Vermillion County, Indiana - The whole text, 1888 (part 8 of 15)

The Cross-EoadsUnited Brethren Church, two miles west of Perrysville, was organized over forty years ago, and a large frame church built also in early day. The membership there numbers about seventy-five, of whom the leader is Mrs. Sarah Park, and stewards, Jacob Brown and Richard Spandau. Sundayschool throughout the year, with an average attendance of about eighty, superintended by John Park.

Mound Chapel, United Brethren, 30 x 40 feet, erected ten or eleven years ago, is located three miles and a half north of Perrysville. The class, now comprising about forty members, was organized eleven or twelve years ago: leader, Mrs. Jane Mitchell; steward, Nathan Jacobs. Sunday-school during the summer, of about fifty pupils probably, superintended by the class-leader, Mrs. Mitchell.

A " Christian''^ church, with about a half dozen members, was organized at Perrysville five or six years ago, by Elder Gilbert Lane Harney, of Indianapolis, but they kept up services only a few weeks. The leading members were C. S. Brummett and wife, John Emanuel Sinks, Sarah Bailey, Mrs. Ilettie Lacey, and others.

The Universalist Church at Perrysville was organized in 1842, and afterward erected a house of worship, a frame about 36 x 50 feet in size, but, being unable to pay for it, they finally, in 1850, sold it to the Presbyterians, and subsequently disbanded. They numbered as high as fifty or sixty members at one time. Among the ministers are prominently remembered Revs. E. Manford, the celebrated editor, a resident of Terre Haute at the time, B. F. Foster, of Indianapolis, George McClure, of Dayton, Ohio, but an itinerant, and Mr. Babcock, of some point east of Indianapolis. The minister organizincr the church was Rev. Marble, of Fountain County, who preached once a month for about a year. The leading members were Robert J. Gessie (trustee and mortgagee!). Dr. Thornton S. Davidson, Dr. Porter, Jlessrs. Lawless, Watt, etc. They had a fioiirishing Sunday-school.

laid out in 1872 by Eobert J. Gessie and named for liini. (See sketch of Mr. Gessie elsewhere in this volume.) The population of the village is now 140.

The business men of the place are, J. C. Stutler, general store; L. A. McKnight, general store and grain; D. M. Hughes, drugs and groceries; John Cade, postmaster, drugs and groceries; A. Van Sickle, blacksmith; Silas Hughes, wagon and repair shop and wood-work; C. L. Eandall, painter and jobber; John Haworth, station agent; David Hughes, William Saltsgaver and David Metzger, stock dealers; H. C. Smith & Co., proprietors of tile factory. This mill was built by Smith, Strausser & Stutler in 1884, who made in one year about §6,000 worth of tile. In 1885 tlie tirin name became H. C. Smith i&Co.

Dr. William Isaiah Hall, who purchased the first lot in Gessie and built the tirst house, is still a practicing physician of the place. Dr. James Barnes, who was for a time in partnership with Dr. Hall, is also practicing here.

The United Brethren Church at Gessie was oi'ganized about 1879, by Rev. F. E. Penny, of Danville, Illinois, wlio moved to tills place the following year. The trustees were L. A. McKnight, Charles Hay and Harvey Hughes; and Isaiah Thompson the classleader. There are now seventeen members; class-leader, J. C. Stutler; stewards, J. C. Stutler and Katie Goudy. The Sunday-school is maintained most of the year, with an attendance of forty pupils; superintendent, John Haworth. The pastors have been Eovs. J. A. Smith, of Gessie, J. Knowlea, of State Line, Kaufman, of Perrysville, S. C. Zook, who lived below Newport, J. li. Horner, who lived here, and Van Allen, who lived a mile south of Caynga. The church building wds erected by the Christians, about 1877, a frame

The Union Sunday-school in Gessie is maintained independently of denominational supervision, and its existence of course diminishes the attendance at the United Brethren Sunday-school. It has been running since January, 1887, and L. A. McKnight is superintendent.

Hoicard Chaj^el., Methodist Einscojpal Chxirch., two miles north of Gessie, is a brick bnilding 30 x 50 feet or more in dimensions, built over thirty years ago. The society has been in existence since pioneer days. Tliere are now about thirty members, with Joseph Nichols as class-leader. Stewards, James J. Lewis, Meredith Lewis, Henry Saltsgaver, David Bennett and Dr. W. I. Hall. Mr. Saltsgaver is also Sunday-school superintendent. Pastor, Eev. Warren, of State Line, where the parsonage is. Among the ministers of tlie past the most prominent in memory are Revs. Cooley Hall (father of Dr. Hall), Wilson Beckner, Samuel Beck, Whitefield Hall, etc.

The chapel is named after Joseph Howard, who donated the ground and led the enterprise of building the church, and was afterward trustee, etc. He resided there until 1866, and moved West, and finally died in Nebraska. His wife has since died. Mr. Howard was buried in Nebraska, although his monument is in the graveyard here. None of his people reside at present in this county. On coming liere from Ohio, about 1825, he settled on the farm now occupied by John Fox; was very poor, a cooper and farmer by occupation, but by economy he at length became wealthy, maintaining all the while an unsettled reputation.

Hojiewell Baj^tist C7i2irc/<,iih-ame bnilding abont two miles north of Gessie, is the place of meeting of a society which was organized many years ago by the Rabonrns. Among tlie prominent early members were Wesley and Keese Rabonrn, Fielden Rabonrn, Mr. Blankensliip and others, and of the ministers the most prominently remembered are Revs. James Smith, John Orr, Mr. Whitlock, Mr. Stipp and Samuel Johnson. Mr. Stipp was a Freemason, and some of the] members of the church, not believing that freemasonry was consistent with Christianity, seceded, under the leadership of Elder Johnson, so that since that time two small societies are weakly sustained at the same place of meeting, called respectively the " Stippites " and the " Johnsonites." Elder Stipp is now dead.

Elder Johnson came from Fountain County in 1871, purchasing the old Joseph Howard residence. Ehud Hughes, Philander Goff, Samuel Johnson and Ephraira Sh\ite are official members.

In 1877 Byron Stevens, a "Christian" residing near Lowe Chapel, about three and a half miles southwest of Gessie, with the assistance of his friends built the church in Gessie which two years afterward they sold to the United Brethren, as before stated. He was a minister, and he and James Prather were trustees. They organized a small church society at Gessie, which soon ran down. Elder Myers preached regularly for them for a time.

'HE surviving old settlers have from time to time held reunions, picnics, etc., refreshing one another's memories of pioneer experiences. At the close of the 4th of July celebration at Clinton in l^Sl, an association, for the purposes of nmtnal entertainment and preservation of history, was organized by the clectiDU of the following officers: James A. White, Sr., of Ilelt Township, President; Decatur Downing, of Clinton, Secretary; W. G. Crabb, of Clinton, Treasurer; A^ico- Presidents, for the respective townships - John Hamilton, Clinton; Abel Sexton, Vermillion; S. W. Malone, Eugeue; and Pi. J. Gessie, Highland; and Executive Committee - J. H. Pogart, John Wright and P.P. Morey, of Clinton; William Wisliard, of Helt; and George II. McNeill, of Perrysville. This committee was given the authority to call a meeting of the society, but it is said that they never even met, for any purpose, and thus the association died.

It happens, however, that the chief poet of Vermillion County, Dr. E. T. Spotswood, of Perrysville, knows how to celebrate pioneer times, in true Hoosier dialect, and we here insert two specimens from his happy mind.

Of The Olden Time

who cnin tii this kentry when it wuz new an' mostly in a state ov natur, an' likewise peple; also thereof before it wuz so improved that all natur is druv out uv it. In the good old times, when workin wuz more respektable than loafin', when steal in wuzent called spekilaslmn, when honesty wuz konsidered the best policy, when brass didn't count for brains, an' cheek for moral principul, when inuney wuzent alius the measure uv the man, when sham and shoddy wuznt on top, an' modest woi'th an' manhood on the under side in the fite, but when brains, pluck, honesty an" mussel wud win agin the world, - to these yuug chaps uv olden time 1 dedykate the poem, an' subscribe myself in the Coal Branch Hollow, whar they will alius find the latchstring out, a smokin' hot corn pone, a bowl uv cold buttermilk, a clean gord in sparklin' water, a rousin' hickory log fire, an a warm wellcum from thar friend,

Down upon the Coal Branch, in the Indianny State, Whar things go movin' slow along at the good oldfashioned gait, Thar men an' wimmen good belong, an' gals that ar around is wiltin'. The gals they go a-slippin' round a gittin' up a-ciuiltin'. An' the boys all round they understand Will cum an' lend a helpin' hand. In shuckin' corn or clearia' land ; Then, when the corn is gathered in, An safely stowed up in the bin. The fodder piled up in the shock, Enough to feed the winter stock, - The quilt is tuck from out the frame, a-lookiu' new

Then, when the long day's work is dun, An' night curas with the settin' sun. An' all havo had a glorious treat. At supper time, uv things to eat, - Uv hog an' hominy, pork an' beans, Uv corn an' cabbage an' sich greens, - Uv nicnacks sweet which you will find The wimmin have been mixin', - Besides 'most every other kind

Is full uv fun all over. Is when the Coal Branch blossoms out, An' feels herself in clover. From corn-cob pipes the old ones smokes, An' chats and laffs an' cracks thar jokes, An' smiles an' winks an' slyly pokes Thar fun at the younger bashful fokes.

lunchen, Each feller hunts his pardner up an' steps out on his punchen. The gals are standin' round in rows, Tricked out in spankin' calicoes. All waitin' to be chosen.

He draws it twice across the strings, Which on the floor the dancers brings ; He gives the bow another draw, When they all call for the " Arkinsaw." With a loud voice he yells the call, " Honers ter yar pardners, all !"

