Vanderburgh County, Indiana - Chapter 15, 1889

Chapter 15

The Newspapers of Evansville - The Gazette - The Journal - The Courier - The Public - The Democrat - The Tribune - Other Evening Papers - The Bulletin - The Post - The Call - The Advance - Other Papers.

tHE newspaper, that agent in the diffusion of knowledge and the development of material wealth whose power is universally recognized, earl\' made its appearance in the town of Evansville. In 182 1, the Evansville Gazette was established, its proprietors being Gen. Elisha Harrison and William Monroe. Gen. Harrison was self-taught, honorable, and of great ability and energy. He occupied many important places of trust, and was highly esteemed for his excellent and manly qualities. During his day his individuality was stamped upon nearly every branch of his country's history. Mr. Monroe was a practical printer, and attained no especial distinction. Because of the hard times, affecting everj^ interest about 1824, the Gazette suspended publication.

Ten years passed, during which no paper was published nearer than Vincennes. At the end of this time William Town, who came from the east, settled in Evansville and announced his intention of starting a newspaper. This announcement was gratifying to all classes of citizens, and much encouragement was extended. Mr. Town combined teaching with journalism, and taught a grammar school in the Presbyterian church, of evenings, while preparing his printing office in the old Mansel house, on Main street. About the middle of March, 1834, he sent out his first issue. The leading item was an account of the Buck Horn tavern, so called from the sign, a pair of buck-horns hung on a post in front of the cabin. He called his paper the Evansville yoiirnal, under which name it has been published continuously to the present time. The yoiinial at the outset advocated whig principles, and was a very influential organ. It chiefly displayed its zeal and industry, however, in encouraging the development of the country. Its progressive spirit led it to favor every enterprise whose ultimate object was the advancement of the public welfare. Mr. Town's death occurred within a few years after his arrival here, and in the spring of 1839 ^^^ paper passed into the possession of W. H. and J. J. Chandler, both men of large attainments and influence. The paper on going into their hands was known as the Evansville yoiirnal and Vanderburgh Advertiser, but the latter part of the name was soon dropped. Under the efficient management of its new editors and proprietors a decided improvement was made in the mechanical execution of the paper, as well as in the character of the matter that tilled its columns. After seventeen months, John J. Chandler, on account of the pressure of his legal business, retired from the firm, leaving William H. Chandler sole proprietor. In 1846 the latter started the Tri-iceekly yotiriial, and two years later, the daily. Capt. Chandler, in the publication of this pioneer daily, did the duty of the entire editorial and news department, and in addition, took upon himself not a little of the mechanical work, with his office hours from 4 o'clock in the morning till midnight. He was a man of heroic mold, and had led an eventful life. He was born in New York cit}', March 26, 1814, son of a Vermonter, who had commanded a ship in the ocean trafTic, and later was a merchant in the city. In 1S18 they came west and settled at Evansville, where the father died from the " milk sickness " in the following autumn. In 1822, his mother married Maj. James Cutler, and the family moved to New Orleans by flat boat, going from there, in 1823, to New York, where William had the advantage of the first free school of the cit}'. In 1824 they again came west to Nashville, Tenn., where William introduced himself to the printing business by entering the office of the Nashville Republican as an apprentice, where he remained five years, becoming foreman of the book department and saving $2,000. At twenty years of age he joined the militia and became a captain soon afterward. In 1836, news came that Santa Anna was marching into Texas, and $2,000 being tendered for the expenses of the company if they would join the Texas forces, Mr. Chandler also offered $2,000, and he soon was on his way with a command of fifty-four men. They endeavored to join Gen. Houston, but although accomplishing a wonderful amount of marching they were unable to do this until after the close of hostilities. Eeturning home, Capt. Chandler established a whig paper at Lexington, Ky., the Gazette, which did not survive the state campaign. His next venture was at Evansville, where he became a permanent resident. In 1847 he married Miss Rebecca Hugg. In 1848 he was appointed postmaster by President Taylor, and sold the younialio Gen. Add H. Sanders. His tenure of the postoffice ended with the administration of President Pierce, and for four years afterward he was disabled b}- rheumatism. After that he started a book and job office, and published the first city directory. He retired from active life in 1862.

