Putnam County, Indiana - Biographical sketches, 1910 (part 8 of 16)

The office of county superintendent of Putnam county was organized by act of Legislature in 1S73, the first superintendent being John R. Gordon, who served two years. L. A. Stockwell was elected in 1875 and held the place six years. L. E. Smedley was next elected, serving for a period of eight years. F. M. Lyons succeeded him and also served for a period of eight years. S. A. Harris came next with a service of six years.

Professor Thomas was married on December 8, 1903, to Dessie O'Hair, daughter of J. E. O'Hair, an excellent and well established family of this county. Mrs. Thomas was born April 4, 1875, '" Monroe tOwnship, and educated at DePauw University and. being a woman of refined tastes and high ideals, has been of great assistance to her husband in his life work. This union is without issue.

The Professor is a member of the Christian church, while Mrs. Thomas holds membership with the Methodist Episcopal congregation Politically the former is a Democrat, but is in no sense a politician.

Professor Thomas' record presents a series of successes and advancements such as few attain. He pursues his chosen calHng with all the interest of an enthusiast, is thoroughly in harmony with the spirit of the work and has a proper conception of the dignity of the profession to which his life energies are so unselfishly devoted. A finished scholar, a polished gentlemen and possessing the traits of character necessary to insure success, the services thus far rendered and the laurels gained bespeak for him a wider and more distinguished career of usefulness in years to come, should he see fit to continue the noble calling which he has heretofore followed with such signal and happv results. Unlike so many of his calling who become narrow and pedantic, the Professor is essentially a man of the times, broad and Hberal in his views, and he has the courage of his convictions on all the leading public questions and issues upon which men and parties divide. He also keeps in touch with the trend of modern thought along its various lines and, being a man of scholarly and refined tastes, the acquaintance of Professor Thomas with the literature of the world is both general and profound, while his familiarity with the more practical affairs of the day makes him feel at ease with all classes and conditions of people whom he meets.

Capt. William H. Allee

Back in the earlv pioneer days of Putnam county is traced the history of the Allee familv. manv members of which have made their influence felt for the general welfare of the locality during each succeeding generation, one of the best known being Capt. William H. Allee. who. after an unusually successful, interesting and useful career, is sleeping the sleep that knows no breaking, but his good deeds are still alive and his memory is revered and cherished bv hosts of friends, for he was indeed a grand character, whom to know was both to admire and to love.

'Mv. Allee was born in Jefferson township. Putnam county. Indiana, in 1S33, when the country was new. and he lived to take part in its great development. He was the son of John and Lucretia fPnu'tt) Allee. a complete ancestry of whom is to be found in the sketch of F. M. Allee on another page of this work.

Mr. Allee grew up on the home farm. and. owing to the new condition of the countn- when he was a boy, it fell to his lot to do a great deal of clearino- and hard work, and his educational advantages were limited, but he made the most of exeiy opportunity and de\eloped into a strong, successful man, remaining at home until his marriage in 1856. when he fonned a matrimonial alliance with Mary McCarty, daughter of William and Ann ( Langham) McCarty. She was born in 1834 in Warren township. Putnam count}', about three miles west of Mt. ^leridian. on the National road. Her parents were both natives of Tennessee, having come to Indiana from Claiborne county, near Nashville. \\'hen they arrived in Putnam county they found a wilderness through which roamed wild beasts and Indians; they settled in the unbroken forest, cleared a small place, pitched a camp in which they li\ed until a log cabin could be erected. Then John McCarty set to work clearing the land and the arduous toil and hardship incident to pioneer life were such as to prematurel}- injure his health. He secured two hundred anti si.xty acres and added to this until he owned three huntlred and sixty acres before his death. Eleven children constituted his family, namely; Elijah. Jane. Julia, Sarah. Abel. Emily. Maiy, Ellen. Martha, Angeline and Lewis, the last named dying when two years old. the others all living to maturity. Mrs. McCarty died about 1849. at the age of sixty-three years. Mr. McCarty had served as justice of the peace in Warren township. Both parents belonged to the Primitive Baptist church, both taking a great interest in its affairs. They assisted in the organization of Deer Creek church, the first church in that part of the county, the building being erected in their fami.

After their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Allee went to live on a farm given him by his father, which place was only a short distance northwest of Providence church. Jefferson township. Fi\e years later he bought more land from his father and moved to it. a mile and a half further northwest. I'ive years later he purchased the old McCarty homestead in \\"arren township and moved thereto, remaining on the place five or six years. About 1873 he bought a farm at the crossing of the section lines of sections 5. 6. 7 and 8 and moved thereto soon afterwards, the place having remained in possession of the family ever since. Mr. Allee was a very successful man. laid his plans well and executed them in a manner that stamped him as the possessor of rare business foresight and soundness of judgment. He became the owner iif two thi5usand acres, divided into twelve farms. He kept his land well improved and looked after every detail of the work, his painstaking labor always l)eing aniplv rew arded.

In politics Mr. Allee was an active Republican, and while he was not an office seeker he took more or less interest in the affairs of his party. He was one of those bra\-e men of the Middle West who e\-er stood ready to de- fend the flag in time of national peril, and when only seventeen years of age, during the Mexican war, he ran away from home and started to enlist for service, but was too young and his father overtook him at Greencastle and brought him back home. During the Civil war he felt it his duty to stay at home and look after his large family, but he was patriotic and was an able assistant in the Union cause as a civilian at home, giving money with which to hire help on the farms so that young men could be sent to the front and helped organize companies. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity and also the Methodist church. [Mrs. Allee has also long been a member of this church and still delights in its services, attending when she can.

Mr. Allee's chief occupation was farming, but he also traded in land, bought and sold livestock and was regarded as a man of safe business methods. He was well known all over Putnam county and highly esteemed by all who knew him, for he was a man whom everybody trusted, being scrupulously honest and fair in his dealings. The death of this excellent citizen occurred on July 24, 1905, having attained an ad\anced age which was replete with both success and honor.

Mr. Allee's companions like to remember the efforts he put forth during the war of the Rebellion, for then his patriotism ran high and he proved the mettle of which he was made. He was captain of the Home Guards, after which he was always known as Captain Allee. They remember him as a man of splendid qualities, of sterling character. He was a well read man, a deep thinker, a logical reasoner and of a kind and genial disposition, driving away dull care and letting in the sunshine of cheerfulness. He was fond of young men who were just starting in life, always welcoming their society and was every ready, without intrusion, to give the best of advice, which, when followed, insured success. He inherited and practiced the many virtues of the earlv days, knowing how best to adapt them to the great progress of later times. His sincere courtesy and geniality endeared him to all. He was one of the foremost, wealthiest and most modern of Putnam county agriculturists. His friendly nod and warm hand clasp was given to all, rich and poor alike, at all times and his charitable qualities to those in need will long be remembered. His faithful life companion, a woman of rare grace and beautiful Christian character, is enjoying the serenity of old age on the homestead southwest of Mt. ^leridian. and she is a favorite with a wide circle of friends.

To 3>Ir. and Mrs. William H. Allee eleven children were born, named as follows: Horace, born in 1857. died in infancy; Corellah. born in 1858. died October 26. 1863, when five years old: Albert Franklin, born in i860: Lucretia married Leonard S. Peck and lives south of Greencastle. and is the mother of one son, Ross; Ehjah Walter, born in 1864, married Alpha Wallace and has six children, ^larie, Jewel, Thelma and Velma (twins), Flossie and Albert Ross ; this family is living on a good farm in Mill Creek township ; Charlotte, born in 1866, married Americus Jones and lives on the Bloomington road south of Greencastle ; she has six children : Frank, Ruby, Florence, Thaddeus. Jessie and Anna; Grant, born in 1868. died in infancy; Thaddeus Stevens, born in 1869, married Jessie Surface; he was a lawyer in Chicago and died childless; Florence Nightengale, born in 1872, died November 19, 1897, when twentyfive years old; John Williams, born in 1873, married Cadora Denny and lives a mile south of Mt. Meridian, and has two children, Piercy and Luciie ; Samuel Reed, born in 1S77, died August 15, 1892, when fifteen years of age.

The Bainbridge Bank

The history of the thriving institutions, especially in connection with the business life of Putnam county, would lack an important chapter should the Bainbridge Bank not be given proper mention in a work of this kind, for it has proven to be of inestimable value to the residents of this village and ]\Ionroe township and is without question one of the soimdest, safest and most conservatively and ably managed banks in this section of the state, having as its prime moving factors men who rank high in the citizenship of the county and noted alike for their integrity and business ability.

The Bainbridge Bank was established December i, 1904. by F. P. and C. M. Moffett, who came to Bainbridge a short time before that date from Westfield. Illinois, where they had been successfully engaged in the banking business. For a year they conducted their business in Messrs. Black & Ratcliff's mercantile establishment in the. Harvey Black room on the corner of Main and Washington streets. During that time the bank erected the first cement block busine.ss rooms in the town, and since that time other progressive business men followed the pace set by them and have built modern buildings of a like t}pe. The bank has enjoyed an excellent patronage from the first and has had a steady growth. James M. Reeds, formerly cashier of the First National Bank of Coatesville. became identified with the Bainbridge Bank as vice-president on January i, 1909. The consensus of opinion in ^Monroe township is that while the bank has been profitable to its owners it has als(3 been profitable to Bainbridge and vicinity, giving it many advantages that a bank affords besides enhancing the vakie of property in and around town.

