Madison County, Indiana - Chapter 8: Cities and Towns, 1914

Extinct Towns and Villages - Incorporated Towns - Elwood - Alexandria - Pendleton - Summitville - Frankton - Lapel - Chesterfield - Markleville - Ingalls - Orestes - Smaller Villages - Alliance - Emporia - Ovid - Leisure - Huntsville - Halford - Perkinsville - Florida - Linwood - Fishersburg - List of Postoffices in the County - Rural Routes.

Since the formation of Madison county as a separate political divi¬ sion of the state in 1823, a number of towns or villages have been estab¬ lished or projected within her borders. Some of these have survived and have become industrial centers of considerable importance; others move along in "the even tenor of their way" as neighborhood trading points or post-villages, and still others have succumbed to the inevitable and are no longer in existence. In the chapters on township history will be found mention of most of these extinct towns, as well as a few of the minor villages still on the map, but for the convenience of the reader a list of these places is here given, to wit:

Victoria, Rockport and Omaha, in Anderson township; Independ¬ ence, Forrestville and Clarktown, in Boone; Menden, in Fall Creek; Alfont, in Green; Nancytown, an Indian village, in Jackson; Keller's Station, in Lafayette; Gilman and Osceola, in Monroe; Dundee, Monticello and New Madison, in Pipe Creek; Moonville, Pittsborough, Mount Pleasant and Prosperity, in Richland; Graber's Station and Johnson's Crossing, in Stony Creek; Slyfork or Branson, in Union.

Anderson, the county seat and largest city, is treated in the preced¬ ing chapter. Next to Anderson, Elwood and Alexandria, in the order named are the largest and most important centers of population. Other incorporated towns are Chesterfield, Frankton, Ingalls, Lapel, Markle¬ ville, Orestes, Pendleton and Summitville.

Elwood had its beginning in 1852, when William Barton opened a general store there. On March 1, 1853, the town was regularly laid out by James Anderson, J. B. Frazer and Mark Simmons and named Quincy by the founders. Soon after that a postoffice was established with William Barton as postmaster. As there was already one postoffice in the state (in Owen county) called Quincy, the one at Elwood was named Duck Creek. The confusion arising from having one name for the town and another for the postoffice often was the cause of both ludicrous and serious embarrassments, but the condition continued for more than fifteen years, when Captain F. M. Hunter, who was then postmaster, enlisted the cooperation of some of the citizens in a move¬ ment to change the name of both town and postoffice to Elwood, the new name becoming effective on July 21, 1869.

trustees; J. H. Hunter, clerk; George Ross, treasurer; J. M. Parsons, marshal. The population was then between three hundred and four hundred and the principal articles of export were lumber and cooper¬ age materials. The town boasted a brick school house, a fine flour mill, a hotel, several well appointed stores and a bank. The last named insti¬ tution had been established by William Barton in 1870, about two years before the incorporation.

Although Elwood continued to grow steadily, its development was comparatively slow until after the discovery of natural gas in the im¬ mediate vicinity in 1887. Then it experienced a boom. Within two years the population and business interests had increased to such an extent that some of the more enterprising and progressive citizens began to advocate the establishment of a city government. As a result of the agitation an election was called for April 27, 1891, to give the voters an opportunity to express themselves for or against the incorporation of Elwood as a city. The whole number of votes cast at the election was 523, of which 377 were in favor of the proposition and 146 against it, a majority of 231 in favor of a city government. As soon as the customary preliminaries were complied with, the city was divided into four wards and an election for city officers was ordered for the 9th of June.

To William A. Dehority belongs the distinction of having been Elwood's first mayor. He was born in Elwood (or Quincy, as it was then called), on October 24, 1868, and was therefore in his twenty-third year w T hen called by his fellow townsmen to be the city's first chief executive. At the time of his election he was the youngest mayor in the state of Indiana, but his energy, fine educational qualifications and inherent executive ability soon made it manifest that no mistake had been com¬ mitted by the people when they intrusted him with the important duty of inaugurating the new municipal regime. Mr. Dehority was also Indiana's first chief state accountant, appointed by Governor MarshalL

The other officers elected at the same time as Mayor Dehority were 0. A. Armfield, clerk; T. L. Dehority, treasurer; F. M. Hunter, Jr., marshal; G. W. Boyer and Jacob Kraus, councilinen for the first ward; Martin E. Goode and Hugh Lyst, for the second; Daniel Heck and S. H. Cochran, for the third; and John Frith and W. B. Willets, for the fourth.

One of the first acts of the new city administration w r as the passage of an ordinance granting a franchise to a company to put in a system of water works. This ordinance was approved by the mayor on July 27, 1891, work was commenced on the plant immediately afterward, and water was supplied to a part of the city by the close of the year. The source of supply is fourteen, eight-inch deep w r ells. A reservoir with a capacity of one million and six hundred thousand gallons forms part of the system, the water being forced through the mains for ordinary pur¬ poses at a pressure of forty pounds to the square inch, which may be increased to one hundred pounds in case of fire. The quality of the water is above the average for cities of Elwood's size, and the quantity has always been sufficient to supply the demands.

About the time the franchise was granted to the water company an electric lighting company was also granted a charter. Some years later the equipment of this company, with patronage and good will, was trans¬ ferred to the Indiana Service Company, which controls electric light and power plants in a number of cities through central Indiana.

When natural gas was first struck near Ehvood, the people were so elated over the prospect of securing cheap light and fuel that a company was formed and mains laid through the streets and alleys at pleasure, without the formality of asking for a franchise. After the city govern¬ ment had been in operation for some time, this company sought and obtained a franchise giving it the right to extend its mains, etc., and also regulating the rates to be charged for gas.

summer of 1893. The privilege of laying tracks upon certain streets had been granted by the city authorities some time before, but the work was delayed by the opposition of both the Lake Erie & Western and the Pennsylvania Railroad Companies, which tried to prevent the street railway lines from crossing their tracks. The street railway system is now owned by the Indiana Union Traction Company.

On April 1, 1892, the first Elwood fire department was organized. It consisted of two regular men, eight volunteers, one wagon and two horses. In 1895 six paid men were added to the department, which was still further strengthened by the addition of two more in 1899, after which time volunteers ceased to form part of the department. The city now has two hose wagons and a hook and ladder truck, housed in good buildings and provided with everything that contributes to efficiency. The working force consists of a chief, an assistant chief and eight men who give their entire time to the city and are always ready to answer calls. '

Soon after the inauguration of the city government the marshal gave way to an organized police department, which in 1913 consisted of a chief, a sergeant and seven patrolmen.

