Rush County, Indiana - Chapter 9: By John L. Sh.vuck, 1888 (part 2 of 3)

In 1S55, the Township Trustees were: Joshua Kelley, John Waggoner and John Scull, they located ten new school houses at their June term, and contracted to have them built for $300 each, these were all frame houses. Philip Reddenbaugh was Trustee from April, 1884 to 1886, and built the new brick school house at Moscow. There are few more substantial school houses in Rush County. The following teachers taught in Orange in 1857-58: John S. Monroe, James Tevis, Croom Swain, Nelson Ranck, Joseph Macklin, David Grubb, James Woodard, William Wheeler and James Stewart. Other teachers were: William M. Alexander, Sylvester Ballard, Knowles Shaw, the well known evangelist, John A. Roberts, Harrison Selbv, J. M. Hedrick, David Grubb, Robert McCann, Isom T. Vest, Beverly Patterson, Lewis Haywood, Jacob Kiltner, Jesse L. Crissler, William A. Selby, Thomas Carter. Henr}? Howard, A. D. Tevis, John W. Raynes, William A. Houston, Green Thompson, John Machlan, James fl. Jones, Charles H. Hunter, Wilbur Machlan, Charles and Erastus W. McDaniel, AUie Gilingham, Lizzie Ging, Nellie and Minnie Stevens, Solon Tevis, Sullivan Hilligoss, McClelland McNeelev, Smith Solomon, George Whisman, George and Bracken Crane, John Carpenter, W. T. Simpson, Albert Rea, Collie E. Kinnev, Nettie Brookbank, now Mrs. Rev. John T. Scull, Sarah J. Wagner, M. C. Wagner, M. Wagner, L. D. Davidson and Lou A. Biddinger.

The following report of a school taught in Orange Township was filed by the Clerk. This was when the Congressional fund was the only public money available: "Personally appeared Laban Selb}- before me William D. Roberts, Clerk of Town 12, Range 9, and made oath that he taught a school in the district school house of District No. 5, in Town 12, Range 9, commencing on the 31st day of August, 1846, and ending the 29th day of January, 1847, and kept a day book with open doors for all the children in said district according to the best of his abilities, as the law requires. Sworn and subscribed to this 17th dav of March, 1847, before me. WilHam D. Roberts, Clerk T. 12, R."9."

Among the men who have been Trustees in this township were : Milton Wagner, Gideon Corey, John T. Scull, William A. Wagner, Philip Reddenbaugh and Franklin Henderson, the present incumbent.

brother of G. W. Thompkins, well known in Rush Count}-. In 1825, his father, ISIathan Thompkins, taught at the same place. This house stood about half a mile south of Milroy on the Edwards' farm, now belonging to John Jackman. In 1826-27, Nathan Thompkins taught in his own cabin just at the west end of town, on lot No. 2, now belonging to John Zimerlee. In 1830, Alex Innis taught northwest of Milroy on the land now belonging to James M.

John Bell and Knowles Shaw, the great evangelist. W. H. Crane taught a mile and a half south of jNIilroy, on the land now belonging to Bowls and Root, in about 1832. In 1834, James Seright taught at the McCart}- school house. Other teachers here were: Milton Wagner, of Orange Township, Wilham Wheeler, 1837-38. Samuel Lowden and Jacob Camer, 1840. This house stood near the graveyard north of Mt. Olivet Methodist Episcopal meeting house.

One of the oldest schools in this township was conducted by Lot Green, father of Samuel Green, of Rush\'ille, and Dr. Green, formerly of Arlington. The house stood on the farm of Jacob Hackleman, now Jesse Winship; this was in 1S28. The next year, George Wrinbro taught here. He treated his pupils on the last da}' of school on whisky. Mrs. John W. Feree was a pupil here when she was five years old. At a school taught in this house this little girl received a prize for best spelling. The prize consisted of two yards of pink ribbon. The Bell school house stood on Gabriel Springer's farm, about the middle of Section 8 ; the land now belongs to the Springer heirs. John Bell, a former County Surveyor, taught several terms here in the early thirties. Amanda Thornburg, of Carthage, taught here. Other teachers were: George Lowden, Dr. Robb, Andrew Young, Thomas Jones and George W. Elstun. William Wheeler taught in 1830-31 near where the Hurricane Christian Church now stands. Barker Brown and G. W. Thompkins were pupils in this school. Jacob Stallard taught in 1833, just south of where William Seright now lives. John Hume now owns the site of this school. Milton Wagner, of Orange Township, taught here a term or two. Other teachers were: Benjamin Boon, 1835; James Axley Stallard, 1837; Loyl Bishop and Andrew Richey, about 1839-41; an Irishman, named Lafferty, about 1S38-39; James Seright, in 1843. Abram Plew, in 1835, taught in a house right by the county line between Rush and Decatur. The house stood on Gosnell's land, and hence called the Gosnell school house. Barker Brown taught his first school in this house in 1843-44. Other teachers here were : William Hand, Nelson Hamilton and James H. Dickson. E. H. M. Berry taught a school south of Mih^oy two miles, in the winter of 1864-65, after he had been elected County Treasurer, but before assuming the duties of the office. He also taught on George Hume's land, in the house called the Burton house, in 1858-59 and 1859-60.

Milrox. - Miss Sallie Bartlett taught in Milroy in 1828-29, on the north side of the street in Nathan Julian's house, now owned by D. C. Stewart. In 1844 or '45, a frame house stood on the east bank of the creek, south side of the street. It was built for a church and school house. It was called the Milroy Atheneum. Celia Winship, afterward Mrs. Celia Hunt, taught here. She was well known in Indiana as a successful educator. Other teachers here were: E. H. M. Berry, Harvey Hedrick, George W. Elston and I. P. Root. In 1855, the Trustees of the township, the Masonic Fraternity and Sons of Temperance combined to build a school building and hall. The Township Trustees were: Jabez Winship, Samuel Henry and G. W. Thompkins. The house was built but burned down, in a few years. E. H. M. Berry followed Celia Winship as teacher in this building. On January 14, i860, the Trustees contracted with Deliscus Lingenfelter for the brick house now used as a public school building. The first school taught in this building was under the skillful management of I. P. Root, a very efficient teacher. He was assisted by William Glass, subsequently an M. D. Dr. O. F. Fitch, well known in this part of Indiana, and a good teacher, had charge of the Milroy schools in 1862-63 and 1865-66. He was assisted by Miss Emily Clements, afterward Mrs. Dr. S. C. Thomas. This lady also taught here subsequent to her marriage. Misses Louiza Miller and Rebecca Thomas taught in this town in 1865.

The first School Trustees in Anderson Township were: E. H. M. Berry, William Thomas and James Buchanan, elected in April, 1853. On the 14th day of May, 1853, the Board ordered an election to be held to determine whether or not the people were willing to be taxed to build school houses. And the vote also decided the question as to the number of houses needed. On the latter proposition there were seventy-four votes in favor of five houses and thirtj-six in favor of seven. The next year the enumeration of school children showed that Anderson Township had 511 children of school age - more than she has to-day. It seems to have been proper in those days to raise large families of children. Among shall, Maude Bartlett, J. W. Ball (Principal 1884), Anna R. Thomas, Sullivan Hilligoss. Dr. Thomas, of Milroy, taught several terms of school in this township. William A. Blair is now Township Trustee. In the past year he has erected a brick school house, No. I, known as " Olive Branch." William Seright, two years ago while serving as Trustee, erected a brick school house in his home district. Thus the old frame houses are gradually giving place to substantial brick buildings.

Richland Township . - In 1830, Alexander Fisher taught in a round log school house - used also for a meeting house. This house stood south of Richland at the cross roads west of Commissioner Patton's. William Morrow' also taught here and preached. Benjamin F. Ricker was another teacher in this school. In a few years a school house was built east of this point on the, farm of Jacob Hite. Among the teachers here were: Alex Fisher, W. P. Andrews, James McConnahay, Lile Hopkins, John M. Washburn, Jonah Morgan and Smith Wright - brother of Elder Harvey Wright. Among the pupils of this school were : Alex Shannon, Jacob Fisher, Thomas Shannon, George Glass (now of Tipton) and James W. Stewart. A log school house stood at the county line between Rush and Decatur on Morgan Linville's farm. William Hogue of Virginia taught here about 1843. Other teachers were: Wilham A. Higgins and Angeline Donnell. The first school house at " Neff's Corner " was of the pioneer class. This has always been a large school; strong in numbers. Among the early teachers here we find Charles W.Morrow - from Noble Township, William Hogue, William Andrews, 1829-30, Robert A. Avers, now in Rushville, Jacob Fisher for many 3'ears Trustee in the township, John W. Glass, a prominent lawyer in Arlington, David S. Morgan, the Rushville attorney, and many others at a later date. A school house stood one mile east of Richland near the Methodist gravej'ard. Among the early teachers we find, Thorp, Hon. William J. Brown, Samuel Tarr, William Morrow (the preacher) and John McConnahay. These were as early as 1828-33. Half a mile north of this point was built a frame house, and Jonah Morgan taught in 1834-35 the first school. Subsequently Harriet Flinn nee Posey taught this school. Jonah Morgan died February 25, 1S37. He was an elder brother of Hon. Jesse Morgan. W. C. Barnes taught the first school at " Clift3\"

Richland Academy. - This institution was started in 1855. A building was erected in '1856. It was controlled by a Board of Trustees, elected by the stockholders. Mr. James McCorkle and Mr. William Patton were the tw'o persons who were most active in originating and, as long as they lived, in supporting the institution.

