Gibson County, Indiana - Biographical sketches, 1914 (part 6 of 20)

3d throat. Thl.-s material shoulu J collected in handkerchiefs, i " ither in bits of old rags, or toilet I'u- ,r, or on paper nnp'.dn.s. As sooii us led, these rags or papers should be aced m a paper bag kept beside th» id. Pocket handkerchiefs are oft of ftce In the sick room and should not ; the progenitor of this American branch of the Montgomery family in tliis country. He settled near Jamestown, Virginia, hut later moved to Roanoke, North Carolina. His sons. Samuel and Thomas, left Virginia for Kentucky, and later went on to Indiana, where they settled in Gibson county. Thomas Montgomery took part in the war of the Revolution previous to his coming west. The two brothers, Samuel and Thomas, located in Montgomery township, Gibson county, on the line between Union and Montgomery townships, where they entered adjoining farms from the go\ernment, and here they spent the remainder of their lives and reared large families.

Dr. Martin A. Montgomery, the immediate subject of this sketch, is the fifth in direct descent from the Thomas Montgomery who served in the Revolutionary war and came to Gibson county in 1804. Martin .\. Montgomery's father. David B.. was born October 20, 1845, 'I'-s father being John R., Jr., born May 4, 181 7. John R. Montgomery's father was Walter C, born at Roanoke, Virginia, in 1784. his father being Thomas ]\Iontgomery, the same who fought in the war of the Rexolution and came to Gibson county in 1804.

David B. Montgomery spent his l)o\hood on the homestead farm and when he was three years of age the faniil\- mij\ed to the place where he has since resided. He was educated in the district schools of his township and grew to manhood under the parental roof. When he reached his twenty-first year he felt the need of further education and started to high school, where he spent two years in diligent study trying to prepare himself for the ministry. Before entering the ministry he taught school for three years, when he became a home missionary and preached for some years. His health, which had never been of the best, was now severely injured by a sunstroke. However, despite his poor health, he continued his studies and took charge of several churches. His zeal for doing good was so strong within him that he neglected his health and consequently he reached the point where he was compelled to forego further work in the ministry. Upon giving up his ministerial charges, he returned to the farm where he has continued to reside. However, his work on the farm has not !<ept him from active participation in church work, and during all the years which he has lived on the farm he has taken a very active interest and part in all the church work of his community.

On October i. 1874, David P.. Montgomery was married to Nancy Jane Smith, the daughter of John Martin Smith. .Mrs. .Montgomery died on. Alarch 24, 1899. To this union were born two children, Martin .\.. the immediate subject of this sketch, and Leana A., the wife of George R. Simpson, and they have one child, Darwin U., who is now attending school at Oakland City College. David Montgomery is still actively associated with the General Baptist church of Owensville and has been secretary of the home mission board for the past thirty-nine years. At the present time he is also president of the board of trustees of Oakland City College. Mr. Montgomery has always taken an interest in the welfare of the General Baptist church, and in 1882 he published a comprehensive history of this denomination, tracing its growth from its organization in 161 1 up to 1882. His second volume was "The Montgomerys and Their Descendants," which was published in 1903 by J. P. Cox, of Owensville. This \-olume was followed by "Life of Dr. A. D. ^^'illiams," late president of Oakland City College. He is now engaged in the preparation of his fourth volume for publication, entitled "John Roberts and His Descendants."

Martin A. Montgomery, son of David B. and Nancy J. (Smith) Montgomery, was born June 20, 1875, two miles northeast of Owensville. When he was a small boy his parents moved two miles and one-half southeast of Owensville, where he grew to manhood. His early education was secured in the district schools of his township, and this was supplemented by a college course at Oakland City College. After his graduation from this institution, he entered the University of Louisville in 1895, and completed the medical course of that institution in the spring of 1898. Immediately upon his graduation he began the practice of medicine in Owensville, and has continued in the active practice in this place until the present time. From the spring of 1904 to the fall of 1912 he was in partnership with Dr. J. R. Montgomery. As a physician he has built up a large practice and by his scholarship and his skill in treating those needing his services he is accounted one of the most popular physicians of the county. His work as a physician has been recognized by his town in his appointment as health officer by the town council. He has also served two years on the town council, and is now a member of the county pension board. He and Dr. J. R. Montgomery are surgeons for the Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad Company and, by virtue of this fact, are members of the American Medical Association of Railway Surgeons. He is also a member of the Owensville and Gibson County Medical Society, the State Medical Society and the American Medical Association.

On October i, 1899, Dr. Martin A. ^lontgomer}- was united in marriage to Josephine Strehl, the daughter of Sebastian and Sarah (Goolman) Strehl. The father was a native of Germany, his birth having occurred on June

22, 1S47, i" Rhinefalz, Bavaria. He was a son of Sebastian and Barbara (Denlar) Strehl, and grew to manhood in his native country, where he followed the trade of a tailor. Upon reaching his majority, he came to America, settling in Evansville, this state, later moving to Linnville, Pike county, this state, where his brother resided, and there spent about a year, after which he located at Boonville. Two or three years later he went to Rockport, but soon returned to Boonville, where he continued in his work as a tailor for about three years. His health failing, he was compelled to give up indoor work and turn to outside occupations. At this time he came to Gibson county and settled on a farm near Owensville, where he has been engaged in farming since. In 1878 he was married to Sarah Goolman, a native of Crawford county, Indiana, the daughter of Joseph Goolman. To Mr. and Mrs. Strehl have been born four children, Josephine, the wife of the subject of this sketch; Frank, agent for the Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad Company at Owensville; Daisy, the wife of Dr. Jesse Emerson, a dentist of Owensville, and Be) via, deceased. Mrs. Martin A. Montgomery spent her girlhood on her father's farm near Owensville. After completing the course in the common schools she was a student in the college in Vincennes, and after her graduation from this university she taught two years in the primary department of the schools at Owensville. To Doctor and Mrs. Montgomery have been born two children, Harold Martin and Maxine Lucile.

Fraternally, Doctor 3iIontgomery is a valued member of the Tribe of Ben-Hur and takes an active interest in the deliberations of that order Mrs. Montgomery is a member of the Order of the Eastern Star. Mr. Montgomery is a member of the General Baptist church and Mrs. Montgomery i.s an earnest and faithful member of the Methodist Episcopal church of Owensville, and they have always taken an active interest in all that pertains to the welfare of these denominations. Doctor Montgomery is an honored citizen of his community, not only as a physician and public official, but as a citizen who takes an interest in every movement looking toward the l)etlermcnt of his community. His value to the place honored by his residence cannot be estimated by the ordinary standard, since a physician in any community occupies a most peculiar position. As a conservator of public health he is the most important man in any community, and if to his duties as a physician he adds those of a public official he serves a double duty to his community. Not only has Doctor Montgomery been a valued physician and excellent town official, but in all those things which go to make up the typical good citizen, he measures up to the highest standard.

S68 Gibson County, Indiana James B. Gamble

Success in this life is almost always won by the truly deserving. It is an axiom demonstrated by all human e.xperience that a man gets out of this life what he putg into it, plus a reasonable interest on the investment. The individual who inherits a large estate and adds nothing to his fortune, cannot be called a successful man. He that falls heir to a large fortune and increases its value is successful in proportion to the amount he adds to his possession. But the man who starts in the world unaided and by sheer force of will, controlled by correct principles, forges ahead and at length reaches a position of honor among his fellow citizens, achieves success such as representatives of the two former classes can neither understand nor appreciate. To a considerable extent the subject of this sketch is a creditable representative of the class last named, a class which has furnished much of the bone and sinew of the country and added to the stability of our government and its institutions.

James B. Gamble, the well-known attorney of Princeton, is not a native of Gibson county, although that is the locality with which he has identified himself so firmly, having first seen the light of day in Carmi. Illinois, on December 19, 1S53. He is the son of Robert and Nancy (Crowder) Gamble. Robert Gamble was a native of Baltimore, Maryland, and the mother was born and raised in White county, Illinois. Mr. Gamble was early bereft of a mother's tender care, as he was but six months old when she died. There had been another child in the family, but it is also dead. The father took as his second wife a Mrs. Bradshaw, who bore him three children. Mr. Gamble's occupation was that of a carpenter, and when the Civil war began he enlisted in the Eighty-seventh Illinois Infantry, commanded by Col. J. M. Crebs. He was among the many unfortunate ones who never came home again, as he died in the service while his regiment was at Memphis. Tennessee.

James B. Gamble received his earliest instruction in the public schools of Carmi, Illinois, afterward coming to Fort Branch, Indiana, where he attended high school. It was his desire to fit himself as a school teacher, and in this he was .successful, teaching in the Gibson county schools for five years. However, this young man had still higher ambitions and was received into the office of Judge William N. Land, of Princeton, where he took up the reading of law. After diligent application to his chosen profession he was admitted to the bar in August, 1877, since which time he has been practicing in Princeton with the exception of six years. This was from July, 1900, to

Mr. Gamble early became interested in politics, identifying himself with the Republican party, and by this party was twice elected mayor of Princeton, sereving one term of four years and one term of two years.

On October ii, 1883, Mr. Gaml)le was married to Naomi J. Land, daughter of Judge Land, with whom he had lieen associated in the early days of his profession, and who receives specific mention elsewhere in this work. To this union have been born three children. Vesper I-., aged twentysix. John H., aged seventeen, and William O., aged fifteen. All of the children are still at home, the family circle being unbroken. Mr. Gamble belongs to the time-honored body of Free and Accepted Masons, and has advanced in this as far as the chapter work. He is a member of blue lodge No. 231 at Princeton, and is a member of the IModern Woodmen of America.

