Vanderburgh County, Indiana - Chapter 19: Churches, 1897 (part 1 of 2)

Chapter 19: Churches

The Churches - A Complete History of All the Churches of the City - The Protestant Churches - The Catholic Churches - The Jewish Congregations - Th e Sp iritualists.

It is perhaps uot too old an idea to say that churches have an incalculable influence on communities for good. They shajje and soften the character of man, and restrain him from evil-doing and brutishness. A country without a church, or churehly precepts and doctrines, would He in a worse condition than Hale's man without a country - it would be a people without a God. And history demonstrates what godless people finally come to - heathenism.

Pastors are men of different types of intellect and culture, as well as of varying social qualities. They have been moulders of sentiment and examples of manly worth. Their own individual force has been working continually for good. Their daily lives have always directed others to cleaner and better ideals, and their teaching has ever been bread "cast upon the waters."

The churches of the city to-day, in most cases, have comfortable, if not magnificent, Zious in which to worship "the unknown 'God" of whom Paul spoke to the Athenians. They are prosperous and have many auxiliary organizations doing good work, such as aid societies, Epworth leagues, unions and the like. The denominations are now more disposed to union than to controversy and contention, as in the days of debate and disputes. They are struggling to save souls rather than doctrines.

Trinity M. E. Church

As I learn from history and tradition, the Methodist Episcopal was the second organized church in Evansville, and out of it grew the present Trinity church. Rev. Robert Parrett, a local preacher who emigrated from England to this country in 1816, and died in this city

January 29, 1860, established the " Evausville class" in 1825. This was the first organization of the Methodist church in this place, and the second religious society.

The members of this class were: Rev. Robert Parrett, Martha Parrett, Edw. Hopkins, Mary Hopkins, Jane Lewis, Abraham P. Hutchinson, Olive Hutchinson, Arthur Me Johnston, Mary McJohnston, Hannah Robinson, Jane Warner, Mrs. Seaman. Abraliam P.Hutchinson was appointed class leader. Previous to the organization of this class, Evansville and its vicinity were frequently visited by members of the " circuit." The first minister appointed to the circuit, embracing what is now Evansville, was Rev. Benjamin Edge, of the western conference, in 1811. This locality was included in the " Patoka circuit," and was one of the seven pastorates in the Wabash district under the superintendence of Rev. James Axley, presiding elder. The succeeding minister of the Patoka circuit was Rev. John Smith, 1811; Rev. Peter Cartwright was presiding elder in 1812. He was distinguished alike for his eccentricity and effectiveness, being a muscular christian, he frequently descended from the pulpit and quieted disturbances without consulting the arm of the law.

The list of ministers is as follows: Rev. James Porter, 1813; Rev. John Schripps, presiding elder, 1814; Rev. Thomas King, 1815; Rev. Daniel McHenry and Rev. Thomas Davis, 1816; Rev. Samuel Thompson and Rev. Thomas Davis, 1817 ; Rev. John Wallace and Rev. Daniel McHenry, 1818; Rev. John Wallace, 1819; Rev. Elias Stone, 1820; Rev. James L.Thompson, 1821; Rev. Ebenezer Z. Webster, presiding elder, 1822; Rev. William Medford and Rev. William Beauchamps, presiding elder, 1823.

Rev. Joseph Wheeler, an old and prominent resident of the Blue Grass region of this county, preached as a "local minister" for a large portion of this period. He emigrated from England in 1819, and died in July, 1864, leaving several children, who afterwards obtained positions of prominence in the community. The oldest of this family was Mrs. Elizabeth Thompson, residing at Washington, Ind., at the time of her demise, in December, 1896; the next Joseph Wheeler, one of the leading merchants of his time ; the third was Mrs. Daniel S. Lane, wife of a prominent physician ; the fourth is Mrs. A. A. Goslee, who is now living in this city ; the fifth is Mv. E. E. Wheeler, Esq., of this city; the sixth was Mrs. J. P. Elliott, wife of the author. She was but thirty-seven years of age at the time of her death. She left several children, E. P. Elliott, Mary Louise, now Mrs. Oakley ; Joseph B'. Elliott, who died about nine years ago, and John D. Elliott, still

Richard Hargrave filled out an unexpired term in Evau.sville in the years 1823 and 1824. In 1825 two ministers, William H. Smith and George Randall, visited the society alternately once in four weeks.

The Methodi.st Episcopal Sunday school, now known as Trinity, was organized by Dr. Wm. M. Elliott and others in the spring of 1837, and these are the officers of this school up to the present date : Superintendents - Wm. M. Elliott, John Ingle, Jr., Wm. T. Iglehart, John F. Glovei-, F. M. Thayer, Charles E. Scoville, Wm. B. Jaquess, A. W. Emery, J. W. Barbour, M. N. Ross, F. M Barbour. Present officers - F. M. Barbour, superintendent; Mrs Wm. H. Woods, assistant superintendent; Elmer E. Miller, secretary and treasurer; Miss Ella Williams, assistant secretary and treasuiy ; Prof. W. A. Hester, chorister ; Mrs. George Daum, pianist ; Will McMasters, librarian; Wm. Heilman, assistant librarian. Primary department - S. N. Curnick, superintendent ; Miss Carrie Curnick, assistant superintendent; Miss Maud Abbott, pianist. Kindei'garten department - Mrs Fannie Guthrie, superintendent ; Mrs. Will Foster, assistant superintendent. At Home Class department - Mrs. Trimble, super- intendent. Executive committee - Rev. C. E. Bacon, Wm. Allen Charles E. Seoville, C. A. DeBruler and Mrs. W. V. Iglehart. Average attendance for the year, 325. Total number enrolled, officers, teachers, scholars and orchestra, 575. Number of teachers now enrolled, 30. There is an orchestra of eighteen pieces under the leadership of Prof. Mathias.

The jubilee of this Sunday school, .so hai)pily prosperoue, was celebrated in commemoration of its fiftieth anniversary on May 8, 1887. It was a memorable occasion, and one to give cause for great gratitude to God.

The Ingle Street M. E. Church

In the year 1849 some Christian people started a mission Sunday school, under the leadership of a local preacher by the name of J P. Lindeman, a painter by trade. They worshipped in a little brick house which at that time was at the head of Main street, known as Pennsylvania and Main streets. This school was the beginning of what afterwards became the Ingle Street M. E. church In the year 1850 it was thought advisable to call for a preacher. A minister by the name of Daniel Cloud first came in response to the call; but from some unknown cause he remained but a short time. In the {all of 1850 Rev. Mr. Green was sent to take charge of the work. The pastors, in their order of succession, have been Rev. W. McK. Hester, W. F. Mason, J. H. Ketcham, J. J. Hight, M. McHobbs, Jesse Walker, L. M. Walters, A. Turner, Hayden Hays, J. B Likely, James Hill, J. H. Clippenger, William E Davis, J. W. Webb, E. Hawes, J. A Scammahorn, William Telfer, J. V. R. Miller, John Walk, Morris E. Woods, C. E. Asbury, G. D. Wolff, D. Davis and Samuel Reid, the present pastor, who completes the list from 1850 to 1897. During the past years the church has been much improved and beautified at a cost of about $3,000. It is Gothic in style, the main auditorium being forty by seventy feet in size, and seating 250 people comfortably. In the rear a prayer-meeting room will seat 100 people The membership is about 400. The present trustees are: Wm. Warren, Wm. Shaw, Joseph Herron, Syd. Curuick, Dr. W. S. Pritchard, and C. D. Eves.

The Sabbath school, under the leadership of E. Q. Lockyear, superintendent, is enjoying a great success. The school meets every Sunday afternoon at 2 o'clock, with an average attendance of 175. The Epworth League was organized May 20, 1889, having twenty-five charter members. It has been constantly increasing, until at present there are fifty names enrolled. The presiding officers are as follows : President, Ida Craiger; first vice president, Lula Davidson; second vice president, Ella Inwood; third vice president, Letitia Miller; fourth vice president, Addie Pickhardt; secretary, Isabella Pickhardt; treasurer, Emma Scheller. The first president of the league was George L. Daum, Jr., and following him came John Zeigler, Aaron Skinner, Harmon Heim, Genevieve Negley and Letitia Miller. The league is known as M. S. Woods Chapter No. 377. The Junior league was organized in May, 1892, with a membership of forty-two.

The Ingle Street M. E. church is one of the oldest in Evansville Much good work has resulted from the earnest labor of the members. Great interest is always taken in the revival meetings of this church. Many of the leading workers in the different churches of the city were converted and trained here, and a number of them have entered the ministry. In fact, it may be called a veritable nursery, where beautiful plants and trees are nurtured and tended. Later they are transplanted in the gardens, where they cast fragrance and goodness around them.

Kingsley Methodist Episcopal Church

This Methodist church has grown out of the missionary work of Trinity. An organization was effected in 1868, at the corner of Governor street and Lincoln avenue, in a place that had once been a barroom, and in 1869 a church house was dedicated by Rev. Reuben Andrus, D. D. It was located at the corner of Eighth and Gum streets. Previous to this date the class worshipped in Rev. McJohnson's wareroom at the corner of Eighth and Canal streets, and the people were, for about a year, spiritually guided by Rev. Edwin Mc- Johnson, a local preacher. Rev. John Pouoher was next in charge of the church for two years; then Rev. Francis Walker for one year; and later W. W. Rundell for two yeai's. Rev. R. B. Martin began his pastorate in 1874 The following pastors have ministered unto this congregation in the order here given : Rev. James Dixon, Rev W. H. Grim, Rev. J. W. McCormick, Rev. I. N. Thompson, Rev. M. S. Heavenridge, Rev. John W. Payne, Rev. Samuel Reed, Rev. G. W. Fansler, Rev. L. F. Dimmitt, Rev. C. E. Hargrave, Rev. Wm. Telfer, Rev. S. N. King, and Rev. H. J. Black, the present pastor. The membership is 225. The Sunday school is meeting with success. All the aid societies are zealous and useful. The building was remodeled, enlarged, refurnisbed, and in every way improved - built anew, it might trutblully be said - in 1895, and dedicated in December, 1895. The Senior and Junior Epworth leagues are energetic and prosperous. The present trustees are : Henry Earl, J. W. Buttriss, E. H. Stevens, J. P. Walker and G. Shellhouse.

Simpson Methodist Episcopal Church

Simpson Methodist Episcopal church, located at the corner of Illinois street and Eleventh avenue, belongs to the Evansville district of the Indiana conference. It is the most aggressive church in the western part of the city, and wields a great influence for Christianity and good citizenship. Numerous societies are organized in connection with the church, all tending to advance the interests of the Master.