The first Principal was Rev. A. Montgomery. Under Prof. John McKee it reached its highest point of prosperity. The war came on, the professor raised a company, man)^ of the students entered. Afterward Rev. W. Pollock was elected Principal; then Rev. William Wright; then Prof. Gregg; then Mr. Craig; then Mr. Carr. The last was Prof. Gilmor, now of Allegheny, Pa. The standard of education, meantime, being so raised in our common and graded schools that there was little room between them and the university for such institutions. While it existed it was able to, and did prepare students for the Sophomore and even Junior class in college. Among the many who attended, we might name such lawyers as the late George B. Sleeth, P. M. Green, Pasadena, Col.; George H. Puntenney, Rushville; J. Cooper, Kokomo. Physicians: William Cooper, in Kansas, and H. Graham, Greely, Col. Merchants : J. McCulough, Indianapolis; L. Rankin, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Robert Darst, Milroy. Ministers : W. Hutchinson, Franklin, Ohio ; J. Coven, Indianapolis; J. Elliott, Crawfordsville, Iowa; J. Rankin, Denver, Col.; T. B. Stewart, San Francisco.

The names of many other men, good and true, in each profession, might be given. The names of many ladies might also be given, who, while in the academy and since, have shown themselves (juite as worthy. Prof. Gilmor was Principal of the school after the control of it came into the hands of the Township Trustee. The old academy building was purchased in 1884, by Trustee James Fisher, who subse(|uently built the present elegant school building on the site of the old academy. Ed Taylor is now the Principal of this graded school, assisted b}' Mary McLaughlin. The information concerning the rise and career of the academy is derived almost exclusively from Dr. McDill, of Richland, under whose watchful eye these events have transpired. J. W. Logan is now Trustee of this township, elected April, 1886. In the township are six school buildings, and employment is given to seven teachers. Jacob Fisher served as Trustee from 1859 until the law was so modified that he was no longer eligible. In 1880, Samuel R. Patton, now County Commissioner, was elected Trustee, and served two terms. He was followed by James Fisher, who was elected in 18S4. As before remarked, he built the present elegant school building in Richland.

jRuskville. - The City of Rushville was the scene of the earliest schools in the count}'. Scarcely had the smoke began to ascend from the first settler's cabin in the surrounding forest ere arrangements had been commenced to educate the pioneer youth. Dr. William B. Laughlin was the prime factor in all matters that pertained to the general welfare of the community, and in school af- fairs he was long the unquestioned authority. He was a man of liberal education and possessed of all those qualities that adapted him to lead in all the business of a new country. Having a large family of his own, he took early steps in his new home in the wilderness to give them the advantages of education. It is said that he located here in the winter of 1820-21, and that his famil}' soon after appeared upon the scene. The town of Rushville was laid out in March, 1S22, and being the capital of the recently organized county, immigration at once began. By the fall of 1S22, several families had located here, and some were scattered around the adjoining country. In the midst of his manifold duties, Dr. Laughlin undertook to instruct the children of the neighborhood, in addition to his own. For this purpose a log cabin was erected a few rods from his own house on the ground now occupied by the Presb}'- terian Church. It was there, late in 1822, that the first school in Rush County was taught, according to the statements of Harmon}^ Laughlin, one of the pupils at that term, and also of Dr. Arnold, than whom there is perhaps no better authorit}-. It should be stated, however, that the honor of having the first school in the county is claimed for other localities, as given elsewhere in this chapter. Among the pupils at that school were: Matthias Parsons, David A. Crawford, James Walker and others, in addition to the children that composed the somewhat extensive famity of the teacher. Dr. Laughlin continued to teach there during the winters for several years, giving instruction m the common branches as the custom prevailed in those times.

The growing needs of the town soon demanded a more advanced school, and with his usual enterprise Dr. Laughlin, in 1828, opened the first academic school in the county. This was held in a large two-story log house which he had erected on the lot now owned by Mrs. Patton, but more familiarly known as the Poundstone lot. This building had been constructed for the express use of this school. The course of stud}' embraced many of the higher branches of learning, and was calculated to prepare the student for entrance into college. After three years of moderate patronage this was suspended, and the common subscription schools furnished the only medium of education which the youth of the community enjoved until the organization of the County Seminary in 1837-38.

The early laws of the State provided that fines and certain other sources of revenue should be devoted. to the maintenance of a County Seminar}'. The one in Rush was put in charge of Joseph Nichols, under whose management it remained for several 3'ears. Nothing but the common branches were taught. John W. Barbour was for some time an assistant teacher in this school, and it was the saying that "Nichols taught and Barbour threshed." The seminary was continued until in the decade of the fifties, but never reached that high standard which the public required.

Perhaps the strongest and most valuable advocate of advanced education to succeed Dr. Laughlin was Rev. D. M. Stewart, who came to Rushville in 1836. He was, probably, the most thoroughly educated man in the early history of the county, and his position as pastor of the Presbyterian Church gave him an influence not equaled by any other. He recognized the necessity for better educational facilities, and began in an earnest way to meet it. He engaged Miss Carrie Warner, an accomplished lady from the east, to take charge of a school for young ladies that was to be held at his home. This was in 1844. The school met with some opposition on account of its alleged aristocracy, an element that the new community would not recognize. After some twelve or eighteen months Miss Warner entered the County Seminary, and continued there for a like period. In this last position she was maintained by private subscription with the express understanding that she was to have entire charge of all the teaching. A year later she was joined by her sister, Lj'dia Warner, who gave instructions in music and brought the first piano to Rushville. Lydia Warner afterward became the wife of Hon. Leonidas Sexton.

In 1849, the Rushville High School was begun. This v^^as a school wholly independent of the County Seminar}^ and was supported entirely by private funds. The management was in a board consisting of five trustees, and the teachers were the two Warner sisters, Avith some others. It was kept in the basement of the Presbyterian Church and was designed to give instruction in the higher grades of learning. After about two years the Warners were succeeded by the Langdon sisters who were good educators. This school was controlled by members of the Presbyterian Church, and it was considered as an annex to that organization. Rev. Stewart was its principal guide and director throughout. About the year i8si, another school of a similar character was started, but was not under Presbyterian influence. The movers in that were Dr. Samuel Barbour, John W. Barbour and Amon Johnson. The teachers were two sisters named Morley from New York. This was a decided success and the rivalry, or rather emulation, between these two schools did much toward advancing the cause of female education, to which they were both devoted. It seemed impossible to maintain these schools with marriageable female teachers, as they all entered the matrimonial state not many j-ears after landing in Rush County. These schools were both discontinued about 1855. Rev. D. M. Stewart began a private school for boj-s about the year 1S51, in his own house. The pupils were given such instruction as would fit them for entering college. Among his earliest students in that capacity were Dr. Marshall Sexton, Leonidas Sexton, Norvall W. Cox, William W. Carr, Dr. William A. Pugh, Absalom Megee, William and Hugh Stewart, Thomas and Henry Rucker, Samuel W. Danner and Samuel Culliver.

Under the new constitution the school system was radically changed in Indiana, and in Rushville the schools were maintained under the uncertainties of new laws for several 3-ears. In the absence of school houses the basements of the several churches were brought into use. The teachers each taught whatever the scholars desired, from A, B, C, to algebra. This lack of system and grading, very much impaired the efficiency of the schools.

In this somewhat chaotic condition were the schools of Rushville when in 1869, Prof. David Graham was employed to superintend all the public schools of the city. A new building had just been erectefl at a cost of about $iS,ooo, and evervthing started out under the most favorable circumstances. Under Prof. Graham the schools were then for the first time graded. From a letter written by him in reference to this, the following extract is taken :

"The public schools of Rushville under the present graded svstem commenced October 4, 1869, with the following corps of teachers: David Graham, Superintendent and Principal High School; Miss L. S. Thompson, Principal grammar department; Miss Fannie Fisher, Principal intermediate department; Miss Lou Miller, Assistant intermediate department; Miss Marian Stitt, Principal primary department; Miss Emma Williams, Assistant primar}' department. The number of pupils enrolled the first month was, males, 144; females, 191; total, 335. During the first year, our school was troubled with both measels and whooping cough. This interfered very much with the attendance of the school, so that the first year closed with fewer pupils than when the school opened. The schools were not graded previous to this, and there was no little trouble in getting pupils to attend the departments where they properly belonged, parents frequently insisting that they had a right to select the teacher and department for their children, claiming that they wished the older one to look after the j-ounger one. But with the aid of an efficient board the school was at the close of the first 3'ear, pretty well classified."

This board to which reference is made, was composed of William C. Mauz}^ President; Dr. W. A. Pugh, Secretary, and Virgil B. Bodine, Treasurer. The course consisted of four departments, primary, intermediate, grammar and high school, the first two comprising four years each and the others two years each. To give a detailed histor}^ of the schools from that time to the present would be both tedious and beyond the province of this work. The high merit of Prof. Graham as an instructor and able School Superintendent is evidenced by the fact that he was retained in this same position for thirteen years, and throughout all the changes in the School Board. After having been engaged in school work for thirty-nine years, he resigned the Superintendency in 1SS2 and has since lived in retirement among those vv'hose highest respect and veneration he holds. His successors have been Cyrus W. Hodgins, 1882; James Baldwin, 1883; E. H. Butler, 1886.

Officers and Teachers, 18S6-S7 - Board of School Trustees: S. W. McMahan, President; William E.Wallace, Secretary; Theodore Abercrombie, Treasurer; E. H. Butler, Superintendent. Teachers: Miss Mary D. Reid, Principal of High School; Miss Laura J. Henley, Assistant in High School; Samuel Abercrombie, Teacher of Eight A Grade; Miss E. Belle Kerr, Teacher of Eight B Grade; Miss Mar}- Henle}^ Teacher of Seven A and B Grade; Miss Laura Freele, Teacher of Six A and B Grade ; Miss Mary Lucas, Teacher of Five A and B Grade; Miss Dora Siders, Teacher of Four A and B Grade; Miss Ruby Sexton, Teacher of Three A Grade; Miss Laura Moore, Teacher of Three B Grade; Miss Dora Osborne, Teacher of Two A and B Grade; Miss Belle Gregg, Teacher of One A Grade; Miss Alma Odear, Teacher of One B Grade.

Since the original building was erected, there have been some important changes and additions made. The total value of the school property is now about $25,000. A librar\' has been supplied b}^ the efforts of the pupils in public entertainments and by private contributions. It now consists of about 900 volumes, and is a most valuable adjunct to the schools. Graduation from the High School admits to the State University without examination.