Gen. Add. H. Sanders retained possession of the yoiinia! for six years. He was an accomplished journalist, and made the paper very popular. His editorials were cleancut and incisive. Naturally witty and abounding in humor, he gave to his local paragraphs a flavor which made them generally attractive. Seeing the importance of a well-edited city department in a daily paper, he gave much of his personal attention to that portion of his journal. His general activit}' and \igor of thought imbued the paper with a spirit which caused its circulation to extend throughout the whole of southwestern Indiana. Gen. Sanders was an influential and consistent advocate of whig principles, until the disastrous campaign of 1 85 2. Afterward he continued to oppose vigorously the democratic organization, and, in 1854, went with the know-nothing party. Two years later he supported Millard Fillmore for president, as the representative of the American part}-. In September of that year, while the political contest was at its height, the journal passed into the hands of F. Y. Carlile, a profound thinker and scholar of large literary and scientific attainments. His pen was ready, graceful and sarcastic, and the paper in certain departments was much improved by its work. In the dis^-ussion of scientific, financial and economic questions, he exhibited rare ability and sound judgment, but his political editorials were not worthy of high commendation. Mr. Carlile found the management of the oHice irksome, and desiring to be associated with practical printers, admitted F. M. Thayer and John H. McNeely to a partnership. The new partners, in April, 1858, assumed control of its financial and mechanical departments

Evansville Pbess

At that lime the yoitrvaJ office was located in the second and third stories of the old Lewis building, at the corner of Main and Water streets. The paper and all the job work was printed on two hand presses. The assortment of tjpe was what could be called fair for a country office. The weekly bills for labor, including compositors, pressmen and foreman, amounted to about $60. The new proprietors at once went to work to put the office in accord with the progressive spirit of the time and the growing importance of the city. A steam engine, power press, job press and a good assortment of job type were added to the outfit. Other improvements were in contemplation, but before being made, the office was destroyed by fire. Immediately steps to repair the loss were taken, and publication was suspended for one day. In a short time the paper appeared in an entirel3'new dress, and was pronounced by competent critics to be one of the handsomest in the state. In the fall of 1858, the proprietors purchased the lot on which the Journal building at present stands. It was at that time occupied by a two-story frame building, fifty feet deep, with a basement which was fitted out for a press room. This building was regarded at the time as ample for manj' years to come. In the spring of 1865, one section of the present commodious building was elected. It was a three-story brick, fift}- feet deep. In November, 1867, the building now in use was completed and ready for occupancy. The establishment, at the present time, is one of the largest and best arranged offices in this part of the state, comprising all the departments of newspaper work, of job and book printing and binding, each complete in itself. In addition to his duties as business manager, Mr. Thayer generally assumed much of the labor of the editorial department. In the fall of 1859, ^^''- Carlile sold his interests to James H. McNeely, who became associated with Mr. Thayer in the editorial work. Mr. Carlile had supported the candidates of the American party through 1856, and in 1858, had advocated the election of Gen. Hovey on the anti-Nebraska issue. He had given the republican party no aid or encouragement, preferring, as he said, as the least of two evils, the democratic party. With the retirement of Mr. Carlile, the new proprietors, who were, individually, republicans, in 1856, determined upon joining the fortunes of their paper with the new political organization. When Abraham Lincoln was nominated at Chicago, the yuitnial advocated his election. Throughout the memorable campaign of i860, it boldly, with great zeal, courage and ability, championed the cause of the republican candidate. It was the chief instrument in securing a signal triumph, for the vote of Vanderburgh county was given to the party whose principles it had been advocating. Shortly after Mr. Lincoln's inauguration, James H. McNeely was appointed postmaster, and thenceforth devoted all his attention to that office, leaving the editorial management of the y^///-;/.?/ in the hands of Mr. Tha3'er, where it mainly rested for more than twenty years. During the civil war period the 'Journal was unflagging in its loyalty to the Union. Despite threatened destruction and efforts to intimidate its proprietors it was true to the nation, and received the .hearty endorsement of the people among whom it circulated. In 1864 it supported Mr. Lincoln for re-election, and was one of the first papers in the country to suggest the name of Andrew Johnson for vice-president. Yet, when the latter abandoned his party, the Journal was among the first to denounce him. In July, 1866, Col. John W. Foster bought the interest of James H. McNeely, and became connected with the paper as one of its editors and proprietors. In January, 1867, Edward Tabor, who had for some time been connected with the office as book-keeper, was admitted as a partner and took the position of business manager. In 1868 Col. Foster was appointed postmaster by Gen. Grant, and in November, 1872, disposed of his interest in the office to Claude G. DeBruler, an enterprising and able editor, who for many years was associated with Mr. Thayer in the editorial control. Later, Mr. Thayer's connection with the paper was terminated; he removed to the west, and but a short time since died. Subsequent to the departure of Mr. Thayer, the death of Mr. Tabor occurred, and the paper was thus left in the possession of John H. McNeely and Claude G. DeBruler. The interest of the latter was purchased b}- James H. McNeely, who again assumed control of the editorial rooms. Since passing into the possession of the McNeely brothers the partnership has been converted into a stock company, a controlling interest in the shares of which is owned by the Messrs. McNeely. The staff of the "Journal is now as follows: James H. McNeely, editor in chief; John H. McNeely, river editor; Netter Worthington, city editor; W. W. Ross, foreman of the news room, and Edward McNeely, business manager.