In 1899 a city hall was erected at a cost of $35,000. In the base¬ ment are located the heating plant and cells for the city's prisoners. The main floor is occupied by the municipal offices and the mayor's court, and in the south wing quarters are provided for the hook and ladder truck and one of the hose wagons. The inscription on the cor¬ ner-stone shows that at the time the building was erected F. M. Harbit was the mayor; J. J. Davis, city clerk; W. A. Hupp, city treasurer; John Finan, city engineer; Phil Hamm, J. L. Ringo, Lute Douge and William Davis, councilmen; T. F. Harnack and E. Rummel, building committee, and that J. E. Alexander & Son were the architects who designed the building.

'The city government in 1913 was composed of Austin Brumbaugh, mayor; John Nearom, city clerk; V. M. Maines, city treasurer; A. R. Foland, chief of police; Frank Toler, sergeant; Herman Barber, chief of the fire department; J. H. Snyder, assistant chief, and the council was composed of five members instead of eight as when the city was first incorporated. At one time Elwood was divided into five wards, but in recent years the number has been reduced to three, each of which elects a councilman and there are two councilmen at large. - The pres¬ ent council is made up of C. C. Haworth and Edmon H. Peters, coun¬ cilmen at large; Albert L. Klapp, representing the first ward; W. E. Clymer, the second, and E. B. Weismantel, the third. These officers retire in January, 1914, except the members of the fire and police de¬ partments.

From the little Duck Creek postoffice, established on February 5, 1855, with William Barton as postmaster, the postal business of El¬ wood has grown to such proportions as to justify the erection of a spe¬ cial building by the Federal government for its accommodation. Accord¬ ingly, an appropriation was made for that purpose by Congress and work on the building was commenced on April 22, 1912. On July 21, 1913, it was opened to the public. The new postoffice is located at the corner of North A and Anderson streets, near the business center of the city, and was completed at a cost of $57,555. Besides the postmaster and assistant postmaster, the office employs five clerks and six carriers in the city and six rural carriers deliver mail from the Elwood office to the surrounding country.

Since the incorporation of Elwood as a city, several clubs or associa¬ tions have been formed by the business men for the promotion of the material welfare of the city and its industries. The present Merchants' and Manufacturers' Club was organized on September 13, 1911, and numbers ninety-eight members. The officers for 1913 were: M. J. Fo¬ garty, president; B. H. Campbell, vice president; R. J. Weber, secretary; W. E. Harting, treasurer.

The Elwood of today has twelve miles of brick streets, five modern public school buildings, twelve churches, a free public library, a central heating plant that supplies hot water heat to over one hundred buildings, lodges of all the leading fraternal organizations, four of which own their homes, two daily newspapers, three banks and one trust company with deposits of about $1,500,000, good hotels and theaters, two large grain elevators, a well equipped flour mill, several important manufac¬ turing establishments, over one hundred retail mercantile houses, and is surrounded by one of the best agricultural districts in the state. Excel¬ lent transportation and shipping facilities are afforded by the Lake Erie & Western and Pan Handle railroads and the Indiana Union Traction Company. In 1910 the population, according to the United States census, was 11,028, and the assessed value of the property in 1912 was $3,188,690.

The business development of Elwood, bringing it up from a mere vil¬ lage to a city of large proportions, is largely due to the enterprise and loyalty of the Dehority family and the Callaways. These two families were in business in Elwood when it was but a "speck" on the map, and they both prospered to such an extent that when the moment came to make strides toward making Elwood a city, they were there, ready to lead the procession. No proposition for the betterment of Elwood has ever presented itself that did not receive their hearty support.

Alexandria, the third city of the county in population, is situated on Pipe creek, near the center of Monroe township, ten miles north of Anderson, with which city it is connected by the Michigan division of the Big Four railway, and a line of the Indiana Union Traction system. The first white settler in Monroe township, Micajah Chamness, located here in 1831. Others came soon after and quite a settlement had grown up in the vicinity before the town was formally laid out. Soon after the passage of the internal improvement act by the state legislature of 1836, John D. Stephenson and William Connor came to the conclusion that the Indiana Central canal must pass near this settlement and conceived the idea of starting a town on the banks of Pipe creek. They therefore purchased of Micajah Chamness the east half of the northeast quarter of section 24 and employed Nineveh Berry, at that time county surveyor, to lay out the town. The survey and plat were completed on June 3,1836, and on the next day was held the first sale of lots. News of the canal had spread and a large number of buyers were present, the prices of lots ranging from ten to fifty-three dollars.

Thus the town started off under favorable auspices. Soon after it was laid out Nineveh Berry erected a log house at the southeast corner of what are now Berry and Clinton streets and, as the agent of Conner & Stephenson, put in a stock of general merchandise. This was the first mercantile establishment in Monroe township. In a few months Colonel Berry's official duties as surveyor called him to Anderson and David L. Pickard became his successor as manager of the store. About this time a postoffice was established and Mr. Pickard was appointed postmaster. He was succeeded by Nathan E. Tomlinson, who came from Yorktown, Delaware county, in 1839 as manager of the store of Burner & Company.

The first hotel in the town was opened by David L. Pickard in 1838, in a log house weather-boarded on the outside, located at the corner of Harrison and Berry streets, where it remained standing for fifty years or more as one of Alexandria's landmarks. In that day there were no railroads, and, as most of the travel was on horseback, the frontier hotels were generally prepared to furnish "entertainment for both man and beast." For this service Mr. Pickard's rates were sixty cents per day.

Connor and Stephenson had judged rightly when they anticipated that the canal would pass Alexandria, and when it was located in 1838 the town enjoyed an era of prosperity that lasted until the canal project was abandoned about two years later. For the twenty years from 1840 to 1860 the growth of Alexandria was rather slow. Among the enter¬ prises established during this period were the mercantile houses of William Calloway (1845) and William T. Scott (1847), and the fan¬ ning mill factory of Wolfe & Sherman in 1850. At the beginning of the Civil war in 1861 the population of Alexandria was about 350.

