Hamilton County, Indiana - Chapter 25: Military History, 1915 (part 1 of 2)

Chapter 25: Military History

War has been a dreadful thing for any country or any people, yet this has always been the means of settling great national difficulties. It was not until after the close of the Civil War in the United States that war received its logical name, when General Sherman said ''war is hell." And still the world is at war, for at this very hour (1915) Europe is aflame with the conflict of great contending armies, which threaten the destruction of many once great and happy peoples. Even America looks on with a shudder, fear¬ ing that in some manner she may be drawn into this bitter European conflict.

Indiana has furnished soldiers for no less than four great conflicts, the War of 1812, the Mexican War, the Civil War and the Spanish-American War. It so happened that the governor of Indiana Territory was one of the most important generals in the War of 1812, a struggle which meant as much to the Territory of Indiana as any territory or state in the Union. One of the most important battles leading up to the War of 1812 was fought in Indiana, and the battle of Tippecanoe will go down in history as one of the greatest engagements ever fought on American soil against the Indians. The War of 1812 often has been referred to as the second war for inde¬ pendence, and it is a matter of history that England did not recognize the provisions of the Treaty of Paris, closing the Revolutionary War, until after the War of 1812. Congress declared war against England on June 18, 1812, and the final treaty of peace was signed at Ghent, Belgium, December 24, 1814, although it was several weeks until the fact was known in this country. The most notable land victory of the whole war was fought by General Jackson at New Orleans on January 8, 1815, two weeks after the treaty was signed. As a result of this war, England respected our rights on the seas and. withdrew her soldiers from the northern part of the United States.

From the close of the Revolutionary War until the end of the War of 1812 England had been inciting Indians in the Northwest Territory to acts of vio¬ lence, and this fact had greatly retarded the settlement of that territory. England was directly responsible for all the trouble the United States had with the Indians from 1790 until the close of the War of 1812, and the ter¬ rible defeat of Generals Harmar and St. Clair can rightfully be laid at England's door. These two disasters were offset by two equally brilliant victories over the Indians, the victories of General Wayne at Fallen Timbers in 1794 and of General Harrison at Tippecanoe in 1811.

As far as is known there were only three veterans of the War of 1812 who settled in Hamilton countv. These three men were George Boxley, Caleb Harrison and William Sumner. George Boxley, a pioneer of Adams town¬ ship, at the time of his service in the War of 1812 resided in Spottsylvania, Virginia. He was a wealthy and esteemed citizen of that community and served with honor in that struggle. He was promoted to a post of honor and responsibility by the United States, and as a token of respect was tendered a handsome silver-hilted sword by the government. His later disgrace in his native State for becoming an abolitionist and his flight to the west are related in this volume in the history of Adams township. He is buried in this county. Caleb Harrison, a pioneer of White River township, also served with bravery and distinction. William Sumner settled in this county in the twenties, and is buried in the Hinkle Creek cemetery. He named his eldest son, Elliott, in honor of the captain of the company. The Sumner school house in Jackson township was named for William Sumner. There may have been other soldiers in the War of 1812 who settled in this county but no records of their service have been preserved.

Mexican War

The Mexican War was brought about by the annexation of Texas to the United States in 1845. The incidents leading up to this war can only be briefly noticed in this connection. Mexico had emancipated her slaves in 1827, but Texas, which had been settled largely by southern slave owners, refused to be bound by the emancipation act. From that time until the final separation of Texas from Mexico there was constant strife between Texas and the mother country. In 1836 Texas declared its independence, and it was afterward recognized by the United States and several European powers as a separate nation. Of the sixty men who signed the declaration of independence, fifty-three had been born in the United States, and this one fact not only explains the separation from Mexico but the subsequent request for admission to the Union. It was eight years before this request was granted, the northern states fighting the admission on account of the fact that it would make one more slave state, and, as future events turned out, it was the last slave state to be admitted to the Union.

With the formal admission of Texas to the Union, on July 4, 1845, ^ was very apparent that war was imminent between this country and Mexico. General Taylor was sent to the southern border of Texas early in the spring of 1846, and, on April 20th, war was formally declared' against Mexico. At once the president called for volunteers, and Indiana responded gallantly to the call. Governor Whitcomb issued the first call for volun¬ teers on May 22, 1846, and old Fort Clark, near New Albany, was designated as a rendezvous.

At that time there was but one railroad in the state, running between Madison and Edinburg. There were but few improved highways and no telegraph. All communication was by mail, mostly carried by men on horse¬ back and over bad roads. There were no daily papers, the press service being rendered by small weekly sheets, one or two to the county. In spite of these handicaps the war news traveled fast. The governor issued his proclamation on the 22 d day of May and the adjutant-general his general order No. 1 on the 4th of June, directing the companies to assemble at the rendezvous as soon as possible, by the shortest rou e, and at their own expense for trans¬ portation and subsistence.

As if by magic the roads were filled with marching men, helped on by patriotic farmers who furnished teams for transportation and whose kindhearted wives fed the hungry volunteers. Notwithstanding these drawbacks, the concentration was quickly made, and by the 10th of June, nineteen days after the call, thirty companies had reported at camp and been mustered into service, while an overflow of twenty-two companies reported from their home stations clamoring for acceptance. At the expiration of the term of service of the first, second and third regiments, the government accepted the services of the fourth and fifth regiments, which served until the close of the war.

No less remarkable than the uprising of the volunteers, was the patriotic action of the banks in volunteering to supply the governor with the needful funds and take a chance of reimbursement by the state or general govern¬ ment, and this at a time when the state was almost hopelessly in debt and had defaulted some of its bonds.

Everything that occurred during the prosecution of the Mexican War was creditable to the state of Indiana, her citizens and the volunteers, and should have been a matter of convenient record long ago. It has long been a tradi- tion in the state that Indiana did not conduct herself well in Mexico. The facts are that there was absolutely nothing to be ashamed of, and every reason why every Hoosier should be proud of the record of Indiana in the Mexican War.

Captain Stevenson enlisted as a private in the Mexican War from Hamil¬ ton county when only a mere youth and served with credit to himself and to his state. At the opening of the Civil War he enlisted in a Hamilton county regiment, and before the close of that struggle was elected captain of his company.

Hamilton county was conspicuous during the War of the Rebellion for the fidelity of her citizens to the cause of the Union, for the number of her citizens that enlisted in the service of their country, in proportion to the number of inhabitants in the county, and for the courage and endurance dis¬ played by them. There was scarcely a battle fought, during the long and bloody struggle of over four years for national existence, in which Hamil¬ ton county was not represented to a greater or less extent, and her sons could always be found where the firing was heaviest and where the blows fell the thickest and hardest. No organization that went out from her borders ever disgraced itself, the great state it represented or the cause it served, and a number of them were distinguished for their indomitable courage and bravery.

It is invidious work to select any organization by name from among so many that were conspicuous for gallantry, but it can give offense to none to say that, while the memory of brave deeds is cherished with feelings of love and pride, the steady courage and endurance of the Thirty-fourth and Sixtythird, the chivalrous dash and daring of the Thirty-ninth, and the splendid soldierly conduct of the Seventy-fifth, the One Hundred and First and the One Hundred and Thirtieth Regiments will be remembered. Napoleon's "Old Guard" contained no braver poldiers and performed no more heroic deeds, and the memory of those who comprised these regiments should forever be cher¬ ished by those for whom they imperiled their lives.

On the 16th day of April, 1861, Governor Oliver P. Morton issued a proclamation briefly reciting the acts of the rebellion which had brought on the war and calling upon the people of the state of Indiana "to the number of six regiments, to organize themselves into military companies, and forth¬ with report the same to the adjutant-general, in order that they might be mustered into the service of the United States," and the next day the first company from Hamilton county under command of Captain John D. Evans went into camp at Camp Morton, at Indianapolis. From that time until the close of the war the same spirit of promptness and patriotism was displayed on all occasions by the people of Hamilton county. The people and the authorities vied with each other in the work of encouraging enlistments and in taking care that the families of those who were in the service of their country should not suffer on account of the absence of their protectors.

1861, the sum of $132.42 was allowed "for goods furnished soldiers* families/* and on the next day the following order was made by the board :

"It is hereby ordered by the board, that the following named persons be appointed agents, to superintend the furnishing of provisions and clothing for the families of the soldiers now in the army, as volunteers from Hamil¬ ton county. That said agents inquire into the condition and situation of said families, and furnish them with such clothing and provisions as their neces¬ sities require, and that said agents make report of their doings to this board at each session, so long as they act as such agents : Noblesville, James O'Brien ; Jackson, W. H. Pickerel; Wayne, David Steward.**

On August 26, 1861, the commissioners allowed $87.66 for goods fur¬ nished under the above order, and at the regular session of the September term, a few days after, allowed for the same purpose $558.47. At that time a number of additional agents were appointed, and Solomon Maker was ap¬ pointed in the place of James O'Brien, resigned. At the succeeding December term the commissioners allowed the sum of $1,822.05 for relief of soldiers* families.

1862, "E. K. Hall was appointed agent to visit Camp Woods, in Kentucky, to receive and bring home any money the soldiers there might wish to send to their families and distribute it to them.** The Thirty-ninth regiment, that contained at that time three companies from Hamilton county, was stationed at Camp Woods, in Kentucky, in January, 1862.

