Randolph County, Indiana - Biographical sketches (2 of 2 so headed), 1914 (part 4 of 20)

The first mail route was from Deerfield to Granville, Delaware county, once in two weeks, out and back on horseback in 1843. The first mill was built by Anthony McKinney on the river below Fairview where Woolverton's mill now is. He had first a saw-mill, then a corn cracker, afterward a grist mill. He built the dam in' 1838. The saw mill began work in 1839, the corn mill in the fall and the wheat mill in 1 841 or 1842. The first school was in the winter of 1&37 in a little round log cabin near Fairview on the river bank. The first meeting was held in that same log cabin. The first church was built of logs for the Methodists about 1839 in Fairview. About 1844, a quarterly meeting was held at Thomas Hubbard's. Their house- had just been built and had ho floor and the sleepers served very well for seats. Methodist meetings used to be held at Nathan Godwin's. Christian (New Light) meetings were held at Martin Smith's. The schoolhouse now standing is the third; the first was log, the second frame, the third brick. The first brick house was either Samuel Caylor's or William Ore's. The first brick kiln was a small one of thirty or forty thousand for chimneys, burnt by Thomas Hubbard. Samuel Caylor burnt his own brick. The first reapers in the township were J. B. McKinney's and Philip Berger's. Mr. Berger's started first. They were the Kirby reapers and the time was 1855 or 1856.

The first threshing machine was run by Philip Stover of Delaware county. It was a falling beater and chafif-piler. He threshed first for old Elijah Harbour and then for Philip Berger.

The first justice was John Garringer in 1838. ' People say that he kept his docket on slips of paper and stuck them in cracks in the logs of his cabin and that nobody but himself could read them. The first burial in Fairview graveyard was that of an old lady, Mrs. Shirley, mother-in-law of Reuben Eppart. Mr. Godwin laid off the glaveyard. Thomas Powell was buried in what is now J. B. McKinney's pasture before 1838. The spot is unknown. The first wheat in the settlement was raised by Thomas Hubbard, three acres, producing sixty bushels. Flat-boats and pirogues used to float down the river with apples, pork, flour and what not. One spring five boats came down loaded with charcoal. They were, stove in and the coal was lost. One broke in pieces going over McKinney^s dam. Mr. Hubbard set out an orchard in 1840, getting the trees of Joab Ward, at Ridgeville.^ There were one hundred and twenty trees and he gave nine dollars a hundred, bringing them down the river in a canoe. The brick kiln of Thomas Hubbard was the first. William Ore, Samuel Caylor and J. B. McKinney each burned his own bricks for his house. There are no brick factories in the township, neither are there any tile factories, though much ditching has been done. However, there are no long company ditches made under authority of law. No pikes had been made in Green township, strange as the fact may- seem, till the summer of 1880. The people there made a beginning upon the east and west road leading from Ridgeville to Fairview, an old thoroughfare laid out some fifty or more years ago.

There are no railroads through the township. Three roads run near, but none touch its soil. Fairview, the chief town, is but a short distance from several railroad points, but is itself cut off from all. Several bridges have been erected in Green township, one iron bridge at Fairview, one bridge north of Steubenville, one south of Emroettsville and perhaps others, all across the Mississinewa river. Although the settlement of this region was so late that much of the forest still remains standing, yet many of the residents have acquired comfortable fortunes and substantial and even elegant homes. In Green township may be found, in fact, perhaps the most costly dwelling in Randolph county, that of John B. McKinney, Esq., opposite Fairview, of a peculiar style, unique but elegant and very expensive, said to contain forty rooms. The people of Green township are mostly moral, upright, industrious, frugal and thriving in their dispositions, character and habits.'"

Berlin. - Location, on south side of Mississinewa river, section 4, town 21, range 12, opposite Fairview. B. Mann, proprietor; Moorman Way, surveyor; recorded December 13, 1833. ' Town extinct. "Died horning." It seems that the proprietors of Fairview and Berlin played at "cross purposes," and Fairview won for the time. Berlin had, in truth, two years the start and still she "lost."

Emmettsville. - Was laid out some years ago but no ' record has been made of the plat. It is located a little north of Mississinewa river upon the Deerfield and Fairview state road leading from Greenville, Ohio, northwestward. The town is now extinct. The German Evangelical church alone remains.

Fairview. - The town was laid out in- 1838 by Thomas Hubbard, Samuet Boots. Nathan Godwin and Daniel Culver. It is located on section 4, town 21, range 12, near the northwest corner of the township and of Randolph county as well, on the Deerfield & Ridgeville road, which extends northwest past Emmettsville and Fairview into -Delaware county. The ground on which it is built is finely rolling, unusually so for Randolph county. The business of the town began about as follows : Alex Garritiger had a little store at his cabin south of the river and he moved the goods over to the site of the town and "set up" in 1839. Mr. Garringec also started a smith shop. He had had a shop over at his farm but he changed locations. He was not a smith himself but maintained a shop, hiring his workmen. Mr. Harris was the first physician in 1842. He was also the first postmaster. Mail was carried once in two weeks on horseback from Deerfield to Greenville, Delaware county. A little cabin was used for a schoolhouse in 1837-38, standing near the river bridge on the north bank. A log church was built about 1839. The town grew gradually and not very slowly and it came to be quite a stirring place. There were at one time (1845 to 1850) three or four thriving stores, two smith shops, three hotels and considerable other business of various kinds. The years during the war witnessed the greatest activity in goods. There were heavy stock trading and much other business. Fitzpatrick & Wilson drove and fed stock largely. Bridges: There are three large bridges hear Fairview, all of- them over the Mississinewa. One is directly at Fairview, crossing over the river to the residence of J. B. Mc- Kinney, Esq., and constructed of irOn. One wooden bridge near, Samuel Caylor's. One wooden bridge near Evans'.

RockingJiam.-T^The. village was laid out in 1833 by William R. Merine and recorded in 1836. The town had so slight a growth and so early a death, few have ever so much as heard of it or had the least idea of its location. John Ford, however, who nioved to the county in 1839, residing on Elkhorn in Green township, said that a good store was kept. So that Rockingham lived its brief life not in vain and spent all its days in accomplishing good to the surrounding region.

Steubenville.^Israel Wirt, Jonathan Green, proprietors. It was laid out by Israel Wirt and Jonathan Green in 1840. It stands upon sections 13 and 14, on the south side of the Mississinewa river,, though not very near to that stream. There'were once a tanyard, a store, kept by Israel Wirt, a smith . shop by Julian and four or five houses. A cemetery lies near the place which is still in use and in resaonable repair. The town never did much business, nor was it ever prosperous and it has been entirely dead for years. The Green consolidated school stands upon the site of Steubenville.

Philip Barger was born in Fayette county, Ohio in 181 5, His parents were Virginians who left that state on account of slavery. His father died when Ph'ilip was young. Mr. Barger came to look at the country in 1846, and entered land in the fall of that year (one hundred and forty-five acres). He married Elizabeth Strong October 4, 1838, in Delaware county, Indiana, came to Randolph county, Indiana, to live and settle October 24, 1838. They have had seven children. . His wife died August 7, 1877. He was by occupation a farmer and has also held several public trusts. He was township assessor, justice of the peace four years, county commissioner two terms. He was one of the board that built the new court-house and satisfied that it did right.

Monroe Township. - For years the settlements seemed to find White river an impassable barrier. For half a generation after settlers had begun to pour into the southern half of the White river valley, scarce a solitary pioneer had ventured across the stream into that uncouth wilderness. In fact the first entry within the bounds of Monroe township was not made until seventeen years had passed away after the first entry in the valley of White river. The entries, even at that time, throughout that region, were few and scant enough as given below : Monroe was mostly taken between 1835 and 1838 inclusive, chiefly during the years 1836 and 1837. Two entries, forty acres each (as above), were made in 1833, three in 1834 and three in 1835 to. June 17. Eight entries, embracing four hundred and forty, acres - five forties and three eighties - comprise all the entries up to June 17, 1835, throughout the entire extent of Monroe township. It may be' inter- estirig to know where these eight pioneer entries were : John Rody, one mile south of Morristown, forty acres ; Jeremiah B. Reed, on West Branch of Elkhdrn, five miles northwest of Farmland, forty, acres; Philip Baughn, on same branch of Elkhorn, one and a half miles below Reed's, eighty acres; Morgan Mills, one-half mile north of Morristown, forty acres; Bernard Kerr, on Elkhorn, right below Reed's, eighty acres; Joseph Smith, at the Methodist Episcopal church, on West Branch of Elkhorn, above. Reed's, forty acres; Henry Rash, just south of Morristown, forty acres; Abraham Garst, one mile southwest of Farmland, and one and a half miles northeast of the mouth of Cabin creek, eighty acres. Three of them were near Morristown - one north and two south of it. Four were above the West Branch of Elkhorn to its junction with the East Branch. One was southwest of Farmland. About that time it would seem that several had come in, perhaps selecting their claims and settling previous to making entries of their land. From one who came in in 1835, we obtain the following statement of settlers living in the region in 1835 '> Jeremiah B. Reed, near Rehobeth meetinghouse; James Harvey, north of Rehobeth; Mr. Carr, north of Rehobeth, on the Isaac Thornburg place; Samuel Smith, on the Adams farm, north of Rehobeth; Philip Booker, across from Abram Hammer's; Isaac Garringer, on the State road, north and south; Jonathan Flood, in 1836, near Hopewell church, a Protestant Methodist minister; John F. Wood, William Wood, in northwest corner of township; Moses Marks, north of Parker; John Baughn, in the edge of Delaware county, who was married twice, and has had twentysix children - seventeen by his first, wife and nine by the second; John B. Mills, north of Shiloh; Andrew Cortner, west of Shiloh. Other settlers on Elkhorn, northwest of Farmland, were : Messrs. Hammer, Booker, Adams, Garringer, McCarney, Peter Hester, etc., etc. Eli Hiatt came in and settled one-half mile south of Farmland in 1836. Isaac Garringer "planted his stakes" on Elkhorn, three miles northwest of Farrnland, about the same time. Peter Hester came on Bush creek in 1830, perhaps the first on Bush creek. Mr. Bowers bought out Mr. Hester soon after. In fact. Green township was settled before Monroe, 640 acres being settled in 1832, in six entries; thirteen entries made in 1833 comprising 920 acres; seven entries made in 1834, including 600 acres; and eight entries in 1835, covering some 400 acres - or thirty-four entries in all with about 2,560 acres; or,, in both townships, forty-two entries with 3,000 acres. And of the whole number, only five contained 160 acres and they were all in Green township; twentytwo were forty acres each and fifteen were eighty acres each.

comprising a fine body of land, which, though late in settlement from difficulty of access, has richly rewarded its hardy and enterprising settlers. The surface was originally covered with a heavy growth of timber of the kinds common in the region, much of which still remains, to furnish in these latter days of increased demand and improved market facilities, a rich source of wealth to the present owners of the farms located in the township.

