Vanderburgh County, Indiana - Biographical sketches (2 of 6 so headed), 1889 (part 1 of 2)

Biographical sketches

BIOGRAPHICAL. Hon. William Heilman was born in Albig, Rhenish Hesse, Germany, October II, 1S24. His father, Valentine Heilman, was a reputable farmer who died in 1826. For her second husband Mrs. Heilman married Peter Weintz, and in 1843 the family came to America, landing in New Orleans. Thence they moved to St. Louis and shortly afterward to Pose}' countv, Ind., where Mr. Weintz engaged in farming. William was at this time a sturdy lad of nineteen years and had evidenced the possession of those traits of character which have since contributed so largely to his success. Life on a farm was not congenial and he resolved to seek a more profitable vocation. In 1847 he came to Evansville, and in company with his brother-in-law. Christian Kratz, established a small machine shop and foundry on Pine street, using two blind horses to supply the motive power. In a comparatively short time the tact and sagacity of Mr. Heilman as a man of affairs began to attract attention. Three years later the business had increased to such an extent that increased facilities became absolutely necessary, and the firm built a commodious brick shop and commenced using steam power. In 1854 thev manufactured their first portable engine, and in 1859 their first thresher. Upon the breaking out of the war of the rebellion many of Mr. Heilman's business associates were in doubt as to the ultimate success of the Union armies. Mr. Heilman and his partner took a decided stand for the preservation of the union of the states, and it was here that that business forecast so essential to the successful business man was exhibited in its strongest light. In 1864 Mr. Kratz, receiving for his interest $100,000, thus showing with what success they had worked up to that time, retired from the firm, since which time Mr. Heilman has conducted the business alone. Through his energy the establishment has grown to massive proportions, occupying nearly an entire block. While so deeply engrossed in business, matters of public import have always received Mr. Heilman's careful attention. In 1852 he was elected councilman, and for many years discharged the duties of that office with credit to himself and to the entire satisfaction of his constituents. Mr. Heilman has always been a staunch republican. In 1870 he was elected to the state legislature, and in 1872 was nominated for congress, and although the district was democratic by 2500 votes, he reduced his opponent's majority to 112. In 1876 he was elected to the state senate, and while in Europe in 1878 the republicans of the First congressional district of Indiana again selected him as their standard bearer. He accepted the proffered honor, and after a short stay in his nadve land, returned, and at the close of a spirited canvass of sixteen days, was elected by a flattering majority. In congress as everywhere else, Mr. Heilman evidenced that keen perception and sterling good sense which ha\ebeen conspicuous in all his undertakings. In evidence of this fact, a portion of a speech delivered in the house in 1879,' on the "Warner Coinage Bill,"' a measure intended to enrich the holders of silver bullion at the expense of the people, lo the extent of 15 cents on the dollar is quoted below. Mr. Heilman was thoroughh' convinced that the success of the important measure of resumption, then but a few months old, required nothing but letting alone. He insisted that "honesty is the best polic\-" in governmental matters as well as in everything else, and while denied a finished education in books, he had always been an apt pupil in that other school in which the teachers are observation and experience. In his speech his business acumen asserted itself. He thus expressed his views on the bill : '- I am stronglv in favor of well considered, practical legislation to benefit the agricultural and manufacturing interests, to increase our commerce and wealth, but by all means let us have some stabilitv in our financial legislation. The condition of the countr\- is at last sureh, although perhaps slowly, getting better, and what commerce and finance need just now more than an^-- thing else is to be let alone."

In congress he was noted for his keen foresight and watchful study of |iublic affairs, and he was regarded by his fellow members as one of the best of business leirislators. His views were always practical and his advice sound. While Mr. Heilman's political record is enviable, his pre-eminence lies in his career as a man of affairs, and it is safe to assert that what his enterprise and genius have done to advance"and foster the commercial prosperity of the citv of Evansville has not been excelled by the efforts of any other individual. The cotton mill owes its existence to his energy and capacity in financial investments, and the same remarks will apply to many other important enterprises. Every project having for its object the adxancement of the interests of the citv of Evansville has always found in him a warm friend and supporter. To him the Latin phrase fabcr suae fortuiiac^' is eminently applicable. Beginning \vith little more than his natural endowments as his caj-iital. he has achieved success in all departments of life, and his course is worthy of emulation by all classes of vountr men. Commencing at the bottom round of the ladder with a borrowed capital of $500, he is now regarded as one of the wealthiest manufacturers of the state. His capacity for work has been great and his dispatch of business rapid. He is now sixty-four years of age, but is still an indefatigable worker and always punctual. These characteristics ha\e contributed largely to the successful achievements of his life.

In 1848 Mr. Heilman was married to Miss Mary Jenner. She was born in German\', and came to this country when nine years of age. The result of this union is a family of nine children. His sons, George P. and William A., are prominent business men, the former manager of the Heilman Hominy Mills and the latter associated with his father in the Heilman Machine Works. Mr. Heilman has been a consistent member of St. Jolin's Evangelical church since its organization in 1851.

John Sha.nklix, one of those whose honored names are imperishablv written in the history of southern Indiana, had a career that is a notable illustration of the possibilities of life in a land of freedom to an energetic and indomitable spirit. When he was a babe of two j-ears, the father, who bore the same name, fell in the Irish rebellion of 1798, fighting for the liberties of his native land. For this orphaned child, born at Carrick Magra, county Donegal, on the 17th of February, 1 796, there surely could have been, in those troublous times, no augur\- of a prosperous future. At the tender age of thirteen years, after receiving such education as could then and there be obtained, he began the battle of life as an apprentice in a general store at Donegal, and remained there five years. Then the story of the new world drew him, and on the 5th of August, 1815, after a sixweeks' voyage in a sailing vessel, he set foot on American soil at New York. I lis apprentice lessons then stood him in good stead, and he immediatelv began an engagement, which lasted three vears, with Samuel & James Lambert, wholesale hardware merchants on Pearl street, New York. The end of this engagement was caused, again, by tidings of the promise for young men further west. He talked with a hardware dealer from Frankfort, Ky., a Mr. Miles, who invited \'Oung Shanklin to become a salesman for him, and the offer was accepted. At this new pioneer home, a great misfortune befell him, onl\' a few days after his arrival, an accident which caused the amputation of his right foot! This at fii'st seemed to force him to abandon business, and he essayed teaching, in which he had fair success, at Shelbyville and vicinitv, for about three years. Then he went back to trade, entering the extensive auction store of Robert J. Ormsby, at Louisville. Ormsby pro\ed to be a good friend, and established Mr. Shanklin in the dry-goods business at Newcastle, Ky. But the hopes of the voung merchant were [ speedily crushed. Ormsby failed, and a nice sense of honor impelled the voung man to send back to Louisville all the goods he had received. He had nothing of commercial \alue left but a horse and saddle and a good credit. The latter enabled him to obtain a stock of goods at Shelbyville, Ky., and he estabHshed himself again in business, this time at Hardenburgh, Kj-., with one Moffatt as partner. In a few months they moved to Evansville, beginning business life in this city, December 3d, 1823. Their stock was too large for the town, and the partner, Moffatt, took half the goods to Cynthiana. Under the firm name of Shanklin & Moffatt, Mr. Shanklin conducted the business at the corner of Locust and Water streets until 1827, when the firm was dissolved. Then for five vears the firm name was Shanklin & Co., changing to Shanklin & Johnson in 1837, and afterward to Shanklin & Reilh". Until 1853, the original business stand was occupied. On the first of January, 1872, Mr. Shanklin retired from trade, and devoted himself to the care of his pri\-ate affairs, and five years later, on the nth day of January, 1877, he was called to rest, peacefully closing a long life well spent, in business he was active and sagacious. His enterprises were grand in scope and remarkably successful. For many years he engaged in shipping the agricultural products of the region, first by flat-boat, and then bv steamers, to New Orleans, and throughout the great region in which his trade extended, his name was always untarnished and his honor and his credit unquestioned. Not onl\- in business was he active, but in those enterprises which make men beloved of their fellow citizens, in those things which work for the general good, and in his attitude toward the religious and benevolent movements of societv, he was readv, sympathetic and open-handed. His estimable wife was trul}- a helpmeet in these functions, and to her as the founder of the Sundayschool movement in Evansville, the community of to-da}' owes a deep debt of gratitude. Her zealous, self-sacrificing spirit will be immortal here, in the good that she has done. As time lolls on, the memories of these two noble lixes will grow fresher and sweeter, an inspiration to all earnest souls who would achieve honest success for themselves, and lend an ever-ready hand of aid and encouragement to others.

Foster Family. - ^Judge Matthew Watson Foster, and his descendants, have occupied a conspicuous place in the annals of V^anderburgh countv from very earlv times to the present. Judge Foster was born in Gilestield, count\- of Durham, England, June 22, iSoo. When a bo}- he was apprenticed to a bookseller, and through the opportunities thus afforded, became remarkably well informed both upon literarv and legal topics. Leaving his native country he came to New York in 1S12, five years later removed to Edwards county, 111., and in 1819 settled in Pike county, Ind. He occupied a prominent place in the early annals of Pike county, and for several years served as associate judge of the circuit court. lie was engaged as a farmer, miller and merchant in that county until 1846, when he came to Evansville, then attaining sufficient prominence to claim recognition as a citv. Here he resided until his death, which occurred April 13, 1S63. Upon his arrival in Evansville he engaged activeh* in business, and immediatelv took a prominent position as a most enterprising, upright, enlightened and philanthropic citizen. Concerning everjpublic enterprise his advice had great weight. The city's railroads, churches, free schools and public libraries were all aided b\' his generous heart and enlightened mind. When the ci\il war broke out his patriotism early proved itself. Too far advanced in life for personal service in the field, he was among the first to raise his voice and open his purse to secure recruits. Three of his sons enlisted in the federal army and rendered effective and distinguished service.