Under Prof. Butler, the present Superintendent, the schools of Rushville have maintained the high standard which they had reached. He is an earnest worker, a good organizer, and an able instructor. Being possessed of those scholarl}- attainments, agreeable manners and quiet firmness, so requisite to success in his calling, he is deservedly one of the leading educators of the State.

School Coiiiiii/ssioiiers, Examiners and Si<perintende)its. - The Rush County Commissioners held their first meeting in April, 1822, and at this session appointed Superintendents of school sections, one for each Congressional township, as follows: Samuel Danner, Henry Sadoras, George Taylor, Christian Clymer, Peter H. Patterson, John Parker, James Jones, Nathan Julian and John Cook. These are the very tirst school officers in the county. Next came the County School Commissioners elected by the people. It was his duty to sell the school lands and distribute the school moneys. Stephen Sims held the office from 1829 to 1834; Alanson Thomas, from 1834 to 1836; A. S. Lakin, from 1836-to 1S48; Claborn L. Donaldson, from 1848 to 1851; Richard S. Poundstone, from 1851 to 1853. In March, 1853, Mr. Poundstone delivered to the Commissioners all his books, papers and archives of the office, and in the following June the Board proceeded to appoint the first Board of School Examiners as follows : D. M. Stewart, Rushville ; Joseph Young, Carthage; E. H. M. Berry, Milroy, all to serve until March, 1854. In 1854 '^"d ^^55' the Board consisted of the following: Joseph Young, Carthage; Lewis H. Thomas, Rushville; John P. Wallace, Noble Township. March, 1856, D. M. Stewart, Gabriel F. Sutton, Center Township; A. S. Montgomer}', Richland. March, 1857, D. M. Stewart, G. F. Sutton, A. S. Morgan, Richland. March, 1858, John McKee, G F. Sutton, H. H. Cambern (Attorney Claud's father). March, 1859, D. M. Stewart, G. F. Sutton, John McKee. March, i860, D. M. Stewart, G. F. Sutton, Josiah Gamble (afterward County Superintendent of Fayette County. March, 1861, D. M. Stewart, G. F. Sutton, E. H. M. Berry. These to serve until June, 1861, at which time the Commissioners appointed D. M. Stewart, County Examiner for three years; William Cassady, 1S64, George Campbell, 1865-68 (attorney's father). A. B. Campbell, now of Kansas, served out his father's unexpired term, 1867 to 1868. J. M. Hodson, of Ripley Township, 1868. He removed in 1869, and Walter S. Smith, of Milroy, was appointed, and in 1870 he resigned and David Graham was appointed in September to fill the second vacancy in this official term. In 1871, Prof. Graham elected for the ensuing term of two years. He served until June, 1873, when the Township Trustees elected W. T. Moffitt, County Superintendent. Rev. A. E. Thompson was elected in 1875: "Rev. J. B. Blount, in 1877 ; John L. Shauck, 18S1, and W. S. Meredith, the present incumbent in 1887. These are in brief, the school officials whose field is the count}'. Prior to 1853, the State Superintendent appointed the School Examiners. Among those so appointed were: Edghill Burnside, John S. Reid, of Liberty, Job Pugh, Finley Bigger, and probably others.

Abner Bebout was born in Fleming County, K}-., February 22, 1819, and is the son of Peter and Elizabeth Bebout. The former came to Rush County in 1826, and here died in 1830. By occupation, the subject of this biography is a farmer and stockraiser. The marriage of Mr. Bebout occurred in 1839, to Miss Mary Gardner, daughter of Robert and Sarah Gardner. To this marriage were born the following children: Sarah Ann, Robert F., Albert, Elizabeth, Louisa, Lottie, James, Caroline, Rosa K., and Thomas H. Mrs. Bebout died in December, 1878, and two years later Mr. Bebout was married to Miss Sarah Mahin. They are the parents of two children, viz.: Belle and Maude. Politically, he is a Republican. As a farmer, he has been successful, and as a citizen, is well respected.

Jaaies R. Carr, a prominent farmer of Walker Township, was born in Rush County, February 28, 1830, the eighth in a family of eleven children, born to Isaac and Lementine (Hilligoss) Carr, natives of Kentucky, and of Irish descent. They were among the pioneers of this county. Our subject grew to manhood on a farm and was educated at the subscription and public schools. In 1879, he purchased his present farm, which consists of 160 acres of well improved land. February 11, 1858, Mr. Carr was united in marriage to Miss Sarah J. Miller, born February 14, 1S36, daughter of Alexander and Hannah (Morrison) Miller, natives of Kentucky. To the above named union, were born four children, viz.: Irvin, born December 27, 1858; Leroy, born October 20, 1864; Charles^ born June 26, 1S67, and Oria, born November 9, 1869. March 13,- 18S2, Irvin married Miss Sarah Lyons, a native of Rush County, and now resides in Madison Count}', Ind. Formerly Mr. Carr was a Whig, but now is a firm Democrat. Mr. and Mrs. Carr are members of the Presbyterian Church.

William H. Creed was born in Liberty Township, Shelby County, Ind., August 4, 1858, and is the eldest in a family of sbc children born to Smith and Larinda (Henderson) Creed, the former born in Lancaster Count}-, Pa., and the latter born in Fayette County, Ind. Our subject received a good common school education and remained on the farm with his parents until eighteen years of age, when he began working at the blacksmith trade, which he : continued four years, and then came to Manilla. Here he sooo established a profitable business, and now in addition to blacksmithing, manufactures buggies, wagons, etc. Mr. Creed was married December 20, 1882, to Miss Viola, daughter of Evan S. and Sarah (Youngman) Jones, the former a native of Hillsdale County, Mich., and the latter a native of Fayette County, Ind. Mr. Creed is a member of Blue Ridge Lodge No. 554, I. O. O. F., and a Democrat. Mrs. Creed is a member of the Christian Union Church.

of ten children, born to William and Martha (Moffitt) Ellison, natives of Kentucky. The early life of our subject was spent upon the farm and he now owns 182 acres of valuable land, upon which he has erected a substantial residence. August 14, 1851, Mr. Ellison was united in marriage to Sarah E., daughter of Amues and Rosa A. (Dunn) Duke, the former a native of Bourbon County, Ky., the latter of Larue Count}-, Kj-., and is yet living. Mrs. Ellison was born June 28, 1834. They are the parents of seven children, viz. : an infant who died unnamed, James M., born September 26, 1852; Charles F., born July 13, 1856; Lonzo P., born February 18, 1859; Elmer E., born January 20, 1862; Flora B., born September i, 1866, and Hattie A., born July 29, 1870. Mr. Ellison is politically a Republican, and he and family are members of the Christian Church. Mr. and Mrs. Ellison are Avell known and highlj' esteemed citizens.

John" A. English, a representative farmer of Walker Township, was born in Bath County, Ky., February 24, 1823, son of John and Joanna (Kincaid) English, the former a native of Tennessee, and the latter of Pennsylvania. The father died in this county, August, 1853, and the mother in 1862. At the age of nine 3'ears, our subject came with his parents to Rush County, where they settled on the farm now owned by our subject and upon which he has erected an elegant residence. Mr. English was united in marriage, January 5, i860, to Miss Mahala A., daughter of Benjamin and Mary (Waugh) Plummer, both natives of Kentucky, and both deceased. Mrs. English is a native of this county, and was born May 20, 1836. Mr. and Mrs. English are the parents of three children, viz. : Andrew F., born December 8, i860; John L., born July 17, 1863, and Mary C, born April 8, 1869. Our subject and wife are both old settlers and are well preserved for the work they have done. He is a Democrat, and his wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

Jacob Gahimer, a pioneer farmer of Walker Township, was born in Germany, May 4, 1804, and is the onl}^ son of George Gahimer. Soon after his birth, his mother died, his father follow- ing in less than nine j-ears. Our subject attended school until fourteen years of age, after which he followed teaming and farming until about 1834, when he immigrated to Rush County, and settled in Walker Township, where he has followed the vocation of a farmer and where he owns a fine farm of 120 acres, besides giving each of his children a farm. His marriage occurred in 1827, to Miss Mary Debriz, a native of Germany, and daughter of George and Mar}' Debriz. To this marriage were born the following children : Catherina, Mickel, Jacob, John, Margaret, Mary and

John M. Haehl, a prominent farmer of Walker Township, was born January 27, 1832, in Merchien, Germany, being the son of Conrad and Mary B. (Glisch) Haehl, both natives of Germany. When eight ^-ears old he came with his parents from Germany to Rush County and lived with his father on the farm now owned by Frederick Haehl, until twenty-two years old. At the district school he gained a good common school education. August 27, 1854, he married Sarah Headley, a native of Rush Count}^, the daughter of Thomas and Eliza J. (Carney) Headley. The young couple commenced their married life on the farm where they now live in Section 27, near Manilla, having only a small log hut to shelter them and a stable large enough for one horse, but by hard work and good management, they have reared a large family respectably and have built for themselves a home that thej' may well be proud of. Mr. Haehl now owns 240 acres of good land in a high state of cultivation, well improved, with a fine dwelling and other firstclass buildings. He has six children: Jennie M., born June 13, 1S55; Frederick E., born January 6, 1857; Emma L., born November 22, 1858; Cordelia, born January 28, i860; Harry M., born October 5, 1867 ; Allie M., born March 16, 1869. Of these the following are married: Jennie M., to Orval Bishop, June 24, 1881; Frederick E., to Frankie Parker, November 17, 1878; Emma L., to Daniel Deprez, November 23, 1876; Cordelia, to Charles Morrison, MaA" 5, 1886. Mr. and Mrs. Haehl are church members. The former is a Republican in politics.