At the regular March term of commissioners* court, "J. B. Loehr was appointed agent to go to Tennessee and receive any money the soldiers in the field wished to send home, and pay the same over to their families.** The Thirty-ninth regiment at that time was in camp near Nashville, Tennessee. At the same session $1430.97 was allowed for relief of soldiers* families. At this time it became apparent that the war was to be of much longer dura¬ tion that was at first supposed, and the number of soldiers from the county having largely increased, steps were taken to economize as much as possible in payment of relief for soldiers' families, it being felt that otherwise bank¬ ruptcy would terminate all assistance to them, and the following order was passed :

"It is ordered by the board that each military agent of each township in this county is hereby required to ascertain between this time and April 20, 1862, the number of really needy wives and children under twelve years of age, and dependent parents of soldiers in the field, in their respective town¬ ships, and certify the same to the county auditor, giving in each certificate the name of wife, names and ages of her children under twelve years of age, the name of husband or son, the date of his enlistment, and the name of the regiment he is in:

"Fourth. When it shall be necessary, it shall be the duty of the agent to rent a house for each family, at the lowest rate per month, and on the best terms he can, the rent to be paid quarterly.

"Fifth. Each family living in the town of Noblesville shall be allowed $1.00 per month until May i, 1862, for wood, and 50 cents per month there¬ after, and each family living in any town in the county shall be allowed the sum of 75 cents per month for wood, until May 1, 1862, and 40 cents per month thereafter.

At the June term, 1862, of commissioners' court $1,346.35 was allowed for the relief of soldiers' families. At a special session of the court held in July, 1862, the allowance to each soldiers' wife was increased to $1.00 per week, and each child under twelve years of age 50 cents per week. At a special session of the court held in August, 1862, a tax levy was made of

15 cents on each $100 of taxable property, for military purposes. From this time on, until the close of the war, money was poured out lavishly for the . support of those dependent on soldiers of Hamilton county, and they knew that the loved ones at home were being tenderly cared for. A statement of the allowance made at each term of court would simply increase the length of this article, and it is sufficient to say that Hamilton county paid for relief of soldiers' families during the war the magnificent sum of $111,- 625.75, and aid to volunteers and recruits as bounties $245,000. In addition to these large amounts a very large amount was paid in various ways to the sanitary commissioners. How much that was, there is no possible way of ascertaining, but it was very large. The payments for relief to soldiers' families were continued until December, 1866, at which time $562 was allowed, and that allowance appears to be the last.

Not content with what they had done during the actual existence of the war for the soldiers in the field and their families at home, the people of Hamilton county resolved, in 1866, to perpetuate the names of all who went into the service from the county by the erection of a monument that should bear the names of the living as well as the dead, and, with the energy and liberality that marked all their movements in connection with the soldiers, this monument was completed and dedicated with proper ceremonies on July 4, 1868. The monument stands on the highest and most conspicuous spot in the cemetery at Noblesville. It consists of an octagonal shaft of pure white marble twenty-two and one-half feet in height, each side measuring three and one-half feet in width, resting on a triple base, the sections of which are eight, six and four feet square, respectively.

A perched eagle surmounts the shaft, and on each of the four sides, corresponding to the cardinal points of the compass, and six feet below the top, is a spread eagle bearing a scroll.

On the eight sides of the shaft, and on the four sides of each of the two uppermost sections of the base, are the names and ranks of all the com¬ missioned officers and enlisted men, living and dead, arranged in their respec¬ tive organizations, commencing with the oldest. The national flag enfolds the top of the shaft, beautifully sculptured, above the spread eagle. The height of the monument is twenty-eight and one-half feet, and it weighs thirty-five thous¬ and pounds. Its cost was $5,000, which sum was appropriated by the county commissioners from the county funds. It is one of the most beautiful works of the kind in the county, and is a credit not only to the liberality and patriotism of the citizens of Hamilton county but to the taste and artistic skill of its designer and builders.

At the dedication, a large concourse of ex-soldiers and citizens was present, including delegations from all neighboring towns. The governor of the state, Conrad Baker, was the orator of the day, and he delivered an elo¬ quent address, taking for his subject "Our National Union.,, In the course of his remarks he said : "This monument is inscribed to the heroes of Hamih ton county who participated in the suppression of the great rebellion of 1861. These heroes embraced twenty-two company organizations, representing fourteen Indiana regiments, as follows: The Sixth, Thirty-ninth, Fiftyseventh, Sixtieth, Sixty-third, Seventy-fifth, One Hundred and First, One Hundred and Seventeenth, One Hundred and Thirtieth, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth, One Hundred and Forty-seventh, One Hundred and Fifty-fifth and the Second and Fifth Cavalry, besides more than two hundred soldiers that were citizens of this county who joined organizations not formed within your county. This is a record of which you may well be proud, and which will be the admiration of your posterity long after those now living shall have passed away. By this structure you not only record your admiration of the virtue, the valor and the patriotism of your own citizens who rushed to the standard of the country in the hour of its greatest danger but you also record your devotion to the Union for which they fought and for which many of them died."

It is not possible in this chapter to give the complete roster of the men from Hamilton county in the Civil War, but an effort is made to give a brief summary of each regiment which contained men from the county.

Sixth Regiment

This regiment was organized and mustered into the service of the United States at Indianapolis, April 25, 1861. It was one of the six regiments or¬ ganized under the first call for troops by President Lincoln for seventy-five thousand men. The regiment left Indianapolis May 30th for the scene of conflict in Western Virginia, via Cincinnati and Parkersburg. It arrived at Webster, West Virginia, on June 3d, and that night marched through drench¬ ing rain and over almost impassable roads for fourteen miles, and on the next morning, June 4th, took an active part in the battle of Phillipi, the first action that took place during the War of the Rebellion.

gade commanded by General Thomas A. Morris, and participated in the march to Laurel Hill and the engagements at Carrick's ford, where the rebel General Garnett was killed on July 12th. The term of enlistment having expired, the regiment returned to Indianapolis, August 2d, and was finally discharged.

Twelfth Fe I Vent

This regiment was organzied from the surplus of companies that had reached Indianapolis in answer to the call for six regiments of three-months troops, and on May 11, 1861, was mustered into the service of the state of Indiana for one year. On June nth it left Indianapolis and went to Evans¬ ville, and was placed on guard duty at that place, remaining there until July 1 8th, when it was transferred to the service of the United States for the un¬ expired portion of its term of enlistment. The Twelfth left Evansville July 23d and proceeded by rail to Sandy Hook, Maryland, just below and across the Potomac river from Harper's- Ferry, Virginia, arriving at this point on July 27th.

The regiment was assigned to Abercrombie's brigade of the Army of the Shenandoah, and remained in camp in Pleasant Valley, near Maryland Heights, until August 16th, when it moved with the army to Hyattstown, where it remained in camp for some time. General Joe Johnston, the rebel commander, was reported to be on the opposite side of the Potomac, near Leesburg, with a large force, and this movement was made to prevent him from crossing the river. The following month was occupied in making marches and reconnoissances to and in the direction of Darnestown, Nolan's Ferrv, Seneca creek. Tuscarora creek. Point of Rocks. Vrbana and Frederick.

October nth the regiment marched from Frederick through Boonsboro and Middletown to Williamsport, Maryland. On the 13th the different com¬ panies of the Twelfth were stationed at Williamsport, dam No. 4, dam No. 5, Sharpsburg, and other points on the Maryland side of the Potomac, where they engaged in picket and out-post duty until in March, 1862, during which time picket firing and skirmishes across the river were of almost daily oc¬ currence. On March 1st the Twelfth crossed the Potomac at Williamsport and marched to Winchester, through Martinsburg and Bunker Hill. On the nth it was engaged in an active skirmish with the enemy near Win¬ chester, and on the following morning was the first regiment to enter the town which had been evacuated bv the enemy the night before. On the 21st the regiment moved to Berrvville, thence across the Shenandoah and over Bl^e Rido-e through Snickers' Gap to Aldie. Hearing of the victory of

Kimball over Stonewall Jackson at Winchester, in the battle fought on the 23d, it returned to the Shenandoah where it was met with orders to retrace its steps southward toward Warrenton Junction, which place was reached April 3d, via Aldie, Centreville, the battlefield of Bull Run and Catlett's station.

The regiment remained there until May 5th, when it marched to Wash¬ ington where it was mustered out of service on the 14th of that month and im¬ mediately returned to Indiana.

Twenty-Sixth Regiment

This regiment was mustered into the service of the United States for three years, at Indianapolis, on August 31, 1861, with William M. Wheatley as colonel. It left Indianapolis September 7th for St. Louis, and from there was ordered to proceed to the interior of Missouri, from which point it par¬ ticipated in the Fremont campaign at Springfield. It then returned to Sedalia where it was placed on duty guarding the Pacific railroad, and was kept on that duty until July, 1862. From that time until May 1, 1863, it was actively engaged in the field, moving with the army into southern Missouri, and thence into Arkansas. During that time it took an active part in the battles at Newtonia, Missouri, and Prairie Grove and Van Buren, Arkansas. At the battle of Prairie Grove, December 7, 1862, the regiment distinguished itself by its gallantry, and suffered severely in killed and wounded. On June 1, 1863, the regiment was ordered to join the army of General Grant in the rear of Vicksburg, where it was actively engaged in the 'duties incident to the siege until the surrender of that place on July 4th. It then ascended the Yazoo river to Yazoo City and occupied that place until the surrender of Port Hudson, when the regiment was transferred to that post, and from there to Carrollton, Louisiana. On September 29th the regiment engaged the enemy at Camp Sterling, near Morganza, and was defeated, losing nearly one-half of its officers and men as prisoners of war. They were taken to Tyler, Texas, where they were held for many months.

