Henry County, Indiana - Chapter 6: The Bar Op Henry County, 1884 (part 1 of 2)

Chapter 6: The Bar Op Henry County

Introduction, - Character and Standing- of Henry County Lawyers. - List of Attorneys Admitted to the Bar from 1822 to - Early Lawyers. - Abraham Elliott, Lot Bloomfield!, James Gilmore and Others. - Hon. Jehu T. Elliott. Colonel Edmund Johnson. - Hon. B. L. Polk. - Prominent Members of THE Present Bar. - Hon. M. L. Bundy. - General Wm. Grose. - Hon. J. H. Mellett. - Hon. M. E. Forkner and Other Pepresentative Lawyers.

The history of the bar of Henry County is a record of able and honorable men. At the bar, upon the bench, in official and in private life, the lawyers of this county have won and sustained reputations for character, integrity and ability entitling them to an exceptionally high rank in the profession.

Attorneys Admitted

The following list includes the names of all the attorneys ever admitted to the bar of Henry County, so far as it is possible to obtain them from the court records. September, 1822, Lot Bloomfield, James Hoble, James Rariden, Ahraham Elliott, James Gilmore. August Term, 1823, Charles H. Test, Martin M. Ray. November, 1823, William R. Morris. April, 1821, James B. Ray,* James Mendall. November, 1821, Calvin Fletcher, Oliver H. Smith, Philip Sweetsir. April, 1825, Moses Cox. April,1826, John B. Chapman. October, 1826, Albert S. White. April, 182T, Samuel C. Sample. April, 1828, Marinus Willett, David Patton. October, 1828, William Daley, Caleb B. Smith. October, 1829, James T. Browne. September, 1830, Samuel Bigger, William J. Brown. March, 1831, John M. Alley, Jonathan A. Liston. September, 1831, William Nelson. March, 1832, Samuel W. Parker, David Kilgore, Abner Haynes. September, 1832, Damd Macy. April, 1833,

The following gentlemen were admitted to the bar of Henry County in the Court of Common Pleas, from 1853 to 1872: January Term, 1853, James Brown, Andrew T. Pentecost. April Term, 1855, George W. Leonard. July Term, 1857, - - Meredith, H.

In the foregoing lists the names of all who are known to have resided and practiced in Henry County are printed in italics. The records seem to have been imperfectly kept, for in some instances the names of those who are known to have been admitted cannot be found.

Lot Bloomfield, the first attorney admitted to the bar of Henryk County, and who figured conspicuously at the opening of the first court m the county, resided principally at Centreville, Wayne j ' Co., where he located in 1820. He was a man of sound scholarship and good intellect, but was not particularly successful as a '' lawyer. Later in life he engaged in the mercantile business and ^ was successful. He died in Indianapolis.

Abkaham Elliott, the first lawyer who settled at the county > seat, was a native of Guilford County, N. C. He came to Wayne4 County at an early day, and was one of the prominent early set- f tiers there. In 1823 he removed to what is still known as the Elliottfarin, near New Castle, and soon after opened a law ofiice in 4''^ the town. He was a man of good ability, and for several years ^ | transacted a considerable part of the legal business of the county ^ 3 He was subsequently a Justice of the Peace, and an Associate^" Judge. He was the father of the late Hon. Jehu T. Elliott, and after the admission of the latter to the bar devoted himself less to legal business. He retired from pr^j:Mca entirely, on account of poor health, several years before he, died. Judge Eliiott was a plain * £

James Gilmoke, one of the attorneys admitted in 1822, died in 1826 He served as Prosecuting Attorney in 1823, and as a member of the Board ot Justices, which performed the duties of county commissioners, i^824, 1825 and 1826, until his death.

Hon. Jehu T:^ Elliott, one of the ablest and most honored members ot the Henry County bar, was born near Eichmond, Wayne 0., Ind., Feb. 7, 1813. His father, Abraham Elliott, settled on a farm one and a half miles from the town of Hew Castle, in

1823. The family was large, and it was necessary that each 'member should contribute by his labor toward its maintenance. The subject of this notice had but limited school privileges, but making good use of his time and opportunities, he was able to engage in teaching school at the age of eighteen, and for two years he followed that occupation. His father, a member of the bar in good standing, had intended his son for the legal profession, and therefore placed him, at the age of twenty, in the office of Martin M.Kay , a lawyer of large practice, in Centreville, Wayne County. After about a year he was admitted to the bar, and on completion of his studies returned to Hew Castle and opened an office. His talents soon gained for him a lucrative ^fjactice. On the 21th of October, ^1833, he married Miss Hannah Branson, who survives him.

^ Judge Elliott's first office was that of Assistant Secretary of the i X House of Kepresentatives of the State Legislature, a position to 5? which he was re-elected, and in 1837 he became Secretary of tne ^ Vhouso. In 1838 he was elected Prosecuting Attorney for the Judi- 3? ? cial Circuit in which he resided. In August, 1839, he was elected

K State Senator for three years. In 1814-, at the comparatively 5 V ^ youthful age of thirty- one years, he was chosen by the Legislature ^ as Circuit Judge. His judicial circuit embraced eight counties in ^ ? one of the most prosperous and populous sections of the State. In j re-elected to the same important office, for the term

H?? lof seven years, but in 1852 resigned the office to accept the presi- - ^ dency of a railroad, which was then building from Eichmond to x'ie 5 ^Chicago. He resigned this position in 1854, and the following ^ year was elected Circuit Judge by the people. Serving with dis-

^.tinction in this capacity until 1864, he was then elected one oi the i Judges of the Supreme Court of Indiana. The bar oi the circuit S' ^ over which he had so long presided embraced many ^ eminent law- ^ ? ^yers, among whom may be mentioned James Kariden, John S. ^r^.'^Hewman, Charles H. Test, Caleb B. Smith, Samuel W. Parker ^ ^ S? and James Perry. It was the opinion of these gentlemen, and J other competent judges,"remarks his biographer, "that, as a Circuit Judge, his ability was of the highest order, and it is certain that ? no iudo*e ever gave greater satisfaction than he. His popularity was such that no one ever opposed him for the place successfully and when it was known that he was a candidate an election followed, of course. The opinions he delivered during the six years he occupied a seat on the Supreme bench, bear evidence of

" On retiring from the Supreme bench, he resumed the practice of the law, and was thus engaged when death overtook him. The community in which the Judge so long resided placed a very high estimate on his ability and integrity. He was the friend and counselor of the young men who embarked in the profession, and such as these esteemed him very highly. The litigant always felt that in the decision of his case, the Judge would bring to his aid thorough knowledge of the law and impartiality, and if he lost his suit, it was because the law and facts compelled a decision the other way; and therefore lawyers and their clients submitted cheerfully to adverse decisions. It was by this means that he won the title of ' the model judge.' He" served eighteen years as Circuit Judge, and six years on the Supreme bench, making twenty-four years in all; and from 1835 to 1871 he was continually in the public service. Few men who die at the age of sixty-three have served the public so long, and with such universal commendation as Judge Elliott."

He died at his home in Hew Castle, Feb. 12, 1876. The bar of Henry County adopted a set of resolutions, which, though highly eulogistic, are but a true expression of the esteem in which he was held bv all who knew him. -eS

Eli Murphey, deceased. This gentleman, one of the early settiers of Hew Castle, and for many years a most prominent citizen,A'' died Sept. 11, 1877. He was born in Horth Carolina, May 5, 1811, and came to Henry Count}" with his parents in 1823. Being a ready scholar he obtained a good education for those days, and together with the late Hon. Jehu T. Elliott read law under M. M. ^ Kay, of Centreville. He and Judge Elliott were admitted to S the bar at the same term of court in 1833, and Mr. Murphey began practicing in Hew Castle. During the cholera epidemic of 1833, ^ when as many of the inhabitants as possible left Hew Castle, young ^ Murphey remained and was a faithful and constant attendant upon ^ the suffering. In 1834 he was elected Clerk of the Circuit Court ^ for Henry County. In 1835 he married Kebecca Carpenter, who bore five children. In 1845 Mr. Murphey was elected State Senator, ^ o and during his term he served upon several important commit - k i tees. He reported and advocated the bill chartering the Hew Castie & Richmond Railroad, and was earnest as a promoter of that^ enterprise. For some time he served as Treasurer of the railroad -5 23 CcvwrO.

company. In 1861 he became a partner of Hon. S. T. Powell in the practice of law. He was prominent in business and stood high as a citizen. A devoted member of the Christian church, and a man of benevolent nature and noble character, his death was greatly mourned.

Colonel Edmund Johnson, deceased, was long a member of the Henry County bar, and stood very "high professionally and socially. He was born in Windham County, Conn., Nov. 20, 1813, and resided in his native county until he attained his majority. He received his primary education at the Plainfield Academy, and for some time attended the Brownsville Academy. About the year

1839 he located at Hew Castle and opened a law office, having previously read law under Hon. Martin M. Ray, of Wayne County. Possessed of a good mind, ready talent and skill, he soon became prominent in his profession. After an honorable career at the bar, he retired from active business some twelve years before his death. He was a candidate for Representative to Congress on the Democratic ticket in 1862, and again in 1874. Colonel Johnson died in 1876. He was married in 1846 to Miss Frances, daughter of Gr. and M. W. Chorn. Mrs, Johnson is still living. She was born in Rush County, Ind., where her parents settled in 1828. Her father was born in Kentucky, and her mother in Alabama. Colonel Johnson was the father of nine children, of whom five are living - India (wife of Asa Hatch), May C., George S., Bertha B. and Edmund P.

Hon. George W. Julian, the distinguished lawyer and statesman, was for a time a Hew Castle lawyer, almost at the outset of his brilliant career. Born in Wayne County in 1817, and admitted to the bar in 1840, he became a member of the Henry County bar in 1841, and for a short time practiced in Hew Castle. But as he left this county before entering upon public life, his subsequen t biography does not fall within the scope of this work.

