Wayne County, Indiana - Chapter 19: Physicians and Scientists, 1912

The Early Medical Profession

The practice of medicine in the early history of the county was different in many respects from the practice of to-day. The population was at first scattering and the doctors few. The roads were few and often almost impassable, and it was only possible for the physician to visit his patient, if at all, either on foot or horseback. Slight ailments were treated by domestic remedies and only in the more serious forms of disease was the aid of the doctor sought, and he was usually paid in trade. In 1825 Dr. Pennington received, in payment, beef at two and a half cents per pound; pork at two and a half cents per pound; corn at ten cents per bushel, potatoes at twelve and one-half cents per bushel, and wheat at thirty-seven and one-half cents per bushel. From 1819 to 1846 the different forms of malarial fever were very common, and at times very fatal. Quinine, admitted to be the most successful remedy, was not discovered till 1820, and its cost prevented its use for a number of years. Dr. Pennington reported that he first used it about 1830, and it cost him $30 per ounce; now it retails for about fifty cents per ounce. Milk-sickness, or trembles, a very distressing and fatal form of sickness, prevailed in many localities in the western part of the county. It is said to have been very fatal about Jacksonburg, in 1823-24. Dr. Pennington stated that from 1830 to 1840 he treated many cases one mile south-of Dublin, and saw. cases on Nettle creek, near Hagerstown. The disease often proved fatal in a few days. It was supposed to be derived from milk, butter, cheese, and meat from

Contributors To Scientific Literature

Oliver P. Baer, M. D., was born in Frederick, Md., Aug. 25, 1816. He was sent to the Catholic schools for his early education. In 1827 his father moved to Dayton, Ohio, but*finally settled in Union. Oliver stayed in Dayton, where he went to school and attended Oxford College two years. In the summer of 1839 he made a geological tour through 'the Northwest and arrived in Louisville, Ky., in time for the opening of the Medical College, which he entered and placed himself under the immediate care of Profs. Daniel Drake and S. D. Gross. Here he remained until the spring of 1841. Having completed his studies, he returned home and was married March 25, 1841, to Miss Calista Mathewson, of Providence, R. I., who died six years later. His second marriage occurred July 11, 1848, to Miss Emma J. Crocker, of Richmond, Ind., formerly of Dartmouth, Mass. He came to Richmond, Sept. 3, 1849, in which place he remained until his death. Before coming to Richmond, Dr. Baer had practiced eight years. When he arrived in Richmond a severe epidemic of cholera was subsiding and the cases were growing milder. He was called to treat a number of cases and, because of their recovery, attention was drawn to him and his mode of practice. During his early practice in Richmond he was made the subject of much ridicule and persecution. Both the Philadelphia Hahnneman College and the Saint Louis Homeopathic College conferred the degree of Doctor of Medicine upon him. He wrote for the most of the Homeopathic journals and many of his articles were translated into the French and German medical journals. In 1867, Dr. Baer, with ten others, organized the Indiana Institute of Homeopathy in Indianapolis. He was elected president and held that office six years. He never failed to present a paper at each meeting. Besides his medical writings he wrote a number of articles on "Why we do not have severe storms in this locality." He claimed to have written the first article on atom mechanics in this country, assuming the polarity of atoms.