The first school in the southwest part of Monroe is mentioned in the account of Thomas Wallace. lit the northwest part of the township, on Campbell creek, Jacob Jones came in 1838, three miles north of Parker. At that time James and William Wood and George Burkett had already settled in the same region, coming in 1836. jThe first school in that region was in Delaware county, in 1839, one and a half miles west of Mr. Jones'. The first school in that neighborhood in Randolph was taught by old Mr. Flood, a brother to Rev. Jonathan Flood.

The first meeting-house in the neighborhood Was in Delaware county, built in 1841 ; but there was a log house used for meetings before that and the first Sabbath school was held in the log house, Jacob Tones being superintendent then and also after the new house was built. ~

Morristown, Parker Postoffice

Location, sections 16 and 17, 20, 12, in the western part of Monroe township, near Delaware county line, on the Bee Line railroad. William E. Harris, Joseph Lewis, Allen. W. Lewis, proprietors. T. C. Puckett, surveyor. Recorded November 15, 1851. Eighty lots. Morristown (John; Jones' Addition) - John Jones, proprietor. Eight lots. Recorded April 2, 1857'. Location, upon the . Bee-Line railroad, west of Farmland. Morristown seems to have been laid out some months before Farmland was, November 15, 1851, and Farmland July 28, 1852.

The first store in Morristown was ovyned by Andrew Devoss and Milton Harris. The first smith shop was by Joseph Thornburg. The first shoemaker was Peter Deal, in 1854. The first cabinet shop was opened by William Fleming in 1854. The first saw-mill was by W. W. Jones in 1853 or 1854. The merchants have been Devoss & Harris, Thomas Aker & Harvey Harris, Thomas Lewis, Brown & Meeks, James Russell, Lake Andrews, Joshua Rector, Thomas Johnson, Thornburg & Gunkel, Dotson, Devoss. Dotson & Devoss, Daugherty, Daugherty & Scott, Scott, Brown, Dotson, N. C. Simmons, J. H. Byrd, Davis, Cline. Drug stores - Edward Reece and Noah Basley, during the war. The first physician was Martin Connor, in 1854

- Parker is a small but somewhat energetic place, injured somewhat by being so close to Farmland on the east and Selma on the west. However, it holds a share of the business. There are three religious societies - Methodist, Christian and Friends. Parker is a live, progressive town, being supported mainly by agricultural interests. Parker has all kinds of business welj represented, good homes, churches and schools. '

Farmland. - Location, sections 13, 20, 12, and sections 18, 20, 13, on Bee Line railroad, west of Winchester, one mile north of White river, in Monroe township. Recorded July 28, 1852. Henry D. Huffman, William Macy,' proprietors. One hundred and fifty-two lots. Streets - Mulberry, Main, Plum, north and south; William, Railroad, Henry, east and west. Peter S. Miller's Addition - ^Ten lots. Peter S. Miller, proprietor. Recorded October 29, 1870. Macy & Groom's Addition - David Macy, Robert H. Grooms, proprietors. Grooms, five lots, south; Macy, eight lots, east. Location, south and east of Farmland. Recorded January 24, 1862. The first store was owned by Jonathan and Aaron Macy, standing where Stanley's store now is. Wesley Keener built a house and sold it to Miller & Ford, who kept a store in it for many years. J. Macy & Sons had a tin shop in 1855. Another tin shop was started in 1851 by Ludwick. Jonathan Macy started also a smith shop, hiring hands to run it. The first hotel was in 1858, by Price Thomas, but it soon ran through. Jonathan Macy sold his dwelling house for a hotel. Macy sold his store to Joel Thornburg, who, for a time, carried on a large business. Stanley & Robbins took the place next. Stanley bought out Robbins. The first grain-buyers were Miller & Ford and Macy & .Sons. The latter quit, but Miller & Ford kept on. Stanley Robbins also undertook the business. Before the war, Thornburg & Burris bought grain for three or four years and quit. James S. Davis began in about 1871. Jonathan Macy began a hardware store in 1867, continuing four years. Mr. Barker set up a harness shop about 1870. George Watson has owned a grocery in Farmland for fifty years. The first physician was Doctor Keener in 1850. .

Farmland was organized as a town in 1867, with five wards. Farmland is one of the most progressive towns in the county. It has three churches and splendid schools. It is a splendid business point and is thoroughly upto-date in every respect.

Until the commencement of the Bee Line railroad little improvement had been made north of White river excepting in the immediate vicinity of the Mississinewa river and the route of travel had been south of White

Three towns were established on this road, two of which," Morristown and Farmland, have already been discussed. The third one was Royston. , I Royston existed only as a matter of record, no lots were ever sold or houses built. The success of Farmand, one mile west, was the doom of Royston. Just why this is true is difficult to understand as Royston was surveyed and established one year^ before Farmland, and seemingly, on a better site for a town.

William Broderick was born in Hamilton county, Ohio, in 1809, came to Randolph county in 1853, married Mary Dtigan in 1836 arid resided -two miles north of. Farmland.

Elias F. Halliday was born in 1824. He came to Wayne county, Indiana in 1832 and to Randolph county in 185 1, residing near Farmland. He was a merchant from 185 1 to 1861 ; county treasurer from 1861-1865 and county commissioner from 1876-1882. Mr. Halliday was identified with, most of the business enterprises of Farmland and Monroe township.

Abram Hammer was born in Pennsylvania in 181 7, moved to Lioking county, Ohio, in 1828 and to Randolph county in 1838; married Nancy Harbour, daughter of Rev. Elijah Harbour, a pioneer of Greensfork township, in

Cherry Grove, Randolph county, in 1825 ; he moved south of Farmland in 1837, afterward removing to Franklin township. Mn Harbour died in the fall of 1880, age seventy-nine years.

William Macy, born in North Carolina in 1802, married Lucy Diggs in i829rat which time he moved to Randolph county. Mr.- Macy was the father of Capt. William W. Macy, one time sheriff of Randolph county. Joseph Macy, born in North Carolina, in 1808, and came to Randolph county in I 1820 and married Sarah Hobson. David Macy, born on Lost creek, Tennessee, in 181 6, married Priscilla LeuUen in 1836 and moved to Farmland in i860. (See biography of J. W. Macy.) Aaron Macy, born in Henry county, 1829,. and moved to Farmland in 1852. Jethro Macy, born in Henry county 1825, moved to Randolph county in 18^4.

\ Mathew W. Diggs, born June 20, 1840, was the son of Armsbee Diggs, who settled in this county in 1817. Mr! Diggs moved to Farmland in 1865 and engaged in the harness and saddlery business. Mr. Diggs is one of the most respected citizens of Farmland and one of its oldest.

Judge Peter S. Miller, born in Farmersburg, Pennsylvania, February 6, 1 808, and located in Randolph county in 1839. Mr.. Miller is a miller by trade and at one time owned and operated the "Bond Mill." Mr. Miller was elected justice of the peace, at the expiration of his term of office he was elected judge of the Probate Court, which position he held four years. He then engaged in the mercantile business in Farmland and served -as postmaster and agent of the "Bee Line" railroad. He afterward purchased a half interest in a drug store and later took into partnership Mr. L. A. Gable, a son-in-law. Mr. Miller was a live, wide-awake, enthusiastic citizen, very much in favor of public improvements and was instrumental in establishing the "Indianapolis & Belief ontaine railroad."

John A. Moorman, born August 19, 1820, Richmond county. North Carolina. He was brought to Randolph county in April, 1822. Mr. Moorman was a man of unusual ability and enjoyed the confidence of all who knew him. He was elected representative to the State Legislature in i860 and proved to be of splendid assistance to Governor Morton. He served in the Civil war as First Lieutenant and Quartermaster of the One Hundred and Seventeenth Indiana. He was again elected to the Legislature in 1876 and was one of those who voted favorably for the bill to erect the present State House.

Joseph Meeks, born December 29, 1834, in Virginia, and moved to Randolph county in 1837. Mr. Meeks was a stock buyer and no doubt bought and shipped more stock than any other man in Randolph county.

Reuben C. Shaw was born March 14, 1826, in Boston. Mr. Shaw moved to Randolph county in 1855, after having crossed the plains to California in 1849. Ml"- Shaw has written a splendid description of those times and an interesting story of his life.. Mr. Shaw was a very successful' man, being what we sometimes call a "long headed Yankee."

Samuel Wright, borti September 29, 1832. Mr. Wright began work as a carpenter when nineteen years of age and continued to work at that during his life, except when engaged in the Civil war. Mr. Wright has the distinction of being one of the most successful carpenters and builders of his time.

Adam Slonaker was born in Virginia in 1824; moved first to Ohio, then to Randolph county in 1855. Mr. Slonaker served this township as trustee and county commissioner, both with equal credit.

Un-Ion City

In the spring of 1849 ^^^ ground on which this enterprising town has since been built was owned by a settler by the name of Augustus Loveland. There was on the tract scarcely a sign of alteration or improvement by human hands. Mr. Loveland, its owner, had a little opening and a cabin house and a log stable.

