Rush County, Indiana - Chapter 6, 1888 (part 1 of 2)

Chapter 6

Military History - The Campaign of i860 - Resolutions AND Public Opinion - Beginning of Hostilities - First Company for the War - Flag Presentation - Home Defense - A Lull in the Storm - Renewed Volunteering - Other Companies of Rush County Men - Public Opinion in 1S63-64 - Bounty and Relief - Men Furnished FOR THE War - Roll of Honor.

i^NATION'S wars form the most interesting of all its chapters in history, and its combats on the field of S/ battle are often struggles for existence and independ- , ence. This very contest for life itself, is sufficient to jlcreate the absorbing interest with which a people watch the country's warlike movements. But when feats of daring heroism, inspired by the most exalted patriotism, are added there is an additional halo thrown around the scenes of these confficts and they become consecrated to the cause that was victorious. The deeds of the heroes live in song and poetry; and the Nation bows in. reverence at the shrine of its illustrious warriors.

The Mexican War was the only one of importance in which the United States was engaged after Rush County was organized and before the Civil War. The majority of the voters of the county were opposed to the Administration that carried on that war and the enthusiasm in that behalf was not very pronounced. There were some men who joined companies from other counties but it is probable that no distinct organization of men from Rush County was perfected. The records at the Adjutant General's office are somewhat deficient in this particular and it was impossible to learn who the Rush County men were who engaged in that war.

The Civil War in the United States was of such gigantic proportions, and was brought about by so long a train of circumstances that have an exclusively national bearing, that a review in this place would be impossible and impertinent to this work.

The political campaign in 1S60, exceeded an}- of its predecessors for excitement and interest, and few, if any, have since equaled it. In Rush County, the contest was most vigorous, and the energy displayed by the politicians and partisans of the different sides was but a reflex of the larger national contest. Speeches were made here by a number of the leading men in each party. Rallies were held in all parts of the county. Nearly ever\^ township had its organization of " Wide Awakes " for the Republicans, and a " Hickory Club " for the Democrats. Night after night was disturbed by the fitful glare of torch-light processions, and the hoarse shouts of partisans. In the State election in October, Hendricks received a majority in the county of about eighty over Lane, the opposing candidate. The general result showed the election of Lane bj^ nearly 10,000 majority. From that time the fight was more bitter than ever. In November, the result in the State was still more disastrous for the Democrats. In this county, Douglas received 1,119 votes; Lincoln, 1,757 ; Breckenridge, 476, and Bell, 35. Lincoln was elected, having received iSo electoral votes out of a total of 303. Then came the news of the secession of the States, and many stout hearts began to fail and doubt the final outcome.

From this time on the situation became constant^ more critical. As, one after another the Cotton States passed ordinances, the hope of preserving the Union unbroken became more and more doubtful. The people all over the North held Union meetings, at which the various phases of all the leading public questions were iuWy discussed by the leading local speakers. In Rush County both Democrats and Republicans held such meetings during the first part of Februar}^, 1861. The Republican meeting was presided over by Jefferson Helm, Sr., as Chairman, and had for Secretaries Isaac C. Stewart and Andrew Hall. Addresses were made by Leonidas Sexton and Joel Wolfe. A committee on resolutions was composed of the following men: L. Sexton, B. R. Ward, William Thomas, Peter Looney, A. M. Sargeant, Henry C. Junken, George R. Kelley, Lewis M. Kitchen, George Gray, James Jones, Thomas Stuart and Henrv Myers. The following resolutions were unanimously adopted :

" J?csohrd, That we as Republicans, are not in anj^ degree responsible for the present disturbances, and we will not in the future do anything which will tend to disrupt the Union, violate the Constitution of the United States or oppose or interfere with the execution of anjr of the laws passed in accordance with the provisions thereof.

"J^csoh'cd, That we believe a complete and satisfactory remedy for all the present political troubles, is to be found in a strict obedience to the Constitution of the United States as it is and the laws now in force.

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That we believe the mere act of obedience to the Constitution and Laws of the United States by every citizen thereof, would at once restore peace and prosperity throughout the land; yet,if unloyal and dissatisfied citizens and disappointed political aspirants, require new guaranties of good conduct from us before they will return to their allegiance to the Constitution, man}' of them have sworn to support, for the sake of the masses of those States, we will cheerfull}' support any arrangement of compromise that may be acceptable to the country, which may be compatible with our honor, our principles and integrity.

That while the Republican party is not yet invested with power in the government, and in no position to make their propositions respected or acceptable, it is unreasonable and unfair to require or expect of them to settle our present political troubles, as is claimed by so many, indeed by all, opponents of that party; and it is the opinion of this convention, that until the inauguration of Lincoln, nothing more or further than a disposition to settle our political discussions, should be shown by Republicans, but that afterward, when in power, and in a position to propose terms that will command respect, the Republicans should show such undoubted fairness, such unquestionable magnaminity and such overpowering generosity as will reconcile all who are not traitors from principles. With the latter, there will be time and opportunity to deal afterward."

The Democratic meeting was addressed by R. D. Logan, who was at that time Judge of the Circuit Court in this district. The resolutions adopted were as follows:

" Resolved, That we are firmly and unalterably attached to the Federal Union, formed as it was by the wisdom of our fathers and baptized in their blood, and are in favor of its preservation at any sacrifice.

" Resolved, That we deprecate a government maintained by the sword, or union held together by the bayonet; as our fathers laid the basis of our national existence in the fraternal sentiment of the whole people, so we must restore harmonv by restoring these sentiments until in our political vocabulary there shall be ' no North, no South,' but one undivided famil}-, emulous only in acts of kind^ ness and charity toward each other.

" Resolved, That the olive branch, tendered by our sister of Kentucky, and embraced in the proposition submitted by Senator Crittenden as an amendment to the Constitution, or any similar basis of settlement, will, in our judgment, be endorsed by the people of In-

" Resolved, That under the present alarming condition of our country, we regard all persons, whether in Congress or out, who are opposed to compromise or in favor of coercion, as dangerous persons to be entrusted with power, as unfriendly to the Union and disloyal to her best interests.

" Resolved, That the people of the South, and especially of " Old Kentuck," in other days when our people were exposed to the ruthless savages, the tomahawk and the scalping knife, were our friends, neighbors and our brethren, and with matchless generosity and brave and daring heroism, rushed to our rescue, and while the bones of a single member of their gallant bands rest upon our soil we will remember the deed in acts of unmistakable gratitude."

At the close of the reading of these resolutions a " youth of tender years " proposed the following, which was adopted with the resolutions :

" A union of hearts and a union of Imnds, A union that none may sever, A union of lakes and a union of lands, , The American Union forever."

Such were the expressions of the two leading political parties in Rush County two months before the commencement of active war. At that time several of the States had already passed ordinances of secession and had done all in their power to put themselves outside the Union as it had been founded by the Fathers of the Republic. The country was distracted from one end of the land to the other. For many 3'ears the Southern States had been dominant in the affairs of the Nation, and when they saw the balance of power gradually drifting away from them, they were resolved not to give it up. The slavery question was, of course, at the bottom of the whole trouble. The south had grown rich and prosperous through its sj^stem of slave labor. In the north there had come into existence a party that was openly and avowedly opposed to slave labor, and many of its leading men were in favor of its total abolition in all parts of the Union. The election of Abraham Lincoln to the Presidency, as a leader of this party, was accepted b}' the Southern States as a menace to what they deemed their rights. No time could have been more auspicious in which to begin the secession movement than that which elapsed between the election of Lincoln and his inauguration. President Buchanan remained almost a passive spectator of this attack on the unity of the Nation. By some it was thought that he secretly sympathized with the southern movement, but there is now hardly a doubt that he was a genuine patriot at heart. His indecision and hesitation were fatal to the welfare of -the country, and in the end cost the people of the whole country much distress in a long and bloody war.

Early in February, 1861, there was a Peace Congress called at Washington for the purpose of fixing up the differences between the two sections of the country. This congress was composed of delegates appointed by the Legislatures of the several States, and was presided over by ex-President John Tyler, a delegate from Virginia. Indiana was represented by five delegates, among whom was Pleasant A. Hackleman, a citizen of Rushville. After a somewhat stormy session of several da3'S, this Peace Congress adjourned without having accomplished its object. Every effort to avert the impending calamity of civil war proved futile.

Those in the north who had supported Lincoln believed that when he took the helm of government that the secessionists would be stopped in their attempts to break up the Union. But after the new administration began and week after week went b\' without any apparent change, and the Southern States continued to go out of the Union, by conventions, without molestation, many began to doubt, the ability of the government to maintain the Union. Some went so far as to denounce the "Peace Policy," which it was supposed had been adopted. There were some of this class in Rush County. From the Rushville Republican of March 20, 1861, the following paragraph of editorial is taken. The paper was then edited by Andrew Hall, and this extract will serve to show the drift of public sentiment in this locality:

"The result of the 'Peace Policy,' then, in our view, is to abandon the property and sovereignty of the government in the seceded States, and to establish them as an independent nation. This may be better than civil war. To our mind it is infinitely better than the insulting dictation which proposes to change the constitution so as to make it secure the blessings of slavery to an aristocracy, instead of the 'blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity.' * * If the government takes no steps to assert its rights in the seceding States, the friends of the Union among the masses will have no banner to rally around, and that reaction which has been so confident^ predicted, cannot take place."