That soon from off that floor the splinters gits a-flyi To the fiddle's time they music beat With clatteria', patterin' busy feet, As in an' out they wind an' wheel Thro' old Virginia's lively reel. Or, like the flyin' corn they husk. They capper in the Money Musk, Or Fisher's Hornpipe contra dance With springin' steps they danglin' glance. With ringin' laflT an' jestin' jeer, * boys a-pranciu' ; An' I'm sure that if you do That you will larn a thing or two; For yon will see with your own eyes The human hart without disguise, An' larn sum lessons if you're wise. Which thro' life's journey you will prize; That happiness an' sweet content Ai'e oft with simplest pleasures blent; That graspin' greed an' pride will bring To akin' harts the keenest sting; Whilst nature's plain an' simple ways Will light with joy your sunset days.

Fourth Of July Poem Bv Dr. E. T. Spotswood, Of Perrvsville, Indiana

we'll smother. With the sweet old songs we used to sing Once more we'll make these old woods ring. An' show these .young folks settia' 'round thet the that now they sing an' play. The music thet we loved uv old, wuz the spinninwheels' sweet hummin'; The flax-break's thud, as with steady beat all day it fOIIN COLLETT (second), State Geologist, 1879-'84, is a resident of the old homestead near Engene, though he spends most of his time at Indianapolis. He was born at Engene January 6, 1828, the eldest Bon of Stephen S. and Sarah (Groenendyke) CoUett. (A sketch of his parents is given elsewhere in tliis volume). He was only fifteen years old when his father died, and upon him devolved much of the care of his father's estate of 5,000 acres, and also the interests of his younger brothers and sisters, of whom there were seven. In the discharge of these duties he exhibited extraordinary ability, and was also faithful in carrying out the policy of his father. The most important feature of this policy was good education for all his children. The plans for this were successfully executed. Mr. Collett pursued his higher studies at Wabash College, where he graduated in 1847 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and where five years later he received the degree of Master of Arts. In 1S79 that institution conferred upon him the additional distinction of Doctor of Philosophy. For a number of years after arriving at the age of manhood his time was devoted to farming and miscellaneous business connected with it; and he also frequently had charge of important estates. In these matters he was remarkably shrewd, prompt and honest. He never permitted his own private affairs to interfere witli the responsibilities he had undertaken for the interests of others; and amid all these cares he also found time for scientific studies, and participated in i)ul.)lic affairs. His ability and integrity were both so conspicuous that his fellow citizens recognized these qualities in him, and sought opportunities to give testimonials to the fact by honoring him with office. Accordingly, in 1870, he was elected to represent the counties of Parke and Vermillion in the State Senate, where he served through two regular sessions and one called session. While a Senator he originated the clause in the Baxter Bill which has since become a part of the general law of the State, ranking public drunkenness with crime. Another of his propositions, which has since been generally accepted, was, that the owners and not the public, should be held responsible for the live stock running at large. He was prominent in advocating tlie law providing for the construction of gravel roads, under wliicli State gravel roads have been made throughout Indiana; but he was most forward in advocating compulsory education, at a time when very few dared to favor such a measure. Also, he rendered great service to the cause of education by assisting Hon. James D. Williams, then a Senator from Knox County, and since Governor, to obtain the passage of a law requiring that the surplus bank funds be distributed among the counties to be loaned at interest for the benefit of common schools, instead of leaving it, as before that was the case, only in charge of the State officers to inure to their benefit exclusively. Also, he saved from defeat the bill providing for county superintendents of schools, and he was the first to advocate the establishment of a State home for the feebleminded. Mr. Collett was a "Whig in early life, and became a Republican upon the organization of thatj^arty; but, notwithstanding his zeal in the cause of Republicanism, he was the choice of Governor Williams in 1879, for the Chief of the Bureau of Statistics and Geology, then just established. In assuming the position, he found himself under the necessity of devising the methods for gathering statistics, and although embarrassed for the M^ant of sufficient appropriations of money, he succeeded in collecting much valuable information on a great variety of important subjects. This was compiled in two volumes of over 500 pages each, on a plan which has not since been materially departed from. While serving in this ofiice, his influence led the State House Board to institute a series of scientific tests, which resulted in permanently establishing the superiority of Indiana building stone over the other kinds that before had been in use; and thus was developed in his State an industry which every year brings great wealth to the people. But Mr. Collett's greatest notoriety is as a scientist, especially in the departments of Geology and Palfeontology. When but eight years old he displayed a remarkable aptitude in the collection and classification of geological specimens. As he grew older his talents in these respect? became so marked, that scientific men in all parts of the United States opened correspondence with him, and received great benefit from his contributions to science. For the last ten or fifteen years no man has been a more enthusiastic and successful student of the hidden treasures of the earth's crust in this region; nor has any one furnished more valuable or welcome information to the scientific world. From 1870 to 1878, as Assistant State Geologist, he contributed nearly 1,000 condensed pages of matter concerning the counties of Sullivan, Dubois, Warren, Lawrence, Knox, Gibson, Brown, Vanderburg, Owen, Montgomery, Clay, Putnam, Harrison and Crawford. While State Geologist, 1879-'84:, he compiled four volumes, averaging over 500 pages each, on the Geology and Palffiontology of Indiana, which have become standard books of reference in all parts of the civilized Avorld. These reports embrace a large number of illustrations of great value to students of science as Avell as to miners. The report of 1883-'84 gave to the public the first geological map of Indiana ever published. Even when ajjpropriation from the State funds fell short, Mr. Collett advanced thousands of dollars from his own purse to keep his assistants in the field and his department steadily running; and for this the State is still indebted to him. Since the expiration of his term as State Geologist he has been engaged in various literary and business enterjjrises, which allow him rest and quiet, and to make trips in difterent directions across the continent. In all the positions he

BIOORAPIIICAL SKETOHElluis held he has exhibited a remarkable capacity for excessive hard labor and endurance, both mental and physical, often doing much more than one would suppose was possible for any man to do. In religion, Mr. CoUett is a believer in Christianity, and his predilections are in favor of the Presbyterian church. In keeping with the instincts of the family, he still maintains his residence at the old homestead near Eugene, where his chief enjoyment consists in agricultural pursuits and scientiiic studies. In stature, he is six feet two inches high, straight as a plumbline, and of a military bearing; his eyes are a piercing gray; complexion fair; hair formerly auburn, but both that and his beard are now snow white and of patriarchal length ; mouth wide, and of an aifable outline; nose indicating a marked character; in motion, he is quick and determined. In the prime of life he could outwalk three ordinary men, and hence have the advantage in rambling over hill and dale in the examination of the earth and collection of specimens. In walking, he does not, as many do, keep his eyes just before his toes, but cast forward at a great distance, indicating energy and high ambition. .

^^[LIAS PRITCHARD, auditor ^M, million County, Indiana, is serving his "^^ second term, having been elected in the fail of 1880, and again in 1884, his present term expiring in 1888. He is a representative of one of the pioneer families of Vermillion Countj'. His father, Ezekiel Pritcliard, was a native of North Carolina, removing thence when a yonng man to Pennsylvania, and from there to Ohio, where he married Eleanor Watson, a native of Pennsylvania. About 1828 they moved to Indiana and settled in Clinton Township,

Vermillion County, where he died July 12, 1838. He entered 120 acres of land on section 5, township 14, range 9, which he partially improved, building a log house, setting out an orchard and erecting necessary farm buildings. He was a hard-working, honest and respected citizen, and had many friends among the pioneers. He left at his death a widow and fourteen children, seven sons and seven daughters, all of whom grew to maturity, and all but one of the deceased left families. Those living are - John, of Joliet, Illinois; Mrs. Elizabeth Payton and Mrs. Maria Hill, of Clinton Township; Mrs. Mary Cottrell, of Terre Haute; Johnson, of California; Mrs. Martha Curtis, of Edgar County, Illinois, and Elias. Elias Pritcliard was born in Clinton Township, (Jctober 12, 1838, and has always been identified with his native county. He was reared a farmer, remaining on the farm until twenty-four years of age, when he was employed as clerk in a dry goods store, and in 1870 engaged in business for himself at Bono, which he continued until his election in 1880 to his present position. He is an efticient public ofticer, fulfilling his duties conscientiously and with painstaking care. Mr Pritcliard married Miss Mary A. Patrick, of Edgar County, Illinois, daughter of Samuel and Maria (Nichols) Patrick. They have had four children, of whom only one, a son, is living - Ordie E., born April 18, 1879. Their eldest, Ella M., died at the age of sixteen years, and Grace and Blanche aged respectively six and nine months. In politi Mr. Pritcliard is a Republican, being the only one of his family who votes that ticket. He cast his first Presidential vote for Lincoln in 1860, and has voted for every Repul)lican nominee since, with the exception of 1864, when he was absent from the State. He is one of the prominent and substantial citizens

«P. POTTS, farmer and stock-raiser, section 3, Vermillion Townsliip, is a ® native of Vermillion County, born April 17, 1848, a son of Eicbard and Rebecca (Jackson) Potts. His father was from Monmouth County, New Jersey, and his mother from Clermont County, Ohio. They came to Veritiillion County in 1845, making this their home the remainder of their lives. The father died in 1875, aged seventy-four years, and the mother in 1885, at about the same age. The/ had two sons - Thomas, who is now deceased, and our subject. C. P. Potts was reared a farmer, an occupation he has always followed successfully, and now has 680 acres of valuable land. In his stock-raising he makes a specialty of cattle, and in his herd are many valuable lireeds. He is one of the enterprising farmers of his township, and, although not yet forty years old, is one of the substantial and prominent citizens of the county. He was married in 1876 to Josephine Culley, a native of Vermillion County, born in 1852, a daughter of Jolm and Martha Culley. Mr. and Mrs. Potts have two children - Clara B. and Joseph G. Mr. Potts is a member of the Masonic fraternity. Lodge No. 209. In politics he casts his suffrage with the Kejiublican party.

