Elkhart County, Indiana - Chapter 11: A 3eilitary History, 1881

Chapter 11: A 3eilitary History

^ail oil, -nor fear to breast the sea! Our hearts, our hopes, are all with thee. Our hearts, our hoiDes, otu' prayers, our tears. Oui' faith triumphant o'er om- fears, Are all ^vith thee, - are all with thee!-

In this very important chapter, a description of the nnlitary movements of the early settlers of Elkhart is alone omitted. This is not on acconnt of the unimportant character of its results; but simply because it holds a position in one of the tirst chapters of the county history in its claims to a place with the records of the time. The terrible earnestness of the pioneers is there portrayed, their prompt response to the call to arms noticed, the building of the old fort commemorated, and the happy denouement chronicled. This chapter will hold a mere reference to the militia of olden days; but will contain a fair history of the brilliant part taken by Elkhartians, in defense of the Union.

Tue Goshen Guards

The first military battalion, organized within Elkhart county, was that under Col. John Jackson, recruited so early as the year 1831. The martial abilit}' of Jackson pointed him out as one admirably adapted to the command. His zeal in the cause of the Union in 1812 was not forgotten, either within the bounds of his adopted county or at the military department; for, when the State required that a battalion of militia should be organized within each county, the men of Elkhart called upon the veteran soldier, and rendered well-deserved honor, where honor was really due, by electing him to the colonelcy. C'jI. Jackson was then about 43 years of age - in his middle years - and lived to see the Union he loved so well victorious over every foe from without and over every treason from within. The old battalion in course of time gave place to other military companies, and as years grew apace, the companies arrived at rare proficiency. jSTo disturbing element requisitioned tlieii' services until

The varied events wliicli led to Iiostilities between the United States and tlie republic of Mexico have received a verv full treatment in the State history. The war itself has been dnly chronicled, and, therefore, it will be only necessary here to refer to the action taken by the people of Elkhart county in support of the general Government of the time. The war signal was given to the people of the State by Governor James Whitcorab in his proclamation dated May 22, lSi6, and in a memorandum to that paper under the same date. The momentons document ran as follows:

Wheeeas, The territory of our common country has been invaded and the blood of our citizens has been shed upon our own soil by a hostile force from the Republic of Mexico, after repeated attempts of the United States for an honorable settlement of all existing difference with that power, which have been met only witli inditference and contempt; and

Whereas, By an act of the Congress of the United States entitled, " An act providing for the prosecution of the existing war between the United States and the Republic of Mexico," approved on the loth of the present month, the President of the United States is authorized, in addition to other provisions therein contained, for the prosecution of the said war to a speedy and successful termination, to call for and accept the services of any number of volunteers, not exceeding 50,000, either as cavalry, artillery, infantry or riflemen; and

Whereas, By a communication from the Secretary of War, dated the 16th inst., received late last evening-, and enclosing a copy of aforesaid act, the undersigned is requested on the part of the President to cause to be organized at the earliest practicable period, for the aforesaid service, to be infantry or riflemen, and to designate some convenient place of rendezvous, for moving toward Mexico, for the several companies as fast as they shall be organized, where they will be further organized into regiments preparatory to moving toward Mexico; said companies and regiments to be clothed, armed, organized, oflicered, inspected and mustered into the service, according to the regulations contained in the subjoined memorandum, as gathered from the aforesaid requisition and act of Congress: iSTow, therefore, I, James Whitcomb, Governor of the State of Indiana, do issue this my Proclamation, appealing to the citizens of this, our well beloved State, by their love,of country and of its noble institutions, by the sense of the wanton and unprovoked invasion of our territory and the eii'usion of kindred blood by a foreign and perfidious foe, by tlieir desire to emulate the deeds of noble daring which have so proudly distinguished the elder members of our confederacy, in our earlier history, and by their desire to adopt the best means under the favor of Divine Providence for a speedy termination of the war and an earlv restoration of peace, to form themselves into volunteer companies with all dispatch for the aforesaid service, and to organize, so that early orders ma}' be given to them to march to ]Sew Alban}- in this State, which is hereby designated as the place of rendezvous, preparatory to their moving toward ilexico.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the State to be hereunto affixed at Indianapolis, this 22d day of May, in the year of our Lord lSi6, of the State the 29th, and of the Independence of the United States the 70th.

Attached to this proclamation was the memorandum regulating the organization of volunteer corps to be organized under the late act of Congress of May 13. It comprised 15 articles regarding the supply of uniforms, arms, pay, and embraced the following instructions:

A company of infantry ( or riflemen ) will consist of one Captain, one First Lieutenant, one Second Lieutenant, four Sergeants, four Corporals, two musicians and SO privates.

A regiment of infantry (or riflemen) will consist of the following field and staff officers, viz.: one Colonel, one Lieutenant-Colonel, one Major, one Adjutant (a Lieutenant of one of the companies, but not an addition ), and of the following non-commissioned staff", viz.: one Sergeant-Major, one Quartermaster Serjeant, two musicians, and of ten companies organized as above.

The volunteers were to muster in on terms of 12 months' service or to the end of the war, and were to be placed on the footing of similar regiments of the United States army in every thing except clothing and pay, and consequently were, if wounded or disabled in the service, entitled to the benefits conferred on soldiers of the United States under like circumstances.

In response to Governor Whitcomb's call to arms, a war meeting was held at Goshen May 25, to consider the expediency of organizing a volunteer force to be held in readiness to proceed to the front. Dr. Ellis presided on the occasion, and the meeting fully organized by the appointment of Messrs. Benjamin Crary and M. C. Dougherty, vice-presidents, and W. C. Matchel, secretary. Mr. Robert

Lowi'v having referred to the objects the meeting had in view, asked every citizen to assert his manhood, his dignity and patriotism by a unanimous response to the call to arms. He was followed by M. C. Dougherty, who placed the following resolutions before the chair: "That it is the duty of ever}' citizen in time of war, without inquiring into the causes thereof, to rail}' in defease of the rights and honor of his country, and never yield until an honorable peace is achieved; that the names of those who wish to volunteer be taken, and tliat the list be kept open, and the names of all who apply enrolled until a sufficient nnmber is obtained to form a company ; that as soon as a company be organized, the same be reported to the Governor."

After these spirited resolutions were accepted, the meeting adjourned to the 30th, when a companj^ was reported partially organized under Captain E. M. Chamberlain, who called on the volunteers to assemble J nne G, uniformed, armed and equipped, to consider the best means of carrying out their duty to the country. During the time thus occupied by the men of Goshen that Saturdaj- afternoon the peojile of Benton, Elkhart and Goshen joined in a grand_/d« de joiem honor of General Tajdor's victories in the South, and were loud iu their expressions of determination to go to the front. On Saturday, June 6, an important meeting was held, and the roll of enlistment declared open at the store of Sergeant Howel. On the 13th, the company of Elkhart volunteers, under Captain E. Chase, met in Elkhart, and 14 of their number asked permission to be placed under the command of Capt. Chamberlain for service with the Goshen Guards. The efforts of Captain Chamberlain to organize a compau}' of volunteers at Goshen for service through the Mexican campaign were not attended with a remarkable success. In a lengthy comniunication addressed by him to Gov. Wbitcomb June 20. from Le Koy, New York, he says.

" Immediately on the appearance of 3'our proclamation, I ordered out the Goshen Guards, for the purpose of adopting such means as the company might deem proper, and a majority of the company accordingly assembled in obedience to the order. Those present unanimously adopted certain resolutions, which have been forwarded to you, authorizing me, as Captain, to tender to the general Government through you, their services, as soon as the ranks of the couipany coi^ld be filled; and directed the Orderly Sergeant to open an enlistment roll immediately f)r that purpose. Our company is act actually fall of reliable rar.k and file, even under our act of 1844, much less under the regulations governing the regular service; and I discovered at once that in our small town and vicinityit would, with the utmost effort, require a lengtli of time to fill up the ranks incompatible vritli tiie emei'geacies of an immediate campaign. A majorit}' of the couroany, however, promptly seconded ray wishes to make every practicable effort to fill up their ranks, and hold ourselves in readiness for any emergency in which our country might use our services. Tiiis we shall not fail to continue to do.

Before these events transpired, I had made arrangements for a visit witli my family to this place, which design I immediately prosecuted on making tlie above arrangements, being satisfied of the impracticability of immediately filling our ranks as above stated, which circumstance accounts for my letter being dated here.

'- Though I regret my inability to have more actively participated in measures foi- the immediate prosecution of the war with Mexico, yet I deemed it proper to apprise you of such steps as we have taken, and of our prospects and purposes."

Captain Chamberlain then enters into a full and reasonable explanation of the many causes militating against the formation of a military company for one year's service in the Mexican campaign. He ascribes the difficulty in Goshen to the small extent of the town, to the little encouragement offered to volunteers by the laws of the State, to his own absence from home, and his consequent inattention to the duties usually devolving on the captain of au independent volunteer company. The letter is so very sincere that the failure in organization is half atoned for. It also must have the effect of exercising a beneficent influence upon the future career of military companies within the county, since it drew attention to the varied sources from which military inefficiency to meet an emergency generally' flows, and to a point of honor which remained unsatisfied in citizen hearts.

The Adjutant General of Indiana Militia replied to Capt. Chamberlain August 1.3, 18±6, stating that a letter addressed to Governor Whitcomb had been handed to liim with directions to say that the difficulty attendant on raising a company for immediate service in a county, such as Elkhart is, within a very limited period, is well understood and appreciated in his department. The Adjutant is satisfied that Capt. Chamberlain exercised all his efforts in the matter, and assures him of a desire to gratify tiie desires of tlie -' Goshen

Guards " in accepting its services, should there be another requisition on the Stats for troops to serve in the Mexican campaign. The receipt of tliis letter was signalized at Goshen by the issue of a notice to the public, signed b}' Capt. Chamberlain and dated Aug. 22, 1846, assuring the people tiiat in view of another requisition for troops before the conclusion of hostilities with Mexico, it would be absolutely necessary to till the ranks of the company, and ardently desiring that the volunteers would come forward and aid in rendering the company efiScieut, so as to be ready at any moment the State might call for its services. From the very little iuformation that can be gathered on this subject, it appears that only a few men from this county entered any of the five regiments furnished by the State for service in the Mexican war. Whether this was due to apathy, to some fault in the preliminaries of organization, or to a sense of the little opposition which Mexico could show the troops of the United States, then in the field, is a question of some interest. Now, after a period of 32 years, the cause for the non-appearance of the names of Elkhart men in any telling numbers on the rosters of the Indiana regiments in that war may be ascribed wholly to the prevailing opinion that their services were actually unnecessary, since there was a force already in the field competent to deal successfully with a half-dozen of such unruly Kepublics as Mexico then was. This fact is ])atent; because, from the thousand evidences given by the citizens of Elkhart county in later vears of their attachment to tlie Kepublic and their desire to maintain its integrity, even if the last man within its bounds had to yield up his life in the patriot's battle, it v/ill appear that nothing less than a full cognizance of the small need existing for their services, added, of course, to a knowledge of the immense and unnecessarv expense which their master into service would entail, both directly and indirectly, upon the county and the nation, actuated them in following the course laid down by reason, and thus left themselves open to the wordy attacks of injudicious enthusiasts. A people who were unenthusiastic in ] 846, when there was scarcely anything to be enthusiastic about, showed their magnanimity in 1861-65, and proved what thinking men may do when their country really needs their services.

