Madison County, Indiana - Chapter 9: Finance and Industry, 1914

Public Finances - Outstanding Debt - Gravel Road Bonds - Banks and Trust Companies - Bold Bank Robbery - Anderson Loan Association - Early Manufacturing Establishments - Natural Gas Era - New Factories Located - Manufacturing Statistics of Cities and Towns - "Made in Anderson" Exhibit - Agricultural Conditions and Statistics - The Farmer Still King.

The people of Madison county are to be congratulated upon the fact that the public revenues have always been managed in such a manner that at no time has the indebtedness been burdensome to the taxpayers. Bonds have been issued from time to time for specific purposes, but with each issue provisions have been made for meeting the obligations when they fell due. So carefully and conservatively has this policy been followed that at the beginning of the year 1905 the county was entirely free from debt. The great flood of that year swept away a number of bridges, and to meet the emergency the commissioners decided to borrow $45,000 upon the county's notes, without issuing bonds. These notes were made pay¬ able one year after date, the county reserving the right to make payment sooner, if the revenues were in shape to do so. Plenty of men were found to loan money under these conditions, so that a regular bond issue was not necessary.

Shortly after the passage of the local option law by the state legis¬ lature, Madison county "went dry" and the saloon keepers asked a refund of the money they had paid for liquor licenses. That money had been turned into the public school fund, from which it could not be withdrawn and the county authorities borrowed, on notes, the sum of $3,950 to refund the license fees.

In 1910 this debt of $3,950 was paid, but in that year the county borrowed $20,000 for current expenses, giving notes therefor. These notes were all paid in 1911, but the county in that year borrowed $10,000 to meet current expenses. The total outstanding debt at the beginning of the year 1912 was therefore $55,000, but during that year and the first half of 1913 notes to the amount of $17,000 were paid and canceled, leaving an outstanding indebtedness on September 1, 1913, of $38,000. Few counties in the state can show as clean a financial record.

In the purchase of the toll roads some years ago, and in the con¬ struction of new gravel roads, bonds aggregating about $2,000,000 have been issued. These bonds are payable by the townships. The, amount of gravel road bonds outstanding on September 1, 1913, was as follows:

While these figures may seem large, when the reader stops to con¬ sider that Madison county has approximately five hundred miles of im¬ proved highway it will be seen that every dollar of gravel road bonds issued is a permanent investment, the profits of which can hardly be estimated.

The Citizens ' Bank, of Anderson, which was founded in 1855 by Neal C. McCullough and Byron K. Elliott, is the oldest bank in Mad¬ ison county. Judge Elliott retired in 1863 and in 1879 the bank was reorganized, W. T. Durbin and C. K. McCullough being then admitted as partners. In 1881 D. F. Mustard became a member of the banking firm, but withdrew in 1884. In the meantime the Madison County Bank had been organized by J. E. Corwin, L. J. Burr, N. R. Elliott, J. H. Terhune, John W. Pence and some other local capitalists, and subsequently was converted into a state bank. About the time Mr. Mustard left the Citizens ' Bank he formed a partnership with A. J. Brunt and others and purchased the Madison County Bank, which was consolidated with the Citizens' in 1886.

The First National Bank, of Anderson, was organized in 1865. Prior to that time J. G. Stilwell and his son, Thomas N. Stilwell, had been engaged in doing a banking business upon a small scale and they were the principal factors in securing the organization of the First National in 1865, with a capital stock of $50,000. The bank started off with bril¬ liant prospects and for about eight years carried on a successful busi¬ ness. It was a correspondent of the banking house of Jay Cooke &

Company, of New York, and when the failure of that concern occurred in the early fall of 1873 it precipitated a wide-spread panic. Many of the depositors in the First National, knowing the relationship between that bank and Jay Cooke & Company, hastened to withdraw their money. These withdrawals so crippled the bank that on November 15, 1873, it was compelled to close its doors. At that time Colonel Thomas N. Stilwell was president and A. B. Kline, cashier.

Thomas McCullough, of Oxford, Ohio, was made receiver and issued a statement showing the resources of the bank to be $164,563 and the liabilities, $137,717. Upon this showing it was thought the bank would pay all obligations in full, but among the assets were Venezuelan bonds to the amount of $100,000, of which Colonel Stilwell had acquired a large part while he was minister to that country, and these bonds turned out to be worthless, so that the depositors received only about forty cents on the dollar. The bonds were taken possession of by the comptroller of the currency at Washington and there are some who still believe that some time they will be paid.

Mr. McCullough soon resigned as receiver and Walter S. Johnson, of Washington, D. C., succeeded him, remaining until the business of the bank was settled. Among the heavy depositors was Weems Heagy, treasurer of Madison county, whose deposit at the time of the failure amounted to $21,000. This is the only bank failure that has ever occurred in the county.

The Exchange Bank, of Anderson, was organized in 1866 by William Crim & Company, with Joseph Fulton as cashier. It was opened in what was known as the Adams block, the second door from Main street, at the northeast corner of the public square, where it continued in busi¬ ness until 1873, when it was moved to the northwest corner of the square, in the building now known as the Harter Hotel. In 1881 it was reorganized, T. J. McMahan, II. J. Daniels and John L. Forkner be¬ coming interested. Three years later J. W. Sansberry purchased the interest of Mr. Daniels. On July 1, 1886, the bank was removed to the Doxey Hotel corner, at Ninth and Main streets, and in 1892 it was reorganized as the National Exchange Bank of Anderson. In October, 1909, it removed to its present location on the east side of Meridian street, between Ninth and Tenth streets. J. W. Sansberry is the pres¬ ent president, Isaac E. May, vice-president, and George S. Parker, cashier. The capital stock of the bank is $100,000; surplus and undi¬ vided profits, $35,000, and deposits, $564,000.

On August 10, 1878, while conducted by William Crim & Company, this bank was robbed in a peculiarly daring manner. A few days before that time a well dressed man registered at the Doxey Hotel as "H. F. Tilden, Mound City, Iowa," and soon became acquainted with Joseph R. Cain, who was then cashier of the bank. Just at noon on the 10th, while Mr. Cain was in the bank alone, Tilden entered and requested silver for a $20 bill. Mr. Cain counted out the money and just at that moment Tilden, who had a cloth around one of his fingers as though he had suffered some injury, requested the cashier to tie up his finger, saying he could not tie it himself with but one hand. While Mr. Cain was thus engaged, two of Tilden's confederates, wear- ing soft-soled shoes, slipped around to the safe and made away with a considerable amount of money, which has been estimated all the way from $5,000 to $12,000. Another confederate stood on the outside to detain any person about to enter, and did detain Richard Thornburg with some insignificant inquiry until Tilden and the two sneak thieves made their "get away."

The absence of the money was discovered a few minutes later when Norval Crim went to the safe to get funds with which to cash a large check, and officers were soon hot on the trail. Tilden and his associates made at once for the Pan Handle station to the north-bound train due at 1:20 p. m. and the officers succeeded in boarding the same train. Tilden; J. C. Curtis, of Cleveland; John Ryan, of Fort Wayne; J. Ash and J. T. Bradley, of Pittsfield, were arrested before the train reached Elwood and were brought back for trial. At the preliminary hearing Ash and Curtis were released but the other three -men were held on bail. Their friends came forward and put up a cash bond, which was for¬ feited and the criminals disappeared. x About $2,000 of the stolen money was found hidden in a stave yard at Elwood, where Ryan tried to make his escape after being arrested, and many believe that some kind of arrangement was made by which the bank recovered the greater portion of it, though the facts have never been made public. Mr. Cain was never censured, as it was always considered that he acted as any one else would have done under similar circumstances.

