Vigo County, Indiana - Chapter 19: Terre Haute As a Modern Business City, 1908 (part 2 of 2)

^Ir. Lamb is a native of Terre Haute, born on the 26th of December, 1852, and is the son of Michael and Catherine (McGovern) Lamb, both of whom were born in Ireland. The father came to America when a youth of si.xteen years, and in 1835 became a resident of Terre Haute, where he resided until his death, in 1874. This also has been the home city of the son, where he received his education and where he has won his honors and his present eminence. On July 2, 1890, Mr. Lamb was- united in marriage with Esther, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Kent, and a resident of Terre Haute since childhood. Their son, John Kent Lamb, was born April 11, 1902, and is an only child.

Judge John T. Scott, who at the time of his elevation to the supreme bench of Indiana was the youngest member of the court of appeals was numbered among those whose prominence and distinction has been worthily won and whose honors were well crowned. Throughout his entire life he held to high ideals, both for himself and the community where he lived, and made marked progress toward their attainment. He was born in Glasgow, Kentucky, May 6, 1831, and there remained until the I2th of February, 1846, when he left his native town and went to Burksville, Kentucky, on the Cumberland river, accomplishing the journey, a distance of forty miles, on foot. He was entirely without means, but he was a keen observer of men and events, and from his observations drew logical and philosophical deductions. He saw that others succeeded by reason of indefatigable energ\' and firm determination, and he resolved that he would also gain advancement in the same way. At Burksville he bound himself out for a five years" term to learn the trade of saddle and harness making, and while thus engaged he improved his evening hours by attending a school or class taught by William Sampson, who later became a judge of the Kentucky court of appeals. At this school Mr. Scott became versed in Latin and other branches, and the knowledge thus acquired proved of indomitable value to him in his later professional career. It naturally followed that a young man who would work at the harness bench all day and attend school in the evening won the admiration and thorough respect of many with whom he came in contact, who thus recognize his elemental strength of character and his latent possibilities. As the years passed he eagerly embraced every opportunity for advancement, and on the 27th of December, 1850, he started for Franklin College, an industrial institution near Nashville, Tennessee, where he remained for two years, working at his trade and pursuing his studies. He applied himself so diligently and manifested such aptitude in his college work that he stood at the head of his class, and as the years passed he showed that he had not only a receptive but also a retentive mind.

His college course being completed, Judge Scott returned to Glasgow. Kentucky, and took up the study of law, but lack of means prevented him from completing his reading at that time. His exhausted capital made it necessary that he take up some work that would bring immediate financial return and in the spring of 1853, therefore, he engaged with a corps of civil engineers as chainman. A week later he was promoted to the transit, and under the direction of the assistant engineer made the surveys for the Nashville & Cincinnati Railroad. One strong characteristic of his life was the thoroughness with which he accomplished every task that devolved upon him. In 1853 he came to Indiana and obtained a position as rodman on the Indiana & Illinois Railroad, and after the surveys were completed he was put in charge of a portion of the work and continued on the road until the fall of 1835.

engaged in teaching' school and also read law until the spring of 1856, when he opened an office and began the practice of his profession in Montezuma. He was elected district attorney in i860, and the prompt and efficient discharge of his duties received endorsement in a re-election in 1862. In the latter year he removed to Terre Haute, where he continued in the practice of law and soon took rank among the leaders of the Vigo county bar. His advancement was continuous, for he made steady progress in his profession, continuing his reading and research of law luitil his knowledge was most comprehensive, exhaustive and accurate. In 1868 he was elected judge of the court of common pleas, and was again chosen to that bench in 1872. The following year, however, the court of common pleas was abolished and Judge Scott again took up the active practice of his profession before the courts. Higher judicial honors awaited him, however, for in December, 1879, he was appointed by Governor Williams to the supreme bench of Indiana to fill a vacancy caused by the death of Judge S. E. Perkins. He at once took his seat, and during his incumbency was the youngest member of that august body. He, however, proved himself the peer of any who have sat upon the bench in the court of last resort, his decisions indicating strong mentality, careful analysis, a thorough knowledge of the law and an unbiased judgment. The judge on the bench fails more frequently perhaps from a deficiency in that broad-mindedness which not only comprehends the details of a situation quickly and that insures a complete self-control under even the most exasperating conditions, than from any other cause : and the judge who makes a success in the discharge of his multitudinous delicate duties is a man of well rounded character, finely balanced mind and of strong intellectual attainments. That Judge Scott was regarded as such a jurist was a uniformly accepted fact. His term on the supreme bench terminated January i, 1881. and from that time until his death, which occurred December 29, 1891, he successfully practiced his profession in Terre Haute.

Taking into consideration the difficulties Judge Scott surmounted in attaining high position and influence at the bar, he was entitled to rank among the most prominent of the self-made men. In ability he had few superiors in Indiana. His legal acumen was of a high order, his address pleasing and his delivery eflrective. His literary taste gave him a decided advantage in his profession by furnishing him scope for illustration and relieving his speeches from the dryness of the mere case lawyer. He took a deep interest in the development of Terre Haute and stood at all times for a progressive citizenship. It was chiefly due to his exertions that the Terre Hatlte Street Railway Company was organized in 1866 and commenced operations in 1867. In 1875 ^^ was appointed a member of the board of trustees of the Indiana State Normal and held that posi- tion until he went on the supreme hench in 1879. While a member of the board he acted as its secretary. From 1873 he took a helpful interest in Democratic politics and in 1876 was a member of the state central committee, and also of the executive committee, becoming a leading spirit in the conduct of the memorable presidential campaign of that year. His identification with Alasonry dated from 1854, and he attained high rank in the order.

On the 7th of July, 1855, Judge Scott was married in Edgar county, Illinois, to Miss Rebecca Ellen Jones, a daughter of Richard Y. and Nancy (Cunningham) Jones, who was born in Edgar county, Illinois, November 18. 1827, and is still residing in Terre Haute. Five children are now living: Sarah, Eugenie, Charles Edgar, George Addison and Annie Gertrude, who married Kirby C. Meyers, of Brookfield, Indiana. Such in brief is the life history of one whose record was at all times commendable and worthy of emulation. Possessed of a strength of character which prompted him to earnest eflfort and unfaltering activity, he made for himself a position of distinction and carved his name high on the keystone of the legal arch. His professional learning, his analytical mind, the readiness with which he grasped the points in argument all combined to make him a capable jurist and the public and the jirofession acknowledged him tlie peer of many of the able lawyers of Indiana.