On the 4th of April the yacksoiiiaii in a long editorial headed, "Should, the President Recognize the Southern Confederacy?" said: "That it is a government possessing administrative, judicial and legislative powers, no one can doubt, and that it will be recognized by the various powers of the earth is now a settled fact. By evacuating the forts our government has at least indirectly acknowledged its independence. Why not do so formally? There are but two paths to travel; one leading to a peaceful recognition, the other to a forcible obedience, if, indeed, we have the physical power to compel submission, which is very much doubted b}- some, and certain!}' indicated by the action of the President in withdrawing the federal troops from their soil. To undertake the latter would be to drench the land in fraternal blood, bring upon us the contempt of other nations and bankrupt both north and south, and after the battles were over and the bones of our countrymen lay bleaching beneath a southern sun, an army must still be kept up, and the Government held together by the bayonet. This cannot be done, and that is an exceedingly short-sighted policy which would so change, or attempt to change, the fundamental under-strata of our political and governmental fabric from principles of love and friendship in which it was conceived, to that of might and power concentrated in a standing army." The editor, Mr. William A. CuUen, then proceeded to advocate the recognition, by the President, of the Confederacy with the hope that the erring seceders would in time see the folly of their ways and return to the Union, in which alone could be found the palladium of good government.

Beginning of Hostilities. - Nothing in Rush Count}' has exav exceeded the excitement that followed the news of the bombardment of Fort Sumter. For nearly a week people in every walk of life abandoned their callings and congregated in groups about the towns and villages, anxious to learn the latest reports from the scene of the conflict. They discussed, in their way, the various phases and probable results of the deed which had so fired their hearts. The first news reached Rushville on Sunday morning, April the 15th. Those who were wending their way to their respective places of worship, either turned aside to inquire further of the details, or pursued their course with little thought of their religion. Perhaps a short prayer was breathed for the preservation of the common country and the maintenance of the right.

It was not long before the President's call for yS'Ooo volunteers sent a cheering thrill through the Nation and the people gladly responded to the call to arms. Argument had now ceased and the questions that had so long agitated the whole land were to be committed to the stern arbitration of war.

On Wednesday evening, April 17, a meeting was held at the court house in Rushville, at which Col. Joseph Nichols, presided. Stirring speeches were made by Joel Wolfe, P. A. Hackleman and

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Other leading citizens of the place. A number of men volunteered, and after passing some resolutions adjourned until Saturday following. On that day a large crowd gathered at the court house and listened to speeches from Joseph J. Amos, William A. Cullen, William Cassady, P. A. Hackleman, Joel Wolfe and Rev. James Havens. The sentiment in favor of sustaining the government was almost universal among the people. One company of volunteers was made up and the enthusiasm indicated that more could have been done if necessary. Representative citizens of the county representing a million dollars worth of property pledged themselves to the support of families of volunteers, to which end full arrangements were made. After a long string of whereases reciting the unhappy condition of the country, the following resolutions were adopted:

" Resolved, That we pledge ourselves to aid and support the constituted authorities of this State and of the United States, in all lawful efforts toward putting down rebellion, to enforce the laws, and to maintain the Union of the States under the Federal Constitution at all hazards and at any expense.

" Resolved, That we are ready to furnish men and money for these purposes; and we pledge the resources of Rush County, to the State in any lawful and reasonable effort on her part, to sustain the government in the exercise of its legitimate and constitutional authority, against all opposers.

That the question whether the flag of the countiy shall be sustained or not, rises above all party considerations, and that every good citizen will be formed on the side of his government, giving his influence to uphold the emblem of its authority, and to maintain intact the old constitution under which the country has had prosperity at home and respectability abroad for more than seventy j-ears."

The company which was completed at that meeting was the first organized in the county for the Civil War. The original enrollment in the order in which the names appeared was as follows : N. Shaddinger, P. J. Beachbeard, J. P. Orr, J. M. Carr, W. J. Harris, O. A. Morgan, Joel Wolfe, J. R. Bell, Thomas Mason, Robert Mason, John Fox, John R. Carr, George W. Bates, John C. Ellis, Henry Dixon, Reu Pugh, Jr., Robert J. Price, Henry West, C. C. Flinn, Samuel Burns, R. D. Oliver, A. B. Harris, Oliver Carr, William Sheaff, Edward S. Gue, William R. Johnson, Lewis Michael, Anderson Levi, Thomas Lakin, James McCarty, William Burnes, D. C. Scull, John McGuire, Thomas Wallace, Patrick Biglan, Charles G. Shaw, Daniel Striker, J. A. Simmonds, C. R. Bolander, William B. Holden, J. M. Semple, WiUiam Carney, H. H. Guffin,

James Jordan, Thomas Crupper, B. J. Wilhelm, Henry Risinger, G. H. Cohen, J. C. Hawkins, Freeman WiUiams, Madison Kirkman, F. C. Bell, J. P. Fairley, Oliver Glore, Linsey Walker, James Stephens, William W. Mendal, Simon Cassadv, Lemuel Day, Benjamin Harney, Harrison Crawford, John A. Blair, James D. Blair, Martin Conway, W. O. Sexton, Barnard Kelly, J. W. Innis, G. W. Marsh, George Richey, Daniel Thom.as, H. P. Thomas, Henry Davis, Charles Gibson, William H. Young, Oliver Denning, Ezra C. Lee, William D. Hall, Nelson Hendricks, Jacob Wilhelm, Wes. Nelson, Samuel Miller, Marcus Thorp, James Brown, Samuel Lynn, Samuel C. Pegg, James Koonts, W. D. Woods, Charles Hummler, Robert Opterback, Charles Callahan, Franklin McCoy, R. A. McClure and David R. v^rawford. The first election for officers resulted in the choice of Joel Wolfe for Captain; P. J. Beachbeard, ist Lieutenant; R.J. Price, 2nd Lieutenant and John Fairley, 3rd Lieutenant. This company was tendered to the Governor, but was too late to get into the first six regiments that were organized in the State for that war. It went into camp at the Fair Grounds at Rushville to await marching orders from the Governor. Besides these another company of Home Guards was organized.

I^hig' Presentation. - On Sunday afternoon April 28, the ladies of Rushville presented a silk flag to Capt. Wolfe's company. The presentation speech was made by Miss India Hackleman, as follows :

"Brave Countrymen and Volunteers - I have been selected on behalf of the ladies of Rushville, to present to the Rush County Guards, who have so gallantly volunteered to defend their countr}^ against the assaults of traitors, this flag, Avhich is the gorgeous ensign of the Republic under which we live and to which we are indebted for our prosperity and civilization. In doing so, I presume to address you a few feeble words of encouragement. The ladies of Rushville are united in a strong feeling of love for their countr}-, and in a burning indignation for the wrongs which have been inflicted on her honor and integrity. The heroic blood of the mothers and daughters of the Revolution courses through their veins, and should their patriotism be put to the dreadful test, vou will find them ready to imitate their noble conduct during that long and sanguinary struggle.

" The beautifiul banner which they are about to entrust to your keeping, the meteor flag of our country is the banner of all others that we have loved and reverenced since our earliest recollection. It has been our nation's pride and glor\- ever since she had a place among the familv of nations. Tvrannv and oppression have fled from before it, unable to find protection beneath its ample folds. Proudly streaming from our noble ships, the glorious emblem of the free, it has floated over every ocean and in every clime to protect our commerce and to proclaim our power. Our ancestors, led on by the immortal Washington, waded through seas of blood to raise it, and it has been valiantly upheld and defended ever since, by a brave people, whose onward march in intelligence and refinement is without precedent in the annals of history; and shall it now, after it has waved in beauty and glory for so many years, be ruthlessly torn and trampled under foot by traitors? Almighty God forbid it! Are there not men to be found now as valorous and true as those of former time, who will arise in their majesty to defend their country and their country's flag? We feel assured that there are and that the Rush County Guards will ever be found among the bravest of the brave. Into your keeping, then, we resign, this flag, conjuring you by all you hold sacred and dear, never to disgrace it on the field of duty and honor! Proudly bear it aloft, as the children of Israel bore the ark, as the emblem of your hopes in your countr3'"s salvation. Let the stars and stripes be trailed in the dust and dishonored, and anarchy will prevail throughout our borders. Should the demands of duty and patriotism point to the battlefield, and death itself stare you in the face, shrink not, fear not, but remembering the might}' interests at stake, push forward to victory. Tliink of the glorious future that awaits our country if rescued from the menaces of the great rebellion which threaten to destroy it and with it our civil and religious liberties, and prove faithful and true in the hour of trial. Should difliculties and dangers encompass you about, dark clouds of despair obscure the beaming star of hope, lift your eyes to where your country's flag floats in proud defiance, remember the dear ones at home, breathe a fervent prayer to the God of Hosts, and press on! Truth and right will certainly triumph. Law and order will surely prevail and our countrj' will be saved, forever to remain ' the land of the free and the home of the brave.' You will return to us a gallant band of plumed warriors, your proud banner floating in the breeze, with not a star obliterated, or a stripe rent in twain by any act of omission or neglect on your part. Here then receive the emblem of your nation's honor and prowess, and proudly carry it wherever love of country, the preservation of constitutional government and the punishment of rebellion may require, and never return to Rushville without it, even should it be tattered and torn, for we shall have the proud consolation of knowing that no flag was ever defaced m a holier or juster cause."

This was responded to in a brief and appropriate speech by J. S. Hibben on behalf of the company. On the following Saturda}' the companj- left for Indianapolis with eighty-four men. As it had been raised with the expectation of joining the three months' vohinteers first called for, some of them were unwilling to enlist for a longer period and returned home. By this means the company as mustered into the service was not the same as the first enrollment shows. Several men from Fayette County completed the company. It was assigned the position of F in the Sixteenth Regiment one year service. Its commissioned officers were Paul J. Beachbeard, Captain; John S. Grove and Silas D. Byram, Lieutenants. In this regiment Joel Wolfe was commissioned Major at the organization and Henry B. Hill, of Carthage, Quartermaster. Wolfe was promoted Lieutenant Colonel. Pleasant A. Hackleman was the first Colonel of the regiment, and at the end of the year was promoted Brigadier General.