Judge Foster was one of the most prominent men of the city during his day, and contributed largeh- to the general advancement of E\'ans\ille. In e\er\' relation of life his conduct was characteristic of a true, pure and upright man. He was married June 18, 1829, to Miss Eleanor Johnson, who died September 22, 1S49, aged thirty-seven vears. To this union eight children were born. In 1 85 1 he was married to Mrs. Sarah Kazar, widow of Nelson Kazar, who died in California in 1849. Two children were born of the second marriage: William M. Foster and Elizabeth Clifford. George Foster, eldest son of Judge Foster, now resides at San Diego, Cal. He was born in Pike countv, Ind.., about 1831, and from 1855 to 1863 was wholesale merchant and pork packer, doing a large business. Eliza, the second daughter of Judge Foster, is the wife of Guild Copeland, Es(]., a prominent banker and broker of Passaic, N. J.

Col. John W. Foster, the third child, a distinguished citizen, soldier and diplomat, was born in Pike countv, Ind., March 2, 1836. His early education was obtained in the schools of this cit\-. He studied law and activelv engaged in the practice, but when the civil war broke out he left his private affairs and went to the front. His service commenced with the Twent_\'-tifth Indiana Infantry - the first regiment that went out as a distinctively Vanderburgh count)- organization. He was commissioned major, and April 30, 1862, was promoted to lieutenant-colonel. On the following August 4, he left the regiment to take command of the Sixty-fifth Indiana Infantrv, as colonel of which organization he served until November 10, 1864, when he was induced to resign because of ph3-sical disability. Recuperating his health somewhat, on May 21, 1864, he was commissioned colonel of the One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Indiana

The City Of Evaxsville

Infantry, and served through the campaign of that year, being mustered out with his regiment on November lo, 1864. Returning home he occupied a prominent place as a citizen, and in 1S66, became interested in the Evansvillc Journal, as one of its editors and proprietors. In 1868, he was appointed postmaster of Evansville by Gen. Grant, which otfice he resigned later to enter the diplomatic service of the government. As minister of the United States to Mexico, Russia and Spain, he has rendered distinguished service. Throughout his career he has been a staunch republican, a wise and judicious politician. His abilities are such that he was sent abroad by President Cleveland to attend to particular matters of state, requiring the highest degree of skilled diplomac}- for their proper settlement. He now resides in Washington, D. C, practicing international law, but is deeply interested in the welfare of Evansville. He is a member of Farragut Post, G. A. R. He w as married to Miss Mary Park McPherson, to whom four children have been born.

Alexander H. Foster, a leading citizen of Evansville, was born in Petersburgh, Ind., March i, 1S38. He was educated in the State Universit}' of Indiana. In July, 1861, he entered the federal army as regimental quartermaster of the Twenty-fifth Indiana Infantry, and served two years. Later, he was engaged in the wholesale grocery business in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Memphis, Tenn. He returned to Evansville in 1866, and engaged in the pork packing business. He served three years as a member of the Evansville city council, and on January 11, 1888, was appointed metropolitan police commissioner of Evans\ille. In 1S82, he began business as a grain broker, and has continued the same up to present. Mr. Foster was married April 11, 1861, to Martha Hopkins, daughter of the late Hon. John S. Hopkins, one of the leading men of the citv and state, and to this union four children have been born. John H., an attorney at law in this city; Frank, bank clerk in First National Bank; George, assistant city assessor, and Marv.

James H. Foster, youngest son of Judge M. W. and Eleanor Foster, was born in Pike county, Ind., March 12, 1844. He was graduated from the State University at Bloomington, Ind., in 1864, receiving the degree of A. M. and delivering the master's oration. A few months before his graduation he enlisted in the One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Indiana Infantry, and served with that regiment until mustered out in September, 1864. For a time after the war he was engaged as a wholesale grocer in Cincinnati, Ohio; Memphis, Tenn.; and New Orleans, La. He remained in the south until 1884, engaged until 1872 in mercantile pursuits, and later as a planter in Mississippi. Coming to Evansville, he was elected city auditor in 1S86, and was reelected in 188S. He is an efficient and popular officer. He was married in 1868 to Miss Retta Riggs, daughter of Judge Riggs, of Sulli\an count}', Ind. Of this union three children have been born : Riggs, who died when twelve years of age; Guild C. and Matthew W. Mr. Foster_ is a republican in politics, and a member of the following fraternities: F. & A. M., K. of P., K. of H. and G. A. R.

Samuel Orr, an early merchant of E\ansville, and prominent]}- identified with the best interests of the city throughout a long and honorable career, was one of the enterprising, benevolent and Christian citizens, to whom the cit\- is indebted for much of its wealth, prosperity, and high commercial and social standing. lie was born in the village of Nevvtownards, count\- Down, Ireland, in 1810. He married, in his native country, Miss Martha Lowry, and in 1833 the young couple came to America. Landing in Baltimore, they proceeded thence to Pittsburgh, where Mr. Orr obtained emplo^-ment in the store of a Mr. Fairman. His ability, integrity, and industrv soon made for him a reputation. Attracting the attention of the Messrs. Laughlin, of that city, they induced him, in 1835, to come to Evansville in their interest, where they began a pork and general merchandise business. In the following year he became a partner in the concern, and for many years, with the Laughlins, carried on a wholesale grocery and iron trade. In 1855 the business was separated into two departments. In the grocery department, his son, James L. Orr, and Matthew Dalzell, were admitted as partners, and under the tirm name of Orr, Dalzell & Co., business was transacted until the beginning of the war. The iron department was carried on in the name of Samuel Orr until 1866, when James Davidson and James L. Orr were admitted to an interest, and the firm st3le was changed to Samuel Orr & Co., by which it continued until the change occasioned by the death of Mr. Orr. It is one of the oldest and largest iron houses in the west. Mr. Orr's integrity and high character permitted only the use of the most honorable methods in the conduct of all his business affairs, and because of this the reputation of the house for fair dealing has never been questioned. Its trade is large, extending in all directions throughout the surrounding countrv, and at all times it has been considered one of the soundest concerns in the city. The career of Samuel Orr as a business man was not confined to the house he founded. The imprint of his individuality is found on nearly all the great enterprises of* the city, for he was enterprising, progressix'e and public spirited. He was one of the incorporators of what is now the Evansville cS: Terre Haute Railroad Company; for many 3'ears was a director in the Evansville branch of the Bank of the State of Indiana, and one of the original directors of the E\-ansville National Bank (the successor of the old State Bank], which, as reorganized, is known as the Old National Bank. When the German National Bank secured its charter he was made its president and held the important position as its chief executive until his death. This brief outline of his business life shows his capacity and ability, but it was not in business alone that the best traits of his character displayed themselves. His kindness of heart, liberality and pure ever^'-day conduct drew to him a vast number of friends, and probably no on eever lived in Evansville who was known and beloved by a greater number of people in all classes. His charity was proverbial. He used to sav: "I love to help worthy objects. I love to give for the good it does me, as well as the good it does those receiving." His hand was ever ready to help the needy who were worthy objects of charity. He was a prominent member of the Walnut Street Presbyterian church and carried his religion into all the affairs of everv-day life. The handsome parsonage of that church is a memorial to him and his wife, erected by a loving son and daughter. His was a long life of noble effort, and his death, which occurred February 8, 1882, was by all regarded as an irreparable loss. Mrs. Martha Lowry Orr was born in Ireland, and died in this city October 9, 1882, after a long life of usefulness, full of good and charitable acts. She was a true Christian, exemplifying in her life the ideals of perfect womanliness. Mr. and Mrs. Orr were the parents of three children, two of