In 1875 two railroads - the Cincinnati, Wabash & Michigan and the Lafayette, Muncie & Bloomington - were completed through Alexandria. The former of these roads is now the Michigan division of the Big Four, and the latter is the Lake Erie & Western. With the advent of the rail¬ roads Alexandria experienced a marked increase in both population and business activity. So much so, indeed, that early in the summer of 1876 the town was incorporated with the following officers: Nathan E. Tomlinson, E. B. Chamness and Gideon Kiefer, trustees; J. M. Tomlin¬ son, clerk; Seth B. Henshaw, treasurer; Marion Tuttle, marshal. The first meeting of the town board was held on July 5, 1876.

Attracted to the enterprising little town, Joseph Fenimore started the publication of the Alexandria Bee in 1877, but he "reckoned with¬ out his host," for the patronage was not equal to his expectations and after a somewhat precarious career of a few months the Bee was forced to suspend.

On March 27, 1887, the first natural gas well in Madison county, near the end of East Washington street came in with a strong pressure and for the third time Alexandria was due for a boom. The population was then about 800. The enterprising citizens were not slow to recog¬ nize the possibilities and offered flattering inducements to manufac- turers to locate in Alexandria. The first window glass factory in the county was started by Harper & Cruzen in 1888. Within the next three years two large brick factories, four glass works, the Kelly Ax Works and the Union Steel Company, established themselves in Alexandria. The 3,500 men employed by these concerns, as w T ell as a number employed by several smaller concerns, added materially to the population and it soon became evident that the old town government was too antiquated in form for a municipality that was going forward by leaps and bounds like Alexandria. Consequently Alexandria was incorporated as a city in 1893, with the following officers: John E. Sherman, mayor; L. J. Hernly, clerk; E. C. Robinson, treasurer; W. W. Fenimore, marshal; C. F. Heritage and John Reese, councilmen for the First ward; Joseph Brannum and Henry Herr, Second ward; T. W. Mullen and Peter Hartman, Third ward.

A. Allman and John M. Walker, councilmen at large; George C. Har¬ man, First ward; Charles F. Meyer, Second ward; John F. Kelly, Third ward; D. R. Jones, city attorney; S. E. Donahoo, chief of police; John F. Merker, chief of the fire department; Emmet N. Hollowell, assistant chief; Dr. E. J. Beardsley, health officer.

On the night of December 6, 1891, fire was discovered in Pauly's jew¬ elry store about midnight and every building in that square was de¬ stroyed before the flames could be checked. All the buildings were frame except the one occupied by H. P. Williams' saloon. A few days after the fire the walls of this structure fell and buried John Fink and William Morley, the latter a boy about fifteen years old, in the ruins: Both were unconscious when rescued and died soon afterward. Another disastrous fire occurred on the night of January 21, 1893, starting in Clayton's grocery on the west side of Harrison street, between Church and Wood streets. Although the citizens rendered such aid as they could on both these occasions, it was apparent that the city needed some systematic protection against conflagrations. The city council was appealed to by the citizens to establish a fire department, but the state of the public finances was such that nothing could be done by the munic¬ ipal authorities.

In this emergency R. H. Hannah, A. E. Harlan, S. E. Young, Anthony Bertsche and J. P. Condo, five of the public spirited citizens, came forward with a proposition to furnish the money to purchase a hook and ladder truck, a two-horse chemical engine and a small fire extinguisher if the people would undertake to man them. The appa¬ ratus was purchased in Chicago and upon its arrival in Alexandria a meeting was held at the office of Mayor Sherman to organize a fire com¬ pany. Forty men volunteered and Pink Yarble, Joseph Brannum, Joseph Fulton and T. W. Mullen were elected a board of directors. This was the beginning of Alexandria's fire department. As the city pos¬ sessed no suitable building for the chemical engine and hook and lad¬ der truck, they were kept in a livery stable until more adequate quar¬ ters could be provided.

After the completion of the water works the chemical engine was dispensed with, and the department at the present time consists of a chief, assistant chief and four men, all paid by the city. The apparatus consists of a hook and ladder truck and a hose wagon, stationed in a building on Wayne street, just south of the city building.

On September 2, 1895, bonds to the amount of $40,000 were issued for the purpose of constructing a water works system for the city. Mains were laid through all the principal streets, both in the business and residence districts, a large steel stand-pipe and pumping station were erected and a number of deep wells were sunk to furnish the water supply. All the bonds have been paid except $4,000, which are not due until 1915. Alexandria has a modern water works system and a bountiful supply of good water and the entire plant is owned by the city.

In 1893 the Alexandria Electric Lighting Company was organized and within a comparatively short time had its plant in operation. This plant is now operated by the Indiana Service Company.

For more than ten years after the city was incorporated, the munic¬ ipal officers occupied rented quarters, but in 1905 a lot was purchased at the southeast corner of Church and Wayne streets and James McGuire was employed to make plans for a city building. From the inscrip¬ tion on the corner stone it is learned that J. II. Edwards was then mayor; H. J. Inlow, city clerk; J. S. Wales, treasurer; J. W. Mountain, marshal; A. II. Jones, attorney; M. Miller, F. C. Jones, N. Booth, A. Schilling, J. F. Kelly and J. H. Frank, councilmen; O'Hara & Good¬ win, contractors. The cost of the administration building was $7,679 and the contract provided that it should be completed by May 1, 1906. Just south of this building is the city prison, or jail, which was erected about the same time at a cost of $950, and south of the jail is a brick building for the use of the fire department, erected in 1905 at a cost of about $3,000. With these buildings Alexandria is as well provided with municipal accommodations as any city of its size in the state. Immediately across Wayne street from the administration building is the Carnegie Library.

The citizens of Alexandria have always been alert to any and every¬ thing that would conduce to the material welfare and progress of their city. To this end the Alexandria Business Men's Association was organ¬ ized on January 24, 1911, and now numbers seventy-five members, with the following officers: F. C. Jones, druggist, president; L. S. Mahony, shoe merchant, vice-president; William P. Snethen, tailoring, secre¬ tary; S. G. Phillips, banker, treasurer. This association assumes charge of celebrations, advertising, etc., and in other ways endeavors to pro¬ mote the interests of the city and its people.