Hon. Martin L. Bundy, of Hew Castle, was born in Randolph County, H. C., Hov. 11, 1818, and was brought to the State of Indiana when three months old, where he has ever since resided. The family first settled near Richmond and remained there about two years, removing in the spring of 1821 to a part of what is known as the Woodward farm adjoining the land on which Hew Castle was laid out in 1822. He received his education in the common schools of the time, spending one year, however, in ^ Miami University, at Oxford, Ohio, then the leading college of the > West, which was under the presidency of the Eev. E. H. Bishop,

In the month of June, 1837, he entered the office of Dr. Joel'^'^ Eeed, then Eecorder of Henry County, and served as deputy four ^ ^ years. In the meantime he entered the law office of Hon. J. T. Elliott, then the leading practitioner in Hew Castle, whose siste he married Dec. 6, 1_839. He was admitted to the bar and commenced the pracuceof law at Hew Castle in 1842. He was elected County Treasurer of Henry County in August, 1844, and served as such three years, declining a re-election. He was a member of the Whig party and an ardent admirer of Henry Clay, and gave him a cordial support for the Presidency in 1844. He was a member of the Whig national Convention of 1848, which nominated Zachary Taylor for the Presidency. The same year he was nominated and elected a member of the State Legislature. In 1852 he was elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas and re-elected in 1856, serving as such till October, 1860, when he was elected a member of the Legislature which made provision for the raising of troops to suppress the Eebellion. He gave an unwavering support to the war measures and his services were highly appreciated by Governor Morton. Having been appointed a paymaster of the army in August, 1861, he reported for duty at St. Louis, and served thereuntil June, 1862, when ho was transferred to Louisville, Ky. The Paymaster-General speaks of him as follows: "The efficiency and im telligence with which you have performed all your duties cause the deepest regret at being compelled to part with you." He served nearly five years in this capacity and returned in the spring of 1866. Having,^ with several other gentlemen, started the First national Bank in 1864, he was made President of that institution.

He retired from that bank in 1873, and in the following year started^ the Bundy Hational Bank. He was a member of the Philadelpnia Convention in 1856, which organized the Eepublican party and nominated John C. Fremont for the Presidency. He was Examiner of the Hational Banks of Indiana from 1867 to 1874, under the Treasury Department. He was one of the delegates from his district in the Hational Convention of 1872, which nominated

General William Grose, who has won honorable distinction both in military and civil affairs, has been a member of the bar of Henry County since 1843. He was born in Montgomery County, Ohio, Dec. 16, 1812, and is the son of William and Mary ( Hubbell) Grose, the former a native of Pennsylvania and the latter of New Jersey. His grandfather, Jacob Grose, was killed in the Eevolutionary war, and his father served under General Harrison in the war of 1812. William Grose, the subject of this notice, came with his parents to Fayette County, Ind., in the spring of 1813, and thence in 1829 to Henry County, The family settled six miles south of New Castle and entered upon the difficult task of creating a home in the midst of a wilderness. The parents of General Grose reared a family of five sons and two daughters, of whom four are still living. The names of these children were Joseph, Daniel, William, Ahizah, Sarah, Mary and Isaac. The father died in 1875 and the mother in 1874, both at a ripe old age.

William Grose had but slight educational privileges, but he was fond of study and took advantage of every opportunity of adding to his knowledge. He became able to teach school and followed that occupation in winter, assisting his father on the farm in summer. j^fter attaining his majority he began life for himself, working on a farm and in a brick-yard. In 1836 he married Miss Rebecca Needham and soon after began reading law. His preceptors were Judges Elliott and Test, though the greater part of his studying was performed at home. He was admitted to the bar in the spring of 1843, and in 1846 stood an examination and was licensed to practice in the Supreme Court. His practice soon became extensive and lucrative and he rapidly rose to prominence among the legal fraternity. He was a Democrat until 1854; but in 1856 was one of the body which met at Pittsburg to organize the Republican party. In 1856 he received an election to the State Legislature, but declined to be a candidate for the same office at the following election. In 1860 Mr. Grose was elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for a term of four years. The commencement of the war caused him to resign this office in July, 1861, at which time he received from Governor Morton a commission as Colonel of the Thirty-sixth Regiment of Indiana V^olunteer Infantry. The regimental organization was soon completed and in September it reported to General Sherman at Louisville, Ky. Soon afterward the regiment was ordered by General Buell to New Haven, Ky., where it remained until it became a part of Ammen's brigade in Nelson's division at Camp Wickliffe, Ky. The division marched to the Ohio Kiver in February, 1862, thence proceeded by boat to the Cumberland, and ascending that river, arrived at Nashville on the 25th of the month. The Thirty-sixth Indiana and the Sixth Ohio were the first troops to enter the city and dislodge the rebel cavalry. Thence proceeding to Shiloh, Colonel Grose's regiment was the only portion of Buell's army that took part in the first day's fight. On the second day (the 7th ot* April), on account of the disability of Colonel Aininen, Colonel Grose became brigade commander, in which capacity he acted until the organization of the Army of the Cumberland, after which he commanded the third brigade, first division, fourth corps of that army. With his brigade he was in the first battle at Corinth, Miss., and from that place proceeded through Mississippi and Alabama into Tennessee, thence to Kentucky where he participated in the battle of Perry ville, and again into Tennessee. He took part, as brigade commander, in the battles of Stone River, 'Chickamauga, Chattanooga, Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge, and was in all the battles of the Atlanta campaign.

He was commissioned Brigadier-General when in front of Atlanta in July, 1864:. Thenceforth until the close of the war, he commanded the brigade, division and corps alternately. At Jonesboro and Lovejoy Station he was engaged with his corps. General Grose then returned to General Thomas, and after participating in the battles of Franklin and Nashville, joined in the pursuit of Hood's Army. At Huntsville, Ala., in January, 1865, he received a commission as Major-General. In June, 1865, he was made president of a court-martial, and was engaged in the duties of that position until Jan. 1, 1866. He then resigned and returned to New Castle. The military career of General Grose is a record of such grand achievements as entitle him to a prominent place among our country's brave defenders. In May, 1866, he was appointed Revenue-Collector of the Fifth Indiana district, in which capacity he served eight years. In 1878 he was nominated as a Representative to Congress, and defeated by only a small majority during the general political disturbance of that time. He is at present one of the commissioners for building additional insane hospitals in the State.

affairs, and his old age finds him the possessor of a competency adequate to his wants, a cheerful and pleasant home, and best of all, a contented mind. Mrs. Grose, a most estimable lady, died May 23, 1879, in the sixtieth year of her age, leaving five children li^ing - Sarah M., wife of John M. Moore, miner and stockbroker, of 78 Broadway, Kew York; Ella, wife of General C. C. Clements, attorney, Washington, D. C.; Madison, of Indianapolis; Adolphus, U. S. gauger, at Cincinnati; and James L. in the telephone service in Chicago.

Hon. Joshua H. Mellett, ex-judge of the Circuit Court, was born in Monongalia County, W. Ya., April 9, 1824. His father, John Mellett, settled on a farm in the northern part of Henry ^ County in the fall of 1830, and there resided until his death in 1838. The mother of Judge Mellett died in 1854, having borne thirteen children, of whom five are now living. Her maiden name was Mary A. Hickman, and she was of Scotch descent. Joshua H. Mellett, coming to the county when a mere boy, had only the privileges afforded by the country schools of that early day until he was sixteen years of age. He then came to Hew Castle and for about a year attended the seminary. Soon afterward he began the study of law. Colonel Edmund Johnson, lately deceased, being his preceptor. Applying himself with diligence, in the fall of 1844 he was admitted to the bar, and while yet a minor, licensed to practice, contrary to the usual rule. His ability became recognized, and in 1848, less than four years after being licensed, he was elected to the office of prosecuting attorney for the circuit for a term of two years. At the expiration of the term he was re-elected. He was first called to office by the Whigs, but on the organization of the Republican party he gave it his support, and at the general election of 1858 was chosen to represent his county in the Legislature for two years. In 1860 he was chosen State Senator. In this office Reserved four years, taking an active part in legislation and holding responsible positions upon committees.

In 1870 he was elected to the honorable and important position of Circuit Judge. The circuit - then the thirteenth - comprised the counties of Henry, Hancock, Grant and Delaware. This office he filled very ably for six years, then retired to devote himself to law practice, associating with himself Hon. E. H. Bundy, who still continues a member of the firm. Judge Mellett opened a law office in Hew Castle in 1848, and this place has since been his home. In every public position which he has been called upon to fill he is nevertheless entitled to a place among the members of Henry County bar, with which he has long been connected. Mr. Powell was born in Wayne County, Ind., Aug. 21, 1821. His parents, John and Margaret (Huff) Powell, were natives of Kentucky. They moved to Wayne County in 1816 and settled upon a farm within the present limits of Cambridge City. Here the family remained several years, then removed to Illinois. Simon, when a boy, contracted a cold while bathing, the effect of whicli rendered him lame for life. After attending the common schools in Champaign, 111., he entered St. Gabriels College, Vincennes, Ind., where he remained about three years. He then returned to Cambridge City and studied the languages under the well-known educator, Prof. S. K. Hoshour. In 1841 Mr. Powell came to New Castle, to take charge of the Henry County Seminary. This position he filled very ably for about four years, meantime devoting his spare time to the study of the law. He then became Deputy County Clerk, holding the place until 1850, when he was elected Clerk. At the expiration of his term of office in 1855, Mr. Powell entered upon the practice of law in which he was successfully engaged until the outbreak of the war. He was an earnest Union man, and an intimate friend of Governor Morton. Mr. Powell aided the cause of his country by every means in his power. Both of his sons entered the army; one, Adjutant Orlistus W. Powell, was killed at Chickamauga; the other, Henry L., was wounded at the battle of Rich Mountain and has never recovered from the effects of his injuries.