The Messrs. Smith (Jeremiah and Oliver H.), having succeeded in establishing the Bellefontaine railroad upon its present route, conceived the idea of building up a town at the state line. Accordingly, the Loveland tract was purchased by Jeremiah .Smith in May, 1849, and steps were immediately taken for the survey and platting of a town site. The growth of the place was rendered more certain by the fact that the railroad from Bellefontaine to Indianapolis was built by two companies, and in those days goods had always to be trans-shipped at the termination of each road. About the same time, moreover, measures were taken which were effectual to change the route of the road which had been projected, and upon which much work had already been done from Greenville to Winchester, so that the junction with the Bellefontaine route should be at the state line, thus securing at oncethree important outlets to the embryo town - east, west and south - even before the new city had begun to be, except in the brain of those who had sO shrewdly planned and inanaged the whole affair. And besides, a road was planned and built from Columbus to Union City, thus making four roads to start the town with, which, m those times, was an immense advantage.

The town was surveyed and platted some time between May arid December, 1849, ^s the land was purchased in May and the plat was recorded in December of that year.. The lots were offered some time in the winter or spring of 1850, and, among other purchasers, David Teeter became the owner of a lot in the projected town. At the time of that purchase (February, 1850), no buildings were on the original site of Union City but the cabin, and the stable of Augustus Loveland, as above described.

There was a house north of Division street, between Howard and Columbia, not far from where old Mr. Carter used to live. It was occupied by a Mr. Ricard. The eighty-acre tract was owned by a Mr. Crumrine, and Ricard rented it. Samuel Carter bought the land afterward of Mr. Crumrine. On the lot purchased by him, David Teeter proceeded, shortly afterward (say March or April, 1850), to erect a dwelling. That edifice was at the southeast corner of Oak and Howard, and has long been known as the Star House. It was the first building erected in Union City. Mr. Teeter did not live to finish it. . He had been feeble in health for some time, and he grew worse, and died in May, 1850. The house was sold to Benjamin Hawkins and he finished it. Mr. Montgar lived in it a while; "No other house was built in 1850. The second house was put up for Henry Debolt. It was a frame, and was built by John Teeter in the spring of 185 1, and it stood near the present site of the opera house.

The third was a one-story frame building. Daniel Weimar took the contract, and John Teeter and Hezekiah Fowler built it for John Frazier and Jack Downing, intending it for a saloon. They used it for a year, perhaps, and quit. Those twb houses were the only ones - built in 1 85 1 ; but in the spring of 1852, things began to open out pretty lively. Four railroad tracks weer rapidly concentrating upon that point in the woods on the Ohio line, all of which were soon completed to Union City, but the western end of the fourth (Union City to Logansport) had to wait for several years.

The people, in the spring of 185^, seemed to begin to realize the situation, and many appeared determined to become masters of it, if possible. And so, early in 1852, settlers began to arrive. As already stated, there were just three dwellirg-housts - the eriginal Lopelancl log mansion, the Star House (unfinished), and the house built for Henry Debolt. But by July, 1852, several houses had been erected and several residents were on the ground. -

Alfred Lenox, one of the earliest residents, said that when he came, Jiily 2, 1852, the residents on bothsides of the line, but mostly in Ohio, were Messrs. J. D. Carter, Montgar, Dr. John Diehl, W. A. C. Dixon, Jacob Livengood, John Hayes, Schultz Hayes, Henry Debolt, Miller, John

The demon of liquor proved itself worthy of its ancient name on its first introduction into the town, created a great row, and caused the discharge of seventeen railroad hands soon after that grog shop was opened. That sa-

Abram Hoke, R. B. McKee, Dr. J. N. Converse, Benjamin Hawkins, Mr. Searl, Enos Turpen, Simeon Branham, William Anderson, Samuel L. Carter, R. A. Willson and doubtless many others, came in 1852 or early in

Business first began near the point where the Deerfield and Greenville wagon road crosses the Dayton 9nd Union railroad. J. J. Turpen was weatherboarding there a building for a store in July, 1852. He set up the store, of which he had charge, the goods belonging to Mr. Ward, contractor on the Piqua road, in August, 1852, the first on this ground. John D. Carter had built a saw-mill and cut the first log about April i, 1852. Alfred Lenox had the first grocery, October to December, 1852, near the Deerfield Crossing. He had a fine run of business, but his partner left, and, having no spare time himself (Lenox was working hands on the Dayton and Union railroad), he sold the goods to a Greenville firm in December, 1852.

Mr. Livengood had built a boarding house, perhaps the first on that ground, just opposite the store building above mentioned and east of the Deerfield road, and was boarding scores of hands who were working on the railroads.

Quite a village had grown up befween the months of September and December, 1852, near the Deerfield Crossing, as though business might perhaps take hold at that place. But it did not do so. That point proved to be away from trade, and business left that spot and wandered westward. A strong effort was made to establish things in Ohio, near the mill, brewery and foundry. Mr. Carter had built a saw-mill. David Fruits put up an immense four-Story frame, intended for an opera house, hotel and what not, but he soon "got through his pile," and his.great frame stood there for a time, projecting far into the upper air, and nicknamed the "deadening" by the neighbors, until at lengtn somebody bought it, took one story from the top and finished the rest for use [Orr House]. Before long a grist-mill, a brewery, a foundry, etc., were erected, a store or two was started, and heroic efforts were made to hold the town in the Buckeye state. But all would not do. General business could not be made to "stick" over there, but it insisted on fleeing across the line and building its cozy nest in the balmy Hoosier state.

In fact, the original intention of the projectors was that the town should be in Hoosierdom, and their plans could not be readily thwarted. Besides, to make assurance doubly sure, Mr. Smith purchased forty acres of land directly on the state line, on the Ohio side, and held it vacant, refusing to sell to anybody any of that tract, thus utterly preventing'the Ohio side from building up to the business of the Indiana side. And that gap between the two corporations continued for about twenty years, until the supremacy of Union City, Indiana, was supposed to be. so firmly established as to need to fear no rivalship.

About January, 1853, Courtney Hayes started a grocery across the track from the old Orr Building (Ohio). There were several residences in Indiana, and a hotel or two had been started but no other business had yet begun there. In February, 1853, Benjamin Hawkins built a frame house on the Indiana side and put in a stock of dry goods, and Jesse Paxson became his clerk.

The plat was corrected and enlarged, the plan being radically changed, ^ the angle of the streets being made different, the lots smaller and more numerous, etc. The new plan and plat were recorded February 6, 1854, more than four years after the first -was made. In the new plat there were 483 lots. The streets are mostly not "square with the world," but run at a considerable angle, the northward streets veering toward the west. The north and south streets (beginning with state line) were as follows : State Line, Union, Columbia, Howard, Plum, Walnut, High (and Broadway, east of the Branham House, from Pearl to Chestnut, across the depot). The east and west streets, -beginning at the north, were Division (directly east and west). Hickory, Oak. Pearl, Smith, Chestnut. Smith street is on the railroad, and Chestnut is south of the railroad. The streets are eighty feet wide, except Smith and Broadway, which are 100 feet and Division and State Line, which are much narrower than eighty feet. The alleys in the original plat are thirty feet wide. Large additions have been made from time to time (about eighteen or more, in all) in Indiana, till the entire town in that state covers nearly a mile square - perhaps rather more than that.

About 1853 Mr. Searl built a building east of the Branham House for a grain warehouse. The grain business rose, almost at a bound, to immense proportions. Hundreds of wagon, loads have been in waiting at once, and the ' grain men had to work day and night to keep up with the business. Grain was hauled from Recovery, from New Corydon, and from within six miles of Richmond. The second warehouse was built by James White, but it was burned in 1857, before it had stood a year.

In 1855, three years after Union City began, there were six dry goods stores^ - Messrs. Lenox, Turpen, McFarlan, White, Hawkins and one other.

There were in early times some saloons in Union City (Indiana side), but Alfred -Lenox routed one, and Simeon Branham another, probably in 1855. This (Indiana) side of the town has never taken kindly to saloons, and, for the most part, has kept them out. Union City, Ohio, however, is sufficiently infested with the nuisance.

The first house erected was the Star House, by Mr. Teeter, in 1850. The first hotel was the Forest House, built July 2, 1852. The first store was that of J. J. Turpen (Ohio side, Deerfield Crossing), August, 1852. The first grocery was by Alfred Lenox (Deerfield Crossing), October to December, 1852. The first store, Indiana side, was by B. Hawkins, February, 1853. The , first grain house was by Hawkins & Searl, February, 1853. The first railroad agent was R. A. Willson, opening the first set of railroad books in Union City. , He managed all three of the roads for some tiriie. The Bee Line was two roads for awhile. The first cars from this place were loaded with grain by Hawkins & Searl, on both roads. J. E. Paxson set up the first boot and shoe store in 1856. William Anderson set up the first blacksmith shop in August, 1852, and his shop is running yet ( 1881 ) . The first hardware store was by Dukemineer & Maloy. The first stove store man was a Mr. Smith (or Evans). The first millinery establishment was by Mrs. Bennett. The first drug- store belonged to Simmons & Hill, 1854 or 1855. The first livery stable was by Alfred Lenox, in 1855: The first book store was set U]5 by Espy & Steele. The first bank was the First National Bank, Edward Starbuck, president, 1865! Kuntz & Willson began their lumber yard in 1867. Kirschbaum & Company began their store in 1865. W. K. Smith began the shoe business in 1859.. J. D. Smith set up his jewelry store in 1865. The first public school was taught in the winter of 1853-54, by George W. Brainard. The first church organization was the Methodist Episcopal, in 1852. There were four members, two on probation. The first preaching .place was Henry Debolt's house. The first Sunday school was in 1853; superintendent, Rev. J. T. Farson; attendance, twenty-five; place, old Bee- Line boarding car. The two first brick edifices are thought to have been Branham's Hotel, 1855, and the building on the southwest corner of Columbia and Pearl - erected .by I. P. Gray. The first sawmill was built by John D. Carter in 1852. The first grist-mill belonged to Hobbs (Ohio side), began in 1857. McMillan built a warehouse (Ohio side), and then it was changed into a mill by Hobbs about 1857. The first public school house was built in 1858. The first church was the Disciples church built in 1853-58. The first child born was Henry Debolt's, dead. The first magistrate was Esquire Evans. The first attorney was William P. Debolt. The first physician was Dr. Diehl, or perhaps, Dr. Twiford, 1852.