According to the United States census of 1910, the population of Alexandria was then 5,096. In 1912 the property of the city was assessed for taxes at $1,159,275, or about $225 for each man, woman and child living within the corporate limits. The city has four modern pub¬ lic school buildings, two banks, two newspapers, one of w T hich issues a daily edition, fourteen religious organizations, adequate fire and police departments, a number of well stocked mercantile establishments, well paved streets over a large part of the city, good hotels, and although the industries of the city suffered great inconvenience through the failure of natural gas, there are still several large manufactories at Alexan¬ dria. The United States postoffice employs six persons in the office, four city and eight rural carriers and annually handles a large amount of mail. John C. Brattain was postmaster in 1913. The first lawyer to locate in Alexandria was Peter H. Lemon, who opened an office there in 1842. The first resident physician was a Dr. Spence, who established himself in the village soon after it was laid out and built the first brick house in the town. The city now has its full quota of lawyers and doc¬ tors.

This town has the distinction of being one of the oldest in the county. It is situated near the center of Fall Creek township, on the main line of the Big Four Railway, eight miles southwest of Anderson. In the early settle¬ ment of Fall Creek township a majority of the pioneers located along Fall creek, near the falls, and their houses were so near to each other that the settlement had the appearance of a town without ever having been laid out as such. Thomas M. Pendleton, who owned the land upon which the major portion of the town now stands, and for whom the place was named, seeing the desirability of the location, decided to found a town in the regular way. Accordingly, he employed a surveyor and on January 13, 1830, had his farm divided into lots and a copy of the plat filed with the county recorder.

When the county of Madison was erected in 1823, the seat of jus¬ tice was established at Pendleton, the organic act providing that the sessions of the court should be held at the house of William McCartney, which stood near the falls of Fall Creek. Oliver II. Smith, in his " Early Reminiscences of Indiana/ 7 in giving an account of the famous trials of the white men for the Indian murders, says: "A new log building was erected at the north part of Pendleton, with two rooms, one for the court and one fob the grand jury. The court room was about twenty by thirty feet with a heavy ' puncheon * floor, a platform at one end, three feet high, a bench for the judges, a plain table for the clerk, in front, a long bench for the counsel, a little pen for the prisoners, a side bench for the witnesses, and a long pole in front, substantially sup¬ ported, to separate the crowd irom the bar."

This was doubtless the first courthouse ever erected in the county. The business of the county was transacted at Pendleton until after the passage of the act of. January 26, 1827, which appointed a commission to select a location for a permanent county seat. A full account of the work of this commission, and the establishment of the seat of justice at Anderson, will be found in Chapter IV.

Thomas Silver had opened a store a year or two before the town was surveyed. He was the pioneer merchant and the brick building erected by him on the corner of State and Main streets was the first business building of that kind in Pendleton. Other early merchants were Palmer Patrick, James Gray, Joseph Bowman and William Silver. Palmer Patrick was associated for a time with Thomas Silver. James Gray came in 1833 and at the time of his death in 1850 was considered the leading merchant of the town. Joseph Bowman remained but a short time, when he removed to Middletown, where he finally died. William Silver came in 1838 and engaged in business alone. Ten years later he transferred his store to his son, J. R. Silver, who conducted it for many years.

The first tavern was a frame building on the south side of State street, a short distance west of Main. It was built by Jacob Mingle for a residence, but, the town being without a hotel, he opened it for the accommodation of travelers, chiefly immigrants seeking homes in ''the new country. ' '

James Bell, who came to Pendleton in 1833, conducted a hotel for awhile at the corner of State and Main streets, but later converted the building into a mercantile establishment. The "Madison House,'' a two-story frame building on the south side of Main street, west of State, was erected and opened as a hotel by Jesse Boston about 1835. He died two years later, but his widow continued to conduct the hotel until her death some years afterward, when the house was closed. The building occupied by James Gray's residence and store, at the northeast corner of State and Main streets, was converted into a hotel about 1852 and was first conducted by James H. Smithers, under the name of the Pen¬ dleton House. After several changes in ownership it passed into the hands of F. E. Ireland, who changed the name to the Commercial Hotel. This building was destroyed by fire on July 7, 1897.

During the first twenty years of its career, the growth of Pendle¬ ton was "slow but sure." In 1850 the Indianapolis & Bellefontaine Railroad (now the Big Four) was completed to Pendleton and proved a great stimulus to the town. On October 12, 1850, Nineveh Berry made a new survey of Pendleton and about the same time two or three addi¬ tions were made to the original plat. A year or so later a movement was started for the incorporation of the town, and after the usual pre¬ liminaries in the way of circulating petitions, etc., an election was ordered for December 24, 1853, to determine the question. Nathaniel

Richmond, T. O. Mitchell and G. M. Rogers were the election inspectors, and upon canvassing the returns they found thirty-seven votes for the incorporation and only four against it. The first officers were as fol¬ lows: Nathaniel Richmond, William Silver, Joseph Stephenson, M. Chapman and R. Clark, trustees; T. G. Mitchell, clerk; John Huston (or Houston), treasurer; David Bousman, marshal. The first meeting of the town board was held on March 31, 1854, when Nathaniel Rich¬ mond was elected president of the board.

The present town government is composed of William Swain, Fred Lantz, Stephen Hair, T. A. Baker and J. W. Linder, trustees; D. B. Cole, clerk and treasurer; Edward Burdette, marshal. The school board is made up of J. J. Rodger, president; Dr. L. E. Alexander, secretary; George P. Longnecker, treasurer.

In Harden's "Pioneer," published in 1895, is an article from the pen of Mrs. Caroline E. Russell, giving her early recollections of Pendle¬ ton. Mrs. Russell says that about 1831 the citizens decided to have a pub¬ lic well and a man by the name of Adam Anderson was employed to dig it. At the brick store, where many of the inhabitants were in the habit of loafing of evenings, a collection would be taken up each evening to pay Anderson for his day's work. If there was not enough to satisfy his demand he would cover up the well and wait until he received his wages before proceeding with the work. In time, however, the well was completed and was the principal source of water supply for the greater part of the town. Before it was dug the people carried water for some distance from two springs - one known as the "Spout Spring," which was located south of the central part of the town near the right of way of the Big Four Railroad, and the other north of Fall creek, not far from the Fishersburg pike.

In common w r ith other Madison county towns, Pendleton enjoyed a prosperous career for a few years following the discovery of natural gas. Several new manufacturing establishments were located and for a time the town wore an atmosphere of industrial activity. With the failure of the gas supply most of the factories were discontinued or removed to other points, though there are still some industries of this nature in operation, mention of which is made in the chapter on Finance and Industries. Pendleton has a commercial club, of which A. B. Tay¬ lor is president and Charles Goodrich is secretary, the purpose of which is similar to that of such organizations in other towns - to adver¬ tise Pendleton and its advantages and by cooperating secure favor¬ able freight rates, etc. The Big Four Railroad and one of the principal lines of the Indiana Union Traction Company afford excellent transpor¬ tation and shipping facilities.

