Wayne County, Indiana - Biographical sketches (1 of 15 so headed), 1884 (part 1 of 3)

Biographical sketches

Ezekiel Aikin, deceased, was born in 1812, in County Donegal, Ireland, and when quite a child came to America with an uncle. He lived in Wilmington, Del., where he learned his trade, and was there married to Elizabeth Porter, who was born in Ireland in 1827. They were the parents of nine children, seven of whom are still living. He came West with his family and first settled in Ohio on the State line, and worked in the millsof Richmond., and finally settled in Richmond, where he died in 1881. He was foreman of the woolenmill for quite a while, and later became proprietor of the mill. In the latter part of his life he joined the Presbyterian church, to which his widow and most of his family belong. His son, James P. Aikin, was born and reared in Wayne County. He learned his trade in the Fleecy Date Woolen Mills, and is now Superintendent of the same.

W. W. Alexander is a native of Camden, Preble Co., Ohio, of Irish ancestry. He was reared in his native county and enlisted in the late war, on the first call for volunteers, in the Twentieth Ohio Infantry. He afterward enlisted in the Thirteenth Missouri Infantry, which was afterward changed to the Twenty-second Ohio Infantry, serving in said company three years. He came to Richmond in the fall of 1864, and immediately became connected with the Volunteer Fire Department, being Foreman of the hose part of the time. Since its organization as pay deparment he has served in minute department until his election as Chief, in 1879, since which he has held that position by being annually re-elected. The company is well organized and managed, and as Chief of the Fire Department Mr. Alexander has shown his efficiency.

City Of Richmond

natives of North Carolina, his father born Nov. 4, 1781, and his mother, Aug. 4, 1778. His parents were married in 1803, and in 1825 came to Wayne County, Ind., and settled in Clay Township. They bought a farm of ninety-three acres and entered a quarter section of wild land, which he gave to his two sons. The father died in 1856 and the mother in 1857, They were members of the Society of Friends. They had a family of nine children. Four are now living, of whom our subject is the next to the oldest. He has lived in Wayne County since ten years of age. He by his own efforts obtained a liberal education and taught school several terms. He was married in 1836 to Mary A., daughter of Jesse Albertson, and a native of Wayne County, born in 1815. Soon after his marriage his father gave him $100, and he entered eighty acres of land in Hamilton County, Ind., where he spent two years. In 1838 he returned to Wayne County and bought a farm in Clay Township. He remained there till 1878, when he moved to a farm two miles from Richmond, and in 1881 to Earlham place, West Richmond, on the land where he now lives. He has always followed farming and stock-raising, and has been very successful. He was a member of the Board of County Commissioners three terms, or nine years. At the June term of Com. Court, 1875, there were thirty-six applicants for a license to retail spirituous liquors. Mr. Baldwin, being conscientiously opposed to a license law, resigned being a member of the board rather than grant license under said law. He and his wife reared a family of five children, four of whom are still living, all good citizens of this county. He has been an active member of the Society of Friends many years, and is an enthusiastic worker in the temperance cause. " N. HB. Ballard, M.D., corner North Ninth and A streets, Richmond, Ind., is a son of Barclay, grandson of Thomas, and great-grandson of Barclay Ballard, of English descent, but of Virginian birth, and in religious faith, Quakers. His great-grandfather died in his native State. Thomas Ballard, in 1846, came to Richmond, Ind., from Warren County, Ohio. The maternal ancestry were of New England birth, the grandparents Heywood moving from Carlisle, Mass., to Clermont County, Ohio, about 1820. N. H. Ballard is a native of Ohio and came to Richmond, Ind., in 1860. In 1878 he began reading medicine with J. R. Weist, and remained with him till March, 1853, having graduated from the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati, in 1881. . He took a course at the Rush Medical College, Chicago, and graduated in April, 1883. He has a good practice, having gained considerable reputation as a surgeon. He is a member of the City, County, District and State Medical societies, and is Secretary of the Wayne County Medical Society. Heis also a member of the Alumni Association of the Medical College of Ohio (Cincinnati). He belongs to the Masonic fraternity.

G. Balling, stone contractor, was born in 1848, in Bavaria, Germany, where he learned the stone-mason's trade, and in 1869 emigrated to the United States, locating in Richmond. where he has since resided. In 1876 he began contracting in this city, and since that time has done work on many public and private buildings, - among which may be mentioned Hoosier Drill Works, Hittle block, Jackson's corner, Dickasor's corner, Westcott's, Bell's and Kendal!'s residences, - and is one of the leading stone-masons of Wayne County. In connection with his trade he has carried on a grocery and provision store since July, 1883, corner of Southeast and Sixth streets He was married in 1872 to Lonisa Selmoning, who was born in 1849, in Holland.

B. P. Bethge, manager of the Union Depot restaurant, Richmond, Ind., is a native of Columbus, Ohio, but since 1874 a resident of Richmond. The restaurant of which he has charge is the outgrowth of a small beginning, being at first but a lunch stand, but in 1868 P. Merkle & Co. Haane the proprietors, and after the erection of the present spacious depot secured a room 47 x 19} feet in 'size, and now keep a first-class eating-room, Mr. Merkle is an old, experienced manin the business, but being a resident of Columbus the management is given to Mr. Bethge. Meals are served to all trains at reasonable rates. :

Thaddeus W. O. Braffett, Auditor Wayne County, Ind., was born in Bradford County, Pa.. April 12, 1829, a son of Altred and Eliza (Long) Braffett, his father a native of Pennsylvania, of French descent, and his mother a native ot Ver- mont, of English descent. In 1831 his parents removed to Ohio, settling near old Fort Black, built as such by General William Henry Harrison, near New Madison, Darke Co., Ohio: subsequently moved to Braffettsville in the same county, and in 1839 removed to New Paris, Preble Co., Ohio, where his father died in the year 1865, and where his mother still lives, now in the eightieth year of her age. Our subject is the second of five children. He received a commercial school education and followed merchandising with his father until the year 1855. In 1857, having lost his wife, he went to California and spent three years in the mining interest, returning in 1860. In January, 1861, he went to Geneseo, Ill., taking charge of a wholesale and retail drygoods and agricultural house. When the first gun was fired on Fort Sumter, he at once offered his service to the Government as a private soldier and enlisted in Company B, Ninth Illinois Cavalry; was promoted to Sergeant, Lieutenant and Captain of his company. The regiment went into camp at Camp Douglas, Ill.; from there to Benton Barracks, St. Louis, Mo., and later was ordered to Pilot Knob, Mo., where his regiment was first engaged in battle with the guerrilla bands of the Rebel Colonel Pickett; the regiment, with others of infantry, was placed under the command of General Steele, and took up marching orders to join General Frank Siegel at Pea Ridge, but with guerrilla bands and bushwhackers in front impeding the march, the battle of Pea Ridge was fought before General Steele's arrival. They were then ordered to Jacksonsport, Ark., where, after its arrival, communication was cut off by the rebels, but the timely arrival of General Curtis's command from Pea Ridge relieved them from all being captured as prisoners ot war. Under General Curtis the command was ordered to Little Rock, Ark., having to fight their way all along the line of march for two weeks. With superior numbers of rebels in front, the line of march was changed to Helena, on the Mississippi River. From constant exposure, forward marches and attacks by guerrilla bands in front and rear, the little army ot General Curtis was jbadly cut to pieces. On arriving at Helena they went into camp on the low grounds and disease easily took hold of the men, and of those left, one-third of Captain Braffett's company died. After two months in camp, the regiment was ordered to Memphis, Tenn., Captain Braffett contracting the malaria disease that carried so many of his company to death; laid at Helena for two months almost dead, but rallied sufficiently to return to his home, then at New Paris, Ohio. After a short furlough he again returned to his regiment, but the old disease again took hold of him, and prostrated him lower than ever. On account of this disability, he reluctantly tended his resignation. He was discharged in January, 1863, returning to his home, then in Richmond. In 1865 Captain Braffett was elected Assistant Clerk (by the Republicans) of the Indiana House of Representatives, also Assistant Clerk of the special session of that body in the same year, and Journal Clerk of the Indiana State Senate in 1869. Subsequently he became the traveling agent for the wholesale grocery house of William Glenn & Sons, Cincinnati, Ohio, whom he represented for several years and afterward connected himself with the New York house of Francis H. Leggett & Co. In 1880 he resigned his traveling agency and was appointed Deputy Clerk of the Wayne Circuit Court, which position he held for three years, having been (in the meantime) elected Auditor of Wayne County, which responsible office he is now filling, having entered upon his duties Nov. 1, 1883. Captain Braffett is a Mason of high rank, having taken all the degrees conferred by that order in the United States (save the Thirty-third degree), He is also a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He was married in 1849 to Sarah A. E. Ireland, of New Paris, Ohio, who died in 1855, leaving three children. One son and daughter reside in Cincinnati, Ohio, and one daughter in Richmond; all married. In January, 1862, Captain Braffett, while in the army, was married to Miss Lizzie J. Mitchell, of Oxford, Ohio. They have three children - two sons and one daughter (unmarried). They reside at No. 36 South Thirteenth street, Richmond. Captain Braffett and family are active members of the United Presbyterian church.

G. R. Boslow was born in Monroe, Mich., in 1833, the youngest of a family of eight children of John and Mary (Condon) Boslow, his father a native of Pennsylvania, born in 1787, and his mother a native of New Brunswick, born in 1796. His parents were married in 1812. His father died in Green County, Wis., April 17, 1848, and his mother in Richmond, Ind., in 1880, His father was a patriot of 1812 and was subsequently connected several years with the Lake Erie & Mad River Railroad. His grandfather, Jacob Boslow, was a native of Germany and died in Brantford, Ontario, Canada, at the age of 101 years. The name was originally spelled Boughslaugh and has been changed by the present generation. Our subject spent his early life in Brantford, Ontario, Green County, Wis., and Hardin County, Ohio. In 1852 he became connected- with the Lake Erie & Mad River Railroad, being engaged in relaying the track. He afterward was employed as conductor on the road fourteen years. He then went on the Terre Haute, Alton & St. Louis Railroad, and in 1867 came to Richmond and was employed on the Chicago & Great Eastern Road, remaining there till April, 1883. Mr. Boslow has been a member of the Masonic fraternity and has taken all degrees, including the Knights Templar. He was married to Miss Mary E., daughter of Jacob Holmes, of Kenton, Ohio. They have a family of three children.