In the conference of 1859, Rev. E. H. Sabin was appointed missionary to Evansville, where he organized the first quarterly conference of this charge, aud selected a site for a church on Pennsylvania street, between Eighth and Ninth avenues. A beautiful little brick church was constructed there. The Pennsylvania street church was a moral power in that part of Evansville known as Independence. The building was completed in February, 1861. The following pastors have served this church : E. H. Sabin, E. Hawes, H. B. Cassovant, J. Waring aud John W. Webb; 1864-5, Miles Woods ; 1868, J. H. Maddox; 1869, J. Poucher; 1870, O. M. Smith; 1871, W. E. Robbins and F. Cooper; 1862-3, J. W. Culmer; 1874, L. S. Knotts, 1875, J. Dixon; 1876, H. J. Barr; 1877, J. B. Holloway ; 1878-80, Wm. Telfer; 1881, S. O. Dorsey; 1882, J. F. McGregor; 1883, G. C. Cooper, and George E. Piatt, 1884. This constitutes the list of pastors who served in the Pennsylvania street church. On March 20, 1882, two lots were purchased on the corner of Illinois street and Eleventh avenue, as a site for a new church. In 1884, during the pastorate of George E. Piatt, the present edifice was built, and was called Simpson chapel in honor of Bishop Simpson, Indiana's beloved native bishop. It was dedicated by Bishop Bowman. The following pastors have served in the new church : In 1885, Wm. E. Davis was appointed to this work, but he was soon after called by the Master from his labors here to his reward in heaven. The unexpired year was very acceptably filled out by Paul C. Curnick. The following pastors have since served in this congregation: 1886, Wm. S. Biddle ; 1887, J. B. J. Smith; 1888-89, Thomas P. Walter; 1890, J. H. Games;

1891-3, Joseph Rawlins. In September, 1894, the present pastor, F. A. Steele, was appointed to the work by Bishop Hurst, and is now serving his third year in this charge. He served two years at Stewartsville, in Posey county, before coming to Simpson. Center Ridge appointment, near Locust Hill cemetery, is also connected with Simpson. This is a thriving country charge and is in a very prosperous condition. Their church, a beautiful structure of brick, was dedicated under the pastorate of Joseph Rawlins, by Rev. C. E. Bacon, then pastor of Trinity M. E. church. The trustees are : Moses Stinchfield, Ed. J. Billj George L. Curnick, Wash Stinchfield, Alex. Brown, Jay N. Utiey and Chas. A. McGrew.

Free Methodists

Like Minerva, out of the head of Jove, the Free Methodist congregation in this city, sprang out of Kingsley Methodist church. The head and front of this denomination was Rev. J. W. Vickery. The organization of the class was effected in 1871, with a membership of twelve, by Rev. Septer Roberts. The original members were : Jesse Sehofield and wife, Richard Mansell and wife. Ben Cash and wife, J.

others. A frame building was erected at the corner of Walnut and Govei'nor streets in 1872 For a time no regular pastor served the congregation, but in 1873 Rev. B. R. Jones was put in charge in the regular manner. He is now a bishop in the church. Rev. George Windust became connected with the congregation iu a pastoral way in 1875. He was succeeded the next year by Rev. John A.Wilson, who remained two years as their spiritual advisor. Rev. T. W. Thornburg also preached to the class, and he was succeeded by Rev. A. F. Neiswanger. Revs. John Hardin, M. C. Belem and J. Lewis acted as pastors. Rev. E. E. Jenkins, the present pastor in charge, is serving his third year.

The present membership is about twenty. The trustees at present are Lewis Habenicht, James Richie and J. W. Vickery. There is an official board to transact the business of the church. Rev. J. W. Vickery, who received a ministerial license some time after the organization of the class, is a local preacher of much zeal and faithfulness.

First German M. E. Church

This denomination was first organized in 1842. They built a house of worship four years later at a cost of nearly $1,300, which was located at the corner of Vine and Fourtli streets. Twenty-two years later this was replaced by a brick church at a cost of about $35,000. There is at present a membership of 300. The list ot charter members is as follows : Christ Wyttenbach, Charles Keller, Henry Schwarz, Andrew Eoth, J. Kerth, William M. Elliott, Joseph Muth, Joseph Dell, John Ingle, Jr., Joseph Kappler, David Inman and Conrad Herschelman. The present board of trustees consists of the following members : Geo. Herth, Ph. Jourdan, Ad. Hoelscher, Frank ^yeil, Frank Tosettle, C. F. Schneider, George Roesner, Herman Brandt and John Miller. There is also a chapel or mission cennected with this church. It is situated at the corner of Read and Delaware streets. Rev. J. F. Severinghaus is serving both congregations at present.

These pastors who have served the charge are : Peter Schumacher, H. Koeneke, M. Mulfinger, John Hoppen, Christian Wyttenback, Fr. Heller, John Bier, Charles Schelper, Henry Lich, Fr. Becker, John Reimer, John Hoppen, G. A. Brounig, John H. Lukemeyer, John Reimer, Gottloeb Trefz, P. F. Schneider, Fr. Schimmelpfennig, C Bozenhard, John C. Weidmau, John W. Roecker, G. Nachtrieb, J. H. Lich, E. F. "VVunderlich, George Schwinn, and J. F. Severinghaus, who is the present pastor.

German Lutheran Trinity Church

The German Evangelical Lutheran Trinity church, located (m Illinois street between Third and Fourth avenues, was organized January 17, 1841. The present membership is 813. The charter members were George Bippus, G. A. Beyer, John LTmbaugh, Phil Raub, AVra. Lauer, Gottleib Bippus, Phil. Decker, Conrad !Muth, Louis_Geiger, Wilhelm Erdman, Fred Wetzel, Jacob Beyer, Jacob Reise, John Rupp, Daniel Brode, John Gerhardt, G. A. ^lyer, C. Vollmann, Jacob Sinzich, Phil. Rausch, Leonhardt Reinhart, George Wallcnmire, Bcrrh Bolich, Fred Kroener and John Eichele. The pastor is Rev. C. A. Frank. The elders are H. Becker and H. Ide. The trustees are Fr. Reiclimann and II. Haltnumn. The deacons are Max. Ritter and

Rev. A. Saupert officiated for a period of forty -seven years. The church has its own school, parsonage and cemetei-y, and is, altogether, self-sustaining. Its government is congregational throughout. They built the house they are now occupying in the year 1871, at a cost of about $25,000.

Salem Methodist Church

The Salem German Methodist congregation in liuuijscherville. Center township, is one of the oldest in Southern Indiana. As early as 1845 the pioneer jireachers of German Methodism took up an appointment there. A class was organized soon afterwards, and in 1849 the first church was erected. George Wahl, Hartman Miller, George Kertt, Henry Moll, Jac. Gottschalk, Henry Mind, Christ Laubscher and Christ Swahlen were charter members. The congregation prospered, and in 1859 it was found advisable to dispose of the iirst church by sale, and to erect a larger frame sanctuary. In 1888 the congregation again resolved to improve, and they erected a fine brick church with stone trimmings, slate roof, steeple, bell and other modern an-angements, which reflect honor on the community, when it is remembered that all the church property was acquired without outside aid. At present the congregation numbers 109 members. It has doubtless been a powerful factor in shaping the morals and sentiments of the community. The following pastors have served the congregation : Revs. Schumacher, Mulfinger, Wyttenbach, Heller, Edler, J. Bier, Heitmeyer, Schwimly, Becker, Hoppen, Fuss, Breunig, Hans, George, Richemeier, Reiber, Bertram, Allingcr, Ploch, Knster, Speckman, Bockstahler, Miller, Kaletch, Weigle and Roller. J. C. Gunther is the pastor at present.

Walnut Street Presbyterian Church

Subject to all the peculiar privations of primitive times, and developing gradually through those untoward circumstances. Walnut Street Presbyterian church stands to-day a monument to the devotion and unsevering purpose of its founders and "early fathers." It was the first religious organization of Evansville, and dates its beginning back to the year 1821, only two years after the incorporation of the town. Rev. D. C. Banks, who was pastor of a Presbyterian church in Henderson, Ky., was the leader in the work of effecting the organization of this congregation.

The membership began with but twelve persons, all of whom have long since passed to their rest. Their names were as follows: Daniel Chute, James R. E. Goodiett, Abigail Fairchild, Mrs. Julia Ann Langley, formerly Mrs. Elisha Harrison, a sister of Mr. Abigail Fairchild, William Olmstead, Rebecca Wood, Mrs. Chandler, afterward Mrs. Cutler, Mr. Butler, Mrs. Smith, Eli Sherwood, Elizabeth Sherwood and Mary O. Warner. The first elders were Daniel Chute and Judge J. R. E. Goodiett. As there was no definite place of worship or regular times for service, the growth of the church was slow, as might be expected. For more than ten years there was no church building - no "home" for the few devout ones - in which to worship God according to the dictates of their consciences, and they assembled occasionally in private houses. Sometimes they held services in an old log school house, on the lower side of Locust street, between First and Second; sometimes they met in a .small log house located on First .street between Oak and Mulberry, afterward used as a Baptist church; sometimes they met, as did other church assemblies, in an old brick court house, corner Main and Third streets. This building was painted green, possessed no floor and was fitted with "puncheon" seats. It was a rendezvous throughout the week for sheep and other animals which entered through the open doors for the cooling shade or for shelter from the inhospitable weather. During cold weather the fire in the wide-mouthed fire-place in the wall .sent its tear-exciting smoke throughout the audience as much as up through its wind-roaring chimney. The tears then were not all tears of repentance. The upper part of this primeval court-house was afterward fitted up for Episcopalian services. Profane and desecrating as it may seem now to the Christian accustomed to worship in a temple consecrated to the service in those days, in this same place of worship fairs and shows, and conjurers gave a gaping public their humbuggery.

Rev. Calvin Butler, on removing from Princeton, Ind., to Evansvillc, first undertook to build .a "meeting house." At that time, 1831, the population of Evansville was about three hundred, and all were in close circumstances, so that it was a difficult undertaking to con- .sttuct even a rude place of worship. The members whose enterprise was manifested in their resolution to build a church were: Hon. Wm. Olmsted, Messrs. John Shanklin, Alanson Warner, Luke Wood and Amos Clark.

"The undersigned, being desirous to have a Presbyterian meeting house in Evausville and its vicinity, promise to pay the sums severally annexed to our names, to trustees hereafter to be appointed by the subscribers. Said house to be 30x50 feet, of brick, with its walls 18 feet in heighth; to have eight windows with forty lights each of glass 10x12 inches; with two doors and a floor jointed, not planed, and a good roof."

Names. , Amount. Names. Amount

On the 23d of April - three days afterward - a meeting of these subscribers was held at the house of Alanson Warner, and there they chose as trustees Amos Clark, Alanson Warner and Wm. 01m.sted. This action of the subscribers is fully attested by David Negley, chairman, and James Lewis, secretary. All the people named in this document are now dead.

