Baker Township (part 3 of 5)

From this it will be seen that by the 31st of December, 18ii4, each township had furnished her quota, either as recruits, substitutes or conscripts, and that the county as a whole, by reason of eight townships having furnished a surplus, was ahead of all calls (except the late call of December 19, 1864) to the number of 86 men.

The call of December 19, 1864 (the last of the war), for 300,000 men for one, two and three years, again aroused the citizens into a reasonable degree of activity. The county paper published an urgent editorial with large ofi'ers of bounty, and called upon all to assist in filling the quota required. About the middle of January, 1865, the Deputy Provost Marshal, Ira Browning, called meetings in each township to correct the enrollment lists. Early in January, Capt. S. W. Bonsall opened an enlistment ofiice for veteran recruits for the First Veteran Army Corps, oifering Government bounties of $400, $500 and $600, for one, two and three years respectively. His ofi'er of $1,143 bounty for one year was tempting, and when large ofiers of local bounty were made the recruits began to appear. The County Board appropriated $500 for sach volunteer under the call. Townships began to ofifer several hundred dollars bounty. Men felt encouraged to enlist, for it was known that the rebellion was tottering on the verge of the " last ditch." Maj. James B. Mulky was appointed general recruiting officer for the Third District, with headquarters at Columbus. He called for a company from Monroe. The county quota was 161 men. Lieuts. N. E. Mathers and J. F. Douglas began recruiting men about the middle of January. John T. Eller, James H. Miller, Ren C. Smith and others, also enlisted men. Within a comparatively short space of time nearly a full company was secured, the remainder, to the number of about fifteen, being raised mostly in Brown County. These men became Company B of the One Hundred and Forty-fifth Regiment, one year's service, with the following officers : John F. Douglas, Captain ; James H. Miller, First Lieutenant ; Ren C. Smith, Second Lietenant. This company was mustered in at Indianapolis on the 4th and 5th of February, and on the 18th left with its regiment for Nashville, Tenn. About half of Company I of the same regiment was raised in Monroe County immediately after the other boys had left. They were mustered in February 3, 4, 6 and 9. The officers of this company were John P. Cravens (of Madison), Captain ; Newton E. Mathers (of Bloomington), First Lieutenant ; William M. Crossfield (of Smithville;, Second Lieutenant. The other half of this company came from Madisort. On the 18th of February Capt. Douglas, of Company E, was promoted to the Lieutenant Colonelcy of the regiment, and on the same day John T. Eller, of Monroe County, was commissioned Quartermaster. The subjoined exhibit taken from the Adjutant General's Report was made out on the 14th of April, 1865, at which time all efforts to raise troops were abandoned :

By comparing this table with the one given above, there would at first seem to be some ambiguity, but when it is recollected that the one above was prepared on the 31st of December, 1864, twelve days after the call for volunteers of December 19, 1864, upon which the last table is based, the matter, becomes clearer. In other words, the second table above includes twelve days covered by the last table. A few recruits were furnished for the One Hundred and Forty-fifth Regiment during the month of March. The draft had been fixed for the 6th of January, and had been postponed until the 15tb of February, and was then again postponed until the latter part of March. In the mean time, recruiting was slowly continuing under the call of Lieut. Eiler. The county did not quite escape the draft, however, which took place in Polk and Salt Creek Townships during the last week in March. Four or five men only were drafted, one of whom entered the service, as will be seen by the above table.

Summary Of Troops Furnished

On the 19th of September, 1862, the county was credited with having furnished 1,039 volunteers for the war. Under the six months' call of 1863, she furnished a full company - say 100 men. The quota under the October call of 1863 was 143 men, and under the four calls of 1864 was 277, 111, 287 and 161 men respectively. As all these quotas were filled by the county, a close estimate may be made of the number of men sent into the army during the war. At the close of the war, the county had a surplus of ten men to her credit. Taking the sum of 1,039, 100, 143, 277, 111, 287, 161 and 10, gives a grand total of 2,128 men, equal to over two full regiments. As the total enrollment of county militia in 1861 was 1,727, it will be seen how thoroughly the strength of the county was exhausted. Of course each man has been counted above as often as he enlisted. This estimate does not include the four companies that were mustered in for the Morgan campaign - say 400 men. As they were actually in the service they should properly be included in the above estimate, thus raising the number of troops to 2,528. "Old Monroe" may well be proud of this showing.