Ezra Boswell, deceased, was born in 1788, in Engiand. He learned the trade of a brewer in his native country, and came to the United States in the early part of the present century, settling in North Carolina, where we was married to Elizabeth Kindley. He carried on brewing in North Carolina till 1816, when he moved to Richmond, Wayne Co., Ind., aud erected the third frame house in the city, which is still standing on Fort Wayne avenue. He followed his trade in Richmond till his death in 1831. His widow survived him till 1848. They had eleven children, six of whom survive - Anna, widow of Andrew Reid; Daniel K., residing in St. Louis; Rebecca C., wife of Andrew S. Wiggins; Mary, wife of Edward Kindley, who is practicing law in Savannah, Mo.; John K., inventor and patentee of Boswell's Patent Fruit

Drier, now of Thayer County, Neb., and Sarah S., wife of Alanson Sponsler, of Thayer County, Neb. Mr. Boswell was a member of the Friends' Society and in politics was a Whig. His daughter, Rebecca C., is an active worker in the W. C.T. U. She is one of the Trustees of the Home of the Friendless.

Howard Campbell, assistant superintendent of the firm of Gaar, Scott & Co., was born in Wayne County, Ind., a son of Thomas Campbell. He learned the pattern-maker's trade, which he has since superintended. He was married to Maggie Beeler, of Wayne (County, who is a daughter of C. O. Beeler.

Thomas Campbell, of the firm of Gaar, Scott & Co., is ason of William and Elizabeth (Parsons) Campbell, his father having died when our subject was a child, his mother surviving him twenty-four years. Thomas learned the carpenter's trade in Pennsylvania, completing it in New York, and in the spring of 1845 he came to Richmond, Ind., and commenced working as a journeyman in the wood shop of J. M. and J. H. Hulton's spring foundry, and for a number of years he was foreman of the pattern shop. He is at present a stock holder in the same firm. He was married in 1851 to Elizabeth, daughter of Jonas Gaar. They have three children - Howard, Assistant Superintendent of Gaar's Works; Sarah E., wife of George R. Wiiliams, and William, foreman of the pattern shop at Gaar's Works. Mr. Campbell has retired from active life, and resides on Washington avenue, Richmond.

William H. Campbell, son of Thomas Campbell, is a native of Richmond, Ind. He learned the trade of patternmaker, and at present occupies the position of foreman of the pattern-room of the firm of Gaar, Scott & Co. His maternal grandfather, Jonas Gaar, was one of the oldest and prominent pioneers of this county.

Walter T. Carpenter, Trustee of Earlham College, and retired farmer, West Richmond, Ind., is of Welsh descent. His paternal ancestor, seven generations back, Ezra Carpenter, was born in Wiltshire, Wales, in 1550. His two sons were - tichard, born May 15, 1593, and William, born Aug. 28, 1601. The latter never married, became very wealthy and died in England in 1701. The former emigrated to America when a young man and died June 11, 1669. To him were born two sons - Ephraim, in 1623, and John, in 1627. The l eldest of these sons was the father of Ephraim, who was born March 4, 1653, about the time of the conversion of the family, under the preaching of George Fox, the founder of the Society of Friends. His fourth child, Timothy Carpenter, was born Dec. 19, 1665, and was the father of John, ot Oysterberry, who was born June 13, 1690. The latter's eldest son, John, the hatter, was born Jan. 7, 1714, and lived and died in New York. His second child was Abram, born in Westchester County, N. Y., Dee. 27, 1738. The tenth of Abram's children, Isaac, was born in Westchester County, N. Y., Oct. 10, 1779, and in maturer years settled in Clinton County, Ohio, where he died Feb. 5, 1836. His wife was Mercy Frost, born in Westchester County, N. Y., in 1781, and died in Ohio in 1816. Of their six children, Walter'T. is the fifth, and was born in Albany, N. Y., Jan. 1, 1811. He was reared on a farm in Clinton County, Ohio, and afterward was engaged in merchandising in Wilmington, Ohio, and subsequently in Cincinnati. . From 1847 to 1857 he was farming in Warren County, Ohio, and in the latter year moved to Richmond, where he soon after became Superintendent of Earlham College, then a boarding school. He filled the position fifteen years and at the same time was one of a committee of twelve who had charge of the college. In 1880 the management of the college was changed, and control of its affairs vested in twenty-four trustees, Mr. Carpenter being one of the number. Since his appointment as Superintendent of the college, he has lived rather retired on his farm near Richmond. He married Susan Mabie fifty years ago, who was born in New York Dec. 27, 1811. Of their four children, but three are living - Charles G., of Richmond; Caroline, wife of H. C. Wright, and Elizabeth, wife of Daniel W. Marmon; both daughters reside in Indianapolis.

Elijah Coffin, deceased, was one of Wayne County's most prominent and enterprising citizens. He contributed toward the building up of its benevolent societies, assisted in laying the foundation of the banking interests of the county, and was one of the most influential members of the Society of Friends.

He was the son of Bethuel and Hannah (Dicks) Coffin, and was born in New Garden, Guilford Co., N. C., Nov. 17, 1798. He received a fair education for the early part of the nineteenth century, and taught school some time in his native State. Feb. 2, 1820, he was married to Naomi Hiatt, and settled on a farm in his native county. In 1824 he came to Indiana and located in Milton, Wayne County, and resumed the occupation of teaching. In 1829 he opened a store in Milton, and his fidelity and ability became known to a wholesale firm of Cincinnati, who made him a liberal offer as clerk, and in 1838 he abandoned his store and removed to Cincinnati, remaining there a year and a half. At that time a branch of the Indiana State Bank was located at Richmond, and Mr. Coffin was chosen its Cashier, a position he was adinirably fitted tor. He therefore, in November, 1834, removed to Richmond. He was the bank's Cashier, holding the position twenty-four years, the limit of the charter. Ata final meeting of the Board of Directors, Dec. 24, 1858, the following resolution was offered by Robert Morrisson and adopted: 'It is unanimously resolved, That in consideration of the able and faithful services of Elijah Coffin, as Cashier of this branch, from its first organization till its close, and the fidelity and promptitude with which he has discharged the various and important duties confided to his care, the board embraces the opportunity to express upon our minutes the high sense entertained ofhis official services and private worth." With the closing of the bank Mr. Coffin gave up secular business. His religious affiliations were unabating and unswerving in the Society of Friends. He was at an early age Clerk of the Yearly Meeting in North Carolina, and in 1827 was appointed Clerk of the Indiana Yearly Meeting. Nothing was too arduous for him if it tended to the upbuilding of the society and of mankind. He was a friend of education, Sabbath-schools, and all associations to promote the circulation of tracts and the reading of the Scriptures. He was for many years a life member of the American Bible Society. His death occurred Jan. 22, 1862, and his wife followed him June 14, 1866. Their children were - Miriam A., Charles F., William H., Eliphalet, Caroline E., Mary C. and Hannah, three born in North Carolina and four in Wayne County. Charles F. has, during the greater portion of his life, been in the banking business in Richmond. He was one of the original proprietors of the Citizens' Bank, established in 1853; was Cashier of the Richmond branch of the Bank of the State, and been President of the Richmond National Bank since its organization. After the death of his father he was chosen to fill many of the important positions of the church, and the part taken by his father has been continued by him with equal interest and ability. He married Rhoda Johnson, who is also an able and active worker in the Society of Friends. Their children are - Elijah, Charles H., Francis A., William E. and Percival.

C. H. Coffin is a native of the city of Richmond, and the second son of Charles F. Coffin. The greater part of his education was received in his native city, where from early manhood he has been connected with what is now the Richmond National Bank, of which he has been Vice-President and Cashier since 1873. He has been identified with many of the business interests of Richmond, and since 1881 has been a stockholder and Vice-President of the manufacturing establishment of Haynes, Spencer & Co., Richmond. Mr. Coffin is a birthright member of the Society of Friends and has been Trustee of the Indiana Yearly Meeting since 1882. His wife is a daughter of Dr. Jos. Howells, of Richmond.

Joseph H. Cooke, City Treasurer, Richmond, Ind., was born in Circleville, Ohio, in 1851, a son of Joseph Cooke, who died in Columbus, Ohio, the same year of our subject's birth. He was educated in Lexington, Ohio, and learned the tanner's trade. In 1875 he entered the employ of the Pittsburg, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railroad at Indianapolis, as bill clerk, and a month later was transferred to Richmond. In 1876 he was appointed Cashier and remained in the employ of the road till 1880. In February of the latter year he was appointed by the City Council to fill an unexpired term as City Treasurer, and in May, 1881, was elected to the position, and re-elected in 1883. Mr. Cooke is a member' of Webb Lodge, No. 24, F. & A. M.; Sir Knight Commander of Richmond Division, No. 14, U. R. K. of P., and is Chan- cellor Commander cf Iola Lodge, No. 53, K. of P. Politically he is a Republican. Feb. 23, 1876, Mr. Cooke married Jessie, daughter of General Wm. P. Benton. They have two children - Marjorie and Edson B.

Joseph B. Craighead, son of Dr. John Boyd and Rebecca (Dodds) Craighead, was born in Dayton, Ohio, Jan. 29, 1845, where he resided until eighteen years of age. In the spring of 1863 he came to Richmond and for two years was employed in the freight oftice of the Columbus & Indiana Central Railway Company, under H. S. Kates, agent. He then went South and was in the cotton commission and wholesale grocery and liquor business. In 1866 he returned North and went into business in Dayton, Ohio, manufacturing threshing machines. In 1872 he went to St. Louis, Mo., and engaged in selling agricultural implements, but in 1874 returned to Richmond and took the position of bookkeeper for Gaar, Scott & Co., and afterward purchased stock in the company. Dec. 30, 1869, he was married to Hannah Ann Gaar, who was born in Richmond, Ind., May 26, 1849.