Charles S. Bond was born in Wayne county, June 8, 1856. He was educated in the public schools of Webster, Williamsburg, and Richmond, Ind., until sixteen years of age. He then entered Earlham College and remained there until the beginning of his Senior year. From there he went to Antioch College for two years. He taught six years and then studied in the Ohio Medical College at Cincinnati. He received the degree - Doctor of Medicine - from Bellevue Hospital Medical College, in 1883, and was one of four men chosen from the class for the valedictorian address. He received the degree of Doctor of Science and Master of Science from Earlham College in 1887. He married Julia M. Boyd, Sept. 18, 1883. He is a member of the Indiana Academy of Sciences, the Wayne County Medical Society, the American Medical Association, the Mississippi Valley Medical Society, the Association of American Physicians, and the Union District Medical Society; and he was a member of the Congress of Tuberculosis, in London, in 1901, and again in Washington, in 1908. He was the coroner of Wayne county in 1884-8 and was the health officer of Richmond from 1906 to 1910. He teaches photomicrography and pathology at the Indiana Medical College and lectures at the Miami School of Medicine, at Cincinnati. He has written many articles for the various medical papers and has addressed the medical societies to which he belongs many times. Some of his addresses are: 'Urea,' "Consumption in Indiana," "Chemistry of Drugs," "Purpose of Drugs," "Malaria" (illustrated), and the President's address, "Our duty towards scientific medicine." he attained his majority, after which he taught three terms in a district school. He then, in partnership with his brother-inlaw, Joel Hipes, built a grist and saw mill, which he left in 1846 on account of his failing health. During this time he was married to Monimia Bunnel, in 1844. In 1846 he began to study medicine with his father-in-law, William W. Bunnel, in Washington, Ind. (now Green's Fork). He took two courses of lectures at the Ohio Medical College, at Cincinnati, and graduated in the spring of 1849. He then followed his profession in Jacksonburg until 1861, when his wife died and he moved to Centerville, remaining there seven months. He entered the army as surgeon of the Eighty-fourth Indiana infantry, serving until the end of the war. During the last year he was on duty in No. 1 Hospital at Chattanooga, a part of the time having charge of the hospital. After the war he located in Dublin, where he lived until his death. He was married to Louise E. Vickory, of Pennsylvania, Sept. 5, 1865. He was an active member of the county and State Medical societies, was the president of the former several times, and was also president of the latter in 1876, and gave the president's address on "Empericism."" He was also a member of the American Medical Association, and the Union District Medical Society. He was a frequent contributor to various newspapers and medical journals and gave many addresses to the various medical societies to which he belonged. Among these are the following, read at the State meetings: 'Medical Legislation," "Veratrum Viride," "Tobacco," etc.

T. Henry Davis, M. D., was born on the Island of Nantucket, Mass., Sept. 29, 1836. He is indebted to the public school system for the educational privileges afforded him and to his efforts for the good derived therefrom. Having completed his school life at the early age of seventeen, he commenced the study of medicine with Dr. William P. Cross, of Nantucket. For three years this was continued, durimg which time he attended two courses of lectures at the Cleveland Medical College, subsequently graduating at the Homeopathic Medical College of Missouri, at St. Louis. During the year of 1857 a few months were spent in the South, but on finding no satisfactory location he came northward, finally settling in Richmond. The following year he married Louisa G. McDonald. He has served on the city council and has been president of the Board of Health. He has written a number of articles for the medical journals and other papers. His

David Worth Dennis is a native of Dalton township, Wayne county, and is a son of Nathan and Evelina' Dennis. Until he was sixteen years of age, Professor Dennis remained on his father's farm in Dalton township, attending the common schools and those conducted under the auspices of the Friends' church, to which his people belonged. When only seventeen he began teaching school, which profession he followed three years; then he continued his education further by studying at Earlham College. He was graduated in that institution at twenty-four years of age with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and since that time has taught almost continuously in the Richmond High School and Earlham College, with the exception of one year, 1889-90, which he spent with his family in Europe. He remained there fourteen months, during which time he visited Germany, France, Switzerland, Italy, England, and Scotland. Six months of that time he was a student in the universities of Bonn and Edinburg, pursuing a course in Embryology in the latter and in Biology in the former. The degree of Master of Arts was conferred upon him by Earlham College, in 1878, and that of Doctor of Philosophy, by Syracuse University, in 1886. After his graduation he spent two years in Earlham College, then four years as a teacher in the Richmond High School, and two years as president of Wilmington College. He then spent a year in rest and study, after which he began teaching in the Bloomingdale Academy, remaining there two years. He left Bloomingdale to return to Earlham College, at which place his labors have been continuous, except the year spent abroad and three months spent in Philadelphia, where he was under medical treatment. In addition to the work of the class-room, Professor Dennis lectures frequently. He is a member of the Tuesday Club, the Tourists' Club, and the University Extension Center. He has been married twice, his first wife having been Martha Curl, whom he married in 1876. He was married again, in 1900, to Emma Zeller. His writings are: "Key to Fossils of Richmond, Indiana," "One Hundred Lessons about Plants," "Indiana Birds," "Experimental Chemistry," and "The Bible and Nature."

