Delaware County, Indiana - The whole text, 1908 (part 10 of 15)

On the 28th of August, 1854, Mr. Snider married Margaret Cunkle, whose death occurred on the loth of July, 1893, and of the four children bom of this union two are now living : William, who married Ellen Isgregg and lives in California; and Mary, the wife of Samuel Dulinsky. On the 25th of December, 1894, Mr. Snider married Mrs. Mary J. Cartright, who was born in Mason county, Kentucky, January 14, 1839, a daughter of John and Elizabeth (Dodson) Craig. She was first married to Charles Cartright, who was born in North Carolina April 22, 183 1, and died June 3, 1894. They were married on the 14th of February, 1856, and became the parents of five children, of whom two are now living: Francis, who married Rosa Gump and is living in California; and Alice, the wife of James Hickman. Mr. Snider has four grandchildren and four great-grandchildren, while Mrs. Snider has six grandchildren and two great-grandchildren. They have just returned from a trip to California, visiting their children, and en route they stopped at Los Angeles and San Francisco, passed through Grand Canon and around Mount Hebron by stage, and returned via Portland, Seattle, Tacoma, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Peoria.

Arthur L. Lewellen. In the history of the business interests of Union township the name of Arthur L. Lewellen cannot be omitted, for through a number of years he has been one of the leading agriculturists of the community, progressive, enterprising and persevering. His birth occurred in Smithfield, Liberty township, Delaware county, July 28, i860, a son of Zerah M. and Sarah Ann (Truitt) Lewellen. The father was bom in West Virginia, but when a little lad of nine years he came with his parents, Philip and Mary Ann Lewellen, to Indiana, locating in the then wilderness of Liberty township, and in time he became a well known wagonmaker in Smithfield, following that occupation in connection with Hubbard Feelder. He continued that vocation throughout his entire business career and in 1864 he purchased a farm near Smithfield, in Liberty township, which he operated in connection with his trade. Later he traded that property for a farm in Harrison township, Delaware county, which continued as his home until 1870, in that year trading his land for property in Iowa and moving to Eaton. He subsequently traded his Iowa farm for land near Eaton, where he resided for six years, while during the following two years he was engaged in the farm implement business in Spiceland, Indiana, and at the close of that period removed to Selma, this state, which continued as his place of residence until his removal to Shideler. Here he spent the remainder of his busy and useful life, passing to the home beyond on the 2d of February, 1900, when seventy-one years of age. He served as the assessor of Union township, was a life-long member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and held membership relations with the Masonic order. He became a member of that fraternity at Selma, from which he was demitted to the Muncie lodge, and he received the honors of a Masonic burial. He was identified with the Republican party. Mrs. Lewellen was bom in Delaware county, Indiana, and her death occurred on the 4th of June, 1893, when she had reached the age of sixty-two years, three months and twenty-six days, dying at Selma. Of the seven children bom to Mr. and Mrs. Lewellen five are now living: John O., who married Hulda E. Crampton and resides in Muncie ; Mary E., the wife of William Bosman, of Eaton; Arthur L., whose name introduces this review; Elizabeth, the wife of Tabor Allis, of Eaton; and Emery W., who married Lena Cook, and is living in Detroit, Michigan, where with H. G. Elliott he is engaged in the drapery and carpet business.

The early boyhood days of Arthur L. Lewellen were spent in assisting his father during the summers, while in the winter months he attended school, and when he had reached the age of twenty-two years he engaged in farming for himself in Niles township, where he remained about three years. During the following seven years he resided near Eaton, in Union township, while from the close of that time until in January, 1896, he made his home in Hamilton township, and then purchased his present farm in Union township. Throughout the period of his residence here he has been numbered among the leading agriculturists, and during the last ten years he has made a specialty of the raising of potatoes, having from eight to forty acres planted to that commodity each year, and he has raised as high as seven thousand bushels in a year. He was the first man in Delaware county to make the raising of potatoes a paying investment. He farms from seventyfive to eighty acres, and in 1904 he built the pleasant and commodious residence which now adoms his valuable homestead.

On the 1st of March, 1883, Mr. Lewellen was united in marriage to one of Delaware county's native daughters, Alena E. Modlin, whose birth occurred in Indiana on the 2d of March, 1863. Her father, David Modlin, bom in Wayne county, Indiana, February 16, 1827, became a well known miller in Delaware county, Indiana, and he was a worthy member of the Methodist Episcopal church. On the 27th of February, 1865, he enlisted for service in the Civil war, becoming a member of Company I, One Hundred and Forty-seventh Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and he received his honorable discharge on the 7th of August following at Harper's Ferry, by Special Order No. 1 1 of the war department. His death occurred in Union township, Delaware county, May 8, 1897. At the old homestead of her parents, Adam and Arminda Kendall, in Delaware county, Mr. Modlin married Celia Kendall, who was born in Wayne county, Indiana, and her deafli occurred at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Lewellen, June 22, 1904, when she had reached the age of seventy-two years. Four children were bom to them, namely: Melissa, the widow of Charles Heath and a resident of Iowa; Rachel, who became the wife of Calwell Johnson, now deceased, and she resides in McCowen, Indiana; Mary, who died when twenty- four years of age; and Alena, the wife of Mr. Lewellen. Of the seven children bom to Mr. and Mrs. Lewellen six are now living: Hattie M., Edna E., Bertha H., Mary R., Elsie L. and Eunice C. In his political affiliations Mr. Lewellen is a Prohibitionist, while fraternally he has membership relations with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and he is a valued and worthy member of the Methodist Episcopal church.

Samuel O. Burris, M. D., a practicing physician of Shideler, was bom near Carlisle, Nicholas county, Kentucky, May 30, 1847, ^ son of James D. and Rebecca (Miller) Burris, natives, respectively, of Maryland and Pennsylvania. The father, bom in 181 2, died in 1873, and the mother, whose birth occurred in 1818, passed away in death in 1878. Ten children were born to this couple, seven sons and three daughters, of whom seven are now living : Albert, who married Margaret Crull and is living in Grant county, Indiana; John W., who is married and living in Kansas; Samuel O., the subject of this review; William, who married Allie Cook and is living in Waynetown, Montgomery county, Indiana; Isaac, who married Nancy Jones; George; and Rachel, the wife of Jacob Kindall, living in Chicago. Mr. Burris, the father, removed from Kentucky, where he had followed agricultural pursuits, to Huntington county, Indiana, in 1862, and there he spent the remaining years of his Hfe, becoming one of the county's prominent and influential citizens, and at one time serving in the office of township trustee. He was a member of the United Brethren church in Kentucky, but after his removal to Indiana he joined the New Light denomination.

Dr. Samuel O. Burris received his professional training in the Indianapolis Medical College, where he completed the course and graduated with the class of 1880. In the spring of the same year he located for practice in Clinton county, Indiana, but after a residence there of six years he transferred the scene of his operations to Terre Haute, this being in the year of 1886, and he continued in practice in that city until 1902. He then located in Marion, Grant county, this state, where he enjoyed a large and lucrative practice until his removal to Shideler in 1907. He is a member of Monatcha Tribe, No. 18'?. at Terre Haute.

in the Christian church in Chicago. Mr. Mathew D. Black was a prominent farmer in Putnam county, Indiana, from whence he removed to Green Castle, Indiana, and after a residence there of a number of years located in Terre Haute, where he spent the remainder of his life. He was a member of Green Castle Lodge, A. F. & A. M., the Chapter, R. A. M., and the Commandery, K. T., at Indianapolis, and also of the Consistory of that city, attaining to the thirty-second degree in Masonry. Two children were bom to Dr. and Mrs. Burris, but the first born, Frank, died at the age of twenty-two years. The younger son, Dayton A., a graduate of the Polytechnic College of Terre Haute, is a resident of that city.

Dr. Burris holds and merits a prominent place in the professional circles of Delaware county and he also bears an honorable war record, having enlisted during the Civil war in Company I, One Hundred and Thirtyeighth Regiment of Indiana Volunteers, and served his full term of enlistment. The Republican party receives his active support and cooperation.

Samuel W. Stafford. An active, esteemed and thriving member of the agricultural community of Hamilton township, Samuel W. Stafford is prosperously engaged in his independent vocation on section 5, his well improved and judiciously cultivated farm being a model one in its appointments and equipments. A native of this township, he was bom January 9, 1852, a son of the late Thomas Stafford, Jr. His paternal grandfather, Thomas Stafford, Sr., was one of the early pioneers of Indiana, coming here from Ohio. The journey through the wilderness was made with teams, that being the most expeditious mode of traveling in those primitive days before the country was spanned by the network of railways that now render journeying so rapid and pleasant. Settling in the woods, the father cleared the land and was actively employed in tilling the soil the remainder of his years.

Thomas Stafford, Jr., was born January i, 1819, in Clark county, Ohio, and died in Delaware county, Indiana. A child when he was brought here by his parents, he grew to manhood on the parental homestead, as a youth taking kindly to agricultural pursuits. Prudent and economical, he saved his earnings, and when ready to establish a household of his own purchased a tract of land that was still in its original wildness, cleared a space, and on it erected a log cabin as his first dwelling. As a farmer he succeeded beyond his most sanguine expectations, in course of time becoming the owner of four hundred acres of good land, which he had earned through his own sturdy efforts. He added to the size of his cabin by additional rooms and in it lived until his death. He was a man of honor and integrity, a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in politics a Whig. On January 20, 1846, he married Matilda J. Black, who was bom in Clinton county, Ohio, and died on the home farm here. Of the five children bom to them three survive, as follows : Sylvester, living

Brought up on the parental homestead, Samuel W. Stafford had such educational advantages as were afforded by the pioneer schools of his district, which he attended three months each winter. On attaining his majority his father bought him eighty acres of heavily timbered land, built a two-room frame house for a domicile, and he began his career as an independent farmer. Meeting with encouraging success in his labors, Mr. Stafford has added by purchase to his original acreage, and has now a finely improved farm of one himdred and twenty acres, all but twenty of which he has himself cleared from its pristine wildness. In 1904 Mr. Stafford erected his present substantial frame residence, and is continuing his energetic labors as a tiller of the soil, carrying on general farming and stock raising with exceptionally good pecuniary results.