Daniel B.Crawford was born in Hartford County, Md., Nov. 16, 1807, and when seven years of age removed with his mother's family to Baltimore, and thence, in 1835, to Wayne County, Ind., settling two and a half miles north of Richmond. Although the land was in the unbroken forest it had a frame house on it, a thing rarely seen in those days. He continued agricultural life till 1850, when he moved to Richmond and became established in the mercantile business, and has now one of the oldest dry-goods and carpet houses in the city, doing business under the firm nane of D. B. Crawford & Son. Mr. Crawford has held at various times different offices of honor and trust in the city and county. He was County Commissioner from 1850 till 1870, with the exception of six years. He has been a zealous member of the Methodist Episcopal church many years and has always been a liberal supporter of its interests. He was oneof the building committee of the new Methodist church on East Main street. He was married in Baltimore, Md., June 10, 1828, to Agnes Corrie. They have had nine children - Daniel J., Elijah J., Mary F. (wife of J. ©. Ratcliff), John Y., Sarah

R., Charles W., Agnes S., Elizabeth A. W. and Robert. They have had a laborious but pleasant life, and now, after fifty-six years of wedded lite, are living in the enjoyment of the consciousness of a life devoted to their family and the interests of the community.

Henry Crivel, foreman of the foundry of Gaar, Scott & Co., was born in Hanover, Germany, Oct. 12, 1828, a son of Henry and Mary Crivel. His father was by trade a blacksmith, and in early life he learned the same trade. He was edneated in his native country, and when seventeen years of age came tothe United States and located in Richmond, Ind., where he worked at his trade, with the exception of two months, till 1847. He then went into the shop of Gaar, Scott & Co. to learn the molder's trade and has since been in their employ, and since 1858 has been foreman of that department. He thoroughly understands his trade in all its details, and is an efficient and trustworthy workman. Mr. Crivel has represented the Fourth Ward of Richmond in the City Council. He is a member of Webb Lodge, No. 46, F. & A. M.; Herman Lodge, No. 199, and Hermania Encampment, No. - , I. O. O. F. He was first married to Louisa Shofer, who died leaving four children. He subsequently married Ellen Besselman. They have six children. Mr. and Mrs. Crivel are members of St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church.

Alvin E. Crocker, real estate, loan and insurance agent, Vaughn's Block, Richmond, Ind., was born Nov. 6, 1832, in Richmond, on the square where the court-house now stands, a son of Rev. Peter Crocker, a native of Cape Cod, of English and Welsh descent. The latter was educated for a Congregational minister and preached for that denomination several years. In later life he became more liberal in his views and adhered to the doctrine of Swedenborg. He married Jane Eiver, and she died in New Bedford, Mass., leaving five children. He subsequently married Alice Eiver, a sister of his first wife, who died in 1859, leaving seven children. He died in 1855. Our subject is his tenth child. When sixteen years of age he began learning the carriage-maker's trade, working at it. fourteen years. He was obliged to abandon his trade on account of ill health and was employed as salesman for Zimmer & Emswiler. In1861 Mr. Zimmer retired from the firm and Mr. Crocker bought a half interest in the business. They were very successful, but in 1868 Mr. Crocker withdrew, and established another store, where he did a successful business till 1876. He then engaged in his present business. He is recognized as an upright, energetic man in the business circles of the city, and has been Secretary of the Richmond Business Men's Exchange since its organization. He was married in 1853 to Rhoda, daughter of Job W. Swain, an early manufacturer of the city. They had one son - Oliver P. Mrs. Crocker died July 4, 1863, and Mr. Crocker subsequently married Elizabeth B. Beckwith, of Dayton, Ohio.

Henry Cutter, grocer, Richmond, Ind., was born in Hanover, Germany, in 1840, a son of Henry and Elizabeth (Menke) Cutter. His father died in 1854, and in 1857 his mother, with her four children, came to the United States and located in Richmond, Ind. She died Dec. 18, 1878. Her children were Louise, Henry, Anna and Catherine, the latter the wife of Adam Boess, of Richmond. On coming to Indiana our subject first worked as a farm hand, and subsequently in Wiggins's tanyard ten years, thus learning that trade. Sept. 17, 1867, he opened the store where he is at present engaged, and where by his close attention to business and integrity he has been very successful. He isa liberal, public-spirited man, and is one of the substantial citizens of Richmond. March 5, 1863, he married Minnie Drifmeyer, a native ot Hanover, Germany, but since her seventh year, in 1848, a resident of Richmond. They have three sons - John A. L., E. W. F. and G. H. Mr. and Mrs. Cutter are members of St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church. He has filled nearly all the oftices of the church, and is Treasurer and Trustee of Wernle Orphan -Home, an institution he has been connected with since its inception.

John F. Davenport isa native of Salem County, N. J., born Dec. 11, 1840. He received a common-school education in his native State, and worked at farming until seventeen years of age, then worked at millwrighting with his father until 1860, when he cameto Richmond, Ind., and was employed by J. C. Ratcliff for some months, when meeting with an accident that disabled him from manual labor for some time he engaged with Dr. O. Leary as advertising agent; was with him and Dr. Worroll till September, 1862, when he enlisted in Company O, Eighty-fourth Indiana Infantry, and served till June 14, 1865. He was promoted to Corporal, October, 1862; to Color Sergeant, Dec. 8, 1862; Or- ° derly Sergeant, Nov. 6, 1864; Second Lieutenant, June 1, 1865. He was in the battles of Chickamauga, Buzzard's Roost, Rocky Face, Dalton, Resaca, Kingston, Pumpkin Vine Creek, Pine Mountain, Kennesaw, Neal Dow Church, Culps Farm, Peach Tree Creek, siege of Atlanta, battles of Franklin and Nashville. At the latter place he receiveda gun-shot wound in right shoulder. After the war he returned to Richmond and was employed in the wood department of the Robinson Machine Works for about ten years; was then elected City Wood Measurer, and served two years. Since then he has been in the brokerage business. Mr. Davenport is a member of Woodward Lodge, No. 212, and Oriental Encampment, No. 28, I. O. O. F.; Osceola Tribe, No. 15, O. R. M.; Iola Lodge, No. 53, K. of P.; Richmond Temple, No. 4, P. C.; and Sol Meredith Post, No. 55, G. A. R. He was married Oct. 21, 1867, to Sarah E., daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth Mills, and grand-daughter of Andrew Hoover. They have two children.

Henry T. Davis, M. D., Richmond, Ind., was born on the Island of Nantucket, Mass., Sept. 29, 1836, the oldest son of Henry W. and Lydia Cartwright Davis. Born in rugged New England and reared on her stormy coast, he inherited a robust constitution and imbibed the energizing influence of his early surroundings. The subject of this sketch was educated under the public-school system of his native island. An apt scholar, he found no difficulty in maintaining his rank in his class; his special taste, however, was for mathematical studies, in which he excelled. Having completed his school life at the early age of seventeen, he commenced the study of medicine with William P. Cross, M. D., of Nantucket. For three years this was continued, during which time he attended two courses of lectures at the Cleveland Medical College, subsequently grad- uating at the Homeopathic Medical College of Missouri, St. Louis. During the year 1857 a few months were spent in the South, where, finding no satisfactory location, he again turned toward the New England States, but on his way was arrested by the thought that to return was no evidence of success. Suddenly he determined to try the West, and without any 'particular point in view he drifted to Richmond, Ind., his present residence, where the evidences of thrift and prosperity arrested his course and determined his future. The following year he was married to Louisa G. McDonald, of Oxford, Ohio, and to her rare endowments he attributes much ot his subsequent success in life. Having no aspirations except to succeed in his profession, twenty years of fixed residence, with hardly a month's respite, have resulted in a competency that is satisfactory and a professional reputation that is unquestioned. Buoyant of disposition and of untiring energy, he has overridden many obstacles in life and resolved what would otherwise have been failures into success. Enthused with local pride he has served since 1869, except a brief interval, as a member of the City Council, and for a similar period as President of the Board of Health, sacrificing much time to promote the city's interests. He is a member of the Knights Templar and the Masonic Order. He is also a member of the Grace Methodist Episcopal Church. Of unblemished personal character, he still lives one among the many examples of what energy and application will accomplish.

Rev. John Dingeldey is a native of Hesse Darmstadt, born March 15, 1843, a son of Jacob and Louisa Dingeldey. His parents were enabled to give their son a good education, and he improved his advantages for the purpose of teaching in the parochial schools. In the fall of 1860 he came to the United States, and located in Buffalo, N. Y.; from there he removed to Youngstown, Ohio. In 1868 he entered the Capital University at Columbus, Ohio, where he graduated in the theological department in 1571. He then located in Sidney. Ohio, and in 1879 came to Richmond and took charge of the Wernle Orphans' Home, of which he is house-father. He was married in 1867 to Anna Stutz, of Buffalo, N. Y. They

Thomas Heath Dodge was born in Sedgwick, Mass., June 17, 1810, a son of N. Amaziah and Mercy Dodge, also ot Massachusetts. In 1812 his parents removed to Maine, and in 1817 to Butler County, Ohio. At the time of the war of 1812, they lived near Castine, which was destroyed by the British. He was reared in Ohio, and attended school but three months, the rest of his education being obtained by observation and private reading. He has through life worked at the mason's trade. He owns a fine farm of forty acres, valued at $100 per acre. He was married in August, 1833, to Kitty Minor. They had a family of four children - Mary Ann, afterward Mrs. Coddington, of Richmond, Ind., now deceased ; Claressa, now Mrs. Frank Black, of Richmond; Thomas and Frances. The two latter died in childhood. Mrs. Dodge died in May, 1844. In August, 1849, Mr. Dodge married Nancy Ann Robey, who was born Aug. 13, 1803. Mrs. Dodge is a member of the Christian church. Mr. Dodge is a member of no church, but is liberal in his belief. During the war he was a staunch Union man, and now affiliates with the Republican party. Of his father's family of eleven children, six sons and five daughters, but three are now living - -Mary, now the widow of L. Mander Lewis, late of Valparaiso, Ind. She now resides with her son, B. F. Lewis, of Chicago; Thomas H. and John, of Butler County, Ohio.

was born in Richmond, Ind., June 4, 1859, a son of Robert O. and Julia B. Dormer. His mother died Nov. 1, 1879, leaving two children. His education was received in the schools of Richmond. He was married Nov. 30, 1882, to Florence B. Hatfield. Nov. 18, 1882, he was appointed Deputy Sheriff of Wayne County, a position he still fills. He is a member of Lodge No. 53, K. of P., and also Richmond Lodge, No. 254, I. O. O. F.