Frederick J. Haehl, a prominent farmer of Walker Township, was born in Merchien, Germany, December 26, 1834, being the son of Conrad and Mary B. (Glisch) Flaehl, both natives of Germany. When six years old he immigrated from his native land with his parents and came to Rush County, Ind., stopping, however, about five weeks in Shelby County, while in the wilds of the forest, on the farm where our subject now lives, a small log hut was being built for them to live in. In 1850, his father died, and three j'ears later he went to California, crossing the plains in a wagon. He remained there three years and returned to this county, where he has since lived, a prosperous and respected farmer. He now owns 240 acres of good land, in a high state of cultivation and well improved. His mother died February 14, 1861. He was married January 6, 1859, to Barbara Kuhn. There was born to this marriage one son, Edward, born January 26, 1861, who on October 23, 1883, was married to Wilhelmina Huey. Shortly after the death of his mother, Mr. Haehl was again be- reaved by the loss of his wife. About two years after that sad event he married Barbara Theobold, a native of Germany, who was the daughter of George M. and Mary K. (Haehl) Theobold, both natives of Germany. This union has been blessed with seven children: Laura M., Conrad F., Ella H., Katie, LiUian, Harley C, and Arno. Our subject's son, Conrad F., was married to Ella R. Robinson, September 8, 1886. Mr. Haehl is a Repubhcan in politics.

Frederick E. Haehl, hardware merchant of Manilla, was born in Walker Township, Rush Count}', Ind., June 6, 1855. His parents were John M. and Sarah (Headley) Flaehl, natives of Germany, and Rush County, Ind., respectively. His boyhood was spent on his father's farm. At the district schools of his neighborhood and at Manilla, he received a good common school education. He was married at the age of twent^'-two, and spent seven years on the farm once owned by Thomas Headley. His efforts on the farm were rewarded with success, but because of failing health he moved to Manilla and then in August, 1887, purchased the hardware business of Joseph Zike. B}^ close attention to business and fair dealing, he has become one of the most prominent business men of Manilla. He was married November 17, 1878, to Frankie Parker, who, born in Decatur County, Ind., August 18, 1858, is the daughter of John W. and Sarah (Linnev) Parker. There were born to this marriage four children : Larra, born September 13, 1879; Bertha, born October 24, 1881; Hattie, born March 13, 1883; Emma, born August 17, 1886. Mr. Haehl is a Republican in politics. Mrs. Haehl is a member of the Christian Church. Both are estimable citizens.

Mrs. Eliza Jane Headley, a venerable widow lady of Walker Township, was a native of New York, being the sixth child in a family of eleven born to Steven and Leha (Lowilliger) Carney. Our subject emigrated to Penns3-lvania when she was eight years of age, and settled in the eastern part of the State on a farm, and continued to live there until she was joined in wedlock to Thomas Headle}', December 19, 1824, and continued on a farm in Pennsylvania for a few 3'ears, then emigrated with her husband and three children to the west and settled in Shelby County, where they lived about two j^ears upon a farm; then they came and entered eight}' acres of land in Rush County, in Section 27, and built a house, in the dense forest, of logs, having only one room. Mr. Headley hewed the logs and did all the carpenter work on it; they continued to live there until this happy family was broken by the death of the husband, leaving a wife and four children to mourn his loss, after which our subject continued to live on the homestead about five years, when she quit house-keeping and went to live with J. M. Haehl, where she now resides. To Mrs. Headley were born twelve children, of whom nine are deceased and three still survive. Susan, Stephen, Leah, Joshua, Nancy, Benjamin, Josephus, Thomas C. and Lucv A., are deceased; Sarah, Milton and Alpheus, still survive. Sarah was married to J. M. Haehl, August 27, 1854; Milton was married to Luc}- Boreing September 6, 1S6S; Alpheus married Matilda Shaffer, October 3, 1S67. Mrs. Headley is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; she is an elderly lad}', and is highly respected by all.

Sylvester Hilligoss, a prominent farmer of this township, was born in Rush County, April 18, 1834, being the third son born to Levi and Jane (Vensant) Hilligoss, both natives of Kentuck^^ and who in an early da}- came to Rush Count}', and entered the land now owned by our subject. His farm consists of 488 acres, the greater part of which is in a high state of cultivation, and his residence is the finest in Walker Towship. The marriage of Mr. Hilligoss was solemnized February 28, 1S60, to Miss Jane Mull, born in Rush County, July 9, 1835, daughter of Frederick and Jane (McDonald) Mull, natives of Virginia and Ohio, respectively. To this union four children were born, viz. : Orato, born September 29, 1862, and died November 17, 1S63; Cvrus, born June iS, 1865; Frederick, born November 5, 1868, and Elmer, born Juh' 7, 1875, and died January 14, 1877. Politically, he is a Democrat, and he and wife are members of the Christian Church. Thev are widely known and highly esteemed.

St. Clair Hurst was born in Plymouth County, Kv., March 18, 181 5, and is the third son of six children, born to William and Mar}^ (Emmons) Hurst. He received a good education and spent his boyhood days on a farm. About 184S, Mr. Hurst came to Rush Count}^ and settled on the farm he now owns, and which at that time was a dense forest. Mr. Hurst was united in marriage June 23, 1846, to Miss Malata J., daughter of George and Margaret Sutton, the former a native of New Jersey, and the latter of Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Hurst are the parents of three children, viz. i Martha A., now Mrs. J. R. King, born August 23, 1855; Mary E., now the wife of B. F. Kirk, born October 14, 1856, and an infant that died unnamed. Politicalh', he is a Democrat. Mr. and Mrs. Hurst are members of the Christian Church.

John J. Inlow, M. D., an able and scholarly physician of the flourishing little town of Manilla, was born in Fleming County, Ky., February 13, 1826; he was the oldest son of two children, born to Abraham and Sophia (Bell) Inlow, the former a native of Fleming County, Ky., born July 18, 1802, and was of Welsh descent, died

January 25, 1872; the latter a native of Lewis County, K3'., and was of English descent, died June, 1828. Our subject's mother died when he was but quite small, and he with his brother and father went to live with James Inlow (his paternal grandfather) until his father was married to Mary Payne, then going with them, but only remained about three months; then his grandfather, James Inlow, took him to raise. This union was blessed with six children, as follows: Jane, Samuel S., Thomas, Joseph, Lucy and Octave. Our subject grew up to manhood with his (grandfather, in his native count}', and helping him on the farm during this time, in the winter season he attended the subscription schools, he also attended the Flemingburg Academ}- one year, and by so doing he received a good common school education. In the fall of 1846, he became. tired of the vocation of a farmer and went to Flemingburg and began the stud}^ of medicine, under Dr. E. O. Bell, and continued this until the fall of 1S49 successfully, then attending a course of lectures in the Ohio Medical College, at Cincinnati, until the spring of 1849, and from these lectures he returned to his native county, to a small town by the name of Martha Mills; and it was there he began his profession, and continued there from April, 1849, until 1851. Becoming dissatisfied, as the county was rough, and thinking he could do much better in the north, he came through on horseback and located in Manilla, Rush County. He landed here in December of 1S51, and bought Dr. J. W. Trees out, then began his profession January i, 1852, and has ever since pursued the medical practice continually. He continued the practice alone for about two years, then he and Dr. J. W. Trees formed a partnership, and pursued the practice of medicine together for some two years. During this time he was also connected in the mercantile business, after which he sold this to Dr. J. W. Trees, then buying him out in the profession, and has ever since practiced his profession successfully, although he has had some bad luck. In 1856, he lost his office and dwelling by fire, then building a small office on this lot, he was compelled to rent property for some time. In 1861, he replaced on this lot a very fine dwelling. With the exception of this he has been successful financially in all his undertakings. As he has a farm of 536 acres of good land, 138 acres of this is situated in Shelby Countv, and the balance in Walker Township, the most of which is all well improved land. In June 28, 1853, our subject was joined in the happy wedlock to Mary A. Mull, a native of Rush County, born April 28, 1831, daughter of Jacob and Margaret (Richardson) Mull, the former a native of Loudoun County, Va., born July 12, 1803, and of German descent, died June 16, 1857; the latter a na- tive of New Jerse-,', born January 3, 1805, and of Irish descent, died April 21, 1S72. To this union there were born nine children, six daujjhters and three sons, as follows: Emma S., born July 11, 1854; and two infant daughters, both unnamed; William E., born April 29, 1859; Kattie, bom February 19, 1861; Kattie, died September 7, 1862; Cyrus E., born February 18, 1863; Lulie J., born February 24, 1865; Charles, born August 3, 1867; Luc}^ J., born February 7, 1870; of these two daughters are married as follows: Emma S., to Nathan F. Talbott, January 22, 1878, and resides in Chattanooga, Tennessee; Lulie J., to Louis J. Kaufman, August 17, 1884, and resides in Columbus, Indiana. Mr. and Mrs. Inlow are both members of the Christian Church. He believes in upholding the principles of the Democratic party, in politics. He and family are good citizens and well respected by all.

George S. Jones, the eldest son of William P. and Sarah Jones, was born near the town of Jonesville, in Lee County, Va., June 12, 1840. His boyhood was spent on the farm, and attended a select school during the winter. By occupation his father was a carpenter, and George S. assisted him in that vocation for several years. The subject of this biography is the possessor of a good common school education, and at the age of eighteen years began teaching in the public schools of Kentucky, and three years thereafter came to Shelby County, Ind., and continued the profession of a teacher until 1863, when he enlisted in Company I, Seventh Indiana Cavalry.. Februarj- 22, 1864, he was wounded at the battle of Okoloma, Mississippi, and was captured bv the enemy and confined in the prison at Andersonville, from which he made his escape one year afterward and was honorably discharged from the service June 13, 1865, and then returned to Shelby County and resumed his former occupation. As a teacher, he attained more than ordinary success, and has been connected with some of the best schools of this part of Indiana. During his residence at Fairland, in Shelbv County, he founded the Fairlami Bulletin, which he continued for three years, and then removed the paper to Shelbyville and changed its name to the S/iclby ]^olinitcer, now known as the S/icIbv Times, and continued his newspaper work for three years, where he again took up the profession of school teaching, and later was appointed to a position in the United States Pension Office. The political sentiments of Mr. Jones are that of an earnest and never tiring Democrat, and in 1886, was the nominee of his party for Congress, of the Sixth Congressional District. Mr. Jones is a man of fine social qualities, and his political popularity was fully attested by the fact that he ran several hundred votes ahead of his ticket. In 1870, Mr. Jones was united in marriage to Miss Cvnthia Ann, daughter of Andrew J. and Catharine J. Cherry, and to them were born the following: Andrew, born October 8, 1871, and Thomas Hendricks, born November 27, 1876. Mr. Jones is a Mason, an Odd Fellow, and a member of the G. A. R.