Mr. Gamble is too well and widely known to make it necessary to add that he is a man of integrity and sterling worth, who holds the honor and respect of his community. He is one of that admirable body of men who can justly style themselves "self made," and have just cause for pride in their accomplishment. By his unfailing ambition and strict adherence to right principles, he has won for himself an enviable name .ind his wide influence is willingly extended in behalf of every deserving enteqirise tiiat has ff)r its object the advancement of the moral welfare of the comniunit\-.

Simon French

The gentleman whose name heads this paragraph is widely known in Johnson county and is one of the honored citizens of Union township, where he is living in honorable retirement after a strenuous life of activity in connection with agricultural pursuits. His well-directed efforts in the practical affairs of life, his capable management of his business interests and his sound judgment have brought to him prosperity, and his life demonstrates what may be accomplished by any man of energy and ambition who is not afraid to work and has the perseverance to continue his laI)ors in the face of any disaster or 'discouragement that may arise. In all the relations of life Mr, French has commanded the confidence and respect of those with whom he has been brought into contact and a l)iographical history of tliis bicality would not be com]ilete without a record of his career.

Simon French was born March 5, 1846, on the old French farm in Patoka township. Gibson county, Indiana, and has spent practically his entire life in this locality. The father, Phillip French, was born on February 12, 1807, in the state of New Jersey. In early manhood he went to Danville, Kentucky, where he was employed at his trade of brick mason and plasterer. On October 7, 1837, in Kentucky, he married Ann DeMott, a native of that state, born on November 22, 1816, and eventually they came to Gibson county, Indiana, by wagon and he entered forty acres of wild land, on which they erected a typical pioneer log cabin. The land was covered with a dense growth of timber and efforts of the most strenuous character were necessary in order to put the land in shape for cultivation. Mr. French put a puncheon floor in his cabin, made a stick chimney, and in every respect their home was a typical frontier place. Mr. French cleared and improved this place and lived there until the end of his life, his death occurring on November 5, 1855. His wife survived her husband many years, dying in 1894. Mr. French was a successful farmer, raising also a great deal of live stock and, in addition to his agricultural pursuits, he was frequently employed by the neighbors as a mason and brick-layer. At the time of his death he was the owner of one hundred and forty acres of good land. He was a Democrat in his political views, and in religion his wife was a member of the General Baptist church. Widely known throughout this section of the country, he was highly respected and esteemed by his entire accjuaintance. To him and his wife were born the following children; Peter, born September 11, 1838, lived in this county and also in Kansas, where he followed agricultural pursuits. He is now deceased. He married Melinda Keys, and after he died she became the wife of Squire Weed, of Fort Branch. John J., born January 15, 1839, died in early youth. Mary Ellen, born January 30, 1840, died unmarried. Martha Jane, who died April 24, 1841, became the wife, of William Landfair, of Maxim Station, Indiana. Ephraim, born November 24, 1843, died at the age of nineteen years. Simon, the immediate subject of this sketch. William, born December 29, 1S50, is a farmer near Dyersburg, Tennessee. Philip B., born February 9, 1856, is a farmer in Union township, this county.

Simon French had but little opportunity to secure a school education, but, being studiously inclined, he acquired a large and accurate fund of general information, being considered a well-informed man. He remained with his parents until he was twenty-five years of age, when he was married, and soon afterwards bought a farm of fifty-three acres in Patoka township. The land was partly improved, but Mr. French at once went to work and brought it up to a high standard of agricultural excellence. He also bought the old homestead farm, on which he hvecl for ten years, when, in 1903, he moved to Fort Branch, where he is now Hving retired from active labor. He owns a number of vahiable farms in this county, and has in all, in Patoka and Union townships, seven hundred acres of fine land, being numbered among the most substantial citizens of his section of the county. He has always followed farming and stock raising as a vocation, and has met with phenomenal success in both of these enterprises. Starting in life in a small way. he has, with most persistent industry, stead\- perseverance and good management, gained quite a competency and is numbered among the county's wealthy citizens.

In 1871 Mr. French married Louisa Davis, a native of I'atoka town- .'^hip, Gibson county, Indiana, the daughter of Samuel and Jane (Barker) Davis, the mother a native of Owensville, Indiana, and the father of South Carolina. The latter was a farmer during his active life, his later residence being in Patoka township, this county. They were the parents of six children, namely: George; Louisa; Bentley; Mary, who lives on the old home place; Ella, who married Frank Kimmer, or Princeton, and John, who also lives on the old home farm. To Mr. and Mrs. French have been born seven children, of whom six are living, namely: Rosie. the wife of Henry Martin, a farmer in Union township, this county : Vada, who died in early youth ; Jesse, who lives on a part of the old homestead farm: Samuel, also a farmer on part cf the subject's farm; Stella, the wife of Owen Stephens, of Patoka township, this county; Mary, the wife of Wilbur Strickland, of Princeton, and Barney, a farmer in Patoka township.

Politically a Democrat, Mr. French has for many years been an active participant in local public affairs, though never actively seeking office on his own account. Religiously, he and his wife are earnest and faithful nienil)ers of the Regular Baptist church. Personally. Mr. l->ench is greatly esteemed by his neighbors, and his name stands for upright conduct and a high standard of manhood and citizenship.

Willis H. Tictifxor

From the time of Tubal Cain the artificer in iron has lieen one of the most important factors in civilization. He it was who forged the first implements of the field and the weapons of war. The iron worker made possi1>le the mail-clad knight of the Middle .Age'^ and later the cannon which changed the whole course of civilization. Tn all the communities nf Indiana the blacksmith made all the tools the farmer used, the axes, the saws, the hoes and the horseshoes. The blacksmith was the original iron foundryman, the first iron manufacturer, and without him no community could long exist. In the treaties which the United States entered into with the Indians of Indiana in the early history of the state, it was always stipulated that the Indians were to be supplied with a blacksmith. He was as essential to the community in its industrial life as was the minister to its religious life and the teacher to its intellectual life. Even to this day no community could dispense with the blacksmith, and for these reasons too much honor cannot be accorded this important occupation. Among the men of this occupation in Gibson county, no one stands any higher than does Willis H. Tichenor, the subject of this review.

Willis H. Tichenor, the son of Timothy M. and Elizabeth (Hudelson) Tichenor, was born in Owensville, Indiana, on October 8, 1850. Timothy Tichenor was a native of this county and followed the trade of a blacksmith all his life. His shop in Owensville became the center of an extensive trade and by his remarkable skill in ii'on work, he became one of the most important men in the whole county. No one can gainsay the fact that a good blacksmith is a big asset to any communit}', and especially was this so at the time when he was following the trade. Shortly before his death, he went into the saw-mill business in Owensville and followed that occupation very successfully. Timothy Tichenor was born July 11, 1829, was married December 24, 1849, a"d his death occurred January 3, 1895. His wife, Elizabeth Hudelson, was born November 9, 1831. To them were born eight children: Willis H., the immediate subject of this sketch; Daniel Crawford, who married Louisa Roberts, lives on a farm about four miles north of Owensville and has one child, Elsie; Luther M., who married Almedia Daugherty, lives on a farm one mile south of Owensville and has four children, Mary, Anna, William and Hazel; William Seward, who lives with his mother in Owensville, she being now past eighty-two years of age; Florence, who married John Daugherty, a farmer of this township, is the mother of two children, Oscar and Frank. After the death of John Daugherty, which occurred in 1 910, his widow married Elmer Coleman, also a farmer living about two miles east of Owensville; two children who died in infancy.

Willis H. Tichenor spent his boyhood days in Owensville, securing his education in the common school of his home town and learning the trade of a blacksmith in his father's shop, and continued in this occupation until about a year before his marriage, when he went into business for himself.

About 1S90 he sold out his blacksniitliint;- fslahHsliincnl and enttTc-d into the implement business across the street from his old shop. He is the agent for the Deering and International Harvester Companies. He carries a full and complete line of farming implements of all sorts and has a large patronage throughout the county. No man stands higher in the communuy as a business man than does Mr. 1'ichenor.

Willis H. Tichenor was married Hist in December, 1S74, to Louisa Lucas, the daughter of Francis and Mary (Mauck) Lucas. This union was blessed with four daughters, Mary, who died at the early age of two years; Florence Belle, the wife of Arthur Brown, a farmer living near King's Station, is the mother of two children, Eunice and Mildred: Nellie W., the wife of Robert Redman, a farmer of this township, and they have four children, Eva, Howe, Birdena and Eugene; Emma Ethel, the wife of Francis Thompson, a blacksmith of Owensville, and they are the parents of three children, Paul, Raymond and Mary Elizabeth. After the death of his hrst wife, Mr. Tichenor married Elizabeth (Williams) Barker, daughter of Perry and Nancy (Meadows) Williams, ami to this union were born tour children, \Varren, who died at the age of three years; Wallace P., who married Eva Speer, and lives in Owensville, following the trade of a blacksimth with his father; he has one child, Charles Willis; Erma, who is still at home with her parents, and Earl W., deceased.