Mr. Stafford married first, in 1871, Annie Flinn, who was bom in this county, and here spent her entire life, dying in 1894. Her parents, James and Melissa (Taylor) Flinn, were born, bred and married in Miami county, Ohio, from there coming to Indiana and locating in Union township as pioneers. Mr. Flinn was a- man of much force of character, a Jeffersonian Democrat in politics, and, with his wife, belonged to the Christian church. On January 6, 1898, Mr. Stafford married for his second wife Susan Oral Gable, who was born in Blackford county, Indiana, February 2, 1862, a daughter of William H. Gable. Mr. Gable was born in Pennsylvania eighty-two years ago and is now residing in Hartford City, Indiana, a strong and vigorous man for one of his years. He learned the trade of a cabinet maker when young, and followed it for a time in his native state. Of a daring and venturesome spirit, he started for California in 1844, going in a sailing vessel by way of the Isthmus of Panama. Arriving at his point of destination, he was engaged in mining until 1850, when he returned eastward as far as Indiana. Two years later, in 1852, Mr. Gable located in Hartford city, his present place of residence, as a cabinet maker. In those early days he used to make coffins by hand from black walnut and had to go to Muncie to buy the linings for the coffins, oftentimes making the round trip on foot in twelve hours. He is now living retired from active pursuits, enjoying a well earned leisure from business cares and troubles. During the Civil war Mr. Gable served valiantly in the Thirty-fourth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He was identified with the Whig party until 1856, when he joined the Republican ranks, and for many years he has been a valued member of the Methodist Episcopal church. He is prominent in

James W. Arnold, M. D. The medical profession of Delaware county numbers among its younger but most prominent members Dr. James W. Arnold, who has been an earnest and discriminating student and has gained distinction in the line of his chosen calling. He was bom at Valley Station, Jefferson county, Kentucky, September 23, 1873, a son of William Z. and Prudence (Moore) Arnold, the father a native of Louisville, Kentucky, bom in 1837, and the mother of Moor's Hill, that state, bom in 1845. Seven children were bom to them, but only three are now living : Charles B., who is living in Illinois ; Lillian A., the wife of Dr. Albert Arnold, of Louisville, Kentucky, and James W., the subject of this review. The father was a teacher in Bardstown Academy, of his native state, for many years, while later on he became a successful farmer and stock raiser, but at the present time is living retired, residing with his wife in Louisville, Kentucky. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church and supports the Democratic party.

Dr. Arnold received his literary training in the National Normal University at Lebanon, Ohio, in which he graduated with the degrees of B. S. and B. E. with the class of 1899. He then matriculated in the Illinois Medical College at Chicago, where he completed the course and graduated with the class of 1903. Soon after this he came to Shideler, Indiana, where he has ever since been engaged in the practice of his chosen profession, and to keep abreast with the many new discoveries which are constantly being made in the science he has become a member of the Delaware County Medical Associatk>n.

Dr. Arnold married, October 21, 1902, Lillian E. Reasnor, who was bom in Blackford county, Indiana, and her death occurred on the 14th of June, 1906. She was the daughter of John and Mahala (Jones) Reasnor, both also natives of the county of Blackford. The father, who was bom in 1846, and now living on the old homestead on which he was born, became one of the most prominent farmers of Blackford county. He is a member of the Presbyterian church. The following children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Reasnor: Alta, William, Nell, Fred, Earl, Homer and Benjamin, the last two being twins. To Dr. and Mrs. Amold were bom two sons, John L. and Charles. The doctor is a member of the Brethren church, and in political matters he casts his ballot in favor of the men and measures oi *^ Democratic party.

William Shideler was bom in Miami county, Ohio, May 8, 1812, and came to Delaware county for the first time in 1834. Two years later he returned to Indiana with his family and entered eighty acres of timber land in the government land office. By energy and thrift he acctunulated four hundred acres of fine farming land in that section and was known throughout the county as a man of honor and integrity. He served as trustee of his township for three terms, and was president and superintendent of the Studebaker turnpike from 1867 until his death, which occurred on November 13, 1872.

William Shideler's wife was a Miss Sarah Little in her maiden days. She was born in Pennsylvania May 12, 1812, and passed to her reward October 28, 18^7. Mr. and Mrs. Shideler were married in Miami county, Ohio, in December, 1834, and became the parents of thirteen children. Three of these died in infancy, while the remainder lived to become the heads of families. Five of these are now living, viz., Isaac H., Henry H., John S., Margaret E., wife of B. K. Burt, and Thomas. Both parents are sleeping their last sleep in the little graveyard at Granville. They were members of the Christian church at Granville, which society they helped to organize. Later Mr. Shideler assisted in the organization of the Eden Christian church near Shideler.

Isaac H. Shideler was born on his father's farm in Hamilton township, July 7, 1839, and helped to clear the timber from the land and place it in condition for cultivation. When he reached his majority he struck out for himself, and his first purchase of land was an eighty-acre tract on which was a small log cabin. This was replaced later by a more commodious structure of hewed logs, in which our subject and his family resided until 1867, when he constructed a neat and comfortable frame house. This was the family home until 1896, when Mr. Shideler purchased a beautiful residence in the town of Shideler, where he has since lived, retired from active business.

On September 27, 1862, Mr. Shideler was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Lewis, who was born in Union township, October 9, 1843, ^°^ was a daughter of William Lewis, a pioneer settler in that section of the state. Mr. Lewis was born in Virginia, June 4, 1805, and died October 20, 1865. His wife, Dora (Hedrick) Lewis, also a native of Virginia, was bom February 25, 1808, and died March 9, 1865. Of their thirteen children four are living: Julia Ann, Mary E., Mrs. Shideler and William H.

Mr. and Mrs. Shideler are the parents of three children: Lydia A., Louis and Lee Roy, all of whom are married and reside near their parents. Our subject and his wife became members of the Christian church at Gran-

James Williamson, one of the oldest citizens of Delaware county, in which he has spent more than seventy-three years of his long and useful life, was born in Portsmouth, Sciota county, Ohio, June 14, 1828. His parents were Peter and Rosanna (Shafer) Williamson, and his paternal grandfather was Joseph Williamson, who removed from his native state of New Jersey to the Sciota Valley, Ohio, at a very early date. He was a farmer by occupation, and was among the sturdy pioneers of the Buckeye state, where he died at an advanced age. The maternal grandfather of Mr. Williamson, Adam Shafer, was a native of Germany and came to America in 18 19. He was accompanied by his wife, Sabina, three sons and five daughters, all of whom were natives of Wurtemberg. They began the voyage in December, 18 19, and landed in Baltimore in February, 1820, having been so long on the journey that Mr. Shafer was compelled to spend all of his means. So upon arriving in this country he was compelled to bind out three of his oldest daughters in order to pay their passage, which amounted to eighty dollars each. The remainder of the family proceeded immediately by wagon to Brownsville, Pennsylvania, and thence by flat boat to Portsmouth, Ohio, where the wife and mother died in 1821, only a short time after reaching their destination. After a little over three years had elapsed George Shafer went to Baltimore, walking the entire distance, to bring his sisters to their western home. Two of them returned with him, but the oldest remained longer and at last joined the family. In later years the father came to Delaware county, Indiana, and located in Hamilton township, where he died in 1870, aged ninety-five years.

Peter Williamson was bom in New Jersey in 1802, and with his parents removed to Sciota county, Ohio, where in 1827 he married Rosanna Shafer, who was bom in Germany in 1805. From Sciota county they came to Delaware county, Indiana, in 1834, and established their home in section 25, Hamilton township, where he bought lands and built a log cabin home, at once beginning the arduous labor of clearing and developing his farm. Some Indians were yet here at the time. He was a sturdy character,, a successful farmer and in politics was a Democrat. His death occurred at the age of fifty-seven years, while his wife, who was a life-long member of the Methodist church, survived him several years and died at the age of seventy-seven. They had a large family of children, as follows : Adam, of whom mention is made elsewhere in this history ; Sabina, the widow of Alexander Dunn, of Union township; Lovisa, deceased; Stephen, a resident farmer of Illinois; Joseph, also a farmer in Illinois ; and Mary, Martha, Albert, Sarah and Margaret, who are deceased.

James Williamson was but six years of age when his parents removed to Delaware county, and he has ever since made his home within its borders. The eldest of his parents' children, he aided in the early toils of developing the farm and raising the crops, receiving only the educational advantages obtainable in the old-time log school houses. He has devoted his time and energies through life to farming, and few if any of Delaware county's pioneers have witnessed more trying times and performed more hard work than he. He has been very successful in his business affairs. When he started in life for himself as a young married man his father gave him an uncleared and imdeveloped tract of land of fifty-three acres, and this he cleared and placed under a high state of cultivation, applying himself under difficult circumstances so diligently and with such success that he was able to add to his acreage and at one time was the owner of three hundred and twenty acres of fine land, which he has since divided among his children. As was his father, he is a Democrat in his political affiliations, and both he and his wife have been faithful members of the Methodist church for many years.