fAMES RUSH, a pioneer of Helt Township, resides on section 24. He was born in Pickaway County, Ohio, IMarch 25, 1817, a son of George Hush, who came to Indiana in 1818, and lived in Parke County a year, and in 1819 moved to Vermillion County, where he settled in the woods among Indians and wild animals, and in this county James was reared. One summer 500 Indians were encamped near their house. They were generally peaceable and gave the settlers but little trouble. Mr. Push has always been a farmer and has done a great deal to advance the interests of agriculture in his township. He was married February 23, 1854, to Dorcas Andrews, daughter of James Andrews, who came to Vermillion County from Butler County, Ohio, in 1823, and settled on the farm where Mr. Hush now lives, and where Mrs. Push was born July 30, 1825. Mr. and Mrs. Push have had five children; but three are living - Fred, Mark and Mary E. Mrs. Push is a member of the Presbyterian church.

fOHN P. McNeill, of Perry svi lie, was born in AVaterford, Loudoun County, Virginia, February 25, 1811, a son of John and Hannah (Mayne) McNeill. He came to Vermillion County, Indiana, with his father's family in 1836 and here he has since made his home, a period of fifty-one years. He was reared to the avocation of a farmer which he made his life work, and in his chosen work has met with excellent success. Beginning life with no capital but health and a determination to succeed he has by his persevering energy and habits of industry become classed among the most prosperous of the many successful citizens of Highland Township. Mr. McNeill has been twice married. January 1, 1840, he married Miss Martha Rudy, who was born in Pennsylvania, a daughter of Martin Rudy, one of the county's early settlers. Mrs. McNeill died May 15, 1848, leaving two children - Irene, born

Bioobaphioal Sketches

October 23, 1846, uow the wife of Theophilus Holloway, of Yigo County, Indiana, id Frank, born February 6, 1848, an artist living in the city of New York. Mr. Mc- Neill was married a second time to Mrs. Elizabeth (liudy) Barger, a sister of his first wife, and to this union were born seven children, four sons and three daughters - Scott, Albert, John B. and Charles G., and Josephine, wife of F. A. Walker; Anna Laura, wife of Thomas J. Armsrong, and Jennie Lind living at home. In his religious belief Mr. McNeill inclines toward Unitarianism, although he has a greater respect for good deeds than for creeds. He has been a student of religious literature the greater part of his life and has found so many conflcting theories that he long ago jlecided to take reason for his guide. His motto is: " Do not unto others that which you would not have others do unto you." In politics he was in early life a Whig, casting his first vote for Henry Clay. He now affiliates with the Eepublican party. Mr. McNeill is one of the active and public spirited citizens of Yermillion County, and is ever ready to aid in the promotion of whatever enterprise he believes is for the best interests of his fellow men.

fOHN WRIGHT, a worthy representative of one of the earliest pioneer families of _ Yermillion County, is a native of New York State, born in Ontario County, March 22, 1818, a son of George and Anna (Handy) Wright, the father born in the State of New York, and the mother a native of Massachusetts. In 1819 they came to Indiana with their family of nine children, the subject of this sketch being then a babe. After one year's residence in Terre Haute, they, in 1820, came to Yermillion County, and in the forest of Clinton Township established their future home on Lenderman Creek, five miles southwest of Clinton. The county at that time was a wilderness, containing but few families, being inhabited principally by Indians and wild animals. George Wright was a poor man, able only to secure a tract of 160 acres, and most of his children were too young to render any assistance in their struggle for a livelihood. Labor in the pioneer settlement commanded no money. There were no mills in the country, and corn when raised had to be pounded into meal in huge improvised mortars. Gradually the opening in the forest grew larger and the circumstances of the family improved, and the boys, each year added strength to the woi'king force! Two children were added to the family in their pioneer home. Mrs. Wright did not live to see the fruition of her hopes, dying in 1827, in her forty-first year. Mr. Wright was spared to enjoy the fruits of his years of persevering toil, having a comfortable home. He died in 1844 at the age of sixty-si.\ years. He was a hard working man, full of energy and ambition, and was kind and accommodating to all, and lie is still favorably remembered by many of the old pioneers. Of his eleven children, si.x sons and five daughters, all have passed away but John, the subject of this sketch, and Truman who lives in Edgar County, Illinois. John Wright associates his earliest recollections of life with events in the pioneer days of Yermillion County. His educational advantages were limited, but contact with the world has enabled him to fully overcome the deficiencies of his youthful days. He was reared to the avocation of a farmer, and he has made farming his principal occupation through life, though the past si.x years he has lived retired from active life, I in Clinton, where he owns a good residence, and considerable city property, includin about a half interest in the Opera House block. Mr. Wright was united in marriage October 6, 1836, to .Miss Margaret Nickle, who was born in Pennsylvania in 1816, and was a daughter of James Nickle, one of the county's pioneer men. Of the six children born to them but three are living - Lucius H., of Clinton Township, was a soldier in the Eighteenth Indiana Infantry during the war; Mrs. Narcissus Payn, of Clinton Township, and John O., of Wichita, Kansas. Mr. and Mrs. Wright were pioneers of Jackson County, Iowa, locating there in 1838. One year later they removed to Galena, Illinois, where Mrs. Wright kept a boarding house two years, Mr. AVright being engaged in smelting and hauling lead ore. They then returned to Jackson County, Iowa, where Mr. Wright followed farming six years. Returning to Indiana with a little capital, he purchased eighty acres of land in Vigo County, and there resided thi-ce years, when he removed to Edgar County, Illinois, where his wife died. Mr. Wright was subsequently married to Miss -Mary Chunn, who was born in Clinton Township, Vermillion County, in 1827, a daughter of John T. Chunn, who was a Major in the war of 1812, in the Virginia Volunteers. To this union six children were born, all of whom are residing in Clinton Township or city. They are as follows - David, Mrs. Margaret Smith, a widow, Mrs. Naomi Hale, Mrs. Maria Van Dyne, Ulysses G. and William C. In 1858 Mr. Wright again returned to Vermillion County, since which time he has been a resident of Clinton Township, and during this time he has witnessed the marvelous growth and development of the county, in which he has done las full share. On settling in the county he bought 800 acres of land, and by his good management he added to his i-eal estate until he had 1,400 acres. He has given his children a good start in life, and yet owns about 700 acres, and all his property has been acquired by fair and honorable means. Mr. Wright is a member of the Masonic fraternitj'. In politics he was in early days a V/hig, an ardent supporter and admirer of Henry Clay, and since the organization of the Republican party lias voted that ticket.

fOHN McKEILL, deceased, formerly a resident of Perrysville, was born in Tuscarora Valley, Pennsylvania. After living for a time in Loudoun County, Virginia, and Frederick County, Maryland, he came, in November, 1836, with his family to Perrysville. While residing in Maryland he was regarded as one of the foremost citizens of Frederick County, filling many honorable positions in society. For many years he was justice of the peace, and so clear was his head in legal matters, and so impartial his judgments, that no appeal was ever taken from his docket. He was an intense antislavery man and an active member of the Maryland Colonization Society, the object of which organization was to colonize the colored people in Liberia, Africa. He was once offered the position of Probate Judge of Frederick County by the Governor and Council, - a life appointment, - but declined it, having determined to move West. He was well posted in Governmental matters. Was a prominent and useful member of the Methodist Episcopal church, well informed as to her policy and doctrines. After he came to Perrysville he purchased a lot for a churcli building, and was one of the leading spirits in the enterprise of erecting the church. He was united in marriage with Hannah Mayne, and they had a large family of children noted for their energy and industry. Mr. McNeiil's father, John McNeill, emigrated from Scotland previous to the Eevolutionary war, in whicli contest he Joined tlie patriot forces and remained with tliein to the end. In one engagement he was shot twice, and he bore his ho!K>raljle scars to the grave. During his term III' service he was promoted to the position of ehief baggage-mastei". He had married Miss -Me\'ey, a lady of Scotch decent, who had eliai'ge of the family while he was in the ai-iiiy.

^sON. GEORGE II. McNEILLof Perrys- ' I \ vilie, Indiana, son of John and Hannah %;| (Mayne) McNeill, was born in Middletown Valley, Frederick County, Maryland, February 22, 1818. His father was of Scotch descent, and his mother of German descent. His father was a prominent and highly res])ected citizen of Frederick Coirnty, Maryland, and while residing in that county held several offices of profit and honor. Born upon a farm, the subject of this sketch had only such opportunities as were oflTered in the country schools, taught principally during the winter seasons, and the use of a well selected general library, owned by his father, through which means he acquired a fair education, and formed a taste for general reading, whicli has followed him through life, and enabled him to become well posted in many branches of science and literature, ranking him among the able self-made men of the country. In the fall of 1836 he, with his fatlier's family, emigrated to the then far west, and located at Perrysville, on the Wabash River, in Vermillion County, Indiana, where his father died in 1843, and his mother in 1856, and where his only living brother, John R. McNeill, now resides, his other brother.