After the war Mr. Powell assisted in establishing the First National Bank of New Castle, of which he was made vice-president. In 1868 he was a delegate to the Republican National Convention which met in Chicago, and in 1872 he took an active part, as a delegate at Philadelphia, favoring the renomination of General Grant.

In 1876 he was a delegate to the Cincinnati convention and earnestly advocated the nomination of ex-Governor Morton for the presidency. At Chicago, in 1880, he was one of the noted "306;" and being strongly in sympathy with that movement, he firmly supported the cause of General Grant.

visor of Internal E-evenue and for pearly live years he administered the duties of that responsible position faithfully and well. In 1877 he became President of the Bundy INational Bank, in which position he served about four years. Since retiring from this office he has devoted himself to his many business interests.

Mr. Powell was married in 1812 to Elizabeth, daughter of Judge David Hooper, of Wayne County, who bore four children - Henry L. ; Elizabeth, who died young; Kate, wife of W. H. Elliott; and Orlistus W., deceased. Mrs. Powell died in 1881. In 1883 Mr. Powell married Miss Melvina Conway, of Wayne Comity.

Hon. E. B. Martindale was born in Wayne County, Ind., Aug. 22, 1828. His parents moved to Henry County in 1832 and settled on a farm four miles east of New Castle, where he was brought up to farm life until the age of sixteen, when he was apprenticed to the saddler's trade. In attending school during the winter months, and afterward working at his trade on Saturdays, and attending the county seminary during the week, he obtained at twenty a fair English education. He studied law and practiced that profession in New Castle from 1850 to 1862, during which time he held one term the office of District Attorney and one term the office of Prosecuting Attorney for the counties of Wayne, Henry, Eandolph and Delaware. In 1861 he was appointed Judge of the Common Pleas Court. In May, 1862, he removed to Indianapolis, and has from that time to the present been connected with many leading enterprises which have contributed to the growth and prosperity of the city. In 1876 Judge Martindale purchased the Indianapolis Journal which he conducted very ably until 1880. He is now engaged in the insurance business in Indianapolis.

James Brown, a very able and successful attorney, was born in Henry County, Aug. 7, 1828. His parents were Isaac and Mary (Mendenhall) Brown, natives of North Carolina, who came to Liberty Township, Henry County, in 1825. James was reared on a farm, and after attending the pioneer schools, went to the Union Seminary in Wayne County. He learned the blacksmith's trade when a boy and worked at it for about five years. When about twenty-two years old he entered the office of Grose & Mellett as a student and remained about two years. Being admitted to the bar, he at once began practice, and soon after became the partner of General William Grose, a relation which continued until Mr. Brown was elected District Prosecutor. In this office he served

E L Polk, with whom be continued about eight years. The partnership was dissolved on Mr. Polk becoming Judge. He next practiced in partnership with Josepli M. Brown, and is at present L senior member of the firm Brown & Brown, his son, W A Brown, being the junior partner. As a skillful and competen lawyer, Mr. Brown stands among the foremost in liis profession. - He was married in 1852 to Elizabeth A., daughter of Carpenter, Esq., of Wayne County, and has three cliildren-Mary A . mfe of William Albright; W. A. and Fannie A. ^ ^ ^ born near Newark, Licking Co., Ohio, March 5 1825. Heprived by circumstances of early educational advantages, he reached the age of sixteen years without having learned to read or write. By determined energy, which so highly charaoteiized him in later life, he made such use of his meager opportunities that in 1847 he was prepared to commence the study of medicine, a profession to which he then expected to devote his life. In March, 1850, he received the degree of Hooter of Medicine fiom Eclectic Medical Institute of Medicine of Cincinnati He located at New Castle in 1851, to engage in the practice of his profession. Though young in years he became from the first a ®"coesstu physician. He soon discovered that the practice of medicine did not open to him the field in which to gratify his ambition so he retired from it at the expiration of two years, and purdiased the Newcastle Courier office, and was connected with this paper as editor and publisher for some eighteen montlis. He next studied law and graduated with honor at the law school of Cincinnati, in 1855. In this profession he became a successful practitioner. Ue was married June 10, 1852, to Miss Ctoinda Woodward, a noble lady, daughter of Asahel Woodward, one of the first settlers o New Castle. In 1861, when the tocsin of war sounded through the land, he was one of the first to respond, and his energy and infiuence were thrown at once into the cause and his labors from that time forth were earnest and untiring in behalf of his country. He was among the first to volunteer as a private soldier. On the organization of Company C, Thirty-sixth Eegiment, he was elected its First Lieutenant, from which position he was shortly called to the Adjutancy of tlie regiment. His gentlemanly bearing, prompt attention to duties and fine soldierly qualities soon attracted the attentwn of his superior officers, and he was tendered by General T. J. Wood, a position on his staff with the rank of - i, u was accepted and for some time filled with such a degr^cTeS s won fm him the unanimous and hearty encomiums of his as Colonel and assigned him to the Fifty-seventh Eegiment. In all he varied and responsible positions to which he was assio-ned his career Illustrated the highest type of our citizen soldierrH duties were performed with skill, bravery and success. In all the ngagements in which his regiment participated he was conspicu confinement, but from which he afterward sufficiently recovered to rejoin his i^g^ent. He afterward led his gallant r" g men n ffiu Riri Ohickamauga, Lookott Mountain, Mis

Death Of Colonel Lennaed

There were probably few officers connected with the army who were more solicitous or took a deeper interest in every movLen^ m which their coinmand should participate than did ColonelLenadvanced"to tf ^ ^ position, the Colonel when he heard of the fall of the Colonel, was deeply moved, and was afterward heard to say he had lost his best man. Soon afterward the Colonel was carried to a house three-quarters of a mile in the rear, and a member of the regiment, Sergeant W. W. Sims, remained with him until after his death.''

^ Kind, courteous, and affable with all - one of Nature's own gentlemen. Never was man more popular among his neighbors and acquaintances than was Colonel Leonard. His friends were warmly attached to him and no man ever lived in Henry County who made a deeper impression upon her people, or whose death was more sincerely mourned. He was about five feet and ten inches high, well proportioned, always appropriately apparaled, dark hair, dark gray eyes - a handsome man. Just prior to his death he had been nominated to the State Senate and it was confidently predicted by those who knew him that he would have been transferred from the Senate to a seat in Congress. Hallowed indeed must be the cause which demands the sacrifice of such noble men. It is to be hoped that God in his infinite mercies will never again permit the day to come when our common country shall be divided, section against section, in terrible war. His widow remained single and died of brain fever at her home in New Castle, June 1, 18T9, highly respected and loved by all who knew her.

Thomas B. Redding, a leading attorney and a very accomplished scholar, was born in Henry County, Dec. 27, 1831. His parents were Iredell and Anna (Nixon) Redding, who were among the early settlers of this county. Thomas B. Redding, after attending the common schools and the Henry County Seminary, entered Indiana Asbury University, where he took a full classical course, graduating in 1854. He received the degree of Master of Arts in course, and has since had the degree of Doctor of Philosophy conferred upon him by the Iowa Wesleyan University. He began his career as a school teacher at the age of sixteen. After leaving college he taught school in Richmond for one year. In the winter of 1854-'5 he was a reporter for the Sentinel of that city. He next took charge of the New Castle Seminary for a year, and at the expiration of that time became editor of the New Castle Courier. Meantime he had been reading law, and having been admitted to the bar, he abandoned journalism to engage in his profession. In 1857 he was elected Prosecuting Attorney on the Republican ticket, but resigned soon after. In 1858 he engaged in the prac- tice of law in Chicago in partnership with Hon. G. A. Johnson in 1860 he returned to New Castle, where his practice soon became extensive. Mr. Bedding has steadily kept up his linguistic and scientific studies since graduating from college, and is a member of several prominent scientific and literary associations. He has served as a Trustee of Asbury (now He Pauw) University and has ever exhibited a deep interest in educational matters. Mr Bedding was married in 1858,- to Sarah W., daughter of Bev. Eliiah Corrington , of the Central Illinois Methodist Episcopal Conference and has one daughter - Bosa M., a graduate of her father's Alma Mater, and now a teacher in the New Castle high school.

Hon. David W. Chambbes, senior member of the law firm Chambers & Hedges, was born in Union County, Ind., March 19, 1836. His parents were Alexanders, and Isabella (Mason) Chambers, natives of Scotland. They settled in New Castle, where the father died in 1867 and the mother in 1860. David W. Chambers passed his early life upon a farm. After coming to New Castle, he attended the schools of the town, and afterward entered the sophomore class of Indiana State University at Bloomington where he graduated in 1858, ranking second in his class. After studying law for about two years in the office of General Grose, he was admitted to the bar. At the beginning of the war he enlisted in the Eighth Indiana Begiment, in which he served three months as a private. Here-enlisted in the Thirty-sixth Indiana and was made First Lieutenant of his company. In November, 1862 he was promoted to the rank of Captain, and so served until mustered out in September, 1864, participating in many battles and campaigns of the regiment to which he belonged. He was wounded twice: at Chickamauga and at Lookout Mountain. Beturning to New Castle he was nominated and elected, by the Bepublicans, as Bepresentative to the Legislature. In 1866 he was re-elected. In 1867 he was elected Prosecuting Attorney of the judicial circuit composed of Henry, Hancock, Grant and Delaware counties, and, by re-election, held this position for five years. In 1872 Mr. Chambers was a delegate to the convention which nominated Greeley for the Presidency. In 1876 he was nominated for Congress by the Democrats and Greenbackers of the Sixth District; and although the district was then strongly Bepublican, lacked only 216 votes of being elected. In 1880 he was one of the Hancock electors. Mr. Chambers has held many local offices; he is a member of the Presbyterian church; also of the Odd Fellows, and has held every grade of office in the lodge and encampment. In 1865 he married Emma Hr^aughter of Hon. M. L. Bundy, by whom he has three children living - Mary 0., \Valter S. and Emma Lillian.