Messrs. Myers, Julian and Egbert may be named as the only representatives of Elkhart county and neighborhood in that camp)aign. Captain Chamberlain, Lieutenants E. W. H. Ellis and Dr. M. M. Latta, the officers of the Guards, and the well- circumstanced, gen- erally handsome, gay, bnt enthusiastic men in the ranks, still remain " Goshen Guards," determined to defend their native city if Gen. Santa Anna would venture so far ]^orth, but otherwise to remain anxious readers of war correspondents' reports, and sensational telegrams from the camps of the Texans and Gen. Taylor's headquarters. These dispositions, on the part of the great majority of the soldiers, were not at ail acceptable to men without the organization, nor to many in its rank and iile; for, as Dr. Latta relates, a number of war spirits sat in convention in lSi7 to deliberate upon a future motto or coat of arms for the Guards, and adopted one proposed by Washington Earle, viz.: " Soldiers in time of peace; citizens in time of war."

Dr. II. II. Fowler, in addressing the old settlers of Elkhart, in 1S59, spoke of the " Sac war,"' the "Toledo war," and the deep interest taken by the people of Ellvhart in military aiiairs of the time. He compared it with the apathy of these of 1859, and proved, beyond doubt, that military life liad merged into mercantile, and would not again show its strength until the Union of the States was threatened. Nor were his assertions too strong. The year lSi6 afforded him a basis on which to build the opinion expi-essed 13 years later, and the years lS61-'65 proved the entire assertion correct; for then, really, the Union was threatened, and then the men of Elkhart, whose military ardor slept for a time, awoke suddenly, to eclipse the valorous deeds of most of their military compeers.

The history of the civil war and the military history of Indiana have been dealt with very fully in the first part of this work, but its connection with the county it is proper to review, specially the names of all those gallant men who left their happy homes to appear upon the field of battle, in defense of all these precious liberties under which they lived, and for the preservation of the most Sublime political union that ever bound the great States of a great country together. In April, 1861, immediately after the Presidential call for volunteers, a full military company of 93 men was organized at Goshen, known as '- The Goshen Guards." This company left 671 roaU to Indianapolis on Monday, April 29, under command of Milo S. Hascall, and comprised in its rank and file: Lieutenants E. R. Kerstetter, F. B. Eosselwyn, JamesM. Barns; Privates H. E. Agard, E. 0. Albright, G. W. Allen, E. C. Adams,

The State had already acted well its part; the si.x regiments called for in the President's proclamation were complete, and the only alternative open to the men of this company was to return to their homes and await at Indianapolis the second call to arms. In the meantime Capt. Hascall was assigned a position on the staff of Gen. Morris, again appointed to the Colonelcy of the 17th Regt., and subsequently promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General. His service extended over a period of three years and six months. Lieutenants Kerstetter and Rosselwyn, who, with Capt. Hascalh were among the officers of the unrequisitioned company, attached themselves to the 17th and 74th Regiments respectively.

The draft of 1S62 was carried out under Commissioner Dr. E. W. H. Ellis, Marshal W. A. Woods and Surgeo n M. M. Latta, and their township marshals, with the following result: Harrison, 47; Jackson, 28; Union, 24; Clinton, 12; Benton, 6; Baugo, 6 and Locke, 5; all forming a company of 12S men, who proceeded to Camp Morton under Dr. Ellis, and were formally assigned to the com. maud of Captain Edwin Billings. The five subsequent drafts were carried out in an equally satisfactory manner under Enrolling Commissioner Ellis. Prior to entering upon a review of company rosters, it is but just to refer to the female element who acted a very noble part.

Immediately sneceediEg the commencement of hostilities the ladies of Elkhart county became thoroughly imbued with a sense of patriotism, and resolved themselves into the " Soldiers' Aid Society," determined to exercise all their powers toward rendering such an organization effective. At a meeting held in October, ISGl, a code of b\'-laws was adopted and the following ladiesappointed to preside over the society in their respective townships, with Mrs. H. W. Bissell and Miss F. M. Reynolds general treasurer and secretary respectively. Co-operating with these leaders were, with very few exceptions, the ladies of the county, out of whose ranks was formed a limited company of fair laborers, whose desire, at least, to perforin humane work was illimitable. This little band of heroines may be termed the daughters of the regiments, since they made an ofTer of their services and their lives to that duty ot benevolence which ministers kindness and hope to the sick and wounded of the arm}', and often succeeded in rendering such aid as restored to health and home many a soldier of the country. It is impossible to calculate the amount of good accomplished by their enthusiasm and their tender devotion. The victims of wellfonght fields can only summon up an idea of the beneficent effect exercised by pious ladies in military hospitals; and if the voices of the many who recovered under their tender care could be united in an eulogistic chorus, the names of Misses Abbott, Beadsley, Hudson. McCord, Martin, Miller, Powell, StaufFer and many other ladies of this county would hold a place in the soldiers' song worthy of their heroic humanity. The graves of two of them in Oak Ridge cemetery are monuments to their zeal in the cause of charity, and on each Decoration Day let it be the first duty of a grateful people to strew with choicest flowers and appropriate souvenirs the little prisons of bodies which once contained their great souls.

Company Eosters

Goiivpuny C, 9tk Regiment. - This company was organized within Elkhart county, and mustered into service April 24, 1861, for a three months' term, under Captain Theodore F. Mann, Charles H. Kirkendall, First Lieutenant, and James D. Braden, Second Lieutenant. The non-commissioned officers and men comprised 1st Sergeant, Albert Heath; Sergeants, D. G. Risley, jSTelson Mansfield, W. H. Crampton; Corporals. J. A. Gambee, Anthony S. Davenport, Daniel C. Gore, Orville F. liarris; Musicians, James

A reference to the sketch of the ytli Regiment, in the State Military History will convey an idea of its brief but brilliant campaign from the surprise of Philippi, under Col. Kelly, to Laurel Hill and Carrick's Ford, under Gen. Morris.

The 9th Begwient - (Three years' volunteers) mustered in at Lafayette Sept. 5, 1S61 (having been organized at La Porte), was augmented in 1864 by S. A. Abbot, R. G. Brown, C. Brown, C. Bayne, D. Bemont, all of Elkhart county, who responded to the draft of that year, and attached themselves to Company B. Company C was entirely composed of Elkhart men, under Capt. D. G. Risly, who was succeeded by 1st Lieutenant J. D. Braden, and on his promotion to the rank of Major, by A. J. Martin. Simon Bariuger and Ezra AVillard were Lieutenants. This company was mustered into service in September, lS6i, with A. J. Martin as 1st Sergeant; Ambrose G. Bierce, W. J. Chapman, S. Garringer and Lafayette Murray, Sergeants; T. M. Patton, S. Baringer, J. Stewart, J. D. Smith, M. P. Ormsby, H. P. Clanson, J. L. Knap, M. L. Delamater, Corporals; Charles Peasly and James O'Brien, Musicians; G. P. Bellows, Wagoner; and Private3,J. A. Abbott, G. M. Allen, Jacob Berlin, M. Bowers, B. T. Brown, D. Burket, S. Butts, S. C. Carter, J. Cathcart, S. A. Cheever, N. D. Cline, G. G. Congdon, S. C. Congdon, A. Conroy, W. R. Conroy, V. Craft, G. W. Crampton, A. Crandal, John Daly, A. Dills, Jr., J. B. Drake, J. Earle, J. C. Fo.x, F. J. Grubb, J. Grulier, H. Hall, E. Horn, P. S. Hare, A. A. Holdeman, T. L. Holdeman, John Hoke, G. W. Huyler, W. Kelly, S. Kessler, W. Keyes, C. K«liler, F. M. Kreighbaum,

The list of casualties of this company from Grcenbriar in October, 1S61, to the pursuit of Gen. Hood, 1861^'65, forms in itself a record of duty valiantl}' done. In Company D, of the same regiment, were J. D. Keely, J. J. Stawers, F. Dunbar, J. Hurley, W. Keely, J. M. McGinnis, W. F. Shekels, V. Swartz, S. Stowers, and E. Whitmire, of this county. In Company E were Curtis Chapman, A. J. Conner, E. Hammond, E. Hubbell, G. C. King, Mnrry McConnell, J. W. Moorehouse, E. M. Moran, M. McKeloy, J. Openchain, T. Prickett, C. Eodgers, E. Schel linger, J. Simons, W. H. H. Stuart, A. Swartswatter, S. Story, J. Troyer, J. H. Violett, Z. Walker, G. S. Weathers, J. H. Wickam, A. B. Winfield, L. D. Nickerson, W. J. Norris, A. Nye.

In Company F were Edward Dokey, Emery Dokey, I. H. Hulderman, Ealph Johnson, I. Kopplin, C. Krugher, L. Laddaner, F. Ludwig, Patrick McClune, I. W. McLane, C. C. Eedding, A. J. Bunn.

Company H comprised "W. H. Knowles, W. Paul, I. Lundy, W W. Manning, W. A. Market, V. L. Ward, D. Proctor, D. H. Smith and S. W. Stroup. Company K registered H. Cornish, H. Clay, J. Dullinger, W. K. Cathcart, J. Morris, Jerome Martin, Squire Martin. Silas Eoose, A. Strinbaek. ^Y. Speese, A. C. Van Alst and Le-vi Wiltmere.