The company started out with sixty-three men, and was afterward recruited with thirty-four, making a total of ninety-seven. Of these, two died in the service and eight deserted. The regiment was mustered into the service at Richmond, in JVIay, 1861, and on the 23rd of July started for the front. It was the first to pass through Baltimore after the firing upon the Sixth Massachusetts Regiment in April. In October, it served to cover the retreat of the Union Army from the fatal field of Ball's Bluff, and was the last regiment to cross the Potomac. Early in December it took up winter quarters near Frederic City. When the forward movement began in February following, the Sixteenth took a leading part, and until the expiration of its term of enlistment, did much active duty, although but little fighting. April 30th, Col. Hackleman was promoted Brigadier General, and was given an elegant sword by the soldiers of the Sixteenth.

After the first company was off for the war, there was considerable activity displayed in all parts of the county in reference to home defense. Several militia companies were organized under the laws of the State, and drilling was begun. By this means man}' good soldiers were prepared for the more active duties of military life. There is a certain intoxication about the evolutions of military bodies that has a strong influence over those who take part in them. This, no doubt, had much to do with the success of volunteering during the early months of the war. The first of these militia companies to be organized in this county was at Milroy. Its organization was completed earl}' in June, and received the necessary arms and commissions.

When the first lull came in the excitement that followed the fall of Fort Sumter, there was yet found to be much opposition in this locality to the war polic}' of the Administration. Nearly every township held Union meetings, and at some of them the contention was Strong and spirited. This was particularly so at those held in Washington and Anderson townships. At the former, two sets of resolutions were prepared and submitted to the meeting, one by Dr. Bartlett, on behalf of the Republicans, and one by William S. Hall, for the Democrats. Quite a number of the citizens of the township had been privately informed before this that they must regulate their utterances on certain of the public questions a little more in accord with the policy of the government. In consequence of this there was considerable feeling manifested among the different persons present. It finally ended in a resolution not to organize for protection but that they v/ould rely upon each other as neighbors and friends for the maintenance of order. This was at Raleigh. The people in the whole county were agitated upon the subject that was then absorbing the interests of the entire Nation.

The yacksonian which was then conducted by W. A. Cullen and Cy Crawford strongly opposed the invasion of the Southern States, by the Northern Army. It advocated a policy of compromise and reconciliation and only on failure of the Southern States to meet the North half v/a}', was it in favor of subjugating the South. On the Republican side it was openly charged that there was treason in the county, as will be seen from the following extract from the Republican of June 26, 1S61 :

"We have reason to believe that the secessionists of Rush County have been secretly organizing in nearly all the townships. They hold regular Dark Lantern meetings and in two instances the places and times of meetings, as well as those who have participated, have leaked out. -The results of this Dark Lantern organization of traitors has been seen on our streets. Sympathy for the rebels and disloyalty to the Government have been boldly avowed on the comers; members of the Rush County Guards, while here visiting their friends, have been made the subject of insolent and disparaging remarks." It is probable that this article foreshadows a state of things that then hardly existed. The time was too soon after the outbreak of the Rebellion for much of preconcerted movement to take place, by those who were opposed to the war. Early in the excitement the citizens of Rushville awoke one morning to find what was said to be a Rebel flag flying from the court house. It is more than likely, however, that it was only intended as a hoax and it is not sure that the flag was the true standard of the Confederate States.

Rcneived Volunteering. - As the summer advanced the magnitude of the war began to be somewhat better comprehended. Efforts were made to enlist men for three years instead of three months. In Rush County the volunteering had gone on rather slow. In August, renewed efforts were made for bringing up the quota of the count}'; one of the weekly- papers under date of August 2ist, said: " Old Rush is waking up to her duty in the present crisis. For the three-year service, she has helped to complete three companies for other counties, furnishing them men enough to make a complete companj'. Messrs. John McKee, E. H. Lord, John Patton and others, are now endeavoring to raise a new and complete company in Rush County for the three years' service. They commenced last Saturday, and have now some thirt}" names enrolled. They will hold a meeting at New Salem Thursday' evening, and also a meeting at Richland, on Saturday, at 2 o'clock P. M., for the purpose of raising recruits. Let the good work go on, until Rush Count}' has done her whole dut}-; Union speakers will be present at these meetings." The same paper contains this item: "The new volunteer company, raised by Captain Doughtv, of Laurel, is ordered to rendezvous at Rushville, to-morrow, Thursday evening. Friday morning they will take the cars for the regimental camp at Lawrenceburg. The company is not j'et quite full, and any wishing to volunteer, can have an opportunitJ^ Cannot Rush Count}" fill up the company before it leaves? We learn that our citizens are making preparations to entertain the volunteers over night."

The second company raised in, and credited to. Rush County, was that of Capt. McKee in the Thirty-seventh Regiment, but for the sake of convenience, the companies will be spoken of in the order of their regimental numbers. In this way, some of the companies raised in the latter part of the Rebellion, will precede others that were organized earlier. As already stated, the first full company was assigned to the Sixteenth Regiment, one year service. At the expiration of that time, the regiment was reorganized for the three years' service. In the reorganization Rush County was well represented. Company C was composed largely of the men who had served one year in the first organization. The officers were: Captains - Paul J. Bleachbeard, August 2, 1862; William A. Ingold, May I, 1865. First Lieutenants - William L. Davis, August 2, 1862; William E. Chenowith, November i, 1863; WiUiam A. Ingold, July i, 1864; David C. Barnard, June i, 1865. Second' Lieutenants - George W. Marsh, August 2, 1862; Isaac N. Westerfield, June i, 1865. Companies G and H, were also credited in full to Rush County, although some of the men belonged to adjoining counties. The Commissioned Officers of Company G, were: Captains - Elwood Hill, August 16, 1S62; Aaron McFeely, February 14, 1863. First Lieutenants - Isaac Steel, August 16, 1862; James Steel, February 14, 1863. Second Lieutenants -

Among the regimental officers the following were from Rush County: Joel Wolfe and Jas. M. Hildreth, Lieutenant Colonels; J. M. Hildreth, Major; Henry B. Hill, Quartermaster; John C. Cullen and John H. Spurrier, Surgeons.

The Sixteenth Regiment that was first organized for a year's service, did not see much fighting, but under the reorganization it was destined to see a great deal of active service. It was mustered into the service on August 19, 1862, and soon after started for Kentucky. In a fight near Richmond, on August 30th, Lieut. - Col. Wolfe was killed. He had been one of the leading citizens of Rushville, and at the outbreak of the war was one of the first to offer his services to his countr}' as a soldier. In that fatal battle, in which he laid down his life, his rallj-ing call to his men was : "Rally around me, men of Indiana, and let us make our graves upon this spot. Let those desert the old flag and us who choose, but we must cut our way through or die, rather than be taken prisoners. Come on, follow me, my brave soldiers." In this battle the regiment lost 200 men killed and wounded, and 600 prisoners. After being paroled they were sent to Indianapolis, where they were exchanged November ist. In December, the regiment started from Memphis on the Vicksburg campaign. The operations that attended the downfall of that important post were largely shared in by the Sixteenth. It was the first to enter fort at Arkansas Post, and lost seventy-seven men killed and wounded. After takmg part in several of the battles around Vicksburg, it entered the trenches on the 19th of May, and participated in all the operations of the siege until the surrender on the 4th of July. During the siege it lost sixt}' men killed and wounded. After being transported to New Orleans, the regiment was mounted and distributed along the Mississippi, to guaid transportation. In October, 1S63, it joined in the expedition up Bayou Teche, in which locality it remained until January, when it returned to New Orleans. It was then refitted and remounted, and marched as part of the cavalry force in Bank's Red River expedition. Returning from this it did outpost duty in Louisiana, until mustered out. Concerning the three companies from Rush County, in the Sixteenth, the following figures will be of interest. The original enrollment of Company C was 97, recruits 12, total 109; died in the service 28, deserters 2. Company G, enrollment 100, recruits 25, total 125; died 31. Company H, enrollment 83, recruits 19, total 102; died 17, deserted 3. Thus it will be seen that the county furnished for this regiment 337 men, of whom 87 died in the service and 5 deserted.

In Company K, of the Thirt^'-seventh Regiment, all the men were credited to Rush Count}^. The officers were: Captains, John McKee, September 10, 1861; John B. Reeve, October 22, 1862. First Lieutenants, Henry E. Lord, September 10, 1861; Isaac Abernathy, November 24, 1S61; John B. Reeve, Januar}"- i, 1862; William R. Hunt, October 29, 1863. Second Lieutenants, John B. Reeve, September 10, i86i;John Patton, January i, 1863; William R. Hunt, February 22, 1863. Of these Lieut. Abernathy was killed at the Battle of Stone River, December 31, 1862, and Lieut. John Patton died in February, of wounds received in the same battle. Although Company I, is not credited to any count}^ in the Adjutant General's report, yet it is known that a considerable number of the men were from. Rush County. The first enrollment of Companjr K, was 60, recruits 13, total 82, of which 15 died in the service.

The Thirty-seventh Regiment was organized at Lav.'renceburg, in September, 1861. It did guard duty most of the time, until December, 1862, v/hen it moved with Rosecrans' Arm.y toward INIurfreesboro, and on the 31st of that month was engaged at Stone River. In that engagem.ent Company K lost three men killed, the regiment losing twentj^-five killed and 106 wounded. After this it encamped near Murfreesboro, until June, 1863, when it started in the Chattanooga campaign. It was engaged at Dug Gap and Chickamauga, and afterward remained in the vicinity of Chattanooga until the spring of 1864. During the winter, Compan)' I re-enlisted as veterans. In the Atlanta campaign it took part in the battles at Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Chatahoochie River, Peach Tree Creek. After the Atlanta campaign, the company, being among the non-veterans, was mustered out of the service. Those in Company' I went with Sherman's army to Savannah and then through the Carolinas.