Thomas A. Joxes, the subject whose name introduces this biography, is a native of Fleming Count^% Ky., born June 3, 1843, being the fifth in a familv of eight children, born to Thomas D. and Jane (Kirk) Jones, who were natives of Virginia and Pennsylvania, respective!}'. The former died in 1883, and the latter in 1853. The early youth of our subject was spent in his native county. In 1862, he volunteered in Company A, Tenth Kentucky Cavalry, and served fourteen months, during which he participated in the following battles : Richmond, Winchester and a number of minor battles. March 19, 1863, he was commissioned Second Lieutenant, which position he held during the remainder of his service, and was honorably discharged September 17, 1863, and soon after came to Indiana and settled in this township, where he now owns 103 acres of good land, upon which is a beautiful residence. Mr. Jones was married October 30, 1865, to Miss Louisa F. Gardner, a native of Walker Township, born October 5, 1844, daughter of Landon and Nancy (Jones) Gardner, natives of Kentucky. To this marriage were born four children, viz.: Ella, born January 6, 1871, and died August 6, 1872; Willie E., born August 6, 1873; Herman E., born September 20, 1875, and Nellie E., born January 15, 1879. Mrs. Jones died January 12, 1882. Mr. Jones is a Republican, a member of Phoenix Lodge No. 62, F. & A. M. and a G. A. R.

Thomas Logan is a native of Rush County, Ind., born May 19, 1827, second child born to James L. and Elizabeth (Mann) Logan, natives of Ireland and Ohio. The former died August 13, 1881, and the latter June 13, 1880. The subject of this sketch received a limited education and was raised on the farm. In 1847, he removed to Des Moines County, Iowa, and settled on a farm and here remained seventeen years, when he returned to Rush County and soon afterward settled on the farm he now owns, and which contains 160 acres of good land. Mr. Logan was married August 30, 1S47, to Miss Sarah Lefforge, born in Noble Township, November 22, 1829, daughter of John and Harriet (Herndon) Lefforge natives of New Jersey and Virginia. To this union were born twelve children, viz.: Elizabeth J., born 1849; John N., born 1850; Harriet A., born 1852; Mary E., born 1855; Emisetta, born 1856; Charlotta A., born 1858; Laura C, born 1861; Charles B., born 1865; James T., born 1867; Myrtle M., born

1869; Omer D., born 1S70 (deceased), and Mattie, born 1873. Politically, he is a Democrat, and he and wife are members of the Baptist Church.

JosiAH Miller was born in Fleming County, Ky., September I, 1806, and is the 3'oungest in a family of fifteen children born to John and Margaret (Bowier) Miller, the former a native of Tennessee, the latter of Maryland and of Irish descent. Our subject was reared in his native county, where he attended school in winter and farmed in summer. About 1831, Mr. Miller came to Rush County and settled in Walker Township, where he owned 400 acres of valuable land, but which he has now given to his children. The marriage of Mr. Miller was solemnized in 1829 to Lucinda, daughter of Joseph and Mary Jones, who was born in 1810. Her parents were natives of Virginia and are both deceased. To this union were born ten children, viz. : Joseph G., born June 7, 1833; Margaret, born January 3, 1835; Mary J., born April 2, 1837; Sarah E., born January' 28, 1840; John S. and James (twins, the latter deceased), born April 25, 1844; Nancy A., born September 29, 1847; William S., born March 4, 1850; Robert M. (deceased), born March 24, 1852; and an infant who died unnamed. Mrs. Miller died December 30, 1876. Mr. Miller is a Democrat and for many 3'ears has been a member of the Presbyterian Church.

Cyrus Mull. - The great grandfather of Cyrus Mull was David Mull, a native of Germany, who came to America in 1740, and settled in Pennsylvania, where he married. About i757, he moved to Loudoun County, Va., where he died. He had five children, George, the youngest, being grandfather of Cyrus. George was born in Loudoun County, Va., about 1772, and married there in 1783, Catherine Long, who was born in Lancaster County, Pa., about 1774. From this marriage there were born seven children: David, Anthon)-, John, Frederick, George, Elizabeth and Jacob, all born in Loudoun County, Va. Jacob, the father of Cyrus, was born in 1803, and married in Ohio, Margaret Richinson, of Scotch descent, born in New Jersey. In 18 14, George with his family, moved to Warren County, Ohio, where Catherine his wife died August, 1823. In March, 1826, George with two of his sons, George and Jacob, moved to Rush County and settled in the forest, George in Rushville Township, and Jacob in east side of Walker Township. George, the father, died here in December, 1827, and his remains were taken back to Warren County, Ohio, and sleep beside those of his wife. Frederick also came to Rush County and settled near his brothers, and remained there until his death. Jacob Mull moved from his farm to Manilla, in 1838, where he lived until his death in 1861. Most of his time was engaged in carrying on a general store. Cyrus Mull was born March 19, 1829, in the eastern part of Walker Township, Rush Count}', and was the third of four children. Catherine was the wife of Dr. J. W. Trees, and is not living. George died at seven years of age, Mary Ann, now wife of Dr. J. J. Inlow. Cyrus after his father moved to Manilla, spent his time as other boys, attending school part of the time until about his eighteenth year; his father then bought a farm near bj', and he managed that until he became twentv-one j'ears old, when a partnership was formed, consisting of Jacob Mull, Cyrus Mull and J. W. Trees, under the firm name of J. & C. Mull & Trees, for the purpose of carrj'ing on a general store. It was then customary for many country stores to sell goods on credit from January i, until Christmas, and then buy the farmers' hogs, drive them on foot to Cincinnati and sell them, and on return make general settlements of the j-ear's business. In this line of business Cyrus acquired some knowledge of the traffic in live stock, and experience in business, and in after life for a time, devoted his entire attention to the live stock trade, and by prudence, carefulness and honesty, accumulated a large estate, made mostly between the years 1S57 and 1883. He married September 17, 1857, Eleanor J. Kerrick, at Milroy, Ind., daughter of Nimrod Kerrick, a Methodist minister, a native of Loudoun County, Va., whose wife was Mary Masters, a native of Lancaster County, Pa. They resided on a farm adjoining Manilla, where he died of nervous brain exhaustion Jul}^ '], 1883, leaving his widow and six children surviving him, two other children died in infancy. Those living are: Thomas K., born i860; WiUiam C, born 1863; Frank A., born 1864; Leonidas H., born 1866; George F., born 186S; Jacob C, born 1878, and Mar}- M., born 1882. He was a leading citizen and probably the wealthiest man in the county at his death, was a Director of the Rushville National Bank, also one of the First National Bank of Shelb3'ville. He was a devoted husband. In all of his varied and extensive business operations, his whole life seemed centered around the family hearthstone, and he made it a happy and comfortable place for all who came there. No man in the county took greater pleasure in entertaining his friends at his fireside. His devotion to his wife and famih^ was a marked feature of his life. Though not a member of any order, society or church, the principles of Christian morality seemed to govern him in every transaction of his life. The last few j-ears of his life his time was given mostly to lending money and managing his farms and monetary affairs. Instead of collecting his money by law, and enforcing his claims against debtors, through the Sheriff, he sought to aid by fi'iendly advice and counsel lagging debtors, and would stand by and assist one he believed to be honest, to the last. He was never known to oppress one of his debtors so long as he found him honestly striving to meet his obligations. A better man for the community in which he lived, or more generally missed, is very rare.

William Mull, an old settler of Rush Count}^, was born in Walker Township, April 26, 1828, the third son born to Fr«?derick and Jane (McDonald) Mull, the former a native of Virgii_"a, and the latter of Ohio. In 1826, the father of Mr. Mull came to Indiana, and settled on 160 acres of land in Walker Township. The subject of this sketch received a limited education at the subscription schools and until twentj'-one years of age assisted his father on the farm. By occupation he is a farmer, and now owns 884 acres of well improved land. Mr. Mull was united in marriage February 27, 185 1, to Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Felding and and Pheobe Jones, natives of Virginia and Tennessee, respectively, and both of whom are are now deceased. Mr. and, Mrs. Mull are the parents of nine children, viz.: Monroe, born February 27, 1852 (deceased); Omer P., born August 24, 1853; Madaline, born December 28, 1855; Clarissa, born July 21, 1858; Francenia, born July 13, i860 (deceased); Alice, born June 6, 1862; Nellie, born November 16, 1864; Arnold, born December 22, 1868, and William E., born Januaiy i, 1873. Mr. Mull is a Republican and a member of the Masonic order. Mr. and Mrs. Mull are Seventh Day Aventists.