Hon. Exum Saint, son of Exum and Mary A. (Pickering) Saint, was born in Henry County in 1838. His father died a few months before he was born. Mr. Saint received his education in the schools of Hew Castle and at Antioch College, Ohio. He then taught school, and after reading law in the office of Mellett & Martindale, was admitted to the bar. In 1861 he went to Iowa, where he enlisted as a private in the Fourth Iowa Cavalry. By successive promotions he reached the rank of Captain of his company. After being mustered out of the service in the fall of 1865, he returned home and was soon afterward appointed a clerk in the Pension Department at Washington. He served about twenty months as a clerk, and was then appointed a Deputy Collector of Internal Pevenue in the State of Iowa, in which capacity be served about eighteen months. He then returned to Hew Castle and engaged in the practice of law, which he has since followed. In 1873 he was appointed by Governor Hendricks Circuit Prosecutor for the circuit composed of Henry and Hancock counties, to fill a vacancy. In 1878 he was elected a Representative to the Legislature from Henry County, serving a term of two years. He is at present Commander of the Hew Castle Post of the G. A. R.

Hon. Robert L. Polk was born in Henry County on the 12th of October, 1841. His parents were Robert H. and Hannah (Hod^ gin) Polk, the former of Irish, and the latter of English descent. Robert H. Polk removed from Horth Carolina and settled in Henry County in the year in which the subject of this notice was born, and engaged in farming. The family removed to the town of Hew Castle when the son was eleven years old. Thenceforth he enjoyed good educational privileges, attending the Henry County Seminary for two years while Ferris and Abbott were its preceptors. Subsequently he attended the Bryant & Stratton Commercial College, Cleveland, Ohio, then entered Whitewater College, Centreville, Ind., which was then in charge of the well-known author and educator. Prof. W. H. Barnes. Here he remained one year, then returned to Hew Castle to carry into effect his long-cherished ambition of becoming a lawyer. He was admitted to practice in the spring of 1863, and at the same time was taken into partnership by his preceptor, James Brown, Esq. This partnership continued until 1872. Mr. Polk was then elected Judge of the Court of Com- mon Pleas, and held the office until it was abolished in the following year. Resuming his law practice, he continued it until the fall of 1876, when he was elected Judge of the Eighteenth Judicial Circuit, comprising the counties of Henry and Hancock. This position he tilled with honor and credit until his death. May 7, 1881. Always a diligent student, and possessed of a mind of great brilliancy, his legal attainments werejof the highest order. His decisions showed him to be a man of sound judgment, ready and skillful in analysis. Judge Polk was connected with the Republican party from the election of Lincoln in 1860. He was a prominent member and class-leader in the Methodist church, and all of his public and private life showed that he was a conscientious Christian. In 1865 he married Miss Harriet Mahin, daughter of Rev. Milton Mahin, D. D., and was the father of five children.

Hon. Mark E. Forkner, Judge of the Eighteenth Judicial Circuit, was born in Henry County, Jan. 26, 1846, and is a son of Micajah and Elizabeth (Allen) Forkner, early settlers of the county. His education was obtained in the common schools and at the Hew Castle Academy. At the age of eighteen he began the study of law with Hon. J. H. Mellett, and in 1866 he was admitted to the bar. He opened an office in Hew Castle and began practicing in the winter of 1866-'7, and during the same winter was appointed Deputy District Attorney for Henry County. In the spring of 1867 he became the law-partner of Judge Mellett, a relation which continued until 1870 when Mr. Mellett was elected to the Judgeship. Upon the dissolution of this partnership, Mr. Forkner became associated with Hon. E. H. Bundy in practice and the partnership continued for six years. Thenceforth, until called to the bench, Judge Forkner practiced alone. His career as a lawyer was successful from the beginning and his practice became very extensive. Taking an active part in politics, he gained considerable reputation as a stump speaker. In 1874 he was elected by the Republicans a member of the State Legislature, in which capacity he served one term. In 1881, on the 11th of May, he was appointed Circuit Judge, to fill the vacanc}^ caused by the death of Judge Polk. In the fall of 1882 he was elected for a full term. As a Judge, he is able, efficient and popular. A sound and candid reasoner and a ready speaker, he discharges the duties of his responsible position acceptably to all. Judge Forkner's success in life is due solely to his talents and his own exertions, and in calling him to the bench the people of Henry County conferred a merited honor upon one worthy to bear it. On the 22d of June, 1869,

Hon. Eugene H. Bundy, of the firm Mellett & Bundy, attorneys, was born in Henry CJQuntyj Qch 10, 1846, and is the son of Judge M. L. and Mrs. AmanaaT^gundy. He was educated at Miami University and at Union College, New York. In 1869 he began the study of law and in 1870 he was admitted to the bar. In the fall of 1870 he engaged in the practice of his profession in New Castle and has since continued it most successfully. Mr. Bundy was chosen State Senator in 1880, for a ter^n of four years and has served with honor in that capacity. In 1870 he married Miss Bettie M. Mellett, daughter of Judge Joshua H. and Mrs. Catherine(SbrdjeiO Mellett. One daughter, Nellie C., has been born of this union.

Brown died in 1883; Mrs. Brown is still living. Joseph M. was reared upon the farm and educated in the common schools and at Henry County Seminary. He taught school several terms while acquiring his education. On arriving at his majority he entered the Union army, but falling ill was rendered unfit for duty.

Esq. He served two years as Prosecuting Attorney of tlie Eighteenth Judicial Circuit. Mr. Brown was married in 1874 to Miss Rachel Stout, daughter of David Stout, of Franklin County, by whom he has one child, a son, named Charles.

Adolph Rogers, son of William A. and Rachel Rogers, was born in Henry County, Aug. 16 ,1847. His early life was passed on a farm. He received such instruction as was afforded by the district . schools, but subsequently attended the New Castle Academy for several years. In 1866 he was appointed a cadet to the United States Naval Academy, and reported at Annapolis but failed to pass the required physical examination. When quite a young man he taught school for several terms. In 1869 he was appointed Deputy Treasurer of Henry County, a position he filled for two years. A few years afterward he was appointed to the same position which he filled for a second term. On the 15th of September, 1870, he was married at Albion, Iowa, to Miss Samantha Modlin, a worthy and excellent lady. In 1872 he was a candidate for Treasurer of. the county, and although he received a large vote was defeated for the nomination. On July 1, 1872, he purchased the New Castle Courier^ the oldest newspaper in the county. The paper was shortly afterward consolidated with the Henry County Repuhlican^ Mr. Rogers and Elwood Pleas becoming joint proprietors of the paper. In January, 1875, the paper was sold to a joint stock company and Mr. Rogers was selected as its business manager and editor, a position he tilled for two years. In January, 1877, he retired from the management of the Courier^ and entered upon the study of the law in the office of James Brown. After two years' study he entered upon the practice of law in New Castle. In 1882 he was elected Clerk of the Henry Circuit Court. His term of office began Oct. 29, 1884. He has ser\red as a School Trustee of New Castle, and as a member of the County Board of Education. Although still a young man he has filled various responsible positions, and, we believe, has discharged every trust with fidelity, and with honor to himself.

Leander P. Mitchell was born in Fall Creek Township, Henry County, Feb. 5, 1849, and is the youngest son of Charles and Mary Mitchell who, originally from Clark County, Ohio, settled inTIenry County about 1825. Charles Mitchell conducted the tanning business for some years in New Castle, his tan-yard being among the first industries of the town. He removed to Madison County, Ind., where he served as Associate Judge from 1832 to 1838. Returning to Henry County he settled in Fall Creek Township, where he died in 1863, and his wife in 1878. Leander P. Mitchell was reared on a farm and attendedThe common schools. When about fourteen years of age he entered the army as a musician and served about five months. He afterward attended school and taught at Mechanicsburg, then went to Spiceland Academy for two years. He then entered the law department of the State University at Bloomington, where he graduated in 1872. He is also a graduate of the literary department of the Northwestern Christian University. In the fall of 1872 he opened a law office in New Castle where he has since practiced his profession with success. In 1874 he married Miss Bettie Wooii-\ ward who dierLin 1875. In 1879 he married Miss Gertrude Lennard, only daughter of Colonel George W. Lennard. They have one son - Lennard Harris.

Milton Brown, the present Clerk of the Circuit Court, was born in Henrj County, May 12, 1854. His father, Milton Brown, Sr., was a native of Harrison County, Ky., and came to Indiana when young, settling in Wayne County, whence lie removed to Henry County in 1829. In 1872 Milton Brown, Sr., was elected Recorder of Henry County, and was still in office at the time of his death. May 12, 1876. His widow, nee Sarah Moore, died in 1884. Milton Brown, Jr., was reared upon a farm and at the age of seventeen entered the office of the Knightstown Banner to learn the printer's trade. Here he continued until the family removed to Hew Castle, where he began reading law in the office of Judge Elliott and sun, and in 1876 was admitted to the bar. His father dying soon after, Milton was appointed by Governor Hendricks to till out the unexpired term as Recorder. On completing this term, he became Deputy Clerk of the Circuit Court, which position he held until 1880. He was then elected Clerk of the Circuit Court, in which capacity he still serves. Mr. Brown was married in 1878 to Emma, daughter of W. W. Cotteral, then County Auditor, and has had two children, one of whom is living. He is a Republican, a member of the Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, Knights of Honor and Red Men.