Official History

Union City, Indiana, was organized as a town, but no record can be found before 1863. The minutes for 1863 speak of ordinances passed in April, 1855. From that time to the city charter the officers were as follows: Presidents of the board of trustees, Messrs. Weddington, Lambert, Maloy, White, Hill, Cowdery, Swain, Cranor, Jaqua and Harris. The trustees have been Messrs. Maloy, Grabs, Simmons, William Branham, Weddington, Hake, Lambert, Koons, Gregory, Hill, White, Coats, Wiggs, Heitzman, Cowdery, Humphrey, W. K. Smith, Willson, Frey, Cranor, Gist, J. Dye Smith,- Mathes, Jaqua, Knapp, Johnson, Ewen, Kerr, Ladd, Harris and Frank. Clerks of the board, Messrs. Reeder, Swain, Gregory, Beall, Smith, Lambert, Wiley, Johnson and Converse. Treasurers, Messrs. Cadwallader, Polly, Coats, Anderson and Johnson. Marshals, Messrs. Sutton, Harkrader, Murphy, Nickey, Mason and Headington.

Union City maintained its organization as a town until 1875, when it was chartered as a city, being one of the first in eastern Indiana to take advantage of the state law granting city charters 'to towns of its size.

: Mayors of Union City, Indiana (it is impopssible to give dates because of the variations in the terms of the mayors) : Lorenzo D. Lambert, elected in 1875 ; James B. Ross, Theodore Shockney, I. G. Stall, Charles H. Cadwallader, Frank H. Bowen, Samuel R. Bell, Wilfield S. Murray, Thomas Jones, Samuel R. Bell, Clarence S. Pierce, G. A. Rosenbush, Charles S. Hardy, Charles I. Williamson, William Harris and Charles D. Reitenour.

Councilmen, since the city corporation was created, have been Messrs. Coddington, Pierce, Koons, Stall, Harris, Frank, Doty, Wetz, Reeder, Bowersox, Castle, Rubey, Witham, John D. Smith, Jones, Vestal, Ladd, Nivison, Masslich, Frey. The following form the present council: Milo F. Oliver, George Hueber, William Keagy, Henry G. Rosenbush and Fred Schmidt.

Union City is today a thorough progressive city and all lines of business are well represented, and it is noted for its fine homes, churches, schoolhouses and public buildings. The city and vicinity support three substantial banks that would be a credit to a much larger city than Union City, and the same can be said of the general stores, for jt is very uncommon for people that do (65) shopping' to' any extent' to leave iUhioH City to do same. The city -has ari excellent equipfneiit of stores; such as grocery, drug, harness, dry goods, clothing, millinery; boot, shoe, etc., and said business is conducted by a live and energetic class of business men. -

Union City has been noted for years for its manufacturing interests, principally in the "Go" Hiie: "This branelfOf the industry is" represented, first, by thelloss Carriage Manufacttiising Company. "This company was established in 1866 by George W. Ross, aild'was operated by Ross & Horney. They were succeeded by Ross & Hardy, who, in turifi,' were succeeded by Ross & Anderson. The company" was incorporated as' a" stock company,' with a capital' stock of $24,000.00, in 1899, and employs at this time an average of twenty-five men per day. It has a yearly output of fifteen hundred vehicles, not including a great afnount of repairing, repainting ; in fact, all kinds of repair work. This has been a! very valuable industry for Union City, and has been one of the institutions that has given the' city a standing as a manufacturing city.

The Union City Carriage Manufacturing Company was organized in 1881, with a capital stock' of $100,000.00. It is a mammoth cohGem,' employing one hundred and twenty-five men, and has a yearlyotitptrt: of five thousand buggies and carriages. They'have' a "brOad' territory for their output and the excellence of their product makes them a leading factor in the buggy trade of Indiana, Ohio 'and Illinois. " "'"

The latest brgarii'zation of Union City is the Union City Body Company, which has recently "been organized, with a capital Stock of' $75,000.00. This concern employs eighty-five fflen a:nd has a yearly outputof 2,500 bodies. They manufacture, principally, "auto bodies, wi'th" metal panels. The tremendous demand for automobiles has made this one of the most valuable companies in eastern Indiana, artd itscapital'stock rates very- high 'in the market. Thev sell to manufacture only and cover the middle west as their' territory.

Union City was one of the first cities of the state to own and operate its own water system. The excellence of the system and the financial benefit that it has been to the city certainly speak well for the policy and management of thfe people who have had it in control. The first well' for- this company was sunk in the south part of the city to- a depth of something like. twenty-three feet. The bottoni of the' well is at a vein of gravel something like fifteen feet deep, below which is a Stratum- Of a hard pan from six to eight feet deep. From that there alternates layers of clay and quicksand to atf unknown depth. The capacity of this well was about 180,000 gallons per day, which amount was at various times taken from it. The second well was a surface well thirty-nine feet deep and thirty feet in dia.meter, built in 1883. The third well was driHed as a ga^ well, but no gas being obtained the well was plugged and used as a water well, coming from a depth of 235 feet, and is eight inches in diameter. Date unknown. The fourth and fifth wells were drilled by Charles Guthiel, of, Winchester, in 1900, and are three hundred feet deep, diameter ten inches. Sixth well, drilled in July, 19 14, is 221 feet deep, and ten inches in diameter. The water from these wells is analyzed every six months by the state board pi health. The following is the analysis made May 23, 1914: Odor, none; color,, 16; turbidity, slight; sediment, much; free ammonia, .0020,; albuminoid ammonia, .0020; nitrates, .0030; nitrites, .0001 ; chlorine, .6; hardness, 34.8; iron, .01; colon bacilli, none. After giving the above anaylsis. State Chemist Barnard added the following sentence, "This is good water."

Mains. - The first mains, laid in 1873, were of pine logs, with iron and coated with pitch. Sizes, fen inches, eight inches, six inches and four inches. Of this kind there were four and three-fourths miles laid. Some of this main is still in use. The plant has been extended so that at present there is about nineteen miles of .mains.

Service. - There .are one hundred and seven fire hydrants. Consumer service is -partly by meter and partly by "flat rate." There are 900 meters in use and about 400 use the water by "flat rate." Total services, 1,300.

Equipment. - The first building was forty feet square, and a Dean pump of Indianapolis was installed. .. Its capacity was 900 gallons per minute. The city, as well as the installers, became embroiled in a law suit over the use of a patent governor. The city lost its suit and a judgment for $5,000.00 was returned by the courts againstit. .This plant had two water tube boilers which furnished the power. These were in use aboyt twenty years. In 1893 the' boilers were replaced by two new return tubular boilers, and the pumping force was increased by the addition of a Duplex Pa,ttern pump, whose capacity was 1,500 gallons per minute. It -was so arranged that the old Dean and the new pump were used in d,uplicate. In 1898, because of not being able to get the water from, the wells in sufficient quantity, an air system was installed.

In 1913 the old building was torn down and the plant rebuilt. Two new return tubular boilers of 100 horse power each, a new Cross compound condensing pump, with a capacity of 900 gallons per minute, were installed. The old Dean was discarded and the Duplex pump was rebuilt and is used in duplicate. At this time an air compressor of the Cross compound type was also

It miglit be said further that the new plant has been inspected by experts and pronounced a model. The total equipment was appraised or inventoried, the plant at a total of $1 15,000.00, which does not include the Ohio side mains. There is included in the plant a reservoir for fire reserve. It was built in 1908, is 60x80 feet, and has a capacity of 360,000 gallons. It is entirely covered and is thoroughly sanitary. %

Financial Statement. - When the plant was first operated and for some few years, it was necessary for the council to vote money from the general fund to the water works fund. Then, upon the extension of the plant, it furnishes a very substantial revenue to the city. At the present time the surplus is being used to extend the plant. Last year the revenue reached almost $10,000.00, and the operating expenses were about $5,000.00. When it is remembered that the city pays no charges for fire hydrants or aijything of the kind, this is a splendid showing.

E. S. Pettus, the first superintendent, did much to make the plant a success, and the work he began is being carried forward successfully by the present superintendent, Charles F. Smith.

Nathan Cadwallader was born in Warren county, Ohio, in 1826. His father moved to Greensfork, Randolph county, Indiana, in 1833. He was an active, thriving man, but he died in 1840. Nathan was the only boy, and but fourteen years old. He "gc^uged along" after a "fashion," borrowed a horse sometimes, etc. He did most of the work that was done, though his sisters helped what they could in loading, cleanihg gfain, etc. They cleared grain by "flapping" it on a sheet, and had to haul everything on a sled. A wagon was a luxury not to be thought of. Two brothers, Thomas and Abner (his father), came together, and settled west of Arba. Mr. Cadwallader attended' school at Winchester Seminary, under Professor Cole, twelve weeks. To show the primitive simplicity of those times, it may not be amiss to state that when Professor Cole advised his aspiring country lads to invest in a box of blacking and a brush and to try their qualities, Nathan obediently procured the articles, but was utterly at a non plus, because he had no knowledge of the modus operandi, never having seen an application of the stuff. He taught school four terms; was clerk for Needham, Mauzy & Company; bought out/ Mauzy and sold goods at Spartanburg ; bought out Needham and sold at Newport three or four years; was partner with Raiford Wiggs at Union City; went to Cincinnati, in the firm of Gray, Cadwallader & Wiggs, as wholesale grocers; returned to Union City, and, with Col. I. P. Gray, established the Citizens Bank

1^1865. This was reorganized (same name), under Indiana la\y, in 1873, la^fl he was made president. Mr. Cadwallader was state senator in 1876 and 1880. He has been twice married, first to Elizabeth Celinda Mauzy, then to Sarah Griffis (1854). He has three children. Mr. Cadwallader is now a resident of Winchester and a highly respected citizen.

