St. Joseph County, Indiana - Chapter 19, 1880

Chapter 19

Very Rev. Ed^vard Sorin, the founder of tbeuniveisity, was borii at Ahuille, near Laval, France, in the year ISl-i. In 1840, he attached himself to the Congreo^ation of the Hoh' Cross, a religious society then recently formed at Mans, near Paris. The objects proposed to be accomplished by this young society were the instruction of youth and the preaching of missions to the people and to both of these ends Father Sorin at once devoted his life.

In furtherance of this object, and believing that in this country was a vast field for future usefulness, Father Sorin", with six other brothers of St. Joseph, sailed for New York in the summer of IS-il, landing in that city on the 13th of September, the eve of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross. Father Sorin, the next day, in writing of this remarkable coincidence, says: " Our good God permitted me to land yesterday evening, the eve of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross. IVith what happiness did I salute and embrace this dear land of America, and what increase of consolation to laud on the eve of so beautiful a day! * * * What joy for a poor priest of the Holy Cross to be able to say his first mass in America on the feast of the Exaltation of that sacred symbol! What a delicious day it is here! how beautiful is the American sky! Ah, yes! my Father, here is the portion of my inheritance; here will I dwell all the days of my life."

Notre Dame du Lac was purchased in 1830 by Rev. Theodore Bodin, the first priest ever ordained in the United States. It was then known by the Indians and the few settlers around it as Ste. Marie des Lacs, and was made by Fatlier Bodin the center ot quite a range of missions, and the residence of the priest who attended the scattering population of Northern Indiana and Southern Michigan. Father Bodin having purchased the land and established the little log church as a central ])oint, did not leave this part of the country without attending to the wants of the Indians who then dwelt in Northern Indiana, many of whom were Catholics, and the rest converted by himself and his successors.

and the stumps that thickly studded the ten-acre lot, were rendered fairy-like with snow; snow, cold, pure, beautifying snow lay thick and heavy all around, and as the rays of the setting sun, struggling through the winter clouds, cast their niagic light over the wide expanse of snow-covered land, the young priest consecrdted it anew to the Virgin Mother of God, to whom, in his great love for her, - all his undertakings, great or small, were always lovingly submitted. With Father Sorin came seven Brothers of the Order - Francis Xavier, Gatien, Patrick, William, Basil, Pierre and Francis, all of whom have gone to their long rest except Brother Francis Xavier.

Notre Dame is on a farm originally of over 600 acres, lying on the right bank of the St. Joseph river, in St. Josejjh county, Indiana, about two miles from the railroad station at South Bend, on the Michigan Southern & Lake Shore railroad, which connects Chicago with Toledo and Detroit; and also a branch of the Michigan Centra! & Grand Trunk railways. At the time Father Sorin arrived here only ten acres of the ground had been cleared, the rest being covered with forest trees and thick underbrush, except some hundred or more that were covered by the water of the lakelets from which the establishment took its name. The only house on the premises was one built of logs, in the old style of log-cabin - forty feet by twenty-four. The ground floor was tlie residence of the priest, while tlie upper story was the only church or chapel for the Catholics of South Bend and vicinitj'. A small frame house clinging to this sturdy log one, was occupied by the family of a man who acted as interpreter between the Indians and whites when occasion required.

To fulfill the terms of the contract with the bishop, entered into by Father Sorin, it was determined, notwithstanding an apparent lack of means, to proceed as soon as possible, to the erection of the college building. The name of the place was now changed from St. Mary's to Notre Dame du Lac, Our Lady of the Lake, a name which has been insensiblj' shortened to Notre Dame. On the 28th day of August, 1813, the corner stone of the first college edifice of Notre Dame was laid with appropriate ceremonies. Before winter the building was under root, and during the next spring it was completed. In June the few students who were in attendance were removed from tlie farm house, and in August, 184i, the first commencement exercises took place. Previous to this a charter had been obtained from the State, through the instrumentality of Hon. John D. Defrees, then a member of the Legislature, with all the rigiits and privileges of a university.