This pioneer paper has maintained a high standing among the respectable journals of the state, and b}- contempories throughout this part of Indiana is quoted as authority on all political questions. Its loyalty to the republican party is unquestioned, and its clear, forcible and candid discussion of public ([uestions has contributed largel}' to republican successes throughout the district and the state. At the same time it is not unmindful of local interests and champions every proper effort to build up Evansville, endeavoring to gam for it the recognition which its importance as a city deserves. James Henderson McNeely, whose life has been so intimately connected with that of the yotirmil, to which his talents and energ}'- have been so zealously devoted, is a native of this state, born at Lawrenceburgh, July 2, 1828. His father and mother, Elisha and Catherine D. McNeelv, removed from western Pennsylvania in the early period of the settlement of Indiana. Their immediate ancestors bore an active part in the Indian troubles of their time. Two of the family names, Hamilton and Laughery, were famous in the earl}- history of Penns^'lvania and the west. Laughery creek, in southeastern Indiana, was named in honor of Col. Archibald Laughery, who, with a detachment of troops, was massacred by the Indians, near that stream, while on his way to reinforce Gen. George Rogers Clarke, in the year 1781. The primary education of Mr. McNeel}' was in the common schools, his college training in the university of the printing office. In 1846 he began to learn the typographical art in the office of the Jres/cni Republican at Lawrenceburgh, and next year went to Cincinnati, where he found employment in the ofHces of the Gazette, Commercial and other papers, until i849,_ when, on account of the prevalence of cholera, he returned to his native town. During the summer and fall of tliat year, he, with two other printers, published the Journal, the first daily in that place. He then went to Indianapolis, and spent a year in telegraphing, being engaged in the O'Reilly office, a pioneer establishment, and other pursuits, after which he entered the office of the Indi.tnafolis Journal, where he acted as local editor, proof-reader and "general utility man," until 1854. During his last year in that office he was one of five interested with the proprietor, John D. Defrees, in the profits of the estabhshment. In April of the year named, he and William S. Cameron started the Capital Book and Job printing office, the first of the kind in that city, a business which occupied him for five years, during which period he was also one of the publishers and editors of the Indiana Republican, daily and weekly, and principal editor of the C7//>f«, an evening daily. In November, 1859, he came to Evansville, of which he has now been a valued citizen for nearly thirty j-ears. After becoming an owner of the journal, he was appointed postmaster in May, 1861, was reappointed in 1865, and held the office until Mav, 1867. After selling his interest in the yoiirnal to Col. Foster, he was occupied as a real estate agent, was assignee in a number of bankruptcy cases, and in INIay, 1869, was appointed assessor of internal revenue for the First Indiana district, which office he held from the following Jul}' until May, 1873, when the office ceased by act of congress, serving the government and the public efficiently and honestly. Subsequently he was appointed and acted as superintendent of construction of the United States building at Evansville. He was married on Christmas eve, 1853, to Miss Margaret Park, of Avon, Lorain county, Ohio, and they have had four children. The onl\' son died in 1856, and one of the daughters was lost in the year following. He is a veteran Odd Fellow, having been a member since January, 185 1, and having passed all the chairs in the lodge and encampment, and served in the grand bodies of both.

The Evansville Com-ier. - The Courier, after encountering many vicissitudes in its early career, long since obtained an enduring support, and is now upon a secure basis. Before attempting to record the facts which make up its history, some mention of previous but unsuccessful efforts to maintain a democratic newspaper in Evansville may be properl}' made in this connection.