In February, 1890, the Anderson Banking Company was organized with a capital stock of $60,000, which was held by the following per¬ sons: Dr. Braxton Baker, W. H. Quick, Jesse L. Vermillion, George F. Quick, Harrison Canaday, U. C. Vermillion, S. E. Young, A. J. Brunt and II. J. Daniels. Braxton Baker was the first president and Jesse L. Vermillion the first cashier. The officers in 1913 were: Jesse L. Vermillion, president; W. H. H. Quick, vice-president; Otto Buettner, cashier; Earle E. Young, assistant cashier. The board of directors con¬ sists of the president, vice-president, cashier, A. J. Brunt, E. F. Ver¬ million, George F. Quick, Harrison Canaday and Braxton Baker. The bank is located at the southwest corner of Ninth and Meridian streets. Its capital stock is now $126,500; surplus, $73,500, and deposits, $650,- 000. It is regarded as one of the strongest banks in this section of the state.

The Anderson Trust Company, which conducts a general trust com¬ pany and banking business at the southeast corner of Tenth and Merid¬ ian streets, was established in February, 1899, with a capital stock of $50,000. Since it commenced business the company has increased its capital stock to $100,000, accumulated a fund of over $50,000 in sur¬ plus and undivided profits, and in June, 1913, carried deposits of nearly $362,000. The present officers of the company are: Sanford M. Keltner, president; Thomas B. Orr, vice-president; Frank H. Schlater, secretary; B. B. McCandliss, assistant secretary. Besides the three principal officers, the board of directors includes J. L. Vermillion, A. J. Brunt, Henry C. Callaway and James M. Donnelly. William H. Her¬ itage is in charge of the real estate and insurance department.

the Peopled State National Bank. This institution was organized in 1905 by Joseph I. Schuhmacher as the People's State Bank and it opened its doors for business on the first day of November with a paid in cap¬ ital of $100,000. On November 26,1912, it was reorganized as a national bank, with the name indicated above. The officers of the bank are: J. I. Schuhmacher, president; Stephan Markt, vice-president; C. A. Thayer, cashier. Some idea of the successful career of this bank may be gained from the fact that its surplus and undivided profits are over $30,000 and its total resources nearly $590,000. The deposits are over $300,000.

There is one financial concern in Anderson that stands almost with¬ out a parallel in the financial history of the state. That is the Anderson Loan Association, which has an authorized capital of $10,000,000. It was organized late in the year 1888, incorporated under the state laws, and began business on January 1, 1889. For some time the association had no regular meeting place, using such locations as could be had without payment of rent. The first secretary received a salary of $15 per month. After a time a regular meeting place was found in the commissioners' court room, for which the association paid a rental of $12.50 per month. In 1894 the commissioners needed the room and the association was forced to look for a new home. The officials then rented a room in the basement of the courthouse for $6.00 per month. In December, 1894, the lot where the Masonic Temple now stands, on Meridian street, was bought for $6,400 and the association joined with the Masonic bodies of Anderson in the erection of a building, the north side of which belonged to the loan association. This building was first occupied on December 27, 1895.

In a few years it became apparent that more room w T ould soon be needed for the transaction of the rapidly increasing business and the officers began to look for a more suitable location. In June, 1908, the association purchased the lot at the southeast corner of Tenth and Jackson streets and began the erection of a building 72 by 144 feet, three stories high. Two business rooms front on Tenth street, the one in the corner (48 by 70 feet) being occupied by the association, and the east room by the Farmers ' Trust Company. The second and third doors are divided into twenty-one apartments, modern in every respect. The cost of this building and the lot upon which it stands was $90,000.

The original founders were Francis A. Walker, Charles H. Ewing and Thomas B. Orr, the last named being the present attorney for the association. In the beginning the capital authorized was $1,000,000, which has been increased from time to time until it is now r $10,000,000, of which $8,500,000 has been issued. The association has nearly 10,000 members, the greatest number of any institution of its kind in the State of Indiana. Members have removed to other states and even to foreign countries, but they still retain their holdings. The total assets of the institution aggregate over $2,500,000, with a surplus of over $120,000, and it has nearly $2,000,000 loaned on real estate security, most of it in Madison county.

Anderson's youngest banking house is the Farmers' Trust Com¬ pany, which began business on January 6, 1912, with J. J. Netterville as president; Edward H. Mathews, vice-president; George E. Nichol, secretary and treasurer; A. T. Dye, assistant secretary and treasurer. The capital stock of this company is $100,000 and during the first six¬ teen months of its existence it accumulated a fund of $5,391 in undi¬ vided profits. Its deposits are over $150,000. It is located at No. 29 West Tenth street.

1881 by B. T. and H. C. Callaway, with a capital of $50,000. In 1908 it was incorporated under the laws of Indiana. Originally it was kifown as the Citizens' Exchange Bank, but at the time of the incorpo¬ ration took its present name. The officers in 1913 were: H. C. Callaway, president; S. C. Spoor, vice-president; Charles Osborn, cashier. H. C. Callaway, S. C. Spoor, L. M. Gross, J. W. Callaway and Charles Osborn constitute the board of directors.

1882 as the Farmers' Bank. In 1892 it was reorganized under its present name and is No. 4,675 under the national banking laws. It has a capital stock of $50,000; a circulation of $50,000; a surplus of over $20,000, and deposits of about $300,000. In 1913 the officers of the bank were: E. C. Dehority, president; Charles Harvey, vice-president; C. D. Babbitt, cashier. In 1892 the building occupied by this bank was destroyed by fire and a new home for it was erected at the northwest comer of Main and Anderson streets, but this building was exchanged for the bank's present quarters a few years later.

In February, 1903, the Elwood State Bank was established with a capital of $75,000, all paid up. In a short time this bank came to be generally recognized as one of the strong financial institutions of Mad¬ ison county. The present officers are: O. B. Frazier, president; J. D. Armfield, vice-president; Charles C. Dehority, cashier. These three

The Elwood Trust Company commenced its career on March 31, 1907, with a capital of $25,000. It now has a surplus of about $9,000 and deposits of over $330,000. F. M. Harbit is the president of the company; J. T. Jessup, vice-president; J. D. Higbee, secretary and treasurer. The board of directors is composed of F. M. Harbit, W. E. Harting, S. B. Harting, R. A. McClure, F. H. Zahn, Harry Sells and J. T. Jessup. This company is incorporated under the laws of Indiana and is authorized to act as trustee, administrator, executor and receiver, as well as to transact a general banking business. The combined de¬ posits of the four Elwood banks amount to over $1,250,000.