Knowing that Rev. Mr. Butler proposed making a visit east, the newly appointed trustees commissioned him to solicit help for the proposed building while away. This pathetic appeal for aid is still preserved. From it the information is gained that the building as designed is not to cost more than from $1,200 to $1,500. The commission said: "During the fall, winter and spring, owing to the uncertain and uncomfortable place of meeting, it may emphatically be said, that the cause of Zion mourns, because few attend her solemn feasts." Mr. Butler secured a fund ot $300 from his eastern friends. The title bond, given by John B. Stinson, a Baptist preacher, shows that the lot for the new church cost $100.

The contract with tlie masons is dated January 14, 1832, and the contract with the carpenter bears the date of April 17, 1832. Barney Cody gave the trustees a receipt, which shows he conveyed a kiln of brick, containing about 65,000, for $167,625. The new building, finished in 1832, was located on the lot on the east corner of main and Second streets, on what was called "the hill," and cost about $1,300, which was then considered a large sum to expend on one building. It was of modest dimensions, being only 30x50 feet. From Mrs. Mary F. Reilly's " History of Walnut Street Church " the knowledge is gained tliat the first seats were of pine plank with part of the bark left on them. They were smoothed o9 on one side, were without backs and finished with legs of hickory sticks. The pulpit or "desk" was a dry goods box covered with green book-muslin or baize. All these makeshifts in the way of church furniture yielded to better things in time. When the minister arose in this rude pulpit he seemed to be a sort of "jack-iu-the-box," " sending forth missiles of gospel truth from a strong frontier block-house," as one of the pastors said. The room was lighted by means of tallow candles set in a sort of reflector, made by the tinner, and hung at each side of the windows, on the sills of which the dripping tallow formed a crude bit of fresco-work. For six years not only the Presbyterians, but other denominations worshijjped the God of all in this first church edifice.

The firiit regular pastor at the time of the erection of this church house was Rev. Calvin Butler. He had finished a college course at Middleburg, Vt., and was graduated in theology at Andover, Mass. He first preached in the west at Vincennes and Princeton, Ind. In 1834 he went to Washington, Ind., to take charge of a church. He also performed jJastoral duties at Boonville, Ind., and in a small town not far from St. Louis.

The first preacher to this congregation was, as already stated. Rev. D. C. Banks. In 1824 Rev. Mr. Phillips and in 1825 Rev. Samuel Taylor preached at stated times. Mr. Butler's services began with the church in 1828. He did not become the regular pastor until 1829. It was in 1835 that Rev. Mr. McAfee held services in this town, and in Henderson on alternate Sundays. The pastorate of Rev. Jeremiah R. Barnes began in 1836 and ended in 1844. It was during his labors that the division of the church occurred, .separating the people into what is called " old school and new .school." The Evansville church became part of the " new school," and transferred its connection from the Presbytery of Vinceunes to the Presbytery of Salem, where they remained until the union of the chui'ch again, in 1870. Mr. Barnes was succeeded by Rev. Samuel K. Sneed, in 1846, who continued his services 'until February, 1848. Rev. A. E. Lord took charge of the church in 1848, and remained until 1849. During his ministry the building was repaired, the whole interior being changed, and a belfry and bell were added. On October 28, 1849, Rev. Wm. H. McCarer landed in Evansville and began his ministry in this church, where he continued to serve until his resignation, in April, 1868 - thus ending a pastorate of more than eighteen years. It was in his administration of the church that a new building was erected to accommodate the enlarged membership. The decision to build was reached in 1859. Said the venerable McCarer, in reviewing his long work in Evansville: " The foundations were laid, and in March, 1860, 'the church on the hill' was no moi-e. Its venerable walls were removed. A few of the bricks, however, were sacredly preserved and lovingly incorporated into the new building, on Walnut and Second streets" - its present location. It is of the Norman style of architecture, peculiar to the mediaeval ages - about the tenth century. It is 80x125 feet in size, and is valued at about $75,000. The auditorium will accommodate more than a thousand persons. The ground floor contains the lecture room, Sunday school room, parlors, pastor's study, and reception room. The "basement" of the new building was occupied "on the first Sunday of February, 1861," and the services were of "deep religious interest." Here regular services were held for two years. The completed church was dedicated with fitting ceremony on the first Sunday in February, 1863. The dedicatory sermon was delivered by Rev. Dr. Tuttle, president of Wabash college. It is proper here to say that the parsonage adjoining the church, on Walnut street, is the generous gift of Mr. James L. Orr and his sister, Mrs. Martha J. Bayard, at a cost of nearly $10,- 000. This beautiful pastor's home was erected by them as a memorial to their parents, Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Orr - two beloved dead, who were long connected with the church.

Upon the close of the labors of Rev. McCarer, the church, in May, invited Rev. J. P. E. Kumler to fill the sacred desk, and he began his services June 5. 1868, and was installed December 6, 1868. He resigned in 1872 to take charge of a pastorate in Indianapolis. His work here was marked by many additions to the church, and by various forms of missionary work. For a few months Rev. Alexander Sterritt supplied the pulpit. In July, 1872, a call was extended to Rev. Sarnuel Carlisle, and he continued as minister till 1875. He was succeeded by Rev. Charles Henry Foote, D. D., who began his pastoral duties in November, lcS76, and continued' them until Septem- ber, 1878. In October, 1879, Rev. J. Q. Adams became the stated supply of the church, and continued till October, 1881. Rev. Seward M.- Dodge preached his first sermon in this church on Christmas morning, 1881, and ended his ministry in September, 1883. Rev. L. M. Gilleland was called December 23, 1883, and entered his work February 10, 1884. He femoved to Lake View, Chicago, in October, 1890, and died there March 17, 1891. Rev. Otis A. Smith was called here in February, 1891, and assumed his ministerial duties on March 10 following. He resigned in 1896 to accept a pastorate in Michigan. Rev. S. N. Willson, then filling the pulpit at Anderson, lud., was called and began his ministry at Walnut Street Presbyterian church in December, 1896.

All the church societies and the Sunday school are in a good condition, that promises much for the future welfare of the church. The choir has maintained its organization for more than sixty years, and Prof. M. Z. Tinker has long been its leader. The membership numbers about 400, and the church is in a very prosperous condition.

Grace Presbyterian Church

Grace Presbyterian church is the product of the division of the whole church of the United States in 1837 into two separate branches, or ecclesiastical bodies, denominated as the Old School and the New School. This theological breach was happily terminated by the conjunction of the two separated bodies in 1869. As an incidental result of this unfortunate general division, the Walnut street Presbyterian church in this city was divided, and a part went away with the Old School faith. This minority church was organized by B. F. Dupuy, Mrs. Mary G. Dupuy, Miss Augusta Dupuy, Mi.ss Julia Dupuy, Boyd Bullock and Mrs. Ann Bullock, in 1838, under the leadership of Rev. Hugh H. Patten, and was known under the corporate name of " Evansville Presbyterian church." The new organized body adhered to the presbytery of Vinccnnes. B. F. Dupuy and Boyd Bullock were ordained elders. The first meetings were held in the courthouse at the corner of Main and Third streets. Rev. J. V. Dodge was the first pastor of the new church, and he was ordained and installed June 6, 1841, in St. Paul's Episcopal church, which was tendered for the occasion. Mr. Dodge began his labors May 6, 1840, and continued until 1850. During his ministry the church was strengthened by two revivals, many names being added to the church

Until 1843 the congregation worshipped in the court-house, when a building at the corner of Vine and Second streets was erected at a cost of over $2,000.

The second pastor was Rev. J. N. Saunders, whose services extended from 1850 to 1851, ill health forcing his resignation. The third pastor was Rev. Alexander Sterrett, who served in this capacity from 1851 to September 14, 1865. The fourth pastor was Rev. C. B. H. Martin, who was installed May 1, 1866, and continued to serve until the fall of 1881. His fifteen years of pastoral work bore excellent fruits. He was scholarly, eloquent, and gifted with executive ability. The church under his charge grew - as an historian has said - "to be one of the wealthiest, largest and most fashionable in the state, that is, by 'fashionable' we mean composed of the most refined and cultivated members of the community."

It was in Dr. Martin's pastorate that the present large building was erected at the corner of Upper Second and Mulberry streets. It was dedicated September 13, 1874. The structure was erected and dedicated free from all debt. The building committee consisted of W. E. French, N M. Goodlet, L. Ruffner, Jr., S. M. Archer, C. Preston and W. G. Brown. This same year the name of the congregation was changed from what was popularly known as the Vine street church to Grace Presbyterian church. The building and lot cost nearly $75,000. The original lot on Vine street cost J300. This money Rev. J. V. Dodge secured from the liberal-hearted people of Henderson, where he had labored as their minister. When the lot was sold by the church it brought $14,000, which was used in the erection of the new building on Second and Mulberry streets.

The architectural style of the edifice is castellated Gothic, with high pointed arches and columns finished with turrets and battlements. It is 97x64 feet, and its auditorium is 60x80 feet, with a seating capacity of about 800 persons. The chief tower is 100 feet high, and the other main tower is 88 feet high. The frescoing within is an exquisite work of art, and all of the interior furnishings combine to charm the eye and elevate the soul with their exquisite harmony of color and beauty of form. The seats are made of black Walnut and richly upholstered.

After the close of Dr. Martin's labors, in the summer of 1882, Rev. James L. McNair was installed as pastor, and continued as such till 1887. It was in his pastorage that the commodious and well-arranged parsonage was built, at a cost of more than $7,000. The church added 133 names to its membership as a result of his faithful work.

A call was extended to Rev. Edward F. Walker in December, 1887, and he was regularly installed as pastor April 22, 1888. A great accession of membership took place during his pastorate, which closed the last Sunday in June, 1889. Rev. Walker resigned to accept a call at Parsons, Kansas.

The beautiful lecture-room, adjoining the rear of the church-building, is the munificent and handsome gift of Mr. D. J. Mackey and his wife, Caroline S. Mackey. It was erected in 1888, during Mr. Walker's pastorate, at a cost of $17,500, and was dedicated on January 27, 1889. It was built as a memorial to the parents of Mrs. Mackey, Judge John Law and his wife, Sarah Law. Mrs. Mackey completed the entire furnishings of the lecture-room, which bespeaks in each detail the liberal heart and exquisite taste of the doner.

In November, 1889. Rev. A. B. Meldrum was called to Grace, and he began his labors January 1, 1890. His pastorate continued until December 1, 1895. Mr. Meldrum was born is Scotland. When a young boy he settled in Canada with his parents. After finishing his literary and theological course in college, he became assistant pastor of Dr. Scott's church in San Francisco, California. Later he was installed pastor of this church, and he remained there about six years. From there he was called to Rock Island, Illinois, where he was pastor about three years. His pastorate in Evansville covered about six years.