The South- Western Sentinel, edited and published by Jacob Page Chapman, was the first democratic newspaper in this city. Started in 1839, ^'-^^ publication was continued through the campaign of 1840, and went out of existence with the defeat of Martin Van Buren. Mr. Chapman, a man of ability, was afterward one of the proprietors, and for many years managing editor of the Indianapolis Sentinel. In the winter of 1847-8, H. C. Huntington began the publication of the ]'ainlerburgh Demoerat. Being vigorous and influential, it obtained a widespread weekl}- circulation, but in 1S50, because of divisions between local political leaders, it lost its prestige, and in the next year ceased to exist. Before its publication stopped, Ben Stinson, Esq., established the Evansville Advertiser, the first democratic daily in the city, with Col. C. W. Hutchen, a vigorous political writer, as editor. The paper was soon sold to Col. C. K. Drew and Calvin Frary, who changed its name to the Republican, and later transferred it to Messrs Clark & McDonald, who continued the publication about one year. They disposed of their interests to William B. Baker, under whose auspices the paper died in 1S51, again leaving the democracy of Evansville without a local organ. In the presidential campaign of the next 3ear Charles P. Baymiller and J. W. Brewer commenced the publication of a tri-weekly sheet called the Times, which was managed with some spirit until the election was over, when it ceased publication for want of support.

In 1S53 Capt. John B. Hall purchased the office of the Independent Pocket, a neutral paper, and began the publication of the Evansville Daily Enquirer. Col. Charles

Evansville Press

Denby was the first political editor of the paper, and conducted it during the stormy times of Knownothingism. Under his management the fame of the paper was widely extended. As a writer, Col. Denby was forcible and scholarly, and his productions commanded the respect of his most violent political adversaries. After six years Col. A. T. Whittlesey purchased the Enquirer., conducted it about one year, and then sold it to Capt. Nathan Willard and S. S. Whitehead. When, at the commencement of the war of the rebellion, in 1861, Capt Willard joined the federal arm}', the newspaper suspended publication, and was never revived. During the summer of 1862, John H. Scott published a small weekl}' paper called the Gazette, but it soon abandoned the poHtical field, and, for a time, was conducted as an independent newspaper, and afterward as an advertising sheet.

The political campaign of 1862 resulted in complete success for Vanderburgh county democracy, and before another general election came on, the leaders of the party were encouraged to begin the publication of a daily paper devoted to the principles upon which the recent victory had been obtained. To this end a subscription of about $4,000 was raised; the office of the Vollsblati, a German republican paper, was purchased, and Robert S. Sproule was engaged as editor. The paper was called the EvansvtUe Times, and began its existence under favorable auspices. Mr. Sproule possessed an extensive acquaintance with the leading men of Indiana, a perfect knowledge of the political history of the state, and a thorough conversance with the feelings of the democracy throughout the Union. He was assisted by Ben Stinson, an experienced and excellent business manager, and J. B. Maynard, an erudite and finished newspaper contributor, but their united efforts could not make the new venture a success. Its demise occurred soon after the election of 1864, leaving the democracv with a printing office but no newspaper. In the following winter George W. Shanklin took hold of the office, and for a few weeks conducted a sprightly little sheet called the Evansville Dispatch, which was not a success financially. It made its last appearance dressed in mourning for the martyred Lincoln.