The City Of Evanhville

An illustrious name in the history of Evansville is that of Joiix Ingle. For three generations the name has been borne by men of celebrity in their time. The first John Ingle that Evansville knew arrived here from England on the first Monday in August, 1818. He was born in Somersham, Huntingdon, in 178S, where he had been raised to the career of a farmer and was in good circumstances until the close of the war with Napoleon of the allied powers. Having a strong belief in America, he had come to the new land. After his arrival at Evansville he chartered a wagon and proceeded to Princeton, where he purchased a house. Soon after, he returned to Vanderburgh county and bought a farm in Scott township, at the place now known as Inglefield. He was appointed postmaster by President Monroe and retained that office for over forty-five years. He was a hospitable gentleman, and "John Ingle's cabin"' became known as a place where the latch-string vvas out for the itinerant preacher and the wayfaring emigrant. Plain and simple in his habits, he lived to his eighty-sixth year. The eldest son, John Ingle, Jr., was born in Somersham, England, Januar}- 29, 1812. He attended for some time a "dame school," taught b}' an elderlv lad\' who tried to keep the children out of mischief. After coming to this country, he was a student for a }-ear and a half in the common schools of Princeton, and at home read over and over the small but select librar}* of his father, while the wolves howled about the clearing. He applied himself to cabinet-making, and after learning his trade, started south in 1833 and first worked as a journeyman cabinet-maker at Vicksburg at the time of the great cholera excitement. He went on to New Orleans, worked there eight weeks, and then by a steerage passage reached Philadelphia. For two weeks he walked the streets of the Quaker City seeking work, and no doubt attracting much attention with his hog-skin cap and clothing of Kentucky jeans. Finally he found employment, and then not satisfied with ten hours of labor daily, he managed to read law of evenings in an oftice where George R. Graham, afterward editor of GrahanCs Magazine, and Charles J. Peterson, since publisher of Peterson's Magazine, were also students. Their preceptor, Thomas Armstrong, Jr., since celebrated in his profession, was president of a debating society, in which John Ingle became noted for his skill in defending the unpopular side of many a knott}' (]uestion. After three \ears of reading, he was admitted to the bar, in March, 1838. He came to Evansville and opened an office with Hon. James Lockhart, which partnership was dissolved a year later and he became associated with Charles I. Battell. His career as a lawyer was highly creditable to him, and he obtained a leading position. In 1846 he and E. Q. Wheeler became law partners, and in 1849 Asa Iglehart was adnfitted as a junior member. In 1850 Mr. Ingle turned awa\- from the practice of law and de\oted himself to the Evansville & Crawfordsville railroad enterprise, \vhich had been started by Judge Lockhart, Judge Jones, himself, and others. Judge Hall was afterward associated with the movement. That was a gloomy period for Evansville; the town was poor and unpromising in appearance, the canal had proven an utter failure, and something must be done for the town. Mr. Ingle was one of those who inspired the railroad movement with life and energ)', and made it a success, by his indomitable courage and perseverance, in spite of unpromising surroundings. He was an invaluable superintendent, and as president of the company he displayed finan- cial and executive talent of a rare degree of development. He was married in 1842 at Madison, Ind., to Miss Isabella C. Davidson, daughter of William Davidson, formerly of Scotland. Seven children were the fruit of this union. On account of failing health he resigned the railroad presidency in 1873, and his death occurred October 7, 1875. One of the far-reaching deeds of John Ingle, Jr., was the establishment, in I "i^SS, of the firm of John Ingle & Co., miners and dealers in coal. The products of this famous firm are indeed the -'black diamonds" in the crown of Evansville. Their business has assumed enormous proportions, and under the sagacious management of the third generation of the Ingle family, the head of the firm being John Ingle, son of John Ingle, Jr., there seems to be no limit to the future of the business. The firm possesses 5.^.2 acres of coal near the citv limits, known as the "Ingleside" mine. From this are extracted annually 900,000 bushels of coal and $55,000 paid out annually in wages.

Major Albert C. Rosencranz, member of the citv council and manajrer of the Heilman Plow Works, was born in Baerwalde near the city of Berlin, Prussia, October 26, 1842. His father, C. F. Rosencranz, a watchmaker by trade, was a man of prominence in his native village, and took an active part in the German revolution of 184S. Ha\ing taken up arms against the king, he was obliged to leave his native countr\-, and in 1850, emigrating to America, settled near Evansville. About a year later he located in the citv and resumed his business as a watchmaker. He returned to Europe in 1867 and died twenty years later. His wife, whose maiden name was Dorothea Nohse, died in 1S84. .\lbert was educated in private schools, and at the age of twelve years learned the trade of a watchmaker under his father's directions, at the same time pursuing his studies. When the civil war broke out he was engaged in his father's shop. In 1 86 1 he aided in the organization of Company A, First Regiment Indi.ma Legion, and upon the muster in of the companv became orderly sergeant. In Julv, 1862, he recruited Company F, Fourth Indiana Cavalry, and was commissioned first lieutenant, and in 1863 was promoted to the captaincy. His first service in the field was as bod\- guard to General Ebenezer Dumont, a Mexican officer of prominence. He followed the fortunes of his regiment, and was engaged in several important battles, notably among the number, Chickamauga. In March,

1864, the regiment was ordered to join Sherman on his famous march to the sea. Near Buzzard's Roost the brigade to which he was attached, while making a reconnoissance in front of the left flank of Sherman's army, was attacked by the enemy and lost heavilv. Eight officers were lost. Capt. Rosencranz was slightlv wounded and captured; he was confined in rebel prisons at Macon and Savannah, Ga., Charleston and Columbia, S. C, and Charlotte, N. C. March i, 1865, he was paroled, and on May 3 following, was exchanged. He rejoined his command and was mustered out June 29,

1865. During the winter of 1863-4, he had at limes been in command of the regiment, and soon after his release from prison was commissioned major, his commission being dated Mav i, 1S65. Returning to Evansville he succeeded his father in business, in which he remained until 1868. In that year he was married to Miss Mary, daughter of Hon. Wm. Heilman, and shortly afterward took charge of the office business of the Heilman Machine Works. In 1873, his health became impaired by overwork. On this account he went to Missouri and engaged in stockraising, in which he was highly successful,

Losing both his children by sudden death, he disposed of his interests there in 1876 and returned to Evansville. On the ist of the following January he took charge of the works of the Heilman-Urie Plow Company. In 187S Mr. Urie retired, since which time Maj. Rosencranz has been in exxlusive control of the business. His executive ability and his clo->e attention to business have made his management eminently successful. The company is now manufacturing chilled plows, in addition to their steel goods, for which patents were obtained in 1888, and to meet the extensive demand the capacity of the works has been doubled. Maj. Rosencranz has not confined his abilities and energies to the prosecution of his own business enterprises, but has taken a proper interest in all matters pertaining to the public good. In March, 18S7, when the question of settling the city debt in some way was seriously disturbing the public mind, the city council appointed an advisory committee of prominent citizens to consider the subject. Maj. Rosencranz was placed on this committee and took a leading part in the discussions engaged in. His capacity for handling important public questions was at once recognized, and in April following he was elected to the council from the Fifth ward. Upon the oriranization of the council he was made chairman of the finance committee. Here his skill as a financier soon showed itself, and he did much valuable service in shaping financial interests, and especially in making satisfactory arrangements for the payment of the cit}- debt. He has also served as chairman of the water-works committee and in other important relations. His career as a public officer is beyond reproach: he performs every duty fearlessly in the manner suggested by his conscience and judgment; he places himself under obligations to no man or party of men, and acts always for the public good. In politics he is a staunch republican, but by no means a ward politician in the common acceptance of that term. He is a prominent member of Farragut Post, No. 27, G. A. R.

E,-\iERSON B. Morgan, a member of the firm of Mackey, Nisbet & Co., the largest wholesale dry goods merchants in Evansville, was born in Springfield, Mass., February 19, 1844. His early life was spent in Meriden, Conn. In the public schools of that place and at Norwalk, in the same state, he received his education. When about sixteen years of age he went to New York city, and for five years was engaged as a book-keeper. In Januar\-, 1865, he came to Evansville with Isaac Keen, a prominent and well-known citizen of this place, and took a posi^'on in the dry goods house of that gentleman. He entered the house of Mackey, Nisbet & Co. as a book-keeper in 1868, and seven years later was admitted to the firm as a partner. His excellent business ijualifications have made him an influential factor in working out the great degree of success achieved by this enterprising house. In social as well as business circles he enjoys an enviable prominence. As a member of the order of F. & A. M. he has attained the degrees of templarism. July i, 1869, he was married to Miss Kate M. Laughlin, a native of Evansville, and the daughter of James Laughlin, a prominent man here in his day.

L. M. Baird, produce and commission merchant -at No. 220 Upper Water street, was born in Spencer county, K\-., September 22, 1 83 1. His father, Stephen Baird, a Virginian, early moved to Kentucky, there married Mrs. Sarah Pierson, iicc McDonald, a native of that state, owned a plantation worked bv slave labor, and was prosperous. Selling his farm, he distributed some of his slaves among his children, took some to

Vigo count\-, Ind., whitlier he moved, and gave them their freedom. Purchasing a tract of land near Terre Haute, he settled there in 1833, and remained until his death, which occurred six years later. Seven years after his father's death, at the age of fifteen, the subject of this mention accepted employment as a clerk, and remained so engaged in various positions until October, 185^^; when, yielding to the excitement caused by the rich discoveries of gold on the Pacific coast, in company with Robert N. Gilmore, he he went to California by New York and the Isthmus. Returning to Terre Haute in the spring of 1853, he entered the clothing store of Samuel Mack, where he remained until the beginning of the' next year, when he embarked in the clothing business for himself at Worthington, Green count}-, Ind. At this place, on Christmas day, 1856, he was united in marriage to Miss D. H. Blount, who, two years later, passed away, leaving a little daughter six months old. In May, 1859, '^^ ^^'^^ married a second time, to Miss Ann E. Blount, a sister of his first wife. It was in April, 1861, that he moved to Evansville. After traveling about a year in the interest of Roelker, Bloant & Co., he accepted a situation as book-keeper with W. M. Aikman & Co., at 220 Upper Water street, remaining in that capacity until the summer of 1865, when the firm failed in business, Mr. Baird buying the stock, etc. In September, 1S65, he formed a copartnership with George H. Start, under the firm name of Baird & Start, which was dissolved after nine vears of successful operation. For fourteen 3'ears past the business has been continued by Mr. Baird alone, thus making more than twentv-six vears of occupancy of the same building, first as bookkeeper and then as proprietor. Industry, integrity and wise management have been the chief factors in building his prosperit\-.

The fruits of his efforts embrace, not only the commodities purchasable with mone}-, - but also the more valued comforts which a good reputation and a high standing in the community afford. In politics he is an ardent republican, alwavs ably championing the principles of that party. During the campaign of 1888, as a clear and forcible card-writer, he contributed largel}' to the success of the triumphant party. He is a prominent member of the Masonic order, having attained the degree of Knight Templar. Mr. Baird's second wife died in Januar}-, 1873. She was the mother of nine children, five of whom died in infancy. On December 25, 1873, his marriage to Mrs. Mary Peterson occurred. She was the mother of two children at the time of his marriage, since which six more have been born.