The history oi the S"inth Pegiment Indiana Volunteers is peculiarly brilliant, and in the militar}- record, comprised in the State, history, holds a deservedly high place.

The county was very badly represented on the roster of the 12th Meglment by one member only, Herman Campbell, of Goshen, who deserted Dec. 5, 1862.

The Thirteenth i?£'g'/me?ii; comprised Lieutenant Michael Ganser, H. Goss, Francis Biendit, R. Kayler, M. Ellar, J. B. Ayers, S. Caughey and S. H. Weaver, of Elkhart county.

The \1th Regiment was organized at Camp Morton during May, 1S61, under Col. Milo S. Hascall, of Goshen, who, for the distinguished part taken bj' him at Greenbrier, and in the operations of Gen. Reynold's corps, was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General March 25, 1862, when the Colonelcy devolved upon his Lieutenant-Colonel, John J. Wilder, of Greensburg. Lieiit.- Colonel Wilder continued in command until his resignation was accepted Oct. 5, 1864, when Jacob J. Yail was appointed. W. H. Carroll, S. F. Pigb}' and J. Y. Hitt, of Greensburg, served with this regiment; but in the roster of enlisted men, there ai-e not any names from Elkhart county appearing.

uiaii; Geo. Dennis, A. Defrauce, D. Divelbess, J. Downing, L. EUer, H. C. Elliot, W. G. Fisher, W. li. Fry, J. Frey, H. dT Gaylord, Milo George, T. Grey, I. Grey, J. Hague, A. G. Haskins, Milton Hadley, D. Hagle, Clinton Hague, P. Humphreys, M. Ingvaham, J. ~SV. Jeseles, AdaniJuday, T. S. Kelley, James Knight, Dan Kulp, J. W. I. Lent, J. W. Lloyd, ^Y. H. "ivlarks, Conn. McGuire, C. W. McMeans, A. Moose, D. jSTepper, E. T. Is^eal, J. Rigby, G. H. Eodarmer, Perry Eowe, F. M. Sams, J. W. Shafer, J. M. Shirts, I.Silkworth, E. Smith, H. Smith, W. B. Smith. Jas. Snyder, J. F. M. Spitler, Eli Starnes, E. A. Stone, H. Swift, G. "W. Thompson, B.Turner, S. S. Upham, C. C. Walter. Geo. Warner, D. V. Ward, W. W. Whitney, Christian Wollli, Clonse Young. The soldiers whose names have been given won an enviable reputation for Company G, and took a most important part in rendering the name of the 19th Eegiment so distinguished.

The volunteers from Elkhart county who belonged to the '21.si Infantry, were Lieutenants, A. W. Simmons and E. F. Hubbell; Sergeants, I. F.Oarmien,S. Aingken, T. H. Bachus, H. J. Bachelor, I. Barr, Flenry Breslin, W. Ereslin E, Can-oil, D. S. Chambei-lain,

D. Putter, W. Eitter, I. A. Simmons, M. W. Self, Jos. Tautsman, A. n. Wayburn and O. M. Wayburn. These volunteers were mustered in July 24, 1S61, and throughout the war sustained a very favorable name won early in the campaign.

The representation of Elkhart county in the rank and file of the %%tli Regiment was large in number and important in those moral and ])hysical qualities which combine in the true soldier. Among tlie officers are the names of Major H. G. Davis, H. G. P. Oblinger, Levi M. Hess, E. McCumsey, I. Humes, J. Miller, I. M. Barnes^

E. A. McComber; Sergeants, G. W. McKain, A. B. Butler, A. W. Fenton; Corporals, S. Deardoff, W. Pvins, J. F. Younts, S. Knight, D. B. Hutchison, C. Hughes and A. B. Mills; Musicians, G. Eeam, and S. Seymour; Wagoner, Geo. Jackson; Privates, G. P. Araidon, I. T. Aldrich, W. Burns, C. M. Boyd, I. M. Boyd, J. E. Buchanan, M. Buchanan, T. Buchanan, A. Camp, W. Chasey, H. C. Clifford, Z. A. Clifford, L. Coleman, R. W. Cook, I. B. Crawson, W. Criss, S. Davis, S. P. DeWolf, E. S. Dickson, E. Pehlimau, A. P. Fox, ]Sr. E. Gibson, W. Ganser, C. Groesbeck, I. Groesbeck, J. Gushwa, S. Haynes, I. K. Harris, J. E. Hoyt, J. Honck, O. D. Ivens, D. James, S. Key, S. W. Keesey, F. Knight, W. Knight, B. Mc- Cumsey, B. McCreasy, C. Marshall, I. Miller, L. Mills, M. Mills Geo. Minager, Geo. Moore, A. Mott, S. Mott, Beth Myers, W. P. Needham, 'j. O'Deil, J. Osborn, U. Osborn, W. F. Paxson, D. Eoger, J. J. Eeem, J. Eeed, Isaac Eeed, S. Eiefsnyder, A. Eow, P. Eow, S. Saylor, H. L. Seaman, H. Sebring, J. Showalter, A. Smith, L. Smith, W. H. H. Smith, Lafayette Staufer, F. M. Stewart, I. M. Stonebreaker, W. Stover, Ira Stettev, Geo. Temple, S. Trego, J. I. Ulrich, I. Wear, Geo. Weipert, W. A. Werley, A. A. Whitehead, E. Wright, C. Wyland, I. Wyland, Thomas Williams. The above named volunteers were mustered into the service in August and September, 1861, and formed Company B of the IMK Infantry. From 1862 until the close of 1864 the company was constantly receiving recruits to till the places of those who fell in battle or by disease. By a reference to the sketch of the 29^A JReglment, as given in the iirst pages of this work, the reader may be able to conceive the brilliancy of its career, whether under Eosseau, Buell or Eosencrans.

house, J. Lehman, D. Lampa, S. P. Miller, L. H. Miller, S. Miller, J. W. Mitchell, J. W. Mease, J. Millenbarger, J. Mikel, A. J. Morer, F. M. Myers, J. Kewell, ^Y. H. JSTewell, J. jSiiciirst, N. B. Orsborn, P. E. Pusch, G. A. Potter, A. Protzman, S. M. Iviggle. J. A. Eoach, James Poach, J. P. Roxborough, H. A. Slabaugh, T. Smith, J. Shriver, DeWalt Shiister, D. G. Swank, J. Thomas, A. Jones, J. E. Valentine, H. "Weed, A. "Weaver, W. H. White, M. Lafayette Wilson, J. H, Wilson, A. Wiley, H. B. Wilkinson, F. F. Yeoman, D. Zigler, W. Zehner. These volnnteers were all children of Elkhart county, and won a name, both for themselves and their regiment, upon every battlefield from Shiloh to JNlashville. It will be seen in this connection that A. D. Miller, J. E. Thompson, W. ]^. Culbertson and. T. H. Chance were promoted from the ranks to the respective positions of Adjutant, Captain and Lieutenant.

The 2d Cavalry or ilst Reglifnent comprised the Elkhart Company K. Hiram F. Kidder, of Goshen, was Adjutant; W. C. McGonigal, A. S. Blake J. A. S. Mitchell, W. C. Blaine, D. A. Gilmore, were among the oflicers, and among the enlisted men were: Q. M. Sergeant, B. C. Dodge; Sergeants W. D. Stover, D. A. Gilmore, J. B. Cobb and M. Weybright; Corporals W. Dodge, E.

C. Adams, P. Kisner, A. B. Clark, W. Thompson, E. J. Hamilton, J. W. Guy and David R. Smith; Buglers, H. F. Kidder and L. Witmer; Farrier and Blacksmith, J. E. Gambee and Daniel Yantz; Saddler, C. W. Wortsbaugh; Wagoner, William Orbett; Privates, J. F. Alford, A. Bissel, D. M. Bowser, J. H. Boakin, A. Bryant, J. L. Burke, C. Chipman, J. Clark, E. C. Clifford, K. Compton, B. Cox, W. Cox, G. J. Creigh, J. Craton, John Curry, Herman Davis,

D. P. Deardoff, W. Doolittle, T. H. Donalson, 0. A. Drown, Peter Eddler, H. W. Gallentine, J. Gallentine, E. Grisson, T. Griswold, W. Goodwin, J. Harlan, T. H. Harlan, W. Hatfield, J. Hatfield, J. Harris, A. Howard, H. Howard, R. Huff', E. Illich, E. Irwin, J. P. Jennings, W.P. Kelly, J. N. Lash, John LaCass, J. R. Leaky, D. E. Manning, J. Martin, W. McCabe, C. P. Miller, George Newell, S. Nuwander, Bernard O'Hara, John Porter, Cyrus Pearl, R. Edward, W. Rice, A. Robinson, 0. H. Rosenbury, Allis Sminch, C. G. Smith, J. W. Spry, W. A. Stamits, H. J. Stamits, J. Stooky, A. Stooky, A. Swineheart, A.J. Thomas, George Thompson, H. Wiley, J. Q. Watson, Levi Weaver, Solomon Weitzell, C. G. Williams, J. Winchell, Gerald Wyncoop and William Yesey. Many of the recruits, who in 1S62 and 1864 joined this company, were Elkhart men. but in the regimental roster their residences are not given, ar.cl therefore the difficulty of collecting their names fifteen years, after the peace, is almost an insurmountable obstacle to the completion of this roll. However, the county may rest assured that the names given have brought ic sufficient honor, with all tlieir distinguished military services.

G. Hurd, Wentworth Irwin, F. Johnson, M. Kyle, G. W. Keely, A. Knee, IST. Krieble, J. Lay ton, B. F. Lay ton, G. Maybie, I. Marshall, M. McNivey,H. Missler, Patrick Murt, L. A. Money, John Martin, C. Millspough, L. Nolan, G. Pringle, Irwin Robinson, Adam Sliaum, William Sleagle, J. A. Smith, W. Smith, James Smith. C. W. Smith, S. E. Smith, Franklin Stone, Benjamin Stroup, F. Stroup, Geo. Stevens, D. R. Spencer, S. J. True, F. Travener, J. Travener, I. K. AYhite, Jolm D. Wright and Oscar Woodworth. This Company (I), like Company K of the 2d Cavalry, received many recruits during the years 1864 and 1865. The regiment, of which the company foi'med a part, distinguished itself on every field trom Fort Donelson to Chickanauga, and showed a mortal list of 408 men after its term of service expired in 1865.