William D. Mull, a pioneer of Rush County, was born in Rushville Township May 3, 182S, third son in a family of six children born to George and Maiy (Ball) Mull, and is of German- Scotch lineage. The father of our subject was a native of Loudoun County, Va., and died in this count}', January 15, 1887. His mother was born in New Haven, Ohio, and now lives on the farm with Martin Miller, in Rushville Township. At the age of twentysix j'ears Mr. Mull began farming for himself, and Januar}' i, 1855, he removed to the farm he now occupies, and which consists of 155 acres of good land and a fine residence. His marriage occurred October 26, 1854, ^o Miss Amanda Cart, bom February 20, 1834, daughter of Adam and Ehzabeth Cart, natives of Virginia. To this marriage were born two children, viz.: John W., born January 26, 1857, and Erma A., born January 24, 1859. January 22, 1865, Mrs. Mull died, and Mr. Mull was married, January 15, 1866, to Miss Sidney, daughter of Isaac and Nancy J. (Inlow) Hilligoss, natives of Kentuck}'. To this union were born these children, viz. : Ida, born May 10, 1870, and George M., born January 25, 1873, and died September 21, 1881. Politicallj', Mr. Mull is a Democrat. Mrs. Mull is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

Frederick Mull was born in Rush County, Ind., February 4, 1833, being the fifth in a family of seven children, bora to Frederick and Jane (McDonald) Mull, the former a native of Virginia, and the latter of Ohio. Our subject received a good education, and until twentv-three years of age, assisted his father on the farm. In 1S65, Mr. Mull removed to Kansas, and there remained until January 11, 1866, when he returned to Rush Count}-, where he has since lived. He has 270 acres of valuable land and a beautiful residence. The marriage of Mr. Mull was solemnized December 18, 1856, to Miss Polly, daughter of Cuthberth and Hannah (Knotts) Webb, natives of Ohio, and who are now deceased. Mrs. Mull was born in this count}^ August 8, 1830, and is the mother of these five children: Laura, born November 25, 1857; Alma, born August 27, 1859; Dora, born July 2, 1862, and died October 19, 1865; Larue A., born May 20, 1864, and Bert, born September 21, 1867. Mr. Mull is a Democrat, and a member of Manilla Lodge No. 34, F. & A. M. He and wife are members of the Christian Church.

George W. Thomas, one of the most prominent farmers and stock-raisers of Rush Countv, was born in Walker Township, July 15, 1844, son of George and Lvdia (Walker) Thomas, natives of Lewis Count}', Ky. In 1829, the father of our subject came to Rush County, where he entered land, and three years later removed his family to the new home. In i860 and 1861, he represented Rush County in the General Assembly of Indiana, and also took an active part in the organization of the Fifty-second Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He was an Elder in the Christian Church, and in early days his residence was known as " the preacher's home," it being the stopping place of all ministers and circuitriders. His death occurred October 30, 1863, his companion following February 24, 18S4. Mrs. Thomas was also a member of the Christian Church, she being one of the first members of this denomination. The immediate subject of this biography received a good common school education and was reared on the farm he now owns, which consists of 193)^ acres of well improved land. In addition to farming, he has given his attention to thoroughbred stock, and now has some of the finest stock in this part of the State. The marriage of Mr. Thomas was solemnized in 1880, Miss Emma S. Smith being the bride. She was born in Fulton, Illinois, and daughter of William and Mary A. Smith, the former a native of Kentucky, and the latter of Illinois. To this union were born the following children: Clarence, born April 16, 18S2, died April 24, 1S82, and William W., born April 19, 1884. Politically, Mr. Thomas is a Republican, and he and wife are members of the Christian Church.

Joseph Tomes, farmer, was born in Dearborn County, Ind., August 17, 1S15, being the youngest of two children born to Conrad and Rachel (Bridges) Tomes, natives of Pennsylvania. The early boyhood days of our subject were spent in his native county, attending school in winter and farming in summer. Subsequently, the family removed to Decatur County, Ind., where our subject worked at cabinet making in addition to farming, and six years later, learned the brick mason's trade, which he continued eighteen years, and then came to Rush County. About 1843, he purchased the farm where he now resides, and which at that time contained 200 acres. To this he added at various times until he owned 1,017 acres, which, excepting 132 acres, he has given to his children. Mr. Tomes was married in 1837 to Miss Mary Small, born February 20, 181 8, daughter of John and Nancy (Foster) Small, natives respectively of Germany and Kentucky. To this union were born ten children, viz.: John F., born March 30, 1840; James W., born April 7, 1842; George W., born February 10, 1844; Milan P., born October 16, 1846; Lucinda F., born January 21, 1850; Joseph H., born April 28, 1852; Manerva F., born February 6, 1855; and Harriet J., born June 15, 1858; James W. died March 23, 1876, leaving a wife and four children. Mr. Tomes is a Republican, and he and wife are members of the Christian Church. Dr. James W. Trees, of Manilla, was born in Clermont County, Ohio, March 21, 1818. His parents were Adam and Mary Ann (Hill) Trees. The former was a native of Westmoreland County, Penn.; the mother the daughter of John Hill, was born aboard ship, on the Atlantic Ocean. The great grandfather, John Trees, emigrated from Germany to Pennsylvania prior to the Revolution, in which he served for three 3'ears. The maternal grandfather emigrated from Pennsylvania to Bracken County, Ky., and from there to Clermont County, Ohio. The Doctor is the fourth child of his parents, with whom he, at the age of five years, came to Rush County, being ten days on the road from Clermont County to Richland Township, where they arrived March 27, 1823, over almost impassable roads, the Miami and White Water having to be crossed. Here his time was passed until December, 1835, assisting to clear lands and attending district schools, which the Doctor avers were better than most schools of their class. Our subject continued his rural life until 1838, when he went to Milroy, and commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Samuel Barbour, at the same time clerking in a store. He assiduousty pursued his studies until 1841, in May of which year he was licensed to practice by the Indiana Medical Institute, and immediately commenced practice in partnership with his preceptor. September 3, 1S41, he removed to Manilla, and went into business for himself. September 18, 1842, Dr. Trees was united in marriage with Catherine, daughter of Jacob and Margaret Mull. By this marriage there were six children: Ethan Allen, born June 10, 1844, now married and living in Manilla; Leander M., born October 4, 1846, died May 7, 1S87; Cyrus E., born August 4, 1848, and doing business in Manilla; Levanche, born June 25, 1853, died October 19, 1857; Margaret M., ' August 24, 1858, died March 21, 1874; Marshall, born x\pril 18, 1861, died August 8, 1861. Mrs. Trees died November 5, 1884, and she with the dead ones whom she loved lie buried within the silent confines of the Manilla cemetery. Mr. Trees was married to Miss Sarah Harshman, of Shelbvville, November 10, 1886. He has ever been a Democrat, and by his close application to his profession, which he renounced more than a quarter of a centur}^ ago, and b}'' strict attention to business he amassed a goodly fortune. He and his two living sons, Ethan A. and Cyrus E., are of the staunchest business men in the county, and rate high in business circles wherever known. The Doctor's portrait appears on another page of this volume.

Cyrus E. Trees, of Manilla, is a son of Dr. J. W. Trees, of that place, whose sketch appears above. He was born August 4, 1848. He obtained a good common school education in the schools near his home, which was supplemented by a course in the Northwestern Universit}'. Being thus thoroughl}- prepared for the duties of life, and possessing all the natural endowments necessary- to a successful business man, he entered upon a career that has been unusually prosperous. His enterprise has been the most potent factor in bringing about the present high standing which INIanilla enjojrs among the surrounding towns as a place of commercial importance. He has for several years been identified with every movement that was of importance to his communitv from either a financial or moral standpoint. Associated with his father in the grain business he has contributed largely to make Manilla one of the best grain markets in this portion of the State. In the firm of Trees & Mohler he is extensively engaged in the lumber trade, while Trees & Lewis do a thriving business in bu3-ing and shipping live stock. In addition to all these he is actively and successfully engaged in buying and selling real estate in Kansas and other poi"- tions of the west. He is Vice President and Director of the Kiowa Investment Company, and is Director and one of the proprietors of the Town Company which laid out the town of Birmingham, Kan. May 4, 1S69, his nuptials with Anna E. Inlow were celebrated; she was a daughter of Isaac and Lucinda Inlow. Her death occurred January 8, 1S76. One child was born to this union March

26, 1870, named Levanche E. Mr. Trees was married December 2, 1S78, to Lotta M. Macy, a daughter of T. C. Macy. She has borne him two children, Lee M. and Mary C

John Carson is a resident and native of Rush County, being born December 26, 183S. His parents were: WiUiam and Elizabeth (Maze) Carson; the former was born in Adams County, Ohio, in 1805, and was the son of Joseph and Mary (Scott) Carson, natives of Washington County, Penn., where they were married about 1800. They settled in Adams County, Ohio, and resided there until about 18 10, when they removed to Fayette County, Ind., and after a residence there of two 3-ears, Joseph Carson went to Brookville and entered 160 acres of land, a part of which John Carson owns at present and which has never been out of the Carson family. After developing a home here from the wilderness, he removed to Marion County, Ind., where he and wife ended their lives. Their family consisted of eight children, of whom William Carson, the father of our subject, was the tifth child. As stated, he was born in Adams County, Ohio, and was but a boy when his parents came to this county. Here he assisted his parents in developing a home, and in after years purchased the old homestead. Farming was his occupation all through life. In 1832 he was married to Elizabeth Maze, daughter of John and Hannah (Harnej^) Maze. Elizabeth was born in Kentuck}- in 1808, but came to this count}' when quite young. This union was blessed with seven children - two sons and five daughters. They were : Rebecca, Nancy, Jane, Hannah, John, Smith, and Mary, of whom Rebecca is dead; all the rest, except Jane, who is the wife of Daniel M. Shawhan, and a resident of Pike Count}', Ind., reside on the old home. William Carson, after a long and useful life, was called to rest February 14, 1873; his wife survived him until Januar}' 9, 1S81, when she, too, was called to rest. They are interred in the Fairview Cemeterv. Thus ended the lives of two of Rush County's pioneers. John has spent his entire life in Rush Count}', and on August 29, 1S64, he was married to Mary Amnion, daughter of Zachariah and Mary Ammon, pioneers of Rush County. Mrs. Carson was born in Washington Township, August 28, 1844. Her whole life was spent here. This union was blessed with two children, namely: Florence B., and Vista May, both living at home. Mr. Carson began life on his own responsibility at the time of his marriage, and six years after his marriage removed to Fayette County, but

S56 Rush County

Joseph Custer was born in Bourbon County, Kv., October 6, 1827, son of Conrad and Leanna Custer, natives of Virginia, who came to Fayette County in the winter of 1S27, and thence to Morgan County, where Joseph was principal!}^ reared. Our subject and wife were married on May 15, 1851; her maiden name was Mary Foster, and she was born in Ilhnois. They have four children: Charles, Josephine, James and Belle. Politically, Mr. Custer is a Republican. In 18S1, he located on his present farm and built the residence he now occupies.