Capt. Charles H. Myerhoff was born at Cincinnati, Ohio, March 10, 1842. His mother dj'ing when he was but six j-ears old he was sent to live with an uncle residing on a farm in Jackson count}-, Ind., with whom, and with John J. Cummins, a lawyer of the same county, he remained until 1856, when he returned to live with his father who had again married. His father's death occurring two years later, he hired to a gardener near Newport, Ky., but soon thereafter moved to Grandview-, Ind., where he was occupied as a laborer. He made a trip to Vicksburg, Miss., ^n a flatboat, and in 1859 started out in a sail-boat with three others to seek ad\-enture and employment. A storm drove them to shore near Hickman, Ky., where the}- took possession of a cabin, and for so doing were ] set upon by a planter and his hounds. j They were thought to be hard characters I and were roundly abused by the irate 1 planter, but when he learned the truth he was profuse in his apologies and offered the men employment. The next morning all went to work in the woods, and while absent the cabin burned to the ground, by which mishap all their clothes were lost. Young Myerhoff was sent to interview the planter, who furnished what mone}' the}' needed, declining to take a note for the amount, considering the young man's verbal promise to pay sufficient. After some hard work in the woods and in the employ of a store boatman, the young man retracing his steps reached Evansville, at the time carrying all his possessions in a bandanna. His brother, John H. Myerhoff, was foreman in the Armstrong Furniture Factory, and here he obtained employment, remaining until the tocsin of war was sounded in 1861. He attended the meeting in the old Crescent Cit}' hall, when the two tirst home guard companies were organized. His name was entered on Gen. BlAthe's company roll, but when Biythe Hynes moved down the aisle rapidly, vaulted upon the platform and announced that Dr. Noah S. Thompson had received a commission as captain and orders to organize a volunter company to start for Washington, D. C, at once, to defend the capital, young Myerhoff arose from his seat and asked that his name be taken from the roll of the home iruard. In a few minutes he presented himself to Capt. Thompson, offering to enHst, but was refused because he was too young and too frail. He persisted, however, and after an examination, in which he showed a familiarity with military tactics, was accepted, being the first accepted man in the first company that left Evansville for the war. While company drill was being conducted in Klausman's hall he was armed with a broomstick and detailed as guard at the front door of the building. His general bearing and sternness made such an mpression on the boys that when he returned to the city as a first lieutenant in 1863, on recruiting service, they remembered him as the man who kept them from seeing the first soldiers in compan}' drill. He was in all the battles participated in b}' the Fourteenth Indiana Infantry, except those fought while he was on recruiting service or in prison. He was appointed corporal; was promoted on Cheat Mountain to sergeant; to orderly sergeant October i, 1862; to first lieutenant Ma}' 7, 1863; was in command of the company in the famous charge of Carroll's brigade on east Cemetery hill at Gettvsburtj; had command of Co. H in the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna and Cold Harbor. Of the twenty-three that he started with on the 4th of May, 1S64, only two were left to leave the works when the regiment's term of service expired on the 7th of June, 1864. Capt. Mj'erhoff was seriously wounded while in front of his men at Cold Harbor - the ball being still in his bod}' - and was sent to hospital, where he effected some heroic reforms, for which he received the thanks of every patient. His regiment wai mustered out long before he was able to leave the hospital. When at length he was discharged, he came to Evansville, and soon became interested in a saw-mill at Grandview. But this work was too heavy for him because of his wounds, and he entered the employ of Philip Decker, who was then sutler of the Tenth Tennessee Infantry, stationed at Nashville. While attempting to go to Nashville he was arrested four times on grave charges, but he was not long delayed. He remained with Mr. Decker as a clerk until the war was over. . Returning to Evansville, he entered the Commercial College of Jeremiah Behme and studied book keeping. In 1866 he entered the employment of Keller & White as book-keeper, and in the next year went with Boetticher, Kellogg & Co. in the same capacity. Here he remained for nearly twenty-one years, and is now a member of the tirm of Harrison, Goodwin & Co., proprietors of the Evansville Stove Works. He is also secretary and treasurer of the Evansville Union Stock. Yards Companv. His ci\'ic prominence consists principallv in his connection with drill organizations. He was elected three times successively as captain of the Evansville Light Guard, a prosperous organization during his captainc\'; was elected captain of Orion Drill Corps, K. of P., and was so thorough as an officer that the corps took three prizes, and he himself was awarded a magnificent gold medal as first prize for excellenc}- as a commander at St. Louis, Mo., August 25, 1880. His drill companies. Red Shirts and Zouaves, in political processions, have attracted much favorable notice. As chief marshal of several large processions he has acquitted himself with credit. He was on the staffs of National Commanders Kountz and Fairchild, of the G. A. R. ; district delegate to the National Encampment of the G. A. R. at St. Louis, in 1887; was strongly urged for department commander of the G. A. R., in 1888; was the second commander of Farragut Post, and is now serving as oflicer of the day. Capt. Mverhoff was married December I, 1867, to Miss Jennie, daughter of Alexander Sharn, of Evansville. Two children havevbeen born of this union, as follow's: Carl S., born September 22, 1868, and Zulma Lois, born October 17, 1888. Misses Emma Wollner and Fannie Sharro have made their home with them for years. Hiram E. Rr:.\i) was born at Princeton, Caldwell county, Ky., February 9, 1823. When he was three years of age his parents removed to Logan countv, Ky., where they purchased a farm of several hundred acres, on which Hiram was reared, working with fifty or sixt)- negroes belonging to the f amil}-. In the fall and winter months he attended a country school. In a few years thereafter his father, DeGrafton Read, who was born in Butler county, Ky., in 1802, and his mother, whose maiden name was Eliza May Hunter, of Logan county, Ky., born in 1805, built what was very familiarly known as the Rockspring male and female academy, and in 1834 purchased White Hall in Russellville, establishing a female academy, which had a large patronage from many of the southern states. DeGrafton Read was known in his day as a great educator, being thoroughl}' versed in general literature and the classics. His death occurred in 1838, after which Mrs. Read conducted the academy until her death in 1841. They were the parents of eight children - three boys and five girls - Hiram being the eldest. At the academy conducted by his parents, facilities were afforded Hiram for obtaining a good English education. Later he was sent to the seminary taught by Prof. John P. French, in Russellville, where he completed his education, becoming thoroughly versed in the Greek and Latin classics. In 1839 he came to Evansville, and obtained a situation as salesman, with Robert Barnes, Esq., one of the principal dry goods merchants of the then flourishing town of Evansville, and remained with him until the death of his mother in 1841. He then went to Owensboro, Ky., to take charge of his younger brothers and sisters and bought a farm near that place. The farm was worked by negroes, and Hiram and a sister, Emma, taught school until the girls wer(! nearly all married. He returned to Evansville in 1850, and taught an English school in the old Methodist church on Locust street. While so engaged, one day he whipped a bov for disobedience and idleness. At recess the bov went home and informed his uncle of the fact. The uncle came at once to demand an apology, instead of receiving which he was hustled into the street and badly beaten b}' the indignant school-master. Two law-suits were immediately brought against Mr. Read, one for whipping the man, and one for assault and battery on the boy. He paid the fines and costs in both cases, returned to the school-room, rang the bell "for books," gave each pupil an affectionate good-bye and dismissed school for the last time. Thus ended his career as a teacher. He then accepted a situation with J. H. Morgan, Esq., a retail dry goods merchant. The firm soon thereafter became Morgan & Keen, and later Morgan, Keen & Preston, wholesale dr\- goods and notions, and Mr. Read remained with them as principal salesman. The manner of his leaving the house was characteristic of the man, who never allows his rights to be trampled on. One day Mr. Read had shown a customer through the stock, when one of the proprietors undertook to sell him what he wanted. Mr. Read claimed the customer and insisted on waiting on him ; words passed, Mr. Read demanded his rights, was denied, then walked to the desk and asked for settlement. He left the house, and in thirtv minutes had engaged his services to Merritt, Field & Co., then the largest wholesale dr\- goods and notion house in the city, at double his former salary, and afterward sold the customer whom he had shown through the stock of Morgan, Keen & Preston. Two years later Mr. Read accepted a situation in the large dry goods jobbing house of Conkling, Barnes & Shephard, of New York, where he had a large and profitable trade. In a short time Merritt, Field & Co. offered him the same salary he was recei\ing in New York, with an assurance of an interest in the house at the expiration of two years. He accepted the offer and returned to Evansville. At the end of two years with J. S. Jaquess and H. C. Gwathney, he bought out the house in which he was employed and later sold his interest to his partners. The firm of Read & Burrow was then formed for transacting a whol esale boot and shoe business. This house was succeeded by Read & Lawrence, and this by Morgan, Read & Co. During the war the firm sold annually between $500,000 and $600,000 worth of boots, shoes and hats. At the close of the war a large stock of goods was on hand and the styles had changed. It became imperative to dispose of the stock as speedily as possible. For this purpose the house of Read, Morgan & Co. was established in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1866. After disposing of his interests in Cincinnati, Mr. Read returned to Evansville and reentered the old firm of Morgan, Read & Co. He began then to enlarge his operations, and for a time was engaged in buying leaf tobacco in Evansville, Louisville, and Paducah, his purchases in the three markets often amounting to $10,000 per day. It was often said then that "it would take the largest bank in Evansville to run Hi Read." The closing of the Prussian and French ports to export tobacco during the Franco-Prussian war of 1870, caused a verv heavy decline in tobacco that entailed a heavy loss on him, which was added to by heavy losses through the bankruptcies of his customers. He tried hard to extricate himself from embarrassment by selling between $75,000 and $100,000 worth of valuable real estate. Finally he sold out his interest to his partners, they obligating themselves to assume the indebtedness of the firm. He then accepted a situation as salesman in the wholesale dry goods house of Jaquess, Hudspeth &Co. for one year. At the expiration of that time he opened a real estate office in Evansville and has so continued since except for about three years, when he was disabled by a stroke of paralysis. The character of the man, his progressive spirit, his activity and boldness, his honesty and philosophical acceptance of reverses, are shown in this narrative of the chief events of his career. His efforts for the public good illustrate another important phase of his character. In iS8o a tax league was formed by the business men of Evansville to check the lavish expenditure of the public funds by the board of county commissioners. Mr. Read was appointed by the league to watch the actions of the board and stop questionable allowances. It was not an uncommon occurrence for two or three injunctions to be taken out daily. As a result of his watchfulness many improper allowances were prevented and much money saved to the public. Mr. Read is now sixty-five years of age and seems as buoyant and as ambitious as a young man, to sell propert}' and in ever}'^ way to keep pace with this progressive age. He has used all his influence to make Evansville a railroad center, and every effort to advance the general good has found in him a ready, willing and influential supporter. Mr. Read was once passing around a petition with the view of getting lOO freeholders to sign it, asking the city council to order an election to take stock in the Peoria, Decatur & Evansville Railroad to the amount of $125,000. He accosted a prominent citizen and asked for his signature. "No!" said the man. "I would like to shoot about half a dozen men who have run us in debt so for railroads." " I hope," said Read, " 30U would let me pass." "No, sir, I would shoot you the first man," was the (juick reply. He is perfectly alive to the interests of Evansville, and fondly hopes to see 100,000 inhabitants of the city before he gives up business. Mr. Read has been married three times. In 1846 Miss Torisa A. Jones became his wife. She died in 1853, leaving three sons. In 1856 he was married to Miss Angle A. Combs, of Evansville, Ind. Of this union thirteen children were born. The death of his second wife occurred in 1876. His marriage to Miss Virffinia Conn, of Evansville, was solemnized in 1878.