Judge C. F. McNeill, having recently died. To his honored parents, who were old style Methodists, and were members of that church almost from its first organization, the McNeill family are greatly indebted for whatsoever is good or honorable that may pertain to them. Mr. McNeill has resided in Perrysville ever since he came to this county and was always actively engage in some business. When young he read medicine extensively witii the view of entering into its practice, but concluded to go into the drug business and did so in 1845 which he has continued up to the present time and made it a decided success. He has always kept a complete assortment, and of the very best, and managed tiie business witir_ such care, and so tlioroughly trained his assistants, that during his fortytwo years in business, not a single accident has occurred from putting out wrong articles. In 1845 he married Rebecca Kinno}^ Beers, one of a family remarkable for their natural abilities, and noted as the best of cooks and housekeepers. The result of tiii.s marriage was three sons - Milton ]\[., William Kinney and George H. Milton M. McNeill reside? in tiie city of Danville, Illinois, is farming largely, and doing a successful hard-wood lumber business. He married Ruliama Russell Bell, daughter of Wm. M. Bell. William K. McNeill remained with his parents aiding in the home business and is now trustee of Iligiiland Township. George H. McNeill, Jr., died in his infancy. Mrs. McNeill took charge of the drug business in 1850 and ran it for ten years, managing it with ability, training her sons to the business, learning them habits of industry, and inculcating principles of honor and morality as only a mother can do. Her home is a model one where hosts of people have been kindly entertained. For fortj'-two years past she has been an active member of the Methodist

Episcopal church in Perrysville. Mr. McNeill has been county surveyor of Vermillion County, Indiana, was for a number of years, examiner of school teachers for the coimty, and has been a notary public continuously for over a quarter of a century. He, under order of court, has been a commissioner to divide real estate among the heirs of deceased persons often er tliau any person that has ever i-esided in the county. He was also enrolling officer for Highland Township, and always had mucli to do with public affairs and filled the various positions with credit and ability. In addition to the drug business lie and his son William K. McNeill are engaged in farming and stock-raising on tlieir farms near Perrysville. Mr. McNeill is a Republican and has been an active member of that party since its organization - is an unwavering believer in the truths of the Bible and in orthodox Christianity, as taught in the standard authorities of the Methodist Episcopal church. He was eminently loyal to the Government during the rebellion, and never became dispondent during its darkest days - expressing Ills views as he often did "that the Lord of Hosts was not dead and that the Devil did not reign - therefore the Government would finally triumph and the rebellion be put down." Mr. McNeill is outspoken in whatever views he may hold - is public spirited, charitable, liberal and kindly disposed but will not suffer his rights trampled upon. At the age of nearly seventy years, does as much work and pushes his business as energetically as when young.

fAVID W. BELL, an active and enterprising business man, is a native of Vermillion County, Indiana, born at Eugene, Deccmlier 20, 1856, a son of Tliomas W.

Bell, of Eugene, who was one of the early settlers here. David W. passed his boyhood at Eugene, receiving his education in the schools of this place. At the age of fourteen he went on a farm, where he farmed for three years. He went to Terre Haute in tlie spring of 1876 and was tliere engaged in tlie drug business until 1879, wlien he returned to Eugene where lie has since been engaged in the drug and general mercantile business. He is associated with William W. Hosford, and both being live business men, have established a good trade which is steadily increasing. Mr. Bell is the present accommodating postmaster at Eugene, having been appointed to this office in 1885, his commission bearing tlie date of April 27, 1885, and signed by Grover Cleveland.

IgENJAMIN HARRISON, one of the Wa% old and honored pioneers of Vermillion ^'" County, dates his birth February S, 1805, in Rockingham County, Virginia. His parents, William and Molly Harrison, were also natives of Rockingham County, his father being one of the prominent men vl' the county. He was also a Captain in tlie war of 1812. The subject of this sketcli grew to manhood in his native county, where he was reared to agricultural pursuits, whieli he made the principal avocation of his life. His education was limited to a few months attendance at the subscription schools of that early day. In 1825 he accompanied his parents to Ohio, they settling in Gallia County, but the following year he returned to Virginia, and was married in his native county to Miss Jane A. Bright, January 3, 1827. They were reared in the same neighborhood, and were playmates in early life. Siie was born in Rockingham County, tlie date of her birth being January 19, 1806. Tliirteen children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Harrison, of whom seven are living at the l)i-esent time - Mrs. Abbie Davidson, born in Virginia; Eobert, also a native of Virginia; Mile; Calvin; Charlotte, living with her lather; Franklin and Joseph. The remaining children died in early childhood, with the exception of Alexander, who died in 1876 at the age of thirty-seven years. Mr. Harrison continued to reside in Ilockingham County until October, 1832, when he came with his family to Vermillion County, and made his jiioneer home on Brouillet's Creek, where he bought a tract of 320 acres. After clearing some fifteen or twenty acres of this land he sold it, and in 1837 he removed to his present farm on section 19, Clinton Township, where he now owns about 500 acres of land, 200 acres being bottom land, and imexcelled in the county. April 2, 1887, he was bereaved by the death of his wife, who had shared with him the joys and sorrows of life for over sixty years. Mr. Harrison was reared a Democrat, but at the time of the Rebellion he stood firmly by the administration of President Lincoln, and since then has been one of the active Republicans of Vermillion County. Perhaps no man in Indiana has filled successively the office of magistrate as long as the subject of this sketch - a period of thirty-eight years. In 1842 he was elected justice of the peace, holding that office until 1880, when, on account of his advanced age, he refused a re-election. During his term of office he proved an efficient officer, and his decisions M'ere always wise and just. One fact in his official career speaks well for his wise judgment, that not two cases decided by him were appealed to the higher courts. During his long residence in the county he has gained the confidence and respect of the entire community, and made many warm fECATUR DOAVNING, of Clinton, is one of the representative men of Vermillion County. He was born in Clinton, Indiana, January 23, 1836, a son of Jonathan Downing, who was born in the State of Maryland June 12, 1806, and a grandson of William Downing, who settled near Columbus, Ohio, moved to Clinton, Indiana, in 1818, and died here March 7, 1822, aged forty-six years, his widow surviving until March 27, 1842. Jonathan Downing passed his youth principally in Ohio. In 1820, two years before the death of his father, he came to Clinton, Indiana, then strong, amljitious and of good habits, and sought employment among the pioneer farmers, but shortly after i-eaching manhood he commenced an active business career. In the employment of others as clerk he gained experience, and became the business partner of B. R. Whitcomb, in Sullivan County, and later he established himself in the grocery trade at Clinton. Some years later he was elected magistrate, and served efiiciently in that capacity, to the entire satisfaction of his constituents. In 1846 he removed to Newport, Vermillion County, where for a short time he kept a hotel, and also bought and shipped produce to New Orleans and other points. In 1848 he returned to Clinton, where he died in 1849. His widow, Mrs. Eliza (Hiatt) Downing, still survives, and makes her home with her son Decatur Downing, the subject of this sketch. She was born at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, September 6, 1815, a daughter of Robert Payton, who with his family moved to Kentucky when Mrs. Downing was quite yonng, and died at Covington not long afterward. Mrs. Payton with her iive children, of whom Mrs. Downing was the eldest, in 1827 moved to YeriTiillion County, where all died with the exception of Mrs. Downing and Mrs. Margaret Mitcliell, of Clinton. The mother was again married to James Booher, who died in 1845. She died in February, 1849, aged fifty-iive years. The two children born to her second marriage are deceased. Mrs. Downing was first married December 20, 1829, to Thomas J. Hiatt, who died March 3, 1834. She married Jonathan Downing December 20, 1884. Jonathan Mas twice married, taking for his first wife Miss E^e Hammond, who died October 23, 1828. She left at her death two children whose names are Mrs. Delilah Doty, now living in Madison County, and Mrs. Perie Charlton, who died at Tuscola, Illinois. Decatur Downing, whose name heads this sketch, has been all his life identified with Vermillion County, and has always taken an active interest in promoting any enterprise which tends toward its advancement. His educational advantages were limited to the common schools of the county, and of these he made good use, and in the broadest sense he may be called a self-made man. But thirteen years old when his father died lie was taken into the home of John Payton, his maternal uncle, with whom lie remained as an employe in his M-arehouse and mercantile establishment, until twenty-two years of age, and during this time he laid the Ibundation of his successful business career. When twenty-two years old he became a partner in his uncle's business at Toronto, Vermillion County, which business relation existed until 1873. Mr. Downing was married October 18, 1860, to Miss Matilda Eichardson, who was born in Clinton Township, Vermillion County, March 7. 1842, a daughter of William A.

Richardson. She died at Toronto November 30, 1873. Clearing his business relations with his uncle, Mr. Downing with his only surviving child, Sarah Eliza, who was born August 29, 1861, again established his residence in Clinton. He has lost two children: Frank, who died October 9, 1865, aged over three years, and Blanche, who died July 24, 1869, aged six months and thirteen days. Since returning to Clinton Mr. Downing has been one of the active business men of the place. In 1875 he became senior member of the firm of Downing & Nelson, dealers in produce and agricultural implements. In 1876 the firm was changed to Downing A: Hamilton, erecting a large warehouse to accommodate their increased trade. This firm continued until 1887, when Mr, Downing retired from the business. September 21, 188G, he married for his second wife Mrs. Saiah Sophia. (J aques) Ilaselett, a daughter of John and Mary (Vannest) Jaques, and a granddaughter of John Vannest, the first settler of Vermillion County. She was born near the pioneer home of her grandfather in Clinton Township, March 9, 1844. She was first married toAVilliam J. Haselett, who was born in Putnam County, Indiana, July 15, 1843, and to this union were born four children - Mallie B., Edith L., William J. and Emma G., the third child, who died aged two years. Besides his fine residence and other property in Clinton Mr. Downing owns three tarms in Clinton Township aggregating 570 acres. In politics he was identified witli the Republican party from its organization until within the past few years. In 1886 he was the candidate on the National Labor Reiorm party and endorsed by the Republican party for election to the Indiana General Assembly in his district comprising Sullivan, Vigo and Vermillion counties, and although having a plurality of 1,200 votes to overcome was defeated only by thirty votes, wliicli shows the esteem in which he is held among the men whom he has lived so long. He has served as commissioner of Vermillion County several years with honor to himself and to the satisfaction of his constituents.