The Fifty-second Regiment was the next in number that contained a large representation from Rush County. Nearly every company contained some men from this county, but Company G was composed almost entirely of men whose homes were in Rush County. The following were its commissioned oflicers during its whole term of service, with the dates of commissions: Captains, Joseph McCorkle, October 25, 1861; Ross Guffin, September 4,

1862. First Lieutenants, Ross Guffin, October 25, 1861; Charles M. Ferree, September 4, 1S62; Theodore Wilkes, February 4, 1865. Second Lieutenants, Charles M. Ferree, October 25, 1S61; James H. Wright, September 4, 1862; Harrison S. Carney, November 18, 1862. This compan}^ started out with eightj'-eight men and received thirty-three recruits; of these twenty-eight died in the service and twenty-two deserted. In Company F, Montgomery C. Howard, of Rushville, became First Lieutenant and Captain. In Company H, James H. Frazee became First Lieutenant and Winlield S. Conde, Second Lieutenant. The former afterward became Captain in the Ninth Cavalry. Of the regimental officers, the following were from Rush Count}^: Edward H. Wolfe, was commissioned Major, January 20, 1S62, and W'as afterward promoted Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel; William H. Smith was made Quartermaster, and Marshall Sexton and James W. Martin, v/ere Surgeons. At the expiration of its term of service, the Fifty-second was reorganized, although but few men from this county remained in it after that. The regiment took part in the siege of Fort Donelson, battle of Pittsburg Landing, siege of Corinth. After this for nearly a year it was actively engaged in fighting guerrillas in Tennessee and Arkansas, with headquarters at Fort Pillow. In February, 1864, it joined Sherman's Army then advancing on Meridian. It engaged the enem}^ at Jackson. In March, a large portion of the regiment veteranized and came home on furlough. Those who did not veteranize joined Banks' Red River expedition. In Ma}^ the regiment was re-united and left Vicksburg with Gen. A. J. Smith's command on the Arkansas expedition, and was later engaged with the Rebel Gen. Forrest's command at Tupello, Miss., and again at Hurricane Creek. In September, it started for MissouVi, where it defeated Price's force at Franklin, and drove him from that State. After that it proceeded to St. Louis and thence to Nashville. At the latter place it took part in the battle of December 15 and 16, and then joined in the pursuit of Hood. In February, 1865, it was attached to Canby's Arm}^ at New Orleans and took part in the m.ovement against Spanish Fort.

In the Fifty-fourth Regiment there was one compan}- from Rush Count}'. This was H, and for its officers had John H. Ferree as Captain, John W. Mauzy, First Lieutenant, and William M. Brooks, Second Lieutenant. The regiment was organized in October, 1862, and with but few exceptions was composed of drafted men or their substitutes. At Chickasaw Bluffs it made two charges on the Rebel woi^ks, losing 264 killed and wounded. It performed much arduous duty in the Vicksburg campaign and was several times under fire. It also took part in the engagements that were followed by the fall of Jackson. In the fall of 1S63 it went on the expedition up the Teche country, and on the return was mustered out on the 8th of December.

Company D of the Sixty-eighth Regiment was also from Rush County. It was mustered into the service in August, 1862. Its officers were: Captains, James W. Innis, August 12, 1S62; James H. Mauzj% June 2, 1863. First Lieutenants, James H. Mauzy, August 12, 1862; William Beale, June 2, 1S63; Deliscus Lingenfelter, July i, 1864. Second Lieutenants, William Beale, August 12, 1862; Deliscus Lingenfelter, June 2, 1S62; Daniel L. Thomas, June i, 1S65. Of these, Captain Innis was promoted IMajor of the regiment. Company D had an enrollment of eight}'- nine members at the beginning and received eleven recruits. Ten died in the service and eight deserted.- The regiment was organized at Greesburg in the summer of 1862. It Avas engaged at Munfordsville, Ky., and after two daj-s' fighting was captured. In June, 1863, it fought at Hoover's Gap. At Chickamauga the regiment lost 135 killed, wounded and missing, out of a force engaged of 356. A few days later it fought the enemy near Chattanooga. The regiment was also engaged as follows: At Dalton, Ga., INIission Ridge, Decatur, Ala., Nashville. After the last named battle in December, 1864, the regiment remained in the vicinity of Chattanooga until mustered out in June, 1865.

Excepting the Morgan Raid troops, the next regiment that was conspicuous for Rush Count}- men was the Ninth Cavalrj' (One Hundred and Twenty-first) Regiment. Twentj'-two of the men in Company E were from the vicinity of Carthage, and of this number John W. Jack was First Lieutenant, and afterward Captain. Company M was entirely from Rush County. Its Captain, First and Second Lieutenants were James H. Frazee, James B. Jones and Nathan J. Leisure. Out of a total enrollment of ninet}--six the company lost twenty-two by death and ten by desertion. The regiment was organized in March, 1S64, but did not leave the State until in May. It was then transferred to Pulaski, Tenn., where it did post duty until November, and engaged in some skirmishing with Forrest. At Sulphur Branch Trestle the regiment lost 125 in killed, wounded and missing. In the fight at Franklin it lost twentj'-six, in killed, wounded and prisoners. From that time on it was engaged in post and garrison duty until mustered out. By an explosion of the steamer Sultana, April 26, 1S65, the regiment lost fifty-five men.

Swain, January 13, 1S64; John Fleehart, August 24, 1864. First Lieutenants, John Fleehart, January 13, 1864; Leroy P. Aldridge, August 24, 1864; William J. Allen, March 20, 1865. Second Lieutenants, Leroy P. Aldridge, January 13, 1864; William J. Allen, August 24, 1864; Oliver Richey, March 20, 1S65. In this same regiment Ephraim T. Allen served as First and Second Lieutenant in Company B, and in Company I, John W. Tompkins was Second Lieutenant. William A. CuUen was Lieutenant Colonel and John H. Spurrier, Surgeon of the regiment. Of its total enrollment of 103, Company E lost ten men by death and four by desertion.

The One Hundred and Twenty-third Regiment was recruited during the winter of 1863 and 1864, from the Fourth and Seventh Congressional Districts, rendezvoused at Greensburg and mustered into service on the 9th day of March, 1864, with John C. McQuiston as Colonel. On the i8th day of Ma}', the Regiment left for Nashville, Tennessee, and upon arriving there were assigned to the Second Brigade, First Division Twentv-third Army Corps. On the 4th of April it was ordered to Charleston, Tennessee, and May the 3rd marched with its corps on the campaign against Atlanta, participating in an engagement at Rocky Face Ridge, on the 9th of said month. On the 14th the regiment marched with its division through Snake Creek Gap, and on the following day moved to the extreme left of Sherman's Army, arriving in time to take part in the battle of Resacca, and received and repulsed a dashing assault of the enemy. The regiment followed in pursuit of the enemy, skirmishing almost constantlv with the rear guard for several days. On the 24th the regiment advanced to the support of General Hooker, near Dallas. During the last of May a detachment of Rebel cavalry captured a portion of the division supply train and several men belonging to the regiment. The month of June was rainy and from much exposure, hard marching and scarcit}' of provision, there was much sickness. The enemy had gained a position near Lost Mountain, and on the 17th of June the second division was ordered to dislodge him. Early in the morning the command advanced in line of battle and when within range of the enem)''s artiller}', received a most furious fire of grape and canister, but, with a yell, the line charged and drove the enemy from its position and captured many prisoners. The regiment lost one killed and twelve wounded. On the 23rd the regiment with Hascall's division participated in an engagement with Hood's corps, sustaining a loss of one killed. The regiment next participated in the battle of Kenesaw Mountain, where after much hard fighting it lost six in killed and forty wounded. On the 28th the regiment followed in pursuit, skirmishing all da}^ and at night lay down to rest having been under fire for four days and nights and without rations for thirty hours. The next encounter with the enemy was at Decatur, which was soon followed by the seige of Atlanta, in which the regiment with its division on the 6th of August, was ordered by General Schofield, to dislodge the enemj^ who commanded the extreme right; in this engagement the regiment did its hardest fighting during the war, and lost in this charge twenty-seven killed and wounded, in this action Capt. Franklin F. Swain fell mortally wounded. During the entire campaign the One Hundred and Twenty-third Regiment lost twenty-eight killed and 105 wounded.

After two months the regiment was ordered to report to Gen. Thomas, at Nashville. In November while en route to Nashville it came up with Gen. Forrest's Rebel Cavalry 15,000 strong, but by silent and rapid marching for sixty hours, it reached Nashville in safety. On the 15th and i6th of December, the}"- participated in the battle of Nashville. The regiment went into camp, at Columbia, 'I'ennessee, and Januafy 3, 1S65, went to Washington via Cincinnati and sailed on steamship Alexandria to Ft. Anderson, N. C; marched thence to Raleigh encountering Bragg at Wise's Forks, on the 7th of March, which was the last engagement in which the regiment participated. It was mustered out at Raleigh on the 25th of August, 1865.

In the one year regiments raised in the earlj- part of 1865, Rush County was represented. The first of these was the One Hundred and Forty-sixth, in several companies of which there were men from this county, the most being in Company F. In that, Lauriston B. Ingold was First Lieutenant. Allen Hill was Adjutant of the regiment. The Twenty-second Batterjf, Light Artillery, vi'as largely composed of men fromi Rush Countj'.