Laban M. Rice, one of the leading cot- ! ton and tobacco commission merchants of ' Evansville, doing business at No. 414 Water : street, is a native of Webster county, Ky., born March 6, 1838, and is the son of James R. and Elizabeth (Nichols) Rice. His father j was born m North Carolina in 1790, and when a young man emigrated to Kentuck}-, settling in what is now Webster county, where he was engaged in agricultural pursuits until his death, which occurred in 1852. His mother was born in Caldwell county, Ky., in 1807, and was the daughter of Noah Nichols, a Virginian who moved to Kentucky in the pioneer era. She died in 1S73, after a long and useful life. Their family consisted of eight children, four of whom survive. Laban M. Rice was reared on his father's farm and was forced to depend on the imperfect neighborhood schools of early days for his mental training. Howevc-, possessing studious habits, he obtained a fair education. When the civil war was commenced his sympathies were with the south, and acting upon the honest convictions of his conscience he enlisted as a private in the First Kentucky Cavalry and for about fifteen months served faithfully with that organization. Returning home after the war, he engaged in merchandise at Dixon, Ky., for about ten years. During that period he was also engaged as a banker and dealer in leaf tobacco. In October, 1878, he located in Evansville and began the cotton and tobacco commission business with the firm of Rice, Givens & Headley, of which he was the senior member. In 1885 Messrs. Givens & Headley retired, since which time Mr. Rice has conducted the business alone, being ably assisted by his sons. His sagacit}' and the honorable methods pursued in the conduct of his business have won for him a hiijh rank amon«- the able merchants of the city. Mr. Rice has been married three times. First, in November, i860, to Ann E. Wilson, of Webster count}^ Ky., who died in August, 1861, leaving one child, John T. In March, 1866, he was united in marriage to Mattie M. Lacv, of Providence, Ky., who died February 15,

W. B. HiXKLE, senior member of the firm of Hinkle, Nisbet & Co.. the largest wholesale boot and shoe house in Evansville, if not in the state, was born in Robertson countv, middle Tennessee, September 4, 1838, and is the son of Peter and Doxey (Tate) Hinkle, both Tennesseans. He was reared and educated in his native state. Coming to Evansville in 1863, he entered the old dry goods store of Archer, Mackev & Co., and for eleven _years remained in that house, during all the changes in the hrm. In 1874 he engaged in the wholesale boot and shoe business, being a member of the firm of Minor, Dicke\- & Hinklp, which continued for three years, when Mr. Minor withdrew. The business was then conducted for two years by the firm of Dickey & Hinkle, when Mr. Dickey withdrew, and the firm became that of Hinkle, Nisbet & Co., continuing so to the present. Mr. Hinkle is a member of the Business Men's

Association, in which he is at present a director. Coming to Evansville a poor man, he began with no capital, save his abilit\' as a thorough business man, and has passed through the ordeal successfully, being now one of the substantial and influential men of Evansville. In 1866 he was united in marriage to Miss Willie Eveas, of Greenville, Ky. To this union three children have been born, as follows: Clarence L., born in 1867, now traveling salesman for his father: Mary L., born in 1877, and David M.,born in 1879. Mr. and Mrs. Hinkle are members of Trinity Methodist Episcopal church.

Lewis Seitz, of the firm of Bement & Seitz, wholesale grocers, was born in Mt. Carmel, 111., November 23, 184S, and is the son of William and Mary (Schafer) Seitz. He received a common school education in the schools of his native place, and at the age of eighteen came to Evansville, where he has since resided. His first engagement here was with the house of Venemann & Behme, well-known wholesale grocers, where he was employed as book-keeper. He continued so engaged until 1S80, when the firm of Behme & Seitz was formed by his admission to partnership with Anthony Behme, who had previously purchased the interest of Mr. Venemann. This firm continued with an annually increasinfj business until 1887, when the interest of jNfr. Behme was d'sposed of to C. R. Bement, the style of the firm becoming Bement & Seitz. For more than twenty years Mr. Seitz has been identified with this house, first as bookkeeper and later as proprietor, in every capacity giving faithful and valuable service. The house is one of the oldest in the cit\', and through all the vicissitudes of trade has maintained a steady advancement, its transactions increasing year by year, and its position in the commercial world growing more prominent. Actual merit and continued fair dealing have been the main factors in the achie\-ement of its success, and the reputation of the house is established on a firm basis. It now ranks as one of the solid institutions of Evansville, and probabledoes the largest wholesale grocery business in the city. Its trade extends through Indiana, Kentucky, Illinois, and other western and southern states. Public-spirited, energetic and liberal, Mr. Seitz is a highlyrespected and honored citizen in all the various walks of life, and his able and judicious management has contributed largeljto the success of the house, which has become justly celebrated as one of the most enterprising and complete establishments in the southwest. In 187 1 Mr. Seitz was married to Miss Allie T. Fuller, whose death occurred December 8, 1888, at the age of 37 vears. Of this union three children were born, all of whom survive, as follows: Addie, aged 16; Percy, aged 14, and Charles, aged 11 years.

John A. Reitz & Sons. - The importance of Evansville as the largest hardwood lumber market in the world, and the extent of the saw-mill interests, have been adverted to elsewhere in these pages. The firm of John A. Reitz & Sons conducts one of the largest lumber mills in the countr3\ with the prestige of nearly forty -five 3'ears" successful business. John A. Reitz, Sr., started this business in 1845, not amply provided with capital, but backed by his own good business qualities and determination to succeed. As the business prospered, he found it necessary to have help in its management, and his sons, Francis J. Reitz, John A. Reitz, Jr., and Edward Reitz, have become associated with the firm, and their mill, located at the mouth of Pigeon creek, is one of the most extensive of the region, employing a large number of men, and is of great capacity and supplied with the most recent and perfect machinery obtainable. The members of the firm are remarkably skillful in business, and have not only reaped ample personal reward, but have done much toward making Evansville famous. On account of the advanced age of the father, the management of the business de\olves upon Francis J. Reitz. For twenty-four years the latter was connected with the foundry business of Reitz & Hanev, in charge of office and financial matters, and now has control of this extensive lumbering business. He is also a director in the First National Bank, and a stockholder in the German National Bank, and president of the Evansville Electric Light Company.

Little & Croft Lumber Company. - Another extensive mill operated until recently, was that of the Little & Croft Lumber Co., incorporated. Samuel W. Little, president and general manager of the company, was born in South Carolina, June 17, I 1832, being the youngest son in a family of seven children. His father, Samuel Croft, law and did an extensive business until its mill was destroyed by fii'e in the summer of 1888, at great loss. Samuel Little is an active, public-spirited citizen, and has aided in many ways to advance the general prosperit}- of the city, while at the same time he has attained for himself a competence, by dint of his industry and good management. He was married, in 1S70, to Miss Mary E. Macer, a native of Evansville, daughter of Thomas Macer. They have two children, Chas. S., and Harry W., aged respectively fifteen and thirteen years. Mr. Little and his famil\- are members of the Presbyterian church.