Charles E. Scott. - .\lmost every line of business finds its representatives in the enterprising and growing city of Terre Haute. Charles E. Scott, well known here as a successful architect, was born in Montezuma, Indiana, September 8, i860, a son of the late Judge John T. Scott. He was educated in the common schools of Terre Haute and was graduated from the high school with the class of 1880. He further continued his studies and prepared for life's practical and responsible duties by attending the Rose Polytechnic Institute, of Terre Haute, from which he was graduated in 1886, pursuing the regular and mechanical engineering courses. He then made his way to the far west and in California accepted a position as an architectural draftsman with the Coronado Beach Company, at San Diego. He spent over a year there, going then to San Francisco and other coast points, working at architectural drafting. In 1892, however, he returned from the Golden state to his Terre Haute home, where he has since successfully followed his profession. His skill and ability in this direction have gained him more than local distinction and he now has a liberal patronage, while the evidences of his skill in his chosen calling are seen in many of the finest structures of the city.

David C. Greixer. - In a history of those who have been factors in business and pubHc Hfe of Terre Haute mention should be made of David C. Greiner, who at different times was associated with its commercial and industrial interests and with oiificial service here." His worth as a citizen and individual was widely acknowledged, and his memory is yet cherished in the hearts of many wdio knew him. He was born in Fairfield, Greene county, Ohio, November 9, 1844. His parents were Jacob and Elizabeth (Weldy) Greiner, the former a native of Virginia, and the latter of Maryland. The Greiner family, however, is of German lineage and was founded in America in colonial days by the grandfather of our subject, who was a Revolutionary soldier, aiding in the struggle for independence. The marriage of Jacob Greiner and Elizabeth Weldy was celebrated in Ohio and later they removed to Indiana, w'here he became owner of, and improved a large farm, which is now a portion of the site of the city of Fort Wayne. He afterward returned to Fairfield, (Jhio, where both he and his wife passed away. In early life he learned and followed the blacksmith's trade, but throughout the greater part of his life carried on general agricutural pursuits. Unto him and his wife were born two sons and three daughters who reached adult age.

David C. Greiner was reared upon the old homestead farm and acquired a common school education. He was about ready to enter college in preparation for a legal profession when the Civil war broke out and changed his plans. Feeling that his first duty was to his country, he put aside all other considerations and on the i6th of September, 1861, enlisted as a private of Company FI, Si.xteenth Regiment of Ohio X'olunteers. He was afterward transferred to Company E, of the Forty-fourth Ohio \'olunteer Infantry, and when his three years' term had expired was honorably discharged in November, i86'4. He joined- the Grand .-Krmy of the Republic Alay 13. 1879, and was ever deeply interested in military affairs, and especially in the welfare of his comrades who wore the blue. He made a splendid record as a soldier and served as color sergeant of his regiment.

When the war closed Mr. Greiner returned to Fairfield, Ohio, and soon after married Miss Isabelle Cummings. He then made further preparation for having a home of his own by purchasing a tract of land near Clinton, Indiana, but followed farming for a brief period. His wife died in 1865, only a few months after their marriage, and a little later Mr. Greiner removed to Indianapolis, Indiana, where he was engaged in business for a year. In 1868 he was again married, his second union being with Miss Mary E. Baur, a daughter of the late Jacob J. Baur. He soon afterward entered the dry goods business in Terre Haute, forming a partnership with Samuel Forest, which relation continued for four years.

He was then alone in business for six years, after which he was joined by John Paddock in the conduct of a shoe store, which they carried on for several years. In all his commercial pursuits Mr. Greiner was enterprising and progressive and the success he achieved was due to his close applica- , tion, his sound judgment and his progressive methods.

While engaged in the shoe trade he became Republican candidate for county clerk, but failed of election by a few votes, although he ran ahead of the party ticket. Selling out his shoe business, he was for three years engaged in the manufacture of hominy, but the enterprise did not prove profitable. He then took up the manufacture of shoes, which business brought to him a good financial return and subsequently he removed the factory to Vincennes, Indiana. There he was joined by his sons, who relieved him of the management of the business, so that he was not afterward connected with its active control, although he retained his financial interest therein. He had been appointed by President Harrison to the position of postmaster of Terre Haute and served for four years. Just before the expiration of his term, in 1903, he suffered a stroke of apoplexy and his health was greatly impaired. About this time the Democrats offered him a good sum of money if he would resign his position as postmaster. This was before the days of the civil service law and President Qeveland was then the nation's chief executive. Had Mr. Greiner resigned a Democrat would have been appointed and would have held over during the Republican administration. He refused to do this, however, and remained as postmaster until the expiration of his term. After his retirement from the office his health gradually failed until death came on the 26th of April, 1899.

Mr. Greiner was a Knight Templar Mason and a prominent representative of the craft, exemplifying in his life its beneficent spirit. He belonged to the Centenary Methodist Episcopal church and his life was in harmony with his professions. In his business career he made steady progress and although all days were not equally bright his close application, untiring industry and the lessons which he gleaned from experience enabled him to win ultimate success. He never faltered in a course which he believed to be right and year by year the circle of his friends increased as the circle of his acquaintances widened. In public office he was loyal to the trust reposed in him and throughout his life he manifested many sterling traits which made his record one well worthy of emulation. When death claimed him a feeling of deepest sorrow was manifest throughout Terre Haute, where he had long been known as a man worthy the confidence and good will of all with whom he was associated.

Peter J. Rvan. - For more than a half century Peter J. Ryan was a resident of Terre Haute, and his worth as a citizen and business man was uniformly acknowledged. He was born in Ireland, February 18, 1844, and was but seven years of age when his parents started for the new world, but the mother died during the process of the voyage and the father passed away shortly after their arrival in America. Thus left an orphan, the son was sent to the home of an aunt in Dayton, Ohio, and his early education was acquired through the medium of the district schools. Leaving home to make his own wa\' in the world, he came to Terre Haute in 1856 and remained a resident of that city until called from this life. On his arrival here he worked as an apprentice in a harness shop, but left his trade to enter the army. He was but seventeen years of age when he enlisted in Company I, Eleventh Regiment. Indiana A'olunteer Infantry, in defense of the Union, and though young he rendered valiant service, again and again demonstrating his loyalty upon southern battlefields, and was offered command of his company. He declined the proffered honor, however, feeling it would be better for the company if one older in years should assume authority, and thus he served through the war as a private, several times distinguishing himself by his bravery. General Sheridan witnessed this act of bravery. During the engagement at \\'inchester, September 19, 1864, he donned a Confederate uniform and got mixed with Confederate stragglers, and finding himself with thirteen of them, said, "Boys, let's give them another volley." The "rebs" fired and then he revealed himself to them and marched them to the Union headquarters as prisoners of war. and for this act of gallantry was awarded a medal by the government. It was in the same engagement that he rescued a comrade who had been captured.