irOMAS CUSIIMAN, depntj treasurer of Vermillion County, is one of the veteran officials of the county. He is a pioneer of the county, locating in Perrysville in January, 1836, where he resided until 1872, when he was elected auditor of the county, and moved to Newport, where he has since lived. He was born in Onondaga County, New York, October 15, 1814. His father, Seth.Cnshman, was born in the State of New York and was a direct descendant of Robert Cushman who came to America in the Mayflower in 1620. He was reared in his native State and there married Nancy Eunyau, a native of the same State, of English descent, her parents belonging to a prominent family in New England who later settled in New York. In the spring of 1818 Seth Cushman moved with his family to Sullivan County, Indiana. Immigrating West seventy years ago was a slow and tedious undertaking. Several fan)ilies accompanied Mr. Cushman, the party going by ox team to Olean, New York, when they constructed a flat-boat and floated down the Alleghany and Ohio rivers to Evans ville. Here they separated, each family going its own way. Mr. Cushman, bought a team at Evansville and went north to Princeton, where he spent the winter. The following spring he went to Sullivan County, and pre-empted forty acres of land which he began to improve. His family at that time consisted of eight children, their ages ranging from two to twenty years. Mr. Cushman did not live long to see his pioneer home develop and the country around it become improved. From the effect of exposure and the malarial character of the country he contracted disease which resulted in his death in the spring of 1821. He was reared a Quaker, and possessed that high moral and religious nature, characteristic of that sect. Honest and upright in all his dealings, he and his wife were worthy representatives of that brave pioneer element that is fast jmssing away. After the death of the father the family remained together and the boys continued the improvement of the farm and also added to it. In 1829, when fifteen years of acre, Thomas went to Vincennes and obtained employment in the store of Tomlinson & Eoss, where he remained five years. He then went to Perrysville, and engaged in general merchandising with George Uishop and E. D. Moff'att. In 1841 Mr. Eishop withdrew and the firm of Mofl^att & Cushman continued until Mr. Cushman's removal to Newport in 1872. Mr. Cushman was married in Perrysville, in 1847, to Susan E. Firth, a native of Kentucky, where her parents died when she was a child and she and a sister afterward had a home with Elijah Eoseberry and with him came to Vermillion County in 1844. Mrs. Cushman died in March, 1859, leaving five children, only one of whom is living - William J., now of Danville, Illinois. In 1862 Mr. Cushman married Mary A. Baxter, widow of Dr. John S. Baxter. She died in July, 1883, leaving a daughter, Carrie Glauton, now the wife of AYilliam L. Galloway, of Wichita, Kansas. Mr. Cushman began life poor and whatever success he has gained has been due to his own cft'orts. In early life he was a Whig, but since its organization has been allied to the Ecjiublican party. His first presidential vote was cast for General Harrison in 1840. There never fAMES A. ELDER, section 3, Ilelt Township, is a native of Brown Countj, Ohio, Lorn October 2, 1822, a son of Samuel and Marj (McCane) Elder, his father a native of Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, and his motlier of Ireland. His grandfather, Samuel Elder, was a native of Ireland, and came to America soon after his marriage. Samuel Elder, Jr., left his native State in 1816, and moved to Brown County, Ohio, where he lived until 1832, when he moved to Yermillion County, Indiana, and settled in Ilelt Township, where his wife died in 1852. In the summer of 1869 he went to New York to visit friends, and died there July 6, of that year. James A. Elder was reared on a farm in Vermillion County, and was educated in the log cabin schools. He has always devoted his attention to farming, and has been, as a result of economy and good management, successful, and now owns a ilne farm of 423 acres where he resides, and also 143 acres in Edgar County, Illinois. He makes a specialty of stock-raising, and has some very line graded varieties of both cattle and hogs. He takes pride in having his farm and stock equal to any in the county, and devotes his entire attention to improving his property. He takes an interest in the material welfare of the county, but prefers to leave the duties devolving on an officeholder to those who have such asjnrations, his time being taken up with his own private business, although he has servfed three years on the board of county commissioners. Mr. Elder was married April 1, 1852, to Euphamia Slieely, daughter of George

Sheely. She died the following August, and January 18, 1855, Mr. Elder married Mary, daughter of James Morgan. To them were born two children - George and Harriet. George married Mattie Tem])le, and is living in Ilelt Township; Harriet is the wife of Oscar Gibson, of Newport. IMrs. Elder died November 10, 1862. March 26, 1864, ISIr. Elder married Mrs. Julia A. Fisher, daughter of Eichard Dicken, who died December 13, 1875, leaving two children - Clara A., wife of Fisher McHoberts, and Samuel. February 1, 1877, Mr. Elder married Susan R., daughter of Adna Beach. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian church.

^^LDRIDGE HARLAN, farmer and stock- °\rfli raiser, section 17, Vermillion Township, ^^ is a native of Vermillion County, born November 30, 1840, a son of Cornelius C. and Martha (Tate) Harlan, natives of Tennessee, of English descent. His paternal ancestors came to America in an early day, four brothers coming together, two of them settling in Tennessee, one in North Carolina, and one in Kentucky. After his marriage, Cornelius Harlan came to Indiana and bought 200 acres of land in Vermillion County, and on this farm our subject was reared and early learned the lessons that have been of benefit to him since he commenced life for himself. When he started for himself he had $180, and from this beginning he has kept on until he is now one of the prosperous farmers of the township. His homestead contains 170 acres of valuable land, and his residence and farm buildings are comfortable and commodious. He has made a specialty of dealing in and raising stock, and has made a success of this enterprise. When his father located on his farm it was a tract of wild laml, and the improvements have all been made by him, and in all his labor he has been ably assisted by his estimable wife. Mr. Harlan was married in 1864, to Matilda Merriman, who was born in Vermillion Connty in 1838, a daughter of Manson P. and Anna (Campbell) Merriman. Mr. and Mrs. Harlan have fonr fhildren - Lanra, Calla, Thomas C. and Josie 15. Their two eldest daughters have taught several terms in this and Vigo counties, and are both successful and popular teachers. Tlie eldest daughter, Laura, will graduate in the State Normal in 1888. Mr. Harlan is a member of the Masonic fraternity. Lodge No. 209. In politics he is a Democrat.

fOIlN BRINDLEY, farmer and stockraiser, section 1), Vermillion Township, was born in Harrison County, Indiana, January 4, 1825, a son of George and Sarah (Blunk) Brindley, natives of Kentucky, of German descent, the fether born June 20, 1800, died in 1878, and the mother born in 1806, died March 3, 1867. The parents came with their family to Vermillion Coi;nty in 1828, and lived here the rest of their lives. They had a family of thirteen children, six of whom are living - Margaret, wife of Eev. Joshua Rogers, of Decatur; John; Andrew, of Perrysville; Eli, George, and Susanna, wife of Edward Brown. They were members of the United Brethren church, and were held in high esteem by all the old settlers who shared with them the hardships and pleasures of pioneer life. John Brindley was reared in Vermillion Township, and now owns 129 acres of its best land. AVlien he started in life for himself he was without means but by habits of industry he has acquired a good property. He was married September 3, 1846, to Sarah, daughter of

John and Julia A.(Breimer) Luellen, natives of Pennsylvania, of Welsh and German descent. Mr. and Mrs. Brindley have had five children, three of whom are living - Francis L. married Emma J. Eeeder, and has three children - Morris A., Eva A. and Lucy B., Thomas E. married Charity Ratliff; Alonzo married Lucy Merriman, and lives on the liome farm. In politics Mr. Brindley is a Democrat.

r^T jr KLVILLE B. CARTER, a prominent '. I, \/.\- of Newport, was born and ^|¥i^ reared in Highland Township, Vermillion Connty, a son of Absalom and Sidney (Chenoweth) Carter, who were among the pioneers of Vermillion County, coming from Ohio, their native State, in an early day. The father was a man of much intelligence, and became one of the leading men in the early history of the county. He taught school at Perrysville, this county, for many years, and also held the position of justice of the peace, for some time. He subsequently removed to Baltimore, Warren County, Indiana, where he lived a considerable time, but finally returned to Perrysville, where he died, when the subject of the sketch was a boy. His wife was a daughter of John Chenoweth, an early settler of Highland Township. She died in Perrysville in 1881. They were the parents of two children - Sylvanus, who was a soldier in the war of the Rebellion, a member of Company K, Sixth Indiana Cavalry, and died at Knoxville, Tennessee, in 1863; and Melville B., the subject of this sketch. Melville B. Carter was also a soldier in the late war, enlisting in 18G1 in Company B, Eleventh Indiana Infantry, and was in active service over four years. He was at the battle of Fort Donelsnn, and at the battle of

Shiloh under General Lew Wallace, and also took part in the battle of Champion Hills and siege of Vicksburg. He was then transferred east, and participated in the engagements at Winchester and Cedar Creek. He was mustered out of the service in August, 1865, having escaped without wounds, but returning home with his health somewhat impaired. Mr. Carter Avas united in marriage to Miss Fanny ]\Ioftalt, a daughter of AYalter B. Moffatt, of Perrjsville. She died in 1869, leaving at her death a daughter named Grace. After the war Mr. Carter engaged in farming in Highland Township, which he followed successfully until 1886. In the fall of that year he was elected, on the llepublican ticket, recorder of Vermillion County, as successor to C. S. Davis, who had tilled the oftice about nine year.s. Since assuming the duties of the office Mr. Carter has given entire satisfaction, making an efficient and popular county officer.

fRANCIS M. BISHOP of Clinton, was born in Sturbridge, Massachusetts, December 27, 1833, but since boyhood his life has been spent in Indiana, and since 1852 at Clinton. His father, Iliram Bishop, was born at Manchester, Connecticut, and early in life he was left an orphan. He was then adopted by Mr. Uriah Childs, and while in his teens was thrown upon his own resources. He learned the carpenter's trade wliicli he followed until M'ithin a few years of his death. He was married November 25, 1830, in Connecticut, to Miss Sabrina Chapman, and several children were born to them, among whom was Edwin C, who was killed at the battle of Cedar Creek, Virginia, while bravely carrying the colors of his regiment, the Eigiiteenth Indiana Volunteers;