Prof. Wilbur A. Fiske was for several years a teacher in the Richmond High Schools, teaching Chemistry and Applied Sciences. He met with marked success in his work here and was there- fore offered a place in Occidental College, California, where he continues the good work begun here with even greater success. He married Edna Bayne, of Greencastle, Ind. He wrote the "Physical Laboratory Manual," which was used as a text book in the Richmond High School. He also has written a number of monographs on scientific subjects as: "Science and Character," "Relative Value of Science and History," and "Chemistry of Photography." He was a member of the Indiana Academy of Science.

Mordecai Hiatt Fletcher, M. D., was born in Richmond, Ind., Sept. 18, 1849, His early life was spent in Richmond. He attended the preparatory department of Earlham College, about 1869 and 1870. From 1870 to 1879 he lived in New York, St. Louis, and Richmond, Ind. He began the study of Dentistry under Dr, J. W. Jay, of Richmond, in 1877. In the autumn of 1879, he entered the Ohio Dental College at Cincinnati, at which institution he graduated in 1880. In 1883 he entered Miami Medical College, where he graduated in 1884. He married Miss Anna E. Perry, of Richmond, April 2, 1884, one month after graduating in medicine. He belongs to the American Medical Association and has given a paper at that society almost every year for twenty years. In 1887, by request, he gave a paper before the Oral Surgery section of the International Medical Congress at Washington, D. C., on the "New Growth of the Pulp Chambers of Teeth of Mamalis,' which was the result of seven years of investigation. He filled the chair of Oral Surgery and Diseases of the Mouth at the Woman's Medical College at Cincinnati. He taught some subjects in the post-graduate courses at Miami College; also Histology at the Cincinnati Dental College. In July, 1895, Dr. Fletcher finished a course, and received an academic degree in Electrical Science and Electro-therapeutics at the National School of Electricity. In 1903 he took a course in Embryology at Earlham College and gave a course at the same time in Photo-micrography. He also received the degree of Master of Science from Earlham College. At the present time he is practicing in Cincinnati. He has written many papers in the endeavor to advance the science and art of the profession. Some of them are: "New Growth of the Pulp Chambers," "Some Notes on Experimental Implantation of Teeth,' "What a Dentist Saw in Examining 500 Craniums," "A Lesson in the Recuperative Power of Bone Tissues," "Periosteal Caries from Bacterial Origin,' "Alkaline Saliva," "Tolerance of the Tissues to Foreign

Bodies," "Unclean Mouth," "To What Extent are Teeth Necessary to Civilized Man," "What Is the Effect upon Progeny of the Loss of Teeth in Ancestry," "Alveolitis, or Some Pathologic Conditions Arising from Inefficient Care of the Mouth."