With a most creditable military record he returned to Terre Haute, where he afterward engaged in business as a manufacturer of and dealer in harness. He conducted this enterprise until 1875. when he sold out and turned his attention to the livery business, while later he became a funeral director. He prospered for some years, but owing to ill health was not engaged in active business for several years prior to his demise, his son Frank succeeding him in the management of the business. He had admitted this son to a partnership in 1899. and in 1903 his son Charles also became interested as a partner. Just a short time before the father's death the business was incorporated, with Peter J. Ryan as president, although he took no active part in the control of its interests.

May 28, 1868, Air. Ryan was united in marriage with Miss Mary E. Maloney. who, with the following children, survives him: Frank M., Charles P., Gertrude and Blanche. As stated, the sons are carrying on the business established by the father and the daughters are at home.

Mr. Ryan was a Catholic in religious faith and fraternally was connected with the Knights of Columbus. His entire business career was most creditable and he deserved high commendation from the fact that, starting out on his own account when but a young boy, he early realized what is valuable in the upbuilding of character and in the achievement of success. His labors were so directed that he won not only prosperity but an honored name, and when he was called to his final rest January 8, 1908, at the age of sixty-three years, eleven months and nineteen days, his demise was deeply regretted throughout Terre- Haute, where he had so long resided and where he had won many warm friends.

J. Smith Tallev. - During many years Mr. J. Smith Talley has been prominently connected with the coal industry of this part of the state and is now the president and general manager of the Coal Bluflf Mining Company. (See history elsewhere). He is a native son of the state of Delaware, born at Wilmington on the 23d of May, 1840, to George and Levina ( Beeson 1 Talley, who are of English descent. George W. Talley was a prominent farmer and stock dealer. He died in Wilmington, Delaware, in 1888.

The early years of the life of J. Smith Talley were spent on a farm, receiving, in the meantime, an excellent education, and for two years he was engaged in teaching. In 1862 he enlisted as a private in the First Independent Battery Delaware Light Artillery, and served with his command until the close of the war in 1865. Mr. Talley was made its first sergeant si.x months later and was mustered out with the rank of second lieutenant, having served in that capacity for si.x months.

The battery was first located near Fortress Monroe and Norfolk. During the riots in New York the battery was transferred to that city, where they did service for some time. In 1863 they were sent to New Orleans, and participated in the Red River campaign, participating in nineteen engagements. They were transferred to the Division of Arkansas, and at the close of the war were camped at Duval Bluff. He received his final muster out at Wilmington, Delaware.

After returning from the war he resvuned his educational labors in Illinois eight months, but in time drifted into a business life, and in 1867 was made secretary of the Litchfield, Illinois, Coal Company. In 1875 he became one of the owners and the secretary of the Coal Blufl Mining Company, of Vigo county, and just ten years later, in 1885. was made president and general manager of the company. He is also president of the Chicago and Indiana Block Coal Company of Clay county, Indiana. Mr. Talley is also largely interested in the Coal Creek Coal Company, that owns the large tracts of coal land in Vigo

In Wilmington. Delaware, in 1867, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Tallev and Mary E. Beeson. a lady of English descent. Their four children are: George E.. Homer B., Xellie M. and Walter B. They lost one son, Howard Cookman, at the age of five years.

^Ir. Talley is a director of the Terre Haute Savings Pjank. director in the Shirley Hill Coal Company and has served as president of the Indiana Bituminous Coal tJperators' Association.

]\Ir. Talley has taken an active part in the upbuilding of the Young Men's Christian Association and has been for a number of years its president, giving liberally of both his time and money.

His son. George E., is assistant manager of the Coal Bluff Mining Company. Homer B. is secretary and general sales agent of the company, and Walter W., assistant general sales agent, all of whom are very active in the development of their coal interests.

His father. Rev. Peter Duncan, being a Methodist minister in a very remote rural district, and of frail health, felt the need of a more favorable environment in which to meet the responsibilities of supporting and rearing a large family. He therefore abandoned his Kentucky home when James was fourteen years of age and moved to Mattoon. Illinois. His ill health and slender means made it necessary for his sons to begin the struggle of life very early and with little or no school advantages.

James inherited from his parents many of their sturdy traits of character which ha\-e always adorned the Scotch ancestrv to which the name Duncan belongs.

Little wonder, then, that he found it impossible even at the beginning of his career to be contented under restraint or supervision. He must be his own master and responsive only to his own orders.

Hence his first business undertaking, that of a news stand in the depot hotel at ^lattoon, Illinois, known then, as now. as the Essex House, was entirely independent of suggestion or assistance from any source.

The excitement incident to the Civil war naturally made a news stand so well located and conducted a center of great interest, which the yotmg proprietor was quick to recognize. He improved the many opportunities to serve those patrons promptly and well whose intense in-

In a short time he had accumulated enough money to engage in the retail grocery business on his own account ; which was the beginning of his later commercial success.

To them were born three daughters and one son, all of whom are still living, viz. : ]\Irs. Virgil E. Ferryman, of Atlanta, Georgia ; Miss Ida B. Duncan and Mrs. John B. Aikman, of Terre Haute, and Charles E. Duncan, of Chicago.

The grocery business thus started in such a modest way, quickly developed under his careful and energetic management to larger proportions until he found himself almost imperceptibly, and certainly without any definite plan in that direction, at the head of a rather pretentious wholesale business, dealing in wrapping papers, stationery, notions, hides, scrap iron and all kinds of old material.

He had wisely surrounded himself with competent, ambitious voung men, who brought to the business enthusiasm and ability, and who remained with him until his death. Conspicuous among these were Thomas R. Clegg and J. Frank Kingsolver, of Mattoon, who are still identified with the business he left, and William E. Wilson, who died in January, 1906.

The expansion of his business made it necessary, in the spring of 1882, to locate in a larger center, and after careful consideration he moved to Terre Haute, at which time his business interests were divided ; the paper and stationery business thereafter being conducted under the firm name of J. R. Duncan & Company, and that of hides and old materials under the firm name of Duncan & Kingsolver.

In 1889 he received into partnership with him his son-in-law, Mr. John B. Aikman, in the paper and stationery business, who succeeded to the management of all his business enterprises at his death.