Horace H. Elwell, farmer, is a native of Wayne County, Ind., born July 30, 1833, the fifth of seven children and eldest son born to Eli and Elizabeth (De Camp) Elwell, natives of Duchess and Onondago counties, N. Y., born September i, 1789, and May 30, 1804, respectively, the former of Scotch-Irish and the latter of French descent. Eli Elwell grew to manhood in his native county, and received a common academic education. In 181 8 he left his native State and located in Virginia, where he taught school. The following }-ear he came west to Ohio, and later, in 1820, purchased near Milton, Ind., eighty acres of wild forest land. He was raised on the farm, and was well qualified to make a home in the wilderness. He was in truth a pioneer, and with limited means. He was married in 1823 to Miss De Camp, and they took up their abode in the forest home, where thev toiled and added to their worldlv possessions until they became among the foremost citizens. During the early history of Waj'ne County, Ind., he taught one term of school there. He became the father of seven children, two sons and five daughters, who grew to manhood and w^omanhood. In politics, he was a staunch Republican, though in early life he belonged to the Whig party. He did active service at home during the War of 181 2. In 1866, he abandoned the farm and removed to ]Milton, where he resided during the rest of his life. March 4, 1875, he died at the age of eighty-five years. In his reHgious belief he was a Universalist. He was a progressive man and much interested in educational matters. His wife, who resided in Milton until her death, survived him until July 30, 18S7. She was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In childhood she left her native county and came to Indiana with her parents. This was in 1820. For years she carded, spun and wove both flax and wool to clothe her family. H. H. Elwell, our immediate subject, who is now one of the leading men of the count}', was reared on a farm and received his education in the old log school houses. In childhood the was taught industry, and remained under the parental roof until he reached his majority. He took up farming as his chiei; occupation. October 15, 1857, he was married to Miss Mary J, Powell, o£ Fayette County, Ind., born in March, 183S. She was the eldest daughter of Zemas and L}-dia (Caldwell) Powell, natives of Kentuck}' and Indiana, respectively. By this union Mr. and Mrs. Elwell had born to them six children, namety: Emma, deceased; Savannah, wife of Amos F. Glidden; Sarah, deceased, infant; Lillie, wife of Charles Gre}'; Charles H. and Cora. Soon after his marriage Mr. Elwell located upon the farm, where he has since lived. He started out with a farm of 1S8 acres, partially cleared, but he has since added to it from time to time, so that he is now one of the largest land owners of this township. He is a careful business man, and has been an extensive stock breeder, often marketing his stock at distant markets. He is an aggressive Republican, and has taken an active part in politics. In 1S70, he was elected County Commissioner of the First District. In the fall of 1S76, he was elected to the Legislature, and served during the session of 1S77, proving himself an able Representative of the county. In 1876 he was President of the Cambridge National Bank. The portrait of Mr. Elwell appears on another page.

Philip Ertel was born in Philadelphia, Penns\dvania, June 5? 1831. He was a twin son and the eldest child of Philip and Mary Ertel, natives of Germany. (See Charles Ertel's sketch.) Philip was two 3'ears old when his parents removed to Rush Countv, and located on a tract of land owned at present bv William Knecht. This land the Senior Ertel entered. Here Philip has spent his entire life, and during his youth received some schooling. Carding, fulling and dyeing cloth on Big Flat Rock has been his principal occupation through life, although of late years he has given some attention to farming. After he quit the carding business, he entered into a contract with his uncle, Henry Gerker, of the firm of Gerker & Bhler, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to buy hog-hair, at which he worked five years, or until 1S56, and cleared $3,000. With this money he came here and purchased 240 acres of the farm he now owns, but prior to this he had purchased the Henry Lord farm, paving $5,200 for it: this he sold when he purchased the 240 acres. In 1857, he erected a large steam saw mill, which after running ten years, was burned. He now gave his attention to the farm and stock, principallv cattle for shipping purposes. In 1S71, he was married to Catherine Burnaur, daughter of Thomas and Lj'dia Burnaur, residents at present of Wells County, Ind. Catherine was born in New Paris, Ohio, where she was principally reared. Her father was a prominent minister in the Christian Church. This union has been blessed with five children: George

W., Ida M., Thomas H., Klary A., and Winfield C, of whom George and Ida are deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Ertel are members of the Christian Church. Pohticalh', he is a staunch Repubhcan. He is one of the wealthiest farmers of Washington Township. His father died some years ago, and now his aged mother, who is in her seventy-seventh year, is making her home with him and is in very feeble health. Mr. Ertel has been a member of the Christian Church since he was twentj'-three years of age. He owns 480 acres of fine land.

Charles Ertel, whose portrait appears elsewhere, was born in Philadelphia, Penns^'lvania, April 12, 1833. His parents were PhiHp and Mary (Ludy) Ertel, both natives of Germany. The former was the son of Jacob Ertel, whose wife's maiden name was Cline. Jacob Ertel emigrated to America between 1825 and 1830, and was accidentally killed by a falling tree' in Franklin Counter, Ind. Philip was his oldest son and was born in Bermasance, Germany, in 1802; he was reared in German}^ and in youth learned the d3'er's trade. About 1829, he w'as united in marriage with Mar}' Ludy, daughter of John J. and Elizabeth (Niewmiler) Ludy, natives of Germany, who emigrated to America about the time the Ertels did. This union was blessed with four children : Philip and George (twins), Charles and Elizabeth, of whom George and Elizabeth are deceased. Philip Ertel came to Union Township, Rush Count}', Ind., m 1834, and moved into a log house on the farm owned at present by Martin Hinchman, where he resided a short time, when he permanentl}' located on the farm now owned by James Alexander and William Knecht, in Washington Township. About 1842 he removed to Union Township, and located on the farm owned at the present time by Jacob Kimerling, there he lived until his death, in 1874. He was a member of the Christian Church. His wife still survives him at the age of seventy-seven, and at present is in very poor health; thus can be traced the lives of two of Rush County's early settlers who came here and battled with the trials and hardships of pioneer life. Charles has spent his life here in Rush County, and farming has been his principal occupation, and he can be classed among the successful farmers of the county. In his youth, b}' attending the subscription schools, he obtained a fair education. In March, 1858, he was first married to Priscilla David, daughter of William and Catharine (Baylas) David. To this union were born three children: Silas M., Lewis T. and Harvina E. His wife died about 1857. His second wife was Rowena Houston, daughter of John and Susan Hauston, natives of Fairfield County, Ohio, where Rowena was born and reared; this marriage occurred March 24, 1870. This unicfn was blessed with nine children: Maty L., John P., Charley D., Nettie E., Ida M., Lucy A., George F., Elizabeth P. and I3enjamin F., all of whom are living. Mr. Ertel located on the farm where he now resides, in 1859, and has added many improvements, including a fine residence. It is under a high state of cultivation, and is classed among the best farms in Section 34. He began life with a small start and b\^ hard and earnest toil has been very successful in his chosen pursuit. He now owns 400 acres of land and but a short time ago deeded away 160 acres. He and wife are members of the Christian Church. He is a staunch Republican and firmly believes in the principles of his party.

William R. Greenwood was born in Washington Township, Rush Co., Ind., December 19, 1S32. He was the only son born to Samuel and Ann (McCan) Greenwood. The former was the son of Bartlev Greenwood, of North Carolina, where Samuel was born in Januaiy, 1S04, and was reared in Surry County, that State. At the age of twenty-four he bid adieu to home and friends and started in company with his brother-in-law, Eli Reese, for Indiana, landing in Rush County in the fall of 1S2S. This was then a wilderness. About 1830 he bought a tract of wild land in the northeast part of the county, paying for it with money earned by working for George Corn at $5 per month. He was married in 1831, to Ann McCan, a native of Montgomery County, Ohio, where she was born, in 181 1. He next engaged in work upon a saw mill which stood one-half mile north of Raleigh on Flat Rock. There he worked eight years. He next turned his attention to farming, locating on the farm owned at present by Alfred Loder. In about 1840 he purchased the farm now owned by our subject, and continued to reside here until his death, which occurred on July 18, 1S60. His wife survived him until March 30, 1863. They were two of Rush's honored pioneers. William has spent his entire life on the farm, and in his bovhood got some schooling, and the first teacher he ever went to is living; he is Dr. John Ray, of Newcastle. On December 29, 1870, he was married to Miss Elizabeth L. Conner, daughter of Alfred and Eliza Conner, natives at that time of Washington Township, but at present reside in Indianapolis. This union has been blessed with five children : Nellie J., Robert J., Effie A., Una Ann and Omer S., of whom Nellie J. is deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Greenwood are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a Democrat in politics. Farming has been his chief occupation in life, and he now owns a fine improved farm.