Rev. J. L. Marquis began his labors September 1, 1896, and was installed October 18th, the same year. His installation was attended with more than usual interest. His father, a professor in the Chicago Theological Seminary, delivered the installation discourse. The singularity of the event was that of a father inducting his son into pastoral duties. Mr. Marquis is a young man, of profound learning and wide observation.

Springdale Mission

This mission is a part of Grace Presbyterian church, the presbytery never having authorized its erection into a church. Those who worship there are enrolled on the records of the foster church. It began as a Sunday school mission, and is still regarded as such.

The first Sunday school mission assembled at the home of Mrs. Nancy Bleckley, on Fountain avenue, in September, 1891, and organized with about thirty scholars. This was in the pastorate of Rev. A B. Meldrum, who regarded the "mission" as a "sort of revelation," so "refreshing and hearty," as he expressed it.

A church building was completed in December, 1893, and dedicated shortly afterwards. It is an enthusiastic Sunday school, with a very large regular attendance. It has grown until now there is a membership of about 350 pupils. E. M. Bush is the present superintendant. Regular church services are conducted here by the pastor of Grace church.

St. Paul S Church

The third church founded in Evansville was St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal church. The first was \yaluut Street Presbyterian church, and the second was what is now known as Trinity Methodist Episcopal church. In December, 1835, the Rt. Rev. Jackson Kemper, missionary bishop of the northwest, preached to the people of Evansville, and out of his sermons was born the spirit to organize a church. A number of interested citizens met in the store of Messrs. Goodsell & Lyon on January 9, 1836. William Towns presided at the meeting and James Lockhart acted as secretary. It was the sense of this meeting that a church be founded, and a resolution to that effect was passed.

The new organization was christened St. Paul's church. The wardens then selected were: Frederick E. Goodsell and John Mitchell; and the vestrymen were J. M. Dunham, Ira French, James Lockhart, Joseph Wheeler, Jr., and William Town. On the 7th of June following, the Rev. A. H. Lamon was invited to take pastoral charge of St. Paul's, and he accepted. There were seventeen communicants and they first worshipped in the old court-house. In November, 1836, a committee was appointed to see to the purchasing of a lot and the erection of a church thereon. A building committee was chosen January 7, 1839, consisting of John Mitchell, William B. Butler, F. E. Goodsell, Nathan Rowley and Joseph Wheeler, Jr. A brick edifice was erected, and was consecrated on January 12, 1840, by Bishop Kemper, the acting bishop of the diocese of Indiana. After some years it was enlarged and improved and was considerably in advance of the church structures of those days. After many years the present beautiful stone church was erected upon the same site.

The last couple married by Rev. Lamon was Mr. Charles Viele and Miss Mary J. Hopkins. On the resignation of Mr. Lamon in 1844^ Rev. N. A. Okeson took charge of the parish, and officiated for about one year. The christian character of Mr. Lamon was a power for good. While heroically nursing yellow fever sufferers in Louisiana he contracted the dread disease and died. After the resignation of Rev. Mr. Okeson for about a year Rev. W. Vaux, of Trinity parish, Vanderburgh county, assumed charge of St. Paul's pari.sh where he officiated every other Sunday. From Trinity parish he went to Minnesota, and later on was army chaplain at Fort Laramie.

On November 5, 1847, Rev. .Colley A. Foster was elected rector. He was a scholarly gentleman and an eloquent and forceful speaker. When he left in 1856, he accepted a rectorate at Kalamazoo, Mich In June, 1856, Rev. Anthony Ten Broeck become his successor. During the year that Mr. Ten Broeck was rector of the parish he demonstrated himself to be a man of culture, an earnest churchman, tenacious of the rubrics and austere in manner. In 1874 he held a professorship in Burlington College, New Jersey. Rev. Sidney Wilbur was in charge of the parish from November, 1857, to January, 1860, when he removed to California. He was a young man, full of zeal and energy. Rev. Elias Birdsall succeeded Rev. Mr. Wilbur and continued in the service till 1865, when he removed to California, in which diocese he was rector in several cities. His pastorate was a happy and successful one, and many regrets followed him on his departure. Rev. Henry W. Spaulding came in 1865 and remained until November, 1867, when he removed to Pittsburg, Pa. He was a man of works as well as faith, and he breathed activity into every department of church work, beautifying the old church, inspiriting missionary enterprise, upbuilding Sunday-school work, and encouraging othOr christian institutions. From November, 1867, to April, 1868, St. Paul's church was without a regular rector, but services were conducted by Rev. Mr. Burford, the rector of Holy Innocents' church Rev. Mr. Strong's pastorial duties continued but four months. Rev. Wra. H. VanAntwerp arrived and assumed his duties as rector in April, 1868, and his services continued until April, 1874, when he resigned and removed to Rahway, New Jersey, as rector of St. Paul's there. He was a pleasant and scholarly christian gentleman, having clear and liberal-minded views. On July 1, 1874, Rev Jesse R. Bicknell, of New Albany, lud., although he had only taken deacon's orders, assumed temporary pastoral duties. In August, 1874, Rev. W. N. Webbe was called to the rectorate. His relations with the church were severed in November, 1879. Rev. J. T Holcombe succeeded him in 1880, and remained about eighteen months. In November, 1882, Rev. Charles Morris assumed the pastoral duties at St. Paul's where he served long and successfully. His rectorship was ended in 1894 by his resignation. He was graduated at William and Mary College, and the law school of Richmond College, Virginia, and the Virginia Theological Seminary. He was beloved by the parish. His addresses were plain, direct, forcible and practical. Under his administration of the parish a superb new stone structure was erected. Early in 1883 the building M'as begun, and on March 2, 1886, the first services were held in the new edifice at which time it was consecrated to the service of the God of Zion. On that memorable occasion the bishops of Indiana and Illinois and twelve clergymen of the church were present and took part in the solemn, impressive ceremonies. The building cost $50,000. Its foundation lies in the fqrm of a cross, and its style is Gothic ; its tower is 124 feet high and is crowned with a large gilded cross The committee appointed on building was composed of Messrs. Charles Viele, M. J. Bray, Jr., and A. H. Lemcke. In 1865 a chapel was erected by Mrs. Charles Viele at a cost of $6,000

In 1 885 Mr. and Mrs. Charles Viele purchased the house and lot adjoining the church property, and after having the building remodeled and put in good order, they gave it to be used as St. Paul's rectory and in memory of Edward and Mary Hopkins, father and mother of Mrs Viele. The sum expended was about $10,000. In addition to what had already been done, and to complete the work the former rectory in the rear of the church was changed and made suitable for a parish house. This was entirely the work of the ladies of the church. After Mr. Morris' departure his place was supplied by Rev. W. Northey Jones, who is the present rector He is a man of pleasing qualities, scholarly attainments and persuasive oratory. The Sabbath-school is interesting and successful.

The present membership is about 300. The wardens now are M. J. Bray, Jr., and Silas S. Scantlin. A few of the big-hearted members of this church, well known to the older citizens, have made large contributions to the building and the support of the church, and they are

This church was organized January 22, 1868. It grew out of a mission Sunday-school which was the first ever established in the city, and which was the happy thought of St Paul's church. The first mission school was organized at St. Paul's about 1863, under the rectorship of Rev. Elias Birdsall.

Holy Innocents' parish began with a membership of thirteen families, and thirty communicants. Mrs. Charles Viele donated the property, located at the corner of Ninth and Division streets, to the diocese. The church was completed and ready for consecration on March 3, 1868. The consecration services were performed by Rt. Rev. Bishop J. C. Talbot. The brick building is of English Gothic style and is architecturally very beautiful. It is 80x40 feet in size; the roof is a steep- gable, and ornamental pilasters relieve the walls. The seating capacity will accommodate 300 persons. The rectory is a neat twostory frame house, convenient and modern in its appointments. The church and rectory, both together costing $25,000, were the munificent gift of Mrs. Charles Viele. This benevolent lady erected them as a memorial of her two children, Charles A., and Mary Douglass, both of whom died in childhood. This liberal donation is not only indicative of unaffected philanthropy and christian devotion, but also of her sweet motherly instincts and faith in the goodness of God. The memory of her little ones in Heaven gives the name to the church - "Holy Innocents'. "

The first rector of this period was Rev. Sponille Burford, of New Orleans. His services began in 1868 and closed in 1870. Rev. Richard T. Kerfoot served as rector from 1870 to 1875. He was a young man of varied experience, and an able gentleman. The next rector was Rev. R. C. Talbot, Jr., the term of his rectorship extending from 1876 to 1879. He was succeeded by Rev. O. A. Stanley, M'ho served the parish from 1879 to 1881. Rev. John K. Karcher was rector from March to October, 1881. Rev. John A. Dorris officiated from October, 1881, to 1885, and was succeded by Rev. L. F. Cole, whose rectorate extended from 1885 to November 1, 1888, which is the date of his resignation. Rev. A. A. Abbott succeeded him and continued in the service until November, 1894, when he resigned. The Rev. Frederick Irving Collins has been rector since Januarv, 1895

The First Cumberland Presbyterian Church

The first organization of this religious denomination was established here by Rev. James Ritchey ou January 31,1841. John C. Henson, William Underwood and Stephen D. Hopkins were elected ruling elders. At the beginning the membership numbered scarcely more than twenty, most of whom were women. Among the names now remembered are those of Mrs. Marcus Sherwood, Mrs. John C. Henson, Mrs. Eliza Mackey, Mrs. Paulina McAllister, Mrs. Elizabeth Ward, Mrs. Margaret McAlpine, Mrs. John Hall, Mrs. Susan Igleheart, Mrs. Stephen D. Hopkins and Miss Mary Johnson. These have all gone to their reward. They constituted an admirable nucleus for a strong congregation. For thirty years prior to the organization of the church, the small town of Evansville was visited occasionally by Rev. Hiram A. Hunter, Rev. William Lynn and other ministers of the denomination, who preached in the " old brick school-house," and sometimes in private residences. The first house of worship, a twostory brick, was erected on the corner of Second and Chestnut streets, and was occupied by the congregation until 1876. At one time in its history it was burned, but was promptly rebuilt. It stood upon the ground now occupied by the Owen flats.

Rev. James Ritchey was the first pastor called to serve in the new church, and he continued iu that capacity about three years. He was succeeded by Rev. William B. Lambert, father of Mrs. W. J. Darby, whose husband was a later pastor. Mr. Lambert was pastor of the church but a short time, when he was suddenly stricken down with cholera while on a trip to Louisville. He had gone to that city on a mission for the church, but was brought home in his coffin. This was a sad day for the church and community, as he was highly esteemed. The next j)astor was Rev. Samuel Jacobs, wlio withdrew after a year's service and quit the ministry. He was recently mayor of the city of Logansport, Ind. The next minister in charge was Rev. Aaron Burrow, of Tennessee, a brilliant, though somewhat erratic young man. This was just before and during the first part of the civil war. Mr. Burrow claimed to be a Union man, and said that he was in favor of "the Union, the constitution and the enforcement of the laws." However, during the early part of the war he resigned his charge, mounted a horse and went to his former home in Tennessee. He did not enter the Southern army, but was charged with being a "Southern sympathizer." Within a few months after leaving Evansville he was shot and killed by some Union soldiers, who claimed that he was destroying a bridge to impede the progress of the army. His tragic end was lamented here by not a few, as he was much loved for his pleasant, social and genial qualities, and was regarded as a man of bright promise, being possessed of a brilliant intellect, and having had the advantage of a classical education.