Mrs. Sarah Vanuest, who died at home in 1868, leaving one son named Edwin; and Francis Marion, the subject of this sketch. Iliram Bishop came with his family to Clinton, Vermillion County, in 1852, to construct the wagon bridge across the Wabasli, which still stands as a monument to the mechanical skill of an early day. He purchased property in Clinton, and became a permanent citizen. He was an active, enterprising man, and did much toward building up the town, erecting a number of residences and public buildings. He was a member of the Odd Fellows order. He was a consistent Christian, and a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. He was a man of strong convictions, and great moral courage, and was among the few who early, fearlessly and openly espoused the cause of abolition, and waged war upon slavery. He died at his home in Clinton, March 12, 1875. His widow, Mrs. Sabrina Bishop, was born at Asliford, Connecticut, July 1, 1810, inheriting a strong New England constitution which has carried her through the many vicissitudes of life for seventy-seven years. Slie is still actively engaged in business at Clinton. She is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and is highly esteemed by all who know her. Francis M. Bishop, whose name heads this sketch, after reaching manhood, learned the marble cutter's trade at Terre Haute, and subsequently established marble works at Clinton, which he conducted until 1868, since which time he has been engaged in painting and decorating. He was married in 1858 to Miss Melinda Anderson, of Perrysville, this county, who died in February, 1871, leaving three children - Lucius O., now editor and proprietor of the Sat^brday Anjus&i Clinton; Edwin A., engaged in a mercantile establishment at Frankfort, Indiana, and Ella. Mr. Bishop was again united in marriage in Sepii teinber, 1875, taking for liis second wife Miss Jennie Iliglifill, of Newport, Vermillion County. Two children liave been born to bless this union, their names being Floj^, and Ethel. His second wife died at her home in Clinton, June 28, 1886.

fOIIN II. LINN, manager of the " Flour Exchange," Dana, Indiana, is a native of Ohio, born in Hocking County, October 9, 1843, a son of Adam Linn, who was born in Guernsey '^County, Ohio, his father, Josejjh Linn, being a pioneer of that county. John 11. was raised in his native State on a farm, remaining at home until after the breaking out of the Rebellion; when, at the age of eighteen he enlisted in Company I, Seventytifth Ohio Infantry. He served three years and nearly three months, and participated in several active engagements. During the time of service he was eighteen months in thecit^- of Baltimore, Maryland, on special detail, and finally discharged at Jacksonville, Florida. After his return from the war, he taught school ill Ohio for eight years, then came to Montezuma, Indiana, where he was employed for six years in the grain business by Col. E. M. Benson. While in Montezuma, he was assessor of Eeserve Township two years, and twice elected clerk of the Town Board. He moved to Dana in 1882, where he has since lived. He is a staunch Democrat, and noted for his unshrinking fidelity to the principles of sobriety, integrity, industry and economy. He is now president of the Town Board of Dana, and enjoys the honor of being its principal incorporator. Mr. Linn was married February 25, 1866, to Nancy J. Crawford. Four children have been born to them, two of whom are living - Carrie A. and Ealph W. Their eldest daughter, Alice M., died aged sixteen years, and Flora, their youngest daughter, at the early age of one year and one month. Mr. and Mrs. Linn are both members of the Methodist Episcopal church.

ILO .1. KUDY, of I'errysville, is a son of Jacob Rudy, who was a native ^%^^^ of Switzerland, and came to America when a boy with his father, Martin Rudy. Jacob was the eldest of four children. Ho was reared in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, where he learned the shoemaker's trade, and was married to Catherine Lilly. In the fall of 1833 he moved to Indiana, and the following year to Vermillion County, and settled in Highland Township, about a mile south of Perrysvil-le,' where for several years he worked at his trade, and the latter part of his life was engaged in farming. About 1812 he moved to Wisconsin, where his wife died soon after, and the family then returned to Vermillion County, and here the fatlier died in the fall of 1880. He was married the second time after his return to this county. To his first marriage were born four children, three sons and one daughter. Martin, who besides on the homestead, and Milo J. being the only surviving members of the family. Catherine and John died in childhood. Mr. Rudy was an industrious man, and although he was poor when he came to this county, he worked hard at his trade and with the money earned invested it in real estate, which advanced in value, and made him wealthy, enabling him to leave his sons considerable property. He possessed in a large degree that spirit of economy and energy cliaracteristic of the German people, and was a worthy, respected citizen. Milo J. Rudy was born in Vermillion County, Indiana, in 1840. He was married in 1869 to Miss Sophia S. Seas who was born in Y\oyd County, Indiana, a daughter of Samuel and Harriet Seas. Samuel Seas was born January 30, 1807, in Cumberland, Alleghany County, Maryland, and in 1832 moved to Illinois, and two years later to Vermillion County, Indiana, where he married Harriet English, December 21, 1834. Tliey afterward moved to Floyd County, and subsecjuently returned to Perrysville, and in 1868 went to Covington, Indiana, where Mr. Seas died in September, 1875. Mrs. Seas died January 31, 1880. She was born December 13, 1818. They had a family of six children, Mrs. Ivudy being the only one who lived till maturity. Mrs. Seas is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Seas is a worthy member of the Vermillion Lodge, Knights of Pythias, Ko. 113; also a member of the Unity Lodge, F. and A. M., No. 314.

fllOMAS W. EELL, tailor, Eugene, is a native of Pennsylvania, born March 31, 1825, his father, Thomas Bell, being a native of Ireland. The latter came to the United States with his widowed mother during the Eevolutionary war, his brother, John Bell, having served seven years in that memorable struggle. Thomas W., our subject, learned the tailor's trade at his birth- ])lace, and worked at it in various places in Pennsylvania. He went to Kew Middletown, Ohio, in 1849, but shortly after went to Darlington, thence to Beaver, Pennsylvania. From Beaver he removed to Vernon, Indiana, remaining there si.x months. He lived in ditlerent places in Indiana until September, 1850, since which time he has been a resident of Eugene. He was married in April, 1853, to Miss Melinda Bennett, a daughter of Craytun Bennett, and tlieir two sons, William and David \V., arc numbered among the entei-- prising young business men of Eugene. Mr. Bell was a soldier in the war of the Kebellion, serving eight months in Company E, One Hundred and Forty-ninth Indiana Infantry.

fOHN H. BOGART, M. D., of Clinton, and the oldest resident physician of Vermillion County, is a native of this county, born in Helt Township June 27, 1845, a son of Henry and Sarah I. (AYishard) Bogart, both of whom came to tlie coimty when young. The father of our subject died when the latter was six months old. The mother is now living in Clinton, where she has resided since 1850. She is now the widow of Benjamin F. Morey, whom she married about 1852. Dr. Bogart, our subject, is the only living child of his father. He commenced the study of medicine under Dr. I. B. Hedges in 1866 at Clinton, and in 1867-'68 he attended lectures at the Michigan State Uni\ersity at Ann Arbor, graduating from that institution in 1869, and the same year began the practice of medicine at Clinton, where he has gained a large and lucrative practice. Dr. Bogart M-as married May 14, 1872, to Miss Melissa A. Nebeker, who was also born in Helt Township, Vermillion County, in 1852, a daughter of Aquilla Kebeker. Both of her parents are deceased. They are the parents of two children - Paul and Zona. The doctor owns quite large interests in city property, besides two well improved farms, one beiiig the old Kebeker homestead in Helt Tovvnsliip. Dr. Bogart enlisted in the war of the Rebellion in November, 18G3, in Company C, One Hundred and Twenty-third Indiana Infantry, his regiment being assigned to tlie Twenty-third Army Corps under C4eneral Scholield. He subsequently joined Sher- man's army and was in the campaign against Atlanta. During the last year he was a hospital steward. In politics he is a ivepnblican, and from 1876 nntil 1880 he held the office of treasurer of Vermillion County, lie is a member of the Masonic fraternity, belonging to Jerusalem Lodge, No. 99, of Tcrre Haute Chapter, No. 11, and Commandery No. 16.

fOIlN O. IIOGEIIS, one of the enterprisinw farmers of Kelt Township, was born ^,^i in Vermillion Township, January 8, 1827, and has always lived within three miles of his birthplace. He was a son of John Rogers, who was a native of Ireland, and in 1789 accompanied his father, James Rogers, to the United States and located in Kentucky, and from there moved to Chillicothe, Ohio, where James Rogers built one of the first houses in the place. An uncle of our subject, Samuel Rogers, was captured by the Indians daring the Indian war in Kentucky, but escaped and took with him an Indian gun and shot-pouch and strap of an American officer which the Indians had taken from a soldiei'. The strap is now in the possession of our subject, who values it as an interesting heirloom. In 1821 John Rogers came to Vermillion County and settled on Kelt's Prairie, then a wild, nninhabited tract. John O. was born on the prairie, three miles northeast of Dana, and here he has spent his life. He was reared a farmer, and has made agriculture the vocation of his life. He now owns 400 acres of fine land, divided into three farms, the greater part of the land under cultivation. Mr. Rogers was married December 8, 1870, to Ruth Kerns, a daughter of William Kerns. She died in 1876 leaving two children - William and Irvin. In August, 1877, Mr. Rogers married Rebecca Ilutson, daughter of David Hutson. They have one daughter - Sarah. Mr. and Mrs. Rogers are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Rogers has ser tice of the peace sixteen years.