Rollin Warner, son of Eli and Emily (BuXch) Warner, was born in Henry County, April 18, 1856. His parents were natives of Hew York State, and his father, after coming to Indiana, was in the mercantile business at Blountsville until his death in 1871. Rollin was educated in the common schools and at the Hational Hormal School- at Lebanon, Ohio, and for a time taught school, devoting himself to the study of law in his spare time. In 1877 he went to Winchester and for a year studied under Judge Monks. Having been admitted to the bar he began practice in Hew Castle in 1878. Mr. Warner was married in 1879 to Mary Y., daughter ot Gordon and Susan E. Cecil, of Delaware County. They have two children - Etta G. and Everett.

John R. Woodward was born in Hew Castle, March 27, 1854.' His mother died when he was three years of age and his father when he was ten. He therefore went to live with a family in Delaware County, afterward attending the common schools and a college in Lexington, Ky. He then entered the Horthwestern Christian University at Indianapolis (now Butler University), where he was graduated in 1876, being the first student to receive a degree from that institution. lie read law in Indianapolis and was admitted to the bar of Henry County in June, 1878, and opened an office in New Castle. He died June 23, 1879. He was a young man of talent and his early death cut short a promising career.

John M. Morris is one of the rising young lawyers of Henry County. He was born in this county, April 22, 1857. His grandfather, Lewis .Morris, a native of Yirginia, was one of the early pioneers and settled near Knightstown. John Morris, the father of John M., settled in this county in 1832 and still resides here. The subject of this notice remained at home on the farm until he was seventeen, then engaged in the mercantile business for two years as a clerk. He next studied law in the office of Hon. M. E. Forkner and was admitted to the bar in 1878. Opening an office in May of the same year, he has since devoted himself closely to the business of his profession. Mr. Morris was married in 1879 to Miss Cora Heritage, only daughter of D. L. Heritage, ot Knightstown. They have one child - Bessie Joy.

John Samuel Hedges, the youngest of three children of Samuel and Mary L. (Bi^r) Hedges, was born in Deersville, Harrison Co., Ohio, April 25, 1848. Left an orphan by the death of his father when John was but two years of age, the subject of this sketch was thrown upon his own resources at an early age. His mother moved to Henry County in 1855, and the following year married again. At the age of fifteen, without a dollar in money, John began to make his own way in the world. He went to live with Judge Elliott and began attending the high school, paying his tuition by taking care of the school-house. He began teaching school in the following year, when but sixteen years of age. Continuing this occupation in winter and attending school in summer until 1870, he then began the study of law in the office of Mellett & Forkner. He served as Deputy Clerk of the county from the spring of 1871 until November, 1872, then again engaged in teaching. From 1874 to 1876 he served as Deputy County Clerk, and in the latter year was elected Clerk, in which capacity he served one term. Mr. Hedges was admitted to the bar in 1880, and since 1881 has been actively engaged in the practice of his profession, as a member of the firm of Chambers & Hedges. He is a member of the Odd Fellows and Knights of Honor, and of the Society of Friends. In 1874 he married Emma Cook, of this county. Two children bless this union. Mr. Hedges is a rising attorney. He is also one of the principal stockholders in the New Castle Foundry and Pump Company.

Chapter Yii

Introduction. - The Growth of Modern tfouRNALisM. - The First Paper. - The Federal [Tnion Published at Knightstown in 1832. - The First Paper at New Castle, 1836. - The Indiana Sun and Courier. - The New Castle Courier. - A Retrospect. - An Editor's Trials and Hardships. - Journals of a Later Period. - Newspaper Ventures in Knightstown, New Castle, Lewisville and Spiceland. - New Castle Mercury. - New Castle Democrat. - Knightstown Banner. - Other Papers, Early and Late.

As an adjunct ot modern civilization there is no more potent factor than the newspaper press. In nothing evincing the spirit of progress has there been greater advancement during the last half century tlian in American journalism. Fil'tj years ago the country had few newspapers that could be considered paying property; the metropolitan journals devoted about as much space to foreign as to domestic news, while country weeklies seemed to consider that which happened at home as of no importance whatever, and imitated the larger journals in style and contents. The telegraph and railroads, assisted by that enterprising s])irit which is inseparably connected with successful journalistic management, have wrought most gratifying results. The weekly newspaper whose circulation and support are confined to a single county no longer ambitiously apes the city daily. It has found its place as a chronicler of local news and recognizes the fact that its mission and that of the great journals of the day are totally distinct - separated by well-defined lines. This change has caused the country papers to be liberally patronized and has given them a degree of influence which they never could have attained under the old method.

In Henry County, journalism has kept pace, in the march of improvement, with other professions and industries. A very conspicuous change for the better is evident from the tone of courtesy with which one editor now speaks of another. We seldom find columns of reading matter filled with abuse of a contemporary: the words ''perjurer," "slanderer" and "liar" are bandied about less frequently than they were wont to be in former years; it has even been discovered that an editor may be a gentleman and still differ in opinion from another editor; and finally, no editor now demeans himself by taunting another about his looks, his clothes or his poverty. New editors and new papers are sure of courteous treatment at the hands of older journalists and journals. It seems to be admitted that there is room for all, or at least that the principle of the survival of the fittest must prevail. We would not seek to cast a reflection upon former editors of this county, but remark in passing, that in some instances they were too much given to quickness of temper and too ready to engage in rnud-fiinging matches with one another. There have been many able writers employed upon the papers of Henry County, but without disparagement to any, it can safely be asserted that the county press, taken as a whole, was never better conducted than at present. The editors are gentlemen who understand their business thoroughly and do their utmost to give their patrons good, clean and reliable home newspapers.

The First Paper

The first newspaper published in Henry County made its appearance in 1832. It was issued from Knightstown, then an incipient village, by Grant & Mitchell and bore the name of the Federal TJnion. Little is known of its size and character, and it is probable that not a single copy of the paper has been preserved in the county. Mr. John W. Grubbs, a journalist who received his first lessons in the art of printing in the office of the Thiion^ states that the paper expired in less than a year for want of patronage. Under the date, April 18, 1833, in the records of the Circuit Court, appears an order that a petition for a divorce be printed "in the Federal TJnion^ a newspaper published in the county of Henry, Indiana." Only two days later, viz.: April 20, 1833, it is ordered that a petition to assign dower be printed in " the Western Times^ a public newspaper printed in the county of Wayne (being the county nearest the county of Henry in which a paper is printed, and there being no paper printed in said county of Henry)." This record, therefore, is conclusive evidence that the Federal Union ceased to exist in April, 1833.

The Second Paper

In 1835, a list of letters remaining unclaimed in the Knightstown postoffice was advertised in the Richmond Palladium^ a fact which goes to show that at that time there was no paper published in Knightstown. Some time between the dates of the expiration of the Federal Union and the establishment of the third Knightstown paper, Thomas J. Langdon edited and printed a sheet known as the Banner. This venture proved unsuccessful and the paper soon suspended.

New Castle Banner

It was published by J. B. Swayze and edited by Rev. Alfred Johnson Cotton. In the third issue, dated March 31, 1836, there is the following editorial paragraph:

"We have the pleasure to state that, notwithstanding we issued our first number of the Banner without a subscription list, we issue the third with a list rising 300. We confidently anticipate 500 ere long." v

Probably the editor's hopes proved greater than his prospects. \ At all events, the Banner survived little more than half a year. ; Its publisher went to Hagerstown, Ind., and started a paper, and ^ its editor to Dearborn County where he became a Judge. The Banner claimed to be independent in politics, but was edited and published by Democrats.

The Indiana Sun And The New Castle Courier

In 1837 the Indiana Sun was started at Knightstown, by T. D. Clarkson, who, in 1838, sold out to Hannum & Grubbs. Hannum was never an actual owner in the concern; and having abandoned in 1840, John W. Grubbs became sole proprietor. In June, 1841, the name of the paper was changed to the Indiana Goiirier^ and in December of the same year Mr. Grubbs moved the office to New Castle. We have seen number 27 of the first volume of the Courier (old series, volume 5, number 235), bearing the date Dec.

''The printing establishment of the Indiana Courier.^ formerly located at Knightstown, has been removed to New Castle. This change in the place of publication has been made solely for the convenience of the people of Henry County, and we now appeal with confidence to a discriminating and an enlightened public for a living support.

The notice of the editor's marriage is given, supplemented by the following additional information - probably furnished by the ''devil" of the establishment: "The editor has come up missing since Tuesday last." A fact worthy of note is that not one business man of Hew Castle had an advertisement in the paper of the above date. In 1843 H. C. Grubbs became associated with J. W. Grubbs in the publication of the paper, J. W. Grubbs continuing as editor.

Mr. Grubbs continued the publication until about the middle ol the year 1846, when he disposed of it to C. Y. Duggins. Mr. Huggins died in 1850, and for a short time James Comstock, his executor, managed the paper. But in March of the same year J. W. Grubbs, the former publisher, took charge of it.

In January, 1853, George W. Lennard purchased the ofllce. A few months later he took Coleman Rogers into partnership, and the two published the paper until the end of the year.

Another change of owners took place in January, 1854, at which time Ration & Ellisonnurchased the Courier. This administration began with H^TTGrubbs as c^f editor, and David Ration local editor. Mr. Grubbs soon retiredkand David Ration became the managing editor. In the latter part of 1854 Wrigley & Lyle became the proprietors, and in 1856 they sold out to Chas. E. Harwood and Thomas B. Redding.