On December 5, 1850, Mr. Williamson married Hannah Shafer, who was born in Ohio, October 24, 1830, and they became the parents of the following children: John M., Stephen Wesley and Lewis M., all prosperous farmers of Hamilton township, and the only daughter is Mary C, the wife of William Young, a hardware merchant of Muncie. Mr. Williamson has one of the old deeds executed by President Van Buren, dated March 20, 1837. This is the twelfth deed found in Delaware county.

Adam Williamson. Among those who are honored and revered as pioneers of Delaware county none has borne a more active part in the development of its resources than Adam Williamson, an honored resident of Hamilton township. He has been a witness of the vast changes which have beein brought to pass in this region, and in many ways he has proved himself an enterprising and public-spirited citizen, ever anxious to promote the good of the majority and to maintain all institutions which have made our country what it is today.

Mr. Williamson is the second child of Peter and Rosanna (Shafer) Williamson, and was born in Sciota county, Ohio, December 3, 1829. In the biographical sketch of his older brother, James W^illiamson, will be found reference to the ancestral history. When he was but five years of age Adam Williamson was brought by his parents to Delaware county, and this has ever since been his home and the scene of his operations. Reared amid the scenes of pioneer days, he assisted his father in clearing the farm from its primeval condition, and in the meantime he received a limited educational training in the neighborhood schools, which he attended about three months during the year. He remained in the parental home until his marriage, April 12, 1853, to Miss Sarah Moore, the daughter of Lewis and Patience (Truitt) Moore, and they became the parents of the following children: William Albert, Flora Belle, Mary Theresa, Hattie, Emma and Effie, all of whom are living: and are married. The wife and mother died on the 6th of November.

Uamson was reared and educated in Delaware township. By her marriage to Thomas M. Hurtt two daughters were bom. Cora is the wife of John Norris, of Muncie, Indiana, a contractor and builder, and the'y have two children, Reba and Carroll. Mae is the wife of Arthur Crampton, a teacher in the city schools of Muncie. The father of these children died August 25, 1873.

In 1853, ^^ the 14th of April, Mr. Williamson took up his abode on his present farm, which is a valuable tract of one hundred and sixty acres. He cleared his original purchase of eighty acres from its primitive state, working early and late in the task of clearing the forest-covered homestead and in later years at the cultivation of the soil, and here he and his wife are spending the remainder of their long and useful lives. They are members of the Grace Methodist Episcopal church in Hamilton township. Mr. Williamson has membership relations with the Order of Odd Fellows.

Milton Hamilton. In a very early day in the history of Delaware county, in 1830, Stephen Hamilton, who was born near Morgantown, in West Virginia, wended his way to this county and established his home on a farm in section 35, Center township. Since that early period the name has been inseparably connected with the history of this section of the state, and the memory of Stephen Hamilton is honored and revered with others of the brave pioneers of Delaware county. After a time he left his first purchase and bought land just west in section 35, where the remainder of his long and useful life was spent.

Stephen Hamilton became the father of Henry Hamilton, who also won a name and place among the prominent business men and leading citizens of Delaware county. He was born in West Virginia in 1820, just ten years before the removal of his father to this community, and his death occurred on the farm now owned and occupied by his son Milton in 1884. He married a native daughter of Henry county, Indiana, Mary J. Coe, born in 1830, and they became the parents of four sons : Milton ; Millard Filmore, a resident of Idaho ; William Henry, familiarly known as Harry, who died at the age of thirty-four, and Carl E., who makes his home in the state of Washington. Mr. and Mrs. Hamilton were married in Henry county, Illinois, and after residing there for a short time they returned to the old Hamilton homestead in Delaware county, Indiana, and fifteen years later they took up their abode on the farm now owned by their son Milton. The husband and father devoted his business career to agricultural pursuits and stock-raising, and he won success in the callings. His political affiliations were with the Republican party.

Milton Hamilton was born in Center township, Delaware county, January 3, 1853, and within its borders he grew to years of maturity and continued his residence until the age of twenty. Becoming imbued with the western fever, he spent twelve years in the states of California and Wash- ington, where he was engaged in mining and farming. He homesteaded and preempted land in Washington, and did well in a business way in the west, but in 1884 returned to his old home here. When his father's estate was settled he secured the homestead farm, and his estate comprises four hundred acres of rich and well cultivated land. A pleasant and attractive residence adorns the homestead, and many other substantial improvements add to its value.

Mr. Hamilton married, in 1885, Hattie C. McArdle, of the state of Washington, and their three living children are Hazel, Louise and Mary. Mr. Hamilton holds membership relations with the fraternal order of Elks and endorses the principles of the Republican party.

Thomas J. Mansfield, M. D., one among the most successful and favorably known physicians of Delaware county and residing at Royerton, has been a -member of the medical profession in the county since he graduated from college. He is also a native son of Delaware county, bom on his father's farm in Hamilton township, April 24, 1862, a son of Riley and Delilah (Johnson) Mansfield. The father was a son of Charles Mansfield and was a native of Greene county, Ohio, and the father also claimed Ohio as the commonwealth of his nativity, later becoming a pioneer of Delaware county. Charles Mansfield was a farmer by occupation, was prominent in politics, serving at one time in the state legislature as a representative from Delaware county, and his death occurred in the city of Muncie when he had reached the age of seventy-six years. Of his six children, three sons and three daughters, all are now deceased. Riley Mansfield was three times married, the mother of the Doctor being his second wife, and they had three children, while by the first marriage there were born four children, the third marriage being without issue. He, too, was a fanner and lived for many years in Hamilton township, where he was prominently and favorably known. He was a Republican in his political views and was a member of the Christian church.

Dr. Mansfield was reared as a farmer lad, attending the country schools during his early boyhood days, and later he taught for two terms. Still later he matriculated in the Central Normal College at Danville, Indiana, where he pursued a preparatory course in medicine, and then received a course of lectures in Barns' Medical College, St. Louis, after which he entered the American Medical College of Cincinnati, graduating therefrom in 1890. Immediately after his graduation Dr. Mansfield located at Royerton and entered the ranks of the medical profession, while in 1905 he pursued a post-graduate course in the Post-Graduate Medical School of

Alexander Snider was born in Miami county, Ohio, on a farm, January 6, 1826, a son of Joseph and Catherine (Studebaker) Snider. Mr. Snider, Sr., was born in Bedford county, Pennsylvania, but moved to Ohio as an orphan boy of eighteen years. He was there married to one of the commonwealth's native daughters, Catherine Studebaker, and soon after their marriage they moved to Miami county, Ohio, where they made their home until the fall of 1834. Selling their farm of eighty acres there, they came to Indiana and established their home in Union township, Delaware county, where the husband and father entered eighty acres of land and also bought a tract of forty acres. His home was located on the entry tract, and there he lived and labored for many years, dying at the age of sixtyeight years. His wife survived him for eight years, and in their family were twelve children, one of whom died in infancy and one when nine years of age, and the remainder grew to years of maturity, although only three are now living - Alexander, John and Abraham.

Alexander Snider was a little lad between eight and nine years of age when his parents came to Delaware county, and thus the scenes of its pioneer epoch as well as those of its subsequent development are familiar to him, while at the same time he has performed his full share in the wonderful transformation which has been wrought here. His advantages for obtaining an education during his younger years were extremely limited, but he has improved the advantages of reading and observation in later years and has become a well informed man. When he had reached the age of twenty-two years, January 15, 1849, he married Nancy J. Shary, who was born in Rush county, Indiana, August 30, 1828, a daughter of Solomon and Rachel (Breezly) Shary, who claimed Ohio as the commonwealth of their nativity. The first home of Mr. and Mrs. Snider was a little log cabin on his father's farm, but after a time they moved to a farm northeast of Eaton. Shortly afterward they sold that place and in 185 1 took up their abode on a farm in Hamilton township, their present homestead.

Unto Mr. and Mrs. Snider have been born two children: John A., a prominent and well known farmer in Hamilton township; and Rachel, the wife of Jacob Rarick, of Union township. Mr. Snider cast his first presidential vote for John C. Fremont, and has since supported the principles of the Republican party. He is a prominent and worthy member of the German Baptist church.

William Campbell. Among the prominent agriculturists of Hamilton township, Delaware county, is numbered William Campbell, whose name is also familiar to its residents in connection with its educational interests. In 1896 he began the work of consolidation of the schools of Hamilton township, and Professor John M. Bloss has perfected the work so effectively begun by Mr. Campbell. He has always been a stanch Republican in his political affiliations, and in 1889 he was made its representative in the office of trustee, to which he was returned in 1895, and thus he served for two

Mr. Campbell was born in Greene township, Randolph county, Indiana, July 28, 1846, a son of John and Rebecca J. (Gibson) Campbell. Mr. Campbell, Sr., was bom in Nashville, Tennessee, May 10, 1810, and his death occurred in Greene township, Randolph county, September 26, 1863. His name was enrolled among the early pioneers of that county, he having taken up his abode within its borders in 1838, removing thither from Greene county, Ohio, where the family home had been established when he was five years of age, in 1815. He was a son of Samuel and Elizabeth (English) Campbell, the former bom near Dublin, Ireland, and the latter in Edinburgh, Scotland. They were married in Ireland, and in the following week started on the voyage to the United States. Their first home was in Charleston, South Carolina, they having landed at that point, where they remained for five years, and from there removed to Nashville, Tennessee, remaining there seventeen years, and their deaths subsequently occurred in Greene county, Ohio. Mrs. John Campbell was bom near Charleston, South Carolina, but during her early womanhood she moved with her parents to Greene county, Ohio, the family home being established near Cedarville, where she and her husband met and married, and resided there two years. She was born on the i6th of January, i8i6, and died September 23, 187s, in Randolph county, as did her husband in 1863. In their family were seven children, four daughters older and two sons younger than William Campbell, the subject of this review.