F. P. Moffett, president of the Bainbridge Bank, was born in Edgar county, Illinois, November i, 1852. After receiving a common school education, he launched in the mercantile business in Erocton, Illinois, in which he was ver\- successful, but observing an opening for a bank at Westfield, Illinois, in 1892, and. believing that his true "bent" lay along banking lines, he accordingly entered the banking business there, building up a verv^ satisfactory patronage until his removal to Bainbridge, Indiana.

Mr. Moffett married Mary L. Beck, of Boone county, Indiana, on December 28. 1872. and this union has resulted in the birth of four children, two of whom reside in this county, Charles M. Moffett and Mrs. Sarah Inez Reeds. ^Ir. Moffett is one of the progressive business men of Putnam countv. Politically he is a Democrat.

Charles M. Moffett. mentioned above, was born September 25. 1877. in Edgar county, Illinois. He graduated from the Oakland high school. He began life in banking circles, and after holding various positions in different banks, he came to Bainbridge with his father. F. P. Moffett. December i, 1904. and assisted in founding the bank here. On June 22. 1898, he married Cora L. Dunseth. a nati\e of Oakland, Illinois, which union has resulted in the birth of two children, Donovan C. and Bonnie K. Politicallv he is a Democrat and he is a member of the Modern W^oodmen of America. He is regarded as a young business man of much promise.

James M. Reeds is a native of Douglas county, Illinois, where he was born July i. 1871. He received his education from the schools of Oakland, his native state, graduating therefrom, and to better fit himself for life's struggle he passed through the high school and Austin College at Effingham. Illinois.

-August 28. 1897, Mr. Reeds was married to Sarah Inez Moffett. daughter of F. P. and Mary L. (Beck) Moffett. and to this union two children have been born. Reese and Ileene.

Mr. Reeds has made banking his principal life work and has well learned the "ins and outs" of the same, and as vice-president of the Bainliridge Bank he is discharging his duties in an eminently satisfactory manner. Politically he is a Democrat and for tliree years he was town clerk of Coatesville.

James Vaxlaxdixgha

It will always be a badge of honor in this country to ha\e known that a person's father, or even his uncle, enlisted in the ser\ice of his country when the great rebellion broke out, to assist in saving the Union and in eradicating sla^-e^\- from our soil. Just as to this day we b(jast that our grandfather or great-grandfather fought in the Revolution to gain independence, or took part in the war of 1812 to protect our rights on the ocean, so the descendants of gallant Union soldiers will boast through coming generations of the bravery and self-sacrifice of their fathers or their relatives. James Valandingham. living in retirement in Greencastle, after a long period of useful endeavor, was one of the "brave boys in blue" who went forth to die on the field or in the no less dangerous fe\'er camp, if need be. for the sahation of the countn,-. He was born in Greencastle township, Putnam county, May 29, 1847, f'"!^ *'^''' '-"'f J'^'"''}' ^"tl Hester (Vanlandingham) Vanlandingham. This family is of Scotch origin, the first emigrants locating in South Carolina, later came to Kentucky and located near Lexington. Hester's father, James \'anlandingham. came to Putnam county and settled just east of the David Houck farm near Greencastle, homesteading it from the government. Jerrv and Hester Vanlandingham were married in Putnam county. The former died when his son James was eight years of age. The lad then lived with his grandfather, James Vanlandingham. who died about one year later, in 1856. and is buried in the old family cemeten,- on the fami. The mother of the subject went to Ohio to live with a married daughter and died there. She is sur\ived by a sister. Sarah. li\ing at Le.xington, Kentucky, at the age of sixty-four years, she having been the youngest memljer of the family. She married George Brant. Hester Vanlandingham was the oldest child in her father's familv. She was a second cousin of her husband, Jerry Vanlandingham.

-\t the death of his grandparents. James X'anlandingham returned to his mother and when about ten years of age mo\ed to Greencastle. On December 17, 1863, while vet a mere lad, he enlisted in Company F. One Hundred and Twenty-third Regiment Indiana \'olunteer Infantry, a new regiment organized by General Hovev, who took charge of six regiments as a division, comprising the One Hundred and Twenty-third. One Plundred and Twentyfourth. One Hundred and Twenty-ninth. One Hundred and Thirtieth and two other regiments, these being known as "Ho\-e_\''s Babies." Mr. Vanlandingham saw some hard ser'/ice. taking [)art with his company in all subsequent campaigns and battles, always conducting himself in a gallant manner. He was in fifteen battles, from Rocky Face Ridge on the Atlanta campaign and back after Hood to Xashville. He was never wounded, was never captured or made a prisoner. After the battle of Franklin, Tennessee, the division he was in was sent to North Carolina, by way of Cincinnati and Washington, having intended to join Grant. At one time it was sent by way of the Indian Territory to Ft. Smith, and then to the mouth of the Cape Fear river, taking prisoners, and on to Ft. Fisher and Wilmington, then were stationed at Greensboro and Charlotte, North Carolina, then to Lexington, that state, where the company was honorably discharged August 25, 1865. Mr. Vanlandingham was always in the ranks, often on short detail to guard wagon teams, etc. After the war he worked for a time in a livery stable, later a woolen mill. He then worked for Rese Hammond until he married, then farmed for five years. He was employed in Brockray's spoke factory for a period of twelve years. He spent six years on a farm in Warren township. He made a success at whatever he turned his attention to and laid by an ample competency for his declining years. Three years ago he purchased his present home just south of the city, known as the old Wall Lewis place, where he has a very comfortable and nicely arranged home.

yir. Vanlandingham married, on September 13, 1870, Kate Branson, daughter of Thomas and Esther (Lay) Branson, at Greencastle, the ceremony being performed by Rev. O. P. Badger. Her father, Thomas L. Branson, was a farmer and stone-mason of Greencastle township, having come here from Tennessee; his wife and family came to Putnam county in 1863 while he was in the L'nion army, a member of Company B, First East Tennessee Regiment. His father was a native of England, coming to America when young, serving in the American army in the war of 1812. After the war Thomas L. Branson joined his family here and worked at his trade for a time and later returned to his native community in Tennessee, dying at jNIavnardsville. that state, when past eighty-five years of age. his wife having died in Colorado while visiting. Her daughter Emma, who married Thomas Gibbs, is living at Greencastle; two brothers, Enoch and Thomas, are living in Montgomery county, Indiana.

Four children were born to Mr. and Mrs. James Vanlandingham. named as follows : Charlev, a farmer in Brown county, Indiana ; Jessie, who married ^ferlin Gerner, a railroad employe, living at Indianapolis; Daisy married Albert Shuev. who is conducting a grocery store at Greencastle; Dwight is living: at home.

Mr. A'anlandingham is a member of the local post of the Grand Army of the Republic, and he takes a great interest in the reunions and meetings of his old comrades, seldom missing a national encampment. He is a Republican in politics.

The life of William Tell Besser. a highly respected citizen of Greencastle. Indiana, has been one of consecutive endeavor along lines that seldom fail to bring satisfactory results, and now. in the evening of his life, he finds himself very comfortably situated as a result of his former years of activity. He was born in Clark county. Illinois, on the home farm, October 26. 1842. the son of Bates and Olive (Hollenbeck^ Besser. the father being a native of the canton of Luzerne. Switzerland, born January 15, 1797. He came to America with his father when a small boy. He grew to maturity here and during the war of 18 12 teamed for the American army when the British burned the city of Buffalo. He afterwards .settled in Black Rock, near Buffalo. His mother died in the old country and Mr. Besser married a native of Xew YiM-k after coming here. They both died in that state. The parents of William T. Besser boarded a trading boat and descended the Ohio river to the mouth of the Wabash, ascending the latter stream until they reached a spot near Marshall, Illinois, where they settled, braving the severe climatic changes. Indians and the hardshijis incident to a pioneer life. Mr. Besser purchased sixty acres of land, later entering considerable land adjoining. As soon as he could secure the sum of fifty dollars he would enter another forty acres and he soon had a very valuable tract and made a success in this new C()untry where he lived until he reached a ripe old age. dying September 13. 1855. Bates Besser made many trips to Chicago in wagons, before the days of railroads, taking apples, principally, to market and bringing back merchandise. He married Olive Hollenbeck in 1828. She was the daughter of Lawrence H. Hollenbeck, who settled in Illinois as early as 1815, his wife dying soon afterward. His death occurred in i860, in Dallas, Texas, where he went from Iowa, having moved to the latter state from Illinois. Both the elder Hollenbeck and Besser belonged to that type of pioneers who courted rather than shunned danger and thought nothing of hardships. They fattened their hogs with the corn they raised, and. in order to market them, .sawed lumber with hand saws with which they constructed tiat-bottomed boats and on these drove their hogs, taking them down the ri\-ers to the Xew Orleans markets, where tliey al)aiulonecl tlieir boats and walked home. Mrs. Ohve Besser died in 1873, ha\iiig reared the following nine children: Luzerne died in Oregon ; Wesley died in Illinois : James died in the Indian Territory ; Xathan. who was with General Grant, early in the Ci\'il war, died in 1862; William T.. of this review; Margaret Hathaway Linton died in Illinois in 1830: Mary, who married Dr. S. Jumper, died in ^Marshall. Illinois, in 1890; Hulda, who married Bryan Anderson, now lives in Marshall, Illinois.