Rev. .Thomas Colclazer was born in Washington City in 1811, and came to Coshocton county, Ohio, in 1827. In 183& he married Hannah Johnson. From his early boyhood till. he threw down his hammer and took up the Gospel tftenpet, he was a blacksmith. He was converted to Christ at a camp-meeting (^^owdy's fork, in the north part of Coshocton county, Ohio, in 1829, under t^^preaching of the sainted Bigelow. Shortly afterward, in 1830, he. was

Iremsed as an exhorter; in 1840, as a preacher, and. in 1851 he began to "ride circuit," his first work of this kind being at Deerfield and vicinity in 1851 and 1852. It thus came to pass that he was the earliest preacher at Union City, when it first began to be. His fields of labor in later years were Middletown, Henry county; Perkinsville, below Anderson; Bethlehem, sixteen miles east of Indianapolis; Alexandria, Philadelphia (west of Greenfield) and elsewhere. He died suddenly, in 1865, at Union City.

John Fisher was born in North Carolina in 1792, near the old "Guilford Battle Ground." He left that state in 1816 oa horseback, and rode alone (except two days' journey) all the way to Lebanon, Ohio; and (after five or six days spent in visiting friends there) to Wayne county, Indiana, having been fifteen days on the road - a pretty quick trip compared with the speed often made by families and groups coming through on a "moving" expedition. He entered 160 acres in the winter of 1816-17, worked about, put up a cabin, was married to Jane Starbuck September 16, 1819, by Adam Boyd, the only justice of the peace in Wayne county at that time. There were no justices in New Garden township till 1822 or 1823.- Mr. Fisher and his wife began to keep "cabin" October 7, 1819; and they lived on that farm till January, 1866, more than forty-six years. They came to Union City in 1866. John Fisher was an orphan boy at six years old. His father died in December, and his mother in September, 1798. He was raised by an elder brother. His father had ten children, who all lived to be grown and have families. Jane Starbuck (his wffe) was born in 1803 in Guilford county, North Carolina. She came with her father, Edward Starbuck, to Wayne county in 181 7; John Fisher died at the residence of his son-in-law, Charles W. Pierce, in Union City, Indiana, February 8, 1881, in his eighty-ninth year.

E. J. Harshman, Union City, Ohio, is a native of Randolph county, Indiana; he was borri in J-ackson township, in 1842, the son of Reuben Harsh- man, an early settler, and one of nine children. He grew up a farmer's son, attending only the schools of the neighborhood. In 1862 he joined the FiftyfouJ-th Indiana Regiment at Indianapolis, and after the end of his term of service he was mustered out December, 1863. Hfe marriied Sally French in 1871, and they had three children.

Other citizens, who are not jnentioned, and who were factors in the making of Union Citywere Edmund L; Anderson, Charles- W. Pierce, William Anderson, blacksmith; William H. Andersonj lumber ; Adolphus Barnes, inerchaht; A. J. S. Bowers, merchant; John Butdhef, grocer; Robert- J; Qatk, banker; Jefferson Gist; blafcksmith; George Grabs, tailor; William Harris, manufacturer; Abram Hoke, carpenter; Seth Hoke, jeweler; Stephen H. Ladd, grocer; Robert B. McKee,' merchant; Jesse Patxon, merchant; Enos H. Turpen, grocer ; William A. Wiley, miller ; William T. Worthirigton. -

It woiild'be impossible, in a book of this tind, to give anjthing like an accurate description Of therridny numerous business enterprises carried on in' the hustling city of Union City.

The Witham Boweh Lumber Company, Peter Koontz Lumber Company, FraiikE. Rohr Lumber Company, Knapp Supply Company, Pierce Elevators, Kirschbaum Clothing Company, arid many other enterprises would deserve more mention than space would allow here.

Union City has maintained a constant growth and a wholesome business atmosphere, and will no doubt continue to hold a position of first importance with the business cities of the state. -

County-Seat, Winchester

The legislative enactment creating Randolph county was approved by Governor Jennings January io, 1818. This,'among other things, provided for five commissioners to "establish the seat of justice" in Randolph county and this further provided that these co'minissioners might receive donations of land, the proceeds of which were to be used for public affairs. These locating commissioners met in August, 181 8, and fixed the county-seat at Winchester.

They received as donations to the county land as follows : Charles Conway, sixty acres; John Wright, fifty acres; David Wright, ten acres; David Stout, eighteen acres ; Daniel Petty, twenty acres ; making one hundred fiftyeight acres from five men. This land was all' located in sections 20 and 21, township 20 north, range 14 east, being the present site of the city of Winchester. Winchester was the first town established in the county.

The commissioners held their first two meetings in the cabin of Benjamin Cox, east of where the Friends church at White River now stands. Their third meeting, held December 6, 1818, was "a. special meeting of the board of commissioners in .the town of Winchester for the purpose of the lettir^g to the .lowest bidder the building of a court house, jail and stray pen, ;in : said tqwH*" From thisjt ig. evident, that Winchester assuiped. the name almost as soon as the county was organized..: .^ 3.. : ;. .-,. ji -« 1;:, u ;.[:Mtich.of the;following account of Winchester has been taken substantially from "Manuscripts" by Honorable Jere Smith, who came ta Randolph CQuntyjin Augusts Ii8i7,-.and'resided,therein for more than fifty years until his death]. \ -. . : . . -. ; _, -. : c , , ,^ ,, ;

._ Lots were laid out in the fall and winter of 1818. The first sale of lots took place, February, 18JL9... The whole- plat was an unbroken forest, a primitive wilderness, heavily timbered, with a thick undergrowth. It was riec^ssary to put the court house on blocks eighteen inches high to keep. -.the> (building above water. A large oak, three feet.- .'through, stood for years on- inlot No. 9, east front'. It was. cut down in 1825 or .1826, and the stump was standng- thei-e in state when Judge Smith built the Franklin Hqusc; in 1839. The comraisisoners, Messrs;- Cox,- Overman and, James, and Paul W. Way, agent, had agreed upon the plan of tJae town. -.Overman and -Way were both surveyors-, backwoods fashion. Charles Connor, who was -also, a "half surveyor," , had a little stiff -armed compass, four-inch 'face, and an old two-pole chain,, tied;, witfi -leather and tow strings. Paul Way did the Surveying. As the commissioners were looking over the ground to locate .the public squjare, Charles Conway told Judge Smith that Old EH Overman stuck down the Jacob-staff, saying, /'Here shall be the northeast corner of the public square," and there, it was.i and ther.e it is, and is to be, unless, seems;not very unlikely in these latter days, some city "engineer" shall take it into his overgrown- head to plant ne^^ cornets and turn town, streets and all ''awry." ; ; ,,.

The first house built was a round log cabin, one-story high, "scutched down" after it was raised, and before:the rafters, were put up. - It had a clapboard roof and a clay and stick chimney. Mr; Smith says, "Ldo not know, who built the house, but .Martin Comer owned it and lived in it a long time. It stood -on inlot No. 9, north front, and wasrbuilt in the early spring of 1819. The second house was put up by Thomas Wright, father-in-law of John Coats, in the spring and summer of 1819. In the summer, and fall of 1819, James McCool, a blind man, put up upon inlot No. i,-.west front, a good, two-story hewed-log house. When I first came to Winchester =(1819), it was the.hotel of the town, kept by the blind man,. McCool. When next I came, James Oldham, hatter, kept' tavern in it,-, and a -hatter's shop-back of it. Old Esquire Odle owned it afterward and built a little frame store at the north, end and a

In the winter of 1819-20, James Oldham, the hatter, built a good hewedlog house, story and a half, on inlot No. 11, southeast square ; and in the spring of 1820, Alvin C. Graves built a round-log cabin on lot No. 14, in the southeast square.

The hewed-log court-house and the Banta jail wer§ built in 1819-20. In that year (1820), Judge John Sample built the first frame house, a small oner story building, on lot No. 3, east front. He set it on the west line of the lot, some distance south of the northwest corner of the lot. It would seem from this account that there were (1820) seven buildings in Winchester (if the Judge has mentioned them all). , .

Mr. Smith goes on, "The next- frame house was in 1&24-25, by David Haworth. It was on inlot No. 10, northeast square, where Jacob Elzroth lived so long and where he died.

In 1826-27, Abner Overman built a frame house on the northeast corner of lot No. 2, east front. He sold it to John Way in the fall of 1829, who moved into it and started a blacksmith shop and lived there the rest of. hisdays. In 1823, Mrs. Mary Reeder bought inlot No. 2, west front, built a cabin and lived there some years. She then traded it off to Nathaniel Coffin for^nlot No. 12, southeast square. She (Mrs. Mary Reeder) was the "oldest inhabitant" of Winchester, in 1881, being at that time fifty-nkie years old. She was in the town seven years before I was, and ten years before Jesse Way. There were, I presume, other cabins and shanties put up in the town during this decade but I cannot now call them to mind.

Winchester would seem to have had an exceedingly slow growth, remarkaby so, considering it was the seat of justice of a county containing at the start 200 voters and increasing its population with considerable rapidity ; considering, moreover, that for ten years not another town was evien attempted within its limits.

Judge Smith appears to think that the dozen or so houses which he describes were nearly or quite all that had been built up to 1830. And information from several sources indicates that not more than a dozen farnilies were residents of the toAvnat the lapse of twelve years after the town had been platted. One jail and two court-houses had been .built. Court after court had been held ; jurors had heard cases in the court-house and determined their verdicts seated upon the stumps .and logs outside ; lawyers and judges and clients had threaded and waded and swam their way through the primal woods to -that frontier town ; but almost no town was there. But 'in those halcyon days small need was there of towns, people lived at home and made well-nigh everything they used, and had little occasion to buy anything which they could not make. The larger portion of the settlers had come from the Carolinas, where towns were "few and far .between," and what more need was here of such -things ?