The first bank in Alexandria was opened by Dr. Braxton Baker in McMahan & Company's drug store, years before it was thought the village would become one of the principal cities of the county. In 1888 it was formally organized as the Alexandria Bank by Dr. Baker and some local capitalists, and in 1892 it was reorganized under the national banking laws as the Alexandria National Bank, which afterward liqui¬ dated and the same persons resumed business as the Alexandria Bank. A statement issued by this bank at the close of its business on August 9, 1913, shows a capital stock paid in of $11,500; a surplus of $9,000, and deposits of over $376,000. At that time the officers of the bank were as follows: S. G. Phillips, president; R. H. Hannah, vice-president; Isaac S. Kelly, cashier; J. S. Wales, assistant cashier. This bank is a private institution that has acquired a reputation for the reliable and conservative management of the funds intrusted to its care during its successful career of a quarter of a century, and today it enjoys the confidence of the entire community.

The Commercial Bank and Trust Company, of Alexandria, was first organized in 1893 by S. Y. Free and Dr. B. T. Callaway as the Com¬ mercial Bank. In 1908 it was incorporated as the Commercial State Bank, and in 1912 was reorganized as the Commercial Bank and Trust Company. The capital of this institution is $25,000; its surplus, about $3,500, and its deposits, nearly $175,000. Arthur E. Harlan is pres¬ ident; Harry M. Adams, vice-president; Vernon H. Day, secretary; Hugh A. Harlan, assistant secretary. The board of directors is com¬ posed of the three principal officers, J. C. Yinson, S. P. Brown and W. F. Wilson.

A. B. Taylor & Son organized the Pendleton Banking Company in 1872. Some years later they disposed of the bank by selling it to E. P. Rogers, who admitted Thomas M. Hardy to a partnership. In 1891 Aaron Morris became interested in the institution and about 1897 Mr. Rogers retired. This bank has a capital stock of $25,000 and is in¬ corporated as a state bank. Its surplus is over $8,000 and its deposits uearly $250,000. In August, 1913, the officers of the bank were: Thomas M. Hardy, president; R. A. Morris, vice-president; W. F. Morris, cashier; V. P. Wilson, assistant cashier.

The Pendleton Trust Company was organized in the spring of 1910, with a capital of $25,000. Its officers in August, 1913, were as follows: A. C. Anderson, president; G. R. Mingle, vice-president; R. F. Thomas, secretary and treasurer. At that time its deposits amounted to about

$60,000. Incorporated under the laws of Indiana, the company is authorized to transact all classes of business legally transacted by trust companies within the state.

The Summitville Bank and Trust Company was organized on April 14, 1913, by merging the two banks then in the town and the Summit¬ ville Realty Company into one institution. In 1892 the Summitville Bank was organized by A. J. Brunt and a Mr. Scott. Two years later William Warner became president and Maurice Warner cashier, and they remained at the head of the concern until the formation of the Summitville Bank and Trust Company. W. H. Dobson and others organized the Citizens ' Bank, of Summitville, in 1893 and it continued under that name until in 1905 when it was changed to the Farmers' and Merchants' Bank. Ih the consolidation of these two banks to form the Summitville Bank and Trust Company the capital stock was fixed at $35,000, all of which is paid in. The deposits amount to about $300,000. John F. P. Thurston is president of the institution; Jesse Vermillion, vice-president; Maurice Warner, secretary; C. M. Waltz and Frank M. Hundley, assistant secretaries. The trust company department is under the management of Robert McLain and John M. Kaufman. Soon after the bank was organized the directors purchased and remodeled the McNabney block, at the corner of Main and Mill streets, which the management claims is the largest and best equipped banking room in this section of the state.

In 1876 Cornelius Quick opened a private bank at Frankton, with his son, George Quick, as a partner. Some years later George Quick became interested in the Anderson Banking Company and is now a director in that institution. In 1909 this bank was reorganized as a state bank, with a capital stock of $17,000, and in 1913 the deposits were about $110,000. Charles C. Dehority is president; J. M. Farlow, vicepresident, and J. O. Lee, cashier.

The State Bank of Lapel was organized under the laws of Indiana in 1898, with a capital stock of $25,000, though it had been founded some years before by David Conrad and conducted as a private bank until incorporated. David Conrad is now president and D. E. Conrad, cashier. * This bank has deposits of over $100,000 and a surplus of about $1,000.

On January 6, 1913, the Markleville Bank, a private institution, subject to the banking laws of the state, was organized at Markleville, with a capital stock of $10,000. Of this bank C. W. Keach is president; J. F. Keach, vice-president; and Benjamin Keach, cashier.

The report of the State Bureau of Statistics for the year 1912 says of Madison county: "Before gas was discovered in 1887, agriculture was the county's leading industry; but since then manufacturing has grown rapidly, and now many hundreds of skilled workmen are em¬ ployed in the numerous large plants, which produce nails, files, wire fence, cut, window and plate glass, decorative tile, carriages, refriger¬ ators, electrical supplies, granite ware, tinplate, silos, automobiles, etc., worth millions of dollars." natural gas. The earliest manufacturing establishments were flour mills. What were known as the Cataract mills were built at Pendelton as early as 1825. The Silver or Lower mills, were built at Pendleton in 1828, and the National mills in 1848. The latter were supplied with two Leffel turbine wheels and had a capacity of forty barrels of flour per day. In 1856 a large merchant mill was erected at Perkinsville by Jacob Zeller. The Germania mills, at Anderson, were established in 1867, by J. H. Carl & Son, in a building at the crossing of Fifth street and the Pan Handle Railroad that had been erected for a grain elevator by Mortimer Atherton twelve years before. These mills, now known as the Schalk mills, are still in operation, G. D. Schalk, of Hamilton, Ohio, having purchased the property in 1869 and made a number of improvements. In 1876 he was killed in this mill by the bursting of a buhr. His partner, James Wellington, took charge of the mill and with the minor sons of Mr. Schalk conducted the business and made further improvements. Subsequently, the sons of G. D.' Schalk pur¬ chased Mr. Wellington's interest and have since operated the mill in their own name.

The Henderson mills, also at Anderson, were built by James M. Dickson in 1874, on the west side of Meridian street, just north of the Big Four Railroad. After several changes in ownership they became the property of Edgar Henderson in October, 1878. He operated the mills until they were destroyed by fire on October 22, 1881, when he sold the lot and removed to Kingman, Kansas, where he died some years later. Another concern of this kind is the Wellington mills, located at the junction of Central avenue and the Big Four tracks in Anderson.

A carding machine was established in connection with his mill near Chesterfield, about 1838, by Frederick Bronnenberg. James M. Irish erected a woolen mill at Pendleton a few years later. He transferred it to his sons and it was operated by them until destroyed by fire in 1865. The following year it was rebuilt and continued as a woolen mill until about 1870, when it was converted into a flour mill. There was also a woolen mill in the southern part of Richland township. It was built in the early '40s by John B. Purcell, who sold it to Stephen Broadbent. Mr. Broadbent continued to operate this mill until Ins death. It was the last woolen mill in active operation in the county.

In 1865, the year Anderson was incorporated as a city, James, A. J. and H. W. Quinn began the manufacture of carriages at the corner of Main and Fifth streets, near the Pan Handle station, under the firm name of James Quinn & Sons. James Quinn learned his trade in Ire¬ land and his motto was apparently 44 Honesty is the best policy," as some of the vehicles made by him and his sons nearly half a century ago are still in use.