\Villiam T. Besser worked on the home farm in Illinois in his boyhood, attended the countiy schools until the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion, which so fired his youthful ardor that he could not remain at home when his countrv was in need of his services, consequently he enlisted in the Fiftyfourth Regiment. Indiana Volunteer Infantry, for the three-months service. He did guard dutv principally, not having occasion to participate in any battles, his ser\-ices being principally in protecting railroad property. He contracted the measles which settled in his eyes, thus preventing his re-enlistment, and he was honorably discharged in October, 1862. He returned home and took up farming again. Four years later, 1866. he purchased a half interest in the mill at Marshall, Illinois, which in 1874 was destroyed by fire, but was rebuilt. After a series of varied successes in business, he sold out in 1893 and came to Greencastle, Indiana, where he purchased the interest of E. H. Marker in the "Big Four Mills." which he has been very successful in and is now widely known to the farmers throughout this and adjoining counties, making a specialty of the well known and much-sought-for brand of "Big 4 Flour," which ranks second to none on the market and which is sold in large lots in many sections of the L'nited States. He is regarded as one of the leading mill men in this section of the state and an authority in such matters, holding a conspicuous place in the ranks of millers of the ^fiddle West. He has been very successful of recent years and is one of the substantial men of Greencastle. He has a nice home, well furnished and tastily kept.

Mr. Besser was married on April 19. 1874, to Mary Craig, daughter of Robert and Marv (Hall) Craig, an excellent family of Sullivan county, this state. This union resulted in the birth of two children. Daniel, who is his father's assistant in the mill, and Bertha, widow of Milo Reed Janney. The mother of these children passed to her rest in 1902. She was a woman of rare Christian character and an earnest worker in the Christian church.

Fraternallv Mr. Besser is a niember of the R(Dyal Arch Masons, the Odd T~el!ows. the Modern Woodmen of .America and the Grand Army of the Republic.

Putxam Cckxtv. Indiana

One of the representative business men of Putnam county, and a man whose sound (Uscretion and business judgment is universally recognized, is Andrew B. Hanna. the well-known furniture dealer and undertaker of Greencastle.

Mr. Hanna's ancestr}' is that of people of the most sterling worth, men and women who delighted in keeping untarnished the good records of the earliest members of both branches of the family. In tracing this genealogv we find that Mr. Hanna"s grandfather, William Hanna, was a Kentuckian, in which state he was bom. reared and received some schooling in the primitive schools of the early days. He came to this section of Indiana at a very early date, being a hardy pioneer, and he established his home here in the midst of the forest, and from him sprang the later generations that ha\e made this a familiar name in all circles in Putnam and adjoining counties. One of the best representatives of the family is Andrew B. Hanna, who \vas born in Warren township, this county. May 31, 1865, the son of .Adam Hanna. now living I'etired in Greencastle at the advanced age of seventvseven years. He was born in Brown township, Montgomery county. Indiana, where he grew to maturity on the old Hanna homestead. He moved to Putnam county in i86j and located on a farm in Warren township, devoting his life to farming and stock raising, also bought large numbers of li\e stock from time to time, being \er\' successful in both lines of endeavor. He shipped more stock to the markets from Putnam county than any other man up to those days. He was always well known as a stock man and he was a good fanner, laying by an ample competency for his old age. In 1869 he moved to Greencastle, where he has since resided. He engaged in the stock and li\ery business here for many years, and from 1875 ^^ ^^82 he was in the furniture and unclertaking business.

.\dam Hanna married .Amelia Black, who was born in Mt. Sterling, county. Kentucky. She was an excellent, whole-souled woman, and she passed to her rest in Fel)ruary. iqoo, at the age of sixty-six years. They became the parents of only one child, .\ndrew B., of this review.

.\ndrew B. Hanna was four years old when his parents movefl to Greencastle. He spent his youth much in the .same manner as other lads of his days in town, attending the public and high schools. later DePauw University, where he made an excellent record and from which institution he was graduated in 1885. He soon after'wards turned his attention to fanning, but in 1890 went into the furniture and undertaking business, opening an establishment alone in October of that year, on the east side of the public square. He prospered from the first and had built up an excellent patronage when, in 1897, he sold out and bought in his present place, the firm name being Black & Black, and in 1900 Mr. Hanna bought the entire stock. He is now erecting one of the finest business blocks in Greencastle, at the corner of Indiana and Walnut streets. It is modern in every detail and will be elegant in all its appointments. He will have an up-to-date and well equipped office in the same and will carry a large and carefully selected stock.

Mr. Hanna belongs to the Masons, having attained the thirty-second degree: he also belongs to the Knights of Pythias and the Red Men, also the Woodmen and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He is a member of the Phi Gamma Delta fraternity. Politically he is a Republican. He is usually too busily engaged with his individual affairs to take much interest in politics; however, his support may always be depended upon when movements are promulgated looking to the betterment of the county politically, socially or materially. He is regarded by all as upright and honest in all his business relations and he has the confidence and respect of a wide circle of acquaintances and friends throughout the countv.

James O. Cammack

Men who love the esthetic and have eyes for the beautiful even along the most commonplace stretches of the path of life are not numerous, but now and then one is to be found who devotes his life to the gratification of this attribute rather than plunge into the maddening scramble for the material things of a pro.saic world. James O. Cammack, a noted photographer of Greencastle, is perhaps the most conspicuous figure of the former class of men in Putnam county, for he has made art his hobby and loves the beautiful and ideal. He is a native of Iowa, having been born on a farm four and one-half miles south of Iowa Falls. Hardin county, June 21. 1S69. His father, [ames Cammack. who was a farmer, was born in Wa}-ne county, Indiana, where he lived until about 1855, when he moved to Muscatine, Iowa: however prior to his removal west he had lived a short time in Ohio. After spending a few years in Muscatine he moved to Hardin county, where he lived for many years. In 1887 he migrated to Osage county, Kansas, locating in Barclay, spending about a year and a half there, then moved to Xeosho county, that state, where he remained until about one year before his death, in 1904. He spent the last year of his life with his daughter and son at Radclitte. Iowa. He married Elizabeth Hadley, a native of Ohio, who died in 1873. Both Mr. and Mrs. James Cammack were representatives of excellent Quaker families, (grandfather John Cammack was a native of eastern Indiana, and he and his wife died when James Cammack. father of the subject, was a small child, consequently the latter was bound out. as was the custom in those days. He managed to secure a good education, having studied at Earlham College, Richmond. Indiana, and he preached some in the Quaker church. The Hadleys were well-to-do and influential in their communities, cultured and educated. Grandmother Hadley was known in her maidenhood as Lydia Hazard and was related to the distinguished American naval officer, Oliver Hazard Pern.'. She was a native of the state of New York and was a \'ery exceptionally beautiful woman. Her death occurred in 1886, in Indianapolis, where she had lived for many years. She was three times married, her last husl)and being William Pyle.

Mr. and Mrs. James Cammack were the parents of eight children, named as follows: Oliver and Alfred, deceased; Calvin H. lives in Radcliffe, Iowa; Walter R. is a traveling salesman, living at New Castle, Indiana; Lydia Alice is deceased; Henrietta is the wife of A. F. Crispin, of Lajunta, Colorado; \\'illiam is deceased; James O., of this review, is the youngest of the familv.

James Cammack spent his youth on the farm, working in the fields during crop season and attending the district schools in the winter time, remaining under the parental roof-tree until he was twenty years of age. in 18S9. He received a verv good education. After finishing the common schools he attended the high school at low^a Falls for a short time, continuing his studies in the schools after the family had moved to Kansas, and he had greatly supplemented his early education by general home reading and study and by contact with the world, by traveling and observation. In 1889 he began the study of photography with his brother. W. R. Cammack, at Oskaloosa, Iowa. They moved from there to Kokomo. Indiana, where James O remained about a year, then secured a position in a studio at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, where he worked for fifteen months. During the five years following he traveled and worked in Virginia, Indiana and Illinois. In 1895 he started in business at Tazewell. Virginia, remaining there about eight months, going from there to Chestertown, Mar\dand, thence to Ind'anapolis, working in the latter place at the Marceau studio, now known as the Rink studio, one of the finest in Indiana. On January i, 1896. he purchased his present handsome studio in Greencastle. He had been here since Xoveniber 4, 1895. This is the leading studio of Greencastle and is generally regarded as one of the best in the state, and it is always a busy place, being patronized from remote parts of the country. Mr. Cammack has been a member of the State Photographers" Association for many years and is now treasurer of the association, a position he has held for the past three years. Prior to that he was vice-president of the association, and during the year 1909 he received the highest rating in both portrait and view class in the state exhibit. His efforts have done much to encourage and promote the above named association, in which he takes a very deep interest.

]\Ir. Cammack was married on January 29, 1896, to Adelene Buston, who was born near Dursley, England, from which country her parents brought her to America when about one year old. She is a lady of talent and culture, and she is the mother of three interesting children, namely: Elizabeth Eileen, Hadley B. and Eleanore Adelene.

Fraternally Mr. Cammack is a Mason, a member of the Knights of Pythias and the Modern \Voodmen. He has always been interested in the affairs of his city and county, and for two years he served very faithfully as a member of the city council and for the past two years he has been secretary of the board of education. He is also active in fraternal affairs, having passed through all the chairs of the local lodge of Knights of Pythias. Personallv he is pleasant, courteous, genteel and thoroughly reliable, and he and Mrs. Cammack are favorites with a large circle of friends and acquaintances in Greencastle.