Public Gprtiion in iS6j and 1S64. - At the State election in the fall of 1862, the Democrats were successful in many of the northern States. This fact, alone, gave renewed impulse to the campaigns of 1863. The Republicans construed the result adversely to their conduct of the war, and on the testimony of no less authority than General Grant, they v/ere determined to make a better showing on the field of battle. In Rush County there was but little, if any, abatement in the tension of public opinion. During the summers of 1863 and 1864 mass meetings were held in all portions of the count}' at which the leading speakers made addresses, and resolutions covering the various phases of the public questionc v/ere discussed and adopted. As the Administration adopted the emancipation theory the Democrats became more hostile toward its methods of conducting the war. They were in for preserving " the Union as it was " and were opposed to the abolition of slavery.

They did not want to disturb the " domestic relations " of any of the States. But it was impossible to fight out the war on any other grounds. Slavery had been the prime cause of the conflict and it was an element that was doomed to overthrow if the Union of the States was to be preserved with stabihty- There was no mean ground to be occupied between the Union without slavery and disunion. Fortunately the sentiment of Union without slaver)', prevailed.

Soldiers at home on furlough, wearing their uniforms, were the universal object of attention. It was not infrequent that the}' overstepped the bounds of reason and duty in maintaining their principles. They often became insolent and intolerant, and imagined that their coats of blue were sufficient excuses for whatever excesses they saw fit to indulge. Collisions between the soldiers and citizens were of common occurrence all over the north. In this count}^ they were not an exception. It is probable that few portions of the north were more deeply agitated than Rush County. By some it has been alleged that there were several lodges of the Knights of the Golden Circle in the county, and it is probable that the allegations are true. The RcftMican charged it openly at the time, and it called attention to the times and places of m^eetings. Party strife ran high, and there were frequent physical encounters between the contending sides. Notwithstanding all this, the volunteering went on with commendable zeal, and the number of men furnished by the county for the war shows well for a community in which there was so much active opposition to the methods of carrying on the struggle.

The Indiana I^cgion was an esrtensive organization throughout the State for the purpose of hom.e defense in case of need. It served another purpose, however, that proved more useful than as Home Guards. It was the medium through which many good soldiers were brought into the service, that, perhaps, would not otherwise so readily have entered the active service of the United States. The drilling, too, was useful in preparing men to a considerable extent for the evolutions that were required in actual war. In other words it was a training school where men learned the rudiments of knowledge in war that so soon enabled them to perform in the face of the enemy like trained veterans. Rush County had several of these companies in the Legion, and the roster of the officers reveals the names of many who led companies to the field of batde.

Bounty aiid Kditf. - \n order to stimulate volunteering, the United States Government authorized the payment of bounties early in the war to those who should enlist for the term of three years. In the first year of the war this amount was fixed at $ioo.

Orders from the war department at various times authorized the payment of additional sums ranging as high as $400, according to the nature and term of service. The inequalities of bounties created great dissatisfaction, but it was' claimed by the authorities that the exigencies of the times demanded it and could not be avoided. An additional inducement was offered in the way of a land warrant for forty-acres of public land to each soldier receiving an honorable discharge. This, taken with the amount of the bounty, which was considered about the value of a mule, brought about that famous and popular phrase, "forty acres and a mule," and doubtless had much to do with the successful volunteering which characterized the war. Besides the national bounties, large and often extravagant sums were paid by many of the counties. These had the effect to lighten the drafts, but at the same time increased the taxes. The latter, however, cut but little figure in the question. People would not put a price on the Union, and no matter what was required to preserve it, that requirement was always met. In Rush County this spirit was fully maintained, and the Board of Commissioners at different times met the popular demand by offering bounties.

Another important item came under the head of Relief. This included whatever sums were paid to support the families of those who had enlisted and were absent in the field of battle, and also the supplies forwarded to the soldiers themselves. A few months' experience showed how much the government lacked of being prepared for supplying an army with the necessary comforts required by a soldier. Immediately after the opening of the war there was a Soldiers' Aid Society formed in Rushville by the leading ladies of the town. The work which those noble-hearted women did went far toward relieving the wants of the soldiers. Scarcely a week passed without a shipment to the front of mittens, socks, blankets and such other articles as a soldier would likely need to withstand the extremities of the seasons. These contributions were purely personal, and the women of the whole county were requested to bring in whatever could be properl}- spared. In this way many dollars were spent in the soldier's behalf which are not included in the following amount of Bounty and Relief paid by the county and townships:

These calls aggregate more than 2,300,000 men and give some idea of the magnitude of the Civil War in the United States. It will be interesting to know what part of this immense army was furnished b}' Rush County. The first enrollment of the militia in Indiana after the commencement of the war was made September

19, 1S62. The total militia force of the county was 2,692, of which 344 were exempt from bearing arms, leaving 2,348 subject to draft. The county was at that date credited with having furnished 914 volunteers, 825 of which were then in the service. It was under this enrollment that the first draft in Indiana occurred October 6, 1862, to supply the number required by the call of August 4th. The quota of Rush Count}^ under that draft was 150 men, apportioned among these townships: Posey, 18; Walker, 24; Anderson, 2; Rushville, 3; Jackson, 20; Center, 30; Washington, 19; Union, 34. The Draft Officers were : Leonidas Sexton, Commissioner; John R. Mitchell, Marshal; William A. Pugh, Surgeon.

The call of October 17, 1S63, demanded of Rush County 210 men, which number was furnished without resorting to a draft. Under the calls of February ist, March 15th and July i8th, 1S64, the total (juotas for the countj^ w'as 969 men, to offset which it was credited with 983 new recruits, 64 veterans and 4 by draft, making 1,082, or 82 more than were required. The President's last call for troops, December 19, 1864, asked Rush County for 105 men. Against this number the county was credited with 106 new recruits, 49 veterans and 20 by draft, making in all 144. This was the condition of the account with Rush County on the i^th of April, 1865, ^t which time all efforts to raise troops were abandoned. It shows a balance in favor of the county. The draft under this last call was made upon the basis of the third enrollment of the State, or second under the Enrollment Act of Congress. That enrollment showed Rush County to have had a militia force of 2,164. These figures show that the county furnished 2,483 men for the war, or within 207 of the number first reported as its total mihtia force. This need not imply that there were that number of separate men from this county in the war, for there were not. A considerable number of the men enlisted twice, and some three times, and they were counted for each enlistment. It is probable that 400 will include the number of those who were thus recounted. Thus it will be seen that Rush County alone furnished enough men to make more than two full regiments, a considerable army in itself.

Roll of Honor. - The following is a roll of honor, as taken from the Adjutant General's Report for the State, and as that work contains many errors, it can hardly be hoped that this roll is free from mistakes. The list given comprises only the privates who died either from wounds or otherwise before receiving a final discharge. It doubtless contains many errors and omissions, but is the best that can be obtained at this time:

Military History. 47 1

Plank, John, died at Memphis, December 28, 1863. Stewart, John J., died at Indianapolis, Jul}- 6, 1863. Wagner, John W., died in Missouri, March 10, 1863. Wilhams, Isaac, killed at Richmond, Ky., August 30, 1862. Wallace, Thomas, died at Memphis, December 4, 1862. Willis, James H., died at Memphis, December 25, 1862. Scott, Andrew J., died August 8, 1S64.

19, 1863. Calender, John, died at Nashville, April 24, 1863. David, James B., died in Rebel prison, March 19, 1864. Danner, William H., died in Rebel prison, April 25, 1864. Lee, Caleb C, died September 24, 1S63, of wounds. Pierce, Lewellj-n, died at Murfreesboro, May 26, 1863. Chalfant, Matthias, died at Nashville, April i, 1863.

Blake, George W., lost on Sultana, April 27, 1S65. Gruell, Nathan E., lost on Sultana, April 27, 1S65. Holoway, Enis, lost on Sultana, April 27, 1865. Huffman, W. H., lost on Sultana, April 27, 1S65. King, Samuel, lost on Sultana, April 27, 1865. Isentrager, James M., lost on Sultana, April 27, 1865. Pidley, Franklin, lost on Sultana, April, 27, 1865. Jessup, Columbus, died at Jackson, Miss., March 22, 1865, of starvation, in Andersonville Prison. James, Daniel W., killed b}- Guerillas, February 14, 1865. Maple, John J., killed at Sulphur Tressle, September 25, 1864. Maple, Levi, killed at Sulphur Tressle, September 25, 1864. McGee, George H., died at Athens, Ala., October 12, 1864. McMichael, Thomas, died at home, April 6, 186^. Pickering, Lewis, killed at Sulphur Trestle, September 25, 1864. Tuttle, James, missing in action, September 2, 1864.

Askren, Alex M., died at Evansville, Jul}- 26, 1864. Brown, James F., died at Jeffersonville, March, 1S65. Glover, Cassius Q., died at Nashville, April 16, 1864. Perkins, James H., died at Knoxville, September i, 1864. Price, John W., died at home, January 26, 1864.

Alexander, Andrew, died at Bowling Green, Ma}- 27, 1863. Denton, William, died at Bowling Green, July 9, 1863. Gallagher, John, died at Indianapolis, April 9, 1863. Ice, James, died at Bowling Green, May 24, 1S63. Lock, Elisha, died at Camp Nelson, September 20, 1S64. AValker, Robert J., wounded at Marietta, Ga., October 20, 1864. Breul, Erhardt, killed at Camp Burnside, April 24, 1864. Duckett, Edward G., killed accidentally, November 22, 1864. Hartley, Francis M., died in Tennessee, October 12, 1864.

Springer, Thomas M., died at Lexington, Ky., Maj- S, 1864. Shepherd, William, died at Louisville, April 27, 1S63. Townsend, Nathan, died at Marietta, Ga., December 6, 1864..