On the old home farm in Greene township, Randolph county, William Campbell grew to manhood's estate, in the meantime pursuing his educational training in the neighborhood schools. When he was a lad of sixteen years his father died, and he thereafter remained with his mother in charge of the farm until he was twenty-two, he being her eldest son. He was then married, October 8, 1868, to Eliza C. St. John, who was bom in Greene county, Ohio, November 23, 1851, and they have had three children: Ida Elnora, deceased; Frances May, the wife of Henry Bell, of Hamilton township ; and Nella Forest.

After his marriage Mr. Campbell took up his abode on a farm in Greene township, Randolph county, Indiana, where he made his home for nine years, and at the close of that period moved to Dunkirk, Jay county, Indiana. Soon afterward he sold his farm and bought his present homestead in Hamilton township, where he has resided since 1877. His estate consists of one hundred and sixty acres of rich and well cultivated farming land. His possessions, however, are the result of his own industry and excellent business ability, for he began the battle of life for himself without means and has been the architect of his own fortunes. Although reared in the Presbyterian faith, to which denomination his parents belonged, he is a worthy and valued member of the Methodist Episcopal church, to which Mrs. Campbell also belongs. Both enjoy a wide circle of acquaintances

Samuel Poland. Samuel Poland, a prominent farmer and stockraiser of Hamilton township, where he is the owner of a valuable estate of eighty acres, was born on his father's farm in Liberty township, Delaware county, Indiana, November 15, 1858, a son of Nicholas and Martha J. (Dickover) Poland. He was reared, however, on a farm in Delaware township, to which his father had removed when he was but a babe of two years, and when he had reached the age of seventeen the family came to Hamilton township. His entire life save the one year spent in Blackford county, Indiana, has been spent within the confines of Delaware county, and his long identification with its business interests has won for him prominence and influence.

Remaining at home until the age of twenty, Mr. Poland then worked by the month for other farmers for a few years or until the establishment of a home of his own by his marriage on the 25th of April, 1880, to Florence A. Smith, a daughter of George and Eliza (Carnathan) Smith. Her father was bom in Center county, Pennsylvania, August 16, 1827, and is now making his home with his daughter Florence. He arrived in this county during an early period in its epoch, becoming identified with the farming interests of Liberty township, but he later transferred his residence and his operations to Hamilton township. Mrs. Smith was born in Qarion county, Pennsylvania, in February, 1838, and died on the nth of July, 1894. In their family were the following children : William T., of Detroit, Michigan; George Albert, a resident of Mississippi; Florence, the wife of Mr. Poland; Michael Harvey, of Arkansas; Ida, who died at the age of nine years; Anna, who died aged fourteen; James E., of Royerton; Viola, the wife of Alvin Moody, of Harrison township, Delaware county; Milton, a prominent agriculturist of Liberty township; May, the wife of Harvey Campbell, of Randolph county, Indiana; Orville, of Illinois; and Benjamin Franklin, a resident of Washington, D. C. Mr. Smith, the father, followed farming during the greater part of his active business life. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Poland have been born eight children: Bertha M., William Ralph, Albert Earl, Carl S. and George Raymond (twins), Harry Edgar, Frederick Arthur, and Ernest Cecil. Mr. Poland is a member of the fraternal order of the Knights of Pythias, Castle Hall Lodge, No. 37, of Muncie, Indiana, and gives his support and cooperation to the Democratic party. Both he and his wife are members of the United Brethren church.

Ludlow K. Burt, of Shideler, Indiana, was born in Union township, Delaware county, Indiana, July 22, 1851, and received his education in the public schools. He is a son of Joseph and Minerva (Kane) Burt. Joseph Burt, the father, was bom in Pennsylvania, and came to Indiana with his father when but a mere boy. They located in Union township, three miles southeast of Wheeling, and were among the first of the hardy band of pioneers who settled that section. Joseph Burt died July 12, 1852, in his thirtieth year. Mrs. Burt, the mother, was born in Ohio February 5, 1828, and was the mother by this marriage of two children: Amanda, wife of Clarkson Gates, and Ludlow K., subject of this sketch. Mrs. Burt was married, for the second time, to David Simonton, and became the mother of five children, but one of whom is now living, Mary E., the wife of the Rev. George L. Studebaker. Mrs. (Burt) Simonton passed to her reward September 15, 1903.

Our subject during his boyhood days worked on his father's farm and after his marriage engaged in farming for himself on a forty-acre tract of land, to which he later added eighty acres adjoining, and subsequently two hundred and twenty acres more. Here he resided until 1899, when he removed to the place where he now resides, which is the old homestead where his wife was born. The house, though built in 1866, is in a remarkable state of preservation and has been remodeled to make a fine modem farmhouse. The barn of the premises was built in 1847 and has been in continuous use since. This homestead property comprises seventy acres and is as fine a farm as there is in the township. Mr. Burt is a member of the Christian church and in politics is a stanch Republican.

On September 28, 1872, Mr. Burt was united in marriage to Miss Margaret E. Shideler, who was born in Hamilton township, Delaware county, Indiana, November 11, 1850. She is the daughter of Isaac and Sarah (Little) Shideler, and a sister of Isaac H. Shideler, an account of whose life appears elsewhere in these pages.

Mr. and Mrs. Burt are the parents of nine children, seven of whom are living: Edward W., who married Bertha Martin; Rolvin, who died in his twenty-second year ; Lemon W., who married Bessie Hurt ; Sarah ; David F., who married Martha Wingate ; Minerva, who died in infancy ; Lola, Millie E., and Ora.

John Freeman. Among the oldest and most highly respected citizens of Delaware county there is "none more deserving of mention in the history of the county than John Freeman, of Hamilton township. He was born January 26, 1825, in Adams county, Ohio, and came to Delaware county with his parents as early as 1835, when he was but ten years of age. Since that early day he has maintained his residence in the county, and as he has now passed the eighty-second milestone on the journey of life, his residence here covers a period of seventy-two years or more.

Mr. Freeman's parents were Isaac and Jemimah (Moore) Freeman, both of whom were born in Scioto county, Ohio, and of their eight children Tohn was the second oldest in order of birth. The familv came to this his family. This little cabin home, although long since deserted, still stands on the land, a mute reminder of the days of long ago. The father set about to clear the heavy timber from the land, eventually developing a fine farm, and in the work of clearing and developing he was assisted by his son, John, to whom was given title to fifty-five acres and on which he has continued to reside and farm during all these years. The father died in 1864, aged sixty-one years, and the mother survived until 1871, passing away at the age of seventy years. They were life members of the Methodist church, and the father affiliated with the Democracy, and in religious and political matters the son has followed in the footsteps of his parents. When they came to Delaware county, Muncie was a mere village and known as Munceytown, a few Indians being still here, and deer, turkey and other wild game were plentiful.

Amid these pioneer scenes John Freeman was reared. His advantages for an education were such as the old-time log schoolhouses afforded, and during his boyhood days he assisted his father on the farm and remained under the parental roof until he was twenty-four years of age, and then marrying, he settled down in life as a farmer, on the farm where he now and has always lived, following a quiet and unpretentious life. His marriage was solemnized in 1849, Mary J. Weir becoming his wife, and they were devoted companions for fifty-five years, when the faithful wife was called away in death, in 1905, aged seventy-five years. She was bom in Ohio, and from that state came with her parents to Delaware county in 1836, when she was a girl of but six years. Her parents were Thomas and Mary Weir, natives of Pennsylvania. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Freeman were born three children: Paulina, the wife of Fernando Storer, of Muncie; Thomas J., on the farm with his father, and he is one of the most enterprising and successful farmers of the county, and James B., the first born, who died when eleven months old. When seventeen years of age Mr. Freeman united with the Methodist church, and his wife was also a worthy member of that denomination from a very early age. Peaceful, quiet, honest and industrious, Mr. Freeman has won and retained the friendship of a host of acquaintances, and all honor and revere him for his sterling worth and true nobility of character.

John Venable Baird, M. D. Prominent among the leading physicians of Albany is John V. Baird, M. D., a man of wide professional experience and one who has given much time and thought to the study of diseases and their cause. He is especially fitted for the work in which he is engaged, and the respect bestowed upon him by his fellow men bespeaks the eminent success that he has attained. A son of the late John Baird, he was born June 13, 1850, in Jay county, Indiana, and there grew to manhood. His paternal grandfather, Britton Baird, came to this country in 1790, locating first in New York state, but subsequently removed to Warren county, Ohio, where he resided the remainder of his life.

Bom November 8, 1808, in York county, New York, John Baird was brought up on the farm which his father cleared and improved. Moving with his family to Indiana in August, 1839, he became a pioneer settler of Jay county. Taking up a tract of timbered land he improved a good homestead, on which he was engaged in general farming until his death on October 25, 1859, while yet in manhood's prime. He married, January 27, 183 1, Eliza Staley, who survived him a number of years, passing away July 10, 1870. Of the nineteen children bom of their union three are now living.