We are dealing with a fine citizen when we confront the bearer of the above name. Not only has he made a success in life in a business way, but he has done still better by the character of man he has made of himself, by study, observation and e.xperience in the affairs of the world. His highest claim to the crown of good citizenship is his universal dedication of himself to all moral causes. Point out the moral side of any question and there you will find Orville M. Tustison arrayed as an advocate and fighter. He has been speciallv conspicuous in the noble cause of temperance. Knowing the evils of the liquor tralific, seeing with his own eyes the ruin it has wrought on all sides in every household and in all the walks of life, he long ago conceived for it a holv hatred and this dislike is manifested in church, at the polls, in private and public life. Mr. Tustison was bom at Cherry Point,

Illinois, April 14, 1869, and is a son of Dr. Andrew F. and Mary (Kelley) Tustison. of Shelby county, Ohio. His father was a practicing physician at Cherry Point. Orville 'SI. attended public school at Cherry Point and after he grew up he learned the trade of painting and hanging paper. He followed this occupation for quite a while and was successful in a business way as he had energ}-, industn.-, honesty and good judgment. In 1895 ^^ came to Putnam county, where his strong qualities soon asserted themselves and we find him now one of the successful and progressive farmers of this section. He and his wife own three hundred and three acres of fine farming land and are ranked among the county's solid citizens.

On September 19, 1894, Mr. Tustison married Xellie G. Hanna, a descendant of one of the earliest of Putnam county's pioneer families. Her father is G. W. Hanna, a sketch of whom and his family appears elsewhere in this volume. Mr. and Mrs. Tustison have four children: Reed Ariel, born August i, 1895; Ross Hanna, bom May 24. 1897; Vera ^larie, born July 21, 19CO, and ^ladonna Xelson, born Septemljer 6, 1905. Mr. Tustison is a member of the Knights of Pythias, Eagle Lodge, No. 16, of Greencastle, and Morton Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, and has also been quite conspicuous in politics, which he aims to elevate and purify by driving out machine methods and all sorts of corrupt devices. He is the Republican member of the advisory board of Monroe township and is always conscientious in the performance of the duties attached to this position. He was a delegate to the Republican state convention held at Indianapolis in 1908, and used all his influence for a strong declaration for temperance in the platfomi. As president of the temperance league in Clinton township he was foremost in the fight for local option, which carried the county by an overwhelming majoritv. He favors state-wide prohibition and hopes to live to see the day when there will not be a saloon in the state of Indiana. For many years he has l;een an indefatigable laborer in the temperance cause and rejoiced to see the steadv advance of temperance principles in all sections and states of the L'nion. Xo man in Putnam county is more highly esteemed for his high character, sound business judgment and general worth as an ail around good citizen.

D.Wid Houck

Putnam county was not especially inx'iting on the surface when Jonathan Houck came in from the East to seek his fortune in the new country of the West. He was born in Pennsylvania. X'ovember 10. 1809. and in 1840 made his appearance in this county, when all was still wild and undeveloped. There were no good roads, only trails and trees, swamps covering much of the land, population was scant and scattered, the best houses were log cabins and only a limited amount of livestock was to be seen. As a compensation, however, there was still much game of various kinds and on this the pioneers relied chiefly for their fresh meat. Times were hard and the struggle for existence was bitter. Land was cheap, it is true, but it took an immense amount of work to clear it and get it in shape for raising crops. There was no local market for anything and the farmer was unable to dispose of his products to advantage, even after he raised them with much labor. It is interesting to compare the prices for food at that time with those now prevailino-. Eggs, quoted recently at Indianapolis as high as forty-five cents a dozen, went begging at five cents or less in Jonathan Houck"s day. The usual price of pork was two and one-half cents a pound, cattle three cents and com twenty cents a bushel. Jonathan Houck settled in Clinton township on government land and spent the best part of his life in developing it. Eventuallv he made it a fine farm and left a handsome estate to his heirs. When he died, July 6, 1905, he was the oldest resident of the county. In early manhood he married Nancy Elizabeth White, who came with him to the West and shared with him all the hardships and privations of pioneer life.

Nancy Elizabeth White was born near Harrisburg, Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, on May 5, 1812. On August 26, 1S30, she married Jonathan Houck, of Huntington county, Pennsylvania, and in 1837 they moved to Hamilton county, Ohio, and from there, in 1839. to Putnam county, Indiana, locating near Brick Chapel. Four years later they removed to the old homestead in Clinton township, where they lived until their home was destroyed by fire, in 1898, since which time they lived with their son, David, of Greencastle. Mrs. Houck died on January 25, 1898. There are now sixteen living grandchildren and forty great-grandchildren of this worthy couple. :\trs. Houck united with the regular Predestinarian Baptist church in 1831. Jonathan Houck was a Methodist. To Jonathan and Nancy Houck were born five sons, namely: David, of Greencastle: Thomas, Anthony and Ross A. are deceased: Elijah, of Greencastle.

David Plouck. son of this pioneer couple, was born in Cambria county, Pennsylvania. July 12, 1831, and was only nine years old when brought by his parents to Putnam county. As he grew up he had all the rough experiences of a pioneer boy, including much work and little play. He assisted on the faiTn. from early in the spring until late in the fall, and then put in a few weeks at the subscription school held in a log cabin near his home.

Putnam Cou-N'Ty, Indiana. 5Ii

After he became of age he began farming in Madison township on three hundred and ten acres of land, which he operated for seventeen years. Then he removed to Washington townsiiip, near Hamrick Station, where he had four hundred acres, and was there for twenty-five years. In 1892 he removed to Greencastle, Hving for a time in the eastern part of the city, but in 1896 moving to his present residence on the southern outskirts of the town. Though a Democrat in politics, he never sought office, but about 1888 was appointed trustee of Washington township, and served to the entire satisfaction of the people.

August 10, 185 1, yiv. Houck married Rachel Talley. by whom he had seven children: Jonathan, James Edward. Elizabeth, Henry T. (deceased), Oliver. Xelson. William M. and Anthony (deceased). Elizabeth became the wife of Lennox M. Boone and lives in Eureka, Kansas, the other members of the family residing in Putnam county. The mother having died. Air. Houck married Mrs. Martha A. (Penny) Houck, daughter of [ohn and Henrietta (Wood) Penny, and an old pioneer family, the former a native of Pennsylvania and the latter of \'irginia. Mrs. Houck was born in Monroe township. September 29, 1834. and had pre\-iously been the wife of Anthony Houck. brother of the subject and who died at the age of twentv-six years, and b}' wliom she had four children, namely; Joseph H., who died at the age of eighteen years: John William, who lives at Muskogee, Oklalioma; James A., of Indianapolis; Anna, the wife of Francis Lyon, a lawver of Greencastle.

Thomas Xewgext

The Xewgent family is traced back to pre-Revolutionary davs and members of the same have figured prominently in A'irginia, Kentucky, Pennsylvania and Indiana. William, George and Edward X'ewgent emigrated to Roanoke, \'irginia, before the war for American independence. William and George went on to Pennsyhania ; Edw'ard to Fauquier county, \'irginia ; he bought two emigrants from an ocean vessel who had readily sold themseKes for passage and induced them to enter the army with him. Edward married a Miss Conway, by whom he had three sons and one daughter. Thomas Xewgent, of Putnam county, one of the sons, was born in Fauquier county. \'irginia, June 10. 1770, and when eighteen years of age he crossed the mountains to Kentucky with a surveying party. He married Philadelphia Spillman. who was born July 30. 1772, and who died August 10, 1823: she was the daughter of John Spillman, of Culpeper county, Vir- ginia, and they were the parents of ele\en cliikh"en. all of whom lived to be past fifty-four years of age. all becoming heads of families. Following were among them: Charles lived in Parke county, Indiana; Frances came to Indiana, a widow, and here married Thomas Boswell and lived to an old age, dying at Portland Mills; Sarah married James Collings and in alx)ut 1878 she was killed by a ninaway team; they lived in Clinton township, where Air. Collings died in the fifties; her only daughter was Edna Collings, who is still living on the old homestead, single. Her brother, John Holland Collings, recently deceased, was a well-read man, owning the first library in Putnam county outside of Greencastle. Elizabeth, the eldest daugihter of Thomas Xewgent. lived in Parke county; Nancy is married and is living in Clinton township. Her son. Charles E. Webb, lives in Clinton Falls ; Pollv and her husband came to Clinton township and she died in Russell township, but left no children.

In 1798 Thomas Newgent settled in Mercer county. Kentucky. He was a surveyor and teacher. In the war of 1812 he enlisted from Franklin county and was a scout for Gen. William Henry Harrison. In the battle of Ft. Meigs, Frenchtown and Raisin river he proved a gallant fighter. It was interesting to hear him give a graphic description of the fights and Indian massacres he witnessed. His wife died in Shelby county, Kentucky, in 1823. He later came to Putnam county, Indiana, and was the first teacher here, the school he first taught being located where Xo. 3, in Clinton township, now stands. The death of this sterling pioneer and useful first settler occurred on Februarv 4. 1863, when he had reached the advanced age of ninety-two years, seven months and twenty-four days. He was a member of the Methodist church.

One of the leading physicians of Putnam county of the younger generation is Dr. Walter R. Hutcheson. a worthy son of a worthy sire, for Philip Hutche'son. one of the venerable residents of the county, is a man well known and highlv honored for his past life of consecutive endeavor along legitimate and useful lines. His forbears are belie\-ed to have been among the early pioneers of Kentucky, from which state came Randolph Hutcheson, founder of the Hutcheson family in Putnam county, Indiana, whither he came as earlv as 1827. locating in Madison township, removing a few years later to Washington township. Thus the Hutchesons have been residents of this county for over ninety years and their names are deftly intertwined with the various phases of its history from pioneer days to the present. Randolph Hutcheson married EHzabeth Woner, also a native of Kentuckv, where she was reared and where, in Ganett county, she married Mr. Hutcheson. By this union there were three sons, Payton, Henn.- and Philip, father of Doctor Hutcheson of this review.