Mr. Tichenor has always adhered to the principles of the Repuljlican party, but has ne\er been an office seeker, although he served for two terms as councilman in the town of Owensville, at the same time with Henry Dugan and Lewis Whitenbaugh. Fraternally, he is a member of the timehonored order of the Free and Accepted IMasons, and has always taken an active part in the workings of that organization. He and his wife have been loyal and earnest church workers during their long residence in this county, he being a member of the General Baptist church of Owensville, and a deacon of that denomination at the ]jresent time, while his wife belongs to the Regular Baptist church. They contribute liberally of their substance to the supjjort of their respecti\e churches. Mr. Tichenor, by his industry and sound judgment, has been very successful m the management of his business and well merits a place of honor in this history. He has always been upright in his dealings with his fellow citizens and, because of his .sterling qualities, he has made friends of all with whom he has come into contact. He has always actively identified himself with all those movements which have for their purpose the bettering of the moral, social or intellectual life of the communit\- in which he lives.

Jacob W. Mauck

Poets often tell the truth and the old song which contains the refrain, "The farmer feeds them all," states a very fundamental and economic truth. Without the farmer the rest of the country would starve within a week despite the large amount of food in cold storage. Every occupation might be done away with but farming and people could live, but a total cessation of farming for a very short time would actually depopulate the whole world. A man can live without banks all his life, but deprive him of his bread and his career is soon ended. Farming is becoming an honored profession ; our district schools are teaching it as a science and our colleges are granting degrees for agricultural courses. The farmers of any community sustain the people dependent on every other profession. Without the farmer the banker would close his doors, the manufacturer would shut down his factory and the railroads would suspend operations. Among the honored men of Gibson county, Indiana, who help to keep the banker, the manufacturer and the railroads is the subject of this sketch.

Jacob Warrick Mauck, son of Thompson G. and America (Knowles) Mauck, was born August 25, 1852, one and one-half miles northwest of Owensville, Gibson county, the father and mother both being natives of this county. They were married in 185 1, and immediately moved on to the old Rutter farm, about three-fourths of a mile east of the old homestead, where they lived for six years. He was engaged in general farming all his life and also bought and sold considerable live stock. For a number of years he was also agent for the old wooden binder in this county. They were the parents of five children: Abraham, who married Margaret Johnson, lives in Denver, Colorado, where he is engaged in the lumber business, and he has seven children, Harvey, May, John, Myrtle, Joseph, Ethel and Thompson; Asa, who died at the age of thirteen: Matilda married Henry W. Smith and lives on a farm between Owensville and Princeton, and has three children, Mrs. Nora Armstrong, America, who died at the age of two years, and Earl R. ; John A., who married Ada Robinson, is a traveling man, and they have two children, Bernice and Hilda; Jacob W., the immediate subject of this sketch. Mrs. America Mauck died in 1891, and in the fall of 1892 Mr. Mauck married Augusta Emerson, of Gibson county. Thompson G. Mauck's death occurred in August, 191 1, his widow surviving him two years, dying in the spring of 191 3.

1876, to Lucy, the daughter of James S. and Parnieha (Davis) Mounts. Her father is a native of this county, his birth occurring about two miles south of Owensville. He followed the occupation of a farmer all his life, his death occurring on his farm on February 21, 1899. His widow survived him several years, her death occurring on August 5, 1908. They were the parents of eleven children: Abijah; Joseph Lane, deceased; Silas L., deceased; Elijah, deceased; Lucy, the wife of the subject; Mary; Martha, deceased; Ida A., the wife of Jefferson Welborn, a farmer of this county; Flora, deceased; Oscar, who married Flora Armstrong, is a farmer of this county, with five children and one who died in infancy.

Jacob W. Mauck spent his boyhood on the farm, attending the schools of his neighborhood in the winter seasons, and working on the farm during the summer. Early in life he decided to make farming his life's work and two years before marriage he began farming for himself, renting ground from his uncle, Samuel Mauck, of this township. He continued operations on this farm after his marriage until 1879, when he had the misfortune to have his house burned down. He then moved to the Jackie Simpson farm of fifty acres, where he remained for two years. Feeling that he could better his condition by buying a farm of his own, he purchased the Beard and Davis farm four miles north\\est of Owensville, from his brother-in-law, Silas L. Mounts. On this farm of one hundred and twenty acres he farmed for thirty-two years, bringing it to a high state of cultivation and improving it in every way. He stocked his farm with the best stock obtainaljle and proved to be a very successful agriculturist. Upon the death of his father, he mo\'ed to his father's old place and remained there for about two years, when he moved to Owensxille in .\ugust, 191 1, having been appointed trustee of Montgomery township in February of that year. Mr. and Mrs. Jacob W. Mauck have four children : Xora, who died at the early age of two years; Asa, who married Mary Robb, lives on his grandfather's old farm, and he is the father of three children, Irene, Warren and Arva; Elijah, who died in 1897; George, who married Ethel Bush, lives on his father's old place near Owensville.

Fraternally, Mr. Mauck is a niemljcr i)t the timc-hdnored urder of Free and Accepted Masons, at Owensville. and takes an active interest in all the workings of this organization. Politically, he has always affiliated with the Democratic party and has always taken a live and active interest in the affairs of that political body. His sterling worth as a citizen and business man was recognized, by his appointment as trustee of his township in Februarv. lou, and for the short time that he has been in the office he has di.scharged its arduous duties to the entire satisfaction of the community and township. Mr. Mauck is a quiet and unassuming man, of genial disposition, firm in his convictions and one who has always looked out for the best welfare of his township. As a public official he has shown an honesty and integrity which stamps him as a public citizen which makes for the best in our civilization. He has gained his success through legitimate and worthy means and stands today as an honorable type of the self-made man.

Henry White

Examples that impress force of character on all who study them are worthy of record. By a few general observations may be conveyed some idea of the characteristics and worthy career of Henry White, for many years a well known farmer of Gibson covmty, Indiana, who is now living in honorable retirement in Patoka township, having, through his industry and perseverance, accumulated a competency. He has pursued the even tenor of his way in a quiet and unostentatious manner which never courts publicity, attending strictly to his own affairs, doing the right as he understands it and keeping his conscience void of offense towards God and man. It is not a matter of wonderment that the elements of a solid and practical nature, which unite in his composition, should win him a conspicuous place in his community, when we learn that he comes of a sterling family, a family that believed not only in keeping busy along legitimate lines of endeavor, but also in living up to the highest standard of citizenship in every respect.

Henry White was born in Westphalia, Germany, in November, 1834. the son of William and Minnie (^ Schulmeier ) White, both also natives of that place, where they lived and died. They were farming folk and people of eminent raspectability in this community. They were the parents of four sons : William, who died in Germany ; Henry, the immediate subject of this sketch; Charles, who came to America in 185 1, and was taken sick and died at Cairo, Illinois; Ernest, who is living in Germany. The subject had but little opportunity to attend school in his native land, and as a boy he was hired out in order to reduce the expense of the family. When a lad of fifteen years he started to America alone, coming on a sailing vessel, and, after a rough and stormy voyage of eleven weeks, the boat having been held at Bremen for two weeks, they landed at New Orleans. The experiences of this journey will never be forgotten by those who took part. When they crossed the North sea it was very rough and cold, and the subject froze his feet so badly that he could not walk, and when they reached the Atlantic ocean in March the sea was calm and the weather mild. The captain ordered all hands on deck, so they could fumigate the .shij). They look tar liuckets and, heating irons very hot, put them in the buckets io fumigate, and the tar caught fire and caused a panic among the passengers, who rushed in every direction. The subject, however, was unable to walk, and was badly frightened before the danger was over. There was much sickness, as well as vermin on the ship. After landing at New Orleans the subject came up to Princeton. Indiana, where he obtained employment with John Irvin for a short time, and then worked on a railroad eight miles west of Vincennes, Later he returned to Gibson county and worked in a saw-mill for Cleveland Polk, west of Princeton, on the Marsh creek, on the Owensville road, where he helped cut the timber from the land. He was married in 1863, and soon after settled at Cherry Grove, west of Princeton, where he remained about three years, and then went to Warrick county, this state, near the south line of Gibson county, and remained there for eleven years. He then ^btained one hundred and sixty acres of land in White River township, Gibson county, which had on it an old log house and stable, and there the subject made many permanent and substantial improvements, cleared the land and created a splendid home. Here he reared and educated his children and carried on general farming and stock raising in such a way as to not only win a comfortable competence, but also a reputation as a good business man.

On January 22, 1863, Mr. White was married to Mary Guise, who was born in Indianapolis. Indiana, on December 1. 1S44. the daughter of William and Mary (Grover) Guise, the father a native of Germany and the mother of Pennsylvania. William came in young manhood to America, locating in Indianapolis, where he engaged in the baking business, at which he was an expert. In 1852 he came to Gibson county, and bought a farm in Patoka township, where he spent the remainder o^f his life, his death occurring at the a.ge of sixty years. His wife died at the age of .seventy-three years. He was a Lutheran in his religious belief, while his wife was a member of the Baptist church. They were the parents of eight children, ^^ary, Mrs. White; Nancy, the widows of George T. Burton, of Princeton: Sophia, who became the wife of Charles Hisey, a farmer of Patoka township: .Augustus, of Oak-- land Citv. Indiana: \Mlliam. a retired farmer in Princeton. Indiana: Christina.

the wife of P>ed Hasselbrink, a farmer in Patoka township; Henrietta, d^^ ceased, the wife of John Kiefer; Lizzie, who remains single and is Hving in Indianapohs. To Air. and Mrs. White have been born four children: Emma, the wife of Fred Kohlmeier, of Center township, where he operates a farm. They have eight children: Myrtle, who died at the age of eleven years; Sadie, the wife of Fred Gasper, a farmer in Center township, and they have two children, Freda and Henry; Henry, a teacher at Francisco, and John, Leroy, Ethel, Ruth and Fred, Jr., at home. Albert White, who is a successful farmer in Patoka township, married Annie Plasselbrink, and they have five children, Arthur, Althe, Adelbert, Henry and an infant daughter, dead. Sallie S. White became the wife of Thomas Carithers, a farmer in Patoka township, and they have one son, Kenneth, living and one son dead. Cassius, who also is a farmer in Patoka township, married Ida Key, and they have two children, Kermit and Leland.