Spending his earlier years on the home farm, John Venable Baird obtained his elementary education in the district schools of his native town, subsequently attending Liber College. At the age of seventeen he began teaching, and while thus employed began the study of law. At the end of a year, deciding to make a change of studies, Mr. Baird traded his law books for medical works, and the following two years read medicine with Dr. E. W. Moon. Going to Cincinnati in 1879, he entered the Eclectic Medical Institute of that city and was there graduated in 1881 with the degree of M. D. Upon receiving his diploma Dr. Baird located in the village of Albany, where he has since been actively and successfully engaged in the practice of his profession, his skill and ability as a physician being recognized and appreciated. For twenty-seven years a resident of Albany, the Doctor is well known throughout this section of the county, and his genial manner and pleasant words make him a welcome visitor to the well and strong as well as to the sufferer to whom he ministers.

On August 26, 1875, Dr. Baird married Mrs. Aurelia J. Hays, by whom he had two sons, John W. and Morris B., both of whom are now living in Muncie, Indiana. Mrs. Aurelia J. Baird died February 28, 1890. The Doctor was married secondly, June 30, 1892, at Poplar Bluff, Missouri, to Miss Mary McGarvey, who was bom August 14, 1857, a daughter of Peter and Margaret (McGrail) McGarvey, natives of Ireland. A woman of culture and ability, Mrs. Baird has earned the degree of M. D., having been graduated from the Indiana College of Physicians and Surgeons. She has a fine knowledge of the profession in which she is most successfully engaged, and her papers on medical subjects are widely read by the medical fraternity and are considered of much value.

A stanch Republican in his political views. Dr. Baird represented his district in the state legislature in 1902, doing excellent service to his constituents. Fraternally he is a member of Anthony Masonic Lodge No. 171, at Albany, and is also a member of the Red Men. Dr. Baird has two of the parchment deeds bearing the signature of President Van Buren, bearing the dates of August 20, 1838, and November 10, 1840; the sixth deed of the kind found in the county. He is also a collector of curios and as a collector of rare coins stands second to none in Delaware county. He has an Arabic coin dated 1388 and the United States coins from 1790 to the last coinage. Besides coins he classes as an archaeologist and has some

Albert M. Poland. Among the well known and respected citizens of Albany Albert M. Poland, an able and successful attorney-at-law, holds an assured position. A native of Delaware county, he was born February 12, 1870, at Sharon, Delaware township, being one of a family of seven children. His father, Nicholas Poland, was here engaged in agricultural pursuits for many years, and was held in high respect as a man of honor and integrity.

Spending the days of his boyhood and youth on the parental homestead, Albert M. Poland early became familiar with the different branches of farming, and while engaged in this health-giving occupation developed a fine physique. Laying a substantial foundation for his future education in the district schools, he afterwards turned his attention to the study of law, and in 1893, in Muncie, was admitted to the bar. He has since that time been actively engaged in the practice of his chosen profession in Albany, devoting the greater part of his time to his legal work. Mr. Poland was married, January 9, 1895, to Miss Leatha Leavell, who was bom in Delaware county, Indiana, a daughter of James and Laura (Worley) Leavell. One child, a daughter named Opal, has blessed the union of Mr. and Mrs. Poland.

Politically Mr. Poland is a stanch supporter of the principles promulgated by the Republican party and for two years rendered the city of Albany valuable service as a member of the town council. His wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church and she takes an active interest in the Sunday School connected with it. Mr. Poland is a cultured and highly talented man, well versed in the intricacies of the law, and has filled the positions of trust and responsibility to which he has been called with great fidelity and ability.

Albert P. Murray, M. D. Occupying a place of prominence among the skillful and successful physicians of Albany is Albert P. Murray, M. D., who has built up a large and lucrative practice in this part of Delaware county. A son of the late Cornelius B. Murray, he was born October 18, 1846, near Blountsville, Henry county, Indiana. He comes of substantial stock, his paternal grandfather, William Murray, having served as a soldier in the war of 1812. The g^ndfather was born in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, where he lived until after his marriage with Mary Boles. In 1826, following the march of civilization westward, he moved with his family to Ohio. In 1833 he came to Indiana, settling first in Wayne county, but subsequently removing to Henry county, where he resided until his death, in 1856.

age of sixteen he came with his parents to Indiana and assisted in the pioneer labor of clearing and improving a homestead. Becoming a farmer from choice, he was engaged in agricultural pursuits in either Wayne or Henry counties until his death, at the venerable age of eighty-three years. He was also a teacher for twenty years in Henry, Wayne and Delaware counties. His wife, whose maiden name was Lucinda Burroughs, died May 6, 1872, leaving ten children, namely: John C, William H., R. v., Martha E., Albert P., Orin, Orilla, Marcus L., C. C, and Julia. The father was a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and of the Ancient Free and Accepted Masons. The mother was a consistent Christian woman and a faithful member of the Methodist Episcopal church.

Brought up on the home farm, Albert P. Murray laid a good foundation for his future education in the common schools of his neighborhoodi. In 1864, on February 8, he offered his services to his country, enlisting in Company K, Nineteenth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, in which he served until after the close of the war, being honorably discharged at Indianapolis, Indiana, July 18, 1865. With his brave comrades he took part in many important battles and campaigns, including the engagements in the Wilderness, and was present at the surrender of General Lee April 9, 1865, at Appomattox, Virginia. Returning home, Mr. Murray resumed his studies, first attending the Hagerstown Academy, and then pursued a course in Earlham College at Richmond. Beginning then the study of medicine with Dr. A. McElwee, of Hagerstown, Indiana, he remained with him until 1867, when he entered the Medical College of Ohio, from which he was graduated with the degree of M. D. in 1869. Locating immediately in Sharon, Delaware township. Dr. Murray began the practice of his profession, remaining there. two years. In 1871 he settled in Albany, and with the exception of the time that he was in Keokuk, Iowa, where he took a post-graduate course at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, he has since remained. A man of much ability, progressive and studious, the Doctor keeps himself in touch with the modern methods of diagnosing and treating diseases, and as a general practitioner is meeting with well deserved success.

On January 25, 1872, Dr. Murray married Martha L. Orr, who was born in Liberty township July 30, 1850, a daughter of Col. Samuel and Jane (Moore) Orr. Her father was a distinguished soldier, having served as colonel of the Eighty-fourth Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry. Five children have blessed the union of Doctor and Mrs. Murray, namely: Edgar C, Gertrude D., Leo, Weldon E., deceased, and Nellie. Politically

James M. Vanderburg^ M. D. Noteworthy among the popular and iprominent physicians of Albany is James M. Vanderburg, M. D., who has gained an extended reputation in the practice of his profession, his studies and experience giving him a knowledge and skill that have won for him the confidence and esteem of his patients and an assured position among the leading medical men of Delaware county. A native of Indiana, he was born near Winchester, Randolph county, April 9, 1869, a son of Arthur B. Vanderburg. His paternal grandfather, George W. Vanderburg, migrated from New York, becoming a pioneer settler of this state and one of its foremost agriculturists.

Reared on the homestead, Arthur Vanderburg selected farming as his life occupation, and in the various branches of general farming met with undisputed success. He married, at Economy, Indiana, Eunice Ross, whose parents removed from Kentucky to this state, which Itas her birthplace. Of their union two children were bom : Clara, who married S. D. Hunt and died at Muncie, Indiana, in January, 1907; and J. M., the special subject of this brief biographical sketch. Both parents united with the Methodist Episcopal church when young.

After leaving the district school J. M. Vanderburg continued his studies in Indianapolis, attending the Eclectic College of Physicians and Surgeons, from which he was graduated in 1893. Subsequently entering the Kentucky School of Medicine at Louisville, Kentucky, he was there graduated with the class of 1898, and has since that time been established at Albany, where he has built up a large and remunerative practice and has become identified with the best interests of the city.

On August 2, 1893, Dr. Vanderburg married Nora, daughter of J. W. and Hester (Rees) Wilson, of Albany. Politically the Doctor is affiliated with the Republican party, and has rendered the city excellent service as a member of the school board. Fraternally he is a Mason, an Odd Fellow and a Knight of Pythias. Religiously both the Doctor and Mrs. Vanderburg are conected by membership with the Methodist Episcopal church, in which they are faithful workers and towards the support of which they are willing contributors.

Ulysses Grant Powers, M.D. As a successful physician and a representative of one of the old and honored families of Delaware county Dr. Powers is especially worthy of representation in a work of this kind. A son of the late Dr. James H. Powers, he was bom March 12, 1864, ^^ Albany, which has always been his home. He comes from a family of culture and talent, his Grandfather Powers having been one of the earliest school teachers of this part of the state, while his descendants for three generations have been noted as successful teachers.

Medical College at Columbus, Ohio, and in 1850 began the practice of his profession at Albany, Indiana, and was here numbered among the able and successful physicians until his death in March of 1884 at the age of sixtyfive years. He married, in Albany, Miss Lucinda Mann, who is still living in this city, an honored and beloved woman of seventy-five years. He was a member of the Masonic order, and with his wife belonged to the Methodist Episcopal church. To him and his wife a family of five children, four sons and one daughter, were born. Two children, inheriting the ability of their ancestors, were for many years among the most successful educators of Albany and Delaware township, teaching in the public schools of the city. The sister, Laura M., is now one of the most successful teachers in the county, she having been in charge of the primary department of the Albany public school for twenty years.

Endowecf by nature with scholarly talents. Dr. Powers completed the course in the Albany grammar school and then entered the Northern Indiana Normal School at Valparaiso, Indiana, and later studied at Delaware, Ohio, after which he entered the Indiana Medical College in Indianapolis, from which he was graduated with honors in the class of 1894. For seven years previous to entering this institution, however, he had taught school most successfully, being especially popular as an instructor. Since his graduation the Doctor has been located in Albany, and, following in the footsteps of his father, has built up an extensive practice and now enjoys the reputation of being one of the most skillful and faithful physicians in the city of Albany.