Amos Allison, a citizen of Orange Township, Rush Count^'^ was born in Russell County, Ky., February 24, 1822, and is the son of Matthew and Mary (Richardson) Allison. Matthew was born ia Washington County, Va., in 1792, and was the son of John Allison who was of Scotch-Irish origin. Matthew was married in Virginia, and later became an early settler of East Tennessee, settling in Knox County, in which county he operated a merchant mill on the French Broad River. In 1821, he came to Indiana and entered land, and the following year started with his family for Hoosierdom. In the early spring he arrived in Russell County, Ky., and here he left his famil}' with relations, and he proceeded to Indiana and to his entered land in Rush County, on which land he built a cabin and raised a corn crop, then returned and brought thither his famil}- in the fall of 1822. He lived to be an aged and well respected man. The subject of this sketch was born while the family was remaining in Kentucky, but was reared in Rush Countv. He has always followed farming since reaching manhood, and is a representative farmer and citizen. He is the youngest of six children, viz. : John, Eliza, James, Susan, Mary, and Amos. The father of the children died in 1871, and the mother's death had preceded that of the father, and occurred in 1823, soon after the settlement of the family in Indiana. The subject of the sketch is a zealous member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and is a progressive and representative citizen.

Charles Alter, a farmer and citizen of Orange Township, Rush County, was born in Butler Count}', Ohio, June 8, 1S29, and is the son of Christian and Susan T. (Tolbert) Alter. The father was born in Maryland in 17S3, his death oocurred in Rush Count}', Ind., in 1S68. The mother was born in Virginia in 1785, and died in Rush Countv, Ind., in 1S73. Their children's names are: Frederick, Francis, Mary, David, Sarah, Benjamin M., Susan, Elizabeth,, George W., and Charles. The parents removed from Marvland to Cincinnati, and later settled in Butler Count}^, Ohio, and still later in Rush County, Ind. Charles was the youngest of their children, and was reared on a farm, and has followed the occupation since earlv in life. He commenced life a poor boy, and is now a prosperous man, all due to his untiring energy and industry^

He is a zealous member of the Methodist Episcopal Churcli, and in politics, a Republican. In 1S55 (February), he was united in marriage with Viola Johnson, daughter of R. H. and Nancv G. (Drummond) Johnson. Nancy was born in Orange Township, Rush County, Ind., May 7, 1837. Her marriage has been blessed by the following offspring: William, born April 30, 1856; Mary L., born January 16, 1858; Harriet A., born April 13, i860; OHve, born May 6, 1862; Elma, born January 2, 1864; Cora F., born September 2, 1865; David O., born May 30, 1868; Charles, born January 29, 1871; John H., born April 27, 1875; and Viola S., born August 31, 1877.

John Bowling, a farmer and citizen of Orange Township, Rush Countv, Ind., was born in said township Januar}' 28, 1S35, and is the son of Richard and Sarah (Brown) Bowling. The father was a native of Kentucky, and was born February 4, 1800. In 18 28, he was married to Sarah Brown, also a native of Kentucky, born December 28, 1800. Two sons and four daughters were born anto the marriage, viz.: Lucy, Maria, Susan, John, Maria and Hiram. In 1832, the father removed to Rush County, Ind., and settled in Orange Township, where he lived till his death, which occurred January 27, 1885. He followed farming for an avocation, was a well respected citizen, noted for his sobrietj^ and industry. He was a lineal descendant of John Randolph, of the Old Dominion. He was an early settler of Rush Count}', and his life was identified with that of the early pioneers of the county. A strange event occurred in the course of his life. We have observed that he was a farmer by avocation, and a good old farmer he was. On one occasion, while he and his happy family were at midnight rest, an unknown (and still unknown) character, entered his house armed with an axe, and the farmer being aroused, sprang from his couch to the floor, but was commanded b}- the intruder to stand still; his command was obeyed, but for a short time only, and while the burglar was plundering a bureau drawer, the axe he had released and placed at his side, was seized by the farmer and one stroke laid the intruder to the floor in death. A coroner's jury acquitted the farmer, and. we add that our farmer was certainly a hero. He was alwaj'S firm in life, and he lived a life deserving much credit and praise. Our subject was reared to farming, and has followed it as his chosen occupation. He is both a representative farmer and citizen. In 1861, March 3rd, he married Nancy A. Lee, daughter of Jonathan and Marj- (Copeland) Lee. One child, a son, named John Hiram, has blessed the marriage.

Rush Count}', Januarj- 8, 1851, and is the son of Jacob and Mary Ann (Jones) Carr. Jacob was a native of Rush County, and was born in 1823; his occupation was that of farming. His father was Isaac Carr, and was an early settler of Rush Count}', and emigrated from Kentucky to Indiana, and was a farmer by occupation. The subject of this sketch was reared on a farm and educated in the country schools, receiving a fair education. He is a prosperous and self-made man; and has followed farming for an avocation. 1875, he married Lucinda F. Tumes. The marriage has been blessed by Mary, Bessie, Shirley and Lavon. Mr. Carr is a member of the Christian Church, and in politics he is a staunch Republican.

Eli Green. - The paternal grandparent of the subject of this sketch was General Nathaniel Green of Revolutionary fame, and the father of the subject was John Green, a carpenter by trade, and a farmer by occupation. John was an early settler of Kentucky, where the greater part of his life was spent. He married for his first wife Rachel WiUiams, unto whom was born the following offspring : Thomas, Sallie, Charles and Newel. For a second wife he married Rebecca Snider; the second marriage was blessed by the following children : Eli, born January 27, 181 1 ; Polly, born November 28; 1813; Jonathan, born December 31, 1S15 ; William, born January 8, 1818, and Absalom, born Januarj' 23, 1820. The mother of these children was the daughter of Hemy and Mary Snider who were of German lineage, and she was born June 30, 1782, and was united in marriage with John Green, November 19, 1807; her death occurred February 14, 1831. John, her husband, died in Ohio, March 5, 1823; he had removed with his family from Kentucky to Ohio, about 1813, and shortly after his death, his widow with her family, removed to Indiana, and in 1824, settled in Shelby County, settling on Blue River, and here the widow lived till occurred her death. Her eldest son Eli, who is our subject, was born in Madison Count}-, Ky.; when but an infant his father made the removal to Ohio, and when he was thirteen his widowed mother made the removal to Indiana. He was reared on the farm, and received a limited education in old subscription schools of the A'arious vicinities in which he lived in early life. He has devoted his life to farming, and has experienced much hard toil, and a hard battle with life, for he was born a poor boy, but nevertheless born with an ambitious and industrious spirit, which has gained for him property and many ardent friends. In November of 1834, he was united in marriage with Mary B. Marshall. She was bom in Harrison County, Ky., and was the daughter of James and Susannah Marshall. Unto this marriage were born: Eliza, April i6, 1839; Adalino, November 15, 1841; William Dallas, July 11, 1844, and Arthur, November 15, 1S51. For one j^ear after the marriage of our subject he lived in Shelby Count}-, and then removed to Rush County, where he has since resided, and followed agricultural pursuits. He has always been a main factor in whatever communities he has resided, and has always been an industrious, energetic and progressive man. He has been a member of the INIethodist Episcopal Church for many years, and has always advocated and aided churches, schools and public improvements. He has alwaj'S been reserved, however in life, and has never aspired to public life, but has preferred the life of an independent farmer. In politics he has never taken an active part, but is an ardent Republican, having never voted with any other party since the organization of the Republican party. He is now in his seventy-seventh year, and while far along in the decline of life he is surrounded by property and many faithful friends.

Samuel Griffith, the subject of the following biography, is the grandson of John Griffith, who was the son of an early emigrant from Wales to America. John was born in Penns3"lyania, Bedford County, and was a farmer by occupation. He married Catherine Helm. The marriage was blessed by two sons, John and Samuel, both of whom are dead. John, the father of our subject, was born in Bedford County, Pa., March 10, 1S06. Pie was reared on a farm in Bedford County, Pa., and received a limited education in the country schools of his native count}'. He was married in Bedford County to Margaret Feaster. In August, 1837, he located in Moscow, Orange Township, Rush County, Ind. The rest of his life was spent in Rush County. He followed farming as an occupation. He was successful in his undertakings and was energetic and enterprising. A self-made man, he was universally respected by all who knew him. He lived a useful life, and was benevolent and charitable in character, and was a faithful friend and a representative citizen. The mother of our subject was born in Bedford County, Pa., May 14, 1S19, and was the mother of two sons and two daughters, viz. : Sarah, Samuel, Martin D., and Caroline. Our subject is the only one now living. He was torn in Rush County, Ind., August 10, 1S3S, and was reared on a farm and educated in the country schools, and has followed agricultural pursuits as an avocation, making success. In 1865, October 29, he was united in marriage with Susan Apple, daughter of Elias and Magdaline (Slifer) Apple. Susan was born in Montgomeiy County, Ohio, October 5, 1S46. Three children have blessed her marriage, viz. : Elmor Ellsworth, Van Elias (deceased), and Caroline. Our subject and his wife are members of the

J. F. Henderson, the subject of the following sketch, is a citizen of Orange Township, Rush Count}-, Ind., and was born in that township, February 2, 1841, and is the son of George and Eliza (Spurgeon) Henderson. The father was born in Ohio, in 181 1, and was the son of Joseph Henderson, who was of Irish and Dutch lineage. Joseph w'as a farmer by occupation and removed from Ohio to Indiana and became an early settler of Rush County, in which county he lived for many j^ears. His life was identified with the pioneer settlers of this county. He w-as a soldier in the War of 1812, and was a well respected citizen. George, the father of our subject, was a farmer by occupation. He was reared on a farm, and he followed his occupation with zeal, and was an industrious and well respected citizen. He was married early in life, and when he began the battle of life, had no capital other than willing hands, but by his honesty and industrv, together with frugality, he. made an average success in life, and was surrounded at death with many friends, and with prosperitj-. His death occurred in the fall of 1875. He was a member of the Protestant Methodist Church, and was universally respected by all who knew him. The mother of our subject was born in Kentuck}', in 1807, and now resides in Rush County. She is the mother of three sons and four daughters, who are now living: Joseph S., John, Nancy, Jefferson Franklin, Matilda, Melvina and Mary. Our subject was reared on a farm, and educated in the country schools, and has followed farming as an occupation, and had no capital to begin the occupation, and many have been the obstacles that have appeared before him, but by industry and hard toil he has made a success of life. He is a self-made man, and a representative citizen. He has established an unquestioned character and in the spring of 1886, he was elected as the Democratic candidate, for Township Trustee, for Orange Township. He has always been an advocate of free education, and has manifested an interest in schools, to churches he has been an aid, and is a member of the Christian Union Church, and is a progressive citizen. In 1864, November 11, he married Sarah A. McDuffee, daughter of Robert McDuffee, of Shelby County, Ind.