During the year 1844 the Manual Labor School was also organized and received a charter from the State Legislature. Besides Father Sorin. the chief personages of this early time wore Fathers Cointet and Granger, the latter of whom arrived in 1844. Father Sorin was the first president of the institution, continuing in office from 1844 to 18(:i5. Father Granger was the first vice-president, and Father Cointet the second. To them, therefore, must be chiefly ascribed the first shaping of the distinctive character which Notre Dame early began to assume. Daring the administration of Father Sorin the fbundationa of Notre Dame were deeply and solidly laid. Save the bare land, and thesym])athy ofthe benevolent and charitable, the young comnninity had in the beginning actually no means, except the blessing of heaven, their own feeble strength, and, after a time, the tuition of a few students, which for many years was a very small sum indeed. But faith and industry did not go unrewarded. Little by little every j'ear Was an improvement upon the last. Slowly, very slowly, the number of students crept up from one to one hundred. These spread over the country became the best advertisement. As if each took another by the hand, there were soon two hundred entrances; then three, four, five, even six hundred, until the halls were over-flowing. With this increase, every thing else increased. The facult}', which once consisted of Father Sorin, Father Granger and Father Cointet, advanced in numbers from year to year, until it now consists of nearly forty members. The courses of stud\' at the same time widened in completeness and increased in number, until at Notre Dame, according to the saying of a well-known patron of learning, " Any one may learu anything," whether in science, in the arts, or in business, as well as in theology, law and medicine, Buildings have arisen on every hand, until their appearance is rather that of a town than of a college. The first college edifice, except the farm house, was the central part of the old college building, and was 30 feet deep by 80 front, and four stories high. This continued unchanged until 1853, when two wings, -iO by 60, were added. It was now thought there would be room enough for at least a generation. But the error of this anticipation was discovered in a very few years, and in 1S65, under the energetic presidency of Father Dillon, the old college building was, in the course of two months, transformed into an imposing structure, 160 feet in length, 80 feet in width, and six stories in height, surmounted by a colossal statue of Notre Dame. May 31, 1866, the new building was dedicated, and the statue blessed by Archbishop Spalding, assisted by five bishops, and a ver}' great number of priests, in presence of the largest concourse of people ever gathered at Notre Dame. April 23, 1879, the iiniversity was destroyed by tire. The main college building, the Infirmary, Music Hall, St. -Francis' Home and the Minims' Play Hall were burned to the ground. The fire originated from a tinner's furnace which some workmen were using on the roof of the main building. They left the roof for a short time, and while they were absent the tire started. About one-fourth of the original cost of the buildings was destroyed. The insurance was $Jr5,000, and with this money and with the aid of the friends of Notre Dame throughout the country, the communit}^ went to work to clear away the rubbish and to lay the foundations of new buildings.

somewhat cruciform in shape, or like the letter E with an extended center. A projection or wing on each side, directly connected with the main building, will make the total frontage 320 feet. The height of the main building is four stories with basement; the height of the east and west wings, each three stoi'ies with basement. From the ground to the pedestal of the statue above the dome is 170 feet. The dome is unusuall}' lofty, extending SO feet above the roof. A rotunda 30 feet in diameter at the base passes from the foundations up through the building, supporting the dome, and giving light, air and ventilation to the whole building. This rotunda, surmounted as it is by the glorious dome, and crowned by a statue over all, is entirely self-supporting, and constitutes perhaps the finest feature of its kind to be seen in any educational institution in this or an}'' other country.

The study halls are located, as in the old building, in the east and west sides, on the principal floor. They are most spacious and beautiful rooms, 77 feet in length, 41 in width, and 15 feet clear in height, well lighted on three sides with large windows. The entrance to the study halls is from the south, as before, and also from a corridor 16 feet in width extending from each study hall to tiie rotunda in the center.