The Pendleton of the present day has a modern school building, four churches, a weekly newspaper, well paved streets, two banks, several well equipped mercantile establishments and a number of handsome residences. The population in 1910 was 1,293.

which he operated in connection with his farm, kept a general store and also entertained travelers at his residence. A settlement grew up about the store and tannery and Mr. Williams sold several lots by metes and bounds before any regular plat of the town was made and recorded.

Summitville is located a little west of the center of Van Buren town¬ ship, seventeen miles north of Anderson. It was first called "Skipperville," but when the surveyors marked the line of the old Indianapolis & Fort Wayne state road, some years before any settlement was made where Summitville now stands, they marked that point as the highest ground between Fort Wayne and Indianapolis. The name of Skipperville not being very dignified or euphonious, it was changed to Summit¬ ville, which name was adopted to correspond to the report of the sur¬ veyors. A short distance north of the town is the watershed that divides the valleys of the Wabash and the White river.

Among the early settlers in the vicinity of Summitville were Thomas Cartwright and his son, William T., who came from Wayne county, Indiana, early in the fall of 1835. Seven years before that the family had come from North Carolina and settled at Milton, Wayne county. Thomas Cartwright kept a tavern on the canal, just south of Summit¬ ville. He was one of the three trustees that ordered the erection of the second public schoolhouse in Van Buren township. His grandson, T. E. Cartwright, of Summitville, still has in possession the old clock brought to the settlement by his grandfather in 1835.

In November, 1867, Henry Roby opene4 a store - the first business enterprise to be established after the town was laid out - but soon after¬ ward sold out to Aquila Moore & Son. Some time before that a postoffice had been established about two miles north of the town and Wil¬ liam Knowland was the first postmaster. About the time Moore & Son purchased Mr. Roby's interests, the postoffice was removed to the store and Aquila Moore was appointed postmaster. The first mails were car¬ ried on horseback from Strawtown, Hamilton county, over "blazed" roads through the woods. Daniel Dwiggins was the first mail rider. Then Caleb May and Kuhn Slagle began running a stage line between Anderson and Marion and they carried the mails - north one day and south the next. Thomas Cranfill was the last man to carry the mails by vehicle prior to the completion of the railroad.

In 1876 the Cincinnati, Wabash & Michigan Railroad (now the Big Four) was completed to Summitville and a station was established there with J. P. Smith as agent. James H. Wooden erected a grain warehouse, several new business enterprises came in and Summitville experienced its first real boom. Such was the growth during the next few years that on December 31, 1881, Summitville was incorporated by order of the board of county commissioners, though the town officers were not elected until May 1, 1882, when Joseph A. Allen, Moses Stone and George W. Fear were chosen trustees; Frank Hernley, clerk; W. H. Williams, treasurer; and J. M. Williams, marshal. In 1913 the officers were as follows: Isaac F. Wilbanks, William W. Bryson and Oscar A. Vinson, trustees; John M. Kaufman, clerk; Maurice Warner, treasurer; Lytle Bair, marshal.

The town's second boom came with the discovery of natural gas. In a short time after the first gas well was sunk Summitville became one of the thriftiest and most enterprising towns in the county. Among the industries established there during the gas era were three glass fac¬ tories, a large brick factory and the Summitville Tile Works, as well as several smaller concerns. Some of these industries are still running. About 1890 or 1891 a question was raised as to the legality of the town's incorporation. Through the influence of J. M. Hundley, the legislature of 1895 passed an act legalizing the incorporation and all the acts of the town board.

The first water works in Summitville were put in by the Summit¬ ville Mining Company, which in reality was a natural gas company. Gas pressure was used to pump water from a deep well bored for gas, and after the pressure became too low to force the water through the pipes the water works were abandoned. The present electric light and water company was organized in 1903 by William Warner & Sons and R. C. Howard. About a year later the plants were sold to the town on a rental basis and were operated by the municipality until in 1911, when, the town deciding that it was unable to make the payments, they were turned back to the original company, which is now furnishing an ample water supply from deep wells, but the electric lighting plant is idle, the company purchasing its current from the Union Traction Company.

Summitville has a bank, a flour mill, a handsome public school build¬ ing, five churches, several good mercantile establishments, about two and a half miles of paved streets, concrete sidewalks over the greater part of the town, first class transportation facilities through the Big Four Railroad and one of the Union Traction Company's lines, a good hotel, a weekly newspaper, and in 1910 reported a population of 1,387. North Summitville, formerly known as "Wrinkle," is the site of a large drain tile works, a general store, etc. It is located about three quarters of a mile north of the main town.

Situated on the Pan Handle Railroad about ten miles northwest of Anderson, and on the boundary line between Lafayette and Pipe Creek townships, is the town of Frankton. It was laid out on March 3. 1853, by Alfred Makepeace and Francis Sigler. The first building had been erected there some five years before by John Hardy and was occu¬ pied as soon as completed by Alfred Makepeace with a stock of goods, brought in wagons from Cincinnati. As early as 1837 or 1838 a post- office had been established at the house of William Taylor, about a mile east of Frankton, with Mr. Taylor as the postmaster. In 1855 it was removed to the village and the name of the office changed to Frank¬ ton.

The town was incorporated in 1871 with Dr. Stanley W. Edwins, William Cochran and Dr. R. Harvey as the first board of trustees. Three years before the incorporation the town had erected a two-story brick schoolhouse at a cost of about $2,500. At the present time Frankton has a commissioned high school and employs seven teachers in the pub¬ lic schools. The first bank was started in 1876 by Cornelias Quick & Company.

Prior to 1887 the principal industries of Frankton were a sawmill and flour mill. With the discovery of natural gas in 1887 the town immediately began to look up. A number of new industrial concerns located there, among them being two brick manufacturing companies, two window glass companies, one of which erected two factories, three fence companies, a rolling mill and a novelty works. In a short time after the introduction of gas the population was estimated at 2,000. Three additions were made to the town by Joseph M. Watkins, and other additions were made by different persons until the town spread over a considerable territory. Several of the factories closed when the natural gas failed and there was a decline in population. Notwithstand¬ ing these losses, Frankton is still one of the active towns of the county. It has a number of well stocked mercantile houses, a bank, several fac¬ tories, a fine public school building, neat church edifices representing the houses of worship of different denominations, lodges of some of the principal fraternal societies, and in 1910 reported a population of 936. Being located in the midst of a rich agricultural district, it is an important shipping point.