George Mathes and H. H. Conrad formed a partnership in 1866 and began the manufacture of wagons and carriages under the firm name of Conrad & Mathes. Two years later Mr. Mathes withdrew from the firm and engaged in business for himself on North Main street, not far from the Pan Handle freight house. In 1877 his brother, William Mathes, became a partner and the business of the new firm was en¬ larged until the Mathes wagon became one of the best known in central

Indiana. They also shipped a number of wagons to West Virginia and Ohio. This business is now conducted by Fred Mathes, a son of the late George Mathes, who in the spring of 1913 erected a new building and added a department for repairing automobiles. This is one of the oldest plants in the city of Anderson.

Jackson & Holloway established a chair factory at the corner of Eleventh and Meridian streets, in Anderson, in 1865; Anderson, Chit¬ tenden & Sisco started a factory in 1868 for the manufacture of spokes, hubs, etc., but five years later the founders were succeeded by the firm of Lafe J. Burr & Company; C. T. Doxey & Company engaged in the manufacture of heading and staves in 1870, their factory having been located on Jackson street near the Big Four tracks; and the Ralya stave factory, near the junction of the Big Four and Pan Handle tracks, was started by J. J. Ralya in 1877. All these concerns, in common with other wood working factories, were discontinued when the supply of timber suitable for their use was exhausted.

The Michner Machine Works was organized and incorporated in 1870, with D. W. Swank as president and John W. Westerfield as secre¬ tary and treasurer. A foundry and machine shop were erected at the north end of Jackson street. In 1875 the plant became the Anderson Foundry and Machine Works, under which name it is still in operation. Brick making machinery and gas engines are the leading products of the factory. As an interesting historical fact, the Anderson Foundry and Machine Works was the first factory to receive a subsidy for locat¬ ing in the city of Anderson. The grounds upon which the plant stands were donated by James Hazlett and the city made an appropriation to induce the company to locate here.

Platter & Foreman started a pump factory on January 1, 1873, in buildings that had been erected for the purpose by some other parties in 1859. After several unsuccessful attempts to make pumps here by various parties the works were abandoned in 1870 and stood idle for nearly three years. Platter & Foreman infused new life into the project and a year after they began business, James Battreall was admitted as a partner. In a short time the porcelain-lined wooden pumps made by this firm were known all over northern and central Indiana, the southern peninsula of Michigan and western Ohio. Scarcity of timber was the principal cause of the suspension of this concern. Platter and Battreall are both now deceased.

It is believed that natural gas was first utilized in the United States at Fredonia, New York, in 1821, when a "pocket" was struck and the product was used for illuminating purposes. About forty years later, while developing the oil fields of western Pennsylvania, enough gas was discovered to serve as fuel under the boilers instead of coal, and in 1873 gas was first used in the manufacture of iron at Leechburg, Pennsylvania. Prospecting went on and in the early '80s a rich gas field was found in Washington county, Pennsylvania. In 1884 the first gas wells were drilled near Findlay, Ohio, opening the field in that state.

The first successful gas well was drilled in Indiana near Eaton, Delaware county, in 1886, and early the following year a well was drilled on the farm of Samuel Cassell, at Alexandria. This was the first well in Madison county. The second w r as sunk at Anderson, w T here a large flow of gas was found on March 31, 1887. The company that ordered the drilling of this well was organized at the courthouse on the evening of January 25, 1887, with a capital stock of $20,000, and, inasmuch as its labor resulted in transforming Anderson jrom a sleepy little city of about 6,000 population into the seventh city of Jhe state, it is deemed advisable to give the names of the men who had the courage to sub- scribe for stock in an undertaking that might end in failure. They were: L. J. Burr, G. D. Searle, C. K. and Thomas McCullough, Harry Brelsford, H. J. Bronnenberg, F. W. Makepeace, H. J. Daniels, R. P. Grimes, George C. Forrey, AY. A. Kittinger, E. P. Schlater, J. F. Wild, A. B. Buck, E. T. Brickley, James Wellington, B. L. Bing, W. L. Maynard, A. J. Brunt, Thomas J. McMahan, Peter Fromlet, Harrison Canaday, Joseph Schwabacher, Patrick Skehan, George Matthews, J. F. Brandon, Samuel Kiser, W. T. Durbin, L. D. Adams, Thomas M. Norton, J. L. Kilgore, I. E. May, J. A. Munchoff, N. C. McCullough, John H. Terhune, William Crim, Milton S. Robinson, and the firms of Nichol & Makepeace and Sansberry & Sansberry.

To promote the industrial interests of Anderson the board of trade was organized, but no effectual work was done toward the securing of new factories until late in the fall, when the Fowler Nut and Bolt Works, of Buffalo, New York, removed to Anderson. This concern was followed by others, among which were the American Wire Nail Company, the Union Strawboard Company, the Anderson Flint Bottle Company and the Knife and Bar Works. By 1890 a number of new manufacturing concerns had located in the city, adding materially to the population and wealth of Anderson.

One of the largest of these concerns is the American Steel and Wire Company, which was originally organized at Covington, Kentucky, for the manufacture of wire nails. In 1888, attracted by natural gas, the plant was removed to Anderson and the capital stock increased from $60,000 to $300,000. This company makes all kinds of wire nails and tacks, wire rods, plain and barbed fence wire, steel springs of all kinds, wire rope, concrete reinforcement, wire hoops, etc. The main offices of the company are in Chicago. The Anderson plant employs 600 peo¬ ple and is one of the principal works of the company.

The Anderson Knife and Bar Company was first located at Dayton, Ohio, where it was established by Manning & Farmer. In September, 1888, it removed to Anderson. At that time the capital stock was fixed at $25,000 and eighteen people were employed. The present number of employees is about thirty. This company manufactures all kinds of machine knives for wood-working and paper-cutting machinery, shear blades, fly bars, etc. The works are located in Hazelwood addition.

Mention has been made of the Fowler Nut and Bolt Works, which was the first factory to locate in Anderson after the discovery of gas. After the removal it took the name of the Anderson Bolt Company, under which name it was operated until 1895, when it changed owners and became the Schofield Bolt Works. When the supply of gas failed this factory was discontinued. A similar concern was the Anderson Iron and Bolt Company, organized by local capitalists, which was sub¬ sequently sold to a company in Louisville, Kentucky, and the works were removed to that city.

The National Tile Company, originally the Columbia Encaustic Tile Company, was organized by some Indianapolis men, who located a factory in the southeastern part of Anderson early in the days of the gas boom and began the manufacture of unglazed floor tiles, enameled tiles for hearths, mantels and wainscoting, and embossed tiles. George E. Lilly is the present president of the company. This concern ships several car loads of tile each week and maintains sales offices in New York, Chicago, St. Louis and San Francisco. It is one of the leading manufacturing industries in Madison county, employing about 200 people.

In 1888 the Pennsylvania Glass Company was removed from Meadville, Pennsylvania, to Anderson and located near the south end of Meridian street. At the present time it is under the management of John Shies, president and general manager, John L. Forkner, secre¬ tary and treasurer, and is engaged in the manufacture of fruit jars, bottles and druggists ' prescription ware. It employs 200 people.