Mr. Duncan was distinctly a self-made man; and while he enjoyed no educational advantages in the way of schooling, yet through diligent efforts on his own part patiently exerted in the face of great obstacles, with ill health continually harassing him throughout his life, he became an exceptionally well educated man. His was a great mentality, capable only of looking at things in a large way. His capacity for taking a comprehensive view of a given set of conditions and quickly selecting therefrom the important essentials was unusual in the extreme.

He was guided solely by the highest principles of ethics. He lived in an atmosphere of purest honor. Any compromise with such was utterly foreign to his nature. His tastes were modest in the extreme, and he found his highest pleasure in devotion to his family and those intimately associated with him in his dailv life.

Xo one came in contact with him without being impressed with his sincerity and nobility of character. ^^'hiIe his life was simple and unostentatious, it was nevertheless far-reaching in its influence for the betterment of conditions and individuals around him.

He left an impression on the minds and characters of those who knew him well which will never be effaced, and which ennobles those who enjoyed the favor of his intimate acquaintance.

John B.vrr .\ikm.\.\, one of Terre Haute's most prominent citizens and business men. is a native of \\'ashington. Daviess countv. Indiana, born July 15, 1866. He is the son of the late Dr. A\'illiam C. .\ikman. who was also a native of Washington, born in 1843, ^"d was in the practice of medicine at Washington until his death in 1872. The grandfather was John Barr .\ikman. who was a native of Daviess county, Indiana, the son of John, a pioneer of the county, he coming from Kentuckv at a very early date in the history of Indiana. The Aikman family has had much to do with the settlement and development of Indiana - especially of Daviess and \'ermilion counties. The mother of our subject was before marriage, Lydia \'an Trees. She was born in Washington. Indiana, the daughter of Colonel John \"an Trees, who was a native of Cincinnati, was an early settler of Washington, and was a fine old-fashioned country gentleman. Mrs. Aikman is still living in Washington, being now in her sixty-first year. To Dr. .Aikman and wife the following children were born: I. Dene - married William L. Hallpike. now of Cincinnati. 2. Jene - married Charles G. Gardiner, now of Washington, Indiana. 3. John Barr. John B. Aikman was graduated from the Washington high school in May, 1883. and that fall entered Rose Polytechnic Institute, at Terre Haute, as a member of the first freshman class that entered the institute to take the first full course, and in June, 1887, he was graduated as mechanical engineer. He then went to Colorado and entered the service of the Colorado Midland Railroad Company as cashier. While holding that position he returned to Terre Haute, and on December 5, 1888, was married to Flora Lee, the daughter of the late James R. Duncan, of Terre Haute. Mr. Aikman returned immediately to Colorado, but a short time later resigned his position with the Colorado Midland Railroad and re- turned to this city and entered the firm of J. R. Duncan & Company, wholesale paper dealers, as a partner, and so continued, assisting in the management of that large business until the death of Mr. Duncan, on November lo, 1903, when he assumed the full management, under the will, and also became administrator of the estate. He dosed up the estate within the statutory limit of one year, and then the business was incorporated under the name of the J. R. Duncan Paper and Stationery Company, with Mr. Aikman as president, treasurer and general manager. Mr. Duncan also owned another business under the title of Duncan and Kingsolver, dealers in hides and scrap iron, with branches at Decatur and Mattoon, Illinois, of which Mr. Aikman is now the manager. The business of the J. R- Duncan Paper and Stationery Company was founded by Mr. Duncan in Mattoon, Illinois, in 1871, and in 1882 was removed to Terra Haute. The first location of the firm was in the Heminway Block on Wabash avenue. Two years later it was removed to the McKeen Block, where it occupied two store rooms. There the company remained until 1907, when the wholesale department was removed to the corner of Second and Ohio, and the retail to Ohio, between Sixth and Seventh streets. The house is one of the largest in its line in the West.

Mr. Aikman has been very active in business circles in Terre Haute, and has won a reputation for ability along his lines of endeavor second to no other man of his years in the city. In 1890 he conceived and suggested the organization of the Young Business Men's Club. He saw that the older business houses of the city were fast falling into the management of young men and that a new element was fast coming into the city and that there was need of bringing all these elements together. His idea received a cordial welcome at the hands of all the leading young business men, and the result was the organization of what is one of the strongest clubs in the city - one that is doing wonders for the growth of the city, its business and public improvements. Mr. Aikman declined the honor of being the club's first president, but in igo8 was unanimously chosen to head the club. Mr. Aikman has always taken a deep interest in the affairs of his alma mater, the Rose Polytechnic Institute, and for fifteen years was secretary and treasurer of the Alumni Association. In 1900 he was elected a life member of the board of trustees of the Rose Polytechnic Institute, being the first graduate of the institute so honored. Mr. Aikman is a member of the Commercial Club, of the Country Oub, and of the Terre Haute Lodge of Elks,

To Mr. and Mrs. Aikman one son has been born, Harold Duncan Aikman, born September 27, 1889. He was educated in the city and high schools, prepared for college at Phillips-Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, where he graduated in June, 1907, and is now a member of the class of 191 1, academic department of Yale,

Ernest L. Reiman, deceased, was one of the pioneer German citizens and leading business men of Terre Haute, wiiose memory is yet cherished by many friends who knew and cherished him in life. A native of Germany, he was born at Frankfort-on-the-Oder, March 9, 1820, and came to America in the year 1850. In his native country he acquired his education, and also learned and followed the cabinet maker's trade. The favorable reports which he heard concerning' the United States and its opportunities led him to seek his fortune across the waters, and landing in New York, he made his way into the interior of the country, proceeding westward to Indianapolis. He settled first, however, at Poland, Indiana, where he worked at his trade until 1856, and then removed to Terre Haute. Here he continued no longer in cabinet making, but engaged in the pork packing and provision business, and likewise dealt in lime and cement, being established on North Third street, near ]Main. He afterward removed to the location on Main street between Eighth and Ninth streets, now 811 -81 5 Wabash avenue. Still later he purchased the property at the southeast corner of Ninth street and Wabash avenue, where he continued until 1878, when he sold out to his brother, Alvin Reiman. In that year he returned on a visit to his native land, where he remained for a year, but in the meantime he had formed a strong attachment for his adopted country, and when twelve months had passed he returned to Terre Haute, where he purchased the grain business of Charles Rottman, operating in that line until 1890, when he organized the Reiman & Steeg Company. In 1891 the company was incorporated, with Air. Reiman as president, E. E. Reiman as secretary and treasurer, and Henry C. Steeg as vice president. Mr. Reiman continued at the head of the business until his death, which occurred on the 4th of May, 1904. He was active almost to the last, and within two weeks of his demise he worked on his books. As a grain merchant he developed a business of considerable magnitude and derived therefrom a gratifying and well merited profit. All associated with him knew that in trade transactions he was thoroughly reliable, never taking advantage of the necessities of another in any business deal. He was for thirty years financial secretary of the old Terre Haute Mutual Building and Loan Association, which he assisted in organizing, and his business discernment and unwearied industry constitute strong elements in the success that attended it.