During the month of October the regiment marched to Texas with the force under the command of General Herron, and on February 1, 1864, while stationed at Brownsville, re-enlisted as a veteran organization. The regiment returned to Indiana the latter part of April on a furlough of thirty days, and on June 1st, on returning to the front, was assigned to duty at Fort Butler, near New Orleans, where it remained until March 22, 1865, when it was transferred to the vicinity of Mobile where, as a part of General

A. J. Smith's corps, the Sixteenth, it was actively engaged in the siege of that place and in the assault on Spanish Fort. Upon the occupation of Mobile by the Federal troops the Twenty-sixth was assigned to duty at that place, but was soon relieved and marched via Montgomery and Selma, Alabama, to Meridian, Mississippi, where it was assigned to post duty for some time, and was then ordered to Vicksburg, Mississippi, where it was mustered out of the service of the United States on January 15, 1866. A detachment of non¬ veterans and recruits whose term of service had expired was mustered out at Indianapolis in September, 1864, and on February 18, 1865, pursuance of the orders of General Canby, the retained recruits of the Sixtieth regiment, whose term of service did not expire with that of the organization, were trans¬ ferred to the Twenty-sixth, the new organization retaining the designation of the Twenty-sixth regiment. The last mentioned recruits were mustered out at the same time the veterans were, the war being closed.

Thirty-Fourth Regiment

This regiment was organized at Anderson on August 16, 1861, with Asbury Steele as colonel, and on October 10th went by rail to Jeffersonville, Indiana, where it remained in camp until November 15th, then.it was ordered to New Haven, Kentucky, and on December 14th was ordered from that place to Camp Wickliffe, in the same state, remaining there until February 7, 1862, when it moved to Green river. On February 14th it was ordered to match to the mouth of Salt river, about twenty miles below Louisville, on the Ohio river. On arriving at that point the regiment embarked on trans¬ ports with General Nelson's division and moved down the Ohio. The next day the Thirty-fourth with a number of. other regiments were ordered to keep on down the river to Cairo, and from there was ordered to New Madrid, Missouri, which place was reached March 3d. The Federal troops were en¬ gaged in besieging New Madrid at the time, and the Thirty-fourth took an active part in the movements incident to the siege until March 14th, when, the enemy having evacuated the place, the regiment was ordered to St. Merriweather's landing, fourteen miles below, drawing with it by hand two thirtytwo pound siege guns, which were placed in position the night of the 15th. On the next morning the position held by the regiment was attacked by the gunboats of the enemy. After an engagement lasting two hours, he was compelled to withdraw, with the loss of one of his gunboats. The securing of that position cut off the enemy's retreat from island No. 10, and was the cause of the capture of the entire force at that place a few days later. The regiment returned to New Madrid April 7th and remained there until June 14, with the exception of a few days that were occupied in a movement that resulted in the capture of Fort Pillow. On June 15th the regiment entered the city of Memphis and remained there until the 26th, when it em¬ barked on a steamboat and passed up White river to Aberdeen, Arkansas, having joined Colonel Fitch's brigade at the mouth of the river. The com¬ mand disembarked on July 8th, and on the night of the 9th engaged the enemy ten miles below Aberdeen and drove them back to Duvall's Bluff. It then marched to Clarendon, and re-embarking steamed for Helena, where it ar¬ rived on the 14th. At that post it remained during the fall and winter of 1862, making frequent expeditions against the enemy. One of the most im¬ portant of these was the clearing of Yazoo Pass of the heavy timber which the enemy had felled into the stream for the purpose of obstructing navigation, at which the Thirty-fourth was engaged two weeks, losing a number of men in killed and wounded in skirmishes with the enemy during that time.

The regiment was assigned to Hovey's division on April 10, 1863, and started immediately on the Vicksburg campaign, being engaged for some time in constructing bridges to facilitate the marching of the army from Milliken's Bend to a point below Vicksburg. Crossing the Mississippi at Bruinsburg, April 30th, it marched all night and engaged the enemy at daylight on May 1st at Port Gibson. During the battle that ensued the Thirty-fourth made a charge upon the enemy and captured two pieces of artillery and forty-nine prisoners. The regiment lost fifty in killed and wounded in that action. On the 16th it participated in the battle of Champion Hills, and while advancing in line of battle captured the Forty-sixth Alabama regiiment, its colors, field officers and one hundred and twenty-seven men. Tho Thirty-fourth lost seventy men in killed and wounded. Among the latter was Lieutenant-Colonel Swain, who died from his wounds on June 17, 1863.

Moving forward with the army the regiment participated in the siege of Vicksburg, until its final surrender on July 4th, losing thirteen men and officers in killed and wounded. It then marched to Jackson, Mississippi, and was engaged in the siege of that position until its capture, losing eight men in killed and wounded. Returning to Vicksburg soon after it embarked August 4th for New Orleans, where it remained until September 12th, at which time it moved the Brashear City. While there it took part in Banks' expedition up the Teche as far as Opelousas. On the return march it en¬ gaged the enemy at Carrison Crow Bayou, November 3d, after which it proceeded to New Iberia where it remained until December 19th. While there four hundred and sixty of the regiment re-enlisted, as veterans, De- cember 15, 1863. On December 23d it embarked on a steamer for Pass Cavallo, Texas, reaching there January 8, 1864, and remained in that vi¬ cinity until February 21st, when it returned to New Orleans, stopping there until March 20th when it started for Indianapolis on a veteran furlough of thirty days, reaching that place April 1st. Returning to the field, the Thirtyfourth was placed on duty at New Orleans until December 18th, when it embarked for Brazos Santiago, Texas. The Thirty-fourth fought the last battle of the War of the Rebellion May 13, 1865, at Palmetto, Ranch, ad¬ joining the old battle field of Palo Alto, of Mexican war fame.

Two hundred and fifty of the regiment fought five hundred of the enemy, mounted, with a battery of six field-pieces, driving them three miles in the space of three hours. Finally, the enemy securing a favorable posi¬ tion for their battery, poured a destructive fire into the ranks of the regi¬ ment, and compelled the main body to fall back leaving companies B and E behind as skirmishers to cover the movement. These two companies being unsupported were furiously attacked and were finally surrounded and forced to surrender. The loss to the regiment in killed and wounded and prisoners was eighty-two. Soon after the regiment fell back to Brazos Santiago whence it moved up the Rio Grande river to Brownsville, where it remained until June 16, when it marched two hundred and sixty miles up the Rio Grande to Ringgold barracks. Remaining there a few days it commenced, July 24th, to retrace its steps and returned to Brownsville where it re¬ mained on garrison and post duty until February 3, 1866, when it was mustered out of the service and started for Indianapolis, where it arrived February 18th and was finally discharged from the service on the 19th. The Thirty-fourth was the last Indiana regiment to be discharged.

Thirty-Ninth Regiment

This regiment was organized as an infantry regiment August 29, 1861, at Indianapolis, with Thomas J. Harrison, of Kokomo, as colonel ; Fielder A. Jones, of Seymour, as lieutenant-colonel, and John D. Evans, of Noblesville, as major, and on September 14th was ordered to proceed to Ken¬ tucky. It was one of the first Union regiments to enter that state, whose claim to neutrality had been respected until the rebels under General Buck¬ ner commenced to make efforts to sieze the state government and turn it over to the so-called Confederate government. Passing through Louisville the regiment marched to Mildraugh's Hill, near Elizabethtown, on the line of the Louisville & Nashville railroad, and remained there until October 4th, when it moved about twelve miles farther south to Camp Nevin, on

Nolin creek, where it went into camp and remained until December 10th. On that day it marched with the division of General A. McD. McCook, to which it had been assigned, to Munfordsville on Green river, arriving there December 17th, having been engaged with the other troops in rebuilding bridges that had been destroyed along the line of the railroads by the rebels, as the latter retired before the advance of the Union troops. The regiment remained at Munfordville, engaged in camp and guard duty, until February 17, 1862, when it, with the rest of Buell's army, marched to Nashville, Tennessee, halting frequently on the route to repair the railroad at points where it had been destroyed by the enemy. On March 1st, the Thirty-ninth, tired and foot-sore from the march, reached Edgefield, on the opposite bank of the Cumberland river from Nashville. It remained there until March 4th, when, with its division, the Second division of the Army of the Ohio, crossed the Cumberland, and marching through Nashville went into camp five miles south of the city on the Franklin pike. It lay there until March 1 6th, when it moved south to Columbia, halting two days on the way to re-build a bridge across Rutherford's creek that had been destroyed by the enemy, and reached Duck river, opposite Columbia, on the 20th. Here they also found all the bridges destroyed, and as the' river was very high it could not be forded. Work was commenced at once to build new bridges. One was erected on the pier of the old turnpike bridge, and a pontoon bridge was thrown across the river enabling the whole army to cross, on the 31st. On the next day the army marched for Savannah, a small town on the Tennessee river seventy-five miles southwest of Columbia. The progress was slow and the march difficult. The road passed through very rough, hilly country, often following for miles the bed of a mountain stream. Heavy rains had rendered the streams difficult to ford, but per¬ severance and energy triumphed over all obstacles, and on the 5th the com¬ mand encamped within twenty-one miles of Savannah. The next morning, as the troops were leaving their bivouac, dull reverberations broke upon the ear sounding like the muttering of distant thunder; a halt - a brief silence - and the sound, swelling with increased volume and echoing through the mountains and valleys, denoted that a battle had commenced. None could mistake the boom of artillery and the reverberating clash of musketry ; they were the first echoes from the bloody field of Shiloh.