Another Anderson factory of note is the Sefton Manufacturing Company, which makes all kinds of paper cartons, corrugated ship¬ ping cases, paper pails, mailing envelopes, etc. The company has plants at Anderson, Chicago and Brooklyn, the one at Anderson em¬ ploying 500 or more people the year round.

In North Anderson is located the Wright Shovel Company, a part of the Ames Tool Company, manufacturers of shovel plate, manufac¬ turing tools of various kinds, etc. This company also has a plant at El wood. The works at Anderson employ about 175 men.

The Buckeye Manufacturing Company was formed at Union City, Ohio, where it was engaged in business for several years before remov¬ ing to Anderson. When first started in the spring of 1884 the business was conducted under the firm name of Lambert Brothers & Company, with a small capital and was engaged in making neck yokes and buggy materials, with a force of six men and perhaps as many boys. For a while the firm was known as J. H. Osborne & Company, and under this name the manufacture of certain hardware specialties was added. Mr. Osborne withdrew in 1890 and the old name of Buckeye Manu¬ facturing Company was resumed. In 1891 the plant was destroyed by fire, but was soon rebuilt upon a larger scale. The . Lambert gasoline engine was patented in 1894 and the company was then reorganized and incorporated with a capital stock of $100,000; John W. Lambert, president; George Lambert, vice-president; C. A. Lambert, secretary and treasurer. In recent years the company has added the manu¬ facture of automobiles, which has come to be the chief product of the factory. The company employs about 200 persons, most of whom are skilled workmen.

The first glass factory to locate in Anderson was the Anderson Flint Bottle Company, which was removed from Butler, Pennsylvania, in 1888. At the time of the removal the company was capitalized at $60,000 and employed about 100 people, with Alexander P. McKee as secretary, treasurer and general manager. With the failure of the gas supply this company liquidated and went out of business.

In 1889 the Union Straw Board Company established a factory in Anderson. Subsequently the name was changed to the American Straw Board Company. The capital stock of this concern was $500,000 and in its day it was one of the largest plants of its kind in the country. The buildings, near the north end of Delaware street, are now used by a roofing company.

The Arcade File Works, located in the southeastern part of the city, is one of the industries that has continued to prosper after nat¬ ural gas was exhausted. This company makes all kinds of files, the Anderson plant being one of a chain of factories owned by the Nichol¬ son File Company, the largest producers of files in the world. About 600 people are employed, most of them skilled workmen, and the pay roll of the file works is probably the largest of any manufacturing con¬ cern in the city. It was established in 1891.

In addition to the factories already mentioned that ceased to do business with the failure of natural gas, the following may be added to the list: Anderson Forging Company, Anderson Paint Company, Anderson Paper Company, Anderson Pottery Company, Cansfield Sta¬ tionery Company, Cathedral Glass Company, Electric Power Company, Fisher Snath Company, Gould Steel Company, Haugh-Kurtz Steel Com¬ pany, Indiana Box Company (removed to Elwood), National Tin Plate Company, Union Glass Company, Victor Window Glass Company, Wooley Foundry, and the Speed Changing Pulley Works.

A mere superficial glance at this list might convey the impression that, with the loss of all these factories, Anderson is a dead town. But such is not the case, for scarcely had one factory suspended than an¬ other came in and took its place. The report of the State Bureau of Inspection for the year 1912 gives the following list of Anderson manu¬ factories, with the general character of their business and the number of employees in each:

American Rotary Valve Company, compressors, motors, etc., 200; American Steel and Wire Company, all kinds of wire products, 600; Ames Shovel and Tool Company, shovel plate and manufacturing tools,

173; Anderson Brick Company, 91; Anderson Canning Company, corn, peas and tomatoes, 300; Anderson Carriage Manufacturing Company, 35; Anderson Foundry and Machine Company, clay working and tin plate machinery, 60; Anderson Gas Company, 25; Anderson Knife and Bar Company, machine knives and heavy cutlery, 30; Anderson Mat¬ tress Company, 8; Anderson Motor Company, 15; Anderson Plating Company, electro plating, 4; Anderson Rubber Works, rubber tires and specialties, 25; Anderson Tool Company, automatic computing scales, etc., 230; Arcade File Works, 550; Barber Manufacturing Company, bed springs, cushion springs, etc., 30; W. B. Brown & Company, gas and electric fixtures and supplies, 90; Buckeye Manufacturing Com¬ pany, automobiles, gasoline engines, etc., 200; Bulletin Printing and Manufacturing Company, 23; Computing Cheese Cutter Company, 19; J. H. Cloud Company, automobile tops, 15; Crystal Ice Company, 15; Daniels, Lyst & Douglas, paving and concrete construction, 90; De Tamble Motors Company, automobiles, 160; Dwiggins Wire and Fence Company, 40; Fletcher Enamel Company, granite enameled kitchen ware, 80; Frazer Stove Company, steel ranges, 75; Gedge Brothers Iron Roofing Company, iron roofing, corrugated siding, galvanized iron water tanks, etc., 15; Herald Publishing Company, 46; Hill Machine Company, pumping machinery, 42; Hill Standard Manufacturing Company, wire wheels and children's vehicles, 75; Indiana Brick Company, 90; Indiana Ice and Dairy Company, ice and dairy products, 26; Indiana Silo Company, silos, 52; Indiana Union Traction Company, 213; Lavelle Foundry Company, castings of all kinds, 16; National Tile Company, 270; Norton Brewing Company, brewers and bottlers, 40; Nyberg Auto¬ mobile Works, 70; Oswalt Printing and Paper Box Manufacturing Com¬ pany, 18; Pennsylvania Glass Company, 200; Philadelphia Quartz Com¬ pany, silicate of soda and heavy chemicals, 25; Pierse Furniture Com¬ pany, dining and library tables, 8; Remy Electric Company, magnetos, etc., 288; Reynolds Gas Regulator Company, 40 ; Sefton Manufacturing Company, 500; Shimer & Company, wire fencing and recutting files, 25; Spring Steel Fence and Wire Company, wire fencing and gates, 40; Star Foundry and Machine Works, machinery for canning fac¬ tories, 51; Wright Rich Cut Glass Company, 40.

From this list it may be seen that over 5,000 persons are employed in the manufacturing establishments of Anderson, and it is quite prob¬ able that two-thirds of the city's population are supported by them. Lack of space forbids a detailed account of each one of these numerous factories, but there are a few that are deserving of more than passing mention. The Remy Electric Company was incorporated in October, 1901, and began business on First street. In 1904 the building now 7 occupied, in the southwestern part of the city, was erected and a larger force of men employed. The magneto made by this company is used on many of the standard automobiles. The company also manufactures ignition for all kinds of motors, automatic starting motors and electric locomotive headlights.

The Nyberg Automobile Works, located on West First street, were originally started as the Rider-Lewis Automobile Company, but were purchased and enlarged by Henry Nyberg. The cars turned out at this factory have w r on a reputation all over the country - whether run¬ abouts, touring cars or heavy trucks - and the factory is regarded as one of Anderson's most substantial concerns. While the report of the State Bureau of Inspection gives the number of employees as 70, that number has been increased to about 300 since the report w 7 as published.