Benjamin F. Croft, vice-president of the company, was born in Richland county, Ohio, May 30, 1848, being the youngest in a family of seven children, born to Benjamin and Mary (Buckingham) Croft. His father, a native of England, was a man of great force of character, and possessed of an iron will. Upon emigrating to America he settled in Maryland and moved thence to Richland county, Ohio, where he successfully conducted a woolen mill, and became one of the prominent men in that locality. B. F. Croft was educated in his native country, and when eighteen years of age, embarked in the sawmill and lumber business. After two years he removed to Eaton Rapids, Mich., where he sustained a heavy loss by fire, but undaunted b)' this he threw new energy into his business and achieved success. Later, at Saginaw, Mich., Albion, Ind., and Chicago, 111., he engajred in the same business. Coming to Evansville, he joined Samuel W. Little as a partner, and when, in 1886, the Little & Croft Lumber Co. was formed he became its vice-president. A large degree of the company's success was due to ' his skill in management, and his industrious and systematic habits. He was married in Albion, Ind., August, 1870, to

Jacob Meyers & Bro. - The Southern Planing Mill, employing no less than fifty men, and doing an extensive business, occupies a prominent position among the industries of the city. Its proprietors are recognized as enterprising and progressive business men, and, by fair and honorable conduct, have estabHshed themselves in the good-will of the people. Jacob and Michael Meyers are brothers. They were born in Bavaria, the former December 25, 1828, the latter July 12, 1837. Their parents were Michael and Catherine (Alexander) Meyers, natives of Germany, born respectively in 1795 and 1797- The father served honorably in the armies of his native country, and came to his death by an unfortunate accident occurring in 1845. Two years later the mother, with her children, emigrated to the United States, settling in Cincinnati, Ohio, and in 185 1 removing to Indiana. The Meyers brothers, the immediate subjects of mention in this connection, received the rudiments of a fair education in the schools of their native land. Both were apprenticed to carpenters, and learning the trade, worked for a time as journeymen carpenters. In 1856 Jacob began the business of a contractor, and, ten years later, was joined by his brother Michael, who, from 1862, had been engaged in mercantile pursuits. Prudent and economical, they had accumulated a nice capital, and being practical workmen, determined to embark in a more extensive enterprise. They purchased what was then known as the Steel & Trible planing-mill, located on Second street, between Chestnut and Cherry streets, and operated it for one year, when they removed to their present place of business, at the corner of Water and Goodsell streets. Success followed industry and wise management. In 1887 their continued prosperity warranted the tearing down of the old building and the erection of one of the finest and best equipped planing-niills in the state. The new building is of brick, the main structure bt-'ing two stories high, 62x192 feet, with engine-room, boiler-house and extensive lumber sheds in addition. The manufacture of doors, sash, blinds, frames, mouldings and all manner of builders' supplies, is here extensively engaged in. The proprietors ot this mill are justly accredited with being among the most enterprising and prosperous business men of the city. Both have been twice married and have interesting families. Jacob Meyers, in November, 1851, took for his wife Henrietta Plensinger, a native of Germany, born in 1832. She was the mother of four children : George W., Mary E., Laura E., and Addie. Her death occurred in this city in August, 1862. In July, 1863, Mr. Meyers was united in marriage to Anna B. Keck, born in Posey county, Ind., in 1840, daughter of Andrew and Rosanna Keck, and a very worthy woman. Of this union four children have have been born: Edwin J.,Lillie, Estella and Clinton K. Michael Meyers was fii'st married in 185S to Mary Becker, a native of Indiana, born in 1838, who died August 15, 1864, leaving two children, Anna A. and Frank B. Mis second marriage occurred in 1865 to Isabella Metz, then twenty-five years of age, and to whom four children have been born : Alexander M., Nellie B., Emma C, and Alice U. Both of these families belong to the German Methodist Episcopal church. Bernhard Schuttler, the foreman of Meyers Bros.' planing-mill, was born in German township, this county, March 10, 1843. His parents, David and Caroline (Sincich ) Schuttler, natives of Germany, came to this country in 1840, and lived in German township until their deaths, which occurred in 1858 and 1852, respectively. Bernhard Schuttler is third in a family of nine children, five of whom survive. His boyhood was spent on the farm. At sixteen vears of age he removed to Evansville, and began ser\-ing an apprenticeship at the carpenter's trade under Jacob Meyer. Two N'ears later, in 1S61, he enlisted in Co. A., Fortj'-second Indiana Volunteers, and, going to the front, was in the engagements at Champion Hills and Stone River, where he was wounded, and participated in the brilliant Atlanta campaign. He was honor-

' abh' discharged October 17, 1864, at Villanow, Ga. Returning to civil life he entered the service of Jacob Meyers & Bro., and has since continued with this firm, being for the past sixteen j-ears foreman of their

" extensive mills. September 8, 1868, he was married to Miss Mary Damm, born September 28, 1845, in Posey county, daughter of Christopher and Christina (Bunde) Damm. His family consists of eight children : Emma

\ K., Edward E., Ida R., Adolph W., Julius U., Benjamin J., Albert P., and Oscar C. Politically, Mr. Schuttler is a republican. He is a member of the G. A. R. He and his wife are members of St. John's Lutheran church.

RiET.MAX & ScHUi/n-:. - This well-known firm, manufacturers of hardwood lumber, railroad lumber and bridge timber, have attained a leading position among the woodworkers of the city. Their mills are extensive and employ regularly about 100 men. Henry Rietman, who, by dint of industry and close attention to business has risen from a wage-worker to a prominent place among the business men of this city, was born in Germany, July 31st, 1823. His father, J. II. Rietman, was a respectable farmer who lived and died in the land of his nativity. He was educated in the schools of his native place, spent his youth upon a farm, served three years in the German armv, and at the age of twenty-six years came to Evansville. He was then a single man and for a time worked as a day laborer in a saw-mill. He was energetic, economical and ambitious. By i860 he had saved enough to embark in business for himself, and in company with B. Nurre commenced the operation of a mill. This partnership was soon dissolved, Charles Schulte joining Mr. Rietman in the business. In 1865 the mill was destroyed by tire. It was rapidly rebuilt. In three months from the time of its destruction it was again running. Since that time by good management the business of the lirm has been multiplied manv fold. Mr. Rietman was mar- ' ried October 20, 1857, to Miss B. W. Ilanselelman, a native of Holland and \ daughter of John Ilanselelman. They have ^ three children: Ben H., Henry H., and i Elizabeth. The family are members of the Roman Catholic church.

Charles Schulte, one of Evansville's leading business men, is a native of the king- | dom of Prussia, where he was born on the 15th day of May, 1838. We find him twenty years afterward on his wa}- to America seeking fortune and a new home. He came directly to Evansville, and although unaccjuainted with the ways and language of the new world, he proceeded to engage at once in business with his accustomed energy and push. His first venture was flour milling, then dealing in grain and produce, until 1S63. when he became associated with his present partner, Henry Rietman, in the saw-mill business. This was then in its infancy, but with close application and energy, he was soon able to bring the business up to its present capacity and prosperity, makmg it one of the largest enterprises of the city, and e.xtending their trade in hardwood lumber over this country and Europe.

Mr. Schulte is part owner of the Fulton Avenue Brewery, one of the largest establishments of the kind in this part of the state. He is a large stockholder and director in the German National Bank of Evansville, and the senior member of the firm of Schulte, Lohoff & Co., manufacturers of edge tools. There are employed in these different enterprises seyeral hundred men. Mr. Schulte has done much to build up the city where he has spent the better part of his life. Although a gentleman of ample means and able to enjoy the ease and comforts of life, he is nevertheless constantly engaged in overseeing, managing and directing his diverse interests., which are all flourishinjr. Highh' fortunate is the cit\' which can boast of many men of equal push and energy. In 1 86 1 he was united in marriage to Miss Sophia Summers, who was born in 1843, and with whom he is still living in happ}- wedlock, surrounded with seven children. He and his wife are consistent members of the Catholic church, and are connected with the church of St. Boniface, which has often been the recipient of their liberality. Mr. Schulte is a notable example of what a prudent and careful man, full of energy and ambition, may accomplish in this country under adverse circumstances.

Joseph A. Nurre, traveling agent for Rietman & Schulte, lumbermen, was born in Evansville, Ind., April 13, 1852, being the son of Bernard and Elizabeth Nurre. Bernard Nurre was born in Germany in iSo7,and emigrated to America about 1835, locating first at Dayton, Ohio. From that city he and his wife traveled on foot to Cincinnati, where he went to work at his trade in a foundry. About 1839 ^^ came to Evansville and was employed in the one foundry then in existence in the town. At an early date he engaged in the hotel business and for many years was proprietor of the Washiiitrton House on the corner of Third and Main streets, at that time the leading hotel in the cit\-. After leaving the hotel he en<iaired in the saw-mill business in copartnership with II. Brommelhaus, and afterward purchased the old Simp5on millsite, and taking Mr. II. Rietman in partnership, established the present mill of Rietman & Schulte. Later he sold his interest to Mr. Schulte and retired from active business. .Mr. Xurre was a strong democrat and was so well and favorablv known that he was elected by his party to the office of county commissioner, a thing seldom accomplished at that time, the republicans being largeh' in the majority. He served but one term, declining to stand for re-election. His death occurred x\pril ii, 1885. Elizabeth Nurre was born in Germany in 18 16, and died in 1853 when her son Joseph was an infant. Her husband subsequently remarried, and his widow survives him. Joseph A. Nurre was reared in Evansville. He attended the public schools of the cit}- and completed his education at Teutopolis (111.) College. He be<ran life for himself when a small boy as bundle wrapper for Schapker & Bussing, dry goods merchants of this citv. From this humble position he worked up in the same house to book-keeper. In 1873 ^^^ entered the L. & X. railroad freiglit otiice as receiving clerk, which position he held for one year. He then began as a laborer with Messrs. Rietman &. Schulte, and bv dint of persistent effort and close attention to business worked up to his present position, after twelve }ears of service. He is well known as a business man and enjoys a high standing in the community. In politics he is a democrat; and is a member of the Iron Hall. In 18S0 he was married to Miss Ellen Newman, an estimable ladv, who was born in Evansville in 1852. She is the daughter of Mason Newman.