In nothing perhaps is the superiority of the new building to the -old more manifest than m the class rooms, both as to location and size. Twelve of them are situated on the same floor as the study halls, thus ensuring convenience to students and professors, and doing away with much ot the noise that attended the march of heavy classes up and down stairs. The average dimensions of the class rooms are 26 feet in length, 16 in width, and 15 feet clear in height. The commercial class-room adjoins the senior study hall, on the south side of the building, and is 44 feet in length by 20 feet in width. All class-rooms are lighted by two large windows, five Bouth windows lighting tlie fine commercial class-room.

The floors above arc divided in a similar manner to those below. The dormitories are directly over the study rooms, are of the same lofty height, and are lighted in like manner with large and numerous windows.

Particular attention has been given to the subject of ventilation, flues for this purpose running through every story from basement to roof, with openings from study halls, class-rooms, dormitories, etc., thus securing pure and health-giving air in every room.

The destruction of the old college has drawn special attention to the protection of the new building from all possible danger from lire. The walls are of solid brick and stone; the trimming and ornamentation of the exterior are of fine cut stone and galvanized iron, and all the roofs and cornices are covered with slate. Then, in addition to the ordinary stairways, there are fire escapes on every floor, so that sliould fire ever again occur, there will be the most ample means of escape from every story and every room of the whole building. As a still further protection from fire, and also

The principal entrance to the college is from the south, facing the n:ain avenue, as in the old collegi;, by a large and handsome porch approached b}- an extra large and inviting flight of steps. At the right of entrance are the president's room and parlor and vice-president's room and parlor. On the left of the entrance, looking out in front, is the main parlor, 40 by 42 feet. In the rear of the main parlor is a smaller parlor, with octagonal front, connecting parlor with toilet room.

The projecting wings are in themselves no insignificant buildings, being each forty-two feet front, and but one story lower than the main buildine;. The west wing is devoted exclusively to libraries and museums, the east wing to the laboratory and the sciences in general.

The Music Hall is the name given to a large and imposing structure on the east and front of the college building, three stories in height, with a total length of one hundred and seventy-five feet. In width it varies from a maximum of ninety feet to a minimum of forty -five.

The apparatus for heating, lighting and ventilating the buildings are all of the most approved charactei-, and embrace the latest improvements; and these, together with the corresponding sanitary appointments, have engaged the special attention of the architect. The walls are heav}', and thus make the building not only strong, but also warm. The windows are large and numerous, and thus afford abundance of light, and also ventilation if needed. The building is heated by steam and lighted by gas.

In connection with the church and college, a word may be said of the bells for which Notre Dame is famous. The original bell ot Notre Dame is that clear, sweet-toned one that now rings out so pleasantly from St. Mary's Academy. The second bell was one of 2,400 pounds, which, becoming cracked, was taken down and succeeded by the present great bell. This bell, with its rich musical tones, and its magnificent volume of sound, has a national reputation, being the largest in the United States, as it is one of the finest in the world. Its weight is 13,000 pounds, and it was manutactured in France. The names of all donors are cast upon the bell. The church also possesses a chime of 23 bells, the finest and largest but one in the country. They were solemnly blessed in 1856 by Archbishop Purcell, and Bishop Ilenni, of Milwaukee. With its bells, its noble organ, and its well-trained choir, it need not be said that nowhere in America ai'e the solemn and beautiful services of the church celebrated with more splendor than at Notre Dame.

The growth of Notre Dame has been truly wonderful. From the small beginning already' spoken of, it has grown to be one ot the most noted educational institutions in the country. Year by year an addition was made, an improvement introduced, from the first English class organized by Father Shaw, to the present classes of rhetoric and literature, from the first Latin class called by Father Cointet, to the present numerous classes of Latin, Greek, and ancient literature; from the first logic class assembled by Father Granger, to the present classes of philosophy and theology; from the first arithmetic class formed by Brother Gatien, to the present commercial department, and the various classes in the physical and natural sciences.