Fifteen thousand small wire wdieels per day is the capacity of the nill-Standard Company, besides the large number of children's vehicles that is constantly being turned out. Who has not seen the little wagon known as "The Irish Mail?" It is an Anderson product that is sold all over the country, made by the Hill-Standard Company.

On Ohio avenue, in the southeastern part of the city is located the Wright Rich Cut Glass Company, of which Richard Wright is presi¬ dent; Hunter Richey, secretary; and Thomas W. Wright, treasurer. This is one of two cut glass factories reported in 1912 to the bureau of inspection, the other being located at Walkerton, St. Joseph county. The glass made by this company is sold all over the United States and compares favorably with the imported article.

The Indiana Silo Company, William Swain president, has two plants and several thousand silos in use. It is one of the Anderson industries that is advertising the city over a wide expanse of territory.

There are also a few factories in Anderson that did not make reports to the state inspection department in 1912. Among these may be men¬ tioned the Anderson Art Glass Company, the Gospel Trumpet Company, the Koons Oil Furnace Company, the United States Electric Company, the Vulcanite Roofing Company and the Webb-Baxter Company. The Anderson Art Glass Company began business about 1888. It makes a specialty of fine colored and bevel plate designs for memorial windows in churches, etc. From twelve to fifteen men are constantly employed and the products of this little factory are shipped to all parts of the country. The Koons Oil Furnace Company is located at 639 Meridian street. It makes oil furnaces for annealing, etc. The United States Electric Company, located on West Tenth street, is owned and operated by F. P. and Martin Dunn and George Louiso. It makes novelties in the way of electric cigar lighters, clippers, etc. The Vulcanite Roofing Company is located in the old strawboard plant at the corner of Hazlett and Delaware streets and employs about seventy-five men in the man¬ ufacture of roofing materials. This company also has plants at Frank¬ lin, Ohio, Kansas City, Missouri, and San Francisco. In the old Neely Saw Works building on South Brown street is the establishment of the Webb-Baxter Company, which manufactures vacuum cleaning devices that are sold over a large part of the country.

The Gtispel Trumpet publishing plant is one of the largest printing plants in the United States devoted exclusively to the publication of religious literature. The annual output is constantly and rapidly in¬ creasing. During recent years the company has sent out annually about twenty car-loads of books, tracts, weekly periodicals, and Sunday-school quarterlies. These are sent to all parts of North America, and to Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, South America, and the islands of the sea. The company maintains a German department, which edits Ger¬ man periodicals and publishes a large number of German books and tracts; also a department for the blind, which publishes books, tracts, and periodicals in Braille and New York point prints, and conducts a free library for the blind. Some of the literature of this faith is also pub¬ lished in Dano-Norwegian, Swedish, Russian, Lettish, Spanish, Japanese, Chinese, Hindustani, and other languages. The company is not a com¬ munistic colony or institution, but a corporation acting as a publishingcenter of the Church of God, with the sole object of publishing the relig¬ ious truths taught in the Bible. Its publications are not issued for profit. The company is organized under the charitable laws of the State of Indiana. The corporation is self-perpetuating. At the annual meeting in June the trustees elect the directors and the officers for the following year.

The business is conducted by up-to-date systematic methods. A wellorganized working-force of about 225 persons is employed. This force is divided into about thirty departments with their respective heads. Over these are the division managers, general superintendent, executive committee, and finally the directors and trustees of the company.

A most interesting feature of this publishing-plant is that the em¬ ployees, or " workers/ * as they call themselves, are not paid regular salaries. They donate their services, receiving only their board, cloth¬ ing, and actual expenses. This applies to all, from the common laborers to the officers of the company. This plan, it is reported, has worked well for over thirty years. The workers and the church prefer that devotion to the cause, rather than desire for remuneration, be the motive for engaging in this publishing-work. A considerable number remain for eight, ten, or fifteen years, but most of them for a shorter time. In procuring the necessary funds as well as the labor, not even the mildest form of coercion is employed. Only free-will offerings are received. All profits and donations above the amount needed to oper¬ ate the plant are used in sending out literature free, or in enlarging the plant and in extending the circulation of the publication. The com¬ pany maintains a Free Literature Fund to which donations, large and small, are constantly being made by interested persons. Many thou¬ sands of dollars * worth of free literature is sent out each year to mis¬ sionaries and ministers, and to inquirers in all parts of the world.

The Gospel Trumpet Home is a large, three-story cement-block struct¬ ure situated near the publishing-house. It contains, besides kitchen, dining-room, laundry, etc., nearly one hundred living-rooms comfort¬ ably, though economically, furnished. Most of the married employees live in private cottages. The workers come from many different parts of the country, almost every state in the Union being represented. Aside from the object of donating their time and talents to the publication of the literature, many come to receive training and qualification for min¬ isterial work. A number of classes for the study of different branches of knowledge are organized from time to time. Bible study and devo¬ tional exercises are given prominence. In the chapel of the Trumpet Home devotional services are held every day, and other public meetings at appointed times. A high standard of Christian conduct and exper¬ ience is demanded of those who are regarded as permanent workers.

The Gospel Trumpet, the main periodical of the Gospel Trumpet Company, started on its career January 1, 1881, at Rome City, Indiana. Later the publishing-office was moved to Indianapolis, Indiana, and after several other moves, was located for thirteen years in Grand Junction, Mich. Here D. S. Warner, the former editor, died, and the present editor, E. E. Byrum, took charge. In 1898 another move was made to Moundsville, W. Va., and in 1906 the company located per¬ manently in Anderson, Ind.

While the Gospel Trumpet office is not the headquarters of the, church, a great deal of correspondence and other business for the Church of God is handled here. The Mission Board, both home and foreign, has its office in the publishing-house. The general camp-meeting, at¬ tended by several hundred ministers and workers and by several thou¬ sand laymen, is held here each year in June. This meeting is not an official or legislative body; but as it is the largest gathering of the church, ministers, and foreign missionaries, and others make it a point to attend as frequently as possible. Many visitors from all parts of the United States and from foreign lands visit The Trumpet office with the object of obtaining spiritual help and instruction. Many also come for physical healing. Several hundred requests for prayer are received each week - cablegrams, telegrams, telephone messages, and letters.

The prominent doctrines taught by the Gospel Trumpet literature are: Conversion, or the new birth; sanctification, or the baptism of the Holy Spirit; baptism by immersion; the Lord's Supper; feet-washing; divine healing, and the unity of all believers. Special emphasis is laid on the doctrine of church unity. The church of God here represented is not an ecclesiastical organization as are other churches; it is not incorporated, has no church discipline but the Bible, has no roll of members, nor does it license its ministers. After feeling the divine call and meeting certain Biblical requirements, they are ordained by the laying on of hands of the elders. All the ministers are recognized as equal in authority; they have no bishops or presiding minister. Min¬ isters preach where they feel led to go; they are not appointed to any particular circuit or district. The membership of the Church of God includes, according to their doctrine, all who have an experimental knowledge of conversion, or the new birth (St. John 3:3), and are living true Christian lives. The doctrine of divine healing, which is given much prominence, is they claim, quite different from Christian Science. The doctrine is founded on the example of Jesus Christ and on several texts of Scripture, the chief one among which, probably, is St. James 5: 14, 15: "Is any sick among you? let him call for the elders of the church; and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord: and the prayer of faith shall save the sick, and the Lord shall raise him up; and if he have committed sins, they shall be for¬ given him." Numerous instances of notable healings are published in The Gospel Trumpet literature.