yitj\''l:v\f oi V ermuiion, auu me Oldest lega practitioner at Newport, is a native of Indiana, born in Hancock County, September 28, 1836. His father, George Rlioads, was born in the State of Pennsylvania, of German descent. He was married to Miss Sarah Geiger, and to them were born six children, all of wdiom are still living - Mrs. Eliza Young, a resident of. Putnam County, Indiana; Henry E. and William F., living at Waveland; George, a practicing physician at Shelby ville, Illinois; Baskin E., a prominent attorney at Terre Haute, and formerly judge of the Superior Court, and Martin G., the subject of this sketch. In the fall of 1835 the father came with his family, then consisting of wife and five children, to Indiana, making the journey in a one-horse wagon. The father then entered eighty acres of land in Hancock County, but soon after disposed of this purchase and removed to Parke County, where he remained about two years. He then settled at Waveland, Montgomery County, where he died June 20, 1875, at the age of seventy-six years. His widow, the mother of our subject, was born in 1797, and is now living with her son at Waveland. Martin G. Rhoads was educated at the academy at Waveland preparing for the junior class of the college, but owing to an affliction of his eyes he was prevented from taking the college course. For a considerable time he followed the teacher's profession, becoming a jjopular and very successful instructor. He began the study of law during the war of theliebellion, and was admitted to tlie bar at Newport, Indiana, in August, 1865, and since that time has been constantly engaged iu practice, and his career as a lawyer has been a successful one. lie began the practice of law with his brother, Judge Rlioads, with whom he was associated until about 1877. He is now a member of the firm of Rhoads & Aikman, this firm having been formed but recently. Mr. Ehoads was united iu marriage to Miss Fannie Mofi'att, a daughter of Robert D. Moffatt, of Perrysville, and they are the parents of two children - Paul Moifatt and Helen. Mr. Rhoads -was surveyor of Vermillion County for a term of two years. In politics he is a Republican and is a strongadherent and an able exponent of the principles of the party of his choice.

mOBERT BALLENTINE STOKES, a '^W^ worthy representative of one of the old '''^^ pioneer families of Vermillion Count}', was born in Franklin County, Ohio, the date of his birth being September 15, 1810. He is tlie only surviving sou of Matthew and llarminah Stokes, the father born June 27, 1774. Nathaniel Stokes, the grandfather of our subject, was a native of North Carolina, from which State he removed to Kentucky. Later he settled Avith his familj' at Columbia, near Cincinnati, Ohio, and during his residence at that place he and his son Matthewworked at Cincinnati. In 1791 when St. Clair was defeated l)y Indians at Fort Recovery, Ohio, Matthew Stokes assisted in burying the dead slain by the Indians. He was married in Ohio to llarminah Skidniore, a descendant of a proinineiit Kentucky family. They had a family of nine children, eight of whom grew to maturity and liad families of their own. Their daughter, Mrs. Mary Skidmore Winsett, of Edgar County, Illinois, who was born February 14, 1822, and Robert B., the subject 'of this sketch, are the only survivors of the family at the present writing. Soon after his marriage Matthew Stokes settled near Columbus in Franklin County, wliere he lived until 1820, when he started with his family for the Wabash. They went down the Scioto River to the Ohio, tiieuce to the mouth of the "Wabash and up the Wabash to Clinton. After living four years on Ilelt's Prairie the family settled two miles south of Newport, where the father made his home until liis death December 16, 1840. Hi,- wife was born January 1, 1779, and died in the year 1835. Robert Ballentine Stokes, whose name heads this sketch, was a lad of ten years when he came with his father's family to Vermillion County, where lie has since lived, a period of sixty-seven years. He was married January 31, 1833, to Miss Reljecca Wallace, a native of Virginia, and a daughter of William Wallace, one of tlu' early pioneers of Vermillion County, settling here in 1829. He was bereaved by the death of his wife November 25, 1874, after journeying down life's pathway together for fifty years. She was a consistent Christian, a member of the Methodist Episcopal cliurch, and was beloved by all who knew her. Of the six children born to them, one son, Robert Finley, is the only one living. He was born in Vermillion County, February 14, 1843, and is living on the old Iiomestead of his father. Isabella, vrife of John Stakley, died February 22, 1870; James W. was born January 1, 1841, and died February 10, 1867; and three died in infancy. Mr. Stokes entered a tract of eightj' acres in Vermillion Township, in 1832, and has succeeded well in his agricultural pursuits, and is now enjoying the fruits of his years of toil, surrounded with all the necessary comforts of life. During his residence here he has taken a deep interest in the welfare of his township, and no one in this section of the country is more highly respected than he. Although a member of no church, he has a great respect for religion. He has always been a great Bible reader and tries to live according to its precepts.

ffg^EZIN METZGER, of PerrysviUe, is a iWt representative of one of tlie early pio- ^"^^ neer families of Yermillion County, his father, Jonas Metzger, having settled here with his family as early as 1828. The father was a native" of Pennsylvania, born December 7, 1793. AVhen a young man he went to Ohio, and was married in that State December 24, 1818, to Miss Mary Craig, who was born in Ohio, June 4, 1803. They reared a family of twelve children, six sons and six daughters, to maturity, of whom six are still living - David H., the eldest son, now living in Kansas, was born OctoTier 13, 1819, was a soldier in the war of the Rebellion, serving three years in Company B, One Hundred and Thirteenth Illinois Infantry; Rezin, the subject of this sketch; Mrs. Sarah Ann Simpson, living in Dakota; Mrs. Indiann Glover, residing in Greene County, Missouri; Mrs. Ann Maria Runyon, of Vermillion County, Illinois, and Mrs, Martha Ann McKiljl)en, living in Florida. On coming to Vermillion County, Indiana, the family settled on the Big Vermillion River in Eugene Township, living on what is now known as the Shelby farm some live years. The father then bought a farm in Highland Township, about three miles north of Perrysville, where he lived with his family until 1865, when the infirmities of age compelled him to retire from active labor, and he purchased a home in Perrysville, where he lived until his death, which occurred February 29, 1872. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, serving under Captain Shelby, of Kentucky. He was reared to the avocation of a farmer, which he folloM-ed until he retired from active life. He was a man of strict integrity, esteemed by all for his honest, upright character, and left as an inheritance to his children a name of which they may well be proud. He was a man of strong religious principles, striving to do right at all times. In politics he was a "Whig in early life, but was identified with the Republican party from its organization. His widow still survives, and is living with her son, Eezin, at the advanced age of eightyfour years. Rezin Metzger, whose name heads this sketch, is a native of Vermillion County, Indiana, born in Highland Township, August 23, 1837, and has always made his home in his native county. He lived with his parents until his marriage, after which they made their home with him, and his mother, who is now rendered helpless by the infirmities of age, is his especial care, and he is happy in surrounding her with all the necessary comforts of life. In July, 1862, Mr. Metzger enlisted in the Seventy-first Indiana Infantry, and August 80, 1862, only about a month after he entered the service, he received a severe gun-shot wound in the right hip at the battle of Richmond, Kentucky. His injury rendered him unfit for further duty in the army, and he has never fully recovered from the effects of this wound. He was married December 31, 1868, to Miss Roxy F. Jones, a native of Crawfordsville, Indiana, and daughter of A. T. Jones, and to them have been born four children, named William, Grace, Daisy and Jonas. J\Ir. Metzger ever endeavors to follow the pre- cepts and example of liis father, who instilled into the minds of his children the principles of well doing. Politically Mr. Metzger is a Eepuhlican, casting his first Presidential vote in 1860 for Abraham Lincoln.

tLEXANDER KINDERMANN, a prominent and skillful physician and surgeon, residing at Eugene, was born December 5, 1858, in Eugene Township, this county, where the town of Ca^'uga now stands. His father, Gottfiied Kindermann, being a farmer, he was reared to the same avocation, and received his education in the common schools of Eugene. He read medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. W. C. Eichelberger, now of Terre Haute, Indiana, and February 21, 1883, he graduated from Rush Medical College, of Chicago, Illinois, standing at the head of his class. He took special courses in eye and ear, dental surgery and dermatology, and Avhile in college, and also after his graduation he practiced surgery with eminent success. He engaged in the practice of medicine in Eugene, March 14, 1883, and being well versed in the knoM'ledge of his chosen profession, he has succeeded in estaljlishing a large and lucrative practice. He is a member of the Alumni of Chicago. Gottfried Kindermann, the father of our subject, resides on section 18, Eugene Township, where he is engaged in farming and stockraising. He is a native of Prussia, Germany, born March 26, 1826, a son of Hohan Herman Kindermann. He was a soldier in the Prussian army three years and four months, serving through the French Revolution and the Danish war, and during that time sent the money he earned to his mother. He was married in his native country in 1855, to Miss Fredricka Heidbreider, and to them v/ere born six children, three still living - Hohan F., of Vermillion Township, married Lena Hahn; Alexander, our subject, and Samuel, married Sally Hahn and has one son named Gottfried. The father came to America in 1856, landing at ]^ew York City with but little means, and this was soon used for hotel and railroad accommodations. lie soon came to Vermillion County, Indiana, and settled in Eugene Township, where he has since made his home. When he landed in Eugene he was in debt to the amount of $54, and to-day he is the owner of a fine farm of 240 acres, which he has acquired by his own untiring industry and perseverance, and is classed among the successful and most respected citizens of his township. Roth he and his wife are members of the Lutheran church.