Mr. White retired from active farming operations in 1900 and settled on the old home place, north of Princeton, where he bought a ten-acre tract, and is now comfortably situated and able to spend the rest of his days in comfort and quiet. He and his wife are faithful and earnest members of the Methodist Episcopal church and they take a deep interest in all religious efforts. Mr. White derives great comfort from the reading of the Blessed Word. He has always been a staunch Republican in politics, though never very active in public affairs. A man of splendid personal character, because of his correct life and his genuine worth, Mr. White has long enjoyed the good will and confidence of his neighbors, and he is eminently worthy of representation in a work of the character of the one at hand.

Columbus Emerson

The twentieth-century farmer knows very little of the disadvantages which surrounded the pioneer farmer of this state. No longer is the farmer compelled to rise earlv in the morning and continue his labors far into the evening. The farmer of today can do as much work in a half day as his father could fifty years ago in a whole day. The free mail delivery leaves the daily paper on his doorstep each morning; his telephone puts him in communication with his neighbors, while the interurban car and automobile enable him to participate in all the features of city life. The present generation of farmers have no forest to clear, few swamps to drain, while hundreds of inventions designed to lighten the labors nf the farmers have been put into their hands. The flail of our fathers has given way to the threshing machine of today and even the old-fashioned corn cutter is laid on the shelf and the corn is now cut by machiner)-. The old-fashioned shucking peg has given way to the modern corn husker, and, surrounded by such conditions, the farmer of today can have all the advantages of the citizens in the city with few of his disadvantages. The pioneer farmers are fast passing away and within the next few years they will be gone. The subject of this brief biography is one of those farmers who struggled in the early fifties and sixties of our state's history to build for himself a comfortable competency on the farm. Columbus Emerson has known what it was to clear the forest, to drain the swamps, to buikl the roads through the morasses, to cut wheat by hand and perform all those multitudinous tasks which fell to the lot of the pioneer farmer.

Columbus Emerson, the son of Jesse and Margaret (^Redman) Emerson, was born July 28, 1842, in Johnson township, Gibson county, Indiana. Jesse Emerson was born in Kentucky, the son of Reuben Emerson, and came to this county early in life. Reuben settled in Johnson township, between Cynthiana and Haubstadt. Margaret, the wife of Jesse Emerson, was born in Adair county, Kentucky, and lived there until she was about six years of age, when her parents moved to Montgomery township, this county, and purchased the farm northeast of Owensville, where her father's death occurred shortly after the close of the Civil war, while her mother lived a few years longer, her death occur'ring at Princeton.

Columbus Emerson is one of eight children burn to Jesse and Margaret (Redman) Emerson: Reuben, Charles, Logan, Columbus, the immediate subject of this sketch; James J., Mrs. Augusta Mauck, Josephus and Mrs. Martha W. Smith. Columbus was reared on his father's farm and enjoyed all the advantages, as well as the disadvantages, incident to farm life at that time. Here he learned those habits of industry and economy which have characterized him throughout his kjng career in the county.

In i86s ^Ir. Emerson was united in marriage to Sarah Skelton. the daughter of Joseph and Nancy I Montgomery) Skelton, and they are the parents of five children, namely : Mrs. IMorton Woods, who has one daughter, Edith, lives two miles north of Owensville; Joseph, who married Agnes Pegram, has three children. Herman. Hildred and Eugene, and lives four miles north of Owensville: Jesse D., who married Dai.sy Strihl. has one son.' Robert, is a dentist at Owensville: Otis married .\nna C. Cnsliman, and has five children, Earl, Mark, Byron, Eleanor and Margaret, lives on the old home place four miles northeast of Owensville belonging to the subject's father; Gussie L., wife of W. Oscar Dougherty, lives two and one-half miles southwest of Fort Branch, and they have one son, Doris. The mother of these children died about twelve years after her marriage and subsequently Mr. Emerson married Mary A. (DePriest) Dougherty, of Owensville, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. W. Franklin Dougherty, and her death occurred in 1903. In 1905 Mr. Emerson married Mrs. Hannah J. (DePriest) (Baldwin) Mounts, who was born between Princeton and Patoka, the daughter of James M. and Rebecca (Devin) DePriest. Her father was born near Nashville, Tennessee, and was brought in infancy by his mother to this state, his father having died in Tennessee. James M. DePriest grew up on the farm and after his marriage farmed for a short time. Before the breaking out of the Civil war he moved to Princeton, where he engaged in general merchandising, and for a period of nineteen years he was in partnership with a Mr. Mauck, the firm being known as Mauck & DePriest, and was located on the northwest corner of the public square. Rebecca Devin, the mother of Mrs. Hannah J. Emerson, was born near Devin Hill, north of Princeton, the daughter of James and Hannah (Chapman) Devin, the father having come from Pittsylvania county, Virginia, with a number of others of the De^'in family. His father, Alexander Devin, was a Baptist minister, and is buried at Princeton. Her mother, Hannah Chapman, came from on Barren river, near Hartford, Kentucky. She lived on her father's farm north of Princeton until she was fifteen years of age, and then moved with her parents to Princeton, where her father engaged in general merchandising. In June, 1865, she married John L. Baldwin, and resided in Princeton for a time, later removing to the West, where her husband engaged in business. They were the parents of four children, Anna, who died in infancy; May, the wife of William L. Jones, of Carlisle, Indiana, and they are the parents of eight children; John, who lives in St. Louis, has one son, John W. Baldwin, of Indianapolis, is a railroader; ^Vill, who married Myrt,le Mills, has five children, three of whom are living, is in the railroad shops at The Dais, Oregon. John L. Baldwin died in 1874, and his widow afterwards married John Mounts, and lived at lola, Kansas, on a farm. There were two children by this marriage. Myrtle and Fred. Myrtle died in infancy and Fred is a sailor on a Pacific coast vessel. Mr. Mounts' death occurred in Princeton in 1900, and his widow continued to re- .side in Princeton until her marriage to Mr. Emerson in 1905.

ship, this county. His whole life has been spent in civil pursuits with the exception of three years which he spent at the front during the Civil war. His military record is a matter of congratulation among his friends and is a pride to his country. His career as a soldier was attended with the same good fortune which has followed him in his civil pursuits. Brave and true, lie well deserves, however, the success with which he met while gallantly serving in defense of his country's flag during the Civil war. He enlisted in Company B, Sixty-fifth Regiment Indiana \^olunteer Infantry, and was assigned to duty in the Army of the Ohio. From the date of his enlistment, August 9, 1862, until the close of the war, he was in every campaign of this regiment. He served through Tennessee and saw Sherman to Atlanta, where he fought in that memorable summer's campaign around that city. From Atlanta he went back to Nashville with Thomas and later, after the bloody battle of Stone River, in January, 1864, his regiment was transferred to Columbia in eastern Tennessee. In the summer of 1864 he was on duty in the Carolinas and followed after Joseph W. Thomas to Greensboro, North Carolina, where he was stationed when Lee surrendered to Grant, and on April 8, 1865, at the close of the war, was mustered out with an honorable record. During this period of three years he was in more than fifty battles and skirmishes and vet he was fortunate to come through unscathed.

Immediately after the close of the war ]Mr. Emerson came back to his home county, and after a short time he purchased a farm five miles north of Owensville, which he continued to operate for a number of years, and then sold it and bought his father's old farm, where he lived until 1904, when he retired from active farming operations and mo\ed to Owensville, where he still resides.

By his industry and good business jutlgment. Mr. Emerson now owns two hundred and eleven acres of fine land in this county, one hundred and one acres in Union township and one iuindred and ten in Montgomery township. During his long career in this count)' Mr. Emerson has stood for everything which tended toward the bettering of the moral and intellectual life of the communitv. He and his wife have been life-long members of the Cumberland Presbyterian church and have contributed liberally of their means during all these years toward the support of that denomination. Mr. k'nicrson is also one of the oldest members of the Free and Accepted Masons in the county.

It is interesting to note that Mrs. Emerson's first husband was a valiant soldier during the Civil war and spent several months in the notorious Libby prison before he was liberated. Mrs. Emerson's grandfather, James Devin, was in the battle of Tippecanoe in 1807. Her great-grandfather, Alexander Devin, was one of the forty-three members composing the first constitutional convention of Indiana in 1816. He was one of the two delegates sent from Gibson county.

The mother of Columbus Emerson died June 6, 1889, his father's death having occurred several years before, on November 6, 1878. Mr. Emerson is a type of the sturdy pioneer, who has brought the agricultural interests of our state to the present state of perfection. During his long residence in this county he has seen all of the modern improvements gradually introduced into farming. As a citizen no one is more highly respected in the county than is he, and as a veteran of the Civil war all delight to honor his name.