James Farquar Hibberd, M. D., was born near New Market, Frederick county, Maryland, Nov. 3, 1816, and died Sept. 8, 1903. His ancestors were of English birth and came to America with William Penn, settling in Pennsylvania and later moving to Maryland. From 1825 to 1837 Dr. Hibberd lived with his uncle, Aaron Hibberd, near Martinburg, Berkley county, Virginia, attending school and working on the farm and in the woolen mill. He subsequently took a course in the Hallowell Classical School at Alexandria, Va. Having chosen the medical profession as his life work, in 1838 he commenced reading under his cousin, Dr. Aaron Wright. In 1839-40 he attended lectures at the Medical Department of Yale College and, Aug. 14, 1840, he commenced practicing at Salem, Ohio. In 1848 he entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York and graduated in March, 1849. He was immediately appointed surgeon of the commercial steamship Senator, which made a trip around South America to San Francisco, the voyage consuming séven and a half months. He remained in California until 1855, practicing medicine and dealing extensively in real estate. In June, 1856, he opened an office in Dayton, Ohio, but four months later moved to Richmond, Ind., where he built up a large practice. During the session of 1860-61, he filled the chair of Physiology and General Pathology in the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati. The Doctor spent 1869-70 traveling through Europe and Asia Minor. Dr. Hibberd was married three times. His first wife was Nancy D. Higgins, to whom he was married in March, 1842. In May, 1856, he married Catherine Leeds, and in April, 1871, he married Lizzie M. Laws. He was a member of the city council, State and Tri-State, Rocky Mountain, and American medical associations, and was president of them all. He wrote a large number of articles for the medical journals. The following are the subjects of some of his addresses to the State Medical Associations: "Sanitary Conditions and Necessities of School Houses and School Life," "Addresses in Medical Jurisprudence, Psychology, State Medicine and Public Hygiene," "Relation of Matter and Mind in Hypnotism," "Essential Relation between Biology and Medicine," "A Short Study in Biology," "Past-partum Hemorrhage," "Inflammation - Past and Present," "Disinfectants," and "Urea."

Oliver N. Huff, M. D., was born in Fountain City, Ind., and received his primary education in the school of that place. Later he became a student in Earlham College. After working in Fountain City and Muncie, Ind., for some time, he took up the study of medicine, residing with Dr. John S. Harris. He then took a course at the University of Michigan, taking an extra year's work and graduating in 1878. Returning to Fountain City, he practiced two years with Dr. Harris; then he opened an office for himself and built up a good practice and remained until 1888, when he located in Chicago. He spent ten years in Chicago, taking a special course at the Chicago Clinics. Some five years after moving there he was appointed chief of the medical staff at the Augustian Hospital, at which institution he gave lectures. He also lectured before the Cook County Medical Clinics. While in Chicago, Dr. Huff wrote a treatise on typhoid fever and its causes in that city which attracted much attention. He married Miss Sophia R. Bogue in June, 1892. He is a member of the Chicago Medical Society, the North Chicago Medical Association, the Illinois State Medical Society, and the Wayne County Medical Society. He has had several papers before the county and State medical societies, one on "Etiology and Treatment of Acute Croupons of Lobar Pneumonia," before the State society.

Joseph Iutzi, M. D., was born in Middletown, Ohio, March 27, 1846. He began to study medicine in his native town and attended a course of lectures in the Cleveland Medical College, in 1868, and a second course in the Medical College of Ohio, graduating in 1871. He began to practice in Butler county, Ohio, but moved to Richmond in 1878. In 1889 he developed paralysis agitans, which finally caused his death. He had a clear, analytical mind that did not relax during his long suffering. Even to the last he kept in the closest connection with the world, in science, ethics, and politics. He could converse in French, German and Spanish. He was an active member of the county and State medical societies, having been secretary and president of the former. He was also a member of the American Medical Association. He served as a member of the Richmond Board of Health and contributed to the current periodical medical literature.

Vierling Kersey, M. D., was born in Guilford county, North Carolina, Sept. 8, 1809, and died in Richmond, June 3, 1875. He attended a course of lectures at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1838, and graduated in the Ohio Medical College in 1841. After practicing a few years outside of the county, he located in Milton in 1844. In 1861: he moved to Richmond, where . he resided until his death, He was a leading member of the county and State medical societies. Dr. Kersey was one of the founders of the Indiana State medical society, and met at its first convention in Indianapolis in 1849. He was its vice-president in 1852 and was elected president of the State society in 1866. Dr. Kersey was one of the most.prominent physicians of the State when he died, and was always painstaking and conscientious in his:work. He wrote many medical articles for the Indiana Medical Society.