The Evansville Daily and Weekly Courier came into, existence January 7, 1865. The printing office was held by five trustees for the benefit of the subscribers to the fund with which it was originally purchased. The trustees were Hon. John A. Reitz, Judge William F. Parrett, Hon. Thomas E. Garvin, Hon. Charles Denby and Richard Raleigh, Esq. They were empowered to make any disposition of the presses and material that would secure the establishment of a democratic newspaper in Evansville. Alfred S. Kierolf, William M. Holeman, J. B. Cavins and H. H. Homes, four practical printers, were permitted to begin the publication of a newspaper, and so faithfully did they prosecute the enterprise that in a short time they became the owners of the old Times establishment. Mr. Homes retired from the Courier very early in its career, and Mr. Cavins soon transferred his interest to S. R. Matthews, who continued but a little time as a partner. Messrs. Kierolf and Holeman formed a partnership with Albert C. Isaacs, who also soon withdrew, being speedily followed by Mr. Kierolf, who up to this time had acted as editor, leaving Mr. Holeman sole proprietor. Robert S. Sproule was then engaged to manage the editorial department. With characteristic zeal and brilliancy he entered upon the discharge of his duties, and it marked improvement was the imme- diate result. Bright expectations were indulged in, but the establishment had contracted pecuniary obligations which prevented its further publication without another change, and a sale of the concern was made to George W. Shanklin. A strong effort was made to induce the retention of Mr. Sproule as political editor, but the new proprietor had already made arrangements with W. T. Pickett, of Maysville, Ky., to do the editorial work. Mr. Pickett was not an unworthy successor to his talented predecessor. He was a fluent writer, and possessed a vast fund of information, upon which he drew with ease and skill. During his control, Mr. John Gilbert Shanklin returned from Europe, where he had spent three 3'ears as a student, and became connected with the management of the paper. In March, 1869, C. & F. Lauenstein, owners of the Evniisville Dcniokraf, purchased the Courier, and under their management it rapidh^ became valuable property. Thev bought the paper for $6,000, and after an ownership of less than five years sold it for $ 1 8, 000. When they took possession Col. A. T. Whittlesey was engaged as editor and continued in charge until late in 1872. His editorials evidenced ability, good judgment, and the positive character of his mind, and were extensiveh^ quoted. A disagreement with the proprietors on a question of policy severed his connection with the paper. In 1873 the Courier was sold to S. D. Terry & Co., who, in March, 1874, transferred it to Messrs. J. G. «& G. W. Shanklin. In December, 1876, the property passed into the possession of its present owner, Mr. J. S. Reilly, an experienced and able business manager, and has since been published under the name of the Courier company. The Messrs. Shanklin have remained in chargre of the editorial department since 1874.

Hon. J. G. Shanklin was elected in 1878 as secretary of state, receiving the largest majority ever given up to that time to any candidate for that important office, and during the two years of his official life resided at the state capital. A few years later Mr. G. W. Shanklin resided in the east for one year, being the Washington correspondent of the Cincinnati JVezvs, and managing editor of that paper during one of the Ohio state campaigns. Notwithstanding these temporary absences the editorial columns of the Courier have remained under their supervision during the past fourteen years. Their able, dignified, and forcible treatment of all political questions, has made the Courier one of the leading democratic papers in the west. Being a sound exponent and true champion of democratic principles, it is extensively quoted as authority by contemporary journals. Its influence is deservedly great, ever}' department being conducted with candor, dignified manliness, and good judgment. For the past six years the paper has been widely noted' as a steadfast adherent to President Cleveland. On the morning following his election as governor of New York it named him as its choice for the democratic presidential nomination of 1884. After his inauguration as president, it was the first paper of note to endorse his administration; and even while such papers as the Indianapolis Sentinel and others of equal prominence were opposing his policy, it ably defended and supported him. It was the first of the leading papers of the country to name him for a second term, and throughout the campaign of 1888 gave him a most cordial support, its editors discussing with great ability and clearness the abstruse questions of the times. The paper is earnestly devoted to the interests of Evansville, and while it fearlessly wages war upon every scheme to unjusth' enrich the few at the cost of the many, its friendly aid is extended to eveiy effort designed to advance the pubHc good. Progressive, and always advocating improvement, it has been for some time a most influential instrument in building up the city.

The Public, an afternoon daily, was established March i8, 1885. It is owned and published b_v the Courier company, and is marked by the enterprising spirit which characterizes the Courier.

The Evansville Detnokrat. - The leading German democratic paper in the lower Ohio valley, and the onl\- German democratic daily paper in the state of Indiana, is the Evansz'ille Demokrat. It was established in 1864, by Peter Maier, Esq., now a prominent and well-known attorney at law, who conducted it successfull}' until 1866, when he sold out to Peter Gfroerer. In March, 1867, Messrs. C. & F. Lauenstein purchased the Demokrat, and for six years conducted it with spirit and ability, placing it on a firm and paying basis, and commanding a broad influence with the large German population of this section, numbering many of its most intelligent citizens among their firm and unflinching adherents. In October, 1873, Dr. Charles Lauenstein disposed of his interest to his brother, Mr. Frederick Lauenstein, and left the city of Evansville for a three years' sojourn in Germany, the land of his birth. Mr. F. Lauenstein, by strict energy and an eye to business, determined to enlarge and improve his journal; and having secured neat and convenient quarters at No. 306 Upper Second street, increased his facilities and re-entered the lists for popular favor. In the month of October, 1876, Dr. Charles Lauenstein returned from Europe, and re-entered into co-partnership with his brother, taking charge of the editorial columns, and both continuing the publication of the Demokrat until the demise of Dr.