Mr. Reiman was married in Terre Haute in 1869 to Miss Hattie Wittenberg, who was a native of Germany, and died in early womanhood. Of their children, Ewald Ernest Reiman was born in Terre Haute, March 29, 1870. He acquired a public school education and in his boyhood began clerking for his father, with whom he remained continuously until he became a member of the firm at the incorporation of the business in 1901.

He was at that time made secretary and treasurer, and upon the death of his father in 1904 he succeeded to the presidency and to the general management of the business. He is today the owner of the Reiman Warehouse and Storage Company, his business headquarters being on Tenth and One-half and Mulberry streets and extending north to Tenth and Eagle streets, opposite the Yandalia and Pennsylvania Railroad freight depots. A man of resourceful business ability, he has not, however, concentrated his energies along one line, although the success which he has achieved in the lime and cement business would alone be considered creditable. He is, however, interested in the Standard Hay Company, wholesale dealers in hay, straw and grain. He is likewise a charter member of the Terre Haute Lodge of Elks and a charter member of the Young Business Men's Club and of the Commercial Club. The Masonic fraternity finds him a worthy exemplar, and his membership relations are with Euclid Lodge, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, the Chapter, the Council, the Consistory and the Mystic Shrine. He is thus prominent in Masonry and in club and social circles of the city, as well as business connections. On November 8, 1897, he married Miss Olga Paulini, of Indianapolis, the daughter of Otto and Emma Paulini, and they now have one child - Helen Freida Reiman.

Frederick A. Reiman, the second son of Ernest L. Reiman, was born in Terre Haute, August 20, 1872. He was educated in the public schools and for one year attended the high school. In 1887 he began his independent career by entering the store of Hoberg, Root & Company in the capacity of cash boy. There he worked his way steadily upward, his fidelity, energy and laudable ambition gaining him successive promotion until he was made head of the silk department. He left the Terre Haute store in 1896 and spent one year in Europe. Following his return to this country he was for two years with the Rurode & Root Dry Goods Company, of Fort Wayne, Indiana, after which he was engaged in the dry goods trade in California for five years. In 1905, however, he returned to Terre Haute and became assistant manager of the Root Dry Goods Company, the successors to the firm by which he was originally employed on starting out on his business career. He is the most trusted representative of the house and a business man of broad capability, whose advancement has come to him in recognition of his merit arid faithfulness. He was married .A^ugust 6, 1902, to Miss Gertrude Willien, the eldest daughter of L. J. Willien, one of the leading physicians and surgeons of Terre Haute. They had two children : Hermi'ne, who died at the age of one year, and Gertrude, who, on the 6th of February, 1908, was three years of age. The father is a member of the Elks lodge and also of the Young P.usiness Men's Club.

Ernest L. Rciman. tliu third son of the family, was born June 13, 1878, and having- attended the pubHc schools until he had mastered the various branches which constitute its curriculum, he began business life in i8g8 as bookkeeper with the \'igo County National Rank, which ])osition he held for six years. In KJ04 he entered the employ of the Reiman & Steeg Company as solicitor, and on the ist of November, 1906, vVas one of the organizers of the Standard Hay Company, of which he. became manager. He is still in control of the business of that company, which, under his capable guidance, has become a profitable undertaking. He was married June 5, 1902, to Miss Stella C. White, a daughter of W. R. \\'hite, a well known resident of Terre Haute. TKere are two children of this marriage - Mary Cassilda and Willah Ernestine. Mr. Reiman is a member of the Young Business Men's Club and of the Knights of Pvthias. The three brothers in their respective lines are representative business men of the city whose record is a credit to an untarnished family name. While never seeking to figure prominently in any public light, thev belong to that class of American men who uphold the legal and political status of the country and who contribute to the prosperity and upbuilding of their community through the faithful and capable performance of the dailv duties and tasks of life.

George Clement Richard.s is one of the best known and most extensive coal operators in this section of Indiana. He was born in Leicestershire, near the city of Ashby-de-la-Zouch, England, January 31, 1843, ^ son of Mathew and Mary (Walker) Richards, the father a native of Nuttingshire and the mother of Leicestershire, and both lived their lives in the mother country and are now deceased. Their son George attended the public schools until eight years of age and night school till his sixteenth year, but as early as the age of nine he worked in the coal mines of his native land, and after putting aside his text books he served an apprenticeship of two years at mine engineering. He. was also for three years in the Bristol Mining School, where he studied geology, mineralogy, inorganic chemistry and mining.

Leaving England on November 3, 1879, Mr. Richards came to the United States and directly to Indiana, where his first stopping place was Farmersburg, in Sullivan county, but two weeks later he went on to Shelbourn, in the same county. His first venture of any importance after locating here was the clearing up of the old Curryville mine in Sullivan county. This old property belonged to the estate of the late Chauncey Rose and had been in disuse for seven years. It was on the point of being entirely abandoned by Josephus Collett. the executor of the Rose estate. The mine was filled with gas to such an extent that it was thought it could never be used and was otherwise in a dangerous condition. Learning of the intention to abandon and dismantle the mine, Mr. Richards went to Mr. Collett, an entire stranger, and prevailed on him to give him an opportunity to restore the property to working order. Mr. Collett was doubtful at first of the feasibility of the undertaking, but finally becoming convinced that Mr. Richards thoroughly understood his business, told him to go ahead. In about five weeks he had the gas drawn of?, the mine repaired and was hoisting coal. Mr. Richards then purchased the mine for ten thousand dollars, with yearly payments of one thousand dollars, and he operated it with success for many years, or until the vein was worked out and the property abandoned.