EliasTruitt Hilligoss. - George Hilligoss, the paternal grandparent of our subject, was a native of Germanv, and before he emigrated to America, he had married Lizzie Clavel, and together these two emigrated to America a very short time before the American Revolution, and settled in Pennsylvania. He was a tailor by trade, and in late life followed farming as an occupation

About 17S1 he removed from Pennsylvania to Kentucky, and settled in Fleming County, in which county he and his wife both lived till the close of their long and useful lives. The}' reared a family of five sons and two daughters, viz. : Jacob, John, Conrad, Solomon and William, who were the sons, and we are not able to give the names of the daughters. John Hilligoss was the father of our subject, and was born in Pennsylvania in i7755 '^nd was but a small boy when his parents removed to Kentucky. He was reared on a farm and followed agricultural pursuits throughout life. Soon after he reached his majority he was united in marriage with Nancy Shockley, a native of Maryland, who was born about 17S3. She was of English descent, and was the daughter of William Shockley, who was a citizen of Maryland in early life, during which time he was a sailor at sea for fifteen years, and in later life emigrated to Kentucky and became a pioneer settler of that State. The above marriage was blessed by eight sons and two daughters, viz. : William S., George B., Eli, Mary, John W., James S., Elias T., Sanford H., Hulda Ann and Johnathan S. The father of these children and his family emigrated to Brown Countv, Ohio, from Kentucky, in 1S25, and in 1834 removed to Indiana, and settled in Rush County. Elias T. Hilligoss was born in Fleming County, Kv., March 2, 1819, and was reared on a farm and received a common school education in the schools of Ohio. He has followed farming as an occupation, and when he began life had no capital other than eighty acres of "Congress Land." He has been an energetic and industrious man, and has been a success in his calling, and is now surrounded by prosperity. He was united in marriage with Nancy Thomas, September 27, 1838. Nanc}^ was born in Lewis County, KJ^, November 3, 1817, and is a daughter of David and Marj' (McQueen) Thomas. The children born unto this marriage are: Missouri, Jane, Nancy I., Daniel W., Winfield Scott, Mary A. and Henrj^ Clay. Our subject became a member of the Christian Church in the spring of 1839, and has been a friend to churches, schools and public improvements, and has been an Elder in the church for the last thirty-eight years, and has been a very zealous member. T. H. C. Hilligoss, a j'oung and enterprising farmer and stock-raiser of Orange Township, Rush Count}^ was born in said township, May, 14, 1855, and is the son of Elias T. and Nancy (Thomas) HiUigoss. The sketch of the parents is observed above. The subject of this sketch was reared and educated in Rush County, and has devoted time and attention to the pursuit of farming and raising fine stock. In June of 1876 he was united in marriage with Margaret M. Machlan. Two children have been born unto the union, viz.: Benjamin T. (deceased), and Raymond.

The subject is a zealous member of the Christian Church in which he has been Deacon for several years. In politics he is an ardent Republican, and is a representative citizen.

Benjamin and William Machlan. - Over a century ago, in 1763, and in Scotland, there was born John Machlan, the paternal grandparent of William and Benjamin. This grandparent came across the Atlantic to America, when a youth, and afterward settled and married in L3Xoming Country, Pa. He was married to Hester Updegraft, who was American born, and of French lineage. This marriage was blessed by the following children: Rebecca, John, William, George and two others who died in early life. The mother of these children died in Pennsylvania, and adversity after adversity beset the father, and the family was reduced to poverty. The father determined on a removal to Ohio, and in the fall of 1816, removed to Butler County, of that State, where he settled and lived for seven years. The stay in Ohio was accompanied by a financial success, for the father was a farmer, and by his industr}-, together with the co-operation of his children, he was successful in that pursuit in Ohio, and he determined to remove to Indiana. Accordingly in the spring of 1823, the removal was made, and a settlement was made in Rush County, where lands were purchased. The father continued his agricultural pursuits, and his following life was identified with the pioneer settlement of Rush County. In his calling his success was evident, and at last he became a prosperous man. Though his early life was beset by many difficulties, his last days were more of sunshine. He was a descendant of a Quaker family, and was faithful to the Quaker faith. He lived a long and useful life, and in the fall of 1S39, was called away. We have observed the death of his wife, who died in Pennsylvania. She was a devoted mother and wife, an ardent Friend in truth and in sect. She was of the Quaker faith, in which she was reared, and lived and died in that faith. After her death, and after the removal to Ohio, Mr. Machlan married for a second wife, Sarah Woods, who lived nine j-ears after Mr. Machlan's death, and then was called away. John Machlan, Jr., the father of our subject, was born in Lycoming County, Pa., in May of 1795. He was reared on a farm, and never attended school a day in his life, but in later days, he learned to read, and being a man of strong intellectual power, he became conversant on general subjects. He was an industrious and frugal man, reserved in character, and a very considerate citizen, possessing conservativeness, honesty, sobriety and sincerity. Born a poor boy, he died a prosperous man; his success in life was due to his untiring energy, iirmness and perseverance. His life pursuit was that of farming, in which he was practical and successful. He came to In- diana in 1S23, the date of his father's settlement in the State, and purchased a small tract of land in Rush County, and when he died he owned a broad tract of more than 400 acres. His earh' life was beset b_v many difficulties. In the spring of 18 18, he chose a companion for life, and was united in marriage with Sally Day, in Butler Count}^ Ohio. Sally was born in York State, in the 3'ear iSoo, and was of English and Dutch lineage. She was a strong and sturdy woman, and proved a faithful companion to her husband, whose struggle in early life was difficult. At his marriage he began a hard battle, for he was very poor, and hard toil was his lot. He often said in after life, that hard toil seasoned his bread, and that he thanked God that he was blessed with Sally, to whom he attributed much of his success in life. Sall}^ was not only a faithful wife, but a kind and faithful friend and mother, and a devout Christian. She lived a useful life of forty-seven years, and in the spring of 1846, was called away, leaving a family of seven children to mourn her loss. The number of children that were born unto her marriage was eleven, but four died in early life. The names of the others are: Benjamin, William, Sarah, Joseph, Mar}^ Martha and Phibia. The father of those children married for a second wife, Alvira Garner nee Alvira Shaw. He was reared in the Quaker faith, but at the age of twenty-eight, he became a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and was a zealous member throughout the remainder of his life. His death occurred in the fall of 1857. Benjamin is the older of our subjects, and was born in Butler County, Ohio, November 12, 1S22, but was reared in Rush County, Ind., receiving a fair education in the countr}^ schools. He has followed farming for an occupation. In July, 1840, he married Louisa Hume, who w^as born in Boone County, Ky., in 1820; her death occurred in July of 1875. Seven children were born unto her as follows : Sarah, Mary, Wilbert, Margaret, George and two others who died earlj^ in life. In 1876, Benjamin married for a second wife, Susan Bows, nee Susan Hume. William, the younger of our subjects, was born in Rush Count}', Ind., February 2, 1825, and was reared on a farm in his native county, receiving a common school education in the country schools. He has followed farming as an occupation, and is one of the most extensive farmers of Orange Township. In the spring of 1845, he was united in marriage with Sarah Carpenter, who was born in Butler County, Ohio, May 3, 1825. Unto them have been born John, Catherine and Mei rit.

Benjamin L. McFarlan, whose portrait appears in this volume, is a farmer and stock-raiser of Orange Township, Rush Co., Ind., and was born in Trumbull County, Ohio, October 14, 1844, and is the son of James and Jane (Kelly) McFarlan. The father was born in Mercer Count}-, Pa., and was the son of a native of Scotland. He was a steamboatman by calling, but died in early life, and when our subject was only a small boy. Our subject was reared by his maternal grandparents, who resided in Mercer County, Pa., but who removed to Indiana in 1853, and settled in Decatur County. Benjamin received a common school education in country schools. He was born a poor boy, and in earty life had many obstacles to contend with. He was but a jouth of seventeen years when the Civil War broke out, and in August, of 1861, he enlisted in Company E, Seventh Indiana Infantry, and was the youngest of his company, in which company he served till '64, when he re-inlisted as a veteran volunteer of the same ; and at the expiration of the three years, of the Seventh Infantry, the veterans of the Seventh, Fourteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth were consolidated and known as the Twentieth Infantry, and in which Regiment our subject served till he was mustered out of the service on the 14th of July, 1865, as Orderly Sergeant of his company. At the close of the war he returned to Rush County, and has since been engaged in agricultural pursuits, commencing with a very limited means, but by hard toil and energy he has been successful in the pursuit. He now owns a fine and well improved farm of eighty acres, and is one of the representative farmers of the Count}^ of Rush. He is a progressive and representative citizen. In politics he is an ardent Republican, and has served as County Commissioner of Rush County for one term. In 1866, he was united in marriage with Susan Wood, daughter of Benjamin Wood. One child, a daughter, Alice by name, has blessed the marriage.