It will be seen that up to 1830, Winchester as a town was not. much of a success. The business of the place was small,, the buildings were few and poor, the roads leading to it were new and bad, the people needed but little trade, and all went thoroughly on the slow order. The court sat and did whatever there was for them ; Charles Conway, as clerk and recorder, had all the county writing to do, which was not as much for the whole eleven years as has been since recorded in a single year. County offices were at a discount then. The sheriff could not, have done much, though he was collector and sheriff both,.. as the county tax for 1829 amounted to a stun less than $900. jurymen came and returned without any bills to find or cases to try, and were paid the magnificent sum of fifty cents per day [ and the associate judges maintained their dignity and satisfied their desires for food and lodging to the tune of two dollars per day.

First Things In Winchester

The first hatter's shop in Winchester (and probably in the county) was by Jarties Oldham, in the building erected by James McCool for a hotel. Mr. Oldham kept a hatter's shop and hotel. The first hotel was in the same buildmg, by James McCool, in 18 19, where the Peoples Loan and Trust building now stands. The first store was owned by Esquire Odle. It was not much of a store. The old house was burned in 1879. The first frame house (and probably first in the county) was built by John Sample, in 1820, upon Lot No. 3, East Front. There are doubtless more costly and splendid frame dwellings in Randolph county in 1914 than that was, but not one today which gave more solid comfort to the occupant than that same frame house, the first in Randolph county. John Way set up his smith shqp in 1829. There had probably ..been, some other, but the fact is novv beyond recall. Jesse Way began his store in 1832 or 1833. Mary Reeder came to Winchester in 1823, residing upon Lot No. 2, West Front, and removing afterward to Inlot No. 12, southeast square. The court-house and jail were built in 1819 and 1826, the one by

Abner Overman, and the other by Albert Banta. The public square was cleared of the forest trees by the )laborious process of "chopping- and burning. The work was performed in -1819 or 1820 by Daii^id Lesley ,.t'hien aiyoung'Man,. just come to the county, father of Daniel' Lesley,) former sckoolisupfiriMendent of Randolph county. The second court house (brick) was contractediio; 1826 ahd ready for occupancy in 1828. The first schoolhouse .was built: of logs,, with the ends projecting at the corners. It stood on groundiioccupied by the office of Dr. B. S. Hunt. Moorman Way had the first cabinet shop SErom after the establishment of the town. :M%Qritiah ^V^ay had : a. carding; roachimeivery early, run by horse-power (sometimes by ox-power). Daniel Petty also; had a carding -machine, east of town -on-Salt creek. It was driven !by-horsfi-po,wer, too. The first grist-mill in the county is thought by some to .have been: built >by William Wright, at the mouth of Salt creek, near Winchester... He, 'had "gray-heads" for mill stones, and his .wheat:^bolt was operated.-;hy hand, each customer bolting his own grist. The first justice of..the.peace may have been Esquire Odle, or John Wright - perhaps both at once in the township., Thonaas Hanna began selling goods, perhaps in 1824. His store was in a house at the west end of Thomas Ward's building. He continued in business four, years, and was bought out by Andrew Aker in 18281 The first. steam grist-mill (and the first in the county) was erected about 1835, byElias Kizer andi Daniel; Ha worth. That engine of theirs was the first steam-po.wer in the county, and in those days it was a sight to behold. : Probably the first wagon shop in Winchester, and in the county, was carried on by Thomas Butterworth, beginriing, perhaps, in 1836. Mr. Butterwarth had also a saw-mill, a carding machine and a grist-mill. The first religious denomination in Winchester was perhaps the Methodists. The first drug store was conducted by Dr. Woody, amd' was followed by "Rush '& Kizer,- in 1849. The first hardware store was- kept by- Mr. Briimer. AmOng the- early attorneys may be named Zachariah Puckett, Jeremiah Smith, Moorman Way and Silas Colgrove. The county seminary was opened for school March, 1842, under the instruction of Professor Ferris, then a young but active and enthusiastic t-eacher, famous-' for his -success in that line, but how sleeping lowbeneath the "clods of the valley." Winchester was incorporated as a town in 1838, thirty-eight voters favoring the measures, and none oppdsing it. - >:

The citizens of Winchester were for the most part genial, reliable men, but slow to make investments' for the betterment of the town. ' The growth of Winchester was exceedingly slow until about 1845, when the. prospects of railroads began to enthuse the people and attracted prospective purchasers of property. Business began to improve and new houses were built, streets: were made better and the entire attitude of its citizenship became more progressive. In 1853 the "Biee Line" railroad was built, Which gave new interest and life.

The town gradually grew in size and importance, aftd has 'at all times been the leading town and city of the county. Having, in 1910, a, population of 4,266.* It' was incorporated as a town in 1838 by popular Vote, thirtyeight votes being- ca:st in favor and none against. It was divided into five wards, 'vizi: First ward, northeast square, Elias Kizer, trustee;' second' ward, north front and -northwest square, Nathan Garrett ; third vfard, west front and- southwest square, Jererriiah Smith; fourth ward, south front and southeast square, John D. Stewart ; fifth ward, east front, Jesse Way.

- In 1848 a special bill was passed by the Legislature authorizing and providing for a new organization in the town of Winchester. The local records, however, are not obtainable. September 5, 1875, Thomas Ward; William D. Frazee and Thomas M. Browne, "the inspectors elected by the citizens of Winchester," appeared before the board of county commissioners and filed their certificate of an, election held in the town of Winchester. The commissioners made the following entry : "From which return and papers it appears to the satisfaction of the board that there were sixty-five votes cast at said election .and that sixty-one of said ballots had 'yes' thereon and three of said ballots had 'rio' thereon and that one of said ballots wais blank, and the board being satisfied of the legality of said election, order and declare that the said town has been incorporated by the name of Winchester." The first record in the city clerk's office is under the date of October 6, 1855. The trustees elected were Silas Colgrove, James Browne, William W. Smith, Simeon H. Lucas, Martin A. Reeder ; John Neff , clerk and treasurer ; Benjamin Ramsey, assessor and marshal ; James Browne, president of the board.

March 27, 1893, an election was held for the purpose of determining whether the town of Winchester should be incorporated as a' city, under the general laws of the state of Indiana, and a majority of the ballots were in favor of incorporating.

On April I St the town council divided the new city of Winchester into three wards and ordered an election to be held in each, whereupon the following were elected: W.S. Diggs, mayor; WilHam P. Needham-, city- clerk; John Coffin, city marshal; Union B. Hunt, William Y. Puckett, councilmen of the first ward ; Levi Slagle and Marshall F. Bailey, councilmen of the second ward ; Omar Ri Tripp and Stephen Clevenger, councilmen of the' third ward ; S. D. Coats, treasurer. Councilmen met and organized and elected : J. E. Hinshaw, street commissioner; Charles C. Yunker, civil engineer; Dr. F. A. Chenoweth, member of the' board of health; Jesse Canada, city attorney.

Mr. Diggs served as mayor until September 10, 1898, when he was succeeded by T. W. Hutchens. Mr. Hutchens was succeeded by Fermen C. Focht, in September, 1904, and he by ^^^alter S. Parry, September, 1906, followed by Carl Thompson, the first Monday in Januay, 1910, who was followed by the present incumbent, H. E. McXees, January i, 1914.

Mr. Needham served as clerk until September 10, 1898, when he was succeeded by Samuel D. Fox, who still holds the office. Mr. Coats continued as treasurer until the office was transferred by law to the county treasurer.

The city has been districted into wards in different manners during its history, at some times having six councilmen, two from each ward, and others ha^'ing five, one from each ward and two at-large.

The councilmen from the first ward have been : William D. Chapman, \\^illiam Y. Puckett, Perry Lea\'ell, Harvey E. McXees, Jacob E. Hinshaw, Link Reinheimer, James M. Browne, Clyde G. Hiatt and Bella N. Botkin. Those having lived in the second ward are : Marshall F. Bailey, Levi Slagle, Samuel T. Remmel, Louis Payne, Charles E. Magee, Robert B. Puckett, James M. Seagra\'es, Zachariah T. Romizer, Albert Xorton, Austin Burk, deceased April 16, 191 3, Edgar Bailey and Henry Abel. Those having lived in the third ward are : Omar Tripp, Stephen Clevenger, William Lenkensdorfer, Hiram D. Moorman, J. H. Kinkead, Bader S. Hunt, Orin H. Barnhill, ^^^illiam Horn, \\'. U. Davis, Russel Coats.

Present Business

^^'inchester at the present time has an excellent equipment of stores, such as groceries, drugs, harness, mercantile, millinery, tailoring, boots and shoes, etc., but a few that ha\-e begun in a small way and attained large proportions deserve special mention. C. W. ]Moore & Son, merchants. J\L L. Mills & Company, merchants, \\". E. Miller Company, merchants, comprise three of the best equipped general stores to be found in eastern Indiana.' The last two firms occupy their own building and ha\'e grown from smill establishments to mammoth ones. The W. E. Miller Company was at first \X. E. ]\Iiller, proprietor, who came from Ridgeville in 1880 and by strict application to busfness and catering to the tastes of the best class of customers became one of the leading stores in eastern Indiana. Mr. ]\Iiller organized the W. E. Miller Company, and has in a large measure retired from the active management of the affairs of the store.