In Albany, June 26, 1901, Dr. Powers married Miss Laura H. Stafford, a daughter of James E. Stafford. Mrs. Powers was a successful teacher in instrumental music, being a student at Greencastle, Indiana, and the Chicago Conservatory of Music.

Into their home one child, Carroll Lucille, has been bom. Energetic and progressive, the Doctor is a man of influence in his community and is held in high esteem by his fellow men. Fraternally he is a member of Anthony Lodge, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, at Albany, Indiana; of the Knights of Pythias, No. 378, of Albany, Indiana, and of the Knights of the Maccabees.

John A. Dowell, M.D. Conspicuous among the successful physicians of Albany, and noteworthy for his keen intelligence and his high mental attainments, is John A. Dowell, M.D., who is meeting with signal success in the practice of his profession. A native of Ohio, he was bom April 18, 1857, in Urbana, a son of William H. Dowell, and comes of substantial Scotch ancestry. His grandfather, John Dowell, served as a soldier in the war of 1812.

William H. Dowell was bom in Virginia, but in early life moved to Ohio and was engaged in agricultural pursuits in Champaign county until his

Toledo, Ohio. Thirteen chidren were bom of their union, nine sons and four daughters. One son, William H., Jr., was graduated from the same medical institution as the subject of this sketch, the Eclectic Collegiate Institute at Cincinnati, Ohio, and is a prosperous practitioner.

Receiving his diploma at the Urbana high school when but sixteen years old, John A. Dowell immediately began teaching school, and was thus employed for eight consecutive years. Desirous of entering upon a medical career, he entered the Cincinnati Eclectic Collegiate Institute, from which he was graduated with the class of 1881. Settling then in his native state, Dr. Dowell first engaged in the practice of medicine at Urbana, Ohio, going from there to Springfield, Ohio, where he met with excellent success. In 1903 the Doctor took up his residence in Albany, where he is meeting with flattering results in the exercise of his profession, having gained a good reputation as a practitioner of skill and has won a fine patronage.

In Champaign county, Ohio, in 1878, Dr. Dowell married Belle Harper, a daughter of Hugh C. Harper, and they are the parents of two children, namely : Ethelyn, who married Dwight Hinckley, a son of Dr. H. Hinckley, of the Cincinnati Medical College; and Blanche. In politics the Doctor is a Republican, and active in party ranks, having served as a delegate to different conventions. He is a member of the Albany board of health, and socially belongs to the Improved Order of Red Men. As his great-grandfather, John Hamilton, was in the Revolutionary war, the Doctor and his family are eligible to become members of the order The Sons and Daughters of the Revolution. The Doctor traces his lineage to the bonnie Scotland Highlanders.

John L. Tulley. Conspicuous among the enterprising, practical and progressive business men of Albany is J. L. Tulley, superintendent of the Albany waterworks. Possessing excellent mechanical and executive ability, he has won well-deserved success in his various undertakings by his thorough mastery of his calling, his fidelity to his trusts and by his honest dealings with all with whom he comes in contact. A native of Indiana, he was bom February 12, 1871, in Jay county, where his father, Joseph Tulley, was a pioneer settler; migrating there from Pennsylvania.

Brought up in Jay county, Indiana, J. L. Tulley acquired the rudiments of his education in the public schools. He subsequently took a course in civil engineering, and as a local surveyor obtained a practical experience that has since been of great benefit to him. He afterwards assisted in building light and water plants in different places, and for three years was connected with the management of the Consolidated Water and Light Plant of Chicago, Illinois, serving as engineer and erecting their plant. Coming from Chicago to Indiana, Mr. Tulley worked in the same capacity in several towns and cities, for awhile being the builder of the Vincennes Light Cogipany's plant, erected in 1901. Exercising his mechanical ingenuity to some purpose, he has made inventions of permanent value, one being a gauge for measuring oil. Mr. Tulley was also instrumental in having one of the leading industries of the city established here, the Albany Automobile Works, of which he is president. This plant is well equipped with modem machinery and gives employment to twenty men. The runabouts manufactured are sold throughout the Union, their reputation as easy-running, strong and durable machines being well established.

On October 3, 1891, Mr. Tulley was married in Red Key, Indiana, to Miss M. R. Hastings, a daughter of Newton Hastings, of that place. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Tulley has been brightened by the birth of three children, namely, Leonard, Dora and Raymond. Politically Mr. Tulley sustains the principles of the Independent party, and religiously he and his wife are members of the Christian church at Albany, Indiana. Fraternally Mr. Tulley is chancellor commander of Castle Hall Lodge No. 378, Knights of Pythias, and he is a member of the Knights of the Golden Eagle, No. 12, at Albany, Indiana.

Walter P. McCormick. Standing prominent among the foremost business men of Albany is Walter P. McCormick, who as a dealer in hardware, furniture and undertaking goods is actively identified with its mercantile industries, and as a member of the common council is as far as possible promoting its highest and best interests. He is a member of the firm of McCormick Brothers, which in the spring of 1907 succeeded the firm of McCormick & Sons, the latter firm locating in this city in 1900. This firm is advantageously located in the Odd Fellows' block, and in its three large store rooms carries an immense stock of goods, and also has a large tinner's room for working purposes. The original firm, the Standard Manufacturing Company, was for many years located at Eaton, Delaware county, and was among the largest and most prosperous manufacturers of that place. In 1900 the firm transferred its business to Albany, continuing under the same name for seven years before it was changed to its present form.

A son of R. B. McCormick, Walter P. McCormick received excellent educational advantages, and was early trained to habits of industry, honesty and thrift. His immediate ancestors were for many years residents of Ohio, removing from there to Indiana in pioneer days. As a young man he was admitted to the firm of McCormick & Sons in Eaton, Indiana, and later, in 1907, became a member of the firm of McCormick Brothers, of Albany. He married, in Delaware county. Miss Bessie M. Nixon, a woman of much culture, and they have two children, namely, Robert and W. Myron. In his political views Mr. McCormick is a stanch Republican, and for the past two vears has served as alderman. Socially he is an important member of the

Edwin R. Pugh. Prominent among the. respected and honored men of Delaware township is Edwin R. Pugh, who is a noble type of the citizen soldier, equally true to his country on the battlefield or in the peaceful surroundings of his home, and his family and friends may well be proud of his honorable and manly record during the Civil war. A son of the late Benjamin Pugh, he was born May 2, 1841, at Blountsville, Henry county, Indiana, of excellent patriotic ancestry.

A native of Ohio, Benjamin Pugh was bom and bred in Warren county. He subsequently settled as a tailer in Blountsville, Indiana, and there resided until his death, at the age of seventy-six years. He married Lavinia Dougherty, who was born in Ohio, a daughter of Edwin Dougherty, who rendered gallant service in the war of 18 12. Eight children blessed their union, namely : William, who served during the Civil war in the One Hundred and Thirteenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry and died at Parker City, Indiana; Catherine ; Edwin R., the subject of this sketch ; Rebecca ; Elizabeth ; Oscar, who enlisted as a boy of sixteen years in the One Hundred and Thirteenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry and was killed in Mississippi ; Sarah and Jane.

Brought up in Henry and Delaware counties, Edwin R. Pugh remained with his parents until seventeen years of age, when he went to Illinois. At the breaking out of the Civil war all of the patriotic blood flowing through his veins was aroused, and on April 22, 1861, he enlisted in Company I, Twentieth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, under Captain George Walster and Colonel C. C. Marsh. With his comrades he went first to Joliet, Illinois, thence to Alton, and from there to St. Louis, Missouri. He was subsequently stationed for a time at Cape Girardeau, Missouri, from there being transferred to Birdpoint. With his regiment he was next sent to Cairo, Illinois, where he remained until February, 1862. He was then sent with his regiment to the front and saw service on the battlefield at Forts Henry and Donelson, and took part in the siege of Corinth, the engagement at Pittsburgh Landing and in other battles of minor importance in Tennessee, including the skirmishes at Denmark, that state, and at Britts Levee. In the fall of 1862 Mr. Pugh marched with the troops commanded by General Grant to Memphis, thence to the Mississippi river, which he crossed just below Vicksburg. In that state he took an active part in the battles at Magnolia Creek and Raymond*s Mines, and was afterwards present at the siege of Vicksburg, and at a battle fought under the command of General John A. Logan, being also with that gallant hero at the engagement at Black River. After the surrender of Vicksburg Mr. Pugh was for two or three months stationed with his comrades at Black River bridge, going from there to Meridian. For a time he was with General Sherman, with him returning to Vicksburg, where he was given a furlough of thirty days, and returned to Springfield, Illinois, thence home. At the expiration of his furlough Mr.

Pugh joined his regiment at Cairo, Illinois, and was ordered to accompany General Sherman to Atlanta, Georgia, being attached to the division commanded by General Frank P. Blair, and took part in the many engagements during the famous march to the sea. At one of the hardest fought engagements the brave General McPherson lost his life. Subsequently with the remaining members of his regiment Mr. Pugh was present at the grand review in Washington, D. C, after which he received his honorable discharge from service, July i6, 1865, at Camp Douglas, Chicago, Illlinois.

Shortly after the close of the war Mr. Pugh settled at Parker City, Indiana, remaining there until 1893, when he removed to Desoto, Delaware county. For the past twenty years he has been prosperously employed in agricultural pursuits, and as mentioned above has cleared and improved a beautiful and valuable farm, on which he resides, .contented and happy.