The 48^/i RegiTnent was principally composed of men from Elkhart and St. Joseph counties. Companies A, H, G, I, were recruited in Elkhart and mustered at Camp Ellis. Companies B, E, F, in St. Joseph, Company K, in Jasper, and Company C, and

D, composed of men from various counties in the State. The officers of this regiment furnished by Elkhart, comprised the following: Colonels, jSTorman Eddy, Edward J. Wood; Lieutenant-Col.,

1. H. Gilman, P. Goeter, Geo. Gongler, 0. F. Harris. I. Hagerman, IV. A. Hitchcock, LI. A. Hnntsinger, C. I. Hurlbut, J. L-win, Isaiah Irwin, S. J. Jones, John Jones, S. Kageries, W. Kelly, L. Kelly, J. Kiplinger, L W. Leitch, J. Leyda, D. Loudenstager, D. C. Larue, J. Marx, G. Mcllvane, Chancey Morgan, B. Y. Peg, L. J. Perkins, S. W. Pitts, A. J. Powers, Jacob Eaefsnyder, A. C. Sodemoclier, G. Yf . Bittenhouse, H. Eosen, S. Rogers, H. E. Robbins, I. W. Sackett, A. Sherman, G. W. Shultz, c' F. Slate, Wm. Shick, D. Shick, J. Shriner, F. M. Silver, S. E. Sneir, J. Spohn, J. St. John, I. B. Stienk, B. Sweet, A. Stutzraan, G. L. Thorpe, J. Thomas, C. Thompson, N. B. IJpson, L. Upson, J. C. Upson, P. K. Upson, M. S. Washburn, H. Wilden, E. L. Wiggins, R. H. Wilson, W. Wineland, A. Zellars. This company was augmented from 1S62 to 1S65 by the addition of 57 recruits.

Company G may be said to be recruited from the manhood of Middlebury. It was mustered into service Jan. 16, 1S62, with the following men of Elkhart in its capital roster: Captains, R. F. Mann and J. H. Lieb; Lieutenants, G. W. Thayer and Henry Kubytshek; Sergeant-Major, F. Black; Sergeants, J. M. Carpenter, M. Kershner, H. J. Blough; Corporals, W. H. Pease, J. C. Wright, James Geraghty; Musicians, Wilson Droy, D. G. Smith; Wagoner, W. L. VauTassel. The roll of the honest soldiers who carried the knapsack comprised tlie names of G. Brown, J. Buckmaster, L. Buckmaster, J. Brady, J. A. Brady, J. S. Buckley, jN". W. Brickford, S. Bouman, Geo. Buchtink, Z. Clark, J. W. Clark, E. D. Congdon, S. Davis, S. Frederick, D. Frederick, J. Frederick, J. D. Gillespie, L. M. Hatck, F. Hass,C. Hochstetler, J. Juday, F. King,

J . Klino-man, J. H. Lieb, E. Larkins, F. Labonet, L. Macllem, F. McWiliiaras, Geo. Ott, Alfred Ott, C. J. Plank, M. Eentfrow, Oliver Remington, Peter Van iN'orman, J. Tonkers. Forty-nine recruits were added to this company from time to time during the war, consisting of men from Elkhart and bordering counties.

Company H, or the German Company of the iSth, was, when mustered in, Dec. 27, 1S61, composed mainly of Elkhart county Germans under Captain Gustavus Paulus, who retired in July following, when the position devolved on Gotlieb Schauble, and ultimately on J. C. McBride. During the progress of the war, J. Rohrig was promoted to a 1st Lieutenancy, and Geo. W. HoUingshed promoted 3d Lieutenant. Sargeants II. Landgraff, F. Held and Philip Kurtz, with Corporals P. Behler, P. Dutch, Charles Maywald, P. Walter, J. Kempf, J. Koehler, H. Heimrich and J. Kurat formed the non-commissioned roll; while the Musicians and Wagoner were H. Sommer, F. Faver and J. Ries. The roster of privates contained the names of F. Abrecht, F. W. Alle, H. Arndt, C. Anderson, H. Bowman, J. Brandel, J. Burkell, H. Carfock, L. Connanz, R. Crone, J. Cnshman, J. Eisenle, 0. Ells, G. Ernst, M. Englehardt, li. Fisher, J. Flore, J. Fossberg, Geo. Giliihofer, F. Gluck, J. Garrow. J. Gutfried, B. Hagle, A. Hausler, F. Harder, G. Hagehnaier, J. Heckmann, T. J. Hildebrand, J. Hohenberger, W. Howell, H. Keil, G. Klaus, C. Klein, S. Kocher, C. Kruse'!^ F. Luchner, T. Maize, C. Malaca, J. Mishler, A. Mickel, A. Mutz, P. Oberle, H. Peters, J. W. Phillips, G. Rapp, C. Rinkenberger, Geo. Ridacker, John Ross, J. Rutf, G. Seibold, P. Schmitt, J. Smith, J. Strauss, J. Stewart, A. Withney, C. Zumbach. 'From January to September, 1864, this force was supplemented by the addition of 51 recruits of various nationalities, who continued service in its ranks until July, 1865.

Company I was mustered in Jan. 2, 1S62, under Captain E. J. Wood, who, on being promoted to the rank of Major, was succeeded by Geo. W. Gibbon, whose term expired January, 1865. The Lieutenancy was generally occupied by Goshen men, viz.: A. S. Fisher, E. S. Foljambe, W. R. Ellis, each of whom merited and received promotion.

The non-commissioned officers and privates included Samuel Connell, E. S. Newton, J. R. McAllister, J. W. Carr, A. J. Richmond, Jas. Att, C. H. Mellis, W. Cany, H. Gates, A. B. Miller, G. W. Gibson, S. A. Raymer, A. Boucher and Patrick Cass, with Privates, I. Alexander, M. Ainswortb,M. Earnhardt, F. Beanblossom, J. D.

Black, M. Blacknian, H. Bloomfield, J. Bloomfield, John Bloomfield, L. Bolenbangh, C. Bass, G. W. Brown, H. Bassett, D. E. Carpenter, A. P. Carr, Cyrns Carr, M. Cavenangh, J. Cook, H. J. Corns, J. M. Crabhill, J. L. Dawson, P. Delsavour, J. Dnniplian, W. Dye, A. Ferguson, C. Tyke, S. Fisher, A. Fribley, A. Funk, H. Funk,",!. Garner, J. W. Griffith, C. Hallet, G. W. Heflfner, J. R. Heffuer, D. S. Herst, W. K. Huiford, M. Jacobs, A. Jennings, N. J. Kenuison, D. Kitchen, I. Lantz, E. W. Lincoln, F. Longer, J. H. Lord, H. Lung, Patrick Malley, J. M. Miltenberger, D. Minear, "W. Munroe, Geo. Morehouse, M. Muckler, B. Myers, A. J. Mc- Clure, N. H. ^em Thomas O'Neil, D. Paughf, A. Philbrook, J. Kamsby, J. Keain, G. Reynolds, L. Robinson, L. Rowan, J. E. Sacket, A. Saxton, J. C Stiles, J. Strait, J. Stump, B. Swaney, D. Swartz, C. Taylor, S. J. Taylor, G. L. Thomas, T. Thompson, J. Walker, J. West, T. West, A. Winchell, Henry Wooster, Albert Wright, R. Zundell, with 71 recruits who joined the company in 1864 and 1865. The iSth lotfaniry lost 213 men in battle from the siege of Corinth to its memorable march from Raleigh to Petersburg, after the surrender of Johnson's C(9?]ps d' armee, and left other indelible evidences of its brilliant career. In the midst of the turmoil and dangers of the field these soldiers maintained an inimitable coolness, and at times when the prospects of the regiment were sunk in gloom, the men rose above the occasion, and made brightness for themselves when all around were enveloped in darkness and despondency. Tlie reminiscences of the soldiers bear out this statement, and leave very little room for doubting the characteristic sano froid which distinguished them from others on many occasions when the patience of the soldier was under most severe trial. Here is a case in point:

"Fall in for picket!" yelled the Orderly-Sergeant. As I buckled on my cartridge-box and otherwise equipped myself, I wondered who would be shot at this time. I had never known of a picketline where there had not been shooting or fighting. The adventure which Mike Casick and I had was still fresh in my mind. The whole regiment was under orders, and in a drizzling rain and to the music of wet drums we formed and marched ofl^. At the distance of three miles from our camps we relieved the old pickets. Five of us were stationed at one post, and for the fii-st time I lield military command. jSTon-commissioned officers were scarce that morning, and I was placed in charge of the squad, with orders to keep the men from strolling off and to enforce rigid discipline. The honor was thoughtlessly bestowed. There was not a scalawag in that crowd with whom I had not "run guard " at one time or another, or been engaged in some other flagrant breach of discipline. " The boys " were deliglited with the arrangement, and the moment the Sergeant disappeared they began to get ready to have a " bully time." I was well aware, however, of the gravity of trifling with duty on a picket line, and a species of civil war immedjateh' resulted. Like able lawyers, the}' quoted precedent after precedent on me, and earnestly urged the organization of -' a jayhawking expedition for good grnb." I remonstrated in vain.

retorted vigorously. From a strictly military point of view the scene and the discussion became decidedly unique. I finally threatened to summon the Sergeant and resign the blushing honor he had thrust upon me, unless tliey would consent to strictly obey orders. Tranquillity was then restored; the rain had ceased, and with boughs and blankets we speedilj' constructed a spacious arbor, and lolled in the shade at martial ease or wliiled away the time, as most soldiei's do, witli the inevitable deck of cards. Our vidette was stationed about fifty yards to the front, to watch for hostile visitors, and our surroundings were peaceful in the extreme, and in happy contrast with all our previous conceptions of picket life. Company C had neglected to bring anj' rations out, having been assured by the cooks that a wagon with water and provisions would arrive in due time. The day dragged by and hunger laid siege to our vitals, but nobod}' could hear the cheerful rumble of that expected cart. A supperless future loomed before us. I yelled for the Sergeant, and in foi'cible language set forth our distress. He was a man of feeling, and comforted us with oaths and invectives, and swore that -' such infernal arrangements had never been made before, and, God granting, would never be again." " Detail a man," he added, " to forage for anything from a chicken to a dead rebel." I knew the man to send. One of our squad was Jim King, subsequently known throughout the brigade as " the celebrated jayhawker." Jim accepted his appointment with evident relish, and passing the vidette, soon disappeared in the green woods. He was absent so long that we began to fear that he might have been captured. At about dusk, however, he returned in triumph with a fat young pig. We skinned it (that was our method of dressing pork), and we hacked and tore it into large chunks. Then, building a hot fire, we broiled the pieces by holding them in the heat at the end of long sticks. No restaurant in the world could have supplied more savory meats. The wagon arrived shortly afterward with crackers, water and other necessaries; we added hot coft'ee to our palatable m.env . and with voracious appetites enjoyed our lawless banquet. We ate up the most of that pig before morning.