James E. Beloat

To make a success of agriculture it is necessary to be something more than a hard worker. A farmer might labor from dawn to twilight every day in the year and yet fail to accomplish much; there must be sound judgment and discretion exercised at the same time, a knowledge of soils, grains, live stock, and, in fact, general business. The man who accomplishes much as a tiller of the soil and the manager of a landed estate in these days should be accorded a place along with the men who succeed in other walks of life, for often it requires more ingenuity and courage to be a farmer than anything else that claims the attention of men in the world of affairs. A brief review of the life and career of James E. Beloat, retired agriculturist, of Haubstadt, Gibson county, will suffice to show that he has achieved success in his life work partly because he has worked for it and partly because he was a good manager and a man of proper habits

James E. Beloat was born April 8, 1853, in Johnson township, Gibson county, Indiana, the son of George and Martha (Reel) Beloat, both natives of the same township and county, the father being a son of James Beloat, who was a native of Scotland, and the mother a daughter of Henry Reel.

The subject's maternal grandfather, Henry Reel, who was one of the early settlers in Gibson county, first located near Patoka, removing shortly thereafter to Johnson township, where he bought a piece of land from John J. Neally, the first postmaster of Princeton. Here he settled with his family, later taking up government land, and on this place he raised a family of twelve children and lived to a ripe old a.^e. In addition to his agricuUiiral pursnits. he drove a stage for a time between Evansville and \incennes. He was a man of great energy and action and a leader in his time. During the Indian wars in Tecumseh's time Mr. Reel took an important part in the suppression of the troublesome redskins.

The subject's grandfather, James Beloat, was of Scotch descent, although he was born in America. His immediate ancestors hailed from the highlands of the land of Bobbie Burns and spoke the Gaelic language of that section. At the extremely early date on which the grandfather settled in Gibson county, the country was in an almost primitive condition and Indians were quite numerous in that vicinity.

George Beloat. father of the subject, purchased the land wliich he occupied during his lifetime from his father-in-law. Henry Reel. He enlisted, in August, 1862, in the First Indiana Cavalry and served with his regiment until honorably discharged in 1865, being woundet! while in the service, but not seriously. At one time his entire company was captured. Among them was a private, a Missourian, who had previously been taken prisoner and liad taken the oath of allegiance to the South. Knowing that as a Confederate prisoner he would be shot, he decided he might as well be killed in attempting to escape as in any other way, so decided to make the effort. He was joined by the subject's father and three others, all of whom were successful in eluding the sentries and reaching the Union lines in safety. George Beloat was a representative citizen, an elder in the Presbj-terian church for thirty-one years, and when he died in 1902, at the age of sixty-two, his demise was mourned by a large circle of friends. His wido\v, who was also a memljer of the Presbyterian church and a woman well versed in the genealogy of the family and in local history, died in 1910, at the age of eighty-four.

To the subject's parents were born six children, who were : James E. ; Thomas, now in Princeton; Marcus lives in Oakland City; Kate, deceased, was the wife of John Fowler, of California; George lives near Fort P>ranch ; Belle married Harter Bell, of Evansville.

James E. Beloat received a good education in the common schools of the district and attended the high school at Fort Branch. On completing his scholastic studies he actively engaged in agriculture on the homestead, and up to the time of his retirement devoted his energies and careful thought to the development and improvement of his holdings. Starting with one hundred and sixty acres of the home place, he has gradually acipiired additional land as he was prospered until at the time of his retirement he was the possessor of two hundred and thirty acres of splendid land on which he conducted general scientific farming and stock raising, taking especial interest in the latter branch of the industry. For a number of years Mr. Beloat bred Durham Cattle from the best registered stock, but when the Hereford, or whiteface, cattle came in, he turned to them and afterward raised large numbers of the latter breed. The soil of his farm is exceedingly fertile, due, no doubt, to his intelligent rotation of crops, and it has more than a local reputation for large crop production, as high as one hundred and ten bushels of corn having been raised to the acre.

Mr. Beloat was married in February, 1873, to America Brumlield, of Vanderburg county, Indiana, daughter of David Berry Brumfield and Elizabeth A. (Redmond) Brumfield, he a native of Vanderburg county, Indiana, and she of Warren county, Kentucky. The grandfather of Mrs. Beloat was Berry Brumfield, who came to Indiana in pioneer days and spent almost his entire life in this state. The father of Mrs. Beloat was a farmer who lived near Owensville and was a consistent church member and an honored citizen.

To Mr. and Mrs. James E. Beloat has been born one child, Estrella, who is the wife of John Bryant, of Fort Branch. The subject and his wife occupy a nice residence in Haubstadt, where they are spending the evening of life in content, surrounded by friends and enjoying a well earned respite from the toils and cares of a busy and useful life. They are consistent members of the Presbyterian church, to which they contribute liberally of their means.

Arthur Perry Twinefiam

Indiana has been especially honored in the character and career of her active men of public service and the professions. In every section have been found men born to leadership in the various vocations, men who have dominated because of their superior intelligence, natural endowment and force of character. It is always profitable to study such lives, weigh their motives and hold up their achievements as incentives to greater activity and higher excellence on the part of others. These reflections are suggested by the career of one who has forged his way to the front ranks and who, by a strong inherent force and superior ability, controlled by intelligence and right principles, stands today as a leading man of his community and state. Mr. Twineham has an enviable reputation as a lawyer in a community noted for the high order of its legal talent, while as the representative of his community in the Legislature of his state, he conducted himself with honor to his constituency. Success is methodical and consecutive, and Mr. Twineham's success has been attained by normal methods and means, the determined application of mental and physical resources along a rightly defined line. A selfmade man in the truest sense of the term. Mr. Twineham is eminently deserving of representation in the annals of Gibson county.

Arthur Perry Twineham is descended from sterling old Scotch-Irish parentage on his paternal side, and from excellent Pennsylvania Dutch stock on the maternal side, the striking qualities of both of which seem to have entered into his make-up, giving to him the many desirable characteristics which have helped him cheerfully over rough places in his struggles for success, which might well have discouraged one of less optimism. Mr. Twineham was born in Switzerland county, Indiana, .\ugust i6, 1847, the son of William S. and Sarah Ann (Brant) Twineham. One other son was born to this union, Francis M., who died in Kansas twelve years ago, at the age of fifty years. Though the Twineham family, as above stated, is of Scotch- Irish descent, the name seems to be of English origin. The father of the subject, William S. Twineham, was born in Switzerland county, Indiana, in 1823, and died in 1888. He lived in the same county all his life. He came from a family of tanners, which trade he also followed. The mother of the subject was a native of Franklin county. Indiana, born in 1823 and died in 1889. The grandfather of the subject was Arthur Twineham, a tanner, who was born and passed his life in Switzerland county, Indiana. He married Miss Johnson and reared a large family. His father, the great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was William Twineham, who came from Kentucky to Switzerland county, Indiana, in 1802. He was a merchant. His wife was a Stuart and they were the parents of a large family. The family name is still well known in Kentucky.

Arthur Perrv Twineham received his elementary education in the countrv schools of Switzerland countv and at the old Ilarlsville .\cademy in Bartholomew county. When a boy of fourteen. Mr. Twineham worked in a woolen mill and from thnt on has worked his own way in life When only seventeen vears of age, he and a cliuin ran away from their homes to Ohio where, in 1864, they enlisted in Company I. Fifth Ohio Cavalry. This was Kilpatrick's cavalry, which shared the hardships and later the honors of the famous march to the sea. He was mustered out of service July r. 1865. After his services to his coimtry were tlnis discharged, Mr. Twineham attended Wabash College at Crawfordsville, Indiana, for three years and was graduated from the literary department of Indiana University at Bloomington in 1870. For a short time he taught school at Rockville, Indiana, and also at Greenfield, Indiana. This was merely a stepping-stone for him, for soon he was received into the office of the Hon. Daniel Vorhees at Terre Haute, Indiana, where he took up the reading of law. He later attended Indiana University for training in his chosen profession, and also studied one year in St. Louis. He came to Princeton in November, 1873, and has since made this place his home. From the very first he has taken an active interest in politics.

Mr. Twineham has been twice married. His first wife was Letta R. Behymer, a native of Switzerland county, by whom he had one daughter, Gertrude, wife of Dr. Charles A. French, of San Francisco, California. Mrs. Twineham died July 23, 1890, and on November i, 1894, he took as his second wife Agnes Lockhart, of Princeton. Three children have been born to this union, Arthur Perry, Jr., aged eighteen, Charlotte, aged sixteen, and Mary Agnes, aged thirteen.

Endowed by nature with such traits as make one a natural leader, Mr. Twineham has had heaped upon him such honors as his city and county can give, although he has never sought an office of any sort, and has discharged all duties to the satisfaction of his constituents. Mr. Twineham has been city attorney, county attorney, and in 1884-5 served in the lower house of the Indiana Legislature. He was mayor of Princeton in 1907-8, resigning from that office to fill the position of postmaster of Princeton, to which he was appointed by President Roosevelt. This position he held for four and one-half years. He was a delegate to the national convention in Chicago in 1888, at which Benjamin Harrison was nominated for the Presidency. He served as county chairman for the Republican party from 1878 to 1882, and as district chairman of the first congressional district. He was a member of the Republican state committee from 1882 to 1886 inclusive. From President Harrison he received an appointment to the Round Valley Indian commission and served in California in 1892. He was the. Republican nominee for Congress from the first district in 1892, but was defeated, and at the next convention at which his name was also mentioned, former Senator Hemenway received the greatest number of votes. Mr. Twineham is the present commander of Archer Post No. 28, Grand .\rmy of the Repulilic, of Princeton.