The Helfukh Saw and Plamnc; Mill Co.MP.^NY holds a high rank among the workers in wood. It deals in hardwood lumber and building materials of all kinds. Its president, Adam Helfrich, oldest son of the pioneers, John and Anna (Barbey) Helfrich, was born in Germany, January 17, 1832. His parents emigrating to this countr\- in earh' days, settled in German township and were there known for many \ears as industrious, frugal, and well-to-do people. They were among the organizers of St. Joseph's Catholic church, and remained its devoted members until their earthly careers were ended. Adam Helfrich worked on his father's farm until twent\--three years of age, when, having married on May 17, 1854, Theresa Hilderbrandt, a native of Virginia, daughter of Christian Hilderbrandt, he began to work for himself on a farm, the gift of his father. Selling his farm after a time, he purchased a portable saw-mill. By wise management he accumulated enough to start, in company with John T. Rechtin, a saw-mill on Pigeon creek, in Independence. This mill was operated for some time, but was eventually destroyed by lire, Mr. Helfrich having purchased the entire interest but a short time prior to its destruction. A new mill was bought, and in 1883, a stock compan\- was organized, with Adam Helfrich as president, and William Hardy as vice-president, through whose ability and enterprise the business of the concern has been trreath' extended and successfully conducted. This company owns and operates the extensive brick-yard known as the property of the Evansville Pressed Brick Company. Mr. Helfrich's ability as a man of affairs has been publicly recognized by his election to the city council. Politically, he is a democrat. He is the father of eleven children, eight living: William. Frank, Michael, Kate, John, Annie, Joseph and Edward,

The City Of Evansville

In the dawn of civilization in southwestern Indiana, the state of North CaroHna gave many valuable citizens to the new commonwealth. The}' came with no richer possessions than pure purposes and dauntless courage, ready and willing to meet any fate. James McCorkle and his wife Dorcas, who was a Mclntyre, left their native state, in 1828, with a family of seven children which afterward grew to eleven, and came down the Tennessee river in a small boat or canoe to the shoals below Nashville. From there they made their way overland to Gibson county, Indiana, where they erected a cabin such as pioneer settlers hastily raised when a spot that suited their fancy was found, and there February 9th, 1829, was born John S. McCorkle, now proprietor of the Cit}' Planing and Flouring Mills, and long known in Evansville as a progressive, public-spirited and benevolent citizen. In the spring of 1832, the family moved to Evansville, then a small village. Soon after coming here the death of Mrs. McCorkle occurred. The father of the family lived until Evansville assumed the dignity and designation of a city in 1847, and was identified with the early growth of the place. At the date of his death he was sixty-four years of age. With the exception of about two years, when he resided in Kansas, ever since 1832 John S. McCorkle has been a resident of Evansville. His father's circumstances were such that opportunities for laying the foundation of a polite education were wanting to him in his vouth and young manhood. Naturally studious, however, in the course of a long and active life he has stored his mind with a fund of useful information. At the age of se^-enteen he undertook to learn the carpenter's trade, at which he worked as an apprentice and journe3'man until 1866. During the civil war period he was in the service of the United States government.

building and repairing hospitals for the sick and wounded who were brought to Evansville for care and treatment. In 1866, Mr. McCorkle built his first planing-mill, which was successfulh' operated until April, 1870, when it was destroyed b}' fire. The mill was immediately rebuilt and the business continued. His twenty-two years' career in this business makes him the oldest planingmill proprietor in the city. From his youth he has made his own way in life and has been eminenth' successful. His entire attention has not, however, been absorbed by his business pursuits. An ardent republican, he is deeply concerned in the welfare of his j party. For many years he has been conspicuousty identified with the work of the temperance cause, and he and his wife have been consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal church. As a member of the Business Men's Association he has taken a li\'ely interest in all matters affecting the welfare and progress of the cit\'. His life has been one of industry and constant effort. The success which has come to him has been well deserved. He was united in marriage December 31, 1850, to Miss Mary I. Thorne, a lady of worth, born in Vincennes, Ind., in 1836, the daughter of Charles E. and Nancy (Oliver) Thorne. Of this union four children have been born: John D., in 1S53; Charles R., in i860; Josie C, in 1862, and George A., in 1S65.

ScHULTZE, Thuman & Co. - The Mechanics' Foundry at the corner of First street and Third avenue is an evidence of what thrift and industry can accomplish. This institution,' employing about fifty workmen and manufacturing steam-engines, boilers, saw- and grist-mills and all kinds of machinery, is owned by five of Evansville's enterprising citizens, who in early hfe had no capital except the endowments of nature. Some facts concerning the lives of Henry

A. Schultze, Charles H. Thuman, John II. Thuman, Alexander Jack, and Michael Becker can not fail to possess interest. Mr. Schultze was born in Prussia, April 19, I S3 1. When he was eleven years of age, his parents, George and Annie M. (Wayne') Scluiltze, came to Evansville, and were known here for many years as inilustrious and respectable people. They lived through the allotted three score vears and ten, each spending a useful and honorable life. Henrv A. was the voungest son in a ' familv of eleven children. When sixteen i \ears of age he entered a foundry' with a view of learning a trade and thus fitting himself for the higher grades of employment. For eighteen vears he applied himself industriously, saving and wisely investing his earnings until he had accumulated a considerable sum of money. In 1S65 the Mechanics' Foundry was established, and since that time he has expended most of his energies in building up the concern and extending its business. In politics he is a republican. He and his familv are members of the Lutheran church. He has been married twice. His first wife was Martha Schulz, a native of Germany, who died in 1873, leaving five children, George, Theodore, Gustavus, Julius and Louisa. Six years later he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Clark, a native of Kentuckv.

John H. and Charles H. Thuman, brothers, were born in the dukedom of Baden, Germany, 1819 and 1831, respectivel\-. They immigrated to the United States in 1837, and came to Evansville about 1 85 1 with their parents, who settled near Darmstadt, where the mother died in 1851 and the father in 1853. Their father was a carpenter, and both boys learned the same trade, though John worked at farming in this county for sixteen years. For a time Charles was employed at pattern-mak- ing, but both eventually became part owners in the Mechanics" Foundry, and for many 3ears have been connected with its management. Mr. John Thuman was married in 1845 to Miss Rosina Scheckel, who died five years later, leaving one child, Mina. Subse(juently he married a sister of his first wife, Philippina Scheckel, to whom eight children have been born, seven of whom are living: Mary, Louisa, Carrie, Lena, Dora, John, Frederick and Edward. Mr. Charles Thuman was married in August, 1853, to Miss Barbara Fuchs, a native of Germany, who came to this country in 1S50. Of this union eight children have been born, seven of whom are living: Annie, Lizzie Amelia, Lena, Charles Christian, Charles J., William and Jacob L. This \ounger generation is rapidly advancing, and taking an honorable position in social and business circles.

Alexander Jack was born in Scotland, at the city of Glasgow, 1S33. He is the sixth son of Robert Jack, a weaver, who lived and died in Scotland. The family contained eleven children, all but three of whom are dead. i.\lexander was reared and educated in his native country. At the age of seventeen he started out alone foi' America. He settled in Pennsylvania, and there learned 1 the trade of a machinist and engineer. Coming west, he assisted in putting up a i pig-iron furnace on Green river, in Mulilenburg countv, Kv., where he remained for some time. He came to Evansville about tliirty years ago, and first worked at his trade for Kratz & Ileilman, and later for Reitz & Ilanev. Since the establishment of the foundry with wliich he is now connected, his attention has been devoted principallv to its advancement. He is also a stockholder and director in the N.itural Gas and Oil Company of this place. His good judgment has earned him the confidence of business men generally, and his sturdy charno acter has made him popular. In the spring of i88She was nominated by the repubhcan party and elected to the office of waterworks trustee. He is a Knight of Honor, and, with his family, belongs to the First Cumberland Presbyterian church. January 2, 1S54, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Snedden, a native of Scotland, who, in the midst of a useful life, passed away July 21, 18S7, leaving five children, Nellie, Richard, John, Robert, and Bethia.

Michael Becker was born in Prussia, May 28, 1823, being the oldest son of John and Catherine (Kreppert) Becker, natives of Prussia, who came to Evansville in 1846, lived many years on a farm, and died in this count}-, aged seventy-eight and sixty-five, respectively. In his native country, Michael learned the trade of a blacksmith, and for about ten years followed it at McCutchanville. Coming to Evansville, he was invited to connect himself with the Mechanics' Foundry, and has since been identified with this establishment. In 1862 he was married to Miss Elizabeth Reis, who was born at Darmstadt, in this county. Of this union eleven children have been born, four of whom are living. William H., Frank, Catherine A., and Elizabeth J. The members of this firm, known to the business community as Schultze, Thuman & Co., have pursued honorable methods in the conduct of their business, and by industr\% econom}- and wise management, have attained success.