On the line of the Central Indiana Railroad, eight miles west of Anderson, lies the incorporated town of Lapel, the principal town of Stony Creek township. Probably the first settler here was Benoni Freel, who had previously settled near the present town of Perkinsville, Jackson township, but in 1828 erected a cabin upon the site of Lapel. This town is the outgrowth of the building of the Anderson, Lebanon & St. Louis (now the Central Indiana) Railroad. Work was commenced on this road in 1873 and the first rail was laid late in the year 1875. On April 27, 1876, Samuel E. Busby and David Conrad laid out the town of Lapel. For several years the village consisted of a few scattering houses, a flour mill and a general store. Then a second flour mill was erected and after the discovery of natural gas the growth was more rapid. In a short time Lapel boasted - besides the two large flour mills - a planing mill, a flint bottle factory, a pump and gas regulator fac¬ tory, tile mills and some minor industries.

In January, 1893, Lapel was incorporated with E. R. Rambo, O. C. Shetterly and James Armstrong as trustees, and J. C. McCarty as clerk. After the incorporation considerable attention was given to the work of improving the streets and in other ways beautifying the town, with the result that Lapel has the reputation of being one of the pret¬ tiest places in Madison county. It has a fine public school building, a commissioned high school and employs eight teachers, there are several neat churches edifices, lodges of various orders, a number of handsome residences, some good stores, a bank and a few factories, among which are a flint bottle works and a large canning factory. Lapel is sur¬ rounded by a fertile country and is the principal shipping point on the Central Indiana Railroad between Anderson and Noblesville.

An incident that occurred at Lapel in the summer of 1886 attracted considerable attention. That was the incendiary fire that destroyed Woodward Brothers ' large flour mill early on the morning of August 16th. Mrs. William Woodward discovered the fire and aroused her husband, who reached the window in time to see the incendiary watch¬ ing, apparently to see if his work was well done. The town had no fire department and the mill, together with its contents - about 5,000 bush¬ els of wheat and a large quantity of flour - was completely destroyed, the loss being given as $15,000. Detectives were employed by the owners to discover and convict the guilty parties. Suspicion pointed to John Cottrell, who was soon afterward arrested at Pendleton and taken to jail. In a preliminary hearing before a justice of the peace he was bound over to the Madison circuit court. Thomas and George Ford, the son and nephew of James Ford, the rival miller, were also arrested, given a preliminary hearing and bound over to the circuit court.

Upon promise of immunity Cottrell turned state's evidence, testify¬ ing that a conspiracy was formed between him and the Fords by which he was to fire the mill. A change of venue was taken to the Hamilton county circuit court, where George Ford was found guilty at the Decem¬ ber term in 1886 and sentenced to serve nine years in the penitentiary and pay a fine of $1,000. At the March term following Thomas Ford was found guilty as an accessory and sentenced to four years in the penitentiary. Cottrell was never punished for his part in the work. James Ford, the owner of the rival mill, an old and respected citizen, spent the greater part of the fortune he had accumulated in the defense of his son and nephew. No accusation was brought against him as hav¬ ing guilty knowledge of the affair and he had the sympathy of many citizens who had known him for years as an honorable and upright man.

This town dates back to about the year 1827, though it was not for¬ mally laid out until early in the year 1830 by Allen Makepeace. It was first called West Union and when the township of Union was organ¬ ized in May, 1830, the first election was ordered to be held at the house of Thomas Vananda, who kept a grocery in the town of West Union. The county commissioners, at the September term in 1834, changed the name to Chesterfield upon a petition signed by a majority of the cit¬ izens and presented by Allen Makepeace.

the county and so far as trade was concerned bid fair to become a formidable rival to Anderson. When the Indianapolis & Bellefontaine Railroad was completed through Madison county in 1852, Ches¬ terfield experienced several years of unusual business activity. Large shipments of agricultural products were made from the town and the merchants extended their trade over a large district of the surround¬ ing country. Population increased to such an extent that in the late summer of the year 1857 a petition was circulated and signed by a large majority of the citizens, asking for the incorporation of the town. At the September term the county commissioners ordered an election for October 9, 1857 (the second Friday), at the schoolhouse, when the voters might have an opportunity to express themselves for or against the incorporation. For some reason that election was not held, and in December the board ordered a second election, to be held on January 2, 1858. This time the effort was productive of better results. Thirty-two votes were cast in favor of the incorporation and none against it. Proper returns of the election were filed with the commis¬ sioners, who, on March 11, 1858, issued the order for the incorpora¬ tion of Chesterfield.

For some time after the town was incorporated it continued to pros¬ per and improve. Harden, who wrote in 1874, said at that time - "It has, however, lost its prestige, and many of its houses are untenanta¬ ble.' 7 The principal reasons why Chesterfield thus declined were no doubt that other towns offered better inducements and some of the most active and successful business men of Chesterfield removed to other points. In 1910 the population of Chesterfield was 285, and the prop¬ erty in 1912 was assessed for tax purposes at $107,560.

Since Harden alluded to Chesterfield in 1874 as having 4 4 lost its prestige," it is but justice to the town to say that in recent years it has again become a live, active place. The building of the interurban railway had the effect of stimulating industry and activity in mercan¬ tile pursuits. It is now one of the best villages in the county for coun¬ try trade. The Indiana Spiritualist Association has a large tract of land adjoining the town, which makes for it a beautiful park and a meeting place for the annual gathering of those connected with the Spiritualistic faith. Allen Makepeace, who died at Chesterfield, was the wealthiest man in the county at the time of his death.

This town is located in Adams township, two miles from the Henry county line and the same distance north of Hancock county. It is on the Michigan division of the Big Four Railroad, ten miles southeast of Anderson, and is the principal town in that section of the county. The Pendleton & Newcastle pike runs east and west through the town. Markleville was laid out by John Markle, from whom it derives its name, in 1852. Soon after the town was laid out a postoffice was estab¬ lished there with John Markle as postmaster.

Those of a later date were the firms of Sebrell & Blake and Hardy & Lewis. The latter firm about 1873 erected the finest business room in the town up to that time. Dr. Daniel Cook was probably the first resident physician. Other physicians in the early history of the town were William Hendricks, Jacob and William P. Harter and William Swain.