All involuntarily, almost, pushed rapidly forward. Soon the order was received to leave the trains. Freed from that encumbrance the troops pushed eagerly forward over terrible muddy roads and through almost impassable streams and reached Savannah that night. On every hand were the sad re- suits of a terrible conflict. Every house was a hospital. The air was burdened with the cries and groans of the wounded; tents were put up and filled; steamboats were loaded, and still the stream of wounded men poured in. To add to the gloomy surroundings a terrific storm of rain, accom¬ panied with heavy thunder and vivid lightning that made the horrors of the scene visible, poured down in torrents. The regular reports of heavy artil¬ lery from gunboats in the river sounded dismally upon the ear. At 2 o'clock on the morning of the 7th the Thirty-ninth embarked on a transport, and at daybreak reached Pittsburg Landing.

The steep bluff was covered with a mass of disorganized men whose only desire seemed to be to avoid danger. A strong guard had to be placed around the guards of the boat to keep these stragglers from climbing on to it. As it was, a number that ventured into the water in their efforts to get on the boat were swept away by the current and drowned. At 7 o'clock the Thirty-ninth with its brigade commanded by General R. W. Johnson formed in line and moved toward the front. The battle had already com¬ menced, and the commanders of the opposing armies were carefully feeling their way, so as to gain an advantage over each other, if possible, in posi¬ tion. The firing rapidly increased in volume as the lines were advanced. The Thirty-ninth was soon ordered into the front line, and at once became hotly engaged, and during the entire battle which lasted until 3 o'clock in the afternoon never yielded one inch of the ground it had gained. When the enemy was finally routed the regiment had no ammunition, its supply having been exhausted, and when a new supply had been obtained it was ordered to remain in its position and other troops were ordered in pursuit. The total loss of the regiment in killed and wounded was thirty-six.

"Sir: It may be a useless task for me to add another tribute to the glory of Indiana, while the battle-fields of Rich Mountain, Pea Ridge and Donelson speak so eloquently in her praise. But justice to the Sixth, Twentyninth, Thirtieth, Thirty-second and Thirty-ninth regiments of Indiana Vol¬ unteers, requires me to speak of their conspicuous gallantry while fighting under my command at the battle of Shiloh. The Thirty-second regiment had already won the prestige of victory at Rowletts. The other regiments, actuated by a proper emulation, unflinchingly stood their first baptism under

Until May 30th the regiment was engaged in the movements incident to the siege of Corinth, a place that had been fortified under the instruc¬ tions of the best engineers in the rebel army. On the occupation of that place, on May 30th, the Thirty-ninth with the divisions to which it be¬ longed was left to hold the town while the remainder of the army marched in pursuit of the enemy.

On June 10th the regiment marched with General Buell's army across the northern Mississippi and Alabama to Bridgeport, on the Tennessee river, where it remained in camp until August 21st. On that day, it having been ascertained that General Bragg, in command of the rebel army, had crossed the Tennessee and Chattanooga and was starting for Kentucky in hopes to capture Louisville, and thus transfer the theatre of war from the south to the north, General Buell with his army marched northward. The two armies marched on nearly parallel roads, frequently within hearing of each other, and each striving to reach the coveted goal in advance of the other.

Buell came out ahead in the great race, reaching Louisville on Septem¬ ber 28th, and finding a large number of new regiments there as re-enforce¬ ments turned around, and, on October 1st, marched in pursuit of Bragg. The Thirty-ninth was in the division commanded by General J. W. Sill, and marched through Frankfort, Lawrenceburg, Perryville, Harrodsburg and Danville to Crab Orchard. It now became evident that Bragg, who had been defeated in a severe battle fought with a part of Buell's army at Chap¬ lin Hills, on the 8th, was making as rapidly as possible for Middle Tennes¬ see and Nashville. Buell retraced his steps to Perrysville, and marched thence to Nashville by way of Bowling Green, arriving at Nashville on November 7th, in advance of Bragg who had halted at Murfreesboro, about thirty miles southeast of Nashville. At Bowling Green General Buell had been relieved by General Rosecrans, and the name of the army changed to that of the Army of the Cumberland. The army remained in the vicinity of Nashville until December 26th. During that time it was thoroughly re¬ organized and refitted, as well as largely re-enforced. On that day it marched in the direction of Murfreesboro to attack the rebel army, still com¬ manded by General Bragg, who was strongly entrenched near that place.

Skirmishing commenced almost immediately and was steadily maintained, each army meanwhile moving into position, until December 31st, at day¬ light, when the battle of Stone river commenced and raged almost unceas¬ ingly until the night of January 3, 1863, when Bragg was compelled to with¬ draw his army, and the next morning Rosecrans took possession of Mur¬ freesboro. The division to which the Thirty-ninth belonged was on the ex¬ treme right of the Union army, and the regiment was on the picket line when the battle commenced. The rebel commander had extended his left until it reached far beyond the right of his opponent, who could not believe it possible. Just at daybreak the enemy made an attack with his infantry on the front and flank on the Union army, and at the same time a large force of cavalry, under command of General Wheeler, passed entirely around its flank to its rear, between it and Overalls creek. The attack was made in the columns four lines deep, while the Union army to withstand it had only one single line, that had been extended until it was very weak. No troops in the world could have withstood the odds, and the Union troops, after fighting until the enemy was close upon them, were compelled to give way. Falling back gradually, making a stand wherever it could be done, and in¬ flicting a terribly heavy loss upon the enemy, the right was finally forced back to near the Nashville turnpike. While this was being done the Union army had been concentrated by the movements forced upon it until, turn¬ ing upon its foe, it compelled him to not only desist from further pursuit but to retire before the murderous fire that was pouring into his ranks. Fight¬ ing was maintained on the different parts of the line until darkness separated the combatants, when, weary and exhausted, they threw themselves upon the ground to snatch what little rest they could in a storm of rain that froze as it fell. The next morning the regiment threw up a slight line of breast¬ work in its front and thus held its position until the battle was over. During the battle the Thirty-ninth distinguished itself by its gallantry and good be¬ havior. The total loss of the regiment in killed and wounded and missing was three hundred and eighty.

Early in April, 1863, the regiment was mounted and served as mounted infantry through the campaign of that year. On June 6th it re-enforced the Second Indiana Cavalry on the Shelbyville pike, near Murfreesboro, and had a sharp fight with the rebel General Wheeler's cavalry command, punish¬ ing him severely. Subsequently, it took part in the skirmishes at Middleton and Liberty Gap, and, during the Tullahoma campaign, had a sharp engagement with the enemy at Winchester, Tennessee, driving him into Elk river and causing a heavy loss to him. It took an active part in the cavalry movement prior to and during the battle of Chickamauga, on the 19th and 20th of September, after which it constituted part of a force that was sent into East Tennessee to look after a force of rebel cavalry that was trying to cut the communications of the Union army to the north of Chat¬ tanooga.

Authority had been given bv the War Department in the fall of 1863 to change the organization from infantry to that of a cavalry regiment, and Companies L and M were organized in September, and, on joining the command in the field, the regiment was, on October 15th, re-organized as the Eighth cavalry.

Until April 10, 1864, the regiment was engaged in courier duty in the vicinity of Chattanooga. On February 22d the original ten companies of the Thirty-ninth re-enlisted as a veteran organization, and in April returned to Indiana as a veteran furlough for thirty days. At the expiration of that time the regiment returned to Nashville, where it remained for some time awaiting horses and equipment for a remount, which were finally procured, and on July 6th it started on what is known as the "Rousseau Raid" - it should be the "Harrison Raid" - into Alabama, intending to cut the railroad leading from Georgia to Alabama and Mississippi, at Opelika. The com¬ mand left Decatur, Alabama, July 10th, accomplished the work it was de¬ signed to, and, with trifling loss, reached Marietta, Georgia, inside the Union lines on the 23d. During this raid one battalion of the Thirty-ninth fought and routed a brigade of the enemy, on the Coosa river, taking many prisoners; and, in a spirited action at Cheehaw bridge, in an attack made by the regiment, the enemy was badly whipped. On July 27th the Thirty-ninth started on the McCook raid in an effort to effectually sever the communi¬ cations of the rebel army. Leaving Marietta the command crossed the Chattahoochie river at Riverton and moved rapidly on Palmetto station, on the West Point road. There it destroyed a section of the railroad track two and one-half miles long and advanced to Fayetteville. There it burned a hundred bales of cotton, destroyed two railroad trains, burned a train of four hundred wagons, killed eight hundred mules, saving a large number, and captured two hundred and fifty prisoners. It then moved to Lovejoy's station to meet General Stoneman, according to a previous engagement. The railroad station and a good deal of track having been destroyed, and Stoneman not putting in an appearance, the command started northward, but found itself *surrounded by a superior force of the enemy. After a number of rapid movements the command found itself at Newman, on the West Point road, surrounded by a force of cavalry and infantry that were determined to fight. The prisoners that had been captured were released. A desperate charge was made, the enemy's lines broken, and the command returned to Marietta, having lost five hundred in prisoners in the engage¬ ment at Newman. On August 18th the Thirty-ninth under the command of General Kilpatrick composed a part of another raiding column.