however, under a merciless sun, with knapsack, blanket, haversack, rations, canteen, cartridge-box, overcoat, rubber blanket, musket and bayonet, is cjuite another matter and almost enough to tempt a man to quit wearing clothes. That afternoon our route was strewn v/itli blanket?, overcoats, dress coats, and knapsacks crammed with personal effects. The ambulances and wagons were also filled with exhausted men, and the rear giiard liad hard work to keep the stragglers from getting entirely behind. It was our first actual march. The next morning our whole brigade " stacked knapsacks," and we swore that unless the knapsacks were hauled, they might lie where we had piled them. Room was accordingly made for them in the wagons. That day we marched through a hilly and romantic country, and all day long our route was lined with orchards bending beneath the weight of luscious fruit. We helped ourselves without damaging property, and that night the wicked and piratical mess to which I belonged fared sumptuously on green corn, broiled pig, fricasseed goose and stewed chicken, with apples, pears, plums, peaches and the finest melons I had ever seen for dessert. A more delightful country was never marched through. For the first time since we had reached the seat of war we found the inhabitants at their homes and farms, and tliej' watched us without alarm. Our third day's march was similar to the second, the only incident being the shooting of a soldier of the brigade by some incensed citizen while the soldier was getting fruit in an orchard. jMo effort was made to capture the citizen, it being generally understood that ' if you jayhawked you took the chances.' "

Such stories might be related ad lihitum; but let these suffice to show that the soldiers of the 4Sth were fully alive to the great advantages accruing from a maintenance of thorough ecjuanimity, even when the clouds looked darkest over the camp, or when the sun shed his brilliant, burning rays upon the troops in tlieir march. That the 4Sth indulged in innocent merriment under trying circumstances is a fact which should commend itself, since the gay volunteer is to be preferred to the sullen regular. Therefore these little narratives of their pleasure hours may be not only acceptable, but also serviceable, because they lead to a knowledge which tells us how war may be lightened of half its cares.

Edwin L. Billings held the Captaincy of Co. K, 57tli Infantry, for a short period. From the military reports of the regiment it appears that he was the only representative of Goshen in its capital ranks, although many drafted men from Elkhart county belonged to it. and participated in the regimental honors whieli accrued during its term of creditable service. A glance at the military history of the State will show that this was the Ecelesiastico- warrior regiment brought forth by the war. Captain Billings proved a iiseful officer during the draft period.

Company E was mustered in July 35, 1S62^ under Captain M. Baker, whose promotion caused the Captaincy to devolve on W. B. Jacobs, who, on being promoted to the rank of Major, was succeeded by D. P. Deardoff, May 1, 1865. F. B. Rosselwyn, D. H. White and E. A. Platter reached the rank of Lieutenants, promoted from Sei'geancj^ and Corporalcy respectively. G. "W. Albright, A. G. Patterson and 11. W. Sarbaugh served as Sergeants; Jacob Hattel, J. L. Macomber, J. Horn, J. S. Hare, J. W. Lear, S. Truesdale and G. Barns, as Corporals; J. D. Pierson and A. F. Raymer as Musicians, and J. Strayer as Wagoner. The privates were :W. F. Albright, H. 0. Alsbach, J. Aby, H. Brockerman, J. J. Burns, J. V. Banta, J. H. Banning, G. W. Barnhart, S. Barnhart, F. M. Beekner, S. Bottenfelt, J. S. Bertch, A. Bechtel, J. W. Beekner, E. Bozarth, W. P. Chrisman, Eli Coy, J. Conklin, G. L. Coates, T. L.Cross, J. W. Crocker, Josiah Crocker, Patt Crownover, jSTath. Deitz, S. Elser, J. G. Gillson, P. L. Hess, Isaiah Hess, Eli Holderman, J. R. Heltzel, J. Horn, J. IT. Hoif, Frank Johnson, Andrew Jones, Abram Jacobs, Daniel Jacobs, J. Kanga, Patrick King, J. S. Kryder, J. L. Lacy, J. C. Lehman, D. Landan, H. Lorton, J. R. McDowell, H. Mikesell, Hiram Moorehouse, W. F. Metzgar, Jos. Miltenberger, Ed. Minnegar, L. Myers, H. Myers, J. M. aSTash, G. F. Peoples, J J. Plough, G. W. Price, R. Potter, J. JT. Rimer, G. W. Shue, S. B. Slender, Benjamin Violett, Geo. Willis, D. S. Witmer, J. J. Witmer, J. D. Wagner, J. Wittemyer, M. Wires, J. M. Wean, M. Wean.M. V. Yoder. The foregoing formed the original roster of the company; but in August, 1862, and January, 1864, its hinned ranks were strengthened by the addition of the following named recruits: U. Anderson, S. Bechtel, J. R. Brockman, J.

Company G was mustered in August, 1S62, under Captain P. F. Davis, who died in February following. C. B. Mann succeeded to the Captaincy, and on his promotion, Capt. OrvilleT. Chamberlin received the appointment, and continued in the position till the regiment was mustered out. Jackson "Wolverton, Bierce Moultou and Jacob Eyer were Lieutenants in succession. J. H. Benner, "W. H. Durham, H. H. Kenyeu and D. P. "Wyman, Sergeants. E. "W. Broombaugh, F. M. Moebash, W. H. Galloway, G. R. Grove, J. H. Schutt, F. Shelden, Corporals; and "W. A. Albright, C. Shaw and B. Hughes, Musicians and "Wagoner, respectively. In the ranks were J. Alexander, H. Allen, A. Airsman, J. Angelsmyers, "W. Butts, G. Brooks, J. W. Billows, H. H. Brown, H. M. Bedford, F. Carlton, E. Clay, S. B. Cullar, J. J. Chance, T. Chance, H. C. Dodge, J. F. Dygert, Jer. Eyer, J. Ehert, W. Fliger, C. M. Ilency, J. Hill, C. Haines, D. Havourel, S. W. Holderman, S. Haines, J. Hart, D. Huntsinger, L. Holderman (Jacob Holderman, Niles), D. Herrington, E. Hull, "W. M. Jordan, F. Leader, Michael Long, A. Lechletner, J. Lay ton, N. Landes, J. Luckey, B. Lutz, C. E. Landen, S. MuUspaugh, M. Mitchel, J. Markley, "W. Meader, John Mitchell, J. P. Mitchell, J. Morris, M. Mellinger, C. M. Neesbaum, J. Palmer, J. Peasey, M. L. Parritt, L. Philson, J. Pontius, M. Parritt (Mich.), "W. Pitts, "W. J. Bedding, C. A. Randall, Squire Robinson, J. W. Rich, L. Reynolds, T. F. Root, D. Ramer, W. F. Shaw, Charles Schraeder, John Schatt, A. L. Stocking, D. Swartz, H. Shutterly, F. Stiener, H. Twiford, A._ Treys, D. Upling, B. "W. Valentine, L. VanAltstine, J. C. "Woolan, D. P. Zimmerman, John Zimmerman.

Company I may be said to be furnished by Goshen, and was organized in August, 1862, under Captain D. Howell, transferred to lJ:2d Regc; E. F. Abbott succeeded in the command, but being killed at Jonesboro, Ga., in ISC-i, the position was ofiered to and accepted by Chris. C. Beane, after its brief occupancy by C. E. Thompson. These gentlemen, with Edwin L. Barlow, were formerly Lieutenants in the company, so that after their promotion the last named, with C. E. Thompson, held the 1st and 2d Lieutenancy. The Sergeants were J. H. Miller, A. Baer, I. "W. Stetler; Corporals, 0. G. Hutchison, L. H. Randal, D. Kyler, I. L. "Work, John Kiblinger, J. Clivington, M. B. Thompson, John Foster; Musicians and Wagoner, D. C. Fisk, I. X. Giiten and Hamilton Price; Privates. D. H. Armsden, L. Butt, J. Bauman, A.Bloiigli. J. Boner, B. Bine, Isaac Callison (W. Callison. T. D. Callison, Warsaw), I. E. Davis, J. "Davis (A. Davis, Ligonier), S. Delcom, J. W. Dalrymple, H. Dillinghain, C. Evans, D. Epart, E. 11. Slsea, J. H. Freeland, Xelson Fiero, P. Fink, A. Fnller, D. Girten, J. Gonderman, S. Guisinger, S. F. Griner, C. S. Girteu, J. C. Grimes, J. S.Griffith, D. Hire, P. S. Hare, 0. 2A. Honsour, Peter Honsour, Thomas Imel, A. Kitson, J. Long, A. Lombard, J. Lnckey, E. J. McBride, A. Miller, J. Minor, J. D. Myers, J. McCumsey, J. S. Mussleman, J. W. McCoy, W. Pncker, J. Pritchard, A. Ein.k, J. Eeynolds, H. H. Eodibangh, -T. A. Eippey ( John Eippey, Leesburg), S. H. Snyder, J. S. Shank, W. Selburn, D. Snyder, G. Stall, J. Shelline, E. Starks, J. Sloan, G. Simpson, J. Trne:c(E. H. Tremaine, Leesburg), J. LTni'ue, G. W. Unrue, G. F. Wehrly,^ J. W. Wark, with the tbllowing recniits of 1S64: D. J. Miller and F. L. Eoach. Of the above named soldiers, all were from Goslien, with the exceptions noted, and seven others from Millersbnrg, Benton and Elkhart. A reference to the review of this regiment given in the State history may convey a fair idea of the gallant course pursued by the Yith from its first service with the army of the Ohio, through the Atlanta campaign, wherein Col. Baker was killed, to its last encounter Wheeler's Cavalry at Eocky Creek churcli.