Before giving up the mine, however, Mr. Richards prospected east of Curryville about twelve miles and found a vein of coal eight feet thick cropping out in the creeks. Reporting the find to David J. Mackey, then president of the Evansville & Terre Haute Railroad Company, they drove over to inspect the prospect, and after seeing the vein Mr. Mackey informed him that if he could get a good company to work it he would build a switch to the mines and give him all the side track needed without costing them a cent. Going to Chicago, Mr. Richards interviewed Charles Harder, and they together visited Louis Hutt. the three organizing the New Pittsburg Coal Company, capitalized at one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. The mine, known as the i\lum-Cave, was worked successfully for nearly twenty years, Mr. Richards being connected with it during all that time and during the first two years superintended the property. He next purchased the interests of the stockholders of the old Shelburn mine, but during his five years' connection with that property misfortune in the way of fire and accidents attended his efforts. Following this he reorganized the company known as the \'ictoria Mining Company, at Linton, Indiana, and was connected with the organization until 1900, when the controlling interest was sold to Colonel Dickinson, of Chicago. After disposing of the V^ictoria Company Mr. Richards became interested in the Deep Coal Mining Company, with mines at West Terre Haute, but after two years as president of the company he sold his interest and organized the Lower \'ein Coal Company, with mines on the Big Four Railroad at West Terre Haute. Mr. Richards was also made the president of this company, and its other officers are : James Luther, of the National Drain Tile Company, vice president ; Frank Firbeck. secretary and treasurer ; Fred Oakley, director ; and George H. Richards, a director and the superintendent of the uiines.

In 1903 he spent some time in Huizachal District, near Victoria, the capital of the state of Tamaulipas. Old Mexico, and after a careful investigation of the conditions, etc., he, with others, bought a tract of 103 acres of gold, silver and copper lands. In March, 1907, he, with Judge O. B. Harris as president, VV. B. Ijanis, vice president, and G. C. Richards, secretary and treasurer, and nine directors, formed the La Gloria Copper Mining Company, with a capital of $500,000, which, during 1907 and 1908, has been employing twenty-five men in developing the property. ]\Ir. Richards married in Sheffield, England, Sarah Street, a daughter of Benjamin Street, a veterinary surgeon of Sheffield. When he came to this country he was accompanied by his wife and six children, four sons and two daughters, and two more children were added to the family in this country. The first born, Harry, met with an accidental death by falling down the shaft of the old Curryville mine. Edith married Emil Yansky and resides in Terre Haute. George H. is the superintendent of the Lower Vein coal mine. He married Daisy Rogers. Frank W., who married Effie Corsaw, is also connected with the company. Bernhard J. has served as a member of the city council and is the assistant superintendent of the company. Florence A. is the sixth in order of birth. Clement J., the elder of the two born in this covmtry. is in the sales department of the mining company. \'iolet is the wife of Chester Filson, of Terre Haute. I\Ir. Richards is a member of the Masonic fraternitv and of the Baptist church, and he is also a member of the Commercial Club.

J.v.MES Lyons. - One of the most impressive facts pertaining to the colonization, the growth and development of the L'nited States is the liberal influx of emigrants from the Emerald Isle, and no nationality that has entered into the complex citizenship of this republic has contributed more generously to the greatness of the country. The sons and daughters of that unhappy island, scourged by barbaric laws from the land of their fathers, have entered zealously into the development of the material resources of the nation, have played a prominent part in the political life of the republic, and have in public positions demonstrated in innumerable notable cases the adaptability of men of Irish extraction or nativity to a public career.

About the middle of the last century a man, Malachi Lyons, and woman, Mary Seery, natives of Ireland, hailing from the village of Ballymahon, Newcastle, County Longford, landed in New York and united their destinies with that of the land of opportunity. They lingered for a while in the eastern metropolis and were united in marriage, and on Christmas day in 1861 a child was born. This child, James Lyons, is the present mayor of the city of Terre Haute. And in this story is emphasized the possibilities of our American life.

While the future mayor was still a child the family removed to Louisville, Kentucky, and in this City of the Blue (jrass and in the citv of New

Albany across the river, the boyhood, school days and youth of the son were passed. The parents were devout members of the Hol\- Trinity Cathohc church, and the education of James was secured in the parochial schools of the smaller city, where he was associated in the class room with Father John Rvves, of Terre Haute : Father Joseph Byrne, of St. Anthony's, Indianapolis ; the Rev. Frank Dowd, of St. Joseph's, Indianapolis, and Father McBarron, of Evansville, Indiana.

In 1876 the family removed to Terre Haute and the father entered the emplov of the old Wabash Rolling Alill, wherein so many men since prominent in the political and business life of the community first began the serious work of maturity. Very early James found it necessary to aid in the support of the family, and he joined his father in the rolling mill.

In 1885, in his twenty-fourth year, Mr. Lyons, the younger, was appointed to a position on the police department, being sworn in by ex- Mayor Armstrong, now of Indianapolis, and here he remained during the next twentv years, serving with credit to himself and to the municipality in every capacity, from the lowest to the highest, and impressing upon the community by his quiet devotion to duty and his well known integrity his eminent fitness for public place. The absence of ofificiousness, the singleness of purpose with which he performed his work, and his evenness of temper, self-possession and geniality made him hundreds of stanch friends.

In 1902 Mavor Henry Steeg appointed the faithful officer to the position of superintendent of police, and in this capacity he served during the last term of the Steeg administration, emphasizing in numerous instances calling for the exercise of courage and judgment the qualities of mind and heart that have stood him in good stead throughout his life.

No higher tribute was ever paid an officer than that paid to Mayor Lvons bv the business men of the city, who interested themselves in the retention of the superintendent under the Bidaman administration.

In the spring of 1905 the interest of the people of Terre Haute was centered in the approaching municipal election. The city had made tremendous strides in the direction of growth and improvement, the population had been doubled within a few years, great commercial, industrial and financial interests had taken root, and an entirely new spirit prevailed among the people. For the first time, too, a primary election law was to determine the nominations to be made for mayor. Looking over the field of eligibles, the eyes of many rested upon James Lyons as the most avail- able man for the Democratic nomination. After considerable persuasion he reluctantly entered the lists. The result was the nomination of Mr. Lyons by an overwhelming majority over his one opponent. The Republicans renominated Mayor Bidaman.

. ^Ir. Lyons went before the people with a platform that was brief but important, and he never deviated during the six months' fight. He declared unqualifiedly in favor of the extermination of the gambling evil, in favor of the enforcement of the laws, and declared for a policy of public improvement and a business administration. The result of the election was a surprise to the most sanguine friends of the Democratic nominee. Less than two years before Mayor Bidaman had been elected by a majority of 1,700; Lyons won by a majority that approached 1,100.

Never perhaps has any man ever entered office under more discouraging or disheartening circumstances. The feeling engendered bv the campaign was intense. Between the election and the installation of the new mayor Mayor Bidaman had been impeached and threats were openly and frequently made that the n^w executive would not last long. He was pictured in the press, notably in the Indianapolis News, as an enemy of law and order and as a tool of the corporations. This was all known to reasonable men as partisan rancor, but it had its effect.