Rev. J. G. White, of St. Louis, succeeded Mr. Burrow, remaining in charge during the entire period of the war, and doing very successful work. Under his ministry the church was greatly strengthened, and became a decidedly prominent factor in the religious life of the city. Dr. White has grown old, but still preaches and lectures with much power. His home is in central Illinois. Rev. J. C. Bowden, D. D., of Tennessee, accepted the pastorate in 1865, remaining five years, during which time the church enjoyed great peace and moderate prosperity. Dr. Bowden resigned to accept the presidency of Lincoln university, of Lincoln, 111., and died at his post after three years of successful service. The congregation was without a pastor for nearly a year, but its membership held together with its Sunday prayer-meeting and other services.

Rev. W. J. Darby, of Princeton, Ky., a young man just graduated from Cumberland university, took charge of the congregation, in February, 1871, and served as its pastor for eighteen consecutive years, a pastorate more than three times as long as that of any of his predecessors. During this time the congregation grew to be one of the largest in the city, its membership being at the front in all forms of religious work. A new house of worship was erected on the corner opposite the old church, at a cost of $50,000. Through the liberality of its members a second church was built, on Jefferson avenue, and recently a third has been erected on Olive street. Early in Mr. Darby's pastorate, Dr. H. G. Jones was placed at the head of the Sunday school, and under his leadership the school became one of the largest in the city, and it has continued to maintain that position.

Four times the General Assembly of the denomination has met in Evansville - in 1859, in 1865, in 1872 and in 1880. Connected with the latter assembly was a convention of active Christian women from the various states, who organized a Woman's Board of Missions, making Evansville its national headquarters. This organization has spread extensively throughout the country, aud has a large membership. It has sent many missionaries to Japan and otlier countries. Tiie pastor and members of this church took a prominent part in the erection of Evans Hall, and the ^reat temperance work that has been done there. Mrs. Saleta Evans, the founder of the hall, was a member of this church, and Mr. Darby and Mr. W. F. Nisbet, an elder, were among the trustees who raised the money and supervised its erection. The church has thus been active in Sunday school, missionary and temperance work. In 1880 the first Christian Endeavor Society in the state of Indiana, and one of the first in the entire west was organized in this church. Evansville is now Christian Endeavor headquarters for the Cumberland Presbyterian denomination. It is also headquarters for the ministerial relief work of the denomination. The church is thus made one of the leading organizations of the Cumberland Presbyterian communion in the United States. In 1889 Dr. Darby resigned the pastorate and took charge of the publication affairs of the denomination, with headquarters at Nashville, Tenn.

Eev. A. G. Bergen, of Springfield, 111., followed Dr. Darby. His pastorate of three years was a happy and successful one. He was followed by Dr. E. G. McLean, from the state of Washington, who is now in charge. He is truly a zealous, learned and eloquent man after God's own heart. The membership of the church numbers over 700, and it has enjoyed a career of uninterrupted pros^ierity for a quarter of a century.

Jeffer.Son Avenue Cumberland Church

This prospei'ous congregation is a growth from the labors of the Cumberland Presbyterian church of this city, and is located on Jefferson avenue between Putnam and Campbell streets. They have an elegant building in which to worship. The congregation was organized January 6, 1889, by Rev. W. J. Darby and the session of the first church, with a membership of fifty-seven. Rev. J. H. Miller was the first chosen pastor. Under the efficient pastoral work of Rev. T. Ashburn, the present pastor, the membership has grown to 225.

Darling, Belle Eusminger, Penila Jordan, Emma Jordan, Richard Jordan, George Jordan, Emily Kinsey, Lou Kiusey, Emma Kinsey, Martha Melvin, Lena Melvin, Lloyd Melvin, August H. Miller, Cora Miller, Martha Williams, William Miller, Mary Matlieney, Graham Matheney, Annie Reese, Annie Ruston, Mary Roeder, Matthew H. Vaught, Samuel Weed, Lillie Sickman, Charles Roeder. Mattie Cook, Hallie Bittrollf and Elizabeth Holmes. F. C. Magenheimer is the clerk of sessions. The elders are : John G. Burrows, August H. Miller, A. F. Karges, F. C. Magenheimer, H. J. Graff and Samuel Crumbacker. The deacons are : Peter Zapp, M. H. Vaught, George B. Durham, A. R. Bopp, George W. Harmon, Ernst Schor, A. J. Taylor, A. G. Beeler and A. C. DeForrest.

Parke Memorial Presbyterian Church

On the first Wednesday ot December, 1887, at the regular midweek prayer service of the Walnut street Presbyterian church, the pastor, Rev. L. M. Gilleland, D. D., called the attention of the congregation to the fact that there was a large territory in the northern part of the city in which there was no church organization, and where no public religious services of any kind were held. He stated that, seeing the need of religious work in that part of the city, he had decided to open a mission Sunday school there, and desired to give an opportunity to all so inclined to contribute toward the expense of maintaining the same, and to volunteer their services as teachers in the school.

During the following week hand bills, announcing the intention of starting a mission school and giving a cordial invitation to attend, were distributed throughout the community surrounding the location selected for the school, which was at the corner of Columbia street and Heidelbach avenue, in a building formerly used as a saloon. On December 11, 1887, the school was opened, about 140 persons being present. After a number of songs the meeting was addressed by Dr. Gilleland, who explained the object of the undertaking and the results he hoped might be accomplished. Samuel G. Rick wood was chosen superintendent. The next two Sundays were largely spent in dividing the school into classes and appointing teachers for them. On January 1, 1888, the organization was completed by electing the following additional officers: William Moss, assistant superintendent; H.J

A steady interest in the school was maintained, and though at first there was much rudeness and disorderly conduct on the part of the scholars to contend with, in time the effect of the refining influence of the Gospel was manifest in the school. Toward the end of the first year the attendance largely increased and sorely taxed the capacity of the building, making it almost impossible to do satisfactory class work. The need of larger quarters was deeply felt, but none seemed attainable.

About the first of the year, 1889, Col. John W. Foster, our illustrious townsman, who had visited tlie school, and had become impressed with its work and possibilities for the future, proposed to the trustees of the Walnut street Presbyterian church to give, as a memorial of his daughters, Mary Parke and Alice, a sum of money sufficient to erect a church building to be known as the Parke Memorial chapel, provided the trustees would assume the responsibility of caring for the building and maintaining a Sunday school, and also an industrial school to be known as the Alice Foster Industrial school. The trustees are to be responsible for the building until such time as there shall be a self-sustaining church located there, when the building shall be transferred to such church.

The proposition was gladly accepted, and work on the new building was commenced in the early spring, and in August, 1889, the Sunday school moved into its new home, the beautiful chapel on the corner of Delaware street and Elsas avenue. The membership of the school was rapidly increased in numbers, a mid-week service was conducted for older people, and prayer services were also conducted on Sunday evenings by members of the session of Walnut street Presbyterian church.

During the summer months of 1891-2-3, theological students from the seminary were employed to conduct services at the chapel and do pastoral work among the people, and in December, 1893, a church organization was formed with about sixty members as follows : Mrs. Louisa Rickwood, Mrs. Herman J. Pfafflin, Mrs. Mattie J. Pfafflin, Mrs William Moss, Mrs. H. R. Moss, Mrs. Lucinda J. Plummer, Mrs. Mary E. Hall, Mrs. Lena Heyman, Mrs. Jessie Meyers, Mrs Maud Chambers, Mrs L. V Weston, Mrs. Addie Flentke, Mrs. L. B. Crawford, Mrs Adah Hugo, Mrs Mary Werntz, Mrs. Emeliue Cody, Mrs. Ed. J. Young, Misses Annie Plegge, Lydia Plegge, Sarah Pleggc, Minnie Plegge, Carrie Plegge, L. Woodward, Jennie Stoner,

Rev. Samuel P. Stophlett was called to occupy the pulpit. Under the pastorate of Mr. Stophlett the membership of the church was increased to about 150, and the Sunday school kept up its large enrollment. The ijidustrial school is for the benefit of poor children who are taught to sew, and the garments on which they work are given to them when completed. Attendance at the indu.strial school is limited to the members of the Sunday school. Each session of the school is opened and closed with religious exercises, and much good is accomplished, A boys' brigade was also organized and a great deal of interest is taken in it by the boys of the church and the school, and it is in a flourishing condition.

In March, 1896, Mr. Stophlett resigned his niini.stry here to accept a call from Kansas, and in June Rev. John P. Engstrom entered upon his work as the successor of Mr. Stophlett, and under his pastorate the church entered upon a new era of activity that bids fair to exceed the success of the past. All the various organizations are in good condition and hard at work, and all the people are well-pleased with their new pastor and his estimable wife. The membership of the church at present is l!^0, and church services are largely attended. The present officers of the church are as follows : Session - Rev. J. P. Engstrom, moderator; S. G. Rickwood, clerk; John L. Stevens, John D. Burns and H. J. Pfafflin, elders. Trustees - James Elliott, president; H. J. Pfafflin, secretary and treasurer; William Haberer, Augu.st Ellerbush, William IMeyers, William Young and J. D. Aubrey.

First Avenue Presbyterian Church.'

A Presbyterian church, located on Second avenue, between Maryland and Oregon streets, was founded by the order of the Vincenues Presbyterian December, 1872. The frame building had, however, been completed and dedicated in January, 1872. The site was donated by Willard Carpenter, and Rev. M. V. Van Arsdale was the pastor. The original membership numbered twenty-five. Meanwhile mission work had been going on in the locality of First avenue and Virginia street by Rev. AVilliain H. McCarer, pastor of AValnut Street Presbyterian church, and by members of Vine street church (now Grace church), and later by united efforts of both these churches. This combined labor resulted in the organization of a church on November 11, 1875, which was called the First Avenue Presbyterian church. This led to the disbandment of the Second Avenue church, the members of which transferred their membership to the new one. The original members of the First Avenue church were Nicholas Elles, Mrs. Elizabeth EUes, Mrs. Caroline Skinner, Mrs. Mary Brown, John Greek, Mrs. Sarah Werntz, Miss Ida Werntz, Miss Clara NVerntz, Miss Sallie Werntz, Miss May Werntz; Elders Otto F. Jacobi and John Savacool, together with fortyfour others, who came by letter from the Second Avenue Presbyterian church. The elders were Otto F. Jacobi, W. H. Wood and B. L. Brown. The first pastor was Rev W. H. McCarer.