Philip Hutcheson was born in Madison township. Putnam county, October 27, 1830. and he has lived on the fami which he now owns since he was four years old, now being eighty years of age, being the "grand old man'' of Washington township. The surrounding countrv- was all in woods in those days and he did not have much time to pour over text-books, for it fell to his lot to assist in clearing and developing the farm, and he took care of his parents in their old age, his father, Randolph Hutcheson, surviving until 1864. He fanned all his life, held no public oftice, but was a member of the Christian church at Manhattan. Their family consisted of twelve children, all reaching maturity but one, only three of whom are now living, two sisters in Missouri and Philip, the only one of the children left in Putnam county. The latter has ahvays been a farmer and he built his present home in 18S7. The old homestead contained eighty acres; this Philip has added to until he now has one hundred acres in this place and other lands, all making several hundred acres.

On June 25. 1857. Philip Hutclieson married Louisa Bence. sister of Doctor Bence of Greencastle and John Bence of Washington township. She was born in Jefferson county. Kentucky. April 12. 1840, being seventeen years of age at her marriage. She is of German extraction, and she is still living, being a woman of fine Christian characteristics. The following children were born to them : Izora H. is living at home caring for his parents : Ida married Luther Easter, of Warren township, this county: Laura married Frank Daggy. of Washin,gton township; Maggie married Fred Stoner. of Washington township: Daniel married Gertrude King of Washington township ; Philip B. married Stella Zaring and he is superintendent of the Roachdale schools: Dr. Walter R.. the immediate subject of this review; Charles married Jennie Gamer and is living in Washington township on the old Boone homestead.

Phdip Hutcheson, father of these children, has never been an aspirant for public honors; however he at one time served as supervisor of his township. He is a Democrat and a member of the Christian church, having been a leader in the building of the .Antioch church, which is near his farm, and i33) he is one of its main supporters, his home being the frequent gathering place for the ministers -who preach here. He is a quiet home man, devoted to plain, simple virtues, highly honored by all. He has taken a great deal of pains in educating his children. Now in his advanced age he is hale and hearty owing to his past life of clean wholesome living.

Dr. Walter R. Hutcheson was born in Washington township, this county, October 2, 1874. He was reared on the farm and made his home there until 1898, meantime attending the district schools. Later he spent terms at the Central Normal School at Danville and the State Normal at Terre Haute, and at DePauw University. In 1895 he entered the Medical College of Indiana and was graduated therefrom in 1898. April 7th of the same year he began practice at Greencastle and since then has devoted himself assiduously to his profession. In 1907 he took a post-graduate course at the New York Post-Graduate Medical School and Hospital. He is a surgeon for the Monon railroad and the Terre Haute, Indianapolis & Eastern Interurban railway.

Doctor Hutcheson is a member of the American, State and Putnam Countv Medical Societies, and he has served very acceptably as health officer both for the citv and county, for he ranks well in his profession, in which he has made steady progress, and enjoys the general esteem of all who know him. Fraternallv, he is a member of the Knights of Pythias and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. Politically he is an unswerving Democrat, taking an interest in his party's success.

The Doctor is married to a lady of singular refinement, known in her maidenhood as Adda Louise, daughter of Thomas and Alice (Hazelett) Farmer, a well known Greencastle family. The date of their wedding was October 15, 1902. This union has been without issue.

The name of Thomas Benton Farmer should not be omitted from any historical work of Putnam county, Indiana, owing to the fact that Mr. Farmer, who is now living in honorable retirement in Greencastle, surrounded bv the manv substantial evidences of thrift of his former years of industry, has long been one of the leading citizens of the county, always ready to assist in any wav possible the upbuilding of the vicinity honored by his citizenship. He was born in Greencastle, August 12, 1836, and, unlike many of his contemporaries who sought uncertain fortune in other fields, he desired to remain at home, believing that better business chances were to be found right at his own door, and, judging from the eminent success that has attended his efforts and the good he has done the city, he was wise in reaching this conclusion. He is one of the few connecting links between the pioneer days and the present in Putnam county and it is indeed interesting to hear him tell of the development of this favored region since his boyhood days. He is the son of James H. and Emily (Parks) Farmer, the latter born in Xorth Carolina, from which state she was brought by her parents. Benjamin and Olive Parks, to ^Monroe county. Indiana, then being eight years of age. She married in that county and her parents came on to Putnam, locating near Putnamville, where they spent the remaining years of their lives, the father dying in 1849 o'' iSjO- when about sixty years old, his widow surviving him thirty years, reaching the advanced age of ninety-two years. Benjamin Parks was a Primitive Baptist minister and continued to preach until his death. He preached regularly for many years at Deer Creek and other places and was a power for good in those early days.

James H. Farmer was born near Shelbyville, Shelby county, Kentucky. When sixteen years of age his mother brought him to Monroe county, Indiana, his father having died when he was ten years of age. When twenty-two years of age, was married, his wife, Emily Parks, being about the same age. He worked for one year after this event in Monroe county at the plasterer's trade, then came to Greencastle where he continued his trade, being very highly skilled and consequently he usually had plenty of work. He worked on the old college and on many of the other early buildings in the county, including the present ^vlissionary Baptist church. About 1S40 or 1841 he moved to a farm near ]\fount Meridian, on Deer creek. Marion township, six miles southeast of Greencastle, moving into the woods, only a small portion of the place having been cleared. He farmed and continued to work at his trade whenever practical. He also had a lime kiln on his farm and there he burned the lime that went into the construction of the old court house, and he hauled lime to Indianapolis to market for ten or twelve years, spending the rest of his life on the farm. He placed a fine farm of four or five hundred acres under cultivation, the old house erected there in the forties still standing, after being used sixty-five years and is still serviceable. Frank Farmer, son of Thomas B. Farmer, now operates the place, two hundred and seventy acres of it. Thomas Farmer still owning part of it.

James H. Farmer died November 11, 1876. at the age of seventy-one years, his widow surviving him until January 27, 1887. With the assistance of two grandsons, she had operated the farm after her husband's death and an evidence of her gooil management is seen by her earning the sum of seven thousand dollars - in fact, she really made the farm what it was, one of the best in the township. By the side of her husband she sleeps in the Deer Creek cemetery, near the little church which they loved to attend. Their children are as follows : Benjamin followed the plasterer's trade in Putnam county, dying when past seventy years of age; Mary .\nn married Alexander ^IcCarthy. M. D., who moved to Iowa, later to Oregon, where he died; Matilda married John Nosier, an attorney who became a judge after moving to Oregon, where Mrs. Nosier was killed by a team backing over an embankment: Louisa married Joseph Ruark, of Marion township, where they both died: Thomas Benton, of this review; Nancy is the widow of James Raines, living at Cloverdale; Cynthia married Dr. Thomas Bryan, and they both died while living in Missouri; Samuel died about 1897, at the age of fiftyseven, having been a farmer in Putnam county, which he served as county commissioner, while living in Jefiferson township; James married a Miss Ruark, moved to Iowa, then to Arkansas and his death occurred in Oklahoma at the age of fifty-five years; Ellen married Andrew J. Ruark, brother of Joseph Ruark. both retired fanners living in Greencastle.

Thomas Benton Farmer was reared on the old homestead, which he began working when quite young, attending the district schools a short time during the winter months. He learned the plasterer's trade, which he worked in company with Samuel Farmer. He was married on September 17, 1857, to Catherine Sherrill, who was reared by her grandfather, Thomas McCarthy, in Warren township, her mother having died when she was an infant.

Mr. Farmer went to Ringgold county, Iowa, in 1859, where he remained for a period of four years, until 1863, improving a new prairie farm. Returning to Putnam county, he purchased one hundred acres east of and adjoining that of his father's. He has proved to be an excellent manager and a modern agriculturist, consequently has prospered and is now the owner of six hundred acres of as valuable land as the county afifords. all in a body with the exception of one hundred and eighty acres in Jefferson township, two miles from his other land. It is practically all under excellent improvement and a high state of cultivation. About one hundred acres of his father's old place are included in his holdings ; at one time he owned about all the old place, but sold a part to his son. Frank. Much of Mr. Farmer's attention has been directed to the successful handling of livestock, of which he seems to be an exceptionally good judge, having long kept his place well stocked with cattle, hogs and horses, also mules, having shipped horses and mules to market in large numbers, acquiring a large part of his ample competency in this manner. He continued to operate his farm, giving it almost his e.xclusive attention until about 1892 when he moved to Greencastle and has since lived practically retired, spending some of his time looking after his small place near the city. He has an attractive and comfortable home in the best residence district of the city.

Mrs. Farmer was called to her reward in 1S75. Four children were born to this union, namely : Alice married Henry Runyan. living at Mt. Meridian, Putnam county ; Albert was a commercial salesman for a hardware house in Terre Haute, and he died at the age of thirty-two years, leaving a widow and one child. Zella. at Greenca.stle : Frank owns the old Farmer homestead and lives in Greencastle township: Samuel Edward is married and is operating his father's farm in IMarion township.

Thomas B. Farmer's second marriage was in 1S77 to Alice Hazlett, daughter of Richard and ^lelvina (Bunten) Hazlett. and she is next to the youngest member of the family, having been born in Marion township, this county. This family came to their present commodious thirteen- roomed house in 1868. Four children were also born to this second union, named as follows; Addie married Doctor Hutcheson, of Greencastle; Claude is a railroad employe in Indianapolis; ^Mary married Nathaniel Hammond, who is living on his father's farm; Jennie is being educated in DePauw University.