The war drew off great numbers from j^fotre Dame to the hospital and to the field. No less than seven priests went as chaplains in the arm}', - Fathers Corb}', Cooney, Carrier, Gillen, James Dillon, Leveque and Bourget; of whom the last three, from exposure, contracted diseases which ended in death. The period since the war has been one of continual prosperity, even during the hard times between the years 1S73 and 1879. It was ushered in by the building of a new college edifice, and by the establishment of the Ave Maria, a widely known religious journal. The Ave Maria was founded, and edited for the first two years bj' Father Sorin. It was afterward conducted by Father Gillespie until liis untimely death in 1S74. Father Gillespie also began the publication of the Scholastic, tlie college paper, conducted under his supervision by the students. To no one indeed is Notre Dame more indebted for the cultivation and encouragement of literary studies than to Father Gillespie, her first graduate.

The year 1851 was one of great importance to Notre Dame; it was the year that the railroad was completed to South Bend, and the postofHce was established at Notre Dame. The wings of the college were added to the main building in 1S53, and the college steadily prospered until 185-1. The cholera had ravaged many parts of the United States, and the danger passed away, when in the summer of 1851, many of the inmates of Notre Dame were attacked with a disease akin to it. Among the first attacked was Father Cointet; his health had been completely shattered by a residence in New Orleans, but had greatly improved since returning Nortli, yet not sufficiently to resist the attack of the disease, and in the month of August he passed away. Many other deaths occurred, and the fate of the college seemed hung in the balance. Soon the clouds passed away and all was bright again.

The discipline of Notre Dame has justly met the approbation ot all the friends of the institution. At the beginning the main features were the same as now, for as in regard to discipline, as in everything else connected witli the institution, Father Sorin gave the impulse and direction. Yet some changes have been made, and they began in the first years. It was natural that the whole system of French college discipline should at first be introduced, but the founder of Notre Dame quicklj' seized the peculiarities of young America as distinguished from j'oung France, The most powerful human cause of Father Sorin's remarkable success was his quick perception of the manners and ideas of his adopted country, and the happy facility with which he not only conformed to them, but actually made them pavt and parcel of himself; and while he retained all the qualities of the Catholic priest and French gentleman, he laid aside the prejudices of the foreigner, and seemed to take possession of the spirit of the country with his oath on becoming a citizen.

If the presidency of Father Sorin was a time of struggle and of triumph, and that of Father Dillon one of great business activity, that of Father Corby was one of earnest devotion to learning, during which the standard of education was raateriall}' elevated at J^Jotre Dame. During this time the societies of the college, in which so much of its life centers, showed a marked increase of activity. To Father Granger tlie religious societies owe everything; the literary and dramatic societies are almost equally indebted to Father Gillespie and Lemonnier and Prof. Lj^ons. During the first administration of Father Corb^', the association ot the Alumni was formed; and in 1S69 Notre Dame celebrated, with much rejoicing, her silver jubilee.

In the summer of' 1872 there convened at IN'otre Dame an assembly, which, from its unique character, merits special remark. There, for the first time since the discovery of America, a general chapter of a religious order was held in the New AVorld. At this chapter were present not only repi'esentatives from the United States and the Dominion of Canada, but also from France, Algiers, the East Indies, and even from Rome itself, where these meetings are usually held, and which in this instance had given special permission to hold the chapter at Notre Dame, as a peculiar mark of favor to the United States, and perhaps also as a compliment to Father Sorin, the only American general of a religious order. It was at this chapter that the gifted Father Lemonnier was selected as president and local superior at Notre Dame. It would seem that his presidency came to add grace and beauty to what was already so laboriously and substantially constructed. There was hardly a science or an art in wliieh he was not well versed; and as Johnson said of Goldsmith, there was nothing which he touched which he did not beautify. Under him all the sciences and the arts flourished, and Notre Dame became indeed a Tiniversity.

Of the presidents of Notre Dame, Father Lemonnier has gone to a better world, as Father Dillon went before him; Father Corby, after laying the foundation of a new Notre Dame at Watertown, Wiscon-in, has again assumed control of the institution; and Father Sorin himself, now Superior General of the Congregation of the Holy Cross, remains still blessed with health and strength, though venerable with years. Of the companions of his youth, who laid with hira the foundation of Notre Dame, but three remain. Father Granger, now provincial of the Holy Cross in the United States, the venerable J3rother Vincent, and Brother Francis, the sexton.