John B. Dougan, Cashier Second National Bank, Richmond, Ind., was born in Niles, Mich., in 1847, a son of William and Ann (Gray) Dougan. His grandfather, Isaac Gray, was a native of Ireland, and came with his wife, Martha

Bartley Gray, to the United States when a young man, settling in Virginia, and in the third decade of the present century became a merchant of some note in Richmond. He afterward removed to Niles, Mich., where he died of fever in 1831. Our subject became a resident of Richmond in 1857, and here acquired a fair education, completing it at Niles, Mich. He has been Cashier of the Second National Bank since its organization, and is now one of its Directors. He is an enterprising business man, and is one of the promising young men of Richmond.

H. R. Downing was born in Pennsylvania in 1831, the youngest of seven children of Daniel L. and Sarah (Iden) Downing, his father a native of Queen's County, L. I., of Scotch descent, and his mother of Pennsylvania. His parents came to Richmond in July, 1837, where his mother died in February, 1849, and his father in May, 1860. Their children were - Margaret, Ellen, Jane, Anna, Sarah, Susannah and H. R., the latter being the only one now living. His father was, politically, a Whig till 1856, and then affiliated with the Republican party. He was a school-mate of Martin Van Buren, but was always opposed to him. He was a member of the Society of Friends. Our subject was reared and educated in Richmond. He has been in the undertaking business since 1876, and is now doing a business second to none in the city. He is a member of Whitewater Lodge No. 24 I. O. O. F., and has been one of its Trustees eight years. He has been Treasurer of Oriental Encampment nine years, and a member of the Grand Lodge of Indiana since 1873.

Caleb S.Du Hadway was born Dec. 11, 1826, a son of Peter and Martha (Reeves) Du Hadway, his father of French descent. The greater part of his education was obtained at Richmond, but when fourteen years of age he left school and began clerking for his uncle, James E. Reeves. Three years later he went to Hagerstown, Ind., and assumed a similar position for his uncle, Mark E. Reeves. In 1848 he and Edward Vaughan bought out his uncle and conducted the business till 1850, when Mr. Vaughan went to California. Mr. Du Hadway then carried on the business alone till 1855. From 1855 till 1860 he was in the insurance business. In the latter year he came to Richmond and was in partnership with C. W. Ferguson, in the auction business, two years. In 1863 he commenced traveling for Vauxem & Leeds, and subsequently was employed as bookkeeper and general accountant. In 1876 he was appointed Deputy Treasurer of Wayne County. In 1878 he was elected Auditor, and served till 1883. Mr. Du Hadway is a member of the Masonic fraternity. June 2, 1852, he married Priscilla, daughter of Dr. Buchanan, of Hagerstown, Ind. They have one son living.

Washington I. Dulin was born in Wayne County, Ind., in 1842, ason of William and Beulah (Brown) Dulin, his father a native of Maryland, and his mother a native of New Jersey. His father came West in 1828 and located in Richmond where he engaged in mercantile business, afterward spending eighteen years on a farm near the city, then returning again to the city, where he died in 1874. Although he was superintendent of afarm, and of a large number ot slaves while a resident of Maryland, he was always thereafter an active Whig and Republican. Our subject is the fourth of five children. He lived with his parents on the farm until he was sixteen, received an academical education in Richmond, since which time he has engaged in mercantile pursuits, eleven years being devoted to the lumber trade. He has served two terms asa member of the City Council, and is now one of the Directors of the Richmond Business Men's Exchange, and has always taken an active interest in the growth and prosperity of his native city. Mr. Dulin was married in 1862 to Rebecca, youngest daughter of Thomas Newman.

George P. Early, stenographer for Gaar, Scott & Co., is a native of Preble County, Ohio, a son of John and Eliza (Dearth) Early. His mother died when he was three years of age leaving two children, and since he was ten years of age he has taken care of himself. His education has been received by private instruction and in the Eaton schools. He taught school four years, and during that time took an active part in the teachers' associations. In 1877 he began the study of stenography, and in 1881 came to Richmond and was employed by the Hoosier Drill Company, and subsequently by Gaar, Scott & Co., as stenograher and caligraphist. In February, 1882, he was married to Viola Swisher, of Preble County, Ohio, who was astudent of Earlham College. She died Jan. 29, 1883, leaving one child - Henry.

Geo. P. Emswiler, son of Dr. J. P. and Elizabeth (Mitchel) Emswiler, was born in the town of York, York Co., Pa., Jan. 15, 1830. His grandfather, Philip Emswiler, was a native of Germany and came to America in his youth, locating, it is believed, in Shenandoah County, Va. His father was a native of Virginia, and his mother of Baltimore, Md. In 1845 his parents removed to Johnson County, Ind., and one year later to Germantown, Wayne County. In 1850 they removed to Knightstown, Henry County, where both his parents died. Our subject was the eldest of ten children, and ina great degree lacked the opportunities of even a common-school education; but being ambitious and studious, he applied himself to private study, and acquired all the essential elements of a practical education. When twelve years of age he began clerking in a dry-goods house in Harrisburg, Pa., remaining there until his parents came to Indiana. In December, 1847, he came to Richmond, obtaining employment of Strattan & Wright, afterward Benjamin Strattan, remaining with them for five years. In 1855 he accepted a position in the Citizens Bank, tendered him by Morrisson, Blanchard & Co., proprietors, remaining there until March, 1857, when he formed a partnership with Christian Zimmer, the firm name being Zimmer & Emswiler. Three years later Mr. Zimmer retired from the firm, and Mr. Emswiler became associated with Alvin E. Crocker. After six years of successful business, Mr. Crocker retired from the firm and Mr. Emswiler continued alone about two years. Disposing of his stock he retired from the active duties of the merchant to a less perplexing and more quiet life. He is not a member of any religious denomination, but does not, therefore, have less faith in every good work, moral and intellectual, which tends to the elevation of his race. He has been twice married. His first wife was Martha A., daughter of Andrew and Mary Finley, and a niece of Jobn Finley, Esq., for many years Mayor of the city of Richmond.

They had three children - Charles F., Albert F. and Mary Alice, the latter of whom alone survives. Mrs. Emswiler died April- 6, 1877. Mr. Emswiler afterward married Attilia R., daughter of George W. Goodrich, of Peru, Ind. She departed this life Feb. 20, 1881, aged thirty-nine years.

J. J. Finney, a son of Paulinus and Hannah (Taylor) Finney, was born near Niagara Falls, N. Y., Oct. 3, 1829. His father was a native of Essex County, N. Y., born in 1797. His mother was a native of Burlington, Vt., and a lineal descendant of General Zachary Taylor. His parents were married in 1821, and in 1839 settled in Butler County, Ohio, where his father died Aug. 1 and his mother Aug. 17, 1849, of cholera. His father taught a school of thirty-five pupils near Middletown, five of whom were his own children. At the death of his parents the family were left in limited circumstances, and the four youngest children were provided with homes, while the older ones went to learn trades. Our subject carried brick for masons until the November following his parents' death and then began learning the blacksmith's trade with Kline & Lockwood, serving an apprenticeship of three years. He received $3 a month and his board and washing the first year, $4 a month the second year, and $5 the third year. During the entire time he lost but nine days, three of which were occasioned by the death of a sister. In the fall of 1852 he opened a shop in West Milton, Ohio, which he carried on till 1859, when he worked as a journeyman in Eaton, Indianapolis, and Richmond, in the latter place for S. R. Lipencott. Oct. 12, 1861, he enlisted in Company B, Fifty-seventh Indiana Infantry, and was elected First Lieutenant. May 30, 1862, he was commissioned Captain and assigned to the command of Company D. He served with his regiment during the term of their enlistment, participating in the battles of Nashville, Pittsburg Landing or Shiloh, Corinth, the long and weary marches across Alabama, and back into Southern and Middle Tennessee, and thence to Kentucky in pursuit of Bragg. They took part in the closing scenes of the battle of Perryville, in the battles of Stone River and Chattanooga, and also all the battles incident to the Atlanta campaign. Feb.

4, 1865, he was mustered out on account of expiration of his term of service and was recommended by Governor Morton as Major and assigned to the One Hundred and Forty-seventh Indiana Infantry and served till September, 1865. Three of his brothers served through the entire war as Captains and all returned home uninjured. After his return home he formed a partnership with D. B. Strattan and carried on a blacksmith shop till September, 1878, when a partnership was formed with J. J. Chase, under the firm name of Chase & Finney, and carried on a rag house four years. In 1869 he was appointed Assistant Assessor in the Revenue Department, and served till the office was abolished. In February, 1880, he was elected by the Upper and Lower House of Indiana to the office of Director of the State prison, South, at Jefferson, and Oct. 1, 1883, was elected Chief of Police of Richmond. In 1853 Mr. Finney joined the Odd Fellows fraternity at Eaton, Ohio, and in 1865 transferred his membership to Lodge No. 254, Richmond. He has represented the lodge and encampment in the Grand Lodge and Encampment of the State, and has held all the important offices of both lodge and encampment. He is also a member of the A. P. A., the Red Men, Knights of Pythias, and is now Quartermaster of Sol. Meredith's Post, No. 69, G. A. R. Politically he is a Republican. His father was so much an Abolitionist that he would not support General Taylor, and used to say to his sons, ''I may not live to see it, but you, my boys, will see, ere twenty years go over your heads, that there will be no Whig and Democratic parties, but in their stead a Union and Anti-Union party, and a great war between the North and South where rivers of blood will flow, and when that time comes I want you to be on the side of freedom, right and justice." Mr. Finney has been true to his father's injunction and takes an active part in all political matters. He was reared in the Methodist church, and though not a member of any church has a preference for that denomination. He was married Dec. 26, 1855, to Sallie A. Long, of Eaton, Ohio. They have three daughters - Cora L., now Mrs. J. E. Jones; Lizzie M., now Mrs. Will H. Campbell, and Ida. The two eldest are graduates of the

J. G. Ford is a native of Oxford, Chester Co., Pa., born March 6, 1845. In April, 1861, he entered the Signal Service of the United States Army and served till October, 1865. He endured many hardships and privations; was with the fleet that sailed from Fortress Monroe to Port Royal, S. C., March 28, 1867. He was employed as switchman on the C. & G. E. Railroad, at Chicago, Ill., and has been eighteen years in the employ of the road, now known as the Pan Handle Railway, he having the position of brakeman, baggagemaster, bill clerk, baggage agent, and in December, 1882, was appointed baggage agent at Richmond, Ind.. In September, 1883, he was appointed station master. He has resided in Richmond since 1872. He was married to Miss Ella N. Nye, of Richmond. They have had four children. Mr. Ford is a member of Lodge No. 196, F. & A. M., and Banner Lodge, No. 359, 1. O. O. F., New London, Pa.