Politically Mr. Farmer is a Democrat, and while he has always been deeply concerned regarding the welfare of Putnam county politically and every other way, he has not been an aspirant to public office. He is wellknown and highly respected throughout this part of the state, for his life has been an exemplary one.

Daniel Evans Shoemaker

A man who boldly faces the responsibilities of life and by determined and untiring energy carv^es out for himself an honorable success exerts a powerful influence upon the lives of all who follow them. Such men constitute the foundation of our republican institutions and are the pride of our civihzation. To them life is so real that they find no time to plot either mischief or vice. Their lives are bound up in their duties, they feel the weight of their citizenship, and take pleasure in sowing the seeds of uprightness. Such has been the career of the subject of this sketch.

Daniel E. Shoemaker was bom in Wayne county, Indiana, on the 23d day of September, 1836, and is a 'son of James and EHzabeth (Howren) Shoemaker, the former of whom was born July 30. 181 3. and the latter May 4, 1 814. They were of stanch old Quaker stock and the father was a man of splendid qualifications and high standing, being universally known as "Squire" Shoemaker. He was one of the early pioneers of Wayne county, this state, and came to Putnam county in 1840. Here he devoted his attention to farming and attained to a fair measure of success. He possessed a strong religious spirit and was a forceful and effective public speaker.

The subject was reared under parental care and secured his education in the old log school houses of that early period, at which time educational methods and equipment were somewhat primitive. He was reared to the life of a farmer, and has never left the occupation of his first choice. He is the owner of one hundred and twenty-five acres of land and has been successful to a gratifying degree in the operation of this land. Of practical ideas and progressive methods, he has kept in close touch with advanced ideas relating to the science of agriculture and his labor is rewarded with abundant returns.

At the age of fiftv-three years Mr. Shoemaker received distinct religious impressions and from that time forward has to the best of his ability lived a consistent Christian life. He has for many years been a persistent and thoughtful student of the holy writings and is considered an authority on the Bible and its teachings. He has strong and definite convictions regarding the great truths of God and stands squarely on his honest and conscientious beliefs. His life has been as an open book to all who know him and no man in the community enjoys to a greater degree the respect and confidence of the people.

On October 10. i860. Mr. Shoemaker was united in marriage to Louisa Stobaugh. the daughter of Jacob and Ursula Stobaugh and who was born on July 27. 1840. Jacob Stobaugh was one of the first settlers in the state of Indiana. To Mr. and Mrs. Shoemaker were born the following children: Lillie D.. born October 18. 1861. is the wife of Marion Graver, living in Boone county, this state: Jacob H.. bom April 8. 1863, a farmer of Floyd township, married Lula Mason; Arminda B., born March 12. 1865. died at the age of fifteen years; Josephine, born August 3, 1876. became the wife of Sherman Goffer; Worley V.. born December 14. 1880. is single and is living at home. He has been reared to the honest life of a farmer and takes much pride in livestock and has become a regular dealer in feeding and handling stock for market.

Arch Allex

Over four score years have been dissolved in the mists of time since the venerable and highly honored gentleman whose name appears above first saw the light of day, and heaven has bounteously lengthened out his life through the most momentous epoch in the world's history, bringing him down to the mell(,nv Indian summer of his years without regret for a career that has been strenuous yet satisfactory, a career which has resulted in great good to himself and immediate family and also scores who have had the pleasure of knowing him. He has witnessed many wonderful changes in this country since his bovhood days, has seen it advance from a wild wilderness filled with all kinds of untamed beasts to a highly cultivated and wealthy region where happiness and plenty abound as against poverty and hardships in the long ago.

Arch Allen, who is known to every resident of Monroe township, like many of the good citizens of Putnam county, is a native of the state of Kentucky, having been born in IMontgomery county, July ii, 1827, the son of James and Sarah ( Tones) Allen, the father of Virginia and the mother of Kentucky. James Allen lived for some time in the last-named state, from which he came to Putnam county, Indiana, in 1849- In Kentucky he had been among the men who had braved the dangers of a primitive countiy, which was still the domain of the red man. but here he erected his log cabin and lived in comfort, such comfort as was to be obtained in those

Arch Allen spent his youth in Kentucky, working on the farm, and tor a very limited time attended the old-time country schools, and it was not until 1851 that he came to Putnam county, Indiana, first settling in Monroe township where he soon had a good start and where to obtain the same

On May 17. 1848. ^Ir. Allen was married, while living m Bourbon countv, Kentucky, near Paris, to Matilda Trimble, daughter of Fergus Trimble, who was a native of Bourbon county. Kentucky, where he spent his entire life. His father, a native of Virginia, was a soldier m the war of 1812,

The following children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Arch Allen: James T. married Blanche Riggs, of Greencastle. who was a daughter of Daniel and Mary (Parsons) Riggs, Mr. Riggs being a contractor ot this city; Mr. and Mrs. James T. Allen are the parents of two children. Hazel and Marie. William H. Allen is deceased: Mollie married Braxton Ellis, a

Arch Allen has been a \ery successful fanner and stockman and has probably handled, bought and sold more mules and cattle than any other man in the county, and he is widely known throughout the county and in adjoining counties, having long been regarded as one of the best authorities on livestock in this locality. He has spent over sixty years in the saddle, buying cattle and mules, having made this his chief life work from early youth, and there is not much of this countn,- that he has not ridden over and is perfectly familiar with. But notwithstanding his very busy life 'n the handling of stock, he has found time to be an extensive agriculturist and at one time he owned fourteen hundred acres of land. He paid two thousand dollars in gold for the first land he purchased. He gave over five hundred acres of land to his children. He has been a very close obser\er, believed in keeping abreast of the times and leaving no stone unturned whereby he couM advance his interests in a legitimate way.

]\Ir. Allen is a Southern Democrat of the old school and has been ever loyal to its basic principles, but he has never been a seeker after public office. He has long been one of the pillars of the Christian church at Fincastle, which he helped to build and of which he has been a liberal supporter. He is a fine character, a man whom to know is both to respect and admire, for his life has been lived along proper lines and has been one of honor and success.

Through all the gradations of life recognition should be had of the true values, and then should full appreciation be manifestetl. for, if it be done jnstlv, there can be no impropriety in scanning the acts of any man as they affect his public, social and business relations. In the collection of materia! for the biographical department of this publication there has been a constant aim to use a wise discrimination in regard to the selection of subjects and to exclude none worthy of representation in its pages. Among the worthv citizens of various vocations is found the name of John Andrew Huffman, who has made a success of his chosen life work and at the same time established a reputation for uprightness in all relations of life.

Mr. Huffman was born in Washington township. Putnam county. January lo. 1855. He is the fifth son of Edmond and Loui.sa A. (Rightsell) Huffman. A full sketch of this well established and highly respected family is to be found on another page of this work under the caption of Douglas Huffman, brother of John A., to which the interested reader is referred.

John A. Huffman spent his early youth on the home farm, which he worked during crop seasons, attending the district schools during the winter months, remaining under the parental roof until he was thirty years old, ha\'ing for many years previously been successfully engaged in stock feeding and shipping, becoming widely known in this line of endeavor. At the age meiitioneil alwve he was married to Lucy Smith, daughter of Lyman B. and Louisa (^^hirphy) Smith, of Reelsville. fomierly a well known timber dealer, now deceased. Mrs. Huffman was bom in Washington township.

Mr. Huft'man has become the owner of a splendid farm of one hundred sixty-eight and one-half acres, and also owns eighty acres that was formerly a part of the old home place. He has for years been a grower of excellent crops of all kinds, but stock raising and feeding has claimed a great deal of his attention. He is a breeder of high-grade stock which is admired by all who see the sleek, well-cared- for animals that are to be found constantly on his place. He usually feeds a car load of cattle at a time and a large number of hogs. About seventy-five acres of his land is bottom land along the Walnut, on which he erected his present fine house in 1903, from which may be had a splendid view, it being located on the edge of a hill of the Walnut creek bottoms.

To Mr. and ^Irs. Huffman five children have been born, two of whom died in infancy and one in childhood: two are living, Carl A., graduated from the local high school, in which Lora H. is now a student.

Mr. Huft'man has kept out of politics, having been too busy with his private aft'airs to seek public office. He is a veiy progressive business man and has. by his own efforts, become well fixed, and is deserving of the success that has attended his efforts and of the high esteem in which he is held bv all his neighbors and friends throughout the countv.

Israel Kxauer

One of Clinton township's aged and highly respected citizens is Israel Knauer. who. despite his years, is hale and hearty as a result of the consistent life he has led. a life of steady habits and correct living and thinking and one that has resulted in great good to all who have come in contact with him. He hails from the old Kevstonc state, having been bom in Chester county, Pennsylvania, April 2, 1837, the son of Jacob and Ann (Hudson) Knauer. the father a native of Germany. Israel was one year old when the family emigrated west, 1838, and located in Clinton township. Putnam county, three- fourths of a mile east of Israel's present home, where they began life in true first-settler fashion, moving to the present Knauer home about 1854, the parents dying in the latter place; the house they occupied is still standing. Jacob Knauer prospered and became the owner of two hundred acres in the first place and eighty acres in the latter, also owned sixtytwo acres in ?^ladison township, also four hundred and eighty acres in Xemaha county, Kansas, having entered the latter in 1861. This he later deeded to his eldest son. having divided part of his property among his children himself. He lived to a good old age, dying in 1873 at eighty-three years. His faculties were acute to the last and he kept matters in his own hands, looking after every detail of his business. He was always a hard working, persisting man, and he cleared out and improved a great deal of land. Politicallv he was a Democrat, but did not aspire to political offices. He was a good and useful man in his community and highly respected. His wife preceded him to the grave by seven years. Their family consisted of five children : Martha married George Cricks, whose sketch appears herein ; Elizabeth, who died in old age, had lived most of her life at the old homestead; Franklin remained at the old home and died a bachelor at the age of seventy; Clement B.. who was given the Kansas land, lived in Madison township, Putnam county; Israel, of this review, is the only survivor.