of Hamilton, March 8, 1S14. He can accurately trace his lineage back to 1720, when Tobias Hall, a native of England, immigrated to the eastern shores of America, probabl}- settling in what is now New Jerse}'. He w^as the father of a large family, the youngest of whom was Joseph, who was born about 1761 or 1762. He was the son by the third wife of Tobias Hall, who with the mother of Joseph, died when he \vas about two years old, leaving him dependent upon his brother, Josiah Hall, w'ho served as a captain during the Revolutionary War. The last two years of this struggle for liberty, found Joseph fighting for his country. In 17S2, he was married to Sarah Allen. Later on, he removed to Fayette County, Pa., and thence to Butler Count}', Ohio, in 1796, settling" on a tract of land in Symme's purchase. After developing a home he had the misfortune to lose all, on account of a bad title to the land. He passed away about 1806. His union with Sarah Allen was blessed with eight children, namely: Stephen, Jane, Sarah, Thomas (the father of the subject of this sketch), Kesiah, Joseph and Jacob. At the death of his father, Thomas took charge of the family and managed its affairs until 181 2, when he volunteered as a soldier during the War of 1812, and was under General Hull, at the time of his disgraceful surrender at Detroit. As a prisoner he was sent home on a furlough and was never exchanged. On March 4, 1813, he was married to Matilda Shrader, the daughter of Aaron and Elizabeth Shrader. In 1818, they removed to Fayette County, Ind., locating near the boundary line between what was known as the Old and New purchase. Indians were then plentiful and annoj'ed Mr. Hall by killing his hogs, and even killed a valuable mare just to get the bell she wore. The Halls were like many other pioneers seeking homes in the wilderness, without money. They were compelled to rough it. The trusty rifle furnished the meat, for bear, deer and turke\' were found in great numbers. The family of Thomas and Matilda Hall consisted of nine children. They were: William S., Jane, Elizabeth, Joseph, Jacob A., Aaron S., John F., Sarah A. and Thomas S., all of whom lived to maturity. The father died July 27, 1862, and the mother January 23, 1870. William S., during his boyhood and youth attended but a few terms of school, averaging two months to the term, and remembers well his first day at school. On the morning of that day his father, with an axe, trimmed the brush out of the way, and a neighbor, William Dickey, who had a daughter to send, took his old gray horse and plowed a furrow as a path to the rude log cabin styled the district school house. It had no floor. The door was made of boards split out with a frow. In erecting the cabin, a log was left out on three sides which furnished plenty of light. The fire- place occupied the other side of the building. It was in such buildings as we have described that the boys and girls of pioneer days secured, under trying circumstances, a limited education. This building was on the Indian trail to Connersville, and frequently the Indians returning home intoxicated, would menace and frighten the scholars, and many remained at home through fear of violence. Up to the age of seventeen, William's health had been poor, and he now resolved to learn a trade. He, therefore, went to Cincinnati, Ohio, and engaged with his uncle, Joseph Hall, as an apprentice, to learn the trade of cabinet maker, thinking probably, that at times he could attend school, but in this he was disappointed as his trade kept him employed. He managed, however, to secure books and spent his leisure time in reading. In March, 1835, he completed his apprenticeship, and worked with his uncle until the following December as a journeyman cabinet maker. He then removed to Rush Count}-, locating where we find him at present, and engaged at his trade. In Februarj-, 1S39, he was elected Justice of the Peace for Washington Township, and served until 1847. In Julv, of this year, he was placed in nomination b}' the Democracy of Rush County, as a candidate for Representative in the State Legislature, and although there was a Whig majority of over 500 in the county, he was only defeated by 165 votes. In 1853, he was elected Trustee of Washington Township for the long term, and when the board was reduced to one Trustee, in 1859, ^^ was elected without opposition and held the office until 1862, when he resigned the office, and accepted the nomination as Representative to the State Legislature. He was elected by a good majority and served during the exciting session of 1863. At the close of his term as Legislator, he was once more elected Township Trustee and served continuously until 187S. While Trustee he took a great interest in the schools, and employed none but the best teachers. He caused to be erected manv of the school buildings found in the township to-day, the last being the graded school building at Raleigh. On January 28, 1841, he was united in marriage with Miss Nancv M. Legg, daughter of Samuel and Catharine Legg, pioneers of Rush County. This union was blessed with eleven children, four of whom died in infancy, and four in the month of October, i860, with diphtheria. There are living George W., Frank J. and Lafe G. The wife and mother was called away in 1859. In i860, Mr. Hall was again married, his choice being Mrs. Malinda Knotts, eldest daughter of Levi Hatfield. By her former marriage she had two sons, Oliver and David. To this last marriage has been born five children, three of whom are living. They are: William A., Ada F. and Robert J. Death, the leveler of all humanity, once more visited this happy home and took from his side the loving wife and mother. Her death occurred July 7, 1887. She was highly esteemed by all who knew her and will long be remembered by those who mourn her loss. Mr. Hall continued to reside on the old homestead, where he has spent so manj^ years of his long and useful life. He drafted the plans for his ver}^ unique residence, which is octagonal in form, and one of the most practical in the township. His home is a pleasant one, where he expects to spend the golden age of life in ease and comfort. During his long residence in Rush County he has surrounded himself with hosts of friends, who testify to his many acts of benevolence and hospitality. Many a J'oung man starting in life has heeded his advice and now is on the road to prosperity. He has alwa^^s been ready to assist the poor and need}% if deserving, and has administered on more estates than any other man in this locality. Space compels the close of this sketch of one who holds the respect and confidence of those who have associated with him for years, and who, regardless of creed or political affiliations, speak of his sterling qualities and honest purposes in laudable terms. Mr. HalFs portrait is given elsewhere in this volume.

Isaac Hendricks, who has been a resident of Section 9, Washington Township, since March, 1836, was born in Clermont Count}^ Ohio, August 31, 1808. His parents were Henr}' and Martha Hendricks, the former a native of North Carolina, and the latter of Maryland; they ended their lives in Hendricks County, Ind., and were of English extraction. At the age of seven years, our subject accompanied his parents to Wa^me County, Ind., where he grew to manhood on the farm, and has farmed all his life. In 1S35, he was married to Margaret N. Maple, daughter of George Maple. This union was blessed with eight children, of whom Mary, Martha, John, Alice, and Sarah F., are living. Mrs. Hendricks, the wife and mother, was called to rest November 5, 1883. She was a member of the Presbyterian Church, and died as she had lived; the whole familj' are members of the same church. The land owned now by Mr. Hendricks was entered by John Oliver, who did but little to develop it, therefore Mr. Hendricks, with the assistance of his family, developed his fine farm of the present. He has always been a hard working, industrious man, honest in all his dealings, and respected by all who know him. He is now in his eightieth 3'ear, and one among the few pioneers of Washington Township left to tell the story of pioneer life and its hardships.

Samuel B. Hill, a prominent citizen of Carthage, and the Cashier of the Bank of Carthage, is a native of Randolph County, N. C, born February 2, 1829. He is the son of Samuel and Mary

(Branson") Hill, who were also natives of Randolph Count}^ N. C, both of English descent. He was reared to manhood upon a farm in his- native county, and at twenty-three j^ears of age, or December 31, 185 1, he was united in marriage to JMiss Nancy H. Newlip, who is a native of Alamance Count}', N. C, born February i8, 1831, being the daughter of John and Rebecca (Long) Newlin, both of whom were natives of Alamance County, N. C, of English descent. Her parents both spent their entire lives in their native county. The father died in June, 1867, at the advanced age of ninetv-two, and his wife survived him about two years. At twentyone years of age, our subject became employed in a cotton mill, and two years later he turned his attention to merchandising and farming, and from 1851 to i860 he conducted a general store and superintended a farm in Randolph County. In October, i860, he moved his family to Rush County, and he has ever since been a resident of Carthage. During the first thirteen 3'ears of his residence there he was engaged in mercantile pursuits. On the loth day of April, 1875? ^^ organized the Bank of Carthage, of which he has been Cashier, and a leading stockholder ever since. In connection with the above pursuits, he has during the all this time controlled extensive farming interests in the vicinity of Carthage. He is the owner of 575 acres of first-class land lying in Rush and Shelby counties, all of which is under fence and a good part of which is in an excellent state of cultivation. This gives him a rank not only as one of the prominent business men of the count}', but also as one of its most extensive freeholders and farmers. In consequence of his diversified business interests and his close attention to them, he is now the victim of an impaired health, but a period of recent recreation and travel bids fair to cause its restoration. He and wife have had seven children as follows: Eunice A., Emily R., Edgar N., Walter B., and Bertha L., who are living, and two sons that died in infancv, unnamed. Mr. Hill and family are members of the Friends" Church. In politics, our subject is a Republican. His portrait is presented with this volume.

Datus E. Hollowell, farmer, was born in Franklin County, Ind., May 12, 1846, being the second son and fifth child of nine children, three sons and six daughters, born to Peter S. and Joann (Lyons) Hollowell, natives of New York and Ohio, respectively, the former born in 1809, of German and Irish parentage, and the latter born in 1820. Peter came from New York, when six years old, with his parents. He was brought up on the farm, and received his education from the common schools. In 1837, he married Miss Lyons, and soon after engaged in the mercantile business. A few yeais later he engaged in farming, which pursuit he con- tinued until late in life, when he abandoned it, and with his son, engaged in milling at Harrison, Ohio, during the rest of his life. He died March 23, 1S66, his companion and seven children surviving him. He was a member of the United Brethren Church, and was an exemplarv Christian man. In politics, he was a Republican. Mrs. Hollowell is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and she and her youngest daughter are enjoying a comfortable home, where the greater part of her life has been spent. Datus E. Hollowell, our subject, like his father, was raised on a farm, and received such an education as the common schools afforded. He remained under the parental roof until his marriage to Miss Priscilla Larimore, which occurred September 5, 1866. She was a native of Butler County, Ohio, born October 18, 1S46, the second daughter of John W. and Louise (Marshall) Larimore, natives of Ohio and Indiana, respectively. To this union five children were born, viz. : Albert L., Dora B., Peter S., Luanna, deceased, and Marshall E. Soon after his marriage, Mr. Hollowell located at Harrison, Ohio, where he was one of the firm of Hollowell & Sons, who operated a flouring mill. Later, he located upon a farm near by. Sometime in the seventies, he purchased his present home, which was m a poor state of cultivation. It is now well improved. He is an active worker in the Republican party, and is a representative man of Rush Count}'. He and wife are members of the United Brethren Church.

John Ivins is a native of Madison County, Ind., born Februarj' 13, 1841. His boyhood days were spent in Wabash County, this State. At the age of eighteen he came to Rush County and engaged in farming as a renter; by hard and industrious toil he finally succeeded in securing a tract of land in Section 2, where he resides at present. On November 21, 1867, he was married to Matilda Greenwod, daughter of Samuel and Ann (McCan) Greenwood, early settlers in the county, now deceased. Mrs. Ivins was born in this county and has always resided here. Politically, he is a Democrat.