As already stated, the first gas well in Madison county was on the farm of Samuel Cassell, near the eastern terminus of Washington street, Alexandria. It was sunk by the Alexandria Mining and Exploring Company and "came in" on March 27, 1887, only four days before gas was struck at Anderson. The people of Alexandria were not slow to take advantage of the discovery as a means of advertising their town, though the first well was comparatively weak - about 2,000,000 cubic feet per day - owing to the fact that the drillers were afraid to go too deep into the Trenton rock, for fear of striking salt water. A second well drilled by the same company went deeper into the gas-bearing rock and showed a flow of 6,000,000 cubic feet per day. Soon after that a Mr. Davis, of Indianapolis, located a large brick plant north of the town; Harper & Cruzen brought a window glass factory to Alexandria, the first to locate in Madison county; next came the Lippincott Glass Chimney Works, which at one time employed over 600 men, and which is still one of the large manufacturing concerns of Madison county; following the Lippincott Company came the Indiana Brick Company; the DePauw Plate Glass Company and the DePauw Window Glass Com¬ pany were the next concerns to locate in Alexandria; then came the Kelly Ax Manufacturing Company and the Union Steel Company. With the introduction of these manufacturing concerns and their army of employees, Alexandria jumped from a little village of 800 to a city of some 7,000 population within two years. In common with ether places in the gas belt, the town suffered a period of comparative stagnation after the failure of the gas supply, but there are still a number of prosperous factories in or about the city, as may be seen from the following list taken from the report of the State Bureau of Inspection for 1912, show¬ ing the number of employees:

Alexandria Creamery Company, butter and dairy products; Alexan¬ dria Crushed Stone Company, crushed stone for paving, 26; Alexandria Paper Company, print and wrapping papers, 100; American Insulating Company, rock products, mineral wool, etc., 25; Art Printing Company, 5; Banner Rock Products Company, cold storage insulation, 26; Browning Milling Company, 4; Empire Mirror and Beveling Company, mirrors and beveled plate glass, 20; Hoosier Rock Wool Company, mineral w r ool, etc.; Imbler Fence Manufacturing Company, woven wire fencipg, 10; Indiana Ice and Dairy Company, 26; Lippincott Glass Company, lamp chimneys, etc., 500; Penn-American Plate Glass Company, 470; Wells & Davis Boiler Shop, 5.

Although the loss of the DePauw Glass Works, the Kelly Ax Works and the Union Steel Company threw about 3,000 people out of employ¬ ment, many of whom left the city, the factories of Alexandria still em¬ ploy regularly from 1,200 to 1,500 persons at good wages. The products of the glass factories and the large refrigerators built by the American Insulating Company and the Banner Products Company are shipped to all parts of the country. The materials used by these factories in the preparation of mineral wool, packing, insulating, etc., come from the stone in the Pipe creek quarries. This line is comparatively new, but the business is growing in a satisfactory manner to all concerned.

Among the factories that closed when the gas gave out, the Kelly Ax Company was one of the best known. W. C. Kelly, the patentee of the ax manufactured, was president of the company, which employed at one time about 400 men, the axes being shipped in large quantities to the lumbering districts all over the civilized world. Another factory that is closed at present is the Steel Wheel Works. It is not abandoned entirely but merely suspended, awaiting developments. It is the hope of Alexandrians that some day soon it will open its doors and resume business.

Elwood was not far behind Alexandria and Anderson in boring for gas, and was as fortunate in striking it in large quantities. Within a short time a number of manufacturing plants were located in the city. Among them were the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Works, the Macbeth- Evans Glass Company, the McCloy Glass Works, the Elwood Furniture Company, the Elwood^ Boiler and Engine Works, Crystal Ice Manufac¬ turing Company, Superior Radiator Company, Elwood Window Glass Company, Nivisen & Weiskolp Bottle Works, Phil Ilamm Boiler Works, Akron Steam Forge Works, Heffner Planing Mill Company, American Tin Plate Works, Elwood Box Factory, Elwood Iron Works and the Excelsior Works.

On the night of June 25, 1891, a destructive fire broke out in the Plate Glass Works. The Elwood fire department at that time was rather limited and word was sent to Anderson, Logansport and Kokomo ask- mg for help. Logansport sent a fire engine, Kokomo two hose carts, and Anderson sent the hose wagon and hook and ladder truck by special train. Before any of the outside help arrived the fire was under control, but the plant was damaged about $60,000. The burned portions were quickly rebuilt in a more substantial manner.

The Excelsior Works burned on December 20, 1888, the fire originat¬ ing by the ignition of gas while making repairs., Adam Miller and Michael Glaspy, who were at work on the repairs in the engine room, were severely burned. The loss was about $4,000.

A list of Elwood factories reporting to the State Bureau of Inspec¬ tion in 1912, with the number of employees in each, is as follows: Ameri¬ can Sheet and Tin Plate Company, 1,800; Ames Shovel and Tool Com¬ pany, 141; Dawson Machine Works, foundry and machine work, 5; L. J. Diamond, plate, sheet and structural iron work, 15; J. P. Downs, abattoir, 7; Elwood Call-Leader, printing, 10; A. D. Moffett, printing, 6; Elwood Iron Works, tin plate machinery, 30; Elwood Lawn Mower Manufacturing Company, 50; Frazier Packing Company, catsup, chili sauce, canned vegetables, etc., 100; Home Storage and Manufacturing

Company, ice and soft drinks, etc., 20; Indiana Box Company, wooden packing cases, 61 (This plant was partially destroyed by fire in August, 1913, but was immediately rebuilt) ; Irwin & Turner Canning Company; Macbeth-Evans Glass Company, pearl top chimneys, globes, flues and shades, 400; Ohio Oil Company, pumping station, 40; Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company (pot works), glass pots, 25; G. I. Sellers & Sons Com¬ pany, kitchen cabinets, 68; J. L. Small, gloves, 7; Tipton-Berry Cigar Company, 38; Hoosier Stogie Manufacturing Company, 23.

A comparison of this list with the one given above, of the factories that located in Elwood soon after the discovery of gas, will show that some of the early factories have been discontinued and that new ones have been established. Of the 11,028 inhabitants of Elwood, approxi¬ mately 3,000 are employed in her factories - a larger proportion than any other city or town in the county.

Elwood also has the largest single plant of any kind in the county - The American Sheet and Tin Plate Company. This factory was opened on September 13, 1892, when William McKinley, chairman of the ways and means committee of Congress that reported the McKinley tariff bill and afterward president of the United States, visited Elwood and made a speech, in which he maintained that the increase in duty imposed by the new tariff made the establishment of tin plate mills in this country possible. As at first established the plant consisted of four hot mills and a tinning department of six stacks, employing in all about 300 men, nearly all of whom had been brought from England and Wales. The original directors of the company were D. G. Reid, W. M. Leeds, J. M. Overshiner, P. G. Darlington, A. L. Conger, John F. Hazen and W. P. Hutton. For some time the plant worked under disadvantages, but in 1898 the American Tin Plate Company was formed, and with the absorp¬ tion of the Elwood works by this company a new era was begun. Six more hot mills were brought to Elwood from Montpelier, making the plant one of the largest factories in Indiana.