Through the years of his residence in this locality, Mr. Twineham has been true to every trust reposed in him, whether of a public, professional or private nature, and has comniandctl the respect of all who know him. Possessing a kindly and genial disi)osition. he readily makes friends and is a very agreeable companion. Gibson county has been dignified by his life and achievements and he is eminently deserving of ibis fccbk- tribute to his worth as a man and a lawyer and politician.

Matthew W Ii..M.

In the daily laborious struggle for an honorable competence and a solid career on the part of the average agriculturist there is little to attract the casual reader in search of a sensational chapter; but to a mind thoroughly awake to the reality and meaning of human existence there are noble and imperishable lessons in the career of an individual who, without other means than a clear head, strong arm and true heart, directed and controlled by correct principles and unerring judgment, conquers adversity and, toiling on, finally wins not only pecuniary independence but, what is far greater and higher, the deserved respect and confidence of those with whom his active years have brought him in contact. Such a one is founil in the person of Matthew Wilm, successful farmer and the present efficient trustee of Johnson township, Gibson county, Indiana.

Matthew Wilm was born March 27, 1806. in Johnson township, Gibson county, the son of John Wilm, a native of the fatherland, having been born in the town of Reiterswnes, German}-. The subject's grandfather was also named John, and he emigrated to America in 1857, with his family, locating near Evansville, Indiana, and later moving to Gibson county in about 1859 or i860, and taking up his residence in the town of Haubstadt, where he lived the life of a retired farmer, dying in the sixty-fifth year of his life.

John Wilm, father of the subject, first followed agricultural pursuits in his own behalf on a farm located about one-half mile west of Haubstadt, contmuing in that location for four or five years, when he purchased land two miles west of Haubstadt, where he spent the remainder of his days, his death resulting from tvphoid fever in 1S82 in his forty-sixth year. His untimely death in the prime of life was greatly deplored by the community in which he resided, for he had gained a position of prominence among his neighbors and was loved and respected by his fellow men. To the subject's parents were born four children, namely: Mary and Magdalene are deceased; Matthew ; John is a farmer in Johnson township.

Matthew Wilm spent his bo3'hood days in Johnson township, assisting in the woric on the home place, and securing a good education in the public and parochial schools. When he attained to the age of twenty years he purchased a farm one mile south of Haubstadt and engaged in general agricultural pursuits and stock raising, and by a course of wisely applied energy and judgment has increased his original holdings of eighty acres to two hundred and forty acres, all of which splendid farm is under a high state of cultivation. His home is one of the best and the outbuildings are modern and convenient.

In 1908 Matthew Wilm was chosen by his fellow citizens as township trustee and he is still the efficient incumbent of that responsible office, his public acts having met the entire approval of his constituents.

Mr. Wilm was married on October 12, 1886, to Bina Greubel, of Johnson township, daughter of Adam Greubel, a native of Germany. This union has been blessed by the birth of nine children, namely: Margaret is the wife of Benjamin Oing, of Johnson township; Frank, Lonie, John, Magdalene. Matthew, Lizzie, Raymond and Lucille are at home.

Mr. Wilm and his v.'ife are devout members of St. James Catholic church, to which they contribute liberally of their means, dis])laying a deep interest in the many worthy benevolences of that parish.

Among those who stand as distinguished types of the world's workers is the gentleman whose name appears at the head of this paragraph, who is one of the able and honored physicians and surgeons of southern Indiana. A man of fine intellectual and professional attainments, of most gracious personality, of strong and noble character, and one who has labored with zeal and devotion in the alleviation of human sufifering, he is clearly entitled to representation among the progressive and enterprising citizens of Gibson county, Indiana. He is devoted to his chosen calling and has lent honor and dignity to the medical profession, having due regard for the highest standard of professional ethics and exhibiting marked skill in the treatment of disease.

James R. Montgomery, one of the most prominent physicians and surgeons of this county, was born September 16, 1879, in Gibson county, and is the son of Samuel Newton and Melissa (Redman) Montgomery. Samuel Montgomery is also a native of this county and has been a prominent farmer of his community all his life. He is now retired and lives at Cvnthiana.

Mrs. Samuel Montgomery was a native of Posey county, this state, and died on December 26, 1913. They were the parents of five children: Otis L. ; James R., the immediate subject of this sketch; Ruby, who married Willis E. Roe, an attorney of East Chicai^o, and they have two ciiildren. Fern and Luella; David Wilbur married Ethel Williams, and is a dentist at Evansville, Indiana; Essie, deceased.

Doctor Montgomery spent his boyhood days on the home farm, securing his elementary education in the common schools of his neighborhood and in the high school at Owensville. He continued his education in Valparaiso University, graduating from that institution with the degree of B. S. in 189S. After teaching school two years in his home township, he entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Chicago, in the fall of 1900, and took the four years course of that institution, graduating in the spring of 1904. Throughout his whole college course he took advantage of every opportunity and finished his medical course with honor to himself. Immediately upon his graduation he returned to Owensxille and entered upon the active practice of his profession.

Doctor Montgomery was married August 25, 1905, to Cora A. Knowles, the daughter of Isaac and Martha (Cantrcll) Knowles. Her father was a native of this county and followed the occupation of a farmer all his life. His death occurred in February, 1907. Mrs. Montgomery's mother was also a native of this county, and is still living on the old home place. They were the parents of si.x children, Mrs. Ada Gardner, whose husl)and is deceased, and who was married again to Joseph Davis, of Owensville, Indiana; Miss Lere Knowles; Cora A., the subject's wife; Roy and -Loy, twins, and Luther, deceased. To Doctor and .Mrs. Montgomery ha? been born one child, Arvid N.

Politically, Doctor Montgomery is a Repulilican. but has never sought any public preferment from his party, being content to devote all of his time and attention to his constantly increasing practice. He is a quiet, unassuming man, and is rapidly building up a large practice in this county. His broad human SAinpathy, technical abilitv and skill are placing him in the front rank of general practitioners in this section of the county. Xo one can measure the beneficent influence of good physicians, for their remarkable power goes hand in hand with the wonderful laws of nature that spring from the very source of life itself. Doctor Montgomery is true to his profession, and earnest in his effort to enlarge his s])here of usefulness, and therefore he is a benefactor to all of his fellow citizens, for him thev trust their safety, their comfort and. in many instances, their very lives.

William H. Pritchett

It is at all times very interesting to compile and preserve the experiences of the old soldiers who went to fight their country's battles during the slaveholders' rebellion of sixty years ago. These gallant old fellows are fast passing away, and we should get all of their experiences first hand, before they pass away and leave no record. It is important that we preserve these personal experiences, for after all those are the events which make history. What would history be worth were it not for the vivid actions of the individuals ? That is all there is to the splendid histories of ancient and modern times. The story as told by one who passed through the bloody experiences of four years of struggle and was in numerous battles, marches, campaigns, and, perhaps, prisons and hospitals, is far more interesting than if narrated long hence by some writer who may distort events out of their true historic significance. One of the honored "boys in blue" who can recall many interesting reminiscences of the great civil conflict of the sixties is William H. Pritchett, who, after a successful life as a farmer, is now living retired in the town of Fort Branch, Gibson county, Indiana.

William H. Pritchett was born December 9, 1837, ^t Lanesville, near New Albany, in Harrison county, Indiana, the son of John L. and Mary (Jones) Pritchett. John L. Pritchett came to the Hoosier state in an early day and was married while a young man to the subject's mother. After her death, he married his deceased wife's sister, Margaret, and later moved to Patoka township, Gibson county, where he engaged in farming the remainder of his days, dying here at the age of seventy-six years. He was a man of industry and integrity, and was highly respected in the community where he resided.

On the removal of the family to Gibson county the subject of this review went to Terre Haute, Indiana, to work. However, the call soon came ringing through the land for volunteers to fight in the great war between the states, and Mr. Pritchett enlisted in Company B, Seventy-first Indiana Volunteer Infantry, Colonel Toppin, of Terre Haute, being in command of the regiment and Ca])tain McKinney of the company when mustered out. Being mustered in at Indianapolis, the body of troops was sent to Richmond, Kentucky, where it was engaged in the struggle before that place in opposition to Gen. Kirby Smith. In this, their first engagement, they were defeated, lieing outnumbered almost seven to one. The soldiers of this regiment, together with those of other regiments, were taken prisoners, but in the darkness of that night tlie subject and a comrade nanie.l William Hansel, from New Goshen, crawled through the weeds and made their escape. Eluding the Confederate sentries, they remained concealed in the woods until daybreak, when they struck a pike road and started for Lexington, which they reached that evening. Their regiment lost two hundred and fifty men in this battle. General Smith being unable to take the prisoners with him, they were paroled and all returned to Indianapolis in order to recruit, where they were reorganized as the Sixth Indiana Volunteer Cavalry, under command of Colonel Biddle, Colonel Topping having been killed and Captain McKinney mustered out. Proceeding immediately to Nashville. Tennessee, they joined General Sherman's command and took up the pursuit of Hood as far as Atlanta, from where Mr. Pritchett's regiment went to Macon, Georgia, and destroyed the bridge and railroad, tearing up the track for a distance of some five miles below Macon. Here they had expected to join General McCook, but his force had been so badly cut up by the Confederates that he missed connections, so that the subject's command, on attempting to rejoin the main body of Sherman's column, was surrounded by the enemy and taken prisoners. Air. Pritchett had previously been promoted to the rank of sergeant, and was in command of twenty-five men engaged in this hazardous task of cutting the lines of communicatii;>n. Many were taken prisoners, but the subject was among the few who were fortunate enough to escape. Ijeing in the enemy's country, it was a case of every one looking out for himself. Mr. Pritchett struck out for Colonel Adams' regiment, the First Kentucky, and on finding them joined Company F and went with this regiment to Alarietta, Georgia, where he rejoined his old command, the First Kentucky's term of enlistment having expired at that time. They again started in pursuit of Hood, General Sherman's command starting on its famous "march to the sea.'' They took part in the fight at Franklin, Tennessee, where they fought until dark, killing a great many of the enemy. They then retired into Nashville, General Hood following, and in the brittle which ensued the Union forces were victorious, but the subject's regiment, having been dismounted, was unable to again take up the pursuit of Hood. Returning to Pulaski. Mr. Pritchett was honorably discharged as a sergeant, and later mustered out at Indianapolis.