Charles Lauenstein, which occurred on the i6th day of July, 1879, at the age of fortytwo years. Mr. Fred Lauenstein then resumed the publication of the Demokrat alone, having bought out the interest of his late brother. From January, 18S3, to July, 1884, Herman Determan and Hans Scheller possessed interests in the paper, which were disposed of to Mr. F. Lauenstein, who has since conducted the paper under the firm name of F. Lauenstein & Co. The Demokrat is published daily and weekl}-. The weekly, containing fifty-six columns, claims to be one of the best German family newspapers printed in the west. Mr. Lorenz Rohr, an editor of acknowledged ability and sagacity, is now the chief editor of the Demokrat. The staff is further composed of the following able gentlemen: Mr. Hans Scheller, assistant editor; Mr. Gustav Schauer, city editor; Mr. Wilhelm Keilman, telegraphic editor, and Mr. F. A. Grunder, solicitor and traveling agent. Mr. Lauenstein, the proprietor, came from Hanover, German}-, his native place, in 1866, and for a time traveled in the interests of the Demokrat. His first newspaper connection was with this paper. His abilities have been proved by the wonderful success, which, under his management, the paper has achieved.

The Evening Tribune. - On the nth day of October, 1873, W. T. King established the Evening Herald, the first afternoon daily newspaper published in Evansville. Its publication was commenced at a most inauspicious time, and its existence was of short duration. Its successor as a vender of afternoon news was the Tribune, established October 15, 1877, by Frank J. Ryan and Jacob Covert. By wise management this new venture soon won its way into popular favor and obtained a good circulation. Reverses, however, came and for a time it appeared that the paper would be unable to survive disaster. In October, 1 88 1, its financial condition was somewhat strengthened by the accession to the partnership of Percy P. Jones. Pleasant relations between the members of the new firm were not long preserved. Messrs. Ryan and Covert soon withdrew and began in April, 18S3, the publication of a paper which they called T/ic A'^ezvs. The rivalry between these two evening papers was spirited, and for a time the j"\>:f'5 threatened the existence of the Tribune. This state of affairs persuaded Mr. Jones to purchase the News, which he did, merging the two papers and continuing the publication of the Tribune.

March 5, 1886, the Tribune passed into the hands of its present owner and managing editor, Mr. Frank M. Gilbert, who about the same time discontinued the publication of the Saturday Evening Argus, a weekly paper, which had rapidly worked its way into popular favor. The Argus was started by Thomas Collins, of Mt. Vernon, Ind., in November, 1879, '^"'^ early in the next )-ear was purchased by Mr. Gilbert and Hon. J. J. Kleiner. Mr. Gilbert was then a newspaper man of long experience, and had gained a wide-spread reputation as a humorous writer. The paper was conducted as a society journal, independent in all things, strikingh" original and full of bright and interesting matter. Unfortunately Mr. Gilbert was stricken down with pneumonia on the very day he took charge of the Tribune, and for ten weeks was unable to give it any personal attention. During his convalescence he was absent on a trip of recreation, which extended through the summer. Mr. A. J. Miller had been chosen as chief editor of the paper. The selection proved to be a good one. He possessed no experience in journalism, but his efforts gave to the paper a phenomena growth, by which, in a short time, it reached a standard of subscription which closely approached that of the present time. His racy pen attracted much attention to its columns and it soon wielded an enviable influence. The efficient management and able work of the proprietor, the chief editor and their assistants, have continued the growth of the paper in public favor, until now its circulation is exceeded b\' that of no paper in the city. It has been ably edited in all its departments, and has deserved the high degree of success attained. It is a progressive, wide awake journal, and keeps its readers well informed on all topics of general and local news. It deals boldly and fearlessly with all public measures, and allows itself to be influenced by no unworthy motives. In religion and politics it has generally stood on neutral ground, but throughout the campaign of 1888 it worked with great ability for the re-election of President Cleveland. It now occupies commodious quarters on First street, above Main. Its present staff is composed of the following gentlemen: F. M. Gilbert, proprietor and manager; A. J. Miller, editor; Charles G. Covert, city editor, and G. W. Dannettell, river editor and solicitor.