E. B. Martindale was the next owner, but continued as such only a short time, selling out in the beginning of the year 1857, to 1. S. Drake. Mr. Drake was editor and proprietor until some time in 1859, when Walton P. Goode became his partner. In about a year Goode became sole proprietor, and the Courier continued to be published by him until Rovember, 1862. The paper was then bought by Elwood Pleas, who conducted it nearly six years and a half, selling out in March, 1869, to M. E. Pleas and H. H. Hoover. May 15, 1870, A. G. Wilcox, as the representative of The Telegram Printing Company of Richmond, bought the Courier. He conducted it until September, then sold an interest to Calvin R. Scott. The paper was very ably managed by Wilcox & Scott until 1872.

with the Henry County Repuhlican, a journal established in 1870. Rogers & Pleas continued to own and. manage the Courier for two years and six months. Then a stock company purchased it for the sum of $10,000, and employed Adolph Rogers as editor.

The following gentlemen composed the company : Adolph Rogers, Elwood Pleas, George Hazzard, J. W. Griffin, S. S. Bennett, John R Millikan, Galvin R. Scott, and A. S. McDowell. Mr. Rogers continued as editor until January, 1877. Under him Bie editorial department was conducted with ability and a high literary character given to the contents of the paper. With the first number^^ .4,r of the^year 1877, W. H. Elliott, the present editor and manager, took charge of the Courier. At that time the paper had a circulation of 950 copies, and its financial condition was anything but prosperous. Without previous experience in journalism, Mr. Elliott soon succeeded in bringing about a change for the better, and from that time until the present the Courier has steadily grown in prosperity and influence. It is now not only the leading newspaper of Henry County, but is among the best weeklies in Eastern Indiana. Its average actual circulation each week for the past three years has been as follows: In 1881, 2,208; in 1882, 2.388; in 1883, 2,571. The Courier Publishing Company still has a nominal existence, but the paper is controlled and virtually owned by Mr. Elliott. The Courier has taken advanced ground upon temperance and other questions of reform, and in its political utterances is outspoken and independent. During the carnpaign of 1880, from February until November, a daily edition was issued.

It was styled the Daily Noon Courier^ and was the first paper in Indiana to recommend and urge the nomination of the Hon. Albert G. Porter for Governor.

Among those who have served as associate editors of the Courier under its present management may be mentioned John Thornburgh, now of Minneapolis, from 1877 to 1881, and Fleming Ratcliff, from 1880 to July, 1882.

The Indiana Sun, the predecessor of the Courier, was a fivecolumn paper, 21 x 32 inches in size. The form of the paper was but little changed until some time after the change of name. In 1851 the paper was enlarged to a sheet 21x36 inches, with seven columns to the page. It was again enlarged in 1858, but reduced in size in 1861. In 1863 Mr. Pleas enlarged the paper to its size in 1851, and about three years afterward made it an eight-column paper. Wilcox & Scott enlarged it to nine columns. The first number in January, 1872, appeared in a new dress and in a new form - a quarto, 28 x42 inches, six columns to the page. In January, 1879, the present form was adopted - a six-column quarto, 30x41 inches. The Courier was formerly devoted to "Whig principles. Since the Republican party came into being it has been constantly devoted to its interests.

A Retrospect

Through the kindness of Martin L. Powell, the writer has been enabled to examine a copy of the Indiana Sun of the date Friday, March 22, 1839, being number 12 of the third volume of the paper. The motto of the Sun was, "Corruption wins not more than Honesty." Hannum & Grubbs were the publishers; terms $2 per year in advance, $2.50 within the year, and $3 after the expiration of a year. A brief review of the contents of this number may prove interesting. First page - Message of President Yan Buren on a question then exciting the public mind, namely, the fixing of a boundary between the United States and the British provinces on the Northeast, followed by an article headed "Will there be War?" copied from the Cincinnati Sun. These matters take up nearly three columns, and the remainder of the page is made up of miscellaneous selections. Secoiid page - under the head of "News," - Congressional proceedings, accounts of Indian barbarities, and of the progress of the -Seminole War in Florida; "Latest from the Boundary;" a copy of correspondence of the Boston Times.) dated Augusta, Me., March 4 - interesting, as it shows how fast news traveled in those days; the "Proposed Ship Canal across the Isthmus of Panama," and other items fill out the page. Two of the five columns are devoted to the boundary question. Third page (editorial) - David Ransom, F. F. Needham, J. P. Aydlott and P. N. Willis are announced as candidates for the ofllce of Constable at the coming election; two local items only: one announcing that Elder Samuel K. Hoshour will preach at the Presbyterian church in Knightstown, Thursday evening; the other, that "Mr. Freeman will meet his class for singing next Wednesday evening, at the usual place." Three of the columns are devoted to advertisements, mainly local. Fourth page - two columns of miscellany, and three of advertisements.

If the Sun had not advanced ideas regarding the importance of local news, it was sufficiently enterprising in politics. Aug. 28, 1841, it places at the head of the editorial columns the name of

Henry Clay, of Kentucky, as Presidential candidate for 1844. The editor says: "No Whig can hereafter place any confidence in John Tyler." We have hung out onr banner. We hope to see the movement extensively followed by our brethren ot the Whig

^ The editor's lot was not a happy one. Nov. 11, 1841 (aftei the Sun had become the Courier), Mr. Grubbs states editona y that during the week he has received a visit from the constable, and details the causes which have led up to this unhappy res u In the summer 6f 1838 he purchased from Tisdale Dean Clarkson one half of the printing establishment of the Indiarm Sun,^ agreeing to pay for the same the sum ot $260, whmli,^^ says he "I have found to my sorrow, was an enormous puce.

In the summer of 1840 he was obliged by force of circumstances to purchase the remaining half of the office. And in ovem ei, 1841 by virtue of an execution in favor of Clarkson for | ^ on notes, the constable levied upon the press, types, etc., ot Mr. Grubbs. But as the paper appeared the next week as usual, we conclude that the editor found a way out of his difficulties.

In May, 1842, the editor of the Courier, in an article teade "Hard Times," addresses himself "to the people of Henry County, to the Whigs in particular, in plain language: unless a more liberal support is extended to us, the press must stop . And if the support is not forthcoming "justice to ourself and those dependent upon us will require that we abandon a business that promises nothing but poverty.

The Democratic Banner

Feb. 20, 1852, a new paper made its appearance in New Castle, - the Democratic Banner, published by J. Fenwick Henry, with D. R. H. Nevin, editor. It was a six-column paper, size 21 X 30 inches. In about a year and a half Nelson Abbott succeeded Henry & Nevin, as editor and proprietor. He enlarged the paper and changed its name, making it the New Castle Banner, and proceeded to do earnest work in behalf of the Democracy through its columns. The Banner ceased to exist in 18o6.

The above paper was established in 1859 by T. D. Clarkson, and was afterward edited by Will C. Moreau and then by A. M. Woodin. The Citizen expired in 1861. It was Republican in

Monthly Publications

A literary magazine styled the Beech Tree was started by Isaac Kinley in 1858. It was published first at New Castle and afterward at Knightstown. Only a few numbers were issued, the magazine perishing from lack of pecuniary support.

The first number of the Henry County Times was dated Oct. 13, 1865. It was a seven-column sheet, edited by E. F. Brown, formerly of Conners ville, Ind. The Times was published in New Castle about one month, then removed to Knightstown where it was continued about five months longer. At the end of that time Mr. Brown went West, and the Henry County Times was no more.

The New Castle Mercury

A paper styled the Henry County Independent was first issued in New Castle, in April, 1867. The editors and proprietors were H. H. Hoover and H. L. Shopp. Twenty -four numbers of the

Independent were issued by these publishers. The paper was then sold to a company of Democratic citizens and placed under the editorial charge of Leonard H. Miller. In January, 1868, its name was changed to Signs of the Times. Mr. Miller continued to edit the Times until April, 1868, when S. S. Darling, of Hamilton, Ohio, succeeded him. It seems to have been the fashion to change the name of this paper with the advent of each new editor, and on the 27th of May, 1868, the paper was christened the New Castle Examiner. L. L. Dale then assumed editorial charge. The following May, there being an opening for a Democratic newspaper in Cambridge City, the office was moved thither and the Examiner became the Democratic Times. The paper was published in Cambridge City only a few months, and the oflSce was then re-established in New Castle. In December, 1870, L. E. Bundy and William Johnson bought the Times and it was conducted by them for two years. J. M. Hiatt and H. H. Hoover were the next proprietors, taking charge in December, 1872. They changed the name and politics of the paper, making it Eepublican and styling it the New Castle Times. About six months later Mr. Hoover sold his interest to Mitchell Kissell; and he, in the latter part of 1873, sold out to Benjamin S. Parker, now United States Consul at Sherbrooke, Canada, a gentleman of well-known literary ability. Under Hiatt & Parker the paper advocated the farmers' or Grangers," independent movement in politics. During the two years in which Mr. Hiatt had a part in the management of the Times^ its circulation was largely extended. In January, 1875, he disposed of his interest to Arthur E. Wickersham. At the same date the name of the paper was changed again, becoming the Hew Castle Mercury. The Mercury was conducted by Parker & Wickersham until April 10, 1882, when the present proprietors, E. Pleas & Co., succeeded to the ownership. On the 23d of March, 1883, its form was changed from a blanket sheet to a sixcolumn quarto. The Mercury is a well-conducted paper,Eepublican in politics. Its circulation is large and constantly 2:aining. Mr. Elwood Pleas, the editor, is an experienced journalist, having been connected with newspaper management most of the time since 1862. For fourteen or fifteen years he has constantly had editorial charge of a newspaper, with the exception of about two years. In 1883 a daily edition of the Mercury was published, from July 2 to Sept. 22.

E. & M. E. Pleas began the publication of a paper called the Henry County Republican, at Hew Castle, in August, 1870. In July, 1872, the Republican was consolidated with the Courier^ as already stated. The paper was Kepublican in politics, and devoted to home and miscellaneous intelligence.

New Castle News

In April, 1877, T. J. Higgs and Josiah Crawford, both experL enced newspaper men, began the publication of the Hew Castle Ne%cs (Democratic). They had a good outfit, moved here from Connersville, and made a very fair paper. It survived only about nine months, however, because of insufficient support. Higgs & Benedict became the proprietors a few months after the paper started.