On that day Kilpatrick with his command dashed out from his camp at Sandtown to the West Point road and broke it near Fairburn, and thence moved to Jonesboro where he met a division of rebel cavalry under com¬ mand of General Ross. This was literally ridden down. The Thirtyninth was in advance and led the charge, capturing two pieces of artillery and four battle flags. They then commenced to destroy the railroad track, but were soon attacked by a superior force of cavalry and infantry, when the command drew off in the direction of McDonough. It then made a circuit of Lovejoy station where, while again tearing up the road, it was again attacked by the same force it had left at Jonesboro. Perceiving that he was in imminent danger of being surrounded, Kilpatrick charged the cavalry and cut his way through, capturing four guns and many prisoners, but, being hard pressed, could not encumber himself with all his captives and brought in but seventy men, three flags and one piece of artillery. The command then returned to Decatur. The Thirty-ninth was engaged in a battle of Jonesboro, on September ist, and in a number of skirmishes that fol¬ lowed the capture of Atlanta. It was also actively engaged in the movements made by the Union army, after the rebel army under Hood had passed around its right and was trying to make its way northward. Hood having crossed to the north side of the Tennessee river, he was left to the tender mercies of Thomas's veterans, and Sherman turned back to Atlanta to complete his arrangements for the "march to the sea." The Thirty-ninth was a part of the cavalry command under command of General Kilpatrick, and partici¬ pated in all movements of the cavalry until the surrender of the rebel army under General Joe Johnson, on April 26, 1865. During that campaign it participated in the battles and skirmishes of Waynesboro, Buckhead church, Browns crossroads. Reynold's farm, Aiken, Bentonville, Averasboro and Raleigh. In the engagement of Averasboro the regiment, under the com¬ mand of Colonel Jones, charged upon and routed a rebel brigade of infantry that outnumbered the Thirty-ninth ten to one. In that encounter it lost fourteen killed and thirty-nine wounded.

A detachment of the regiment had been left in Tennessee, and it, in the meanwhile,- was engaged in maintaining the reputation of the regiment. It distinguished itself in a fight with the enemy's cavalry, under command of General Wheeler, near Franklin, Tennessee, November 29, 1864, and with another rebel command, under Forrest, near Pulaski, a few days be¬ fore.

On February 20, 1865, the veterans of the Third Indiana cavalry and a number of recruits of that regiment whose term of enlistment had not ex¬ pired were transferred to the Thirty-ninth, and remained with it until it was mustered out of service.

The regiment had a spirited little fight on April 14, 1865, at Morrisville, North Carolina, which was the last action that occurred in North Carolina during the war. All^ military operations ceased the next day, pend¬ ing the negotiations between Generals Sherman and Johnston, which ended in the surrender of the entire, army commanded by Johnston, on April 25th.

The regiment remained on duty in North Carolina until July 20th, when it was mustered out of service and soon after left for Indianapolis, reaching that place July 30th, and on August 2d was finally discharged.

Fifty-Seventh Regiment

This regiment was organized at Richmond, Indiana, and was mustered into the service of the United States on November 18, 1861. A few days afterwards the regiment was ordered to Indianapolis, and on December 22d reported to General Buell at Louisville, Kentucky, for duty, and was assigned to the Sixth division of the Army of the Ohio, then organizing at Bardstown, Kentucky, to which place the regiment marched, and soon after was ordered to Lebanon, Kentucky, where it remained until February 12, 1862, when with its division it marched to Nashville, Tennessee. The Fifty-seventh suffered terribly during the winter, in Kentucky, from sick¬ ness, but on its arrival at Nashville the men regained their health and its ranks again became full.

On March 21st orders were received to march to the assistance of General Grant, who with his army was at Pittsburg Landing, on the Ten¬ nessee river, about one hundred and fifty miles distant. The roads were almost impassable, the bridges across the numerous streams were destroyed by the enemy and the consequence was that the advance of the Army of the Ohio was necessarily very slow, and only reached General Grant's position during the night of April 6th. The previous day General Grant with his army had been attacked, early in the morning, by the rebel army, and one of the most severe battles of the war had raged all day with the preponderance of success on the side of the enemy. The battle was renewed early in the morn¬ ing of the 7th, but the Army of the Ohio, under General Buell, turned the tide of victory and inflicted a crushing defeat on the rebel army. The division to which the Fifty-seventh belonged did not reach the battle-field until the fighting was nearly over, and th^ regiment consequently had but little opportunity to try its prowess in actual conflict. The siege of Corinth, Mississippi, was commenced immediately, and the Fifty-seventh was en¬ gaged in the duties incident thereto until the evacuation of that post by the rebel army on May 30th. A few days after the Fifty-seventh, with the division to which it was attached, marched in the direction of Stevenson, Alabama, reaching there about July 1st, and remaining there a short time when it was ordered into Middle Tennessee. From that time until Sep¬ tember 1 st the regiment was engaged in guard duty and on scouting expedi¬ tions in the vicinity of Tullahoma and McMinnville, suffering but few losses, but undergoing severe hardships and making some severe marches.

On September 1st it marched back with the rest of the army to Louis¬ ville, Kentucky. General Bragg, the commander of the rebel army, by this movement was foiled in an attempt to transfer the seat of the war from the banks of the Tennessee to the banks of the Ohio. Only two days after his arrival at Louisville, with his army largely re-enforced, General Buell turned upon Bragg, and the latter retreated in the direction of Cumberland Gap. Buell overtook him at Chapin's Hills, near Perryville, Kentucky, on October 8th, attacking Bragg at once, and a bloody but indecisive battle was fought. The Fifty-seventh, although actively engaged, suffered but slight loss; Bragg continued his retreat, Buell pressing closely in his rear, until he reached Cumberland Gap, when it became evident that Nashville, with its store of supplies, would be his next objective point. Buell turned around and re¬ traced his steps to Perryville and marched as rapidly as possible for Nash¬ ville, Tennessee, via Bowling Green, Kentucky. The Fifty-seventh reached Nashville about the 1st of December, and remained in camp near there until the movement of Murfreesboro, that was occupied by Bragg, which resulted in the battle of Stone river, commencing on December 26th. At that battle the regiment distinguished itself by its coolness and hard fighting, and lost in killed and wounded, seventy-five out of three hundred and fifty engaged. Colonel Hines and Lieutenant-Colonel Lennard were both severely wounded, and the regiment lost some of its best men among the killed. From that time until June 24th the regiment was engaged in camp duty, drilling and an occasional scout. On that date it moved with the rest of the army on the Tullahoma campaign, which resulted in Bragg, with his army, being forced to evacuate Middle Tennessee and fall back into Chattanooga, and the Fifty-seventh went into camp to Pelham, in the valley of Elk river, until the 1 6th of August. During the campaign which resulted in the capture of Chattanooga and the battle of Chickamauga, General Wagner's brigade, to which the Fifty-seventh was attached, operated on the north side of the Tennessee, opposite Chattanooga. On the evacuation of that place Wagner's brigade crossed the river and took possession of the town. On the 5th of September Colonel Lennard was detailed as provost marshal of the town, and the regiment was placed on duty as provost guard. It re¬ mained on that duty until a few days before the battle of Mission Ridge, in which action it was conspicuous for bravery and good conduct. Immediately after the battle of Mission Ridge the Fifty-seventh marched its division (Second Division of Fourth Corps) to the relief of General Burnside, who, with his little army, was besieged by the enemy at Knoxville, Tennessee. The campaign in east Tennessee during the winter of 1863 an^ ^64 was probably unequaled during the whole war for hardships and privations, and of these the Fifty-seventh had its full share.

On January 1, 1864, the regiment was almost unanimously re-enlisted as a veteran organization, and the latter part of March it was granted a veteran furlough of thirty days and returned to Indianapolis. Upon the termination of the furlough the Fifty-seventh rejoined its command near Chattanooga on May 5th and took part at once in the Atlanta campaign, which was just commencing. It is impossible, in the limits of this work, to do more than glance at the numerous battles and skirmishes, the arduous marches and the unceasing toil in which the regiment was engaged for the next four months. It was actively engaged in an assault made upon the works of the enemy at Rocky Face Ridge, Georgia, on May 9th. On May 15th, at Resaca, it was hotly engaged, losing heavily in killed and wounded, among whom was Colonel Lennard, a brave and accomplished officer of distinguished merit, who was mortally wounded and died on the field. On May 17th the regiment was again engaged in the short but bitter contest at Adairsville. On May 25th, at New Hope church, the regiment took up a position in front of the enemy, but was not engaged until May 27th, when it met with heavy loss but repulsed the enemy. It was under fire continually from that time until June 3d, losing a large number of men. In the terrible struggle that occurred around Kenesaw Mountain, the Fiftyseventh was engaged almost continually. Lieutenant Beitzell was killed on June 1 8th and Captain Stidham and Lieutenant Callaway on the 23d. In the assault made on the works of the enemy on June 27th, in front of Kenesaw, the regiment was deployed as a skirmish line to cover the advance of the assaulting column of the Fourth corps, and its loss was very heavy.

At the battle of Peachtree creek, on July 20th, it was again on the skir¬ mish line, but was fortunate in meeting with only slight loss. From that time until August 25th it was engaged in the arduous duties incident to a siege in front of Atlanta. It took part in the flank movement which re¬ sulted in the evacuation of Atlanta, and the battle of Jonesboro on August 31st, after which it returned to the vicinity of Atlanta. On October 4th the Fifty-seventh, with its division, marched in pursuit of the rebel General Hood, who, with his army, had passed around the flank of the Union army and was making his way northward. Hood, under the impression that Sherman with his entire army was being withdrawn from the heart of the confederacy, passed across the northeastern part of Alabama into Tennessee, and Sherman, with part of his army, returned to Atlanta and marched from there to Savannah, leaving General George H. Thomas to take care of Hood. On November 30th Hood attacked a portion of General Thomas's army at Franklin, Tennessee. It was one of the most desperate actions of the war, both sides fighting with perfect desperation. The Fifty-seventh was sta¬ tioned in a very exposed position, and, some troops on its flank suddenly giving away, it lost heavily in killed, wounded and missing. Major Addi¬ son M. Dunn, of Hamilton county, was one of those killed. The regiment was also actively engaged in the battle of Nashville, on December 15th and 1 6th, during which Colonel Blanch was wounded. The regiment was fortunate enough to escape with few other losses in that battle.