When the railroad was completed through the town in 1890, Markleville became a station of considerable importance for the south¬ eastern part of the county. By 1910 the population had increased to 225 and some of the citizens began to advocate the incorporation of the town. Two years passed before anything definite was done, but on August 10, 1912, a petition to incorporate the town of Markleville, signed by more than one-third of the resident qualified voters, was pre¬ sented to the board of county commissioners. An election was ordered for Tuesday, August 27, 1912, the polls to be open from 9 o'clock A. M. to 4 o'clock P. M. On the 31st I. N. Addison, B. F. Ham and B.

L. Petro, inspectors of election, filed a certificate of the result with the commissioners, showing that sixty-seven votes had been cast, fifty-two of which were in favor of* the incorporation and fifteen opposed.

Upon this showing, and it further appearing that all the require¬ ments of the law had been complied with by the petitioners, the board "ordered and ordained that said town is legally and lawfully incor¬ porated under and by the name of Markleville."

Markleville has the usual mercantile concerns and business inter¬ ests found in towns of its size, churches of different faiths, a public school, a bank, lodges of some of the fraternal societies, and is a ship¬ ping point for a rich agricultural district.

This town, located near the southern boundary of the county in Green township, was laid out on June 5, 1893, by the Ingalls Land Com¬ pany, of which J. H. Clark was president, and was named in honor of

M. E. Ingalls, president of the Big Four Railroad Company. At that time natural gas was plentiful in Madison county and the liberal inducements offered by the founders of Ingalls led to the establish¬ ment there of a number of manufacturing concerns, one of which was known as the Zinc Works, which employed a large number of persons. A glass factory was established in 1895 and soon after the town was platted the railroad company erected a comfortable passenger station. At the March term in 1896 the county commissioners received a peti¬ tion asking that Ingalls be incorporated. The petition was granted and an election ordered for April 7, 1896, for the purpose of giving the voters the privilege of recording themselves as in favor of or opposed to the incorporation of the town. John Manifold, Silas Baker and Henry Swain 'were the inspectors at this election. They reported sixty-five votes cast, only four of which were against the proposition to incor¬ porate, and on May 1, 1896, the following town officers were elected: J. C. Manifold, George Laws and William Potter, town council; J. H. Lail, clerk; J. M. Manifold, treasurer; Chance Stewart, marshal.

Ingalls has never reached the magnitude anticipated by its projec¬ tors, though if the natural gas supply had continued the town might have been larger and more active than it is. In 1910 the population was 322. It is a trading point for the southeastern part of the county, but the proximity of Fortville, Hancock county, which is only a little over two miles distant, robs Ingalls of some of its prosperity.

Two miles west of Alexandria on the Lake Erie & Western Bailroad is the incorporated town of Orestes. It was established as a station soon after the railroad was completed in 1876 and remained a small village until after the discovery of natural gas. Then a large glass factory and a tile works were located there and the population increased until two school buildings were required to accommodate the children of school age. It was about this time that the town was incorporated, the order of the commissioners to that effect being made late in the year 1894. With the decline of natural gas the town lost much of its pres¬ tige and much of the business formerly transacted there was trans¬ ferred to Alexandria. Orestes still maintains a good public school, some general stores, a money order postoffice, etc., and in 1910 reported a pop¬ ulation of 420.

Besides the ten incorporated cities and towns above mentioned in this chapter, there are a number of smaller towns and villages in the county. These are Alliance, Emporia and Ovid, in Adams township; Leisure, in Duck Creek township; Huntsville, in Fall Creek township; Halford and Perkinsville, in Jackson township; Florida and Lin wood, in Lafayette township, and Fishersburg, in Stony Creek township.

Alliance is a station on the Big Four Railroad about five miles south¬ east of Anderson. A general store is located here and some shipping is done from Alliance, though it was considered too small by the cen¬ sus authorities in 1910 to give it a separate report as to population, its inhabitants being included with Adams township.

Emporia, a small station on the Big Four Railroad, is two miles southeast of Alliance. It was laid out soon after the southern exten¬ sion of the railroad was completed in 1891. One of the first industries to be established there was the sawmill of William and Edward Trueblood. A postoffice was established here with William Trueblood as postmaster, but upon the introduction of the rural free delivery system the office was discontinued and the people now get their mail through the office at Markleville, two miles southeast. William Mauzy opened the first general store after the town was laid out. The population in 1910 was fifty.

Ovid, formerly called New Columbus, was laid out by Abraham Adams in 1834. It is pleasantly situated upon the high grounds just south of Fall Creek, seven miles south of Anderson and about half a mile west of the Big Four Railroad. When the postoffice was estab¬ lished in 1837 it was named Ovid, in order to avoid confusion with an office at Columbus, Bartholomew county. William Miller was the first postmaster; Hiram Burch was the first merchant, and Dr. C. Horn was the first physician. Armstrong & Fort started a tannery in 1837, but it was not a financial success and was abandoned after a short time. Early in 1840 a petition was presented to the county commissioners praying for the incorporation of the town, whereupon the board took the following action: "On a petition of a majority of the citizens of New Columbus, Madison county, Indiana, it is ordered that the citizens of said town hold an election in said town on the first Monday in April next, for the purpose of electing the proper officers to govern the said town as an incorporated town. And upon the citizens complying with this order the said town thereafter to be considered as incorporated . 7 7

The records do not show what became of the town government, but it is certain that for many years New Columbus has not appeared upon the tax duplicates of the county as an incorporated town. The postoffice has been discontinued and the people are supplied by rural carrier. The population was 110 in 1910. Ovid has a public school; some of the fraternal orders are represented by lodges, and the village is a trad¬ ing point and rallying center for a rich and populous agricultural district.

Some of the most prominent men in Madison county, in former years, lived and thrived in Ovid. Among them may be mentioned Dr. Joel Pratt, Dr. Bear and Dr. Stanley W. Edwins, all prominent in their profession. Allen Makepeace and Abner Cory were among the early merchants. The defeating of a subsidy of $6,000 asked for the southern extension of the Big Four Railroad through Adams township, was the death knell of Ovid. It was a mistake often since regretted, but it can never be corrected. The influence of Ovid was against the subsidy and for this reason the railroad avoided the town, causing other villages to be built up along the line.

Leisure is a small hamlet in the northwestern corner of Duck Creek township, five miles due north of Elwood. It has a church, a public school, a general store and a few dwellings. A postoffice was once maintained at Leisure, but it has been discontinued, the people now receiving mail by rural carrier from Elwood. In 1910 the village re¬ ported a population of one hundred.