F. W. Cook Brewing Co. - F. W. Cook and L,ouis Reis, under the firm name of "Cook & Reis," estabhshed and built the City Brewery in 1853, the site then being a corn-field. They continued together until 1S57, when Louis Reis sold his interest in the brew'ery to his brother, Jacob Reis (the step-father of Mr. Cook), leaving the style of the firm unchanged. In 1873 ^^- Reis met with an accident which resulte^j in his death, whereupon Mr. Cook became sole proprietor. In 1885 the City Brewery was converted into a stock company under the corporate name of F. W. Cook Brewing Co. with the following stocki holders: F. W. Cook, sr., F. W. Cook, I jr., H. E. Cook, Andrew Wollenberger, G. M. Daussman, Philip P. Puder and Gus B. Mann. F. W. Cook, sr., F. W. Cook, jr., H. E. Cook, Andrew Wollenberger and G. M. Daussman are the directors of the company, and its officers are as follows: F. W. Cook, sr., president and general manager; F. W. Cook, jr., vice president: Andrew Wollenberger, superintendent; G. M. Daussman, secretary and treasurer; Philip P. Puder, general agent. The sales of the establishment for the present year (1888-89) ^^"^^^ amount to 75.000 barrels; no men are employed in its \-arious departments and $75,000.00 is paid annually in wages. The consumption of malt and hops for the year will be 185,000 bushels of the former, and 115,000 pounds of the latter. While the product of the F. W. Cook Brewing Co. - the famous "Pilsener Beer " - has become a household word and is the most popular beverage in this part of the country, it has also won an enviable reputation abroad, especially in the southern states, and large quantities of it are daily being shipped to all the principal cities of the south. Purity, brilliancy and deliciousness of the flavor, together wjth its sparkling, foaming qualities, is what has made the Pilsener of the F. W. Cook Brewing Co. so popular wherever it has been introduced.

Fred W. Cook, sr., president of the F W. Cook Brewing Company, an enterprising citizen closely identified with many causes of the city's growth and prosperity, began his business career as a poor lad, and. now as the fruits of his industry enjoys pos- sessions value d at not less than a ([uarter of a million dollars. He was born in Washington, D. C, February i, 1S32. His father, Fred Cook, a baker, native of Germany) long li\ed at Washington Citv, and died in Virginia when on his way to Cincinnati, 1S34. ^^'5 mother, Christiana Cook, whose maiden name was Kroener, subsequenth* married Jacob Reis, and after a brief residence at Cincinnati, Ohio, came to E\ansville, reaching here in 1^36. The earlv education of Mr. Cook was meagre, his schooling being confined to about eighteen months' study, distributed through a period of six years. His first emplo\'ment was in the drv goods house of L. W. Ileberd. He then spent two years and a half in a small brewery owned b}' his step-father. By the end of this time he had accumulated $135. His uncle, Louis Reis, having a like amount in cash, the two formed a partnership, and in the spring of 1853 bought the ground, then a cornfield, on which their extensive brewery now stands. A small brewery was built on credit, and in four j-ears Mr. Reis, withdrawing from the firm, was paid for his interest $3,500. Later, Jacob Reis, the stepfather, putting in $6,000 capital, entered the firm, which again was known as Cook & Reis, until the incorporation of the company January i, 1885. As a director in the Citizens' National Bank, director in the Evansville & Terre Haute Railroad Company, president of the I^istrict Telegraph Company, president of the F. W. Cook Bottling Works, director and secretary of the Bernardin Bottle Cap Company, and as a large stockholder in the Indiana Canning Compan}', Mr. Cook has done much to secure the success of these enterprises and to advance the welfare of the city, always exhibiting in the highest degree the qualities essential to a successful financier and man of affairs. The public, recognizing his capacity for the management of great interests, has called him to its service in various relations. He has several times represented his ward in the city council and his county in the state legislature. His career, pri\ate and public, has been characterized by energy, integrity, ability and honor. He is a prominent member of the I. O. O. F. and A. O. U. W. fraternities and of St. John's church. In 1857 he was married to Miss Louisa Hilt, of Louisville, Ky., who died in 1877, leaving four children, Fred W., jr., Heniy E., Charles W., and Ada L. In November, 1878, his second marriage was solemnized with Miss Jennie Himmeline, of Kelh's Island, Ohio, whose death occurred in January, 1884. Of this union three children were born, Arthur B., Helen and Albert L. The older of Mr. Cook's children are well educated and possess the accomplishments which adorn polite society. Fred. W. Cook, jr., vicepresident of the brewing company, is an alumnus of Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Ind., and after his graduation from that institution pursued his studies for two years at the famous University of Heidelberg. Henry E. graduated at the State University at Bloamington, and for three years past has been perfecting his education at the ancient German institution pre\'iously attended bv his brother, where also Miss Ada L. has been pursuing a special course of instruction in music and the modern languages. Charles W. is now an undergraduate at the Indiana State University.

The secretary and treasurer of the brewing company, George M. Daussman, was born at Willzartswiesen, Rhein-Pfalz, Bavaria, March 8, 1847. His parents, Jacob and Eva (Veibert) Daussman, came to America in 1855, and have since resided in this city. He was educated at the public schools of the city, and received his training for a business career in tlie Evans\ille Commercial College. At a verv early age he was employed as a clerk and then as bookkeeper, at various places in this city. In 1866 he accepted a position as book-keeper for Cook & Reis, brewers, and has been with that company ever since. He is now a stockholder and director in the company, and since January i, 1885, has been its secretary and treasurer. His efficiency, integrity and close attention to business, render his services of great value to the company. He occupies a high social position, is prominent in the I. O. O. F. and K. of P. fraternities, the Business Men's Association and Liederkranz singing society. He was married September 18, 1880, to Miss Anna Platz, daughter of Charles Platz, the wellknown manufacturer, of this city. They have four children, George M., Ida, Louisa, and Elsa, the tirst-born. Bertha, having died in infancy.

The superintendent of the brewery, Andrew WoUenberger, was born in Bavaria, May 16, 1841, being the son of Louis and Mina WoUenberger. He was educated in the schools of his native country and was emplo3'ed there as foreman in a brewery. He served in the German army, was a non-commissioned officer in the war of 1866, and two years later came to America. For several years he was engaged in the breweries of Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1S81 he came to Evansville and entered the employ of Cook & Reis as foreman. When the stock company was organized he became a stockholder and superintendent, which position he has since satisfactorily held. In 1869 he was married to Miss Tillie Uhl, a native of German^-, daughter of John L^hl. They have one child, Andrew Louis.

oldest son of Jacob and Catharine (Oswald) Froelich, natives of Germany. He received a common school and business education in this citv, kept books for a time, and then learned the trade of a machinist, at which he worked both here and in Germany. Later he was employed as engineer at the city water-works, and in 1S7S entered the service of the brewing companv. Since 1887 he has been a member of the board of water-works trustees. He is a member of the K. of H. order, of the Zither club, and the Association of Engineers. August 12, 1S77, he was married to Johanna Laubmerheimer, a native of Germany. Of this union two children have been born: Clara, aged ten years, and one who died in infancv. Mr. Froelich and his wife are members of St. John's Evangelical churcli.

The general agent of the Cook Brewing Co., Philip P. Puder, was born in Germany, December 17, 1845. His parents, Gottlieb and Katharina (Becker) Puder, borniniSip and 1822, respectively, lived and died in the fatherland. He is the oldest in a family of live children, four of whom are living. He was educated in Germany and came to Evansville in 1864. He was a machinist by trade, and for four years was employed in the foundry of Hon. Wm. Ileilman, after which he conducted a stove and tinware store, in partnership with his brother, Gottlieb Puder. In 1876 he accepted a position as traveling salesman, with Cook & Reis, and upon the organization of the stock compam', became a stockholder. His thorough business training and qualifications have contributed largely to the extension of the business. He is a K. of H. and member of the A. O. U. W. In 1 868 he was married to Miss AIwine Schnakenburg, a native of Germany, born in 1847. Of this union three children have been born: Otto, Dora and Philip. The father of Mrs. Puder, Col. William

Schnakenburg, attained distinction as a soldier in the late war. He was born in Prussia, August 3, 1817, being the son of Rev. William and Emily Schnakenburg. In 1854 he came to the United States, settling in southern Ohio, and coming to this city two years later. Since then he has continuously resided in this place, being engaged as a merchant and accountant. In i86r he began his military service with the Thirt}-- second Indiana Infantrv, rose to the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and after a faithful and honorable service of eighteen months, resigned. He was married in 1S43, to Miss Minna Lohse, a native of Prussia, to whom four children were born.

Fulton i\vExuE Brewery. - A wellknown building in Evansville was the Old Brewery. This was occupied bv the famous firm of Ullmer & Hoedt, from 1877, until 1 88 1, and here they achieved for their product a reputation unsurpassed by none. Among the consumers of malt liquors the reputation of Evansville beer has become wide-spread and most flattering to the manuacturers of this city. The strong points of the product are purity, brilliancy of color, richness of flavor, and non-liability to deterioration bv cHmate, and in all these, the Evansville beer is unsurpassed. The formation of this creditable reputation is in large part due to the skill and business ability of Messrs. Ullmer & Hoedt. These gentlemen came to the city in 1877 ready to begin on November ist. They made their first brewingonthe 27th of that month, and turned out the first beer December 31st. They prospered from the first, their product sprang at once into popular favor, and in less than thirty months they were able to add one of the most handsome and complete breweries in the country to the industries o'f Evansville. The members of the firm are Charles Wilhelm Ullmer. a native of Russia, and the business manager of the establishment, who came to this country in 1868, and Ferdinand Hoedt, a native of Baden, who came to America in 1S65. The latter is naturally a brewer, his father and grandfather having been in the business, and he learned his trade so thoroughly that he now has no superior in the country, in his father's brewery at Heidelberg. The new brewery, which the firm has occupied for several years, is 74x116 feet, four stories high, and fitted at a cost of $45,000 with all that science and art has devised for the best production of the beverage under the most healthful and attractive conditions. The brewery has a cellar capacity of 3,000 barrels constantly on hand, and a selling capacity of 18,000 barrels per annum. Besides the beer kettle with a capacity of 125 barrels, there is a mash tub with a capacity of 150 barrels, and two steam tubs of lOO and 300 barrels each. The ice as it melts is caught and conveyed to cisterns underneath the beer cellar, which is 40x18 feet, and a capacity of 29.000 gallons. This establishment maintains a large number of employes, and the weekly pa}-roll is no inconsiderable item.