James Mooney was born in Richmond, Ind., Feb. 10, 1861. His parents had emigrated from Ireland. He was educated in the public schools and after graduation taught a few years. In 1879 he entered the office of a daily paper, learning the trade and working both at the case and in the editorial room. In 1885 he moved to Washington, D. C., where he became a member of the Bureau of American Ethnology. He married Ione Lee Gaut, of Tennessee, in 1897. For years he. has conducted extended field investigations among the Southern and Western Indian tribes, particularly those of the Great Plains, and he has prepared Government Indian exhibits for the Chicago, Nashville, Omaha, and St. Louis expositions. He is a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science; American Anthropolic Association; Washington Academy of Sciences, the Anthropolic Society of Washington, and other scientific societies. He has written many articles on the Indians, their habits and customs. Some of them are: "Sacred Formulas of the Cherokees," "Siouan Tribes of the East," "The Messiah Religion and the Ghost Dance," "Calendar History of the Kiowa Indians," and "Myths of the Cherokees." | ;

Virginia Claypool Meredith was born in Fayette county, Indiana, Nov. 5, 1848. She conipleted her school course by her graduation from Glendale College, in 1866. She is a student and reader, and experience, observation, and thought have continually broadened her knowledge. She was married on April 27, 1870, to Henry Clay Meredith, and spent the greater part of her married life on Oakland Farm, near Cambridge City, Ind. After the death of her husband, in 1882, she assumed the management of the farm, for which work she was well fitted, for during her husband's active business career she was closely associated with him and had become an expert in the history and pedigrees of Short- horn cattle. She was Professor of Home Economics in the College of Agriculture, University of Minnesota, from 1877 to 1902. When the State authorized the holding of farmers' institutes and placed the management of the same with Purdue University, Mrs. Meredith was invited to address these meetings, which was the beginning of her career as a speaker. Her addresses were very interesting and showed that she was a master of the subject.

Joseph Moore was born Feb. 20, 1832, near Salem, Ind., and until he reached his majority lived at home on the farm, save when he was engaged in teaching school. He was educated in the Blue River Seminary, a Friends' school near his home, and was also employed as a teacher there one term. His first labors as a teacher were conducted in Jackson county, and his third term as a teacher was at a school near Azalia, Bartholomew county. Then he came to the Friends' Boarding School, now Earlham College, for special study, and at the end of the first term was engaged to act as assistant to the Principal. From 1853 to 1859 he studied science and taught in the college, and at length he entered Lawrence Scientific School, Harvard College. In 1861, at the end of two years' work, he received the degree of Bachelor of Science. Returning to Richmond, he accepted a professorship in Earlham College, which he held four years; but on account of failing health he resigned and entered upon educational work among the Friends of North Carolina and Tennessee, which work he continued three years. In 1869 he was honored by being called to the presidency of Earlham College, which he held fourteen consecutive years. From 1888 until he retired he held the chair of Geology and Botany in Earlham College and was the curator of the justly celebrated museum. In 1862 he married Deborah A. Stanton, who died two years later. In 1872 he married Mary Thorne, of Salem, Ohio. President Moore died July 9, 1905. He wrote many scientific articles. One of the most famous is: "Concerning a Skeleton of the Great Fossil Beaver, Castoroides Chioensis." He was very much interested in Geology and wrote a number of articles on the subject. Among them are: "An Inquiry as to the Cause of Variety in Rock Deposits as Seen in Hudson River Beds at Richmond, Indiana;"' "Glacial and Pre-glacial Erosion in the Vicinity of Richmond, Indiana;' "Account of a Morinal Stone Quarry of Upper Silurian Limestone near Richmond, Indiana;" "The Randolph County Mastodon," and "A Cranium of Castoroides at Greenfield, Indiana." county, Maryland, March 12, 1807. He moved to Cincinnati, in 1819, and from thence to Richmond, in 1823, where he resided until his death, April 10, 1865. He began the study of medicine when eighteen years old and graduated in the medical department of Yale College just before attaining his majority, One of his friends writes of him: "He obtained by his own exertions a good, nay, a critical, knowledge of the English language; he studied Latin, Greek, Hebrew, French, and German, and acquired some knowledge of several other languages. He was the personal friend and correspondent of Noah Webster. He was an active and practical naturalist and was a frequent contributor to "Silliman's Journal." His cabinet of specimens and preparations was at one time large and thoroughly classified and of special value as illustrating departments of natural science, as they were developed in his immediate neighborhood. While all the branches of medical science received his careful attention, chemistry and pharmacy were his favorites. He wrote for the "Journal of Pharmacy" and also many articles upon agricultural, educational, and scientific subjects. His strong feeling against every kind of personal show or exhibition caused him several times to decline professorships in medical schools and leading positions in other educational institutions, and kept him from uniting with or attending formal medical societies that held public meetings. In 1857 was published a "Directory of Richmond." To this work Dr. Plummer contributed a "Historical Sketch,' and he also wrote on many scientific subjects, namely, Botany, Geology, Medicine, etc.