Israel Knauer lived at home until he was twenty-three years of age, assisting with the work of clearing the farm; after a respite of a few years, he returned to the home farm in 1873, buying his father's old place, his parents living with him the rest of their lives. Prior to that time he had purchased the original two hundred acres of his father, latter adding the one hundred acres. He now owns the sixty-two acres his father owned in Madison township. He also owns ninety-six acres in Clinton township and two hundred and forty acres in Madison township, besides what his father owned. He also owns about four hundred acres of valuable land in Parke countv. some four miles distant, and one hundred and thirty-two acres in another section of Parke county, or a grand total of over twelve hundred acres. He has made excellent improvements on all these places and his able management results in abundant yields of general crops, besides he raises various kinds of livestock which forms no small part of his annual income. He erected his present substantial and attractive home in 1884. and he has modern outbuildings and everything about his place shows thrift and pros- perit}- and that a gentleman of excellent taste and good judgment has their management in hand. He depends a great deal on grass and has many broad acres in grass where roam scores of cattle and hogs. He has paid as high as fift\'-t\vo dollars an acre for land, which is now worth a much higher figure.

Politicallv Mr. Knauer is a Democrat, but he has never aspired to offices of public trust, preferring to devote his attention exclusively to his individual affairs.

Mr. Knauer was married when twenty-three years of age. 1861, to Elizabeth Hood, daughter of Reeves Hood, of Jackson township. Parke county. Indiana, who came here from Kentucky. This family has long been well known and influential in Parke county. To Mr. and Mrs. Knauer twelve children have been bom. namely: Rebecca Ann married Rev. John McHargue, of Illinois: Jane married Frank Carmichael. of Parke county, Indiana; John H. lives in Madison township; Sarah married Thomas Brothers, of Greencastle; Israel lives in Clinton township; Daniel lives at home assisting his father with the work on the farm ; Jesse lives in Madison township; Allie married Edgar Perkins, of Clinton township; Noah lives in Jackson township. Parke county ; Lillie married George Slavens and died in North Dakota when twenty-two years of age: William lives in Union township. Parke county; Grace married Levi Hasty, of Madison township.

In evervdav life. Israel Knauer is known to be a man whose word is as good, if not better, than the bond of many. Honesty and integrity are no meaningless tenns with him and his record as a man and citizen are without blemish. He is generous, well informed on current questions of the day and is known throughout the countv as one of her best citizens.

Among the citizens of Mill Creek township. Putnam county, who, through their own persistent and well-directed efforts, have achieved a gratifying measure of success in their vocation, is the gentleman whose name appears at the head of this sketch. With little outside assistance, he has steadilv forged to the front, overcoming obstacles and unfavorable circumstances, until today he is numbered among the successful men of his community.

son of Lewis M. and Rebecca (Wallace) Buis, the former of whom was born in Jefferson township. Putnam county. May 15, 1837, and died June 4, 1905, at Stilesville, Hendricks county. The subject's paternal grandfather was Caleb Buis. who came to this county from Tennessee in 1822. His wife was Margaret (generally called Peggy) Hurst, and for her ancestry the reader is directed to the record of the Hurst generalogy, elsewhere in this volume. Rebecca Wallace, the subject's mother, was a daughter of Enoch and Winnie (Xorton) Wallace, who came from Tennessee to Hendricks county, Indiana, at an early day. Lewis 'SI. Buis lived practically all his life in Jefferson and Mill Creek townships, or until a short time prior to his death, when he moved to Stilesville. He formerly owned a fami in Jefferson township, but later traded it for one hundred and seventy-seven acres in [Mill Creek township. He was a prominent man in the communities where he resided and at one time served as trustee of Jefferson township. To him and his wife were born eleven children, namely : Albert, who resides in Indianapolis ; James G. is the immediate subject of this sketch ; Alonzo lives at Stilesville; Florence died in young womanhood; Reason lives at Martinsville : Lawrence lives at Stilesville ; Luellen died at the age of seventeen years : William resides at Stilesville ; Lewis died in childhood : Alpha became the wife of Charles Cox and lives in Hendricks county, this state; Pearlie Myrtle, deceased, was the wife of John H. Williams, of Mill Creek township.

James G. Buis was reared to manhood in Jefferson township, Putnam county, being at an early age inured to the hard labors of the farm. He received his education in the common schools, supplementing his school discipline by lifelong habits of close observation and years of practical experience. At the time of his marriage, in 1875, he rented a farm in section 32, [Mill Creek township, and during several subsequent years he rented farming land at dift'erent places in Mill Creek, Jefferson and Marion townships. He was energetic in his efforts and a good manager and in 1890 was enabled to buv thirty-five acres of bottom land, where he had first rented in Mill Creek township, which has been his home ever since. Soon afterwards he bought forty acres and has made other additions to his first holdings, having purchased eighty-six acres of the old Beddle farm, south of his home, and sixtyone acres, located north of the Ellett farm. He thus has two hundred and seventy-three acres in his home farm, and he has recently bought eighty acres of e.xcellent land in Morgan county, this state, making his total holdings three hundred and fifty-three acres. This has all been acquired by Mr. Buis solely through his own indomitable efforts and he is to be commended for the per- sistent and well-directed efforts which have wrought this result. He is a thoroughly practical farmer and has kept in close touch with every detail of his business, keeping his property up to the highest standard of excellence. He has raised all the crops common to this section of the country, and has also, with gratifying results, given considerable attention to the raising of livestock. He is now to some extent abstaining from the hardest of the work which had through the acti\'e years of his life characterized his efforts and is enjoying that ease which comes as a reward for honest and earnest effort.

In 1S75 -^fi"- Buis married Mary C. Smith, daughter of John and Louisa ( Vaughn ) Smith. She was born in Garrard county, Kentucky, and accompanied her parents to Indiana during the Civil war, they locating in Hendricks county, just across the line from Mill Creek township, this county. Subsequently they moved to Belle Union. Jefferson township, this county, where the father died on December 29, 1909. To Mr. and Mrs. Buis were born seven children, namely; Ernest and Velva died in childhood; Flossie was the wife of Orville Wallace and died on August 19, 1909, leaving two children. Hazel and Clarence; Mettie is the wife of Shelton Ray, of Stilesville; Luellen is the wife of Ernest V. Ellett, of Jefferson township, and they ha\e two children. Pearl and Metta; Cornie Lewis married Lena Sechman, lives on a farm adjoining his father on the north, and is the father of three children. Frank, Lucile and James Mahlen ; \'ita, the youngest of the children, is at home with her parents. Mr. Buis has never had much time for public affairs, but during the nineties he served six years as trustee of Mill Creek township. gi\ing a very satisfactory and efficient administration of the duties of the office. He possesses a genial disposition, the spirit of hospitality being in constant evidence in his home, and he is well liked by all who know him. lie is a strong Democrat, but has not been an aspirant for office or public notoriety.

Jesse Thom.As Horn

One of Putnam county's highly respected citizens was Jesse Thomas Horn, who was born in Wayne county. North Carolina, November 25. 1848. In the winter of 1855 his parents. John and Celia (Bogue) Horn, came to Indiana and located near Winchester. Randolph county, and in 1856 moved to Cloverdale township. Putnam county. He began teaching school when seventeen years old and taught several terms. His father died in 186S and Jesse then engaged in the mercantile business in Cloverdale until 1877, part of the time as a partner with Frank Bandy. In 1879 ^e went to Greencastle and clerked in the Walnut Street Hotel for several months, then spent some time in the old home in Xorth Carolina, returning to Greencastle and made a trip to Tennessee by team. In September, 1880, he engaged in the hardware business in Cloverdale, selling out in 1881, then moved to Owen county, Indiana, buying a farm in Jackson township, where he remained until August, 1886, when he rented his place and returned to Greencastle, and entered the real estate business with \V. S. Cox.

Air. Horn married Nancy Cox in 1867; she was the daughter of William yi. and Hannah Cox, of this county, and her death occurred in 1875, leaving two children, Rosa E., wife of Jesse Hubbard, and Annie F., deceased. In 1878 Mr. Horn married Lizzie ]M. Hubbard, daughter of William and Catherine Hubbard, of Putnam county; she died in 1881 without issue. Mr. Horn was again married in 1883, to Hilary H. Hubbard, a sister of his second wife, and they have four children, Viola C, Ora Catherine, Joseph Howard and Jacob.

Jesse Horn was a member of Cloverdale Lodge of Masons, of which he was secretary for several years. He was also past noble grand of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows at Cloverdale. His father was born near Goldsboro. North Carolina, in 1820 and in 1855 the family moved to Indiana, locating in the northeast part of Cloverdale township, Putnam county, where Mr. Horn died February 16, 1862, at the age of forty-two years. He was a member of the Methodist church from early youth until his death.