Returning to Terre Haute, the scene of his former labors, ]\Ir. Pritchett engaged in mining, following that vocation for some years, and then removed to Gibson county, where he took up farming and followed it until his retirement.

W. H. Pritchett was married three times, his first wife having been Indiana Pursell, and to them were born two children, John W., who is in the telephone and telegraph business, and Gertrude, deceased. After the death of his first wife Mr. Pritchett was united in marriage to Martha Funkhauser, and to this union were born two children, Medie, who lives in Union township, and James Calvin, of Clinton, Indiana. The mother of these children having passed away, Mr. Pritchett was married to his present wife, who was Jessie Reed, and they are the parents of four children, Agnes, Jerry, Hovey and Floyd.

Lycurgus L. Kern

For many years the subject of this brief biographical review has occupied a very conspicuous place among the agriculturists of Gibson county. His career has been that of an honorable, enterprising and progressive man, whose well-rounded character has also enabled him to take an active interest in social and moral affairs and to keep well informed concerning the momentous questions aft'ecting the nation. In all life's relations he has commanded the respect ^nd confidence of those with whom he has come in contact, and his upright life has been an inspiration to the many friends who know him well and are familiar with his virtues.

Lycurgus L. Kern was born February 18, 1839, at Cynthiana, Posey county, Indiana, the son of Nicholas and Mary (Boyle) Kern. The father was a native of Pennsylvania and came to Indiana in pioneer times, engaging in teaching nearly all his days, he being a scholarly man and one who commanded the respect and admiration of his fellow men. He died in Putnam county while the subject was young, Lycurgus Kern being his only child.

After securing such education as could be obtained in the primitive schools of those days, the subject learned the tinner's trade, and engaged in this vocation until about twenty-six years ago, when he became interested in the coal business. He has also to some extent engaged in agriculture, being the owner of one hundred and sixty acres of good land in Patoka township, three miles from the town, which his son Joseph rents and cultivates.

Lycurgts I.. Kkhx Girso.V Coixtv, Indiana

etta Wallace, daughter of Thomas Wallace, who also was nunihered among the sturdy pioneers of this section of the state. Thomas Wallace, who was a farmer and miller, is now deceased. 'V'< the union of the subject and wife have heen horn eight children, namely: I-".ll;i: [ose])h X., as before mentioned, runs t!ie hcjnie farm; I'.mnia 1... who is living at home, is employed as a clerk in Gilbert's store: .Marie married a .Mr. I'.ucklin and lives in Princeton; .\nna, who was the wife of W-d il(ill)rook, is deceased; Curtis is deceased; Jes.se has succeeded to the coal Inisiness formerly run by the bubject; Edith married John Gibson.

Mr. Kern was a member of the band connected with the I'ifty-eighth Regiment Indiana \"olunteer Infantry during the dark days of the Civil war. He attempted enlistment three different times, but on each occasion was rejected oij account of bad eyesight, so he finally got into the service by joining the band. He served with this organization during 1861 and 1862. and his persistency in the efforts he made to join the I'nion army and his eventual accomplishment of that desire is but an e\ani])lc of his tenacity of purpose and faithfulness to ideals which has made him so successful in the battle of life.

Fraternally. Air. Kern is a faithful and appreciative member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, while his family are attendants on the services of the United Presbyterian church. ATr. Kern takes an abiding interest in whatever tends to advance the interests of his community, and because of his honesty and habits of .strict attention to his business affairs, together with his neighborly friendliness, he is held in popular favor, as is also each member of his familv.

As long as historv endures will the .\merican nation acknowle<lge its indebtedness to the hemc-s wb... l)etweeu 1X61 and l<%5, fought for the preservation of the Union and the honor of that starry banner which has never been trailed in the dust in a single polemic struggle in which the country has been involved, .\mong those whose military records as valiant soldiers in the war of the Rebellion reflect lasting honor upon them and their 'lescendants is the gentleman whose name forms the caption for this paragraph. He is a well known citizen of Gibson county, where lie lias long maintained (38) his home and won an honored name by virtue of his consistency to truth, honesty and right living. Therefore he is eminently qualified for a place in the present work.

John Mangrum was born January 9, 1842, in old Johnson township, Gibson county, Indiana, the son of Trafton Mangrum, of Johnson township, and Eunice (Boren) Mangrum. of the same locality. The subject's grandfather, William Mangrum, came from Lynchburg, Virginia, to Indiana in 1816, at that date there being but two log cabins on the site of the present city of Evansville, William Mangrum helping to saw the first lumber sawed in that city. He took up government land about three miles west of Haubstadt and, clearing away the dense timber, built a home. In additipn to his labor on his land he was engaged in the freighting business, driving a six-horse team between Evansville, Vincennes and other points. The maternal ancestors were also pioneer settlers, they having located about a half mile west of the land entered by the grandfather. The maternal grandfather was John Boren, who was born in Tennessee.

William Mangrum and wife reared a large family, his death occurring in his fifty-seventh year. Some of his children settled near the homestead, one of them, however, going to Iowa. The subject's father got a place of his own in Johnson township in what was then and is now known as F"roggery. He continued to reside there until his death, at which time he was seventyone years and seven months old. One of the successful men of his neighborhood, active in church and school matters, he was a good citizen in every sense of the term. Of a family of six children, one died at the age of twenty-two, one at twenty-three and one at the age of two years. The three now living are: John; Caroline, the widow of W. F. Martin, of Cynthiana, Posey county, Indiana ; James T. lives at Haubstadt.

The boyhood days of the subject of this review were spent in attending school in the primitive log educational institutions of those days and in assisting his parents in the cultivation of the farm. On President Lincoln's call for troops to defend the Union, he enlisted, on August 16, 1862, in Company F, Eightieth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, under Colonel Brooks and Capt. R. J. Showers, being mustered into the service at Princeton, Indiana, on September 8, 1862. After remaining at the mustering point a few days, the regiment was ordered to proceed to Covington, Kentucky, via Indianapolis, that place being threatened by Gen. Kirby Smith. Stopping at Covington for a week or more without getting sight of the enemy, the force proceeded to Louisville, Kentucky, and joined the army under General Buell. October ist they joined in what was known as the Bragg-Buell campaign, and on the 8th of that month took part in their first engagcnKni ai IVrrvsviUe, Kentucky, where the divisions of Jackson and McCook hore the brunt of the ligliting, Mr. Mangruni being in Jackson's division. During this engagement General Jackson and the brigade commander, Colonel Webster, were killed and the regiment lost one hundred and fifty killed antl wounded. Bragg retreated that night, and the troops following drove him out of Kentucky. The command with which the subject was enlisted remained in Kentucky and had a number of skirmishes with General Morgan's cavalry. On August i8th the regiment left Kentucky and, with General Burnsides' army, marched across the Cumberland mountains into the state of Tennessee and occupied Kingsville and Knoxville. An active campaign followed, and on October 7th they took part in the battle of Kingston, and in January, 1863. they were engaged at Mossy Creek with Morgan's old command and with Wheeler's cavalry, the Union arms being triumphant in this battle From this time on until the spring of 1864 they were busily engaged, marching and lighting almost continually, skirmishes being of almost daily occurrence, and, as the subject has remarked, "fighting was more regular than meals." In the spring of 1864 the regiment left Tennessee with the Twenty-third Army Corps, under General Scofield, and joined General Sherman's army. They went into camp at Red Clay, Georgia, and on the 9th of May went in the direction of Dalton and took part in all of the important engagements from Dalton to Atlanta, including Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek and all the fights before Atlanta. At the battle of Resaca the subject's regiment went into the engagement wath four hundred and forty-eight men in line, and in a few minutes lost two hundred and forty-eight killed or wounded, Mr. Mangrum being among those disabled. He was first sent to the field hospital and then to Chattanooga, where he remained two days, then to Nashville and placed upon the hospital boat on which he was removed to New Albany, Indiana, from which place he was, after six weeks, transferred to Evansville. After remaining at Evansville for a time, he recovered sufficiently to rejoin his command at Columbia, Tennessee, and subsequently took part in the battles at Franklin, Spring Hill and Nashville. After the battle of Nashville they drove Hood's force back into Alabama. After being sent to Washington to be refitted, they were ordered to Smithxille, North Carolina, and then up the Cape Fear river, where they captured I''i>rt Anderson and drove the Confederates on to Wilmington Joining Sherman's army at Goldsboro, they proceeded to Raleigh, North Carolina, where they witnessed the surrender of Johnson. From this point the subject was sent to Salisbury, North Carolina, where he was honorably discharged and mustered out at a place within two miles of the birthplace of his maternal grandmother Boren. Returning to Indianapolis, he was given his final discharge.