LoYD W. McGiNNis, a citizen of Orange Township, Rush Covinty, Ind., was born in Anderson Township, Rush County, November I, 1837, and is the son of Samuel and Sarah (Earlywine) McGinnis. The father was born in Nicholas Count}', Ky., April I, 179S, and was the son of William McGinnis. William was a native of Ireland, and after he emigrated to America, settled in Kentucky; later he removed with his family to Indiana, and settled in Rush County; still later he removed to Hancock County, and remained in that county until his death. He was a teacher by profession, and was an able district school teacher, and was an intelligent and respected man. Samuel, his son, was reared to farming, and followed it for an avocation. When his father removed to Indiana, he was left behind. He was married in Kentucky to the mother of our subject, and afterward came to Indiana and settled in Rush County, and here he lived and followed farming up to the time of his death which occurred June 14, 1869. The mother of our subject was born in Nicholas County, Kj-., April 13, 1798, and died in Rush Count}-, Ind., April 20, 1869. She was married to Samuel October 10, 1816. The following children blessed her marriage: William, Mary, Dulcina, Orville S., James, Franklin, John M., Sanford, Elizabeth, Samuel and Loyd W. Loyd W. was reared on a farm and educated in the countrj' schools. He was born a poor boy, and has had many obstacles to contend with through life, but has been energetic and firm, and has generally accomplished success in whatever he has undertaken. He has followed farming as an avocation, and is a progressive and self-made man. In politics, he is a Republican, and is a member of the Homer Lodge No. 471, of the I. O. O. F. January 16, 1S56, he married Sarah Earlywine, daughter of Daniel and Sarah (Gohegan) Earlywine. She was born in Nicholas County, Ky., Ma}- 6, 1S33. Three children have blessed their marriage, viz.: Josephine, William and Arthur M.

Joseph Ow'en. - The paternal grandfather of our subject, was a native of Georgia, and was of Scotch lineage. His father was a native of Scotland, and emigrated to America about the time of the French and Indian War, and during the American Revolution he was living in Georgia and was killed b}- a band of Tories. The grandfather, Owen, was a farmer and miller. He was an early settler of Rush County, Ind. About 1821, he came from Ohio, Montgomery County, to where he removed from North Carolina to Indiana, and settled on Flat Rock Creek, Orange Township, Rush County,' where he built about the first mill that was operated in Orange Township. The father of our subject, Benjamin Owen, was born in North Carolina, November 15, 1808. He removed with his father to this State and v.'as reared on a farm, and followed farming for an occupation. He lived to be seventy-one years old, and after coming to the State he continuously lived m Orange Township, till his death. Thus his life is identified with the histor}^ of Orange Township. In 1829, he was united in marriage with Millie Haymond. Ten children were born unto this marriage, of whom one son and two daughters are still living. He was married a second and third times, his second wife was Sarah Berry, and the third Jane Sliger. Our subject was born in Rush County, November 18, 1833, was reared on a farm and received a limited education in the country schools. He has followed farming for an occupation. He had a limited capital to begin the battle of life, but he is now a prosperous citizen, enterprising and industrious. In 1S57, he married Sarah Farlow. Three sons and one daughter have blessed the marriage, viz.: Benjamin, John, Elmer and Mary. Our subject has never aspired to public life, but has preferred the life of an in- dependent and prosperous farmer. In politics he is a Republican. He is a friend to all laudable public improvement, and is a progres- .sive citizen.

H. F. Prill is the son of Thomas and Francis (Evans) Prill. The father was born in Rockingham County, Va., February 21, iSoo. He was the son of Thomas Prill, a native of Pennsylvania, and is a lineal descendant of Lord Bargasser of Hessedarrastat, Germany. He was a single man when he went to Virginia, where he was married. The father of our subject was a mechanic by trade, and in 182 1 located in Ohio, and was married in that State May 21, 1833, in Preble County. The fruits of his marriage were one son and two daughters, the son, who is our subject is the only one now living to represent this family of children. His father removed to Rush County, in 1835, where he settled and lived until his death occurred, which was December 15, 1873. He was a practical and successful man in his calling. He was an earlj' settler of Rush County, and followed farming. He was a representative citizen, universall}- respected by all who knew him. He was a member of the German Reform Church, and was a quiet and unoffensive man, noted for his reserved and honest, as well as faithful character. The mother of our subject was born in Bedford County, Va., August 7, 1S05. She was of Welsh and English lineage. She was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and when a child joined this church under the influence of Rev. Rensor Dow. She died November 14, 1SS6, leaving our subject as the only representative of her family. Her daughters, Mary (who died November 21, 1855,) and Elizabeth (who died November 28, 1884), had never married; and our subject has never entered the relationship of marriage, and thus it will be see,n he is th'e only representative of one of the oldest families of Orange Township. He was born in Rush County, Ind., December 31, 1846, and was reared on a farm and received a common school education at the country schools. He has followed farming as an occupation, and together with farming has been in the nursery business. He is a member of the Lutheran Church, and is a progressive man, and an advocate of schools, churches, and public improvement.

Philip Redenbaugh, a farmer and citizen of Orange Township, Rush County, Ind., was born in Jefferson County, Ind., May 13, 1826, and is the son of Philip and Frances (Arbuckell) Redenbaugh. The father was a native of Pennsylvania, and was of German lineage. He was a farmer by avocation. He was married in Pennsylvania, and afterward removed to Ohio, and thence to Indiana, and settled in Jefferson County, of this State. He was married twice, his second wife was the mother of our subject, and was a native of Kentucky, and was of Irish descent. She was the mother of six sons and two daughters - four sons and one daughter are living at present. Our subject was reared on a farm and educated in the country schools. His school daj'S were of an early date, and then the schools were supported by subscription, and were taught in queer log houses. He has followed farming as an occupation, and when he began the battle of life, he began under many difficulties. His parents died when he was young, and he was reared by James Arbuckell, an uncle. He was a poor j'outh, and when he reached his majority had no capital other than willing hands to begin the battle of life. He has, however, been an energetic and industrious man, and has succeeded in surmounting the many obstacles encountered in his course of life. He is truly a self-made man, a prosperous farmer and a representative citizen. In 1S51, February 6, he was united in marriage with Cinderella Wagoner, and unto the union was born a daughter, who died at the age of four years. This wife died January 29, 1S52, thu sliving but a short time to contribute her influence toward the happiness of our subject. He was married to Mary Ann McDuffee, November 3, 1853, and unto the second marriage have been born ten children, five of whom are dead. The names of the living are: Alpheus Theodore, Robert McDuffee, Ulysses Grant, Elbert Morton, Stella May. Our subject has held several positions of honor and trust - among which are the positions of Road Superintendent and Township Trustee. The former position he held for one term, during which time he advanced the idea of graveling the public roads, which idea has been successfull}' placed into practice. The office of Township Trustee of Orange Township, he held for one term, in which capacity he served with ability and satisfaction. He is a progressive man, and is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics he is a Republican. He has ever been an ardent advocate of churches, schools and public improvements. He has served his church twenty-two years as class leader.

James H. Selby is one of the oldest citizens of Orange Township, Rush County, and was born in Harrison County, Kv., December 21, 1S13, and is the son of John and Annie (McCallie) Selby. The father was born on the east shore of Maryland, in 1783, and Avas of English lineage. He was a j-oung man when he emigrated to Kentucky, in which State he married the mother of our subject, unto whom were born the following children : John A., Elizabeth, Sarah, Mary, Jamima and James H., who reached man and womanhood. In 1S27, the father removed from Kentucky to Orange Township, Rush County, where he settled and lived for a number of years. He was a farmer, and a practical and successful one.

He was a zealous member of the Christian Church, and was universally respected bv his actpiaintances. He died in his eightyninth year, ending a long and useful life. Our subject was reared on a farm and received a common school education in the schools of Kentucky. He has followed farming as an occupation, in which he has been a decided success. In 1S35, he was united in marriage with Drusilla Whiteman, unto whom has been born seven children: William, Charles, Mary Ann, Indiana, Sarah, John, and one that died in infancy. Only two of these children are now living, viz. : Charles and Sarah. Our subject is a progressive and a self-made man. When he began the battle of life, he had no capital other than willing hands, and by his untiring energy and enterprise, together with integrity and frugality, he has been successful in accumulating wealth, and has established for himself a good character, and is universally respected as a representative citizen by all who know him. He has been an endorser of religion and liberal education, and is a progressive man, and has encouraged such enterprises that have been for the benefit of the public.

C. M. Selby, a farmer, stock-raiser and dealer, is one of the representative citizens of Orange Township, Rush County, and was born in said township, and is the son of James H. and Drusilla (Whiteman) Selby. He was reared on a farm, and received a common school education in the country schools. He has followed farming as an occupation, raising stock and trading in live stock, has been connected with his farming. When he began the battle of life, he had no capital to begin with, but he has been successful in his calling, by means of energy and enterprise. He is a progressive man and a representative citizen. In September 15, 1S64, he was united in marriage with Samantha Carter, daughter of Finley S. and Eliza Carter. Three children have been born unto the marriage, viz. : Minnie Florence, Mary and Amanda. Our subject has never aspired to public life, but has preferred the life of a prosperous farmer. In politics, he is Democrat, and while he is not a member of any church, he is an advocate of true morality, and is a friend to education and encourages all commendable public improvement.