The Indiana Statesman

Another short-lived Democratic paper was started by Williams & Brown, Jan. 31, 1878. It was called the Indiana Statesman and was published at Hew Castle. The chief editor was Colonel

New Castle Democrat

The first number of the New Castle Democrat was issued in January, 1878, by John M. Goar, the present editor and proprietor. A few days later there appeared in^New Castle a rival Democratic sheet, edited by Colonel J. D. Williams, an experienced journalist. It was called the Indiana ' Statesman^ and after an existence of five months it abandoned the field to the Democrat.

During the campaign of 1878 the Democrat earnestly advocated the election of Myers for Congressman and its editorials attracted general attention for their terseness and vigor. The Democrat started without outside aid and with a very small capital. It was without a press for a time at the start, and hired its printing done. It was soon made a paying property and the olfice supplied with good material, which from time to time has been increased, until now the Democrat has a much better printing establishment than most weekly newspapers. Its circulation has grown steadily, and for the past three years has never fallen below 1,000 copies, even at the first of the year, and has reached 1,700 copies in the course of the year. The Democrat is a financial success. Unlike former Democratic papers in New Castle, it has never been obliged to call upon its friends for donations to keep it running. That it has succeeded where so many Democratic journals have failed is highly creditable to its editor and proprietor. Mr. Goar is an able and forcible writer, and makes his paper sprightly and entertaining. Its political utterances are quoted extensively, and its infiuence is by no means confined to the county.

The Democrat started as a seven-column folio, 21x36 inches in size. In its third year, it had adopted a new plan in country journalism, changing its page to eight columns and its size to26x 40 inches, as often as the press of other matter made it necessary. In the fourth year the present size, 26 x40 inches, eight columns to the page,was permanently adopted. In the holiday editions of 1882 a twelve-page paper was issued for two weeks, and a sixteen-page paper in Christmas week. The latter contained forty-eight columns of advertisements. All these issues were wholly printed in the home office.

published by H. W. Burtch. It was printed at Richmond in the office of the Wayne News. In 1883 Wm. R. Sanborn became owner of the Argus> He was overtaken by financial disaster in March, 1881, and the Argus suspended. Its local office was at Hew Castle.

The Knightstown Banner

one of the most successful of Henry County journals, was started by John A. Deem, in May, 1867. At first it was issued as a sixcolumn folio, one-half its present size. Under Mr. Deem's able management the Banner gained rapidly in circulation and influence. In 1877 he sold the establishment to T. B. Deem, one of the present proprietors, who managed the paper until March, 1883. R. F. Brewington then bought a half interest, and the Banner has since been conducted by Deem & Brewington. At the date given the proprietor of the Banner purchased the Knightstown Shield and consolidated it with their paper. The Banner is now in its eighteenth year, and its prosperity is increasing. It is ably edited, and contains a large amount of good reading. Its subscription price is only $1.25 per year. The Banner has been strongly Republican from the start.

Other Knightstown Journals

The City Chronicle was started in 1870, by J. C. Riddell; and thoiigh it appeared only irregularly and semi-occasionall3'," it continued its existence under his care until 1876. Riddell then sold out to Frank I. Grubbs, who changed the name of the paper to the Knightstown Herald. The first number of the Herald appeared in Hoveinber, 1876. About six months later the Herald died. The Knightstown Journal was the next aspirant for fame. It appeared in December, 1876, Fleming Ratclifi*, editor. It was a nine-column folio, ably edited and well printed, but it lived to be only six months old. Thenceforth, for about two years, the Banner was the only paper published in Knightstown. But in 1879 there came another to flourish and then to fade." , The Knightstown Shield appeared. It was conducted at the start by Frank I. Grubbs and Charles Moore. At the end of a year Moore retired, and L. B. Newby became the partner of Grubbs. In the fall of 1880 Newby retired. Deem and Grubbs then consolidated their papers, and published the Banner- Shield. Four months afterward the publication of both papers was resumed. The

Spiceland Reporter

The Spiceland Rejporter started in July, 1873, by James W. Harvey, proprietor, and Fleming Katcliff, editor. About eighteen months later Harvey was compelled to give up the publication of the paper, not finding it profitable. The citizens, however, determined to keep the paper running, and the Reporter Company was formed, with about $2,700 capital, and Mr. Ratcliff continued as editor. Lewis Woods, Elisha B. Ratcliff, Dr. J. B. Cochrane, Joseph E. Bogue and S. E. Unthank constituted the stock company. In July, 1876, Mr. Ratcliff retired from the editorship. His successors in that position were Hathan Newby, now professor in the State Normal School at Terre Haute; Clarkson Davis, C. P. Butler, and others. In July, 1880, the paper was sold at receiver's sale, and bought by Clarkson Davis and W. S. Chamness. It expired in November, 1880. For about eighteen months prior to that time J. M. Kissel had been the editor and publisher. The Reporter was an eight-column folio, well edited, and of a neat typographical appearance. At one time it reached a circulation of 900 copies; but as its advertising patronage was small, likewise the amount of job work, it could not be made to pay.

The Lewisville Democrat

The first number of the Lewisville Democrat was issued Nov. 29, 1877. W. F. Taylor and Lee L. Porch were the publishers. Dr. N. G. Smith acted as editor for about three months, and was succeeded by T. W. Hall, for a few weeks; after this Taylor and Porch were both editors and proprietors. In January, 1880, the paper passed into the hands of Dr. N. G. Smith, who conducted it a few weeks. W. A. Dale then became editor and proprietor. He published the Democrat about six months, then abandoned the enterprise. The Democrat was a neat paper typographically, and was well edited. It was a seven-column folio, 24 x 36 inches in size, all printed at the publishing office. It had a fair patronage, but did not pay its publishers. There were seven papers published in the county the most of the time during its career, and there were not subscribers enough to ''go 'round."

Chaptek Yiii County Societies

The Thirteenth District Medical Society. - Its Early Offi CERS AND Licentiates. - Prominence of Henry County Physicians IN THE Society. - The New Castle Medical Society. - The Henry County Medical Society. - List of Members and Officers. - Physio-Medical System. - Henry County Bible Society. - Agricultural Societies. - Henry County Agricultural Society at New Castle. - Union Agricultural Association, Knightstown. - Henry, Madison and Delaware Agricultural Society, Middletown.

This is an able body, organized for a worthy object. Under its present name, the organization is new; but going back to its origin, we find that as far back as 1832 a society, known as the Medical Society of the Thirteenth Medical District of Indiana, was in existence, with headquarters at New Castle. The officers of the society in 1832 were John Elliott, President; Joel Peed, John H. Cook, John Elliott, Censors; Dickinson Burt, Secretary. Dr. Joel Peed afterward served as President of this body for many years, while the other officers were generally Henry County physicians. Unfortunately no records of this society are to be found at this day. Its object was the advancement of medical science and the self-improvement of its members by conference and discussion. The society examined candidates and granted licenses, established prices for professional services, and, in general, supervised the medical interests of the district, which comprised several counties. The physicians of Henry County who had received licenses from this association were as follows, in the year 1839, as we learn from an item in the Indiana Sun:

J. M. Whitesell, Y. Kersey and Benjamin Duncan, of Knights town; J. Pyan and G. H. Ballengall, of Middletown; William M. Kerr, in the northern part of the county; John P. Taylor, New Lisbon; J03I Peed, J. Y. Wayman and John Darr, of New Castle.

In 1845 the Thirteenth District Medical Society licensed the following physicians; Thomas Jones, of Lewisville; A. H. Hiatt, of Greensboro, and John C. Beck, of Cadiz. In 1846: Elisha Yan Buskirk and Shelly Jones, of Lewisville; Andrew J. Batson, of Hew Castle; and Lather W, Hess, of Middletown. In 1847: William H. Gaston and John Kea. Dr. James Y. Wayman w'as an early physician in the county, and an active member of the Thirteenth Medical District Society, in which he held office. He was a good physician and a prominent citizen. After some years of practice in the county, he removed to Cambridge City.

The officers of the Thirteentli District Medical Society in 1847 were: Dr. Joel Keed, President; G. W. Eiddell, T. H. Jones and T. B. Woodward, Censors; A. J. Claw^son, Secretary. Meetings were held annually on the first Monday in May. The society continued to fiourish nearly, if not quite, up to the time when the Hew Castle Medical Society was formed.

On the first Monday in May, 1856, at a meeting of the physicians of the county, it was resolved to form an association to be styled the Hew Castle Medical Society; and Drs. J. C. Beck, John Bea and Isaac Mendenhall were appointed a committee to draft a constitution and by-laws. The object of the society as set forth in the constitution was: "To promote the acquisition of medical knowledge by encouraging observation and comparing the experience of its members in the several departments of the science."

The officers elected in 1856 were: John C. Beck, President; W. H. Castor, Yice-President; John Rea, Secretary and Treasurer; Thomas S. Bayse, W. H. Castor and John Rea, Censors. The above and Isaac Mendenhall, W. F. Boor and S. Ferris were all of the charter members.

Three stated meetings were held at Hew Castle each year during the existence of the society. Dr. Rea served as Secretary from 1856 until the present society was formed, and has been Secretary of the present body from its organization. Presidents of the Hew Castle society were as follows: John C. Beck, 1856-'57; Isaac

In consequence of a change in the constitution of the State Medical Society, in 1879 the organization hitherto known as the Kew Castle Medical Society was re-organized on the 14th of August under the name of the Henry County Medical Society.

of this society shall be the Henr}^ County Medical Society, and it shall be auxiliary to and under control of the Indiana State Medical Society."