On September i, 1864, Mr. Mangrum was married to Mary E. Muck, of Harrison county, Indiana, the daughter of John and Ursula Muck, pioneers of Harrison county, who afterward removed to Gibson county. To this union were born five children, namely: Ella C. married Rev. M. W. Clark, of Ladoga, Indiana; Oscar A. lives in Dallas, Texas; W. V. resides in New Harmony, Indiana; Pearl M. married Lasalle Bryant and lives in Fort Branch ; Carl W. lives at Princeton, Indiana.

The subject was actively engaged in fanning until 1909, when he sold his place and he is now living in honorable retirement. Mr. Mangrum and wife are enjoying the best of health and take enjoyment in the social activities of their many friends. On September i, 1914, they will celebrate their golden wedding anniversary. Mr. Mangrum has efficiently served his county as commissioner two terms, is secretary of Company ¥, Eightieth Indiana Infantry organization, which position he has held for thirty years, and is an active member of the First Christian church, of Haubstadt, having served as superintendent of its Sunday school for the past eight years and been leader of the choir for nine years. He is also a member of Steven Mead Post, Grand Army of the Repuljlic, occupying" the position of adjutant of that body. Fraternally, Mr. Mangrum has been a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows for thirty-five years. He has always been a Republican and has always taken a good deal of interest in local public affairs.

The medical man of today must needs be more than the medical man of a half century ago, even a decade past. He must be broader and more intelligent; his sympathies must be more diverse, and his ideals must be placed high. The doctor of years past, if he practiced his profession for a length of time, reached a limit of excellence, not of his own accord, but by reason of the restrictions of medical science; and to prove this statement, it might be well to quote the words of Dr. Paul Ehrlich, the noted German scientist, who said "that more had been done, and more had been discovered, in the science of medicine during the past twenty years than in the past century." Specialization has become necessary ; the theory of toxins and anti-toxins, serums, the study of bacteria ami methods of combaling tlicsc destructive forces, and many other things, have made tlie range of medical science almost beyond one man's power of learning in the brief sjjace of time which is his allotment on earth. True it is that the dodur of the past endured more hardships, received smaller reniuneraticm. and in manv dUkt ways deserves credit for his pioneer work, but the [iresent physician is a specialist, an e\i)ert diagnostician, an idealist stri\ing for the pre\ention of di.sease rather than the curing, a moral doctor as well as physical, and a man who does not conline his talents to his one profession, but exhibits his powers among the other works of man. In this day the labor a man undergoes is not counted, it is the result of his labor alone by which he is measured - his productive powers.

This is not laudation nor encomium, but a slight effort to picture the class of men who deserve even more praise, men of which class are living and working today in Gibson county, as well as in other parts of the world. The subject of this sketch is Dr. W. G. Hopkins, of b'ort IVanch. this county, a man well suited to the words which have l)ecn written above, nut only because he has made a marked success in his chosen profession, but because he has given his thought and energy to other things, which may be better described in the course of the following brief narrative of his life.

W. G. Hopkins was born August i, 18-I-I, in Middletun. W'riync county. Illinois, and was the son of Capt. C. C. and Lieulab ( Iluddleston ) Hopkins. The father was from near Hopkinsville, Kentucky, and the mother was a native of Alton, Illinois. The subject's paternal grandfather was named John Hopkins. ,

Capt. C. C. Hopkins engaged in agriculture during his early life and in 1856 was elected a member of the Illinois Legislature on the Democratic ticket. However, in i860, he renounced his affiliation with that ])arty and supported Abraham Lincoln in the significant campaign of that year. .\t the opening of hostilities in i860 between the North and the South he was commissioned a lieutenant, later being promoted to the captaincy of his company, which was a part of the Fortieth Illinois \'olunteer Infantry. ?Iis command took part in a number of imjiortant engagements and at the battle of Shiloh he received a wound in the neck. The records of the war department at Washington make specific mention of his braver\- as a soldier, .\fter being honorably discharged from the service he retired to his farm and was appointed a deputy provost marshal, a position which, owing to the ])eculiar conditions existing at that time, caused him to make many bitter enemies among the element opposed to law and order. It is related that on one occasion he, in company with a few soldiers l)elonging to Captain Parker's company, went down to Wayne county, Illinois, in the bottom of a little river called "The Skillet Fork," where some Southern sympathizers had built a fort named Fort Shipley. Captain Hopkins sent one of his soldiers to demand their surrender and they agreed to do so. They were then taken prisoners, but owing to the feeling aroused over his having broken up the fort, Captain Hopkins was shot to death. This occurred in the year 1865. After fourteen years' search the subject and his brother, Wesley, located the man who fired the shot, finding him in Missouri. Taking along a deputy sheriff, they surprised him in bed and captured him without resistance, bringing him through to Middleton, Illinois, where neighbors helped guard him all night, he being placed in the county jail the next day, and subsequently tried and sentenced to the penitentiary for a period of fourteen to twentyone years.

To the subject's parents were born five sons and five daughters, namely: Wesley, the eldest son, served three years in the Fortieth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, when he was honorably discharged owing to an injury to his foot; John M. was a second lieutenant in Company I, Fortieth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, later reaching the rank of sergeant-major. He met his death in a boat which was burned by the Confederates at ^^icksburg; Charles C. was a private and was killed in the battle of Shiloh; Elvira, deceased, was the wife of John H. Barnes, of St. Louis, Missouri; Hester Ann is the wife of James Alexander, also of St. Louis; Saleta, deceased, was the wife of Edward Flint of St. Louis; Sonora, deceased, was the wife of Doctor Trowsdale of St. Louis; an infant, deceased; Thomas S. was a physician, a graduate of Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York City, and he died at Ridgeway, Illinois, in the fall of 1882; the suliject of this review was fourth in order of birth.

W. G. Hopkins received his elementary education in the common schools of Middleton. In the spring of 1865 he enlisted in the One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, under Colonel Johns and Capt. John Burke, being assigned to Company B of that regiment. This made the fifth member of this family to enter the service of their country, his father and three brothers having preceded him. He joined his regiment at Centralia, Illinois, and while the command was engaged in no great battles, they participated in a number of skirmishes. After receiving an honorable discharge at the close of the war, Doctor Hopkins returned to the home farm, where he remained for about a year, and then took up the study of medicine with Dr. W. S. A. Cox in Belle City, Hamilton county, Illinois. The Doctor then attended the Evansville Medical College, graduating there. Then, in compan)- with his brother Thomas, lie took a course at Bellevue IIosi)ital Medical College in New York City, Ijoth graduatino: from that institution in 1882. Previous to this time the Doctor had practiced at Ridgeway, Illinois, and about 1877 he located at Fort Branch. Gibson county, Indiana, where he has since continued and has Iniilt up a large and lucrative practice. Doctor Hopkins is a member of the White River District, the Ohio X'alley and the Gibson County medical societies. Being a memlier of the county society, he is naturally affiliated with the State Medical Society.

Doctor Hopkins was married to Emma Porter, daughter of Capt. Braxton Porter, of Kentucky, and to this union have been born the following children; Willard T. graduated from the Fort Branch high school, after which he attended Indiana University at Bloomington, then taking up the study of law in St. Louis. Graduating from the law school, he opened an office in Princeton, Indiana, where he had a most promising outlook, when he was cut off in the prime of life by appendicitis. He was highly respected by his fellow members of the bar, as well as by the citizens of Princeton, and the bar association passed resolutions on his death, calling attention to his worth)- life and works; Stella is deceased and ^Libel is residing at home.

The subject owns an excellent farm of eighty acres east of Fort Branch. The ground is in an excellent state of cultivation, typical of the best farms of Gibson county. The subject has long taken an intelligent interest in the breeding of blooded stock, specializing in standard bred trotting and pacing horses. At the present time he is owner of "Klatawah," race record 2:05^-2 at three years old. which is the world's record for a pacing stallion; "Strongwood," the sire of over seventy in the ttst; "Jay Bool," which is also a great speed sire. All of these horses have national reputations.

Doctor Hopkins is a loyal member of the Grand .\rmy of the Republic, and was a member of the United States pension l)oard at Princeton for fourteen years. Fraternally, he is an appreciative member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows.

As a promoter of public enterprises for the good of Gil)son county, Doctor Hopkins has displayed unusual interest and has devoted much time. He has aptly and rightly been called "the father of good roads" in Gilison county, due to his efforts in behalf of improved highways. Long liefore there was an impro\ed road in the c<ninty, he was, by word of mouth and w ith his trenchant pen, spreading the gospel of progress in this line.

In literary work the Doctor has also "won his .spurs." He is an able writer, and his forceful, virile style is well known to Gibson couiitv and

Indiana readers. He writes not only from a fund of knowledge, Init upon his strong views regarding the current issues of the day. For instance, in the last two Presidential campaigns the Doctor has contributed many articles to the different newspapers throughout the country, some of his best and strongest being on the subject of protective tarifif, a subject about which he has some very decided views. Dr. Hopkins is a Republican of the "first water," and in the face of adversity, as in November, 1912, buckles on. his armor and fights all the harder. So, it is not strange that his fellows hold his name in respect and that his reputation is high as doctor, soldier, farmer and writer. And so the value of versatility is proved.