In Parker City, Indiana, Mr. Pugh married Carrie Beverly, who was born in Wa>'ne county, Indiana, near Fountain City, a daughter of Thomas Beverly, who married Sarah Aldre, by whom he had a family of fifteen children, two sons and thirteen daughters. Of this large family but three children survive, namely : William, the oldest son, Mrs. Elizabeth Pitts, of Hagerstown, and Mrs. Pugh. Both Mr. and Mrs. Beverly were bom in North Carolina, and both died in Wayne county, this state. Mr. and Mrs. Pugh are the parents of two children, namely : Mrs. Ethel Ault, of Desoto, and Harry. Politically Mr. Pugh is a decided Republican, and socially he is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic.

Eben L. Lewis. Among the wideawake, energetic and prosperous business men of Albany Eben L. Lewis holds high rank, having been here successfully engaged as a dealer in real estate for the past ten years. He is widely known throughout Delaware county, and at the present time is making a specialty of selling Southern Texas lands, dealing largely in lands lying in the southwestern part of that state. A son of Abraham Lewis, he was born in Hartford City, Blackford county, Indiana, November, 22, 1868. He is of pioneer ancestry, his paternal grandfather. Job Lewis, having emigrated from Pennsylvania, his native state, to Indiana in 1835.

Abraham Lewis spent a large part of his life at Hartford City, living there until his death in 1875. His wife survives hhn and is still a resident of that place. He was a faithful member of the United Brethren church, he and his wife joining when young. They were the parents of three children.

Attending the public schools of his native city whei?. >'Oung, Eben L. Lewis was a bright, ambitious student, and easily won ii reputation for ability and intelligence. He subsequently studied pharmacy, '^nd after leaving Hartford City was for several years engaged in the drii^ business at Kokomo, Indiana. Coming from there to Albany, Mr. Lewis l^as for two years connected with a mill, after which he engaged in the siale of real estate in this vicinity. From year to year he has enlarged his rSperations, and is now dealing chiefly in Texas lands, with which he is well acquainted, having traveled extensively in that state. As a man of honor and integrity, upright in all of his dealings, he has the respect and esteem of his fellow men and as a valued citizen is held in high regard.

In Carroll county, Indiana, Mr. Lewis married Mary Dunn, a daughter of Isaac Dunn, of Kokomo, and they have one child, Esther. Mrs. Lewis is a pleasant, accomplished woman, and a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Lewis takes an intelligent interest in public matters and has rendered the city valuablcv service, having for two years been a member of the common council and a member of the Albany school board for the same length of time. Socially he is a member of lodge No. 171, A. F. & A. M., and of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, of which is is a past grand.

Claude A. Burdick. A man of superior business qualities, intelligent and capable, Claude A. Burdick is intimately associated with the advancement of those interests which so largely assist in promoting the welfare of Albany and add to its attractions as a business and residential dity. He is officially connected with one of the important organizations of the place, being secretary and treasurer of the Wheeler Gas & Oil Company, which furnishes light and fuel to the people. A son of C. A. Burdick, Sr., he was bom March 17, 1879, at Smethport, McKean county, Pennsylvania, in the heart of the oil region, where his father was for thirty-five years engaged in mercantile business. He comes of honored colonial ancestry, being descended from an old and well known New England family. His great-greatgrandfather, Hazard Burdick, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, which entitles Mr. Burdick, of this review, as well as his father and brother to become members of the great order in America known as the Sons and Daughters of the Revolution, an honor few can claim. His brother, Ralph E. Burdick, is a successful business man of Smethport, Pennsylvania, holding the position of treasurer with the Hamlin Bank and Trust* Company.- pany, and other gas wells in this vicinity, and has established business on a substantial foundation. It has since put in pipes and lines to all parts of the town, and partially to Delaware and Niles townships, and is giving general satisfaction to its many patrons, in the management of its plant being ably assisted by Mr. Burdick, who is experienced in all matters pertaining to the oil and gas business, and is an exceptionally good mechanic. The Wheeler Gas and Oil Company has become a fixture and one of the stable enterprises of the pretty town of Albany, as well as its contiguous territory, and is proving a blessing to the citizens or patrons. Politically Mr. Burdick is identified with the Republican party, and socially he is a member of Bethel lodge, No. 731, I. O. O. F.

Benjamin J. Zehner. Occupying a prominent position among the leading agriculturists of Delaware township is Benjamin J. Zehner, who is prosperously engaged in his free and independent occupation on section 12, where he has a good farm of one hundred and one acres. His land is under a most excellent state of tillage, and he is paying considerable attention to stock interests as a general farmer, working intelligently and ably. He is in the prime of life, his birth having occurred June 5, 1867, on the homestead farm of his father, the late Daniel Zehner. His grandfather, Benjamin Zehner, was a pioneer settler of this township, and soon after his arrival here built a grist mill, which he operated for many years, carrying on an extensive milling business.

Born and bred on a farm, Daniel Zehner continued a farmer during his entire life of fifty-six years, living in Delaware township. He married Sarah Bantz, by whom he had three children, namely : Orry M., of Athens, Alabama; Benjamin J., the subject of this brief biographical sketch; and Eli A., of Bloomington, Indiana. The mother died when but twenty-five years of age, leaving her little family desolate, indeed. She and her husband were both sincere and faithful members of the Lutheran church.

Left motherless when a small child, Benjamin J. Zehner was brought up in his Grandfather Zehner's family, receiving his early education in the common schools. He assisted as a boy in the labors of the farm, thus receiving a training in agricultural pursuits that has since been of inestimable value to him. Starting in life on his own account, he purchased land lying in section 12 as before stated, and by dint of energy, perseverance and wise management has brought it to an excellent state of culture, it being now one of the most fertile and productive of any in the neighborhood. Among other improvements of value which he has placed upon it is a handsome two-story

Delaware county in search of fortune, and here married Martha C. Strong, a daughter of John W. Strong, of whom further ancestral history may be found elsewhere in this work in connection with the sketch of George R. Strong. Mr. and Mrs. De Haven reared four children, namely : John W., living on the parental homestead ; Frank L., of this township ; Amy E., wife of Mr. Zehner; and Jesse O., of this township. Three children have been bom to Mr. and Mrs. Zehner, namely: Frances F., Martha W. and a son that died in infancy. Both Mr. and Mrs. Zehner are highly esteemed and respected members of the society which surrounds them and enjoy the confidence and regard of all who know them. As an enterprising and progressive farmer Mr. Zehner has no superior in this part of the state. Mrs. Zehner is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Their pretty homestead is known as "The Catalpa Avenue Farm."

David Michael. Prominent among the representative agriculturists of Delaware township is David Michael, proprietor of Oakland Farm, which is finely located on section 15, two and one-half miles from Albany. He is a man of energy, enterprise and good business capacity, and has ever been a useful member of the community, ably assisting in developing and promoting its best interests. A son of Adam Michael, he was born August 12, 1847, in Clark county, Ohio. He comes of loyal and patriotic stock, his Grandfather Michael, a native of Pennsylvania, having fought under General William H. Harrison in the war of 181 2.

Bom and brought up in Ohio, Adam Michael early turned his attention to farming pursuits, in 185 1 taking up land in Delaware county, Indiana, whither he had moved with his family. By dint of persevering labor he cleared a large tract of wild land and improved the comfortable homestead on which he spent the remainder of his life, dying at the age of fifty-six years. He was twice married. By his second wife, whose maiden name was Catherine Over, he had six children, two of whom are now living, namely : David, with whom this sketch is chiefly concerned, and Emma, wife of Joseph Zehner, of Albany. By his first marriage he had two children, one of whom, George Michael, of Niles township, served as a soldier in the Civil war. Both parents were members of the Methodist Episcopal church.

But four years of age when he came with his parents to Delaware township, David Michael was here bred and educated. In his boyhood days fine school buildings, spacious church edifices, costly residences and substantial barns were things unknown in this locality. Neither telegraph nor telephone lines spanned these broad acres, nor were the luxurious railway trains of this day known. In strange contrast to the well-equipped school buildings of today was the rude log cabin, with its slab seats and desks, in which he obtained the rudiments of his education, and in which his half-brother, William Michael, for a time wielded the birch. On the paternal homestead while yet a boy Mr. Michael obtained a practical insight into the mysteries of agriculture, and has since made this his principal occupation. Profiting by his father's knowledge and experience, he has been very successful as a general farmer, his estate, known far and wide as "The Oakland Farm," having its one hundred and eighty acres of choice land under excellent cultivation and management. It is amply supplied with the best machinery for carrying on his work after the latest approved modem methods, while his residence is comfortable and conveniently arranged, the place being one of the most attractive in the community. On this farm there have been about twenty oil wells, mostly in operation at present.

Mr. Michael married, October 31, 1878, Catherine Zehner, a daughter of Benjamin and Hester (Hoppis) Zehner, pioneer settlers of this township. Mr. and Mrs. Michael are the parents of three children, namely: Samuel Wilbur, of Delaware township, who married Miss Nellie Simmons ; Hester, living at home, and Joseph W., who married Miss Hazel Bartlett and owns and occupies a farm near his old home. In his political views Mr. Michael is independent, using his own best judgment in casting his ballot. Religiously he belongs to the Christian church of Albany and Mrs. Michael is a member of the Lutheran church.

George Seward Sheller. Delaware township is a rich and fertile agricultural center and among the enterprising and self-reliant men who are ably conducting its farming interests is George Seward Sheller, owning and occupying a good homestead on section 20. He was born in Delaware township this county, September 5, 1854, a son of Adam Sheller, a pioneer settler of that place.