Thomas followed in pursuit of Hood's flying army as fast as the roads would permit, until he had crossed the Tennessee river. The Fifty-seventh halted at Huntsville, Alabama, and remained there until April, 1865, when it marched to Bull's Gap. in East Tennessee.

Remaining there a short time, it marched to Nashville, where it re¬ gained until July, when it was ordered to proceed to Texas and form a part of the "Army of Occupation." While there its duties were confined to the camp and garrison, varied only by a few tedious marches. It was stationed at Port Lavacca and Victoria the most part of the time, and was mustered out of the service of the United States at the last named place on December 11, 1865, and left at once for home, arriving at Indianapolis on January 1, 1866, with twenty-three officers and one hundred and sixty-eight men. The Fifty-seventh was the peer of any regiment in the army, and its surviving members are justly proud of its record.

Sixty-Third Regiment

This regiment was authorized to be raised on December 31, 1861, and four companies, A, B, C and D, having been recruited they were organized as a battalion and assigned to duty on February 21, 1862, in guarding rebel prisoners at Lafayette, Indiana, and were soon after transferred to In¬ dianapolis. The regimental organization was not completed until October 3, 1862, and John S. Williams was appointed colonel. From that time until December 25, 1863, the regiment was engaged in guard and provost duty at Indianapolis. At that time it was ordered to Kentucky, and for a short time was employed in guarding the Louisville & Nashville railroad. On February 25, 1864, the regiment having been concentrated at Camp Nelson, Kentucky, the Sixty-third marched for Knoxville, Tennessee, and reached there after a march of one hundred and eighty-five miles over almost im¬ passable roads on March 15th. It then marched to Mossy creek, and from there, on April 1st, marched to Bull's Gap, Tennessee, where it was assigned to the Second brigade, Third division of the Twenty-third army corps. On April 23d it marched in the direction of Jonesboro, burning the bridges and destroying the tracks of the Tennessee & Virginia railroad for many miles. On the 28th it returned to Bull's Gap, having marched one hundred miles in four days, and the same day commenced its march to join the army in the vicinity of Chattanooga that was about to enter .into the Atlanta campaign. The Twenty-third corps effected a junction with the rest of the army at Red Clay, Georgia, on May 4th. On the 9th and 10th the Sixty-third occupied a position on the left of the line of the Union army during the action at Rocky Face Ridge, losing two killed and four wounded. After the battle the regiment moved through Snake Creek Gap to Resaca, and in the en¬ gagement at that place on the 14th. the Sixty-third, with its brigade, made a charge upon the works of the enemy and succeeded in taking a portion of them. That this was bravely done is attested by the fact that the regiment lost eighteen killed and ninety-four wounded in the charge. On the 16th the command marched on from Resaca, fording the Obstanaula river and over¬ took the etfemy at Cassville on the 18th. It drove him all the next day, and on the 20th it reached Cartersville and remained there until the 23d. Cross¬ ing the Etowah river and Pumpkin Vine creek, it moved forward close to the lines of the enemy, near Dallas, and threw up a line of entrenchments on the 26th, and held the position until relieved on the 1st of June. While there the Sixty-third was under galling fire continually, night and day. It (28) was fortunate, under the circumstances, in meeting a loss of sixteen only, all wounded. From June 3 to June 6, it lay behind works that had been thrown up in the presence of the enemy, and one was killed and one was wounded. The regiment had now been constantly under fire for a month, had marched over almost impassable roads with but a very scanty supply of rations, and it had rained almost incessantly; the men were becoming exhausted, and a partial halt was made for a few days. On the 15th of June, however, the Sixty-third found itself in the front in the action fought at Lost Mountain, Georgia, and at the close of the fight it had lost six killed and eight wounded. But it is sufficient to say that wherever the Twen¬ ty-third corps was to be found during the Atlanta campaign, the Sixtythird could .be found performing every duty assigned it without flinching. The regiment moved northward with its corps on the 4th of October, in pursuit of Hood, and after hard marching and skirmishes with the enemy, met him at Franklin, Tennessee, on the 30th of November. The Sixtythird fought in that battle behind well-constructed intrenchments, and, al¬ though desperate efforts were made to drive it from its position, they failed, with a loss to the regiment of only one killed and one wounded. It fell back to Nashville soon afterward, with the rest of the army, and took part in the battle at that place, on the 15th and 16th of December, resulting in the complete and overwhelming defeat of the rebel army under General Hood. The Sixty-third, with the rest of the army, followed in pursuit of Hood's fleeing battalions, over almost impassable roads, until they had crossed the Tennessee river. The regiment halted at Clifton, Tennessee, and remained in camp there until the 16th of January, 1865, when it started for Alexandria, Virginia, and, traveling by steamboat and rail, reached that point on the 1st of February. Embarking on a steamer on the 3d, it reached the vicinity of Fort Fisher, North Carolina, on the 7th, and landed on the 9th. On the 12th and 14th of February it participated in the difficult and unsuccessful attempt to turn the rebel General Hood's position, and on the 16th crossed to Smithfield. The next day it moved to Fort Anderson and engaged the enemy, losing one man wounded. The regiment was con¬ stantly engaged in skirmishing with the enemy as it advanced, but it reached Wilmington on the 23d, with a slight loss, and remained there until the 6th of March, when the march was resumed in the direction of Kingston, reaching that place on the 12th, after a severe march of over one hundred miles, through swamps and mud. The men on this march waded across Trent river before daylight on the morning of the nth.

that point the next day, where it remained until the ioth of April, when it moved to Raleigh, and remained there until May 5, when it moved by rail to Greensboro. Here it was employed on guard duty until June 21, 1865, when the six remaining companies were mustered out of service, and re¬ turned to their homes in Indiana. The battalion of four companies had been mustered out at Indianapolis on the 20th of May preceding.

Seventy-Fifth Regiment

This regiment was recruited' at Wabash, Indiana, and was mustered into the service of the United States August 19, 1862, with John U. Petit as colonel. The regiment left Wabash for the front August 21, and ar¬ rived at Louisville, Kentucky, the next day, when it was assigned to the division commanded by General Dumont. The time until December 21 was occupied in marching and counter-marching in Kentucky and repelling threatened attacks from the scattered rebel forces that were in different portions of the central part of the state. In October the health of Colonel Petit was such that he was obliged to resign, and Lieut. -Col. Milton S. Robinson, of the Forty-seventh regiment, was promoted to fill the vacancy. On the 31st of December, when the regiment was at Cave City, Kentucky, orders were received to report immediately at the front, at that time near 'Murfreesboro, Tennessee.

The battle of Stone river was raging at the time. The regiment started immediately, and when it arrived at Nashville word was received that the battle had terminated in a Union victory. The regiment reached Murfrees¬ boro January 7, 1863, and a few days after was assigned to the division commanded by Gen. J. J. Reynolds, in the Fourteenth Corps.

It remained in camp at Murfreesboro until June 24, busily engaged in drilling and in the performance of other duties incident to the life of a soldier.

On the 24th of June the army moved from Murfreesboro, and marched southward in the direction of Tullahoma, where the rebel army, under com¬ mand of General Bragg, held a strongly fortified position. At Hoover's Gap, a strong natural position, the enemy attempted to dispute the advance of the Union army. The division to which the Seventy-fifth belonged was in advance of the left wing of the army, and was ordered to dislodge the enemy from his position. A spirited action was the result, and after some severe fighting the enemy was routed. During this action the Seventy-fifth distinguished itself by its bravery and good conduct, making a brilliant charge on a rebel battery, supported by a large force of infantry, and com- pelling the enemy to retire. On the first of July the Union army took pos¬ session of Tullahoma, the enemy having evacuated it the previous night, Gen¬ eral Rosecrans having secured a position that threatened to cut off his com¬ munications. The Seventy-fifth, with its division, followed in pursuit. The roads were in a terrible condition, owing to the rain that fell almost inces¬ santly for days. All the streams were swollen so that they could be forded only with great difficulty, the bridges all having been destroyed by the retreat¬ ing enemy, and a halt was ordered near Decherd, Tennessee, further pursuit being useless, if not impossible.

The regiment remained at Decherd, and in that vicinity, until the six¬ teenth of August, when it joined the army in the advance upon Chattanooga. On the thirty-first, the Seventy-fifth crossed the Tennessee river, near Shell Mound, and was one of the first regiments to cross that stream on that campaign. From that time until September 19 the regiment was constantly occupied in the movements that preceded the battle of Chickamauga. North¬ ern Georgia is a very rough, mountainous country, and it was with great difficulty that the batteries of artillery and the baggage and supply trains could be moved over the mountainous roads that sometimes were scarcely more than foot-paths. Frequently ropes had to be attached to the artillery and wagons, and they were pulled up the precipitous mountain-sides by the men, sometimes requiring almost superhuman exertion. The nineteenth of September found the Union army and the Rebel army facing each other, Chickamauga creek, a deep, sluggish, crooked stream, separating them.