A new brick church was erected rapidly, and dedicated April 2, 1876. The membership was fifty-seven, and in four years it reached a hundred, and at present it numbers 227. Rev. McCarer served the congregation till his death, in February, 1880. He had been pastor of Walnut Street church about nineteen years, and had served this new church six years. He was a man whose life was full of loveliness and good works. His successor was Rev. Henry A. Dodge, who labored till 1881. Rev. W. A. Hutchison was pastor from December, 1881, to December, 1882; Rev. Mr. Dawson, 1883; Rev. S. P. Lynn, 1884; Rev. David VanDyke, 1885 to 1888; Rev. Joseph S. Grimes, 1889; Rev. W. S. Lowery, 1890; Rev. J. F. Martin, 1891 to 1894, and Rev. O. S. Thompson, from June, 1894, to the present time.

The names of the ruling elders who have served this church are : Otto F. Jacobi, B. F. Brown, W. H. Wood, G. W. Entsminger, W, J. Harvey, A. C. Haynes, G. G. Rickwood, William Newman, John Greek, William Lambeth, E. S. Price, James Richey, William H. Kriepke and C. C. Porter.

First Baptist Church

The First Baptist church, located at the corner of Third and Cherry streets, was founded July 4, 1847, under promising circumstances that were afterward fulfilled in the vigorous growth of the society. The members who first constituted this congregation were : Rev. N. V. Steadman, S. Z. Millard, J. P. Matthews, Elizabeth Beasley, Marion L. Wilcox and Alvira S. Stoddard. These were the seed of this church, and from them the membership grew until at present it numbers 320. The first pastor was Rev. N. V. Steadmau. Many others trod in his footsteps. Rev. W T. Cross, the last pastor before the present one, was a scholar, a worker and a successful pastor. While on a vacation in Ohio in the summer of 1896, he died of typhoid fever. He was succeeded by Rev Thomas, a man who caught the mental and spiritual beauty of Spurgeon while laboring with him in London.

The first clerk was J. P. Matthews, and the first deacon was S. B. Millard. The first trustees were : Judge M. W. Foster, T. W. Simpson, Joseph Turnock, Alfred White and F. C. Gale The two persons who first united with the church were Mrs. S. K. Foster and Mrs. Elizabeth Turnock, and they are still active members. The first two baptized were Mrs. Mary Jacobs Maghee and Mrs. Laura Jacobs Steadman

The Sunday school was organized November 7, 1847, almost with the founding of the church. Its superintendent at that time was J. B. Maghee. The membership of the Sunday school now numbers about 200. William Turnock was for many years clerk of the church and superintendent of the Suudav scliool.

Calvary Baptist Church

Calvary Baptist church, situated at the corner of Fourth street and Blackford avenue, was organized March 5, 1888. The charter members were: Otis Wood, Mrs Hattie M. Wood, Miss Elma Wood, John Hubbard, Mrs. Laura W. Hubbard, W. S. Cosby, Mrs M. E. Cosby, Miss Kittie Cosby, Miss Helen Cosby, J. W. Wilkes, Mrs. Mary L. Tinius, Frank O Tinius, John Tinius, Mrs. S. A. Rucker, Mrs. Delia Schmidt, Mrs. Lida Clark, Mrs. Sadie Clark, Miss Mary E. Melton, Miss M. M. Stewart, Miss Ella Pittmau and J. O. Pittman. The pastors who have served this congregation are : Rev. R. S. Fleming, Rev. S. S. Clark, Rev. W. H. Hubbard, Rev. W. M. Barker, Rev. W. J. Coulston, Rev. W. A. Kling and Rev. J P. Jacobs, who is serving the congregation at present. He is an energetic, dutiful and practical young pastor There are now 168 members enrolled.

The orginal trustees were Otis Wood, W. S. Cosby, John Hubbard and J. H. Wilkes. The same trustees are serving at present, except Mr. Wilkes, whose removal from the city left his place vacant The first deacons were : W. S. Cosbv, Otis Wood, John Hubbard, J H.

Wilkes and Frank Tinius. The deacons at present are : Otis Wood, John Hubbard, J. J. Cosby, Dr. P. G. Kelsey, J. O. Pittman and W. S. Cosby.

Calvary Baptist church is of the faith of regular Missonary Baptists. The name Calvary was selected by a committee appointed for that purpose, and was adopted at the first meeting. The Sunday school which is supervised by the church, is an interesting, successful branch of the church work. The aid societies and young peoples' unions are active and wide awake, and are accomplishing much good.

German Baptist Church

This denomination worshijjs in a frame building at the corner of Franklin and Edgar streets, valued at about $5,000. The services are in German. The congregation was organized April 6, 1856. The present trustees are August Behi-ens, John M. Briel, Christopher Beck, John Alt and O. Kunath. The Sunday school is prosperous, and numbers sixty persons. There are eighty-four members enrolled upon the church record.

The congregation in German town.ship, at Kasson, was organized in 1867, and the chapel was built in 1871. The building and cemetery are valued at about $2,000. The original members were E. Jung, George Huber, Ch. Schmitz, John Schmidt. The list of pastors is as follows : E. Jung, C. Tecklenburg, A. Transohl, W. A. Lipphardt, C. F. Tiemann, A. Pistor. The Sunday school has thirty pupils.

Liberty General Baptist Church

Liberty church of General Baptists is located in Union township and was instituted October 5, 1823. Rev. Francis H. Wood is the present pastor. The charter members were : Rev. Benoni Stinson, Rev. George Parker, Rev. John B. Stinson, Ruth A. Stinson, Matilda Stinson, Zepheuiah Harrison, Benjamin McNew, James Slover, Preston Slover, Ezekiel Dirkes, Henry Thompson, James Chapman, Joseph

Chapman, David Hensou, Jesse Heuson, John Hensou, Peter Miller, Jane Henson, Elizabeth Henson, Polly Slover, Elizabeth Slover, Sarah Miller, Francis M. Miller, and others, aggregating a total of thirtythree. The names of the pastors are as follows : Rev. Benoni Stinson, first pastor; Rev. Jesse Lane, Rev. John B. Stinson, Rev. Alva Parker, Rev. J. G. Ensle, Rev. Wilson Blackburn, Rev. W. J. Blackburn, Rev. W. W. Charles, Rev. W. P. Hale, Rev. Thomas Strain, Rev. T. A. H. Laslie, Rev. George W. Voyles and Rev. Francis H. Wood. The names of those who have served as trustees are: Rev. Benoni Stinson, Rev. John B. Stinson, W. C. Rogers, J. B. Cox, Conrad Rose and H. A. Parker. The last three named are the present trustess. Deacons : Wm. M. Faquher and William Blackburn. At present there is a membership of 80. The church with a single exception is the oldest in the county.

Trinity General Baptist Church

This congregation organized itself into a body and adopted its name June 19, 1892, through the labors of Elders Levi Voyles, W. H. Ivy and Willis W. Smith. They worship* at the cornor of Devon and Uhlhorn streets. The original members were : W. W. Smith, Frank Dill, J. N. McNeeley, B. F. Mayhorn, E. W. Mercer, B. F. Mayhorn, Jr., A. H. Guinn, Henry Cantrell, Isaac N. Shelton, James L. Stites, A. A. Dempsey, Eveline Smith, Mary E. Smith, Mary Hougland, S. M. Guinn and Lizzie Dill The deacons are : Henry Cantreli, A. A. Dempsey and J. N. McNeely. The present membei'ship numbers 74. Rev. Willis H. Smith served the charge from June, 1892, to September, 1895. Following him came Rev. John Rinder, who resigned after only one month's labor. His successor. Rev. A A. Dempsey filled out his unexpired term. Rev. L. T. Spradley was called to the service early in 1897.

Independent Baptist Church

This denomination is composed of colored people, who organized themselves into a worshiping congregation June 17, 1872. Their .services are held at the corner of Virginia street and Twelfth avenue. The charter members were Green McFarland, Francis Howard, Grant Clay, Drusella Moreman, M. Bush, S. Bluif, Robert Porter, Rich Robinson, Irwin Stubb, John Hocker, Mary Hocker, Charles Gray.

The members of counsel are Lee Wenchell, Levi Anderson, John Stubles, Robert Porter, Milo Lestei-, James Bluff, George Goodyear. The trustees comprise the following members : W. M. Ward, Charles Jones, Henry Hogan. The clerk is Sallie B. "Williams.

Old Baptist Church

The regular Old Baptist church was founded in December 2, 1842. The present church, situated on Mary street, between Michigan and Virginia streets, was built in 1852. On December 1 of that year the new church organized and chose for her trustees Thomas Macer, Edward Harvey and Joseph Richardson. The members who serve in this capacity at present are Artemus Crofts, Joel Jones and I. C. Rigg. There are twenty-five active members enrolled. Rev. Andrew J. Willis is serving the congregation as their pastor at the present time.

Mfarland Chapel

On October 5, 1882, seventy-five members of Liberty Baptist church - an overcrowded colored congregation - considered the matter of organizing a new congregation. At their own request the parent church, on the next day, granted them honorable letters of dismissal. A complete organization was effected October 15, 1888, and the following officers were elected : Deacons - H. K. Adams, C. H. Christy Philander Cooper, Reuben Churchill, Alex. Jackson. Trustees - George Talbot, Sam Monroe, John Hatchett, Jeff Coleman, Andrew Henderson. T. A. Crump was chosen secretary, W. H. Beecher, financial secretary, and Dan Lee, treasurer.

On October 20, 1882, Rev. W. H. Anderson was called to minister unto this flock, and he has labored with them until the present time. The new congregation at once bought a lot, at the corner of Fifth and Cherry streets, for a church home. There they worshipped until they went into their elegant new brick chapel adjoining, on December 25, 1887. From seventy-five original members the church grew until it now numbers about 500 members. They have an excellent church choir, a successful Sunday school and other organizations for thorough church work. Its mission, apparently, has but just fairly begun, though it has already accomplished great good.

Rev. Anderson is a zealous, scholarly minister, a great organizer and a logical, forcible orator. He has been a host in himself for his congregation. The State University of Kentucky conferred upon him the degree of D. D. in January, 1889. He is the first colored Baptist preacher in Indiana to receive that honor.

Liberty Colored Baptist Church

Liberty Baptist church was organized June 13, 1865, in a little brick building near the corner of Chestnut and Canal street. (Fifth street was then known as Canal street.) The following officers were selected as deacons and trustees : Trivas Ford, Green McFarland, Warner Seman, Henry Townsend, Adam Rouse and A. Cornel Woods. A white man was chosen to be their pastor. They bought two lots on the corner of Seventh and Oak streets, one and two lots 47, upon which they erected a frame church 40x50 feet in size. Before many years this building proved inadequate to the needs of the congregation which had grown rapidly, so that in 1880 they built a brick church which cost about $10,000.