The inaugural message of Mayor Lyons did much to dispel these charges, and within two months after taking office the new executive had by his policy won the respect of the community. Laws were better enforced than ever before, gambling was banished and gambling houses passed out of existence. The mayor associated himself with all publicspirited enterprises, and a policy of radical improvement in the material condition of the city was inaugurated such as had never before been known in Terre Haute. This policy has been followed persistently and consistently, and at the present rate of progress in the matter of street paving, sewer building and public works, the Lyons administration is destined to go down in municipal history as the administration of progress. The press of the city has repeatedly complimented the mayor upon keeping abreast of the progressive spirit of the times. Great changes for the better have been wrought in the physical appearance of the town. No administration has ever approached this one in this particular, and it is hardly probable that it will be surpassed for many years to come. And along with this the mayor has taken the people into his confidence and has thereby commanded their confidence and compelled their respect. But the point is that Mayor Lyons has pursued the policy he outlined during his campaign for election.

James, Jr. Mrs. Lyons died June lo, 1902, and his widowed sister, Mrs. Minnie Flynn, has kept house for him since his wife's death. He is actively interested in the Knights of Columbus, in the Ancient Order of Hibernians, Paul Revere Knights of Pythias, No. 374, the Young Men's Institute and the Modern Woodmen of America, who recently, on invitation of the mayor, held their state convention in the City Hall. He is one of the directors of the Phoenix Building and Loan Association.

Clean in his personal life, of unimpeachable integrity in public position, he is now crowning his public career by giving the city a new policy of progress that will probably mark an epoch in its development.

Crawford Fairb.\nks, prominent business man and financier, of Terre Haute, is a son of the late Hon. Henry and Emeline (Crawford) Fairbanks, and was born in the city in whose upbuilding he has been a strong factor. The paternal ancestors were English, and came to America in the colonial period of its history. Henry Fairbanks, the father, was long a marked character in the affairs of Vigo county, and at the time of his death was mayor of Terre Haute. He was a native of Massachusetts, born at Brimfield, January 2, 1814, son of Henry Fairbanks, and a cousin of the inventor of the platform scales. Mr. Fairbanks spent his childhood days upon a farm, at an early age learned the gunsmith's trader and when twenty years of age located in Terre Haute. Although of an unassuming and even retiring disposition, he was a man of strong, practical and strictly honorable character, and as such he became firmly woven into the confidence and hearts of the community. He accomplished much good, but the only public offices which he could be induced to accept were those of mayor and county treasurer. By his marriage to Emeline Crawford two of the old and honored families of the county were united. Her father. Caleb Crawford, was a native of New York state, and came to settle permanently in Terre Haute in 1819. He had visited the place in 1816, but in the former year returned to the Empire state for his wife, and afterward became one of the best known pioneer business men of the county. The marriage of Henry and Emeline Fairbanks was blessed with many children. The eldest, Col. William H. Fairbanks, for many years a resident of the West, now of this city, was identified during the Civil war with the Thirty-first Indiana Regiment of Volunteers, and was promoted to the command of his regiment for his meritorious and gallant service, still later colonel of the One Hundred and Forty-ninth Indiana Volunteers, passing the grade of acting adjutant general under General Cruft. The third son, Edward Page Fairbanks, is a prominent citizen of Terre Haute. Other members of the family are : Frank Fairbanks, the fourth son ; Pauline, the eldest daughter, who married Frank Montagnier ; Ella, deceased, and Carrie, who is the youngest. Emeline Crawford Fairbanks, the revered mother of the family, died September 26, 1894. and outwardly her memory is perpetuated by the beautiful Emeline Fairbanks Memorial Library, erected by her son Crawford, and presented to the citv as a gift and filial tribute.

Crawford Fairbanks was educated in the public schools of Terrc Haute, and has inherited both his father's distaste for publicity and his ideals of faithful service in the ranks of citizenship. He enlisted for service in the Union army in the One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Indiana Infantry, and after serving for some time as a private was promoted to a lieutenancy. Following his return from the war he began his business career, which had been signally successful. He was the organizer of the extensive combination known as the American Straw Board Company, with a capital of $6,000,000, and of which he was president, being now the ow-ner and operator of large paper mills at Haverhill, Massachusetts. Further, he is a part owner of the magnificent French Lick Hotel, and his business interests ramify many other parts of the United States. Notwithstanding his leadership in these fields, he is charitable and warmhearted. Mr. Fairbanks's wife was formerly Clara Collett, daughter of Stephen S. and Sarah ( Groenendyke) Collett and sister of the late Hon. Josephus Collett, of Terre Haute. Their only child, Sarah, married Bruce F. Failev, well known for his connection with leading industries of Terre Haute. Mr. Fairbanks is a Mason, and is identified with the Indiana Commanderv of the Loyal Legion. He is a man who is popular without having courted popularity.

Col. William H. F.\irp..\nks was born in Terre Haute, Indiana, August 12. 1839. His father, Henry Fairbanks, was a native of the Bay state. His mother, Emeline Crawfords Fairbanks, was born and grew up in this citv. Colonel Fairbanks grew to manhood in Terre Haute, Indiana, receiving an academic education. In 1856 he was deputy treasurer under his father, who was county treasurer, and in 1859 he was appointed deputy auditor of \'igo county, serving in this position until war was declared. At the time he was a member of the home military company (Fort Harrison Guards) and enlisted the day following the firing on Fort Sumter, April, 1861, as a private in the Eleventh Indiana Zouaves, three months service, re-enlisting in the Thirty-first Indiana \'oIunteers as first lieutenant, and passing through all the grades to colonel during his term of service. He participated in the battles of Fort Donelson, Perryville, Shiloh, Stone River, Chickamauga, Atlanta campaign. During his term of service he was assistant adjutant general on Major General Cruft's staf?, inspector general on General Kimball's staff, and later was inspector general of the Fourth Army Corps, Major General David S. Stanley commanding. At the close of the Atlanta campaign, on the recommendation of General Stanley and other general officers, he was commissioned colonel of the One Hundred and Forty-ninth Indiana Volunteers.

At the close of the war he was in command of North Alabama, with headquarters at Decatur, and received the surrender of Confederate Generals Roddy. Pillow and Warren, with their commands. He was mustered out at Indianapolis in 1865 and returned to Terre Haute.

At the close of the war he located in the lead and zinc regions of southwest Missouri and engaged in mining and smelting. He was one of the founders of Galena City, in southeast Kansas, one of the largest lead and zinc producing localities in the southwest. In 1896 he retired from business and returned to this, his native city.