Simon Fox, merchant tailor, No. 714 Main street, Richmond, Ind. There is, perhaps, no firm in Richmond, in the same line of business, so well known as that of Simon Fox. Commencing the business as junior member of the firm of Kern & Fox, merchant tailors, in the building now occupied by Irvin Reed & Sons, in 1865, this hoyse is deserving of more than ordinary mention. Continuing as a member of that firm for five years Mr. Fox purchased the interest of his partner and removed to the northeast corner of Sixth and Main streets, where he remained for over ten years, establishing an extensive trade throughout this and adjoining counties. On the 2d of March, 1881, he removed his stock of goods to No. 714 Main street, in Vaughan's new block, the largest and handsomest business structure in the city. The store-room is 18 x 95 feet in size, fitted with walnut counters, a handsome all plate-glass front, with a stock of piece goods equal in variety, quality and selection-to any similar concern in the State. Mr. Fox, in busy seasons, employs about twenty hands. Mr. Fox is anative of France; came to America in 1855, and has been a resident of this city eighteen years. He has attained the rank of leader in his line of business, and is, deservingly, so credited.

Robert Furnace, M. D., was born in Warren County, Ohio, in 1830; a son of Seth and Dinah (Kindley) Furnace, his father of English and his mother of German descent, he being able to trace his ancestry to 1630 on the father's side and to 1680 on the mother's. For many generations the ancestors have been Friends, his grandmother and mother both being ministers in that society. He, for many years, has been an acknowledged minister and since coming to Richmond has been prominently identified with and has labored efficiently for the society. The family has figured prominently in political circles, a great uncle, Wilkinson Furnace, having represented Ohio in the United States Senate. The Furnace family settled in Ohio from South Carolina in 1803, in Miami and Warren counties, our subject's grand-parents locating in the latter county. His mother was a native of that county and his father of South Carolina. To them were born four children - Davis, Robert, Mary, and an infant (deceased}. Dr. Furnace was reared a farmer, but began reading medicine in Waynesville, Ohio, and in 1863 began the practice of his profession. He graduated from the Homeopathic department of Pulte Medical School, Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1875, after having practiced thirteen years. He came to Richmond in 1881, where he now has a good practice. He was married in 1853 to Bethiah Mosher, a native of what is now Morrow County, Ohio. To them have been born eight children, but five of whom are living - Mary, wife of William T. Frame; Seth W., Eunice, and Robert H.

Abram Gaar. - lIn all ages there has been no class of literature more sought after in public libraries, and its pages more earnestly perused, than that of biography, and especially is the history of men's lives interesting, who entered the wilds of any new country and claimed the virgin soils as their heritage. The reader finds it wonderfully absorbing from the first to the last chapter, and then there is a powerfu impulse to read -it over and over again. The trials, and successes of the early settlers; their wars and treaties with Indians; captures, escapes and almost miraculous recoveries ot women and children; great conspiracies, which only lacked success to change the history of our country and turn back- ward for a whole century the course of civilization; romance, sentiment, toil, tribulation and gigantic achievements of a class of brave and hardy men and women, of whom their descendants can not learn enough, will probably never find a more complete and attractive record than in the present volume.

Had not Homer tuned his lofty lyre, observes Cicero, the valor of Achilles had remained unsung. The valor of our pioneers was never surpassed, and with another Homer to celebrate their achievements the grandest epic in all literature would enrapture our age.

In the class of pioneer settlers of Wayne county to whom such honors are due, we record that of the Gaar family, who have from 1807 brilliantly marked a pathway in the history of Wayne County.

The family are of German extraction, but the time the ancestors first stepped on American soil is not definitely known. Abraham Gaar (grandfather of the President of Gaar, Scott & Co.'s Machine Works) was born in Hanover County, Va., Feb. 28. 1796, and grew to manhood in his native State, a living witness to many of the hardships of the war that freed America from English tyranny. He married Dinah Weaver who was also a native of Virginia and of German extraction. In 1805 they with their family moved to Kentucky, but afterward thought a more desirable location could be found and accordingly, in the spriug of 1807, made their advent into what is now Boston Township, Wayne Co., Ind. Here Abraham entered from the Government a quarter-section of wild land. The programme was first to fell the trees and open out a spot on which to raise the necessaries of life together with that of erecting a rude log cabin in which to move his family. Ere long the bleak winds of winter began to play about the pioneer's home, and chinking and plastering the openings in the log hut became a duty, in order to secure comfortable quarters for the winter. Even in this early day, when churches and the glad tidings of salvation were seldom proclaimed aloud, this noble family never neglected the duty to their God, hence were ever faithful members in the regular Baptist church and were noble assistants in estab- lishing a church of their choice. They were ever active in every good work. He succeeded well through life; although he came to Wayne County comparatively poor, by good management, willing hands and a brave heart he accumulated a good property. Aug. 20, 1861, ended the earthly career of one of the noblest pioneers of Wayne County, viz.: Abraham Gaar. His wife, Dinah, died Sept. 26, 1834, aged sixty-six years, ten months and one day.

They were the parents of eight children - Jonas; Fielding, who died in Utah; Larkin, who now resides on the old homestead in Boston Township; Abel, now resides in Michigan; Fannie, deceased, wife of William Lamb, of Iowa; Rosa, deceased, wife of John Ingels; Martha, wife of Jeptha Turner, and Eliza J., wife of Thomas Henderson, of lowa. Jonas, the father of our subject (Abram), was bornin Madison County, Va. Feb. 1, 1792. He and his younger brother, Fielding, were both soldiers in the Indian war of 1812, doing duty on the frontier in defense of the homes and lives of the border settlers. Jonas being a youth of fifteen when his father settled in Eastern Indiana among the wilds of nature, it became his duty to assist in clearing up his fathers farm, which he nobly performed. On reaching his majority, having acquired a limited education only,in the pioneer schools, he thought it advisable to take up some trade and accordingly settled upon that of eabinet-making, and in 1820 settled in the hamlet of Richmond to conduct his trade, where he continued several years. He was a man of progress and advancement, and in 1835 he, in company with Abel Thornley and Job W. Swain, established a foundry and machine shop, which was put into operation by the water draining from a swamp into the river near where the present county jail is located. This enterprise only survived a few years, and for about one decade he was identified with other interests. In 1849 he, together with his sons Abram and John M., and son-in-law, Wm. G. Scott, bought of Jesse M. and John A. Hutton, their machine works, which later grew into the extensive spring foundry, subsequently into the Gaar Machine Works, and lastly into the Gaar, Scott & Co.'s Machine Works. Jonas Gaar lived to be identified in the history of the above works until June 21, 1875, when death released his earthly cares. He was through life an active worker in all causes tending to elevate society and to the upbuilding of mankind. His wife, to whom he was joined in 1818, was Sarah Watson, a native of Kentucky, and died Nov. 8, 1863. They had eight children - Abram, born Nov. 14, 1819; Malinda, born Noy. 11, 1821; John Milton, born May 26, 1823; Samuel W., born Oct. 22, 1824; Fielding, born Jan. 1, 1827; Emeline, born June 16, 1829; Elizabeth, born July 27, 1831; Fannie A., born Oct. 5, 1833. Abram, the eldest of the family, and now President of the Gaar, Scott & Co. Machine Works, is a native of Wayne County. His father moved to Richmond when he (Abram) was in infancy, hence he has been almost a life-long citizen of the city of Richmond. His boyhood and youthful days were spent in his father's cabinet shop together with some time in the primitive schools of that day. Having been an apprentice with his father a few years, in 1835, when his father engaged in the foundry, Abram being a natural mechanic, worked at pattern-making, building wooden machinery, etc., though but about eighteen years old, but misfortune soon over-took his father and Abram was soon out of employment in that institution. During the years of 1839 and 1840 he worked with Ellis Nordyke at millwrighting. At this period hard times were inevitable and he gave up mechanics for a time and turned his attention to a literary pursuit. He attended school for some time and in 1842 closed his last session with James M. Poe as teacher. In 1843 he resumed mechanical labor by engaging with J. M. & J. H. Hutton in the Old Spring Foundry machine shops. Here he devoted his time closely letting his wages stand until 1849 when he, his father, brother J. M., and brother-in-law Wm.G. Scott bought the foundry and started under the name of A. Gaar & Co. Here the foundation was laid for the future extensive manufactory of Indiana. From this junction to the present Mr. Garr has been closely identified with the works. Politically Mr. Gaar was reared a Democrat and so continued until the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, when he left the party and became a Republican from that time forward, although he is not an office seeker. He belongs to no secret order, but has at all times been in sympathy with and advocated the cause of temperance. In 1867 Mr. Gaar became a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, to which his wife, to whom he was joined March 26, 1851, also belongs. He has always been a liberal contributor in all enterprises tending to elevate mankind and society, and toward the erection of the First Methodist Church in Richmond in 1883, he contributed over $5,000. In 1868 he was elected one of the Trustees of the Home for the Friendless Women, where he served about nine years withour remuneration, which he did cheerfully. In 1876 he erected a very superior residence on his farm two miles from the city, where he now lives with every comfort and pleasure necessary to life.