On September 13, 1912, the works celebrated their twentieth anni¬ versary. By that time the tin plate factory had grown to twenty-eight hot mills, the entire works covering thirty-four acres of ground and employing 1,800 men, many of whom own homes in the city.

Frankton, Lapel, Pendleton and Summitville also benefited by the discovery of natural gas, wells having been sunk in those towns soon after Alexandria, Anderson and Elwood were enjoying the benefits of nature's bounty in the way of cheap fuel.

At Frankton the Clyde Window Glass Company erected two fac¬ tories. The Frankton Window Glass Company quickly followed. Then came the Wetherald Rolling Mill, the Hoosier Fence Company, the Frankton Brick Works, the Dwiggins Fence Company, the Bradrick and Lineburg Fence Works, the Quick City Novelty Works and a few other concerns. Most of these factories have been discontinued, the only one reporting to the state bureau of inspection in 1912 being the Hoosier Fence Company, which employed 20 men, and the Frankton Canning Company, also employing 20 persons.

Two large flour mills, a bottle factory, a tile mill, a pump and gas regulator works, and some minor concerns were located at Lapel. The bottle factory is still running and in 1912 employed 120 people, and there is also a large canning factory at Lapel.

The Pendleton Window Glass Company was organized soon after gas was struck there, with B. F. Aiman at its head. This factory was situated on the north side of Fall creek and at one time employed a large number of men. On the south side of town was the Indiana Window Glass and Bottle Factory, and the Guptill Glass Works, which made a specialty of glass tubing for drains, conduits, etc., was located in the northern part of town, near the Big Four Railroad. There were also a wire fence factory, tile mill and brick factory. The buildings once occupied by the Pendleton Window Glass Company are now used as a canning factory. For a while the Motsinger Device Company, man¬ ufacturers of automobile accessories, was located in Pendleton. Among the present business concerns of the town is the Hardy Manufacturing Company, which makes sheet metal ware, conduits for silos, etc.

Soon after gas was struck at Alexandria and Anderson a successful well was sunk at Summitville. Within a short time Central Glass Com¬ pany, the Crystal Window Glass Company, the Rothschild Glass Com¬ pany, the Summitville Brick Factory and the Summitville Tile Works were all in active operation. Other factories that located here about that time were the Madison Brick Company and a stave and hoop factory. The American Flint Bottle Company also established a plant here, but it was destroyed by fire and never rebuilt. The Central Glass Company is still running as the Model Glass Works and is engaged in the manufacture of bottles, employing about 250 men and boys. The Summitville Tile Works were started by S. C. Cowgill and at one time manufactured more drain tile than any similar concern in the United States. It is now a part of the National Drain Tile Company, which owns several tile mills in the state. About sixty men are constantly em¬ ployed at th^s factory. There is also another tile works here, now called the Summitville Tile Works, operated by Berry & Morris. The old flour mill, from which Mill street took its name, was sold some years ago by Joseph Daniels to J. M. Gordon and now forms part of the grain elevator on Main street. About the time this sale was made a model flour mill was erected by S. B. Gilman & Company and is still running. To Lemuel Webb, however, belongs the credit of having erected the first modern flour mill in Summitville. After his death the mill was suc¬ cessfully operated for a number of years by his daughter, but shortly after her marriage she disposed of the property.

Ingalls, in Green township, was laid out during the gas boom and several factories were projected at that place. Among them were the Zinc Works, which at one time employed a large number of people, and a glass factory for the manufacture of fruit jars was erected by Henry Wagner and others in 1895. It employed a number of opera¬ tives and had a successful career for a while, but, like most of the factories in the smaller tow r ns, all those at Ingalls were closed when the gas failed.

As an evidence that the manufacturers of Madison county, especially those of Anderson, are wide awake to their interests and ready to promote their material progress, a "Made in Anderson'' exhibit was held the first week in June, 1913. Eighth street from Meridian to Morton was lined with booths, under a mammoth tent, in which the various manufacturing establishments of the city arranged their ex¬ hibits. The exhibit opened on Saturday, May 31, 1913, by a great auto¬ mobile parade, at the head of which rode Governor Samuel M. Ralston and the managers of the exhibit in a nickel-plated Lambert automobile built especially for the occasion. Following the line of automobiles were a number of manufacturers' floats. In this part of the parade were represented the American Steel and Wire Company, the American Rotary Valve Company, the Anderson Mattress Company, the Public Schools of the city, the Pennsylvania Glass Company, the Indiana Brick Company, the Dwiggins Fence Company, the National Tile Company, the Hill-Tripp Company, the Nyberg Automobile Company and a number of others, all presenting some feature of their particular indus¬ tries in an attractive manner. After the parade the governor formally opened the exhibit in an appropriate address. Hundreds of people from other cities were in attendance. Among the distinguished visitors during the succeeding week was James Whitcomb Riley, the "Hoosier

Poet," who was a special guest of honor on Tuesday, June 3d, which date was set apart by the managers as "Riley Day." It was generally remarked by those who attended the exhibit that,it was a credit to a city the size of Anderson, and the immediate result was seen in increased orders by the factories participating.

Notwithstanding the great progress made in manufacturing during the last quarter of a century, agriculture is still the chief source of wealth and the tiller of the soil is still king. According to statistics for the year 1910, Madison county stood far above the average of the ninetytwo counties of the state in the production of the staple crops. It was the thirtieth county in the state in the production of wheat, ninth in corn, twenty-fourth in oats, twenty-second in rye, twelfth in potatoes, sixteenth in tomatoes, twenty-eighth in timothy hay, sixteenth in clover hay, fifth in clover seed, eighteenth in the value of horses on hand, fifth in milk sold, nineteenth in butter, the value of dairy products being over $450,000, tenth in the value of cattle sold, tenth in the value of hogs sold, and fifteenth in the production of eggs, over 1,000,000 dozen being sold, bringing $178,500. During the year over $500,000 of the mortgage indebtedness on farms in the county was paid. These statistics indicate that the farmers of Madison county are, as a rule, prosperous, and the visitor to the county sees evidence of this pros¬ perity on every hand. Good dwelling houses and barns, bountiful crops and an abundance of live stock bear out the statement that the farmer is still the industrial king in the county.

In connection with the agricultural and stock breeding industry, it is worthy of note that the large business of importing and breeding English and Belgian horses by James Donnelly & Sons, of Chesterfield, occupies a high place among the business enterprises of the county. Mr. Donnelly and his two sons cross the ocean twice each year, bringing back with them herds of fine horses for sale, or for breeding purposes. They claim to have the largest horse breeding farm in the State of Indiana, dealing exclusively in imported stock.

At one time Madison county promised to become a paying oil field. Many wells were sunk in various parts of the county, some of which were producers in paying quantities, especially those in Monroe town- ship. It has already been stated that the first gas well in the county was sunk in this township, and it is equally true that the first oil well in the county was drilled on the form of Nimrod Carver, in Monroe township. Some experts in the oil industry predict that a profitable petroleum field will yet be developed in Madison county.