Elder Green McFarland served faithfully as pastor from the year 1866 to July 8th, 1882, when his connection with the church was severed by the hand of Death. The present pastor, Rev. J. D. Rouse, was elected and installed as his successor in October, 1882. There was an indebtedness on the church at that time of $3,000. The church was blown down in May, 1886, at which time there was not a dollar owing on it. They rebuilt immediately and the first Sunday in the following December the doors were thrown open for public worship in a new church that had cost between $18,000 and $19,000

Their present membership is 1,600. The officers are as follows: Deacons - W. H. Rowens, Rasmus Barnett, George Mansfield, Wm. Thomas, C. L. Brady, Abraham Murray and Thomas Dotson ; trustees: George Hynes, Richard Rice, R. L. Babb, George Smith, William Jackson, Cal. Baker, John Green, and Logan Reed, clerk.

First Free Will Baptist Church

on the 28tli day of October, 1895. A number of earnest colored persons of this faith, led by Rev. Thomas P. Griffith, composed the original membership. Their names are as follows : R. H. Daily and wife, T. W. Thornburgh, D. M. Davis and wife, B. F. Mayhorn, Silas Burk, Annie Stites and Frank Lassey. They were admitted in the Wayne county quarterly meeting of the Central Illinois Y. M. on the 23d day of May, 1896.

As the name indicates, this congregation are free communionists and hold to baptism by immersion. They believe that salvation is wholly by grace and that God has endued man with a free agency, and that man has a right to choose or refuse eternal life. Salvation is obtained on conditions of repentance toward God and faith in His son Jesus Christ as the Savior of men.

The affairs of this church are administered according to the Congregational polity. There is a Sabbath school in connection with other regular church services held in their place of worship on Nevada street. They had three ordained ministers and one licentiate. There is now a membership of thirty-six. The names of the trustees are as follows: R. H. Daily, James Williams and B. F. Mayhorn. The ministers who have served this congregation are : R. H. Daily, Thos. W. Thornburgh and Thomas P. Griffith, who is the present energetic and efficient pastor of the young congregation.

Christian Church

The disciples of Christ, properly called the Chinstian church, began to hold meetings in this city in 1868. In the first month of the next year Elder George Flower preached to the disciples here and organized a church. His labors were attended with great success. He was a man of fine attainments and peculiar force. His oratory was convincing, logical and powerful. His widow, the daughter of Judge Jacob S. Buchanan, and a sister of the late Cicero and Scott Buchanan, is at present connected with Willard library.

The members of this congregation worshipped for a time in the criminal court building, situated on Locust street, between Second and Third streets. Elder Flower was succeeded by Elder Carter, and he by the father of their first pastor. Elder Alfred Flower. Various causes operated against the success of the society, and for a time it became practically abandoned. But the spirit never died out, and on November 15, 1885, a reorganization of the society was effected, chiefly througli the labor of Messrs. W. "W. Ireland, Joseph Jutton, F. W. Gibbs, Louis Carter, J. R. Ferguson, B. R. Beecher, J. L. Yockey, Albert Mace, Dr. Floyd Williams and others. For many years 'worship was conducted at the corner of Second and Clark streets. The first minister in charge of the new organization was Rev. George Piatt - a relationship sustained until March, 1886. The next pastor after him was Rev. Neal McLeod, a scholarly gentleman, a systematic worker, and a successful upbuilder of all the church's varied interests. New vitality was drawn into the society, faith in its futurity was strengthened, and its usefulness was enlarged. The organization of Unitarians in the city having become extinct, their building, located at Seventh and Walnut streets, was purchased by the Christian denomination in 1888 for $4,000. The Unitarians erected the edifice in 1876 at a cost ot $6,000. It is a neat brick church, very conveniently arranged within and with a seating capacity of 300. The present membership of the church is estimated "at about 200. The Sunday school is doing enthusiastic work for the Master and with the other organized societies of the church is drawing strength and vigor into the denomination.

On the corner of Third and Ingle streets stands this church, remarkable for its architectural beauty. A handsome parsonage adjoining adds greatly to its attractiveness. The church was dedicated November 28, 1852, the corner stone having been laid June 1, 1851. A commodious school house was erected in 1868. The congregation was instituted in 1850, and was composed at that time of eighty-nine families. The names of the heads of the families that made up the original congregation are as follows : J. C. Bittrolff, Ph. Decker, H. Schmutte, H. Suhrheinrich, Peter Wolff, Jacob Kron, Jacob Fix, Philip Deusner, Joseph Wahnseidler, George Weidig, August Elles, Peter Zapp, John J. Reis, Louis Geiger, Fred Kroener, Henry Lutz, Michael Daussman, Jacob Eissler, C. L. Vierling, Jacob Weintz, J. Bischman, F. Wahnsiedler, William Heilman, G. A. Bittrolff, John Mann, Casimer Schlamp, Philip Inkerbrandt, Jacob Sinzich, Henry Pfingston, M. Renschler, J. J. Hueller, George Schreyer, H. Andel, J. C. Decker, Jacob Daum, Adam Mann, August Uhl, Fr. Carlstedt, Henry Klee, Rud. Kehr, Alb. Rimroth, Charles Habbe, W. J. Boepple, Edward Boetticher, F. W. Cook, Peter Hess, Thomas Kerth, John Karsch, Christian Kratz, Philip Koch, J. V. Faros, Jacob Froelich,

At the present time the church has a membership of 600 families. The Sabbath school is also in a prosperous condition, and has a large attendance.

German Evangelical Zion S Church

This congregation organized January 1, 1849, with thirty -five members, and Rev. Henry Toelke was first called to minister unto them. His work extended over a period of four years The names of the pastors who succeeded him are : Rev. H. Jumpe, Rev. H. Mangert, Rev. F. Linschaw and Rev Christian Schrenck, who continued as pastor for twenty-six years. He was succeeded by Rev. John Frick. Rev. J. U. Schneider is the present pastor. This congregation has a voting membership of 200, and 700 communicants. The original members were : Christian Decker, John Griess, F. R AVent, William Micker, Henry Storck, Hein Klocke, H. C. Sasse, William Gehaus, Johann Dill, Con. Hewig, J. P. C. Heimann, August Meyer, Simon Sasse, William Loose, Henrich Goeke, L. Hinspeter, Simon Wittenbocker, H. Henwinkel, Johann Dipple, Fr. Ludwig Stedink, Ludwig Weber, Johann Duell, William Lehmann, William Grese, J. T. Grabbe, William Messerschmidt, Ernst Kaupmeyer, F. R, Epmeier, Johann Ortmeyer, Jacob Hewig, William Hinspeter, Fr. Joestingsmeyer, H. Brocker and Herman Koehne. The officers of the church are : Herman Horst, president; John F. Schmidt, secretary, Christ. H. Dick, treasurer. The members of the council are : Rudolph Buente, G. Yourgans, H. Kattmann and F. R. Eggert. The trustees are : Fr. Eggert, William Koenig, H. Kattmann, Carl Espenlaub and David Becker.

They erected a church on Fifth street, between Ingle and Bond, in 1855; at a cost of $5,000. This was entirely rebuilt in 1893, and now stands among the first churches of the city.

German Lutheran St. Pauls Church

This religious society was organized August 19, 1887, and worships on Michigan street, between Heidelbach and Elsas avenues. At present they have fifty-five voting members and 205 communicants. The charter or original members are : William Schnute, F. Kahre, Adolph Staree, C. H. Boehne, Jacob Keck, W. H. Schute, P. T. Bippus, C. Ruschmeier, William Dueffel, H. Korff, Christ Schnute, Ernst C. Meyer, Christ Kahre, W. C. Schnute, John F. Boehne, F. Brackman, George Kniese, H. Gerland, H. Almes, August Schute.

The German Lutheran St. Paul's church is connected with the Lutheran synod of Missouri, Ohio and other states, which has at present 1,346 ministers, 1,897 congregations and 370,346 communicants. Their present pastor is Rev. E. W. Heiuicke.

Evangelical Lutheran St. Emanuel S Church

The Evangelical Lutheran St. Emanuel's church, at the corner of First avenue and East Franklin street, was organized in the year 1855 by the following members: August Bauer, Wilhelm Ramin, August Schlutter, John Ohning, Julius Meyer, John Koch, Carl Wilke, Ernst Hoyer, Christian Tiemann, Christian Tornatta, August Maasberg, Henry Lubking (builder of the church edifice in 1856) and Heinrich Schinemann. In the year 1874 the church tower was built. It has three bells.

The following were pastors of the congregation from 1855 to 1897 : Revs. Risch, Dirkens, Jung, Bank, Reidenbach, Koenig, Bachmann and A. C. Kleinlein, who is at present working hard for this flock. He took charge of the congregation in October, 1895. The church property is in good order, and has very little indebtedness. Ever since the organization of this congregation there has been a parochial school under its supervision. The pastor is the superintendent of the school, and the school board is composed of three members, as follows : J. C. Mutschler, Conrad Merle and Conrad Klingelhoefer. They erected a two-story brick school building four years ago.

The congregation is in a flourishing condition. It has 225 communicant members. The Sunday school numbers over 100 scholars, and the day school between fifty and sixty. The pupils recite both in the German and English languages. For the English branches the same books are used as in the public schools. The reason why the congregation has the school is mainly to teach religion, so that the children may be fitted both for this world and the world to come. The school has two public examinations during the year.

The congregation is a member of the Evangelical Lutheran joint synod of Ohio and adjoining states, which has a membership of over 85,000 communicants. The president of the synod is Prof. H. Schutte, of Columbus, Ohio. The Lutheran church is represented in this country by 6,061 pastors, 2,785 congregational teachers, 10,304 congregations and 1,453,651 communicants, belonging to fifty -seven synods.

Reformed Church In The United States

This is a distinct denomination from the Dutch Reformed church, with which it is sometimes confused. The church is located on Elsas avenue, between Indiana and Illinois streets. The congregation was organized in Evansville May 2, 1871, and a frame building was built for a place of worship in the fall of 1872. The first members were: Fred A. Budke, E. F. Oslage, Adam H. Schroeder, F. A. Budke, Adam H. Erk, H. F. W. Ferlemann and F. W. Markus. A list of the pastors who have served this congregation is as follows : Rev. C. T. Martin, five years (now a professor in a theological seminary in Sheboygan, Wisconsin;) Rev. Jacob Wiss, two years ; Rev. J. J. Jarrett, five years ; Rev. Schmidt, two years. Rev. J. Schiller, less than a year ; Rev. G. W. Landau, about three months ; and lastly the present pastor. Rev. Gottfried Badertscher, who is doing an excellent work for his people. The trustees at present are : Ed. Oslage, Otto Weis and Gus Kolb. The membership at the close of 1896 was 101. The Sunday school is well attended and great interest is taken in its services. The aid societies are all active and are accomplishing good work.