The Goodrich Brothers Hay & Grain Company, with a capital stock of $100,000, was incorporated in 1898 and at this time owns eleven elevators and hay barns in Indiana, located at Winchester, Gaston, Farmland, Durbin, Snow Hill, Westfield, Jolietville, Gadsden, Chesterfield, Maiden and Boone Grove. This represents a valuation of $225,000.00. The plant at Winchester has a purifying plant capable of purifying 1,500 bushels per hour and a dryer with a capacity of 500 bushels per hour. The ccst of this plant alone was $100,000.00. In 1913 this firm shipped 968,802 bushels of grain, which with their other business represented a value of $1,000,000.00. They expect in 1914 to handle 1,250,000 bushels of grain. . Their plant has a storage capacity of 225,000 bushels. In 1913 they shipped 800 cars at a cost of over $25,000.00. This company is composed of J. B. Goodrich, president ; W. W. Goodrich, vice-president, P E. Goodrich, secretary-treasurer, J. P Goodrich and E. S. Goodrich. This company is the third largest to be found in the state of Indiana.

Another institution Avorthy of special mention is the Woodbury Glass Company. It is one of the largest institutions of its kind in eastern Indiana and the only Company of this kind doing business in Randolph county. This company was incorporated in 1893 as "The Woodbury Glass Company," located at Parker. The capital stock at that time was $10,000.00. The directors were: President, J. T. Wilcox; secretary, George Gadbury; superintendent, John D. Carter. This company was only fairly successful and not being able to meet its obligations promptly, stock was sold to Charles Dotson, J. W. Thompson and Albert Canfield, of Winchester. The new firm interested George E. Leggett, who was induced to take stock. Mr. Leggett was made secretary of the company in October, 1893, and in January, 1894, was elected president, which position he has continued to hold until the present time. Mr. Leggett also served as treasurer for a number of years, but the duties of the president became too heavy and he was relieved from the duties of treasurer. This company purchased the Davis glass plant in Winchester in the spring of 1904. The factory at Parker was moved to Winchester and the company reorganized with a capital stock of $275,000.00; $200,000.00 common stock and $75,000.00 preferred stock. The changes in the bottle business made it necessary for this company to add to its bottle factory a factory for the manufacturing of skeleton cases and special packages. At this time they have one of the best equipped factories to be found in the country. This factory has a capacity of 6,000 boxes daily. These two enterprises jointly give employment to 600 men. This factory has been the greatest factor in the business life of Winchester. One can readily see the importance of this when it is known that this company expends for labor over $300,000.00 per year. During the past year their output was 230,000, gross of bottles, representing a value of approximately $520,000.00. During 1913, 591 full cars of Avare and 2,873 local orders, or lots less than a car load, were shipped. This factory, togethei- with the Goodrich Brothers Hay & Grain Association, and other enterprises have made the Winchester freight office on the Big Four railway, the best paying office between Bellefontaine and Indianapolis. The officers of this company at present are : George E. Leggett, president ; W. E. Miller, vice-president; L. M. Kimmel, secretary; J. C. Leggett, treasurer; M. L. Somers, superintendent.

Some of the important factories that have existed in AVinchester and are now removed are : W^inchester Wagon Works, Gardiner & Horan Carriage Works, Knecht & Thomas Pump Works, A. G. Canfield Mills; Charles Guthiel Tannery; Winchester Manufacturing Company, organized October 31, 1881, capital stock, $25,000.00; John D. Carter Woolen Mills; W. V. R. Tooker Windmill Factory and Winchester Handle Factory.

Fire Department

The Winchester fire department is a "volunteer" department, more properly speaking, is part public and part volunteer. This company is housed in the City Building which was built in 1902, on the south side of Franklin street between Meridian and West streets. The company was organized upon the completion of this building with David Martin chief and Will Kizer assistant. Mr. Martin served for more than one year as chief and was a very efficient officer. He was succeeded by Guy Way, whose work has been so satisfactory he has been kept in constant service to the present time. Mr. Kizer served as assistant until 1907 when he was succeeded by E. P. Fulghum who still occupies that position. The employed fireman at present is Will Draher. The city keeps these three men employed. In addition to the services of these three on duty there are ten volunteer firemen whose duty it is to attend all fires when notified. A fire bell is the only necessary notification as they "drop everything and go." The volunteer men at present are: John W. Guenther, C. L. Summers, Walter Baker, C. O. Summers, C. H. Lennon, Kora Davis. Orville Ashton; Max Romizer, W.^S. Daly and Troy Lasley.

The equipment of the service is first-class in every particular, and consists of hose wagon, one reel, 2,200 feet of hose and six nozzles, one one-horse ladder wagon, four chemical cans and one Pyrene filler, a special apparatus to be used in case of gasoline explosion. The department has three well-trained horses in addition to the-above. The average time required to leave the depa'rtment after a call has been sent in is thirty-one seconds, which certainly speaks well for the efficiency of the fire chief and his helpers. The city is equipped with sixty-seven fire plugs situated in various parts of the city. During the year 191 3 twenty-nine calls were answered.

Winchester has no enterprise of greater value to it than its fire department. The members of this company belong to the Eastern Indiana Volunteer Association. Messrs. C. O. Summers and John W. Guenther, of the Winchester company have served as president of this association. The companies of the county belonging to this association are, Winchester, Woodbury, Union City, Farmland, and Parker. Winchester entertained this association in their annual meeting of 191 1.

Citizens Water & Light Company, Winchester

This company was organized in 1899 with a capital stock of $50,000.00, for the purpose of furnishing water and light to Winchester and the citizens of Winchester. This company was maintained as such until September, 19 12, when it was reorganized with a capital stock of $400,000.00, under the name of the Citizens Heat, Light & Power Company. The purpose of this company is to furnish water and light to Winchester and its citizens, but has, since its organization, constructed lines to furnish light to Farmland, Lynn, Ridgeville and Saratoga. Since the reorganization of the company the plant has been completely renewed. The gas and steam engines have been displaced by two Diessel oil engines known as the Internal Combustion Oil Engine. These are of 225 horse power each, sufficient to furnish any strain that might be put upon them with a plant of this size. The water pressure is maintained at forty-five pounds except in case of fire when a pressure of seventy-five pounds is maintained. The water is furnished from deep wells drilled into limestone or gravel. This water is analyzed by the state department at various times of the year and has always been found to be chemically pure. The directors of this company at the present time are : J. T. Moorman, president ; C. W. Moorman, vice-president; E. S. Goodrich, secretary-treasurer; George E. Leggett, W. E. Miller and E. F. Kitselman.

Gen. Browne Winchester, member of Congress from the Sixth District, was born at New Paris, Preble county, Ohio, April 19, 1829. His father, John A. Browne, was a native of Bucks county, Pennsylvania ; his mother, Hannah (Mauzy) Browne, of Bourbon county, Kentucky. His mother died in 1843, which calamity broke up the family circle. His father apprenticed young Thomas M. to Mr. Ralph M. Pomeroy, a merchant of Spartanburg, Randolph county, Indiana, soon after which he removed to Grant county, Kentucky, where he died in 1865. Influenced by the excellent character of his employer, Thomas M. rapidly gained a knowledge of business and formed correct habits. His opportunities for gaining a liberal education were very meager, being confined to a few weeks each year in the common schools of Spartanburg and one term in the county seminary at Winchester. In- 1848, he began the study of law with Hon. William A. Peelle, of Winchester, and in 1849 passed an examination in open court and was admitted to practice in the inferior courts of the state; two years later he was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of Indiana. On March 18, 1849, ^^ married Miss Mary J. Austin, of New Paris, Ohio. In 1850, when but twenty years of age, he was elected prosecuting attorney for Randolph county and after the adoption of the present constitution, he was three times elected prosecuting attorney for the 13th Judicial District, discharging the duties of that ofhce with marked ability and success until 1861. In August of that year, he made one of the most powerful speeches of his life on the "Crisis of the Country," in which many of his enthusiastic declarations seem now to have been prophetic. He was elected Chief Clerk of the State Senate at its session in 1861, and in the spring of 1862 he entered the United .States service as aide-de-camp on the staff of Gen. Thomas J. Wood, and served with that officer until after the battle of Shiloh. During the siege of Corinth, he was stricken with disease and returned home and only recovered after several months of great suffering. In October, 1862, he was elected senator for Randolph county and took a leading part in the debates of the stormy session of 1863, ranking as an able Republican leader. At the close of the session, he resigned the senatorship and assisted in recruiting the Seventh Indiana Cavalry (119th Regiment Volunteers), and was commissioned captain of Company B, but before leaving the state for active service was promoted to lieutenant-colonel of the regiment. He was soon promoted to the colonelcy of his regiment, and received the rank of brigadier-general by brevet "for gallant and meritorious conduct" from the hand of President Lincoln. In October, 1864, on account of his well-known legal attainments, he was chosen president of a military commission to convene at Memphis, for the trial of such causes as might arise in that department. The most important case that came before this tribunal was the trial of the famous guerrilla, Dick Davis. This trial lasted thirty-five days and ended in the comiction and execution of the culprit. In January, 1865, General Browne again took the field, and remained in active service until the final close of the war and the mustering out of his regiment. During the winter of 1865-66, he was in command of the troops at Sherman, in the department of Northern Texas, where his wise yet firm administration won golden opinions from men of all parties and he left behind him upon his return home many warm friends in that part of the "Lone Star State."

After he was mustered out of service, he resumed the practice of his profession at Winchester, Indiana, but was shortly after appointed by the President, United States District Attorney for the District of Indiana, the duties of which office he discharged with distinguished ability and success until his resignation in 1872. In 1872, the Republican party nominated General Browne for governor of Indiana. His popularity with his party being demonstrated by his distancing such distinguished competitors as Godlove S. Orth and Gen. Benjamin Harrison. It was indeed a proud triumph for the lonely orphan who had been left among strangers without money or friends at the age of thirteen, when that great convention called him to the front and placed in his hands the battle-scarred banner of union and liberty.