Huntsville, situated about one mile northeast of Pendleton, is one of the old towns of the county, having been laid out on May 24, 1830, by Enos Adamson and Eleazer Hunt, who were among the early set¬ tlers in that locality. Other pioneers w T ere Thomas and J. T. Swain, Abel Johnson, B. F. Gregory, John Montgomery, Dr. McCain, William Wright and John Jones. For several years Huntsville was a rival with Pendleton for commercial supremacy, but with the completion of the railroad through the latter town in the early '50s, Huntsville began to decline. In the early days the elections in Fall Creek township were held in Huntsville, but in 1838 the voting place w 7 as removed to Pendle¬ ton by the county commissioners. In 1890, when the township was divided into four precincts under the Australian ballot law 7 , Hunts¬ ville again became a voting place.

wood in 1830; Enos Adamson's gristmill, which began operations the same year; James Hackney's hat shop, John Conrad's tailor shop, Rob¬ ert Childers' distillery and Joseph Hair's shoe shop, all opened in 1831. Eleazer Hunt also opened a tannery in that year and conducted it for six years when he sold out to Isaac Wright. Adamson's mill continued in operation until 1848, when it was destroyed by fire. During the lat¬ ter part of its existence a woolen mill and oil mill were conducted in connection with it. Not long after the burning of this mill Wilson, Wynn & Kocuin built a new one. Cook & Aimen afterward became the owners of this mill, as well as the sawmill a short distance east of it, and in 1872 Mr. Aimen became the sole owner. This mill, like its predecessor, was destroyed by fire and has never been rebuilt.

Benjamin Snodgrass was the first merchant in Huntsville. Simeon Lewis, John Tillson, Nathan Wilson, William Johnson, Dr. McCain, Benjamin Lukens and some others were also engaged in merchandising at Huntsville during the early days. A postoffice was established there at an early day, with David P. Hazleton as postmaster. Horace Lewis was the last postmaster, the office being discontinued while he held the position.

Halford, a small hamlet of Jackson township, is located on the south bank of the White river, about four miles west of Anderson. It was laid out in 1836 by Henry Devlin, who was the agent of Conner & Stephenson, of Noblesville, who were active in locating towns and open¬ ing stores along the line of the Indiana Central canal. When it was first laid out the name of Hamilton was conferred upon it, but the postoffice established there some years later was called Zinnsburg. Sub¬ sequently the name was changed to Halford, after Elijah Halford, an Indianapolis journalist. William King was the first merchant, and Dr. William Godell the first physician. John Ashby opened a tavern here in 1842 and for some years after that the town did a considerable volume of business. The postoffice has been abandoned and the inhabit¬ ants are supplied by rural carrier from Anderson.

Perkinsville, situated on the north bank of the White river in the western part of Jackson township and extending to the Hamilton county line, was laid out by Thomas L. and James Beckwith and Bicknell Cole on August 1, 1837. It was the intention of the founders to name the town in honor of William Parkins, who was one of the prom¬ inent pioneers, but the plat was recorded as "Perkinsville" through mistake. Thomas L. Beckwith opened a store here in 1835, and in 1838 was appointed the first postmaster, a position he held until 1877. The postoffice has since been discontinued. A large flour mill was one of the industries of Perkinsville for many years, but it was destroyed by fire in August, 1884, and has never been rebuilt. The town has a good public school building, the usual quota of general stores, churches, etc., for villages of its size, a hotel, and in 1910 reported a population of 318, according to the United States census for that year.

Florida is a station on the Pan Handle Railroad in Lafayette town¬ ship, six miles northwest of Anderson. It was laid out in 1856 on the farm of Thomas G. Clark, and was at first known as Clark's Station. Henry Hendrick was the first merchant and George Craighead was the first postmaster. Dr. Thomas B. Forkner was the first physician. A large tile mill was one of the early business concerns, but with the drain¬ age of the lands in the vicinity the demand for tile decreased and the plant was converted into a brick factory. Florida is located in a fer¬ tile farming district and is a shipping point of some importance. Dur¬ ing the era of natural gas Van Metre's addition was made to the original plat, but the town did not grow as expected and in 1910 the popula¬ tion was but 125. The postoffice has been discontinued and the village now receives mail by rural route from Anderson. Public school No. 10, of the township schools, is located at Florida. The village also has a Methodist church, a general store, etc.

Linwood, originally called Funk's Station, is located on the Michigan division of the Big Four Railroad, about six miles north of Anderson. The name of Linwood was given the place when the postoffice was estab¬ lished there some years ago, with Samuel A. Towell as the first post¬ master. Given & Bruce at one time conducted a general store and Charles Hartman a drug store. John C. May and a Mr. Thomas have made additions to the original plat. Linwood has a public school, a sawmill and lumber yard, a general store and a few minor business con¬ cerns. A line of the Union Traction system passed a short distance east of the main portion of the village and a station has been established opposite the town.

Fishersburg was laid out in May, 1837, by Rev. Fletcher Tevis. It is located on the right bank of Stony creek at the western boundary of the county. The first house in the village was built by a man named Rogers, who started the first blacksmith shop in that part of the county. William and Benjamin Sylvester were the first merchants, opening their store in 1844. A postoffice was established in 1853, with Charles Fisher, who had bought out the Sylvesters, as the first postmaster. The postoffice has been discontinued, the citizens now being supplied by rural route from Lapel. Prior to the building of the Central Indiana Railroad in 1876, the village of Fishersburg was the principal trading point for the western part of Stony Creek township and a large section of Hamilton county. When the railroad was completed the town of Lapel, three-fourths of a mile southeast, sprang up, and being on the railroad drew a large part of the trade. The United States census of 1910 gives the population of Fishersburg as two hundred. A good brick schoolhouse was erected here in 1874, and Methodist and Baptist churches were organized at an early date.

Over forty-five thousand of the citizens of Madison county reside in the cities, towns and villages. The postoffices of the county, according to the United States Postal Guide for July, 1913, were: Alexandria, Anderson, Chesterfield, Elwood, Frankton, Ingalls, Lapel, Linwood, Markleville, Orestes, Pendleton and Summitville. All these are money order offices, those at Alexandria, Anderson, Elwood, Frankton, Ingalls, Pendleton and Summitville being authorized to issue international money orders. Forty-four rural routes supply daily mail to all parts of the county.