Mr. Horn's mother was born near Stauntonsburg, North Carolina, and came to Indiana with her family about 1855. After the death of her husband she remained on the farm and managed it without aid of administrator or guardian for her children. When her husband died, all but one of her nine children were sick with measles ; that son, taking the measles three days after his father's death, did not recover. The mother bore her burdens with Christian fortitude and by judicious management kept the children together, giving them a pleasant home and rearing them in comfort and respectability until thev could go out into the world for themselves. She was a devout and earnest Christian.

Mr. Horn was a man whom everybody respected, for he lived a conscientious and straightforward life, was kind, neighborly and always ready to do his duty in all lines of citizenship.

The career of Xathan W. A'ler happily ilhistrates the fact that if a voung man possesses the proper attributes of mind and heart, with the abihty to direct the same in proper channels, he can attain for himself not only material success but gain an honored place among the factors that shape the destinies of communities. His life proved that true success in this world depends upon personal efforts and consecutive industry in the pursuit of some specific and honorable purpose; it also demonstrated that the road to positions of influence among men. whatever the relation of life may be. is open to all who may possess the courage to tread its pathway, besides serving as an incentive to the young of the present generation, teaching by incontrovertible facts that true excellence in any worthy undertaking is ambition's legitimate answer.

Mr. Ader was born in Putnam county. January 22. 1S48. the son of David and Elizabeth f Aldridge) Ader. a complete sketch of whom is to be found in another part of this work.

Mr. Ader was educated in the common schools and the Ladoga Academy, later attended Phillips Aca<Jemy at Andover. :\[assachusetts. He was a very close student and recei\ed a splendid education and he always kept well abreast of the times in matters of not only current import, but also literary and scientific.

Believing that merchandising offered special inducements for him, he accordinglv opened a dr}- goods store at Bainbridge, this county, in 1869, which he conducted in a very successful manner until 1879. becoming known during that decade as one of the leading merchants of this locality. In 1872 he erected a substantial brick block in Bainbridge.

In 1881 Mr. Ader went to Florida, remaining there several years, meeting with varied successes, returning to Putnam county at the death of his father. He later became the owner of a part of the old family homestead, which he placed under modern improvements and on which he erected a very attractive, commodious and nicely furnished residence, surrounded by a wellkept lawn, and standing at proper convenience are numerous substantial outbuildings. He kept some good stock of various kinds, being especially fond of good horses. There is a fine flowing well on the place. All in all, the farm is one of the most desirable in the township and it has been so well managed that its soil is as fertile as ever.

and she herself a lady of refinement and such engaging traits as to be a favorite with a large circle of friends. This union resulted in the birth of two children, namely: Lily R., born Xovember 19, 1876, now living in South Dakota; Charles E., born May 11. 1870, and now living in California.

Mr. Ader's second wife was known in her maidenhood as Martha A. McKee, whom he married on November 15, 1883. She is the daughter of AVilliam and Lucinda (Yates) McKee, a fine old pioneer family. Mrs. Ader's grandfather, Samuel McKee, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and Mrs. Ader is a member of the noted organization, Daughters of the American Revolution. Her brother, Melvin McKee, was a circuit clerk of Putnam county for a period of eight years, during which time he won wide notoriety. Mrs. Ader is a well educated, refined and affable woman, who makes friends readily and always retains their good will. Mr. Ader's death occurred suddenly, on May 10, 191 o, at Indianapolis, while he was seated, resting, in a store in that city.

Mr. Ader, in his fraternal relations, was a member of the Free and Accepted Masons, Lodge No. 542, at Groveland, this county, having become a Mason in 1872, joining Bainbridge Lodge, No. 75. He filled all the offices from tyler up ; he was also a Royal Arch Mason and had attained the degree of Knight Templar. He took an abiding interest in Masonry and stood high in its circles, which is criterion enough that he was a man of proper principles and that his neighbors and friends were justified in placing explicit confidence in him, without fear of having it betraved.

James P. Hughes

Putnam county figures as one of the most attractive, progressive and prosperous divisions of the western part of the great Hoosier commonwealth, justlv claiming a high order of citizenship and a spirit of enterprise which is certain to conserve consecutive development and marked advancement in the material upbuilding of this section. The county has been and is signally favored in the class of men who have controlled its affairs in official capacity, and in this connection James P. Hughes,- one of the best known attorneys of this section of the state, demands representation, as he is serving this county faithfully and well in a position of distinct trust and responsibility, being an active, vigilant and potent factor in the local body politic. While yet a vouns: man he has achieved a brilliant record at the bar, at the same time win- ning a reputation for industry and integrity. He is a close student, solidly intrenched in the principles, routine, technicalities and the complicated machinery of the law, careful, painstaking and conscientious, his creed being that professional success depends on work - hard, unremitting, indefatigable work. He always stands upon a logical outlook ; is a reasoner, dissector and analyst, and to such as he the future augurs much in the way of success and honor; yet with all his ability he is entirely unassuming.

In the early part of the last century, among the many conscientious and liberty-loving people who came to this country to escape the intolerable civil and religious conditions of Ireland, there was a boy named Peter Hughes. When he first came to this country he worked as a stone-mason on the National road, which was then being built through this county, and many of the fine arches which are yet standing were partly the work of his hands. He later settled on a farm about six miles east of the city of Terre Haute, and at the time of his death, in 1893. was the owner of the valuable tract of land upon which he had lived for many years. He married Ellen Dickerson, a daughter of one of the early pioneers of Vigo county, who was a native of Ohio. The Dickerson family was prominent in Vigo county and had much to do with the making of its history. Eleven children were born to Peter and Ellen Hughes and of these eleven, one was named George \V., who was born in 1846.

Gei^rge W. Plughes, at the age of seventeen years, enlisted as a soldier in the Eleventh Indiana Cavalry and the One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Regiment. He served imtil the close of the war and at the time of his discharge was first lieutenant. In 1869 he was married to Hessie Ferrel, daughter of James and Nancy Ferrel. who at that time lived near Cloverdale, this county. Tames Ferrel was a native of Ohio. He came to this state, in the early part of the last centun,'. with his parents, who settled near Terre Haute. Xancy Ferrel is a daughter of John P. Sinclair, one of the pioneers of this county, who came here from Kentucky in 1823 and that year Nancy Sinclair Ferrel was born on what is now known as the Frank Allee farm in Warren township, and which is located about two and one-half miles north of Cloverdale. Mrs. Nancy Ferrel is still living and resides part of the time with her daughter. Hessie Hughes, on the Hughes farm north of Cloverdale and within one mile of the spot where she was born eighty-seven years ago. She is no doubt the oldest native-born citizen of this county.

After the marriage of George W. Hughes and Hessie Ferrel they went to housekeeping on what is now known as the Hulman farm just east of Terre

Haute. They lived in Vigo county until 1875, at which time they moved to Putnam county and located on a farm three miles south of Cloverdale. In 1880 Mr. Hughes bought a large tract of ground one and one-half miles north of Cloverdale and resided on this fann until 1893. I" November. 1892, he was elected treasurer of Putnam county and re-elected in 1894. He served as treasurer from September, 1893. to January, 189S. Mr. Hughes was one of the most popular and efficient officers Putnam county ever had and was widely known as a man of honor and integrity. After he retired from office he mo\ed to his farm and lived there for a few years and again moved to Greencastle and died here on the 9th day of April, 1905, leaving as his heirs, Hessie Hughes, his widow; and Minnie \V., wife of D. B. F. Hurst; Curtis K., assistant cashier of the Central National Bank; James P.. whose name forms the heading of this article; Forest, who has a position with the Terre Haute, Indianapolis & Eastern Traction Company; and. Birch, who is a student in DePauw University.

James P. Hughes was born in Vigo county, December 18, 1874, and spent his youth on his father's farm near Cloverdale. After obtaining a good primary education, he entered DePauw University, from which he was graduated in 1898 with the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy. Shortly afterward he became a student in the Indiana Law School and was graduated from this institution with the degree of Bachelor of Laws. It is thus seen that Mr. Hughes has a thorough training for his profession. In October of 1900 he was admitted to the bar of Putnam county and immediately entered into the active practice of his profession, to which he has since devoted himself exclusivelv. In March, 1902, the county commissioners appointed him court attorney, which position he held for three years. From 1905 to 1907 he was deputy prosecutor under Prosecuting Attorney Curtis G. Scofield and he was elected prosecutor for the thirteenth judicial circuit in November, 1906, and re-elected in November, 1908. by the largest majority that any candidate for prosecutor of this district had ever had up to that date, which fact testifies to the popularity of Mr. Hughes as an officer. His term of office will expire January i, 191 1.

In April, 1908, Mr. Hughes formed a partnership for the practice of law with John P. Allee, under the firm name of Allee & Hughes. This firm is known as one of the strong legal firms of this community and it has a large and extensive practice. Mr. Allee and Mr. Hughes are both recognized as strong and able lawyers.

On January 17, 1907, ^Ir. Hughes was married to Alayme Gainer, daughter of Tohn Gainer, deceased, and a native of Greencastle. She is a charming woman in the home, and is also a woman of business ability, having for four years held the position of deputy auditor under County Auditor C. C. Hurst. Mr. and Mrs. Hughes have one child, James G., who was bom May 24, 1909. JNIr. Hughes is a member of the Methodist church and INIrs. Hughes belongs to the Catholic church. He is a member of the ^lasonic order, the Elks and Knights of Pythias and has held the highest offices in these orders. He also belongs to the Delta Upsilon fraternity, a college order, and in politics is an enthusiastic Democrat.