C. A. Gaar, pattern-maker, son of A. Gaar, was born April 13, 1859, in Richmond, where he has always resided. He learned the pattern-maker's trade, and has worked in the establishment of Gaar, Scott & Co. several years. He was married to Fannie McMeans, who was born Oct. 5, 1864, and is a daughter of A. L. McMeans, of this city.

John M. Gaar, of the firm of Garr, Scott & Co., is a son of Jonas Gaar. He was born in Richmond, May 26, 1823, and in early life he learned his trade in his father's shop. He has been connected with the extensive machine works from its organization as stockholder and Director, and has served most of the time as Treasurer. Within the last few years he has devoted his time to stock-raising and attending to his extensive farm in Henry County, Ind. He was married Jan. 20, 1848, to Hannah A. Rattray, who died June 6, 1849, and Sept. 16, 1856, he was again married to Helen M. Rattray, who was born March 2, 1840.

Samuel W. Gaar, of Gaar, Scott & Co., was born Oct. 22, 1824, in Richmond, a son of Jonas Gaar. He received a limited education in the common schools, and when fourteen years of age began working in the blacksmith's shop of the Richmond foundry, remaining there till 1841, having been one of the leading smiths for a number of years. When the machine works were reorganized and changed to Gaar, Scott & Co., he became one of the stockholders. Oct. 19, 1865, he married Mrs. Elizabeth (Kirklen) Townsend, widow of William Townsend, and a native of Preble County, Ohio, born in 1832. She has four children - Clinton, William, Henry and James. Mr. Gaar has been a member of the I. O. O. F. fraternity a number of years.

Jacob Getz was born in Wirtemberg, Germany, in December, 1832, a son of John and Mary Getz. His parents were in limited cireumstances, and being one of five children, his educational advantages were meager. His parents died when he was quite young, and in 1854 he came to America and settled in New Jersey. In 1857 he removed to Ohio, and in 1858 to Richmond, Ind. He worked in the oil-mill till 1861, when he enlisted in Company D, Eighth Indiana Infantry, for three months. In the fall of 1861 he enlisted for three years in Company C, Second Indiana Cavalry. He participated in the battles of Pittsburg Landing, Vinegar Hill and Gallitan. In the fall of 1864 he returned home and again went to work in the oil-mill, remaining there seven years. He then opened a grocery and provision store at No. 829 North Tenth street, where he is doing a good business. He was married in 1866 to Setta Sheibler. They have two children - John J. and Clara E. Mr. and Mrs. Getz are members of the St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church. He is a member of the Odd Fellow's order and the German Beneyolent Society.

Josiah Gilbert was born in Wales, and when a child was brought to America by his parents. He grew to maturity in North Carolina, and married Mary Nixon, a native of that State. About the year 1812 he moved with his family to Wayne County, Ind., and entered a large tract of land, a part of which lies in the south part of Richmond. He cleared and cultivated this land to a considerable extent, and about 1830 he entered a large tract of land in Dudley Township, Henry Co., Ind., where he resided till his death. His wife survived him several years. Of his children, Morris, the second youngest, was born in 1817, south of Richmond. He followed farming through life, and died in Plainfield, Ind., in February, 1880. He was twice married. His first wife was Elizabeth, daughter of John Elliott, of Wayne County, and to this union two children were born. J. B., the youngest, was born in Henry County, Ind., in 1840, and in 1860 came to Richmond, where he was employed as clerk till 1866, since which he has been in business for himself, and is the oldest boot and shoe merchant in the city. Since 1869 he has occupied the store at 820 Main street, where he carries a full line of boots and shoes, and has in his employ eight regular salesmen and three workmen. He is a genial good fellow and has a big trade.

Isaac A. Gormon, Sheriff, Wayne County, Ind., was born in Highland County, Ohio, Dec. 25, 1847, a son of John W. and Priscilla (Johnson) Gormon. His grandfather, John Gormon, was a native of Virginia, of Irish descent. He married a lady of German descent. John W. Gormon was a native of Ohio. In 1858 he removed to Centreville, Ind., where he and his wife now live. Our subject is their first child. He received a limited education. When sixteen years of age, Sept. 3, 1863, he enlisted in Company E, Seventh Indiana Cavalry, but only served four months, when his father took the proper steps to have him released. In 1864 he began working at the blacksmith's trade at Louisville, Ind., and subsequently worked at different places in the State, and came to Richmond in 1866, worked in different shops, and in 1868 commenced work for Stratton & Finney; worked seven years. He then opened a shop with William L.Thomas. In 1878 he was appointed Deputy Sheriff under William H. Trindle, and in the fall of 1882 was elected Sheriff, running ahead of his ticket by several hundred. Politically he is a Republican. He is a member of the Odd Fellows' fraternity, having taken all the degrees, and also in the encampment. In 1875 he represented his lodge in the Grand Lodge of Indiana, He is also a member of the order of Red Men, the Independent Order of Mechanics, and a charter member of Iola Lodge, No. 53, K. of P. Mr. Gormon was married in 1871 to Mrs. Mary E. (Strickler) Moore, daughter of John Strickler. They have one son.

Howell Graves. - The Graves family were among the earliest settlers of Wayne County, coming here in 1816. Jacob Graves, the grandfather of our subject, died soon after com- ing to Richmond. His wife died in Delaware. They were the parents of five sons - Enos, Jonathan, Jacob, Nathan and John. The four former came to Wayne County, but the latter remained in Delaware. Enos settled about four miles northeast of Richmond, and cleared a farm. He brought a family of wife and six children with him, none of whom are living. Jacob brought a wife and eight children to Wayne County, only one of whom, Joseph C., now lives in Wayne County. He was by trade a tailor, but only worked at it a little after coming to the county. He was a strong anti-slavery man and a staunch Whig and Republican. He died soon after Lincoln's proclamation. Nathan settled three and a half miles from Richmond, and followed farming through life. He was twice married. By his first wife he had four children and by his second, five. Jonathan L. married Lydia Howell in Delaware, and in 1816 came to Wayne County and bought 240 acres of land at $8 an acre. He erected a saw-mill on Middle Fork of Whitewater River. He was politically a Whig, and was a prominent member of the Society of Friends. He died in 1825, leaving a wife and seven children. The wife died in 1846. Of the family there are living two - Howell and Warner, in Wayne County, the latter on the old homestead. Howell Graves was born in Wayne County in 1818. He followed farming till 1861, when he moved to Richmond, and for twenty years was one of the principal iron merchants of the city, but is now in the insurance and real estate business. He was married in 1845 to Hannah C., daughter of John and Esther Nicholson. They have four children - Esther A., wife of Joshua S. Rich, of Richmond; Emma, wife of Joseph M. Bayliss, of Wayne Township; Vernon D., an attorney of Richmond, and Josephine.

J. ©. Hadley, son of James and Ann (Underwood) Hadley, and grandson of Jeremiah and Mary (Dickey) Hadley, was born in Highland County, Ohio, in 1814. His grandfather was a native of North Carolina, of English and Scotch descent. He died when forty years of age. His grandmother lived till nearly 100 years of age. James Hadley was their third son, and after his marriage, in 1806, settled in High- land County, Ohio, cutting a road through on his way. In 1817 he removed to Clinton County, Ohio, where his wife died, March 19, 1845, and he Aug. 19, of the same year. Of their eleven children, only two are now living - James, of Dublin, Wayne Co., Ind., and our subject. J.C. was reared a farmer and received a common-school education. In March, 1854, he came to Richmond, Ind., and engaged in merchandizing, but was obliged to abandon it on account of failing health, and bought a farm, where he resided a few years. In 1861 he engaged in the fire insurance business. In 1878 he was eiected 'Township Trustee, and re-elected in 1880. In January, 1883, he was appointed Secretary of the Richmond Board of Underwriters. Mr. Hadley was married in 1837 to Emeline Hinman, of Clinton County, Ohio. They have a family of seven children, only two now living - William L. and Clark H. They are members of the Society of Friends, Mr. Hadley being Treasurer of the Whitewater Monthly Meeting of Friends.

W. B. Hadley, Quaker Chair Company, was born in Clinton County, Ohio, in 1830, a son of Jacob and Mary (Butler) Hadley, the former a native of North Carolina, and the latter a native of Georgia, and a daughter of Bail Butler, an early settler of Wayne County, Ind. They died in Clinton County, Ohio. Seven children were born to them, our subject being the third child. He was reared tu farm life, receiving only a common-school education. He first engaged in merchandizing in his native county, and later was in the oil business in Pennsylvania. He moved to Richmond in 1866, and engaged in the grain trade, but later in the mercantile business. He then manufactured hubs and spokes till 1879, since which he has been in the chair factory. His wife's name was Rebecca J. Bradley. They are the parents of two daughters.