Colonel Fairbanks was married at Fort Madison, Iowa, in 1876, to Miss Ella Peters, of that city. From this union there is one child. Grant Henry Fairbanks, born February 18, 1877, a graduate of Princeton.

Andrew J. Crawford, whose life record formed an integral chapter in the history of Terre Haute, stood as one of its most prominent business men and public-spirited citizens. In the development of large and important industrial and financial concerns he won success, but at the same time found opportunity for promotion of public interests and for co-operation in many measures that contributed to municipal progress and were matters of civic virtue and civic pride. He was born in Westchester, Montgomery county, Pennsylvania, November 7, 1837, his parents being Alexander L. and Mary (List) Crawford, who were likewise natives of the Keystone state and were of Irish and German descent, respectively. The father was an ironmonger and prominent as a factor in building up the iron industry of Pennsylvania. He established the first iron industry at New Castle, and also the first railroad out of New Castle, the Beaver Valley Railroad, connecting with the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Oiicago Railroad. The extent and importance of his business interests and connections made him one of the most prominent men of the community and his labors constituted an important element in the substantial development of the material interests of his part of the state.

Andrew J. Crawford was afforded excellent educational privileges, pursuing an academic course, and in his youth he became acquainted with the iron industry in its various phases, so that his early equipment qualified him for the successful conduct of similar interests at a later date. He soon passed on to positions of executive control, subsequently bending his energies largely to organization, to constructive efforts and administrative direction. Possessing broad, enlightened and liberal-minded views, faith in himself and in the vast potentialities for development inherent in his country's wide domain and specific needs along the distinctive lines chosen for his life work, he sought the opportunities of the west, and when thirty-two years of age came to Terre Haute, where, in company with others, he established the first iron blasting concern of this citv, known as the \'i.go lilast Furnace Company. Later, in association with others, he organized the \\'abash Iron Works Company, of which he became president, while his brother, J. P. Crawford, was secretary and treasurer. Extending the scope of his activities, he also became vice president of the Terre Haute Iron and Steel Company, which in iSgg sold out to the trust. He was likewise interested in the coal industry and held official connection with several banking and savings institutions. He was a man of marked business discernment, and his was an active career, in which lie accomplished important and far-reaching results, contributing in no small degree to the expansion and material growth of the city in which he made his home and from which he himself also derived substantial benefits.

On the 26th of December, 1865, Mr. Crawford was married to Miss Ann E. Ibinson. of New Castle, Pennsylvania, and to them were born the following named : Alexander L., now deceased ; Mrs. Mary E. Kidder, Paris, Illinois ; James A. : John L. ; and ;\Irs. Anna M. Bartlett, of Philadelphia.

In his political views Mr. Crawford was a stalwart Republican, who kept well informed on the questions and issues of the day, but was never an aspirant for ofifice. Eratemally he was a Master Mason and his life exemplified the beneficent spirit of the craft. He possessed remarkable sagacity, leading to almost phenomenal success. .\ strong intellect enabled him to see opportunities that others passed by heedlessly, while his energy prompted his utilization of the chances that came to him. Moreover, his name was ever an unsullied one in business circles, for the methods which he followed would bear close investigation and scrutiny. A genial disposition and a pleasant manner made him beloved by many friends, while his upright life gained him the respect of all with whom he was associated.

P>L.\CKFORD CoNniT, D. D., deceased, was born on August 6, 1829, in a log cabin in Sullivan county, Indiana. He was the son of Daniel D. and Charlotte T. Condit, who came at an early day from New Jersey to Indiana, making the journey by water except from Sandusky to Cincinnati, ( )hio, which in that pioneer period they were compelled to make by land. Daniel D. Condit, the father, was the son of Rev. Aaron Condit, a Presbyterian minister, who held the pastorate of the Hanover Presbyte- rian church, in New Jersey, continuously for thirt}"-five vears. Four of his sons also entered the Presbyterian ministry. Daneil D. Condit came to Terre Haute in 1831 and engaged in merchandising, but suffered the common reverses incident to the panic of 1837-38, and for many vears thereafter followed his trade as a wagon maker. Subsequently, however, he engaged in various mercantile pursuits. His death occurred in Terre Haute on January 24, 1877, his birth having been in New Jersey, October 21, 1797.

Rev. Blackford Condit first attended the city schools, and then entered Wabash College at Crawfordsville, Indiana, from which he was graduated in the classical course with the class of 1854. He then became a student at Lane Theological Seminary, Cincinnati, Ohio, from which he was graduated in 1857. Licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Cincinnati, his first charge was the Fulton Presbyterian church of that city, which pulpit he held for one year, and then, in accord with his original intention, he took post-graduate courses at Union Theological Seminary, New York city, and Andover Theological Seminary, Andover, Massachusetts. Ill health compelled him to resign his next charge at Springfield, Pennsylvania, and in October, i860, he sailed for Europe, his travels covering the period until August, 1861. His return to the United States was occasioned by the outbreak of the Civil war, but on account of the still uncertain state of his health he was dissuaded from entering the service. From 1868 to 1875 he occupied the pulpit of Baldwin Presbyterian church in Terre Haute, but poor health compelled him to again resign and practically to retire from the active duties of the ministry. For twenty years after 1875 he was the stated clerk of his presbytery and chairman of the Presbyterian committee of home missions, devoting most of his time, however, to literary pursuits. In 1871 he was elected a member of the board of trustees of Wabash College, which place he held until 1896. During these twenty-five years he kept in close touch with the interests of the college. His "History of the English Bible," a volume of 458 pages, is a learned and valuable v^'ork, published in 1882. In the preparation of this work he made a large collection of old Bibles, which was as complete and rare as any in the state. Among the rarest copies were the Cranmer and the Mathews editions, in black letter, and published in 1549. Other choice books in the collection were some of the earliest copies of the English New Testament, one being a fac-simile of the first printed New Testament translated into English by William Tyndale. In 1889 the Marietta (Ohio) College conferred upon him the degree of D. D. Among others of his publications are "Short Studies of Familiar Bible Texts," published in 1898, and "History of Early Terre Haute," published in 1900.

On February 26, 1862, Rev. Blackford Condit was married to Sarah L., daughter of Professor Caleb and Sarah (Marshall) Mills. Professor Mills is recognized as one of the founders of the common school system of Indiana. He was a member of the faculty of Wabash College, and held the degree of LL.D. Rev. Blackford Condit died in Terre Haute on March 2~. 1903. His widow still survives him, a venerable and most hon.- ored member of the communitv.