In 1864 this company received an addition of 20 recruits to fill up the vacancies in its ranks. From the desperate struggles round Perryville in October, 1S62, to the sanguinary engagement at BentoFiville in March, 1S65, these companies added much in winning for the SSth Infantry its distinguished history. One of the soldiers of the brigade, in relating S'">tne of his war stories, referred in the following ternis to some of his experiences:

" We were sick of the town and longed for new excitements. By 3 o'clock we moved off, the bands of the various regiments filling the woods with music. Our course was toward the railroad station, but before we readied i:, the rising si;u poured a flood of radiance over our 5,000 bayonets, forming a more dazzling spectacle than was ever presented on the dramatic stage. A general impression prevailed that v/e were to take the cars, and thus enjoy an easy though perilous journey, to ourunknown destination A short halt at the town gave color to this pleasing supposition, but the roll of the drums dissipated it, and we pushed on in the direction of the Tennessee river, passing through Beauregard's intrenchments, and then through our own. While marching over that once keenly contested ground we noticed with interest the c[ueer work the missiles of the two armies had made with th vigorous forest flourishing there. Almost every tree bore marks of bullet or cannon shot. Taking a northwest course, we made the distance of flve miles and halted for a brief rest. By this time the heat had become oppressive, and men fell out of ranks by scores. I tiirev\^ my blanket in an ambulance, and was much tempted to throw mj knapsack away. By noon we had marched ten miles, and a halt of two hours was made. A tine cornfield chanced to be precisely where the regiment halted, and although General Grant had just hurled a proclamation at us, prohibiting

" ' He won't shoot the whole army,' was our logic. "We huilt fires and had hot corn for dinner. Our style of cooking it was peculiar. By not removing the green husk, but by laying husk and all in the fire, just as we plucked the ear from the stalk, we steamed the corn in a beautiful manner, cooking it as thoroughly as though it were boiled in a kettle of hot water. An indescribable flavor was also thus retained."

Company D of the 100th Eegiment was recruited in Elkhart county, organized in August, 1862, and mustered in September following. The superior officers of this regiment belonging to Elkhart were: Colonels, A. Heath, Kuel M. Johnson; Major W. H. Venamon; Q. C, A. M. Tuckner; Surgeon, W. C. Matchett; Captain, J. W . Greisinger; Lieutenants, Asa A. Norton, W. J. Myers and J. L. Winans. L. L. Sawyer, Eml. Eirestine were Sergeants; W. C. Eeed, C. S. Terwilliger, W. B. Jones, H. C. Blaine, J. E. Grubb, S. E. Compton, J. Spiker and H. Mishler were Corporals; and G. Arney, Xingu Parks and J. Swartz, Musicians and Wagoner respectively. The names of the soldiers who mustered into the service are as follows: J. Alvine, J. Bowers, J. H. Broderick, A. Brubaker. F. J. Blaine, T. Bickle, TJ. Bender, J. Brondage, J. Black, C. Coleman. J. Crull, L. Carr, W. A. Compton, L. J. Carr, T. Clay, P. Chivington, W. Every, J. Eyer, S. P. Eversole, E. S. Einch, J.^Eirestine, C. H. Gore, W. Gift, L. Hall, J. Harring, S. Johnson, E. W. Johnson, J. L. Keyport, C. E. Kingsley, J. C. Kine, E. Keller, E. Lusher, H. Longsdorft', J. Leedy, A. Myers, J. Mishler, J. Mills, G. W. Mott, S. Mott, Alonzo Miller, Isaac Myers, W. McDowell, J. Morningstar, C. Mann, J. E'eigle, D. E. Newman, J. W. Neikart, J. Overhalt, J. W . Oaks, A. Ott, L. Ott, J. Pletcher, N. E. Palmer. T. Price, D. Pippenger, G. W. Peoples, N. Prickett, W. G. Eapp, S. Eodspaugh, W. W. Eowell, S. N. Eussel, A. Eookstool, Joseph Eookstool, John Eookstool, S. Eeinbold, J. Euple, Isaiah ShuUz, F. Streeley, H. E. Stebbens, H. H. Sheldon, Wm. Stadler, A. Skinner, Henry Swartz, A. J. Tallerday, Wm. Twiford, W. H. Trump, J. P. True, Isaac Voorhees, Wm. Vallance, G. W. Vannotte, M. Wilson, E. S. Williams, H. W. Watters, with the recruits of 1863-4, D. Andrews, S. Geisinger, J. Gephart and J. Spade.

Kistokt Of Elkhart C0U2Jty

of the Union's defenders. From the siege of Vicksburg in June, 1863, under Gen. Grant, to Bentonville in 1865, this company shared in the honors of victory won by the regiment; and in the roll of honor, containing tlie names of 16J: fallen soldiers, Company D holds a first place. In Company K, of the 100th, were J. Q. A. Sherman and Frank Tupper, of Goshen.

Company E of the 129i;A Recjlment was recruited within Elkhart county in lS63-'64, and was mustered into service with the regiment March, 186i. Tlie officers belonging to this company were Captain S. McGnire, prom.oted Major and subsequently

Lieutenant-Colonel. He was succeeded in the Captaincy by E. W. Metcalf. The Lieutenancy was successively filled by Henry Clay, N". "W. Sherwin, Martin L. Duck and W". Kelly. The non-commissioned officers and men comprised: Josiah Kronk, L. B. Grove, J. Clay,

G. Mock, C. Martin, J. Mobley, D. Ort. AY. Overly, W. Potts, A. Parks, J. Bichison, 1S^ Ramer, S. W. Eeist, D. Posenberger, J. B. Powley, W. F. Eowley, G. Eobinson, A. J. Raught, Eoss Eeed, "W". H. Eeynolds, J. Stewart, Jacob Swartz, Amos Swartz, "W". Smith, D. Shirk, D. Smeltzer, P. Seltzer, ISF. W. Sherwin, Michael Touhey, C. Teet, D. Trussle, W. Thnxton, W. TuUy, W. Weed, C. Woodworth, H. Watson, with Jacob McMxillen as the only recruit. From all that lias been written on the glorious deeds performed by the 129th it is unnecessary to make another lengthy reference to it here. Enough to say that, from the battle of Eesaca in Maj', 186i, to that of Franklin in October, and fron:i the successful attack on Gen. Hood's position in December, to Wise Forks in March, 1S65, the men of Company E performed acts of heroism never excelled, and their true bravery was rewarded by a total preservation, since not one of the men fell in battle, although, as was the case at Franklin, it held many objective points. The regiment sulfered severe loss at Franklin; but Company E had only to record a playful wound inflicted on Eli Lntz's finger as he held it above the bastion, and the fatal wounding of E. W. Thomas at Kinstown. This regiment, like many others, enjoyed some of the few hours which war gives to pleasure. It had its corps of " jackhawkers," its minstrels, orators and writers. A soldier of the company, under notice, drew a vivid picture of a day in his military life, which contains just enough to convince him who lias never been a soldier that even in war may be found many things to delight the eye and relieve the soldier's care. He says, speaking of the advance of his regiment on a Southern town:

At noon, on the fourth day, we reached the beautiful little city, situated on a high ridge, containing many fine residences, and with well-graded streets shaded by stately trees. By this time we had ascertained that a small body of Union troops were on the other side of the town, in a rude fortification hurriedly constructed of cotton bales, and that only our timely arrival had prevented them being captured. With flying colors and our bands p")Iaying, we marched through the city. The windows and doors of the houses were filled witli the faces of pretty maidens and ladies, who regarded us with niuch apparent interest, but it was to be regretted that the masculine portion of the community viewed us with undoubted aversion. After moving through the town and making our appearance on the other side, v,-e were saluted with cheers by our lately beleaguered comrades, to which we ardently replied. The enemy had learned of our approach and had qnietly withdrawn. !Kevertheless, several hundred -'contrabands " [the colored race being still in bondage) were busily engaged in felling trees to afford the artillery the desired range. Evidences of a lively skirmish that had recently taken place were abundant. After a lengthy delay our bi'igade marched down to the green banks of the river, and in a magnificent oak forest we pitched our tents. It was a region more suited for tlie haunts of lovers and poets than for the temporary home of turbulent soldiers. Dense leafy canopies shielded from the hot rays of the Southern sun; the air was languid and prompted to I'epose; willows hung in thick n>asses to kiss the shining tide of that sylvan river; fruits and flowers burdened the air with perfume; at night the stars seemed softer and brighter than elsewhere; breezes came from over a land balmy and beautiful, and only our white tents were remindful of gloomy and sanguinary war.

The 136fh Regiment comprised Company K, furnished by Elkhart county. This company was organized M:iy 21, lS6i, for 100 days' service, under Captain Myron A. Hawks, Lieutenants Geo. W. Best and Albert Yates. In the ranks were: J. E. Andrews, R. Alford, C. A. Allen, C. B. Broderick, H. Bechtel,U. A. Beardsley, H. Barber, J. F. Bemberger, D. W. Bonnell, S. Banninger, F. Burns, Tnlly Chamberlain, C. A. Crocker. B. F. Clay, J. A. Carmien, P. Culp, E. L. Cross, W. Carter, H. Druckamiller, E. J. Davis, Frank B. Defrees, M. L. Forbes, H. W. Farver, "W. J. Fowler, B. S. Frazier, S. H. Grimes, C. E. Gardner, A. Y. Goodspeed, E. IT. Huggins, M. Hueston, M. C. Haney, G. Hapuer, E. Hildebiddle, J. H. Huff, W. M. liovey. J. Honk, T. S. Johnson, C-i-. W. Kennison, G. Knox, J. C. Kittle, J. A. Lambs, W. H. Livering, W. H. Miller, A. J. Miller, D. G. Miller, W. Meader, T. D. Morse, E. W. McAllister, Z. A. Macomber, G. E. McDaniels, Ci.

The idea of one hundred days' volunteers originated with Gov. Morton; and his ardent desire to bring hostilities to a close was so participated in by the people of this county, even as of the State in general, that no difficulty was experienced in the formation of the eight regiments furnished by Indiana.