Benjamin Harris. - Among the earliest settlers of Dearborn, now Wayne, County, Ind., who were prominent in promoting its advancement may be mentioned the Harris family. The great-grandfather of our subject was born in Wales, but was banished from his native land when a young man, on account of his Protestant ideas, and came to America, locating in the Atlantic States. His family consisted of three sons and two daughters. James settled in Richmond, Va., where he became wealthy. One daughter married a Mr. Lynch, founder of Lynchburg, Va. Of Robert and the other daughter but littleis known. Obediah, the grandfather of our subject, was a Quaker preacher, and settled in Guilford County, N. C., where he lived till 1810, when he came to Indiana and settled in New Garden Township, Wayne County. In early life he was very active and energetic, and possessed a wonderful power of endurance, but as his age advanced his weight increased, and for many years before his death it exceeded 300 pounds. He lived in Wayne County about twenty years, when he died aged over fourscore years. He had a family of three sons and five daughters - Mary, afterward Mrs. John Chipman; Sarah, afterward Mrs. Richard Mendenhall; Rachel, afterward Mrs. Abijah Jones; Judith, afterward Mrs. Jacob Cook; Rebecca, afterward Mrs. Mathew Allman; David, died when a young man, in North Carolina; Obediah and Benjamin. Obediah settled in Wayne County about the time of the war of 1812, and followed farming in New Garden Township. He was astrict member of the Society of Friends and served as a preacher many years. About 1820 he removed to Randolph County, where he died in 1858, aged eighty-three years and seven months. He first married Marie Mendenhall, who died in North Carolina. They had three children. He afterward married Mary Moorman, who died in Randolph County in 1844. She was the mother of nine children. He then married Mrs. Nuby, who died in 1853. His children were - Thomas, David, Rachel, Betsey, Susanna, Jonathan, John, Obediah, James, Ruth, Jesse M. and Mary. Jesse M. was bornin Richmond, Ind., Aug. 27, 1816. In 1837 he began the study of medicine with Stanton Judkins, M. D., of Fountain City, and subsequently was with Richard Pretlow, M. D., of Richmond. He attended Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati, two terms, and in 1841 began practicing in Henry County, Iowa. In 1850 he returned to Richmond where he still resides. He was married in 1843 to Gulielma, daughter of William Harvey, of Richmond. She died in 1856 leaving two children - Abanus and George W. He then married Emily J., daughter of David Hampton, who died Jan. 5, 1881, leaving three children - Jane M., Mary L. and Francis. Benjamin Harris, Sr., father of our subject, was married in North Carolina to Margaret Ingle, and in 1807 they came to Indiana. He entered a quarter-section of land, which he improved and lived on till his death, in 1850. He was a man of more than ordinary ability, and at the time the county seat was moved from Salisbury to Centreville was one of the County Commissioners favoring the removal. In religion he adhered to the faith of his father. He had astrong constitution and weighed 200 pounds. His wife survived him till 1853. They were the parents of fifteen children, two of whom died in North Carolina. We give the names of those who grew to maturity; the five youngest were born in Wayne County - Obediah, Pleasant, James, Barsheba, John, Benjamin, Rebecca, Sarah, Margaret, David, Aaron, Elizabeth and Nathan. Benjamin, our subject, was born in Guilford County, N. ©., Nov. 3, 1798. He has been a farmer and stock-raiser through life, paying special attention to the latter industry. He was very successful but by his confidence in his fellow men was reduced to medium circumstances, although he is now again in the enjoyment of affluence, and is living retired from active business pursuits. Politically he has been a Whig and Republican, and was one of the first in his township to take a decided part in the antislavery movement. He was married in 1821 to Lydia Hiatt, a native of Virginia, and at 'once settled on his farm in Green Township, where his wife died in 1867. In 1869 he moved to Richinond, and in April, 1870, married Hannah A. Estell, of New Jersey. To Mr. Harris and his first wife were born ten children - Cynthia, widow of Nathan Fisher, of Oregon; Winston, of Green Township; Addison, of Fountain City; Sarah, wife of Ensley Overman, of Webster Township; Nancy, wife of Joseph Conner, of Logan County, Mo.; Mary, wife of Nathan Overman, of Grant County, Ind.; Susan, deceased wife of Simon Bond, of Webster Township; Minerva, ` wife of William Wilcoxen, of Nebraska; James M., a physician of Yellow Springs, Ohio, and Martha J., of Nebraska. Joshua W. Haines was born in Burlington County, N. J., in 1815, a son of Joshua W., and grandson of Joseph Haines, of English and Welsh descent. He was reared on a farm and acquired a fair education at Westtown College, a Quaker school, twenty-four miles from Philadelphia. In early manhood he taught school, and in 1840 taught the second school in the Academy at Dublin, Wayne County, Ind. He subsequently was connected with mercantile pursuits in Trenton, N. J., and Philadelphia, Pa. In 1851 he came to Richmond, and established the first dry-goods store on the cash system in Richmond. He continued in business till 1875 when he retired from the trade, but in 1878 became again engaged in business. In 1880 his son took the stock to Muncie, Ind., and Mr. Haines is now living a retired lite. In1852 he was married to Mary Parry, a native of Burlington County, N. J., and a daughter of John R. and Letitia Penn (Smith) Parry. Her mother was a sister of Senator Oliver H. Smith, of Indiana. The Parry family are of Welsh extraction. Mr. and Mrs. Haines have had three children - Parry, Letitia, wife of Jason Evans Cook, and Francenian H., wife of Dr. Frank C. Dale, U. S. A.

John Hatfield, liveryman, Richmond, is the son of Thomas Hatfield and grandson of Jonas Hatfield, who was born, reared and married in Pennsylvania. He removed to Kentucky about 1793, but shortly after settled in Montgomery County, Ohio. Early in the present century he settled on Greens Fork, Clay Township, Wayne Co., Ind., where he experienced all the privations of pioneer life till his death, in 1817. He wasa member of the Society of Friends. His wife, Rachel, died at Washington, Ind. Their children - Thomas, Jonas, John, Nathan, Deborah, Rachel, Mary and Ann - all settled in Wayne County. Thomas, father of our subject, was a native of Pennsylvania, but came with his father to Indiana and bought a farm comprising the present site of Washington, which he cleared and laid out that village. He resided ther many years and followed the carpenter's trade and kept an inn. The latter part of his life was spent in Wabash, Ind., until a few years previous to his death, when he returned to Washington, and died in 1853. His wife survived him till 1875. Their children were - Lydia, widow of John Martindale; Jonas; Richard, deceased; Mary, widow of George Gill; John; Matilda, wife of Charles Hobson, of Kansas; Melinda, who was married to Cyrus E. Gales, but are both now deceased, and Jane, wife of Edwin Freel, of Huntington County, Ind. John Hatfield, whose name heads this sketch, is a native of Wayne County, where he has spent most of his life. He learned the carpenter's and cabinet. maker's trade at which he worked several years, but is now a prominent liveryman of Richmond.

John Henly was born in Wayne County, Ind., Aug. 11, 1815, a son of Micajah and Gulielma (Charles) Henly. His father was the sixth of seven children of John Henly, a native of North Carolina, of English descent, and was born in the latter State in 1785. In 1812, with his father-in-law, Samuel Charles, and family, he came to Indiana and settled in Wayne County. He bought a farm of 160 acres two miles southeast of Richmond, residing there till his death in 1857. His wife died in 1860, aged sixty-eight years. They were members of the Society of Friends. They had a family of eight children - Mary (deceased), wife of Hannon Hill; John, our subject; Rebecea, widow of Reuben Hunt; Samuel; Naomi, wite of Washington Hadley, of Lawrence, Kas.; Martha, wife of Joseph E. Stratton, both deceased; Henry, deceased; Gulielma (deceased), wife of Mordecai Parry. Our subject was the eldest son and the duty of assisting his father devolved on him. His early education was limited, having to go from one to three miles to school. He remained at home till twentyseven years of age. He learned the carpenter's trade and by applying himself to study, acquired an average education and taught several terms of school. In 1842 he married Naomi, daughter of William Clawson, a pioneer of Wayne County. They had no children. Mrs. Henly died, and Mr. Henly subsequently married Mariam, daughter of Robert and Rachel Green, a native of Wayne County, Ind. They have one son - Robert M.

James H. Hibberd, M. D., was born near New Market, Frederick Co., Md., Nov. 4, 1816, a son of Joseph and Rachel (Wright) Hibberd. His grandfather, Joel Wright, was a noted surveyor, and settled in Ohio in the early part of the nineteenth century. His parental ancestors were of Eng- lish birth and came to America with William Penn, settling in Pennsylvana, where his father was born in April, 1879, and when still a child removed with his parents to Frederick County, Md., where, March 15, 1806, he married Rachel Wright. Ofa family of five sons and one daughter but three sons are now living, the subject of our sketch being the youngest. His mother died in 1844 and his father in 1866. From 1825 to 1837 he lived with his uncle, Aaron Hibberd, near Martinsburg, Berkley Co., Va., attending school and working on the farm and in the woolen-mill. He subsequently took a course in the Hallowell Classical School at Alexandria, Va. In 1837 he took charge of his father's farm near Springboro, Warren Co., Ohio. Having chosen the medical profession as his life work, in 1838 he commenced reading under his cousin, Dr. Aaron Wright. In 1839-'40 he attended lectures at the Medical Department of Yale College, and Aug. 14, 1840, commenced practicing at Salem, Montgomery Co., Ohio. In 1848 he entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, and graduated in March, 1849. He was immediately appointed Surgeon of the Commercial Steamship Senator, which made a trip to Amazon River, Rio Janeiro, St. Catharines, Patagonia, Chili and the cities on the Pacific Coast of South and Central America, thence to San Francisco, Cal., the voyage consuming seven and a half months. He remained in California till 1855, practicing medicine and dealing extensively in real estate. The fall and winter of 1855-56 he spent in New York reviewing his medical studies. In June, 1856, he opened an office in Dayton, Ohio, but four months later removed to Richmond, Ind., where he has built up a large and lucrative practice. During the session of 1860-'61 he filled the Chair of Physiology and General Pathology in the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati. Dr. Hibberd is a member of the city, county, district, State, tri-State, Rocky Mountain aud American Medical associations, and has been President ofall save the latter, of which he has served as First Vice- President. The doctor has written a number of medical essays and has recently reviewed a large number of medical books for a prominent journal. The years 1869 and 1870 were spent in traveling in the Old World, and were the means of increasing his store of general knowledge. Politically he has affiliated with the Whig and Republican parties, and although not an aspirant for office served in the Ohio State Legislature from 1845 to 1847. He was a member of the Richmond City Council from 1872 to 1874, and the two succeeding years was Mayor of Richmond. His parents were members of the Society of Friends, but since reaching manhood he has severed his connection with the society. He was for many years a member of the Odd Fellows fraternity; was a member of the Grand Lodge, and was High Priest of the encampment at Dayton, Ohio, but in 1850 his papers were sent from Dayton to California and were lost, and he has never applied for reinstatement. Dr. Hibberd has been married three times. His first wife was Nancy D. Higgins, to whom he was married in March, 1842, in Montgomery County, Ohio. In May, 1856, he married Catherine Leeds, in Richmond, and in April, 1871, he married Lizzie M. Laws. He has two sons - Elgar Grant, born April 24, 1844, and Wilton Leeds, born Sept. 3, 1858. Robert Hill, deceased, was a native of North Carolina, born Jan. 31, 1780, a son of William Hill. He was married April 30, 1801, to Susannah Morgan, a native of North Carolina, born March 24, 1782. In 1802 they removed to Ohio, and settled on a farm near Cincinnati, on the present site ot Cumminsville, but in 1805 removed to Indiana and entered forty acres of land three miles east of Richmond, which he added to from time to time till he owned 260 acres. Mr. Hill was a man of well-balanced mind, and his business was always carried on systematically. Politically he was a Whig and was one of Wayne County's first representatives in the State Legislature, serving two terms. His wife died in 1827. To them were born ten children - Martha, William, Benjamin, Samuel, Elizabeth (widow ot Charles Shute, Sr.), Mary (wife of William Parry), Peninnah (wife of Edward Shaw), Charles, Robertand George. Martha, William, Benjamin and George are deceased. Nov. 26, 1829, Mr. Hill married Mrs. Rebecca Lathrop, widow of Dr. Lathrop, of Waynesville, Warren Co., Ohio. She died August, 1871. Mr. Hill died Noy. 8, 1850.