The present officers of the university are, Very Eev. William Corby. C. S. C, President; Rev. Thomas E. Walsh. C. S. C, Vice- President and Director of Studies; Rev. Patrick W. Condon, C. S.

C, Prefect of Discipline; Very Rev. Alexis Granger, C. S. C, Prefect of Religion; Rev. Timothy Maher, C. S. C, Secretary; Brother Celestine, C. S. C, Assistant Secretary. These officers are assisted b}' an able faculty of about forty professors and instructors.

General Faculty: Rev, William Corby, President; Rev. Thos. E. Walsh, Vice-President and Director of Studies; Rev. Patrick W. Condon, Prefect of Discipline.

Professors: Rev. William Corby, Evidences of Christianity; Rev. Thos. E. Walsh, Latin Language and Literature; Rev. John A. O'Oonnell, Moral Philosophy; Rev. John A. Zahm, Physical Sciences, and Curator of the Museum; Rev. Christopher Kelly, Logic and Mental Philosophy; Rev. Nicholas Stoifel, Greek Language and Literature; Rev. A. M. Kirsch, Natural Sciences, and Assistant Curator of Museum; Rev. J. Scherer, German; Rev. P. Kollop, French; Rev. Louis Neyron, Human Anatomy and Physiology; Joseph A. Lyons, Latin and English; Wm. I vers, Mathematics; Timothy E, Howard, English Literature; Arthur J. Stace, Astronomy and Civil Engineering; Lucius G. Tong, Law and Bookkeeping; James F. Edwards, History, and Librarian of the Lemonnier Lil)rary; John Coleman, Latin and Mathematics.

With the above are a large corps of assistant professors and instructors, not only in the foregoing branches, but also in the fine arts. The general faculty is divided into five special faculties, namely, on arts, science, commerce, law and civil engineering. There are also numerous well-sustained literary, art, scientific and religious societies in the university.

One of the most important objects of interest in the history of St. Joseph county, is Saint Mary's Academy, conducted by the Sisters of tlie Holy Cross. Although the order of the Holy Cross was founded at Notre Dame in 18i3, and although the Sisters of the Hol^^ Cross were established at Bertrand, Michigan, as early as 1845, yet Saint Mary's did not occupy its present charming site until 1855. Nature seems to have selected and laid out the spot for the religious and educational purposes to which it is now consecrated. A table-land of 110 acres on the high bank of the St. Joseph river, sunny openings between the groves of native forest trees, presented itself to the eyes of those who had in view an institution of learning to which all coming generations would bring its daughters, and where they would not only find a home during the trying years of school life, but from which they would carry the germs of those noble womanly graces which must be tiie guerdon of the future glory of our republic. With that untiring energy which marks an earnest purpose the building at Bertrand was removed to tlie banks of the St. Joseph and made the nucleus of the wooden buildings which until 1859 were nestled among these groves. The present substantial brick academy, with its spacious and airy halls, its study and recitation rooms, library and museum, music halls and studio, its well ventilated domitories and refectories, is still only the beginning of good things to come. Wiien the whole plan is carried out the present St. Mary's will be found to occupy only the third ot the St. Mary's which stands in the far-seeing eyes of its founders.