Frank M. Gilbert was born at Mobile, Ala., July I, 1846. With his parents, Samuel E. and Cordeha (Manson) Gilbert, he came to Evansville in 1852. He has resided in this city most of the time since that date, and consequently enjoys an extensive acquaintance. His education was obtained in the public schools, where he was graduated when sixteen years of age. He then became a traveling salesman and gave nine years of his life to that vocation. While "on the road " the natural vein of humor with which he was endowed was a constant source of entertainment to his friends and associates. Its development, no doubt, was largely due to his associations, for the " drummer," the world over, is recognized as the personification of wit. He began writing humor for the Saturday Herald, of this cit}', in 1874, and three years later was employed as river editor on the Courier. Following the advice of Greel}', he went west in 1877, during the excitement attending the rich mineral discoveries in Colorado, and did city work on the Leadville Chronicle, Denver Tribune and Rocky Mountain News. Returning to tlie east in the next year, he established the Evansville Argus, and soon had his paper in high repute. His varied accomplishments gave it a wide circulation, but it was chiefly as a humorist that his work was admired and appreciated. He had entered a new field in this part of the state, and occupied it well. Everywhere the bright paragraphs in his paper were quoted and commented upon until _ his reputation was widely extended. His genius was acknowledged bv the famous humorists of the countr}'. Thev recognized him as belonging to their species of the genus homo. They welcomed him among them, and he became one of the "club of 13", with Bill Nye, George Peck, Bob Burdette, George Salisbury and others. Besides his work on the Argus, he wrote a humorous book and composed many poems, which exhibited the brillianc)' of his intellect and the richness of his wit. March 3, 1885, he purchased the ^zr«/;/o- Tribune, and since that time has been its proprietor and managing editor, and displa\'ed unusual ability as a business manager. The social qualities of Mr. Gilbert have been sucli as might be expected in one who has gained so enviable a position as a literary worker. lie has been a delightful companion aUvavs, interesting in conversation, quick in thought, droll in expression, generous-hearted and sympathetic. Fond of his gun and his dogs, he has spent much time in the woods and on the prairies, and is a recognized leader in all manly sports and exercises. Scarcely an organization for the advancement of social, dramatic, athletic or humane interests, has been formed without seeking his aid, and finding in him a cheerful and ever-ready assistant. He is a member of Ben Hur lodge, and a major in the uniform rank, K. of P. He is past master of the A. O. U. W., and a Knight of Honor. Pie is now game warden First district of Indiana; was the first president of the Southern Indiana Poultr}' association; first president of the Evansville gun club, and first president of the humane society, and has had numberless connections with social, operatic, base-ball and other organizations. In October, 1880, he was married to Miss Annie Hudspeth, an accomplished and estimable lady, daughter of J. M. Hudspeth, formerly of Boonville, Ind.

Andrew James Miller was born at La Grange, Troup county, Ga., September 4, 1854, of Scotch-Irish parents, his father being one of the "pioneer settlers of his native country, and prominently identified with its development. He received a common school education in his native city, completing a collegiate course at the University of Georgia, at Athens, in 1874. The following year he was appointed clerk of the court of ordinary (probate) of his native county, serving in that capacit}' about two years, when he was selected by a company of Atlanta gentlemen to go upon a mission to Central and South America. From February, 1877, to July, 1878, he was employed upon this task, visiting, in the meantime, the capitals of the five republics of Central America, also Panama, Colombia, Equador, Peru and Chili. The result of his observations in these equatorial countries was sub- sequently published in a pamphlet entitled " Life in the Tropics," and again revised and published, in serial form, in the United States Magazine. Mr. Miller reiurned to the states and entered the employ of the mercantile agency of R. G. Dun Sn Co., at Atlanta, and in May, 1880, was appointed to the management of the branch of that company in Evansville. He resigned this post in 1882, to go into the manufacturing business, but the following year was induced to accept again the management of one of Dun & Co.'s branches at Minneapolis, Minn. In March, 1886, when the Evening Tribune passed into the hands of its present management, he was tendered and accepted the editorship, which position he has since occupied. Mr. Miller's parents were Thomas C. and Elizabeth B. (Ashford) Miller, natives of Belfast, Ireland, and Ayr, Scotland, respectively, the father born in 1814 and the mother in 1828. Both died at La Grange, Ga., the former when si.xty-two years of age, the latter at the age of fift3--seven j^ears. October 5, 1881, Mr. Miller was united in marriage to Miss Ella Stephens, a native of Evansville, born June 27, i860, and daughter of Robert E. and Mary (Trible) Stephens. Her grandfather was Judge Silas Stephens, and her great grandfather. Gen. Robert M. Evans, both historical characters in southwestern Indiana.