He made a most gallant campaign, but was defeated by Hon. Thomas A._ Hendricks, who carried the state by a very small majority. After the campaign of 1872, he formed a co-partnership with Hon. Jonathan W. Gordon and Judge Robert N. Lamb, of Indianapolis, under the style of Gordon, Browne & Lamb. They commanded an immense business continuing until 1876, when General Browne was elected to Congress by a majority of over fifteen hundred, in the then Fifth Indiana District, defeating that veteran Democrat, Hon. William S. Holman, who had served six terms, and carried his district at the preceding election by more than twenty-five hundred majority. General Browne was re-elected in 1878, maintaining his majority over the same gentleman and was again re-elect6d in 1886, carrying the Sixth District by about ten thousand majority. Upon entering Congress, he at once took rank as an able and discreet member.

John H. Cottom was born June 4, 1788, at Snow Hill, Maryland. His father moved to Kentucky when he was a lad of eight or ten years. John H. Cottom married in Kentucky, and moved to New Paris, Ohio, in 1812. They had four children, viz. : David J., Thomas F., John W., and James Samuel. John H. Cottom came to Winchester in 1843. He moved to Illinois with his son David, in 1856. He returned to Ohio and died near Cincinnati, at the home of his son, John Wesley, in 1875, aged eighty-seven years. David and John W., sons of John H. Cottom, came "to Winchester in 1843, and entered into partnership as merchants. From 1843 to 1856 they did an im- (66) mense amount of business - more than e\-er had been done before that time, and some think their business A\as greater than that of any mercantile firm even since that time. They were enterprising men, enthsiastic in business and wide-awake in whatever they undertook and were respected and useful members of society.

John D. Carter was born March 17, 1829, in Delaware county, Indiana. His father, Edmund D. Carter, emigrated from Maryland to Indiana at a very early date. He removed with his family to Ohio in 1829, soon after the birth of his son and in 1832, removed to Madison county, Indiana. In 1835 he again located in Delaware county, returning to Madison county a few years later. In 1838, he came to Randolph county, locating in Stoney creek township, and removed to Winchester in 1840.

Armsbee Diggs was among the earliest pioneers of Randolph county, and for many years one of its most active, and reliable citizens. He came here in the prime of a vigorous manhood and for more than a half century was identified with the development of the county, bearing his full share in pioneer hardships and contributing liberally to the encouragement of public improvement inaugurated in later yeai^s. He was born in 1795, in Anson county. North Carolina. About the year 1816, he married Mary Way, and in the winter of 1816-17, started with his young wife for the wilds of Indiana, reaching Randoph county in February, 181 7, and locating on the banks of White River. Here he addressed himself to the task of clearing and improving a farm, and although he was a successful and energetic farmer, he was an enthusiastic hunter and fond of the chase. In December, 18 17, his eldest son, Henry, was born. The latter was one of the first white children bom on \^'^hite river in this county, his only seniors being Fanny, daughter of William Diggs, and Lydia Wright. In the years that ensued, eleven other children were added to the family of Mr. Diggs. Mr. Diggs entered a tract of one hundred and seventy-nine acres from which he developed his farm. For the purpose of purchasing this tract he went on horseback to the land office at Cincinnati, with just enough money to pay for a quarter section; but upon his arrival he learned that the tract "overran," and it would be necessary for him to purchase the entire amount. He did not possess the requisite amount of money and had it not been for the kindness of a young man in the land office, he would have been compelled to return without a title to the land on which he had erected his cabin and where his family then resided. About the year 1850, he erected a saw mill and grist mill on AA'hite river, and for ten years or more was engaged in this enterprise, from which he derived a fair profit. He died in March, 1872, having lived to see the pioneer settlement develop into a populous

Henry H. Neff was a prominent citizen and active business man of Winchester and one of the most energetic workers in its public enterprise?. He was born Jtme 5, 181 5, near Eaton, Preble county, Ohio. His father, John Neff, Sr., was a native of Pennsylvania, and the descendant of German ancestors. His mother, whose maiden name was Susanna Gray, was a native of Virginia. Henry remained at home until seventeen years of age, acquiring at the common schools a good English education. In the fall of 1832, he went to Eaton, in company with his brother John, to learn the printer's trade, under the instruction of Dr. F. A. Gunningham and John Vanausdal, Esq., remaining until the spring of 1834. He was subsequently employed in the office of the Herald at Liberty, Union county, Indiana. While at the latter place, his health failed and he was taken home by his father to Winchester, Indiana. He remained at home until his health was restored and in July, 1836, accepted an engagement with Thomas Tigar, editor of the Fort Wayne (Indiana) Sentinel, remaining in his employ for eighteen months. In 1838, he returned to Winchester, Indiana, and engaged in the retail grocery trade. In the following year, he embarked in the drug trade with Dr. Robert Woody, at Winchester, and continued in this business for four years. On October 22, 1843, he issued the first number of the Winchester Patriot, the first newspaper ever published in Randolph county. He was elected representative from this county in the State Legislature in 1847. At the expiration of his official term, however, he pvirchased the paper from its new proprietors and resumed its management. In 1850, he received the appointment of deputy United States marshal, to take the census of Randolph county. In 1852, he was elected clerk of the Circuit Gourt for Randolph county, and at that time made a final sale of the Patriot office. In 1856, by the unanimous voice of the convention, he was again the candidate for this office and was elected by a majority of nine hundred. He was urged by Governor Morton to assist in raising a regiment for the United States service for the suppression of the rebellion. He entered enthusiastically into this work and was commissioned Captain of Company G, of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Indiana Regiment. The organization of the regiment was completed at Indianapolis and Captain Neff was promoted to the office of major. The regiment was assigned to the Twenty-third Army Corps, under General Schofield, leaving Indianapolis in March, 1864, and proceeding to Nashville. They were engaged in the battle of Wise's Fork, near Kingston, North Carolina, from the 8th to the loth of March, 1865. At this battle, Colonel Neff was bereaved of his son. Captain

J. L. Neff, who fell in the conflict, pierced by an enemy's bullet. He was conveyed to his home by his father and interred in the cemetery at Winchester, amid the tears and sympathy of the community among whom he had been reared and who knew him as a noble young man. His father had been comrnissioned Lieutenant-Colonel and after the funeral of the son, returned to perform his duty as a soldier. Mr. Neff engaged in the lumber business and was later chosen president of the Winchester Wagon Works Company. Winchester has had but few men of such great public spirit.

Martin A. Reeder was born in 1819, in Warren county, Ohio, and came to Randolph county, Indiana, in 1822, with his grandfather, John Martin. He was associated with the county in its pioneer period and kept pace with its progress, at the same time rising to prominence as a citizen. He was called upon to fill various local offices in early times, as well as in recent years, and in all capacities proved himself capable, efficient and trustworthy. He served as county assessor two terms, as county appraiser two terms, as township assessor two terms and three terms as township trustee. In 1875, he was elected by the Republicans as the representative from this county in the State Legislature, and in this capacity rendered valuable service. Among the bills introduced by him were the charter under which Union City now exists ; the act prohibiting the sale of ammunition to minors ; the exemption of the property of widows; the bill for the suppression of the liquor traffic, and the punishment of intoxication; and a bill providing for local option. In his early life he formed ideas antagonistic to the institution of slavery, and in his maturer years became one of the prominent Abolitionists of this community, co-operating with Daniel Worth, Dr. Hiram P. Bennett, Paul W Way, and others in this region who engineered and operated the '"Underground Railroad," and other agencies of a similar character and spent both time and money in the furtherance of these and other benevolent enterprises. He was married, in 1843, to Miss Elizabeth Favorite, daughter of Henry Favorite, of Maryland.

Asahel, son of Ezra Stone, was born June 29, 181 7, near Marietta, Washington county, Ohio, removing with his parents to Aurora, Indiana, in 1818, and to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1822. On the 23d of September, 1837, he was united in marriage with Miss Lydia B. Preston, at Finneytown, near Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1839, however, he came to Winchester and until the outbreak of the late rebellion, was engaged at the carpenter trade. On the 29th of May, 1861, he was appointed by Governor Morton as commissary general for the State of Indiana, and, on the 15th of October, 1862, was appointed quartermaster-general. In his official capacity he proved himself a superior man.

In the work of looking after the interests of the soldiers, securing and forwarding supplies, providing sanitary stores, nurses and medical attention for the sick and wounded, and in the discharge of all the varied and arduous duties of his position, he was zealous, patriotic and self-sacrificing. He rendered valuable service to the cause and great reliance was placed in his judgment and discretion by Governor Morton, who frequently commended him in his annual messages to the Legislature. His field of labor was varied and extensive, requiring executive ability of a high order which he developed in a marked degree. In his message of January 6, 1865, Governor Morton said : "The report of the quartermaster and commissary general is herewith laid before you, and your attention is especially called to its contents. The administration of this department by General Stone has been highly successful and satisfactory." After the close of the war, he returned to the farm in Randolph county, and for a while was engaged in agricultural pursuits. In 1865, however, he became identified with the banking interests of Winchester, an account of which is given elsewhere. In 1847, when only thirty years old, he was nominated by the Whig party of this county for the Indiana House of Representatives and elected in the fall of that year. In 1848, he was nominated as a member of the Constitutional Convention and was only defeated by four votes. In i860 he was elected to the Indiana Senate. The war and his connection with it here interrupted his public life, but after the restoration of peace he again became the standard-bearer of his party at the earnest solicitation of friends, and, in 1867, was again elected as the representative from this county in the General Assembly of Indiana. In November, 1881, he was elected secretary, treasurer and general managerof the Winchester Wagon Works. In the spring of t88o, he purchased and donated to the town of Winchester forty acres of land for a public cemetery. He purchased the ground at a cost of $4,000, and had it surveyed and platted at an additional expense of $300, and on the ist day of March, 1880, secured it to its purpose by a deed, signed by himself and his worthy wife, conveying the premises in trust forever to a Board of Control, to be used for the purpose designated. On the 3d day of July, 1880, a pubhc dedication was held, at which very appropriate ceremonies were held, and addresses delivered by prominent citizens of Winchester and others from abroad, and the park named "Fountain Park Cemetery."