A native of Ohio, Adam Sheller was born and reared in Clark county, «ind there learned the rudiments of farming as carried on in those early days. Soon after taking upon himself the cares and responsibilities of a married man he migrated westward, coming to Delaware county in search of land that he could afford to buy. Taking up a tract of land that was still in its virgin wildness, he erected a small log cabin, and at once began the improving of a homestead. He was an earnest and honest tiller of the soil, and by dint of persevering labor succeeded in making his one hundred and sixty acres of land one of the best farming estates in the locality. He acquired an assured position among the foremost farmers of the community, living there an honored and respected citizen until his death at a venerable age. He married, when but nineteen years old, Mary Pittenger, who was bom in Pennsylvania but was reared and educated in Ohio. Of their union ten children were born, namely: Mrs. Barbara Lake, of Minneapolis, Minnesota; Jacob H., who was killed by a railroad accident in 1907, at the age of sixtythree years, leaving a widow and three children ; Elizabeth, deceased ; John B., of Dunkirk, Indiana ; George Seward, the subject of this sketch ; Mary contributing generously towards the support of public worship, and the father was for many years an officer of the church, serving as trustee and steward.

Reared on the home farm, George Seward Sheller attended the district school as a boy, and as soon as old enough began to assist his father in the management of the homestead, working with true pioneer courage. Starting in life for himself he continued his agricultural pursuits, and nearly a quarter of a century ago purchased the land on which he now resides. The soil was rich, yielding readily to cultivation, and under the judicious management of Mr. Sheller has become one of the most productive farms in the township. Maple Grove, as he has named his estate, is well improved and is furnished with a substantial set of farm buildings and plenty of machinery of the most approved kinds for carrying on agricultural work.

At Granville, Delaware county, September 27, 1883, Mr. Sheller married Harriet Crooks, who was bom in that town January 16, 1863, a daughter of Calvin Crooks. Mr. CiDoks moved from Huntington county, Indiana, to this county, becoming a pioneer of Niles township. His wife, whose maiden name was Harriett Becker, was born in New York state, and died in Indiana, at the early age of twenty-seven years, leaving two children, George M., who died when forty-five years old, and Mrs. Sheller. Mr. and Mrs. Sheller are the parents of ten children, namely : Mary E., wife of Ira Madill, of this township ; Glen, Adam, Gertrude, Rose, Paul, Robert, Lettie, Arthur and Calvin. Politically Mr. Sheller supports the principles of the Democratic party by voice and vote. Religiously Mrs. Sheller is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church.

John W. Marsh. Prominent among the representative agriculturists of Delaware township is John W. Marsh, who is busily engaged in the prosecution of his independent calling on one of the most valuable and attractive estates in this part of the county, the farm being widely known as "The Maples." He is a son of the late Charles Marsh, and a grandson of one John Marsh, who was bom in old Virginia, of Irish ancestry, and died in Indiana at the age of seventy-eight years.

A native of Virginia, Charles Marsh was born Fet«-uary 25, 1819. At the age of seventeen years he migrated with his parents to Ohio, locating in Greene county, where he assisted in the pioneer labors of clearing and improving a farm. Following in the footsteps of his ancestors, he selected agriculture as the occupation to which he should devote his energies, and for a few years was employed in tilling the soil in Ohio. In 1866 he came with his family to Delaware township, purchased a tract of land and began life in this state in the small log cabin which stood upon the estate. Industrious, energetic and farsighted, he labored untiringly, and in his agricultural labors met with eminent success. He made valuable improvements and was amply repaid by fortune for all the trials and privations that he endured in his early days. In 1876 he erected a large and commodious frame house, and in course of time had a fine set of farm buildings on his place, which was named "The

Maples." The home farm consists of one hundred and ten acres of grain, pasture and wood land, and in addition to other improvements has a fine bearing orchard. In the care of this homestead he took great pleasure and delight, living upon it imtil his death, which occurred April ii, 1904, at the venerable age of eighty-five years. He was everywhere respected as a man of sterling worth and honesty, and as a citizen occupied a place of influence. He was a stanch supporter of the principles of the Republican party, and was a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church.

Mr. Charles Marsh married, in 1857, in Greene county, Ohio, Jane Maxey, who proved herself a worthy wife and helpmate to her husband. She was bom in Xenia, Greene county, Ohio, October 14, 1831, a daughter of Martin and Martha (Scarff) Maxey, both of whom were born in Virginia, from whence they removed to Ohio, where they spent the remainder of their lives. Of the children bom of the union of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Marsh four are living, namely : Martha E., wife of Henry S. Pittenger, of Blackford county, Indiana ; Laura L., who lives mostly on the home farm ; James M., of Smithfield, and John W., the subject of this sketch. One daughter, Mrs. Mary C. Pittenger, died at the age of thirty-five years, leaving two children, Alcia C. and Wayne G.

William L. Cory. Closely identified with the manufacturing interests of Albany is William L. Cory, secretary and treasurer of the Albany Automobile Works. A man of sterling integrity, honest and upright in all of his dealings, he is held in high regard throughout the community in which he resides not only as an able business man but as a useful and valued citizen. A son of Michael Cory, he iwas born in Delaware county, Indiana, April 6, 1862, coming from substantial pioneer stock, his grandfather, Daniel Cory, a native of Ohio, having migrated from that state to Indiana at a very early day.

Michael Cory was born in Henry county, Indiana, and there received his early education, attending the pioneer school of his time. Becoming a farmer, he was successfully employed as a tiller of the soil, teacher and merchant during his active career, and now, at the age of seventy-one, is living on the old homestead near Matthews, Indiana. He married Louisa Canada, who was bom in Wayne county, Indiana, the descendant of a prominent Quaker family of that county.

After leaving the public schools where he received his rudimentary education W. L. Cory continued his studies at Danville, Indiana, after which he attended the State Normal School at Terre Haute. At the age of nineteen years he embarked upon a professional career, and during the time that he was engaged as a teacher won an excellent reputation as an educator and disciplinarian. He taught in various places in this state, being in Tipton two years, at Middletown three years, at Sheldon three years, and for six years served most acceptably as principal and superintendent of the Albany schools. When, on September 28, 1906, the Albany Automobile Works were organ- ized, with about twenty of the city's most enterprising men as stockholders, Mr. Cory became the secretary and treasurer of the company, the other officers being J. L. Tulley, president, and Walter Bryan, vice president. Mr. Tulley, the head of the firm, is a man of much mechanical and executive ability, and is patentee of the machine here made.

The plant of the Albany Automobile Works is advantageously located, the main building being a fine, two-story brick, ninety by one hundred and twenty-five feet, and its various departments, including the machine shop, the power house, assembling, paint and test rooms, are thoroughly equipped with all modern machinery and appliances used in an automobile factory. Since its establishment this factory has built up a prosperous business, its cars being sold all over the country, from Maine to California. In July, 1907, seven cars were shipped to different states of the Union.

Mr. Cory was married, March 29, 1886, to Ida Eastes, a daughter of Dr. W. T. Eastes. She is a talented and cultured woman, and prior to her marriage was a very successful teacher in the public schools. Mr. and Mrs. Cory are the parents of two children, namely: Edith M. and Harold A. Fraternally Mr. Cory is a member of the Ancient Free and Accepted Masons and of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Religiously he is a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church.

James W. St. Clair. ^ Numbered among the skilful and successful agriculturists of Delaware county is James W. St. Clair, whose well-managed and well-kept farm is located on section 10. Enterprising and progressive, he holds high rank among the useful and influential men of his community, and as a citizen is eminently worthy of the respect and esteem so generously accorded him. He is a man of striking presence, tall and well proportioned, standing six feet high, weighing two hundred and twenty-six pounds, and is of good muscular development. A son of the late Thomas St. Clair, Jr., he was born July 11, 1855, in Grafton, Taylor county, West Virginia, and there was bred and educated. He comes of distinguished ancestry, being a lineal descendant of General Arthur St. Clair, who served as an officer in the Revolutionary army, and subsequently won laurels as an Indian fighter, being the hero of several engagements with the savages in both Ohio and Indiana.

A son of Thomas St. Clair, Sr., Thomas St. Clair, Jr., was bom in West Virginia, and spent the larger part of his active career as a tiller of the soil, although for a while he was in the employ of the government as a wagon master. He married Drusilla Shaffer, who was born in Somerset county, Pennsylvania, of German ancestry, being the daughter of Jacob Shaffer. She died September 10, 1906, esteemed and beloved for the strength and simplicity of her character and the purity and uprightness of her life. He was a man of fine character, a sturdy supporter of the principles of the Republican party, and, with his wife, belonged to the United Brethren church. Six children were bom of their union, namely : Loretta Finley ; James W., the special subject of this sketch ; Arlington, of Benwood, West Virginia ;

Ossa, of Simpson, West Virginia ; Samuel, who is in the employ of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company as foreman and superintendent of the bridge department, and Arminda Bartlett, of Webster, West Virginia.

Among the rugged hills and pleasant dales of his native state, James W. St. Clair spent his early life, obtaining such education as he could in the common schools, subsequently supplementing the knowledge thus acquired by extensive reading, observation and experience. While at home he assisted in the labors incidental to farming, and has since been almost entirely engaged in agricultural pursuits. Soon after beginning his active career Mr. St. Clair came to Indiana in order to verify the glowing reports that he had heard in regard to the richness and fertility of its soil, and was so pleased with the land and its possibilities that he remained here. Buying his present farm of one hundred and twenty acres in Delaware township, he has spared neither time nor expense in its improvement, and has now one of the most comfortable and attractive farming estates to be found in that part of the county. A systematic and thorough farmer, his land has been highly cultivated and improved, and everything about his premises indicates in a marked degree the care and supervision of a w'ise manager.