But even as we now see it, after 20 years of industry, and conscientious labor, how richly has the efforts of the Sisters been rewarded. The stranger finds on his first visit to St. Mary's, an unexpected charm in this spot, so removed from all t!ie busy turmoil of the day and age, and yet full to overflowing, with all the most sacred interests to humanity. Meeting here seclusion without solitude, simplicity without rusticity, he sees the very place suited to carry out his own ideas of education; while for those who have spent years among these scenes of peaceful beauty, no description of St. Mary's can ever convej' an adequate idea of its charms for the eye, the heart and the imagination. The young girl coming from some secluded homestead of some Western town or territory, loses none of her simplicity under this open sky, among these quiet groves, or along the varied path which follows along the winding higli bank which overlooks tlie river and the mea<lows and the distant town; while the young girl from the city becomes acquainted with nature without losing the wholesome restraints of society, and even finds gracefulness of manner considered a subject of just emulation. The innocent cheerfulness, the happy buoyanc}' of spirits, which it is so difticult to preserve for the young in the atmosphere of towns and cities, is the natural result of the out-door life at St. Mary's. Exercise comes as a matter of course, and brings pleasure, instead of its being an irksome necessity, as it is so often under less favorable conditions, since nature has done for St. Mary's what no industry or invention on the part of the Sisters could ever supply.

But as spring, summer and autumn must yield several months every year to winter, care has been taken to provide agreeable exercise for seniors, juniors and minims within doors, whenever the grounds or piazzas cannot be used. Lessons in dancing are given weekly, and the holidays and recreation days offer opportunities for " assemblies," at which the Superiors are always present.

Situated two miles from tiie pleasant city of South Bend, the young city and the college and academy have grown up together, and have proved mutual helps and encouragements. An exciiange of courtesies have always marked the intercourse between these two institutions and the city of South Bend. Among her citizens are many whose names will always be remembered with pleasure and gratitude by the Sisters of the Holy Cross at St. Mary's, and the growth of each may well be a matter of just pride and congratulation to the other. Like South Bend, St. Mary's owes much of her material prosperity to the ready access given to the different parts of the country by the Micliigan Soutliern & Lake Sliore railroad. This road has been an old and long-tried friend to St. Mary's; while the Michigan Central now claims a place in her regard," on

One mile east of St. Mary's rise the beautiful dome and spires of Notre Dame, the first home of the Order of the Holy Cross in America, and still tlie fountain head as well as faitiiful coadjutor. Tlie interest of the Very Rev. Superior General in the welfare of St. Mary's has never slackened since the academy was removed from Bertrand to its present site; and this personal interest of the Superior General, who has watched over its growth, is shared by the Very iiev. Provincial at Notre Dame, by the ])resident and all the professors at the university. There is a community of interests between the two institutions which secures many privileges to the students of both. Professors from Notre Dame take pleasure in repeating their lectures for the benefit of the pupils of St. Mary's, and the Scholastic, published weekly at Notre Dame, is devoted to the educational interests of both institutions. These mutual advantages, and the short distance from the university to the academy (one mile), with a regular mode oF conveyance to both places from South Bend, resolve manj' a family problem as to a place of education for sons and daughters. To the convenience of the parent, who can visit both at one time, is added the satisfaction of knowing that the youthful members of the family are near each other, especially when coming from great distances.

Northern Indiana College

The Northern Indiana College was founded in 1861, by an association of gentlemen residing at and in the vicinity of South Bend. They organized under an act of tlie General Assembly, entitled "An act for the incorporation of high schools, academies and colleges." The institution was for the accommodation of both male and female students. The first Board of Trustees was composed of the following named gentlemen: Schuyler Colfax, "William Miller, John H. Harper, John Brownfield, Asbury Clark, George F. Layton, Francis R. Tutt, John AV. Chess and Elisha Egbert. A college building was erected at the west end of Washington street, one mile from the court-house. It was easy of access, healthy, andafiforded a fine view of the city and surrounding country. From its inception, it had many difficulties to contend with, principally of a financial character. On this account the edifice was not completed until the fall of 1S66. The building was of brick 50x90 feet, and four stories high, including basement. The front was ornamented by a central and cylindrical tower, rising to an altitude of nearly one hundred feet, and connected with every floor in the building. The interior arrangement was well adapted to the purposes for which it was intended, and the whole edifice finished in a workmanlike manner.

was preached by Kev. T. M. Eddj, of Chicago, the sermon being founded upon Proverbs xxix:18, " Where there is no vision, the people perish."

The school was duly opened, lingered a few years, became involved, the school closed, the building passed into other hands, and the Northern Indiana College was of the past.