Art. 2 defines its objects in language already given above. Other articles in the constitution which may be of general interest are the following :

"Art. 9. A candidate to be eligible to membership must be a graduate of a regular medical school, or a practicing physician eligible to graduate in such school by attending one course of lectures, in which case, if recommended by the censors and voted for by two thirds of the members present, he may become a member by enrolling his name and paying an initiation fee of $2.00.

''Art. 10. The meetings of the society shall be held in New Castle on the second Thursdays in April, June, August, October, December and February of each year, with adjournments from time to time and place to place as the interests of the society may require, no meeting to be held outside of the county.

"Art. 13. The society shall be divided into three classes and each alternately shall be required to furnish an essay or a report of a disease medically treated, once every third meeting of the society, and failing to do so shall be fined fifty cents. * * * '

The charter nembers of the Henry County Society were Doctors Ferris, Mendenhall, Burke, W. F. and W. A. Boor, John and G. N. Kea, and Gronendyke, of New Castle; L.W.Hess, Cadiz; Wm. M. Kesoner, Sulphur Springs; G. D. Bailey, James and Cochran, Spiceland; G. W. Zimmerman, Cadiz; E. T. Mendenhall, Millville; C. G. Bartlett, Dunreith; Wilson Hobbs, Knightstown ; C. N. Blunt and H. Benedict. The following have joined since 1879: Rachel S. Bailey, 1880; J. T. Anderson, 1881; F. C. Hess, S. Pickering and Henry M. Crouse, 1882; F. G. Jackson, 1883.

Physio-Medical System

The history of the Physio-Medical System of Medicine is certainly a part of the history of Henry County, on account this system was practiced among the earliest settlers. There never was any county organization of this system of medicine until the summer of 1863, when the Physio-Medical physicians of this county, with some physicians of the same system from adjoining counties, met at New Castle, this county, and organized what has been known ever since as the First District Physio-Medical Association of Indiana.

This organization was to meet quarterly at some one of the central points of the district, and those places were more often in this county than any other in the district. The object of these meetings was for the purpose of discussing such things as were not fully understood by all our physicians. These meetings were mostly well attended, and each one would return home feeling he had learned something new and useful to him in his practice.

To make it so each one may more fully understand our principles, we will give the doctrines and practice of Physio- Medicalism, as written by Prof. S. E. Carey, and published in the January number of the Physio-Medical Journal^ 1875:

"The term Physio-Medicalism is derived from two Greek words, which signify natural medication, or medication in harmony with, or in obedience to, the laws of nature. It differs from all other systems in this: That it is founded upon the laws of physiology - laws of health; whilst all other systems are founded upon pathology - the laws of disease. It teaches that irritation, inflammation and fever are vital manifestations, and therefore sanitive in their tendency; that they evidence the action of the vital force - life-power - in its efforts to remove obstructions which cause disease; that when there are no obstructions to the full and free flow of vital force through all parts of the system, there will be no vital manifestations of an extra effort of the vital force to remove offending causes, no irritation, inflammation or fever. Other systems teach that irritation, inflammation and fever are essentially and properly considered disease, and should be treated accordingly.

" The practice of Physio Medicalism being based upon the belief of the sanitive tendency of fever, all the means used must harmonize with the efforts of the vital force to remove the cause of disease, in order that the effects may cease sooner or later.

Hence, Fhysio-Medicalisrn forbids the use of anything and everything which will mar or impair the vital force. Therefore poisons, of whatever kind or quality, whether mineral, vegetable or animal, are strictly and positively forbidden in every and all forms of disease. All other medical systems being based upon the belief that irritation, inflammation and fever are disease, use such agencies as will hreah the fever - destroy the vital manifestations - and hence they war with the vital force-power of life by every means of depletion they can command - by bleeding with lancets, cups, leeches, etc. ; by excessive purgation, starvation, excessive refrigeration, narcotization, etc., by the latter of which, in the use of opium, chloral, aconite, etc., they destroy the nervous sensibility and power .to act, and thereby often produce death, or lasting injury to the system; and this they call scientific practice. But we are often asked if Fhysio-Medicalists don't use poisons in extreme cases. We answer, no; that no poison can act in harmony with the vital force in any case, but must always war against it; and therefore no poison can be a Physio-Medical remedy in any case, whether taken internally or applied externally. Again we are asked if poisons do not cure some cases of disease. We answer no, and yes. Ho, because poisons cannot co-operate with the vital force in its efforts to remove the cause of disease, but on the contrary they tend to impair its power to restore health. Yes, because, they may provoke the vital force to an extraordinary effort to remove them - the poisons - and thereby the cause of the disease may also be removed, and the poison often gets the credit of the cure, when it properly belongs to the extra efforts of the vital force. Then the question comes up: If you admit that cures are often effected by the indirect use of poisons, why not give them? We answer, there are two reasons why they should not be given in any case: First, because they are always dangerous and sometimes fatal in their effects; second, because we have sanitive agents - innocent remedies - which will cure all forms of disease more readily than it can be done with poisons.

" But we are asked: Cannot a skillful physician give poisons in such a manner as to always avoid the evil effects which are so often seen ? We answer, no. The natural tendency of all poisons

"As evidence of this we see the most skillful physicians salivate and sometimes kill their patients when they do not intend it. So they often kill or permanently injure their patients with opium, chloral, strychnine, digitallis, chloroform, ether, etc., when they do not intend it, and cannot avoid it. This doctrine that the tendency and effect of a poison can be changed or avoided by the skill of the administrator is one of the greatest humbugs of the day. It has led to the use of the ' fatal dose ' in many, very many cases. How many thousands have been killed outright or permanently injured by taking opium, mercury, strychnine, chloral, chloroform, etc., whilst under the fatal delusion that these poisons were safe when administered by ' skillful hands' ?

Physio-Medicalism avoids all these calamities by totally rejecting the whole catalogue of poisons as remedies, and in this we think Physio-Medicalism is infinitely better than any or all other systems of medical practice."

About the same time of the organization of the First District Physio-Medical Association of Indiana there was organized at Hew Castle, this county, the State Physio-Medical Association. This organization meets annually, and at first it met at some central point ill or near this county. Some of the meetings were held at Hew Castle, Greensboro and Mechanicsburg, but of late years they have met in the city of Indianapolis. Hot being able to get any written or printed reports of these early meetings, we are unable to give the dates of the meetings and the officers of the different organizations, until the year 1866.

The State Physio-Medical Association convened at Hew Castle, this county, June 20 of that year. Dr. J. F. Polk, of this county, was Secretary. The following is a list of those who attended the meeting from this county: Drs. Jos. Weeks, Geo. Hasty, D. H. Stafford, J. Heedham and R. H. Homer. There may have been others, but nothing is said about them being in attendance.

As we said before, we have been unable to find reports of meetings, so we will notice some of the most prominent members who were instrumental in carrying on these meetings: Dr. Jos. Weeks, Mechanicsburg, is considered by all as the father of Physio- Medicalism in this county, and perhaps in the State. He has practiced for a third of a century. He has practiced longer than any other Physio-Medical physician in the county. A great many physicians have received their first medical instruction from him; a great many that have read under him have become prominent physicians of the State. Among these we will mention First, Dr. George Hasty, now of Indianapolis. He read medicine, graduated, and then practiced in the same town with Dr.| Weeks for several years, until he became one among the best physicians of the State. In 1872 he moved to Indianapolis, to engage in the practice of medicine, also to assist in the organization of the Physio-Medical College of Indiana, he filling some one of the chairs of the college. At present he fills the chair of the Principles and Practice of Medicine. After getting the college started he, with some others, started the Physio- Medical Journal. After running it a year or so he became sole proprietor and editor.

Second, we may mention Dr. C. T. Bedford, now also of Indianapolis. He formally lived at Middletown, this county. He received a part of his medical instruction from Dr. Weeks. He has practiced most of the time at Indianapolis, and at this time is Secretary of the Physio-Medical College of Indiana.

Third, we may mention Dr. John Needham, of New Castle. He read under Dr. Weeks. After graduating settled in New Castle, his home, where he has had an extensive practice, and filled the chair of Therapeutics and Materia Medica in the Physio-Medical Institute of Cincinnati, Ohio.

There are a great many others that received a part or all of their medical education at Mechanicsburg, outside of the college before they graduated, but on account of space we will speak of some of these briefly: First, Dr. J. M. Thurston, now of Hagerstown, Ind. Fie studied for a while at Mechanicsburg. After graduating he entered partnership with J. A. Stafford, Millville, this county. After residing here a year he moved to Hagerstown, where he has a very large practice, and is considered a prominent physician of the State. Second, A. W . Fisher, who resided for a while at Mechanicsburg, but now is located in Indianapolis. Third, Dr. Keasoner, of Southern Illinois: Fourth, Dr. A. S. Huston, Pendleton, Ind. Fifth, Dr. M. W. Ricks, Muncie, Ind. Sixth, Dr. Reed, Mechanicsburg. Seventh, Dr; C. B. Pendleton, of the same place, and others we are not able to give any correct account of at present.

While Dr. Weeks was carrying on the good work in the north part of the county. Dr. D. II. Stafford, who has been practicing for a long time, was carrying on the work in the south part of the county. He has sent out several students. Among some of these, First, Dr. J. A. Stafford, his son, who lives at Millville, this county, and has a very large practice. Second, Dr. T. B. Hammer, Charlottsville, Ind., and others. The Doctor is a regular attendant at the meetings of the Physio-Medical organizations, and is always ready to explain our system of medicine to those that want to know but don't understand its principles. But when you want to talk medicine, call on Dr. R. A. Smith and his wife, who are prominent physicians - the latter being the only lady physician of the Physio-Medical system in the county. They have a large practice, and have sent out a great many students, among some of these. First, Dr. J. T. Engleth, formerly of Honey Creek, this county. Second, L. F. Polk, Raymond, Neb.