I. F. Sweney, M. D., was born at Winchester, Preble county, Ohio, Feb. 2, 1835. He was reared on a farm, but received sufficient education to enable him to teach, and while thus engaged commenced the study of medicine under the direction of his uncle, Dr. C. Sayler. He then attended a course of lectures at the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati. After practicing two or three months, he enlisted as a private in the Eighty-fourth Indiana infantry. He participated in the battle of Chicamauga, the Atlanta campaign, the battles of Nashville and Franklin, and in the fall of 1864 was appointed hospital steward of the regiment. He was discharged in 1865 and soon afterward entered the Ohio Medical College, in which he graduated in 1866. He located in Milton, Ind., and is still there. He has written a number of articles on medical subjects and is a member of the National, State, and county so-

Mary F. Thomas, M. D., was born in Maryland, not far from Washington City, in 1816. She studied medicine with her husband, a physician in Wabash county, Indiana. She attended a course of lectures in Penn's Medical College for Women, in Philadelphia, in 1851-52; took another course in Cleveland Medisal College, in 1852-53, and graduated in Penn's Medical College for Women in 1854. She also attended a course of lectures in the Indiana Medical College, at Indianapolis, in 1869. After practicing two years in Fort Wayne, she moved to Richmond, in 1856, where she resided until her death. She was elected a member of the Wayne County Medical Society in 1875, after having been twice rejected because of her sex. After having passed an examination and having been recommended by its censors, she became a member of the State Médical Society in 1876, being the first woman admitted to membership in that body. In 1877 she was a delegate from the State Medical Society to the American Medical Association and was the second female physician admitted to membership in that association. During the war, under the direction of Governor Morton, she spent considerable time in special hospital service for Indiana soldiers at. Washington, Nashville, and elsewhere. She gave many addresses before the State Medical Society, a few of them being: "Its Hospitals for Insane Women," "Some Thoughts on Post-Partum Hemorrhage," and "Heredity."

John F. Thompson was born in Crawford county, Ohio. He was reared on the farm and went to the district school. He graduated in the Fremont (Ind.) High School, in 1885, and at Hillsdale College, Michigan, in 1888, with the degree of Bachelor of Science, and in 1890 with the degree of Master of Science. After graduation he began teaching Biology and Botany in the Richmond High School and, with the exception of a year of postgraduate work in Chicago University, has remained there ever since. He has written a number of articles. They are as follows: "Katahdin," "Agassiz and Pennikese,' "The Manitou Islands," "The Camera in Science," "The Microscope in Secondary Schools," "Morals in Science," "The Yellowstone Park," "Popular Physiology," "Trees and their Habits," and "Life History of Natural History."