Company D, of the li2d Regiment, was organized in Elkhart county in September and October, lS6i, for one year's service, and Thomas H. Chance commissioned Captain. The other officers from the county wei-e: Lieutenants, David Frankfoder and "William Holland, promoted from 2d Lieutenant and 1st Sergeant respectively. The roster of enlisted men contained the following names: B.H. Curtis, D. R. Longnecker, C. R. Frisby, J. LL^lland, Sergeants; W. J. Wolf, R. G. Bailey, J. Lechlitne"r, P. Weekes, D. H. Winbrener, J. Scott, I. Willis, H. W. Gore, Corporals; A. B. Walverton and James Shewy, Musicians; with Privates E. Y. Adkins, S. Allen, A. Arnspacker, J. Bailey, A. Bell, J. W. Bowman, F. Blyly, J. Brambaugh, J. Balenline, J. H. Bryan, W. J. Blair, H. Bebe, J. Clark, D. Gulp, A. D. Carry, F. 0. Carry, J. C. Cnnningham, J. Debelbns, J. W. Deming, J.Dnnnivan, F. Dusheet, S. Eyer, W. Fletters, A. L. Frakes, D. Fuse, B. J. Funk, J. Grove, Sol. Gruber, H. Guipe, Jos. Hughes, M. W. Henry, Yv\ R. Lindsley,P. B. Lowcks, Wm. Matthews, E. Morris, J. B. Nolan, M. Rone, W. Shewy, Irvin St. John, J. AA^ittmyer, C. H. Whyte, C. F. AVhitson and AVm. Wittmyer. Among the great majority of Elkhart men in this company were a few from the surrounding counties, and nine from neighboring States. Its principal duty was performed before Nashville.

The 152(i Regiment held a fair representation of the military element of Elkhart in many of its companies. In the roll of officers the following names appear: Major Waldschmidt, Capts. H. W. Smith, J. W. Liveringhouse, Lieutenants E. Liebole, J. Scheckles, J. F. Carmien and C. M. Boyd. The roster of enlisted men contained the following names: 1st Sergeant, J. S. Chase; Ser-

B. Stone, G. Stanger, S. Shively, D. Stewart, i). A. Shiner, A. Scott, W. B. Taylor, J. E. Thomas, E. Vesselius, C. T. Williams, and recruit Henry Vesselius.

The 21si Battery, Light Artillery, comprised W. Harper, W. A. Miller, E. W. Cooper, J. W. Cornell, W. L. Cornell, E. Cole, J. Copeland, S. H. Eldridge, H. W. Hickson, W. J. Smith, B. L. Slight, G. A. White, D. Houser, W. Haggerty, H. H. Loomis, of

Of the entire number of men comprised in these regiments, over 3,000 volunteers, volunteer recruits and drafted men were from Elkhart county who, when entitled, received a bount_y of $192,- 611.97; while their families received from the county treasurer the sum of $60,120.48.

The above statem.ent is surelv a record of duty done, and if tlie large proportion of Elkhart troops attached to these twenty regiments be considered, with what pride may their relatives and countrymen look back to the past when they offered up such a number of gallant hearts on the altars of ]:)atriotism, and thus preserved the Republic from a terrible fate - the destruction of a true federalization, by one apparent enemy from within, assisted by unnumbered enemies of liberty from without. Yes, let the people of the present and future follow in the tracks of the illustrious dead, whenever this great country is threatened; and transmit from generation to generation a land of illimitable possibilities, a patriotism incorruptible, a Government at once strong and just, and a set of principles so perfect that they will not only give happiness to the citizens of this country, but' will also lead the people of other trampled lands to carve out for themselves a high road to that freedom which a God intended they should enjoy.

The i'ollowing list of soldiers buried in Oak Ilid2;e was read during the celebration of Decoration Baj, May 30, 1879, by J. "W. Ir'>viD, who presided over the ceremonies.

John Back, Peter Dermoty, Frank Buckers, Lewis Raymer, Andrew Scott, Heniw Hemrick, Heni-y Boreman, Wm. Bresliue, David Studebaker, John Q. Sherman, Asa jSTorton, Capt. Jackson Woolverton, Capt. E. F. Abbott (killed in battle). Wm. Weed, Henry Sarbaugb, Jerry Wysong, Frederick Walters, Capt. E.. F. Mann, Gideon Albright, J. E. Albright, I. B. Smith, Frederick Harter, Col. E. J. Wood, Levi Ganser, Abraham Jacobs, Peter Behler, P. A. Tiedman, Aaron Howard, E. Potts, William Vesey, Eugene Devine, Lieut. W. Crawford Blaine (fell in battlej, James Harris, John Graham (died in home camp), E. W. H. Ellis (commander of camp), Capt. L. J.Croxton, Q. M., Geo. Self, J. W. Butts, John Martin, Perry J. Maine, Miss Hannah Powell (volunteer hospital nurse), Willianj Stevens, veteran of 1S12. diedat the age of 90 years. He took part in the action of Sackett's Harbor.

The Hon. J. D. Osborn delivered the oration appropriate to the day, and in reviewing the heroic deeds of the Amei-ican soldier}', made it the occasion of defining the oft repeated phrase, '- Love of Country," which, as he said, is not merelj- a desire to retain it as an abiding place in which to live and rear our families, bnt it is a love of our institutions, its laws and its traditions, its honor and glory.

The Rev. J. B. Work paid a brilliant tribute to the memory oi the dead interred in Jackson Cemetery, on the same day. In giving the names of those fallen soldiers of the Union, it will merely be necessary to quote from the discourse of the orator. " History records that in a battle fought at the foot of Moant Vesuvius between the Romans and Campagnans, the Roman Counsellor, Decins, to inspire his troops, caused himself to be set anart as a sacrifice to the god of war, and thus arrayed rushed on the enemy, sword in hand, bravely fighting till he fell all covered with wounds. But we boast not of the one, but of the thousands, of the sons of Columbia who led the forlorn hope, - Donelson and Corinth, Ma- nassas and ChickaiDHUga, Xasliville and Petersburg, - whose ashes to-day sleep peacefully in the national cemeteries. From among you went forth fathers, and husbands, and sons. Some returned maimed and disfigured for life; some came home to die, and some came cold in death, and to-day sleep in your beautiful city of the dead." Mr. Work then named the gallant men who now occupy a small space in the cemetery: E. M. Hubble, Jas. Corns, Lewis Corns,

John Lupes, Bushong, Gross. " Peace be to their ashes; they sleep in quietude among their kindred, awaiting the coming morning of immortality." His wish found an echo in the hearts of his hearers, and thus the memories of the dead were honored in the cemetery of Jackson.

The idea of this annual celebration is fully shown forth in a recent address of the " Grand Army of the Republic" to the soldiers and sailors of the State of Indiana. It states: " It is fitting, therefore, that we, from time to time, gather in pleasant reunion to commemorate those days of common danger, common suffering, and yet withal of warmest fellowship and kindliest sympathy. Let companions in arms, long separated, take this opportunity once again to meet around the peaceful camp-fire to renew the friendships of the living, and to keep fresh the memories of those who died that the nation might live." This is the language of the noblest part of humanity; for, since every great cause, every civilizing reform, and every attempt of chained tyi'anny to ride rough-shod over liberty, requires the sacrifice of much human blood, it is but just that the comrades and countrymen of the soldiers so sacrificed in battle should assemble at stated times to do honor to the dead, and pledge themselves by all the memories which such a meeting awakens, to fight, and die if necessary, in defense of all these holy privileges and great principles that pertain to the Republic.

The Familiks Of The S0Ldiee3

A meeting of citizens was convened at Goshen April 20, 1861, for the purpose of adopting measures for the relief of the families of volunteers, when the following names of subscribers to a relief fund and the amounts contributed wei-e submitted:

This was onlj' the work of an hour, and shows, with the thousands of other evidences, tiie patriotic spirit which animated the people of Elkhart county. They waited not for the county authorities to initiate the fund; but with their proverbial pi-omptitude came forward in support of a cause which was onlv second to the defense of the Kepublic. There were many donations subsequently made by citizens of the county, but tliis list is confined to the initiators of the good work, in token of tlie honor which ever awaits the originators of philanthropic and patriotic movements. Private benevolence held the place of public duty until the September session of 1861. The Board of Commissioners, aware of the pressing necessity for volunteers to serve in the armies of the Republic, and knowing also that many men within the county were desirous of entering into the campaign, it' only an offer were made by the county to provide for their families during their absence, an ordinance was issued, appointing agents to supervise the wants of the families of absent volunteers, and empowering them to provide supplies for each family, such supplies not to exceed the value of $10 per month in each case. The agents thus appointed served without pay, and the list comprised the following names: Charles

A report was tendered by these men to E. W. H. Ellis, County Auditor, on Dec. 3, 1S61, showing the number of families supplied in each township and the amount of money expended in the carrying out of the ordinance to that date. Tliis report may thus be summarized :

Tills would show an outlay, in the case of each of the 101 families, of 810. 72 for the three months ending Dec. 3, or $3.57 2-5 each per month, being $6.i2 3-5 less than the sum actually permitted to be devoted in each instance.

The commissioners, in session, Eebruary, 1S62, amended the original ordinance in some particulars, and suggested that the volunteers engaged in the held, however patriotic their duty may be. are not relieved from the responsibilities which paternity imposes on them, and therefore should contribute, so far as in their power, to the sustenance of their families. This order was doubtless suggested by the great increase in the demand for supplies, for Auditor Ellis' report, presented in March, 1S62, shows the expend-

The following ex].ieiiditures, tor the first six months, will convey a knowledge of the spirited manner in which the county came furward to supply the families of the soldiers:

During the September session of the Board, the township trustees, in charge of the families of absent soldiers, were instructed to report to the county auditor the names of families entitled to support, who would then issue county orders to the trustees for the use of such families. With this change in the form of proceeding the reporting by townships ceased, and a very complicated form was adopted. For this reason, the expenditures, under the head of "supplies to the families of volunteers," for the remaining term will be only briefly noticed, since a recapitulation of the monthly expenditures would prove as unnecessary as' it would extensive. From an examination of the figures on record it will be evident, that up to and including May 31, 1S63, the sum devoted to the support of volunteers' families was $15,141.J:2, and from calculation of the number of Elkhart men in the armies entitled to bounty, and who received such bounty, it appears that no less a sum than $5,126 vras paid out of the county treasury to that date.