?i~|' M. DAVIS, a prominent; agriculturist JjT'L of Vermillion County, engaged in -^''^ farming, and raising and dealing in stock in Vermillion Township, is a representative of one of the old pioneer families of the county. He is a son ^of Benjamin and Ruth (Sears) Davis, his parents being of Scotch and German descent. They came to Vermillion County in 1834, where they made their home until death, the father dying in 1854 at the age of sixty-four years, and the mother in 1869, aged sixty-two years. They were the parents of twelve children, of whom only two are living - F. M. and Daniel. F. M. Davis is a native of Vermillion County, the date of his birth being February 10,1838. He was reared to the avocation of a farmer which he has made his life work. His educational advantages were very limited, but by close observation he acquired a good business education. He being the eldest son, the care and responsibility of his mother and her eleven children rested on him after his father's deatl), and for eighteen years he was the mainstay of the family. He was married in Vermillion County in 1871, to Miss Sarah E. Bennett, who was born on tlie farm where she now resides, October 9, 1851. Of the eight children born to this union only three are living - Martha, Ida and Noah. Five died in infancy. Mr. Davis commenced life a poor boy, entirely without capital, and his success has been due to his own efforts, and to-day he is classed among the prosperous men of his township. lie is now the owner of a line farm on section 9, Vermillion Township, containing 152 acres, beside which he owns 100 acres of land in another part of the county. Quiet in manners, and of industrious habits, upright and honorable in all his dealings he has gained the conildence and esteem of all who know him. In politics he afhliates with the Democratic party. He is a member of the United Brethren church.

^AMES S. liOGERS, an old settler of J'jj: A'crmillion County, was born in Frank- W" lin County, Ohio, July 26, 1813, a son of John Rogers, who was Ijorn in County Monaghan, Ireland, who came to America in 1789. In 1824 James S. came with his parents to Vermillion County, Indiana, and settled on lielt's Prairie, where he grew to manhood, his youth being spent in assisting his father improve a frontier farm. He learned the wagon-maker's trade when ayoitng man, at which he worked about eighteen years. In 1877 he moved to Dana,' where for ten years he has been an honored citizen. Fcbniarj5, 1835, he was married to Margaret Widlace, daughter of William Wallace, an early settler of Vermillion Township. Their only son, JohuW., is deceased. He married Sarah J. Carmack, daughter of Andrew Carmack, of Vermillion Township. Mrs. Rogers died in 1878. Mr. Rogers is a member of the Methodist Episcopal churcli.

fACOB ILES, one of the old and respected pioneers of Vermillion County, who is now deceased, was born in Rockingham County, Virginia, May 10, 1791, a son of Henry lies, who was a native of Germany. His father was a soldier in the United States service during the war of the Revolution. Jacob lies was a tailor by trade. He left his native State for Ohio, when a young man, and in the winter of 1820-'21, he located at Terre Haute, Indiana. He was married January 1, 1822, to Miss Hannah Stevenson, and to them were born six children, three of whom died in childhood. Those yet living are - Mrs. Martha J. Naylor, James B. and Jacob H. Mr. lies entered land in Vermillion County, Indiana, one mile north of Eugene at the first Government land sale here, and later he entered much land in Illinois. He removed with hisfamily to hisland near Eugene iu 1829, when Indians and wild animals were numerous, and here they experienced many of the vicissitudes of pioneer life. Mr. lies died July 29, 1863, his widow surviving until March 23, 1886. They were honored and respected people and beloved by all who knew them.

,ATTIIEW W. SCOTT, retired farmer, and now Residing in the city of ^ Clinton, Vermillion County, Indiana, has been identified with the interests of the county siuce October 12, 18'47, when he esniSTORT OF VERMILLION COUNTY.

tablished liis residence on sectfon 15, Clinton Township. He bought 160 acres of land wliich was covered with a heavy growth of timber and with his limited means the work of clearing and improving it depended upon his determination to succeed in spite of all obstacles, as time went he invested his earnings in land until he was the owner of 810 acres, nearly all of which is in one tract, and the most of it in cultivated fields or in pasture land, only about sixty acres being reserved for timber. A portion has been given to his children, but he still retains 485 acres, divided into three farms which are leased. He also has several residence lots in Clinton, three of which are improved and occupied by tenants. January 5, 1882, Mr. Scott moved to Clinton, and is now living on West street where he has a fine residence, and has settled down to enjoy the fruits of his many years of toil and hardship. Mr. Scott was born in Jefferson County, Indiana, February 17, 1823, a son of Joseph and Rebecca (Cruson) Scott, his father a native of Fleming County, Kentucky, born September 30, 1797, and his mother born near Manchester, Ohio. They wei-e married in Oliio, where the father had lived from the age of eleven years. The mother died at the age of forty-six years, the father surviving her many years and dying at the age of seventy-five years. To them were born nine children who lived till maturity, but five of whom are living - John, Joseph, Matthew W., Mary A. and Asenath. Matthew was the fifth of the family. He was reared to the vocation of a farmer, which he has followed through life, and by his industrious habits and met with good success. He has shipped considerable stock to Chicago, and also shipped some to Cincinnati and Indianapolis. He made two trips on the Mississippi River in the years of 1842-'43; and on October 11 and 12, 1846, he was in Chicago with horses for sale. He then walked from Chicago to Greeucastle, in three days. He remained at home until twenty years of age, when he went to Putnam County, Indiana, and remained three and a half years, when he moved to Vermillion County. Mr. Scott was married in Putnam County, March 10, 1847, to Miss Mary Mann, a native of that county, born July 9, 1829, a daughter of Levi Mann. To Mr. and Mrs. Scott have been born eight children, three sons and five daughters - Mrs. Elizabeth Mann, of Clinton; Mrs. Arabelle McClain, of Lawrence County, Missouri; Leonard D., of Vigo County, Indiana; Levi S., who lives on the old homestead on section 15, Clinton Township; Mrs. Hannah Moss, of Greene County, Indiana; Dollie; Matthew M., junior member of the firm Edwards & Scott, dealers in boots and shoes, Clinton, and deputy postmaster, and Gertrude, who is the youngest. Mr. Scott is a public-spirited man and takes an especial interest in the cause of education, giving his children the advantages of the best schools. In politics he afiiliates with the Democratic party. Ho and his wife are niembers of the Presbyterian church.

^TyREDERICK WALTER, a prominent ^ri and enterprising farmer of Clinton ''\^ Township, residing on section 17, was born near Worth, in Alsace, France, now a province of Germany, the date of his birth being November 13, 1834. His parents, Michael and Louisa Walter, were natives of Germany. When the subject of this sketch was a child of three years, they came to the United States, and made their home in Erie County, New York, ten miles eastof Buffalo, where they spent the rest of their lives, the father dying in his forty-ninth year in Jnly, 1844, and the mother dying in 1855, aged fifty-five years. Four of their children lived to maturity - Mrs. Magdalena Clonse, now residing in Kansas; Frederick, whose name heads this sketch; Jacob, who died at the home of our subject, in 1859, and Mrs. Louisa Taylor, living in Clinton Township. Frederick Walter was reared to agricultural pursuits, and has always followed the avocation of a fanner. He was married in Erie County, New York, in September, 1854, to Miss Sarah Kinsley, who was born in Germany September 15, 1836, but reared from childhood in the State of New York. Her parents embarked with their family for America in the year 1844, her mother dying on the voyage, and was buried in the ocean. Her father settled in New York State where he was again married. He died in Erie County, that State, in 1860, leaving his children to the care of their step-mother. Of the ten children born to Mr. and Mrs. Walter seven are living - Mrs. Louisa S. Foltz, Charles F., John F., George W., EfRe E., Julia and Richard. The younger children aic at home with their parents, and none live far from the parental roof. The children deceased are William, who died aged one year and ten months; Cora, aged nine years, and a daughter who died in infancy. John F. has been blind since seven years of age, and is now a vigorous man. He is successfully engaged in the manufacture of brooms, and has his workshop near his father's house, and few men are more skilled in their work or better able to go about the country, buying material or selling their wares. Mr. Walter came with his family to Vermillion County, Indiana, in the spring of 1857, and April 14 of the same year settled on the land which they now occupy, the jjlace being one of tlie early pioneer homes of the county, formerly owned and occupied by Judge Cliarles Porter. Mr. Walter also brought with him to the county his youngest brother and sister, for whom he cared after their mother's death until they reached maturity. When Mr. Walter settled on his homestead, tlie property having been so long neglected and unoccupied, was almost in a state of its natural wildness. His capital then consisted of $350, with which he purchased forty acres of his land, which he at once began to clear and improve, having no stock or team to assist him in the work. With the aid of his excellent wife, and by his own industry and energy, combined with habits of economy, he has acquired a good property, his homestead of 130 acres being now one of the finest and best cared for farms in this part of Clinton Township. Both himself and wife are members of the Methodist church, and among the res])ected citizens of Clinton Township. In politics he is an ardent Kepublican.

fAMES C. SAWYER, one of the leading lawyers of Vermillion County, and a member of the law firm of Conley & Sawyer, of Newport, is a native of Indiana, born in Hendricks County, Sejitember 8, 1848. When he was quite young his father, John Sawyer, died, and at the age of sixteen years he began life for himself, working on a farm during the summer months, and in the winters attending school. Being thrown upon his own resources at an early age, and desirous of obtaining an education with but little opportunity for instruction, he early acquired habits of industry and persevering energy. At the age of eighteen years, by studiously improving such opportunities as were attainable, he had qualified himself to teacii a country school, and for some time folhiwed tlie vocation of a teaclier, studying as opportunity afforded. He studied law principally without a preceptor, and whatever success he lias attained has been due to his own efforts. lie was admitted to the bar of Vermillion County at Newport, in 1876, and immediately entered upon his legal career. He practiced alone about one year, and was then associated with C. Ward for two years. He then practiced alone for several years when tiie firm of Sawyer & Gibson was formed which continued about two and a half years. Tlie tirm of Conley & Sawyer was formed in November, 1886. Mr. Sawyer was united in marriage to Miss Amanda Duncan, a native of Hendricks County, Indiana, who came to Vermillion County in 1877. Their only son, Herbert, was born in Newport. In politics Mr. Sawyer affiliates with the Democratic party.