He took one year of post-graduate work in the Richmond High School and spent two terms at Earlham College and a year in the University of Cincinnati. He was in business in Minneapolis from 1881 to 1886, and traveled over the Northwest during the years of the rapid extension of railways in Minnesota and the Dakotas. He made a specialty of the economics of transportation. In 1886 he began the study of waterways, while in the newspaper business in Duluth. From 1890 to 1894 he was the secretary of the Chamber of Commerce of Duluth. During these years he spoke at many conventions, and then and since has written largely for the newspapers. He is now the Field Secretary of the National Rivers and Harbors Congress. He has written many articles for magazines, both literary and scientific. Those that are mainly scientific are: "Possibilities of the Great Northwest," "The City of Duluth," "American Emigration to the Canadian Northwest," "The Effect of Waterways on Competing Railways," "Will it Pay," "Waterways and the Nation's Growth," and "The Nation's Need of Waterways." Prof. Lewis M. Haupt, a distinguished consulting engineer of Philadelphia, and a member of two of the Isthmian Canal Commissions, referred to Mr. Thompson, in an address before the National Association of Manufacturers, as "the foremost American authority on the economics of waterways."

Joseph M. Thurston, M. D., was born in Warren county, Ohio, July 2, 1842, and, after he had obtained a liberal English education, took up the study of medicine under the tutelage of Dr, Davis, of New Holland, Ohio. He enlisted for the three months' service in Company G, Second Ohio infantry, as a private, and participated in the dreadful first battle of Bull Run. Upon the expiration of his term of service he re-enlisted, in Company F, Nineteenth Ohio infantry, and continued in the army until the war closed. Among the numerous battles in which he took part were Murfreesboro, Perryville, Wild Cat, Stone's River, and Chickamaugua. In the last mentioned engagement he was taken prisoner and for over a year suffered the horrors of Libby and other prisons. After the war he became a student in the Physio- Medical Institute at Cincinnati. After his graduation, in 1866, he located at Hagerstown, Wayne county, and for twenty years was successfully engaged in practice there. In 1888 he came to Richmond and has enjoyed an extensive practice. He is a member of the State and American medical societies and that of Northwestern Ohio. On Oct. 19, 1869, he married Ida Elliott, to whom were born two children. When not practicing, he spends his time painting and drawing, mainly from medical subjects. Besides his addresses in the medical societies, he has written a book, "Philosophy of Physio-medicalism," which he has illustrated with his own drawings. He also has a book in preparation which is to be called "The Triumph of Man."

Ithamar Warner, M. D., was born in New England, about the year 1783. He came to Salisbury, about 1815, and remained in practice in that town until after the removal of the county seat to Centerville, moving to Richmond in 1820. He never married, and for several years boarded with Robert Morrisson. He acquired a large practice and accumulated a fortune. Although not a graduate of any college, Dr. Warner was a man of strong natural abilities, physically and mentally. It is said that he was singular in many respects and irritable to a degree that his patients were pretty certain to carry out his directions. Dr. Warner died in March, 1835, and was buried in the old cemetery in the southern part of the city. In 1876 his remains were removed to Earlham Cemetery. He bequeathed most of his fortune to the city of Richmond; the City Building on North Fifth street and the school building known as the Warner Building, on North Seventh street and Fort Wayne avenue, were given by him. He wrote a number of medical articles which were a help to other physicians.