Samuel B. Hindman, foreman in the Wood machinery department at Gaar, Scott & Co.'s, was born near Reiley, Butler Co., Ohio, Feb. 22, 1839. He attended the district school till thirteen years of age and afterward he attended an academy two winters. He was apprenticed three years at the druggists' trade and three years at the trade of wagon and carriage makers. In 1860-61 he manufactured wagons in Wilmington, Ohio, and in 1864 he engaged in the same business in Marysville, Cal. In 1864 he returned to Wilmington, Ohio, and worked as a journeyman till 1868, when he became foreman of a carriage wheel factory. He occupied this position till 1875, after which he engaged in the grocery trade two years, and Dec. 1, 1877, he was appointed to his present position. Sept. 12, 1861, he was married to Samantha A. Mills. 'They have one son - William D., born in Wilmington, Ohio, in 1865. Mrs. Hindman is a member of the Methodist church. His father, Andrew Hindman, was born in 1799 in Cumberland County, Pa., and in 1815 emigrated with his parents to Butler County, Ohio. He graduated from the Cincinnati Medical College in 1821 and the same year he began practicing medicine at Brownsville, Ind. In 1828 he removed to Richmond where he followed his profession till 1834. He was also engaged in the manufacture of hora combs, in connection with a Mr. Hamlin. He was married in 1821 to Margaret Trembly, who was born in 1799 in New Jersey and came to Butler County, Ohio, with her parents in 1806. Sheis ot French and English parentage.

Omar L. Hittle, real-estate broker, Richmond, Ind., was born in Richmond, Aug. 31, 1853, a son of Squire L. and Anna C. (Byers) Hittle, his father a native of Butler County, Ohio, and his mother of Dauphin County, Pa. His father was of French descent, the name being originally spelled Hittelle. His parents settled in Richmond in 1839, where his father was engaged in looking after lis own real estate. He died in April, 1875. He was one of the leading capitalists of Eastern Indiana, and was a shrewd business man. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, his wife being a member of the same church. Of their six children,

Omar L. is the fifth. He was educated in Richmond. In 1878 he erected the Hittle Block, a three-story brick building, stone front, 67 x 110 feet in size, on the corner of Ninth and Main streets. The first floor has three store rooms; the second floor fifteen offices, and the Masonic Hall occupying the entire third floor. Mr. Hittle is one of the enterprising young men of the city. He was married in 1877 to Mamie L. Patterson, of Richmond.

Robert Hodgin is anative of North Carolina, where he learned the trade of an iron-maker. He came to Richmond in 1866 and since that time has been identified in the mechanical department of the railroad shops. In 1879 he assumed the responsibility of foreman of the shops, being the successor of W. H. Converse. The present shops were erected in 1875, under the direction of the chief engineer of the Pittsburg, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railroad. They are 100 x 210 feet in size. Seventy hands are employed, and repair work is done for the First and Third divisions of the C., St. L. & P., G.R. & I. and the L. M. roads.

I. R. Howard, of the firm of I. R. Howard & Co., wholesale grocers, 202 and 204 Ft. Wayne avenue, Richmond, Ind., is a native of Henry County, Ind., where he was reared and educated. In 1860 he removed from New Castle to Richmond and became a partner in a wholesale grocery in Richmond, the firm name being Howard & Grubbs. This firm was succeeded in 1871 by 1. R. Howard & Co. In 1876 Mr. Howard erected his present business house, which is a two-story brick, 63 x 200 feet in size. Their trade is from all parts of Ohio and Indiana, and has been constantly increasing from the first. Mr. Howard is an energetic and reliable business man, and much of the success of the business is due to his management and farsightedness.

James B. Hughes was born in Berks County, Pa., Feb. 24, 1813, a 'son of John and Susan (Buchanan) Hughes, both natives of Berks County. In May, 1819, his parents removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, and shortly after to Springboro, Warren Co., Ohio, where his mother died May 24, 1824. In 1826 his father came to Richmond, where in 1827 he married Hannah Cook, a native of Gloucester County, N. J. He died

May 11, 1869, aged eighty-four years, and his second wife died Sept. 3, 1880. He had a family of six children - James B., Pheebe, John P., Eleanor S., Charles, and Susan, only two of whom, Charles and Eleanor, were married. Our subject learned the carpenter's trade of his father, and always followed that vocation. Although reared in a day when schooladvantages were limited, he acquired a good education, being well informed on all general subjects. He is a descendant of an old Quaker family, his great-grandfather coming to the United States with William Penn. His brother, John P., was a soldier in the Mexican war, and subsequently went to the Sandwich Islands, where he died in March, 1869. His brother Charles and a son were soldiers in the war of the Rebellion, his brother three years and his son four months.

C. B. Hunt, Secretary and Superintendent of the Richmond Castor Company, was born in Richmond, Ind., Nov. 23, 1845, son of Clayton Hunt. He was educated in the city schools and Earlham College. When fifteen years of age he went into his father's store, and four years later became a partner in the business, the firm name being O. Hunt & Sons. In 1868 the firm was changed to Hunt Brothers, and in 1872 C. B. Hunt became the sole proprietor. From 1879 till 1882 he owned and carried on the grocery in the building now occupied by Thompson & Good. He was married in 1866 to Fannie C. Hoffman, a native of Madison, Ind. Mr. and Mrs. Hunt are members of the Presbyterian church. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity.

Clayton Hunt was born in Burlington County, N. J., June 26, 1815, of Scotch descent, a son of John and Ann (Brown) Hunt. His father died in 1821 and his mother in 1857. They hada family of six children - Joseph B.; Susan B., wife of Richard Redrick; Esther W., wife of Abner Scott; Clayton, Benjamin, and Beulah. Esther and Clayton are the only members of the family now living. When he was thirteen years of age his widowed mother settled in Preble County, Ohio. In 1832 he came to Richinond and learned the trade of a coach and carriage maker with Benjamin Fulghum, who had his shop where the Huntington Hotel now stands. After completing his trade he worked for Fulghum & Sayler. In

1836 he commenced business for himself where the Vaughan Block now stands. In 1838 he removed to the north part of the lot No. 80, North Seventh street, and in 1857 bought a lot and built the building now owned by Philip Schneider, in connection with property fronting on Main street, and continued the carriage business until 1860, when he opened a grocery at 603 Main street, and for many years was the leading grocer of the city. In 1875 he retired from active business life. He served asa member of the School Board several years. Mr. Hunt is a member of the Society of Friends, as was also his wife. He has served the society as Treasurer of the Indiana Yearly Meetings for about thirteen years, Overseer in the church for some twenty years and many other positions of trust. Mr. Hunt was married Nov. 29, 1837, to Elizabeth, daughter of John and Mary Starr. She was born in Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 6, 1814, and died in Wayne County, July 29, 1881. They had a family of seven children - John S.. of Minneapolis; Joseph B., of Idaho; Mary S., deceased; Clayton B., of Richmond; Esther H., wife of Elwood Morris; Joshua and Benjamin (twins), of Richmond,

J. W. Jay, dentist, 718 Main street, Richmond, Ind., was born in Miami County, Ohio, Jan. 22, 1825. He is the eldest son of Thomas and Eliza (Wareham) Jay, his father, of Welsh descent, born in Warren County, Ohio, and his mother. of German descent, born in Bedford County, Pa. His mother died in Grant County, Ind., aged sixty-three years. His father died in Grant County, Ind., Jan. 27, 1883. The subject of this sketch was the son of a man in limited circumstances, and in early life received but a common-school education. By his own efforts he attended Franklin College, Johnson County, Ind., and later spent nearly two years at Earlham College, Ind. In 1846 he commenced teaching, an occupation which he followed for nearly eight years. In the meantime he took up the study of medicine with Dr. Jonathan Ellis, of Marion, Grant Co., Ind., andin the spring of 1855 graduated from the Eclectic Medical College, of Cincinnati, Ohio. He only practiced about three years and then studied dentistry at Indianapolis with Drs. Moftitt & Stone man, commencing his practice in 1859 at Knightstown, Ind., and since 1870 has resided in the city of Richmond.

D. W. Johnston, foreman paintshop of Gaar, Scott & Co., is a native of Chautauqua County, N. Y., born in 1837. He learned the painter's trade in Albany, N. Y., and in 1863 came to Richmond, Ind., and has since then been employed in his present position. He was married to E. J. Bates, of St. Johnsville, N. Y. They have seven children. Mr. Johnston has been a member of the Masonic fraternity since 1865, and now belongs to Webb Lodge, No. 24; King Solomon's Chapter, No. - ; Richmond Commandery, No. 8. He is also a member of Indiana Consistory, S. P. R. S., and Whitewater Lodge, No. 24, I. O. O.F.