June, .$1,008.93; July, $5i0.50; August, §782; September, $757.99; October, $996.83. - Total, $i,085.75. This sum, with the total expenditure for the year ending May, 1863, gives a grand total of $2i,354 disbursed within a period of seventeen months as bounty to volunteers, and for the support of their wives and children. From October, 1863, to May, 186i, a further sum of $7,818.88 was similarly expended, showing an outlay of $32,172.92 for the two years ending May 31, lS6i. The report furnished in June, 1865, for the year ending May 31, 1865, gives the amount expended on volunteers as $18,019.10, and the bounty as $22,329.90, which, added to $32,172.92, brings the expenditure entailed on the county by the civil war down to May 31, 1865, to the amount of $72,521.92, and this sum with $7,019.69, disbursed during the subsequent half-year, mounts up in the aggregate to $79,541.61, expended directly by a county then emerging from infancy. Some thousands of dollars were also expended by the county during the war for the relief of the poor and other benevolent purposes, so that it is not too much to place the direct financial loss falling on Elkhart county, and solely occasioned by an insurrection of slaveholders in defense of a principle opposed to the Republic, at the high figure of $130,000. The indirect losses resulting from that war, and falling heavily on this county, can never be estimated.

Why? So magnificent is the military record of the county that a stranger attempting to write its military history would, without suspecting the greatness of the people, their recuperative powers, or the extent and gi'andeur of their achievements in war, most probably pass it over with a reference to a few regiments, of which he learned a little in the works of former antiqne historians, or perhaps leave it unnoticed. The sacrifices of the people were not made in vain. The county, with a rare power of recuperation, survived its great losses, and though her sons who fell in defense of the Union cannot be restored to this world, their memory lives, and will live on forever, to inspire the future with a full sense of what liberty is worth, and teach future generations to guard it as noblv and faithfullv as they did.

County Fenances And Statistics

There is no more certain index to the ianancial condition of a tree State than its public accounts. So it is with any portion of the State, where the citizens enjoy the liberty of managing their own affairs. iN'ow, since it is conceded that such a statement as is generally set forth in the annual report of a county auditor, or in the annual exhibit of a county treasurer, may be. taken as a sure standpoint from which to judge the financial condition of the county and the wealth of the inhabitants, it is not too much to assume that Elkhart holds a first place among the integral parts of Indiana. To render an examination of the growth of the county, as shown by its revenue, more convenient, let us select from the foregoing table a decennial statement. In 1S30 the good old Board of Justices received through the county treasurer and other ofiicials the sum of $198.81, of which was disbursed $183.44, leaving a surplus of $15.37. In 1839, ten years after the county was organized, the revenue as reported to the county commissioners reached $3,438.53, the expenditures $5,198.72, showing a sum of $1,760.19 due by the people. In 1849 the receipts are found to have almost doubled in amount, - no less than $6,162.15 being received, of which $5,545.18 were disbursed. The surplus revenue carried forward was $616.97. In 1859 the sum reported to have entered the treasury was $33,020.58, and the sum disbursed $29,777.11, leaving a balance favorable to the county of $3,243,47. Ten years later, in (575)

1869, the sum accounted as received by the treasurer was $258,- 330.64, and that disbursed $118,710.09, showing a surplus ot $139,620.55. This large revenue was doubtless due to the sale of bonds or debentures to meet the outlay occasioned by the public improvements then inaugurated. The value of such bonds passed into the hands of the county treasurer in the ordinary form, and moneys so received were disbursed in payment for the labor expended on such public improvements and in the administration of county affairs, leaving the huge surplus to the credit of subsequent years. It was a wise provision on the whole, and though the taxation was high, it passed by unnoticed, and prepared the way for paying off at once the large sum of money voted for the erection of the beautiful county building whiclmow rises a monument to the tax-payers of the period. Provision had also to be made for many radical reforms in other works pertaining to the people, and this precaution tended to the prompt payment of the public accounts within a very few years, together with leaving a surplus fund of over $20,000.

In 1879 the amount received was $155,216.14, of which $118,- 475.58 were expended, leaving a balance of $36,740.86 to be carried forward to the first year of the nest decennial period. The county auditor's statement for 1880 shows that on May 31 a sum of $27,700.88 was in the treasury to the credit of the county, with all bonds redeemed, all public works paid for, the county free from all liabilities, and a magnificent property valued at $190,000. The progress has been most remarkable, though by no means strange. It is the result of an enterprise which seems to be inherent in the people; a peculiar enterprise which places their investments generally above the calculations of the speculator, and leads back wealth to the men who engaged in it. It has been said by Goldsmith in his philosophical poemon the Deserted Village, that where wealth accumulates men decay; but it does not apply here. That fortunes have been won by many of our people is a fact; but that wealth has accumulated here in the sense of the poet, and as the European phase of the case lead him rightly to conjecture, is a question; because here it is made the main spring of industry, keeps a hundred mill wheels rolling, and offers to the people employment and convenience.

Receipts And Expenditures

In the foregoing exhibits the bahinces are carried forward and added to the receipts of the subsequent year. The exi)enditures comprise the special school tax, which is received by the treasurer and disbursed for school purposes only. In the following balance sheet for the fiscal year ending May 31, ISSO, issued by Auditor Heukel, is given a detailed statement of the sources from which this large revenue is derived, and the varied channels through which it is partially returned to the people. It is a financial history in itself, showing almost a dollar to the credit of each member of the population, together with a county property at once extensive and valuable.

showing the value of taxable property from which revenue is derivable, together with a tabulated table dealing with the property of great corporations within the county. Total county tax levied in 1830, $19S.S0|

County Statistics

In 1869 the tax on male doo-s was $1.91S, and on female, $161; surveyors' fees, $50.35; county sinking-fund tax, $22,510; interest tax, $11,270; township tuition tax, $12,539. The large "duplicate" of this year was deemed necessary at the time, because the ei'ection of the new court-house and a genei-al improvement of county property were undertaken this and the next year. The Michigan Southern, then the only railroad in the county, yielded half the tax levied.

The foregoing is certainly a progressive record. The primitive tax duplicate book of 1S30 has given place to large, elaborate books, and the official work in this connection, which the years 1830 down to 1840 entailed on the clerk of the circuit court, is now performed by a county auditor and a county treasurer. The old court-house has passed away and therefore cannot be placed near the new; but the old records remain to be seen, and they bear precisely the same comparison with the county books now in use as did that old court-house with the beautiful county buildings now rising from its ruins. The duplicate of 1830 presented a few items, summing up a total of $198. 80f; the duplicate of 1880 gives two large folios, showing the township statistics arranged under twentysix headings, and the total of taxation, $162,527.75. The transformation scene is complete.

For the purpose of comparing the census returns, we will take some one article of a class. Of animals, we will accept horses; of grain, wheat. The first census taken after the organization of the county placed the number of horses at 1,206; the second, in 1850, at 3,154; the third, in 1860, at 5,476; and the fourth, in 1870, at 7,004. The first ten years, from 1840 to 1850, the increase in the number of horses was 1.948; from 1840 to 1860 it equaled

2,322; and for the ten years ending in 18Y0, 1,528, or a total increase of 7,004 within a period of forty years. A statement furnished by the auditor of Elkhart county to the Department of Statistics in 1879 places the horse population at 9,529, but as the returns were not considered very precise, these figures may only be considered as an approximate to the true number.

The returns for 1840 give 44,504 bushels of wheat; for 1850, 174,716 bushels; for 1860, 370,776 bushels; for 1870, 542,000 bushels, and the county returns for 1879 place the yield at 732,240 bushels. These statistics are evidences of uncommon progress. "Within ten years the old settlers must have 2,225 acres of their rich prairie under wheat alone, i. e., if we may accept twenty bushels per acre as an average product. Presuming that the productiveness of the soil still continued, and conceding that each, acre yielded twenty bushels, there must be no less than 8,736 acres under wheat in 1850. In 1860 the acreage computed on the same basis would mount up to 18,539; in 1870 to 27,100, and in 1879 to 36,612 acres, all under wheat, pi-oducing an average of twenty bushels per acre. Presuming tliat the average rates below twenty, which there is no reason to suppose, unless tlie season was adverse to the growth of cereals, the acreage must exceed these figures, and so far prove more favorable testimony to the farmer's industry. Tlie fact of the cultivators being able to place so many acres under wheat, and still more under other cereals, corn and grasses, is a standard index to the wealth of the agriculturists of the county, and may be also taken as a proof of prevailing prosperity.

Within a period of 50 years, the population has increased 32,881. The greatest addition was made between 1850 and 1860, equaling 8,270, and the least addition between 1860 and 1870.

Iiaekiage Statistics

Another means of judging the progress of the county is to look over the record of nuptial engagements, and make note of the advances in this department. In the case of Elkhart county the task is a congenial one, because it presents to us facts and figures which prove the extent of happy unions effected, and the subsequent benefits falling like manna over the country. To give a full list of marriages is beyond the limits of a historical work; but it is just to notice the brave men and ladies who inaugurated such alliances each year, thereby setting a salutary example for others to follow.

Keg-arding the first marriage and birth which took place within this county, Mrs. Samuel Rensberger stated that her sister, Mary E. Hess, married Jacob Weybright earlj- in 1830, and that the first white male child born here was Jacob Hess, who appeared upon the world's stage June 30, 1830. A Mrs. Wogoman, 7iee Mi's. Susan Nickerson, stated that Mrs. Mary Hush, who lived at the southwest corner of Pleasant Plain, gave birth to a son and daughter May 16, 1828, and that to Mrs. Betsy Skinner was born a son Hov. 9, 1828. This latter and valuable settler lived near Mrs. Wogoman, on the eastern portion of Elkhart Plain. Now, since marriages and births are so closely allied, this introductory reference is in place, and may be considered the preface to the following:

'Barbara Price and David Butts were imited in tlie bonds oi' matrimony by Justice Joseph Cowan on Xov. 7, 1S39. The fli'st old record contains many quaint remarks o£ the clerl;: ot the flrst Circuit Court, aud also of his deputy, W. C. Graves. On the occasion ot the marriage ot LoiL Wilson and Obadiah Cooley, Graves presented the bride with a poetical couplet, and also subscribed beneath, the lines :

Nujibee Of Deaths Indicated By The Appointment History Of Elkhaet Co0Ntt

Many died without leaving anything to administer, and therefore are not numbered in the table. This, however, is the most pleasing manner in which to regard the relinqnishing of the goods of this world by a man of the world. He parted with old and young friends, and died in the consciousness that he left them sufficient means to pursue a quiet and peaceful life in a happy home.