The Seventy-fifth went into action about eleven o'clock in the forenoon on the nineteenth, and was ordered to relieve some troops whose ammunition was exhausted. The battle was raging fearfully, but the regiment .never flinched and soon drove the enemy from his position. All day, until dark, the "leaden rain and iron hail" fell thick and fast. Finally night drew her curtain around th£ combatants, and they threw themselves upon the ground, literally exhausted by their exertions. At about nine o'clock the next dom¬ ing the battle was renewed. The Union army had thrown up a slight line of breastworks, after daylight, composed of rails and what little earth could be loosened with bayonets and thrown up with men's hands, pick axes and shovels not being procurable there at that time. Large columns of rebels were massed in front of the division, to which the Seventy-fifth belonged, and they attacked the Union lines with reckless fury. Charge upon charge was made upon them, only to be met with bloody repulse. The work of death was continued until after three o'clock in the afternoon, with the most unflinching determination on both sides, and without any result other than terrible slaughter, when, owing to a most unfortunate misunderstand¬ ing as to the true position occupied by a division, near the center of the Union army, the enemy poured through a gap in the lines, and the Union army was cut in two. It was necessary to fall back speedily, in order to prevent the enemy from getting possession of Chattanooga, the prize for which the battle was fought. The enemy had gained the rear of the division, and, in order to escape capture, it was compelled to cut its way through the lines of what seemed the victorious foe. A charge was ordered, and it was gallantly executed. The enemy was swept aside, and the road to Chattanooga was open. That night the Seventy-fifth fell back to Rossville, and the next night marched into Chattanooga. The loss of the regiment, during the two days' battle, in killed and wounded, was one hundred and fifty-one.

The labors incident to defending a besieged position were at once com¬ menced, and were so rapidly carried forward that, before Bragg could recu¬ perate his exhausted battalions, Chattanooga was impregnable. - The army remained in forced quiet, strengthening its fortifications and waiting for sup¬ plies and reinforcements. Finally the latter came, and, on the 24th of No¬ vember, General Hooker attacked the left flank of the enemy, posted on Lookout Mountain, after a brilliant fight, captured and held that important position. At the same time General Sherman attacked the right flank of the enemy, and after hard fighting, secured a position near Tunnel Hill. On the morning of the twenty-fifth General Sherman renewed the attack with great determination, and, in order to hold him in check, Bragg was compelled to weaken the center of his line. Grant was watching this movement from Chattanooga, and, at two o'clock in the afternoon the signal was given to Thomas to attack the enemy in his strong position on Mission Ridge. Prompt¬ ly at the command, the entire army sprang over the works that they had been lying behind, and moved to the attack with as much regularity and precision as it would have moved had it been on the drill ground. The enemy stood for a few moments as though dazed by the spectacle. The movement in¬ creased in rapidity, and soon the foot of the ridge was reached. The enemy by this time comprehended the magnitude of the attack and the imminence of his danger, and made herculean efforts to avert the disaster that threatened him. But this was of no avail. Sweeping forward with the resistlessness of fate itself, the men literally ran up the steep side of the ridge that, under ordinary circumstances, is very difficult of ascent. It seemed that no obstacle could even temporarily hinder or check them, and, soon, gaining the top of the ridge, they utterly routed the enemy, capturing thirty-five out of fortyfour pieces of artillery, over six thousand prisoners, many thousand small arms and a large train, making it one of the most decisive battles of the war. During this splendid battle, the Seventy-fifth bore itself gallantly and won warm praise from the commanding general. The regiment lost twenty-one in killed and wounded.

The next morning it followed in pursuit of the flying foe as far as Ringgold, Georgia, and returned to Chattanooga on the thirtieth. Communi¬ cations were now opened up; the "cracker line/' that for a long time had been almost entirely discontinued, was again put in operation, and compara¬ tive comfort was once more enjoyed. The Seventy-fifth remained in Chatta¬ nooga until the fifteenth of March, when it moved to Ringgold, and remained there engaged in guard duty until May i, 1864, when the entire army was concentrated in the vicinity of Chattanooga, preparatory to starting out on the Atlanta campaign. On the fifth of May the movement commenced. The limits of this work forbid giving a description of all the battles in which the Seventy-fifth* was engaged during that campaign. The first battle of the campaign was that of Resaca, May 15; the last one was that of Lovejoy's Station, September 2. During that entire time the regiment was under fire almost continually, and hardly a day passed without either a severe skirmish or an actual battle. The regiment took an active part in the battles of Resaca, Dalton, Adairsville. Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Cassville, Peach Tree Creek, siege of Atlanta, Jonesboro and Lovejoy Station. During all these battles it acquitted itself honorably and well and was a credit to the great state it in part represented.

After the evacuation of Atlanta by the rebel army, the regiment re¬ turned to that place from Jonesboro on the fourth of September, and rested until the fourth of October. The rebel commander. General Hood, having undertaken, bv a flank movement, to gain the rear of Sherman's army, cut his communications, and, marching northward, tried to transfer the field of battle from the heart of the Confederacy to more northern fields. Sherman, with his army, started on the fourth of October in pursuit of him.

Hood attacked the garrison at Altoona, where there was a large quantity of stores that were absolutely indispensable to Sherman, and the loss of which would have rendered the Atlanta campaign a comparative failure. The Fourteenth Army Corps, to which the Seventy-fifth belonged, marched rap¬ idly, and, reaching the vicinity in time to threaten Hood's rear, compelled him to withdraw. The regiment moved on in pursuit as far as Gaylesville, Ala¬ bama, where it halted. In the meanwhile Hood marched on, supposing that Sherman would follow in his rear; but there was where he made a fatal mistake. General Thomas, with the Fourth and Twenty-third corps, marched rapidly on the direction of Nashville, and, gaining a position between that place and Hood, was left to take care of himself, while Sherman, with the Fourteenth and Twentieth corps and the Army of the Tennessee, marched back to Atlanta, and, after destroying everything that the army could not make use of, including the railroad, started on the sixteenth of November on his great "majch to the sea."

The regiment, during this march, met with no losses of any consequence and on December 21 marched into Savannah, that city having surrendered on that day. Over one thousand prisoners, one hundred and fifty pieces of artillery, a large amount of ammunition, a large number of locomotives and cars, thirty-three thousand bales of cotton, and a very large quantity of materials of war were among the fruits of this victory, a victory that ren¬ dered the downfall of the rebellion speedy and certain. The Fourteenth corps remained at Savannah until January 26, 1865, when it took up the line of march. This corps constituted a part of the left wing of Sherman's army, and it marched northward through South Carolina to Goldsboro, North Carolina, arriving at that place on the twenty-fifth of March. On the march the Seventy-fifth was engaged in the battles of Averasboro and Bentonville. They were each of them hotly contested, and their results were fatal to the rebellion. The regiment was fortunate in meeting with but slight loss in either.

It remained at Goldsboro until April 11, when it moved with the army in the direction of Raleigh. The march was deliberate and easy, as the rail¬ road from Goldsboro to Raleigh had been destroyed by the enemy, and had to be 'rebuilt.

The Seventy-fifth reached the vicinity of Raleigh on the fourteenth of April. It was engaged in a slight skirmish, on the march, at Smithfield, which is believed to be the last action in which infantry was engaged with the enemy in North Carolina. On the fourteenth of April negotiations were opened between Sherman and the rebel general, Johnston, and active opera¬ tions were suspended, which finally ended in the formal surrender of Johns¬ ton and his army on the twenty-sixth. The war now being virtually ended, on the thirtieth of April the Seventy-fifth marched with its corps, and, passing through Richmond, Virginia, reached the city of Washington on the nine¬ teenth of May, and on the eighth of June it was mustered out of the service and a few days after left Washington for Indianapolis, where it was finally discharged on the fourteenth of June.

Before leaving Washington a number of recruits of the Seventy-fifth, whose term of enlistment had not expired, were transferred to the Fortysecond Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry and they continued to serve

Ninetieth Regiment

The. Ninetieth, or Fifth Cavalry, Regiment was recruited at Indianapo¬ lis in the fall of 1862. It was sent into the field in detachments as the com¬ panies were organized, and they were stationed along the Ohio river and in Kentucky, at different points, until the fourteenth of March, 1863, when the scattered companies, in obedience to orders, concentrated at Glasgow, Ken¬ tucky. Felix W. Graham had been commissioned colonel in the December previous. The regiment was kept busy scouting the country along the Cum¬ berland river, skirmishing frequently with the enemy, until the nineteenth of April, when it crossed that stream in the presence of nearly an equal force of the enemy and drove them nearly three miles. It then fell back and burned the town of Celina, Tennessee, on account of the inhabitants having fired on the regiment as it passed through the place, and recrossed the river. From that time until the twenty-second of June, it was constantly engaged in skirmishing with the enemy and scouting, in which it succeeded in cap¬ turing many prisoners, and ridding that portion of Kentucky of the enemy. The regiment then marched to Scottsville, and then to Tompkinsville, where it was stationed on the fourth of July, when it received orders to march in pursuit of the rebel general, John H. Morgan, who was reported to have crossed the Cumberland river and to be making his way north. Marching rapidly through southern and central Kentucky, the regiment reached Louis¬ ville, and, embarking on transports, ascended the Ohio river to Portsmouth, where it landed on the nineteenth of July, and met Morgan's force near Buffington, where he was trying to cross the river, and escape the force by which he was surrounded. A sharp conflict ensued, in which Morgan was badly defeated, many of his command being killed or wounded and the re¬ mainder either captured or scattered over the country, so that it was power¬ less to do further harm. The Ninetieth also captured five pieces of artillery. It then returned to Louisville and marched thence to Glasgow, reaching there on the ninth of August. On the eighteenth of August the regiment marched for Knoxville, Tennessee.- and arrived there in advance of the Union forces, under General Burnside, on the first of September.