The Evansville Bulletin was established as a weeklj' newspaper in 1S80, by Charles F. Gould, who, in its management, has shown himself an energetic and accomplished journalist. In 1S84 it began to be issued daily, and has since maintained a creditable position among the afternoon dailies of the city. In the political campaign of the latter year, the Bulletin gave a cordial support to Blaine and Logan, and has since been a valuable exponent of republican principles. Its circulation is particularly large among the working people, of whose interests it is a sturdy and notable champion. It is a ready and influential defender of the working classes against the oppressions of monopolies, trusts, and all wrongful combinations. On the liquor question it has always taken liberal grounds and has opposed unreasonable measures. Charles F. Gould, editor and publisher of the Bulletin, was born in the city of London, in 1847, and came to Evansville from his native country in 1871. He fitted himself for the practice of the law, and a few vears later was admitted to the bar. Durinrr his residence here he has been occupied both as a lawyer and as an editor.

The Indiana Post, a German weekly independent republican newspaper, was established April 27, 1879, by Ernst Wilkom, its present editor and proprietor. The paper is the official organ of the Saengerbund glee clubs of the state of Indiana. Its circulation verified is 1,600. It goes to the homes and business houses of all classes of citizens, being in political, scientific, social and religious matters, liberal and progressive, clinging blindly to no party, school or sect. During its existence five papers have been started in opposition to this journal, but one by one they have gone down. Mr. Wilkom, the sole proprietor and editor, was born at Prague, Bohemia, in 1832, and came to America when twenty jears old. Stopping for a time in New York, he at length removed to St. Louis, where he acted as editor of the Westlichc Post a.nd l^olksblatt oiihaX cit}'. Coming to Evansville he did editorial work on the Union until his own paper was established. In politics he has always been a republican, and as an editor and orator has rendered that party efficient aid.

Paine. The paper was designed to satisfy the demand for a local and society journal, devoting especial attention to matters of interest to the members of secret orders. Its literary contributions have been of a high order, the best writers in the city (particularly among the ladies) furnishing material for its columns. Its circulation grew rapidly from the outset and is now (juite extensive. The venture was shown to be profitable even sooner than was anticipated by its projectors, clearing expenses and pa3'ing a profit in the third week of its existence. It has taken a high rank among papers of its kind and receives a cordial support from the public. Mr. Herr was formerly known to citizens of this city through his connection with the Daily yournal. After an absence of twelve or fifteen j-ears in Chicago, 111., where he was connected with the editorial department of the yournal of that city, he returned to this place for the purpose of establishingf the Call. Because of ill health, he was forced to dispose of his interests and return to the north. The paper is now the property of W. C. Paine and C. V. Worthington, and is published weekly at the establishment of the Keller Printing company, mcorporated. Messrs. Paine & Worthington are progressive, able and enterprising newspaper men. Of the Keller Printing Co., Capt. W. H. Keller, who came to this city from Wayne county about fifteen years ago, is the president, and Capt. C. H. McCarer, one of the most prominent and best known )-oung men in the cit}', is secretary and treasurer.

The Advance, published by the Y. M. C. A. for the promotion of the association interests, has a circulation of i,ooo copies, and is now in the third volume of its publication. It is ably edited, and does valuable work.

Indiana A. O. U. W'^. /P^cor^CT', published monthly by George E. Clarke, editor and publisher, for the diffusion of the principles of the A. O. U. W., and the extension of the order, has a large circulation in fraternal circles. It was established in May, 18S3, and has proved a successful venture. The Labor Advocate is also published by Mr. Clarke, and has a fair circulation.

In the past many papers have come into existence to serve various purposes, and after a time have ceased pubhcation. Most of these hav^ been mentioned in connection with the papers still existing, while others of less importance are passed without a particular notice. The population of Evansville is made up of such widely differing classes that a newspaper cannot have the extensive support which might be obtained under more favorable circumstances. The expenditures of a newspaper conducted on business principles must be governed by the amount of its patronage. For these reasons the triumphs achieved in journalism by the metropolitan dailies elsewhere can hardly be expected here. Therefore, while it is not intended to accord to any paper or enterprise a higher standing than it has actually attained, nevertheless justice demands the statement that the newspapers of this city equal, in their enterprising spirit and skill of management, those of any other place of equal size and with Hke conditions. On the whole, the news offices are ably and intelligently conducted, and those connected with this class of work are among the most affable and courteous gentlemen to be found in the cit}-.