Spiritualist Society

Previous to the present society of Spiritualists there had been several at different times, but none were enduring. The purchase of the temple at the corner of Third avenue and Michigan street gave permanent character to the present society, which was organized November 26, 1892. The temple is valued at about $2,000. Early in 1895 nineteen members withdrew from the society. This small society has remained separated from the parent organization, but they hold regular services every Sunday, in connection with the lectures of Mrs. Mollie E. Kratz, the only regularly authorized medium in the city. At the time of the separation the society had about 80 members. The withdrawal of about a fourth of the number had no effect upon the ardor and faith of the others, and the society has since gained about as many as it lost. Regular Sunday services are held morning and evening at the temple. Mrs. S. Willerding is the head lecturer. There is also a Sunday school lyceum. Upon the death of J. M. Geupei, the president, in December, 1896, Mrs. Simon Willerding, the vice-president, became the acting president. Joj^eph Kaelin is secretary. The trustees are: Frank Guersch, Jacob Wagner and Simon Willerding.

It may' be added, something in the fashion of an historical note, that Dr. A. C. Hallock, a Quaker, came to Evansville about 1845; and perhaps ten years later took a particular interest in spiritualism. He was one of the earliest believers here, if not the very first open, confessed follower of that doctrine. Mr. Tenney was also one of the pioneer believers and expounders of this eclectic, mystic evangel. One of the most perminent and active men in the development of the society in this city is Mr. William H. Woods, one of Evansville's leading business men. Stephen Biederman was a delegate from this society to the National Spiritualist convention held in Chicago in 1893.

B Nai Israel

The temple of the reformed Jewish congregation is situated at the corner of Division and Sixth streets. It was erected at a cost of $45,000, and is very handsome, being of a Moorish Saracenic style of architecture. The following rabbis have officiated as pastors: Wm. Wechsler, M. Delbanco, B. L. Fould, S. Hetch, Dr. E. B. M. Brown, Dr. Isaac Schwab, Dr. Falk Vidavor, Dr. Meyer Erskiu, Dr. J. H.

M. Chumaceiro and Rev. I. L. Rypins. A flourshing Sunday school is connected with the church. The society numbers among its members some of the wealthiest and most prominent business men in the city.

Bnai Moses

This Jewish congregation was instituted in 1868. They have at present a membership of 46. They own their own church property which is located on Ingle street, between Sixth and Seventh streets. The cemetery known as Mt. Sinai, also belongs to this society. The charter members were : Levi Newman, Sam Newman, Meyer Levy, I. Rittenberg, Jos. Morris, S. Seelig, Nathan Morris, Nathan A. Goldstein, Jacob Efvoymson, M. Efvoymson, M. Silber, D. Brill, L. Selberman, M. Bymesch, Ph. Hamberger, N. Kaufman and H. Freidmann. The officers and trustees serving at present are: Rev. Paul E. Horn, B. Newman, Ph. Skora, S. Newman, L. Newman, J. S Ringolski, Levi Greenburg and S. Skora. Rev. A. Wohlkneu is the rabbi at present.

When I first arrived in Evansville early in 1837, I learned from the Reverend Deydier - who came here in 1836 - and from others that there were but two Catholic families in the town at the time of his taking charge of the Catholic interests here. Having myself been a witness of the growth of this church in this city, I can bear witness to the wonderful progress it has made materially and morally, financially and numerically, in the sixty years past".

Francis Link and family and John Walsh and family were the only two representatives of Catholicity in Evansville at that early period. I was personally acquainted with these families. Mr Link was a hotel keeper, and the gentleman to whom I had a letter of introduction on my first entry into the town. Mr. Walsh was a merchant tailor.

The growth of Catholicity in this city has been such as to elicit the notice of the thoughtful. There are data for believing that twentyfive per cent of the population of Evansville, which is estimated to be about 70,000 people at the present time, is of the Catholic faith.

For several years succeeding 1836 the growth of the church was slow, owing in some degree to the charges preferred in a legal way against Father Weinzoepfel, who died a few years ago at St. Mein- rad's Benedictine Abbey, in Dubois county, Indiana. But by careful and polite persistence in presenting the claims of Catholicity to the people, the aversion to the old faith of Christ was overcome and men inquired as in the days of the Apostles, "What must I do to be saved?" Some, who had been most active in their opposition to the Catholic church, were either converted to the doctrine or disarmed of all spirit of opposition. There came to be less hatred for everything Catholic by the non-Catholic population. Shortly after this, too, the church as well as all resident foreigners had to contend with the hostile political influence of knownothingism, which was for a time paramount and sweeping over the country. This political doctrine M'as of short duration. Father Badin's sermon on the occasion of the laying of the corner-stone of the first church of the Assumption, preached to a large concourse of people, many of whom were curosity seekers, softened the bitter asperities of many and broke down much of the feeling of unfriendliness toward the Catholic church. At the organization of the first parish in Evansville the outlook was anything but encouraging ; now there are six parishes, having church buildings, school buildings and charitable institution. Then the property was valued at a few hundred dollars ; now it is valued at nearly a million dollars. Then the few Catholics who were citizens of Evansville were mostly poor immigrants; now they are some of the wealthiest and most influential citizens of the state - men whose piety scarcely exceeds their open generosity. The liberality of these charitably-disposed men founded St. Boniface church, the Church of the Sacred Heart, the Home for the Aged Poor and St. Mary's Hospital. Such persons were Mr. John A. Reitz, Mrs. Robert Fergus, Mrs. Anthony Reis, Mr. Charles Schulte, Mr. Adam Helfrich, Mr. H. Reitman, Mr Theodore Rechtin and others. Indeed, the palm for liberal donations to the Catholic church, in support of morality and education, mqst be given to the city of Evansville above all others in the State of Indiana One family alone has given upwards of $60,000 for the benefit of the church and kindred institutions. Another's bequests reach the munificent sum of $35,000. Many others also have charitably remembered the church. The spirit of well-doing reaches down through the entire membership to the family, willing to give, but not able to spare, more than $1 at a time.

Assumption Parish

and included all the people of Evausville holding that faith at the time - 1836. This was the only Catholic church here from that time until 1851, when the holy Trinity parish was organized for Germanspeaking Catholics.

The first resident pastor of the Assumption parish was Rev. Father Deydier, who came here in 1836 as a missionary from the City of Mexico, traveling the long distance on foot and on horseback. He was, indeed, a pedestrian, for he knew the by-ways of the country, having learned them while pursuing his pastoral duties. When the Wabash and Erie canal was in the course ot construction he frequently visited the laborei's, many of whom were Catholics. Some of these workmen subsequently settled in Scott, Center, Armstrong and Perry townships, and gave .strength to the_^ churches that were afterwards built - proper notice of which will be given hereafter.

Two years after Father Deydier arrived, a lot was secured on Second street, between Main and Sycamore streets, where now stands the massive Business Men's Association building. This purchase was made at a co.st of $1,200, to secure a location for a place of worship for Assumption parish. The corner-stone was laid August 5, 1840, by the French bishop of Naney, Mon.seigneur Forbin Jeanson, who was at that time on a visit to the diocese of Vincennes. Rev. Stephen Badin, the first priest ordained in the United States, delivered the discourse on that occasion. It was in that same year that Rev. Roman Weinzoepfel, just ordained a priest at Vincennes, was sent as assistant to Father Deydier. Nine years afterward, in 1849, Rev. Patrick Mc- Dermott became the assistant priest of this parish, vice Rev. Weinzoepfel, and he celebrated his first mass in Evansville on Christmas day, 1849. When Father Deydier retired to Highland, near Vincennes, in 1859, Rev. McDermott was installed as pastor. Father Deydier, whom I knew personally and intimately, for years, died in the place of his retirement February 11, 1864.

This church property on Second street, through the instrumentality of Captain F. P. Carson, was sold in 1871 for $50,000. Out of this $5,000 were paid to the bishop; which sum was due him. In April, the same year, the present site of Assumption church, corner Seventh and Vine streets, was purchased. Early the following year work began on the present building, and on July 7, 1872, the corner-stone was laid by Bishop de St. Palais. Very Rev. Bede O'Connor was the orator on that occasion. Rev. Father McDermott, with commendable zeal and saintly ardor, built the church on the grand scale in which we see it to-day. As an evidence of the appreciation in which his services were held, he was appointed pastor of St. Patrick's church, Indianapolis, in 1879. His Evansville parishioners regretted exceedingly his departure from them, but they gave him their well-wishes as a parting tribute. He died September 13, 1882, on the field of duty. For about five months succeeding Father McDermott's removal to Indianapolis, Rev. John Gueguen, then chaplain of St. Mary's hospital, had charge of Assumption parish. Very Rev. Eugene F. McBarron took charge November 7, 1879, and under his administration the prosperity of the parish, instituted so well by his predecessor, was continued with steady, admirable skill and good business tact.

Among the additions and improvements he has made are a fine hall and school-building, a pastoral residence, repairing and frescoing of the church, and the purchase of twenty feet additional ground - at an outlay for the whole of nearly $20,000.

The parish grounds extend 200 feet on Seventh street and 150 feet on Vine street. All the buildings front on Seventh street. On the corner stands the pastoral residence, a tastefully constructed and conveniently arranged house, costing upwards of $4,000. About the center of the grounds stands the stately and massive church-building, which cost about $75,000. The next building is the sisters' house, and lastly comes the Assumption hall and school-building, representing about $10,000 expenditure. These buildings, improvements, grounds, furniture, and other parish property, are worth over $150,000. Assumption church is cruciform and is built in the Romanesque style of architecture. It is 60 feet wide, 90 feet in the transept, 52 feet to the ceiling, and 149 feet long. It is built of brick, M'ith stone trimmings, and is reputed to be one of the most substantial and beautiful edifices in the west. The interior, with its exquisitely frescoed walls and ornamental thirty-light candelabrum, reminds the sjiectator of Roman style and Roman richness. The sanctuary is on the order of the Carthusian monastery, the Certosa of Pavia, which is the best example of Italian Renaissance in existence, and whose cloister is the only one in the world that has ever been decorated. The arches of the side altars are of the Roman style of the thirteenth century, while the basso-relievo angels are kept more in the style of Michael Angelo as seen at St. Peters. The ornaments around the windows are designed after fragments in the church of St. Maria del Popolo in Rome, while the ceiling is very much like that of St. Paul's at Rome before its admirable works of art were destroyed by fire. On the whole, the church of the Assumption impresses all beholders, who have seen Rome, as did the majestic and imposing relics of Italian