From that time until February 1, 1864, the Fifth Cavalry was con¬ stantly engaged in the most arduous duty in east Tennessee. It scarcely knew any rest, but was constantly engaged in scouting and skirmishing with the enemy. On the twentieth of September if had a spirited engagement with the enemy near Zollicoffer and on the twenty-second at Blountsville, at which latter place it captured a large number of prisoners and a piece of artillery. On the eleventh of October it met and fought alone three thousand of the enemy, and after it was entirely surrounded cut its way through the lines of the enemy and escaped, inflicting heavy punishment upon him. Meeting with some other troops, it at once turned around, and, falling upon the enemy near Rheatown, the fight was renewed, and he was compelled to fall back until night put a close to the conflict, during which he escaped. On the morning of the fourteenth, the Fifth met the enemy again near Blountsville and fought him until darkness again intervened. At Maynardville, on the thirtieth of November and on the first of December, it had another stubborn conflict, which was renewed at Walker's Ford, at five o'clock on the morning of the second and lasted until two o'clock in the afternoon. The regiment was opposed by a largely superior force, and was driven back three miles, when re-enforcements reached it and the enemy was driven in turn.

On the fourteenth and fifteenth it was engaged in a severe action at Bean's Station, lasting nearly fifteen hours. On January 17, 1864, the regi¬ ment was engaged with the enemy at Dandridge, fighting continually from ten o'clock in the morning until three o'clock in the afternoon, making some brilliant charges, when, finding that it was opposed by an overwhelming force of cavalry and infantry, the command retreated to Knoxville, by way of New Market, Kinney's Ford and Strawberry Plains, reaching Knoxville January 19, 1864.

On the twenty-fourth the regiment turned over its horses to another regiment and made a scouting expedition, on foot, to the vicinity of Seviersville, and then marched to Cumberland Gap, reaching there February tenth, and from there marched to Mount Sterling, Kentucky, on the twenty-sixth, having made a scouting expedition on the Virginia road on the way.

- The Fifth remained at Mount Sterling until the first of May, during which time it was remounted and refitted, at which time it marched to Tunnel Hill, Georgia, arriving there on the twelfth, and at once joined the command of General Stoneman. On the thirteenth it marched with the cavalry corps on the Atlanta campaign, and was constantly engaged in the cavalry operations of the army, from Dalton to Decatur, Georgia. On the "Stoneman Raid,'' to the rear of Atlanta, the regiment was surrendered to the enemy, by command of General Stoneman, after it was entirely sur¬ rounded and escape seemed hopeless, over the solemn protest of Colonel But¬ ler, who was in command of the regiment, and to the great surprise and against the indignant remonstrances of the men, who had the most unbounded confidence in their ability to cut their way through anything less solid than a stone wall. A portion of the regiment had been dismounted, following hard service, and had been left at Decatur, under command of Major Leeson; they were placed upon duty by order of General Sherman, and they exchanged their carbines for muskets.

On the thirteenth of September they were ordered to Kentucky, where they remained on guard duty until January 17, 1865, when, having 'been exchanged, remounted, armed and equipped, the regiment started on. the march from Louisville to Pulaski, Tennessee, arriving at the latter point February 12. It remained in that vicinity, scouting the country for bush¬ whackers and outlaws, until June 16, at which time it was mustered out of service, and returned to Indianapolis, reaching that place June 21, 1865, and was discharged. Companies G, L and M, having been mustered into the service after October 1, 1862, were not entitled to be mustered out with the regiment, and they, with a number of recruits whose term of enlistment had not expired, were transferred to the Sixth Indiana Cavalry, 'and were mus¬ tered out with that regiment at Murfreesboro, Tennessee, September 15, 1865.

One Hundred And First Regiment

This regiment was recruited at Wabash, and was mustered into the service of the United States September 7, 1862, with William Garver,. of Noblesville, as colonel.

The next day it was ordered to proceed by rail to Cincinnati, and, on its arrival at that place, was immediately sent across the Ohio river to Cov¬ ington, Kentucky, and assigned a position in the line of fortifications surround¬ ing that place, until the rebel general, Kirby Smith, who had been threatening to attack the position, withdrew his force. On the twenty-third of Septem¬ ber the regiment embarked on a steamer and went to Louisville, Kentucky, where it remained until October 1, when it marched with the army under the command of General Buell in pursuit of the rebel army, under command of General Bragg, who, foiled in his attempt to capture Louisville, was falling back in the direction of Cumberland Gap, in east Tennessee.

The division to which the One Hundred and First was assigned marched through Taylorsville and Berryville, and reached Maxwell on the seventh. At that place the regiment was detailed to guard the division supply train and escort it to Springfield, and thence to Crab Orchard. Bragg, having by that time made good his escape into east Tennessee, Buell turned around and marched for Nashville in order to retain possession of that place, which it was Bragg's intention to secure if possible. Passing through Lebanon to Munfordsville, the One Hundred and First was assigned to duty, guarding the railroad bridge across Green river at that place, where it remained until November 30, when it was relieved and ordered to Glasgow, and from there to Castilian Springs, Tennessee, where it remained until December 26, when it was ordered to join the other troops stationed at that point in pursuit of the rebel general, John H. Morgan, who was engaged in making one of his periodical raids into Kentucky.

After a week employed in rapid marching over almost impassable roads, and fording streams swollen to their utmost size by the rain that was falling almost continually, the regiment returned to Castilian Springs, Morgan hav¬ ing eluded pursuit,, and the next day marched to Murfreesboro, reaching that place January 11, and went into camp. It was a few days after assigned to the Second brigade, Fourth division, Fourteenth Army Corps, with the Sev¬ enty-fifth Indiana Regiment. The histories of the two regiments, from that time until their arrival in the city of Washington, May 19, 1865, are identical,, and, as a pretty full history of the Seventy-fifth is given elsewhere in this work, the reader is referred to it, if he desires to follow the One Hundred and First over many a hard-fought battlefield and weary march.

On the fourteenth of June the regiment left Washington for Louisville, Kentucky, arriving there on the nineteenth, and was mustered out of service on the twenty-fourth of June, and proceeded at once to Indianapolis and was discharged the next day. The One Hundred and First saw a great deal of hard service, and was in every respect an excellent regiment.

One Hundred And Thirtieth Regiment

This regiment was organized at Kokomo and was mustered into the service of the United States March 12, 1864, with Charles S. Parrish as colonel. On the sixteenth it was ordered to proceed to Louisville, Kentucky, by rail, and from there to Nashville, Tennessee, where it was assigned to the Second brigade, First division, Twenty-third Army Corps. On the fifth of April the command was ordered to march to London, East Tennessee, and started at once, but before reaching that point its destination was changed to Charleston, East Tennessee, where it arrived on the twenty- fourth, footsore and weary. A few days of rest were allowed here, and on the third of May the regiment, with its corps, marched toward Dalton, Georgia, and came upon the enemy at Rock Face Ridge on the ninth, where he was strongly entrenched in a position of great natural strength. The regiment was in advance, and attacked the enemy at once, driving him into his works, which he was soon compelled to leave in consequence of a flank movement that was made by another part of the army.

On the twelfth the regiment passed through Snake Creek Gap and, after marching through a dense forest, went into position near Resaca on the fourteenth, having been engaged during part of the day in severe skirmishing with the enemy.

The next day the severe battle of Resaca was fought, and the enemy defeated and driven across the Oostanaula river. The regiment joined in the pursuit. The roads were almost impassable, the rain fell in almost unceasing torrents, and the supply of provisions was short - so much so that only half rations were issued, but the men pushed on uncomplainingly and full of en¬ thusiasm. On the nineteenth the enemy was found strongly entrenched at Cassville, which place he evacuated after a severe fight on the night of that day, and on the twentieth crossed the Etowah river. Pursuit was again made, and the One Hundred and Thirtieth reached the bank of the EtQwah on the twenty-third. Here it encamped for two days, waiting for supplies. On the morning of the twenty-fifth the march was again resumed, and, crossing the river at Shellman's Ford, pushed on in the direction of Marietta. The progress of the army was necessarily slow, as the enemy stubbornly con¬ tested every foot of the ground ; but he was steadily pushed back through the deep ravines and across the almost numberless streams that intersect north¬ ern Georgia, and the rain was still falling and adding to the discomfort of all.

On the seventeenth of June the regiment was engaged in a spirited en¬ gagement at Lost Mountain, in which the enemy was defeated; and again, on the twenty-second, it was engaged in an attack upon the enemy at Pine Mountain, with a similar result. On the twenty-seventh, during the desperate charge made by the Army of the Cumberland on the enemy's center, at Kenesaw Mountain, the Twenty-third Corps made an attack upon the enemy's left flank, on Olley's creek, and, driving him behind his works, secured a position that opened the road for another flank movement on his right and rear.

The One Hundred and Thirtieth was conspicuous in this engagement for the tenacity with which it held its ground against what seemed to be overwhelming odds. On the night of the third of July the main force of the enemy evacuated his position at Kenesaw Mountain and retired across the Chattahoochie river, and the next day the regiment, with its corps, marched in pursuit of him, and on the eleventh crossed the Chattahoochie, at Phillips'