Jacob R. Weist, M. D., was the most noted surgeon during the past century in Eastern Indiana. He was born in Preble county, Ohio, Nov. 26, 1834. His ancestors were German. He received his early education in the common schools, which was supplemented by study in the Ohio Wesleyan University, at Delaware, Ohio, where he pursued a classical and scientific course. In 1858, the Jesuit College, St. Xavier, of Cincinnati, conferred upon him the degree of Master of Arts. Prepared by a broad, general knowledge, as an entrance into professional life, he entered the office of Dr. Samuel Ferris, of Preble county, Ohio, and later attended a course of lectures in the Western Reserve Medical College, of Cleveland, Ohio, and then for a time practiced in his native county. Then, entering the Jefferson Medical College at Philadelphia, he graduated in 1861. That year he opened an office in Richmond and, in March, 1862, was appointed assistant surgeon to the Sixty-fifth Ohio infantry and served in that capacity until July of the same year, when he was transferred to the Fourth Ohio cavalry, where he saw active service for fourteen months. In September, 1863, he was commissioned surgeon of the First United States Colored Troops and continued in that service until the close of the war, being discharged in November, 1865, when he returned to Richmond. His service as assistant surgeon was with the army of the Cumberland, a part of the time in charge of a hospital in Nashville, and his service as surgeon was in Eastern Virginia and North Carolina, first in the field, then in charge of hospitals in Newbern and Goldsboro, subsequently Chief Operating Surgeon in the First Division of the Eighteenth Army Corps, and finally becoming acting medical inspector and director of the Twenty-fifth Army Corps. All this was a splendid training school for the young physician, and as a natural result, on his return from the war, he made a specialty of surgery, and his success was most marked. He was the surgeon of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company for over twenty consecutive years, and for twenty years served on the Board of Pension Examiners. Dr. Weist was a member of the Wayne County Medical Society, of which he was president, and was for several years secretary of the Indiana State Medical Society, of which he was also president in 1879-80. He was one of the original members of the American Surgical Association, which is limited to a membership of 100, and served as its secretary fourteen years. He was also a prominent member of the Southern Gynecological Association and the American Medical Association, which he represented at the International Medical Congress, in London, in 1881. In 1856, Dr. Weist married Miss Sarah I. Mitchell, of Portsmouth, Ohio. They have one son living, Dr. Harry H. Weist, of New York City. Dr. Weist was a Knight Templar Mason, a Knight of Pythias, and a member of the Grand Army of the Republic and the Loyal Legion. His death occurred May 14, 1900. His ashes lie in Earlham Cemetery, he being a firm advocate of cremation, as he believed it was for the public good. He wrote for the medical journals and read many papers before the different associations to which he belonged. In his professional writings, next to surgery, perhaps his most important dissertations were on Hygiene and sanitary affairs. One of his most noted papers, read before the State Medical Society, was a "Prize Essay;" in 1860, on "Treatment of Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis." Some of his other addresses are: "Evolution of a Doctor," given as an annual address before the graduating class of Jefferson Medical College; "Foreign Bodies in the Air Passages;" "Report of the Water Supply of Richmond;" "Problems in Relation to the Prevention of Diseases," and "Civil Malpractice Suits."

Clark Wissler was born near Dublin, Ind., in 1870, and graduated at the Hagerstown High School, in 1887. For several years he taught in the common schools of Wayne county and for one year was principal of the Hagerstown High School. He attended college at Purdue University and the University of Indiana, graduating in the latter in 1897. Later, he went to Columbia University, where he received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in 1901. His other degrees are Bachelor of Arts, Indiana University, 1897, and Master of Arts, Indiana University, 1899. He has held the following positions: Assistant in Psychology, Indiana University, 1895-97; Assistant in Philosophy, Ohio State University, 1897-99; Assistant in Psychology, Columbia University, 1899-1900; Fellow in Psychology, Columbia University, 1901-1902; Assistant in Anthropology, Columbia University, 1903-1905; Lecturer in Anthropology, Columbia University since 1905; Assistant in Ethnology, American Museum of Natural History, 1903-1905; Assistant Curator, 1905; Curator, 1906; and Curator of Anthropology since 1907. Mr. Wissler has written many scientific articles, mainly on anthropological subjects. The subjects of some are: "Decorative Art of Sious," "Statistics of Growth," "Review of Introduction of the Theory of Measurement," "Comparative Measurements of the Hard Palate in Normal and Feebleminded Individuals," "Spearman Correlation Formula," etc.