Miscellaneous Incidents

There was considerable disloyalty manifested publicly throughout the county during'the war, of which it is better now to write but little. The subject cannot be very well wholly escaped. When the rebellious States seceded, they claimed that they were doing as they had a right to do under the Constitution. That they really acted in good faith in this parparticular can no longer be doubted. They were protecting the institution of slavery, which had been their chief source of wealth and revenue since the formation of the Government. That slavery, of itself, was a great wrong, has nothing to do with what the South considered her right under the Constitution. The South believed in State sovereignty, in nullification and in slavery. She thought the Union could be broken by any State whose sovereign rights were trampled upon. But it is doubtful, even with this opinion, if she would have seceded had she not felt that slavery would otherwise receive its death blow. With these thoughts, is it any wonder that she seceded? The North took an opposite position on all these particulars, and was, of course, as we now know, right. The point is : Did the South act in good faith? If she did, her mistake can be overlooked. It was true of Monroe County that, as many of the citizens had come from the South, and had friends and relatives there, a strong sympathy was felt for the old home. During the winter of 1860- 61, as the Southern States seceded, many of the most prominent and intelligent citizens publicly expressed their gratification, and when the news was received that Fort Sumter had been captured, openly rejoiced at the event. And they were honest in what they did - believed that they were right. As stated elsewhere, one man declared in a public meeting that if he fought at all it would be on the Southern side. As the summer and fall of 1861 passed, savage fights occurred in town and county over political opinion, and even women were thus involved. On one occasion, a man who reviled the North was knocked down with a heavy stick on the streets of Bloomington. On another, a man who had called the Union soldiers hard names and had cheered for Jeff Davis was compelled to leave town in short measure to keep from being hung by a crowd of excited men who had hastily gathered. In some portions of the county, the other side held the balance of power, and if any man spoke ^too bitterly against the South he was speedily silenced. Several places were dubbed " Secessia," so strong was the Southern sentiment. The worst year was 1863. That was the darkest for the Union cause. Many brave hearts despaired of a restoration of the Union. On the contrary, the opposite element was bold, audacious and outspoken. The enlistment of men was openly discouraged, and secret treasonable organizations held nightly orgies and massed and drilled their forces preparatory for what? Letters were written by citizens of the county to boys in the field urging them to desert, and promising them secretion and protection from arrest. Several of these letters were published in full in the Republican, verbatim et literatim. In the early part of 1863, several disloyal public meetings were held at the county seat, which did a great deal to discourage enlistment, but the effect was soon counteracted by several large Union meetings that were held soon afterward. As a further means to encourage loyalty, there was organized in March, 1863, by the Union citizens of Monroe and Brown Counties, the National Union Association of Monroe and Brown Counties. The following were two planks of its declaration of principles :

Forgetting all past political differences and placing the salvation of the Union above all party and other predilections, we are for the maintenance of the Federal Government against all its enemies at home and abroad.

We will sustain the Federal Government in all its measures for putting down the rebellion and call for a vigorous prosecution of the war, until the glorious Union of our fathers be firmly established all over our territory.

David D. Grifiin was elected President of the Association, and John C. Headly, Secretary. Late in March, as a train containing several hundred rebel prisoners passed through the county seat at night on the way North, the train was boarded at the depot by several disloyal citizens, who informed the rebels that if they would break out they would be harbored and fed, but their Southern brethren refused to "break." As stated elsewhere, the news of the outbreak in Brown County in April, 1863, caused much excitement in the county and led to the organization of a company to be in readiness for an emergency. The disloyal elements rejoiced. In June, the resistance to the conscript enrollment occurred, an account of which is given elsewhere.

Early in July, 1863, came the news of the defeat of Gen. Lee at Gettysburg, which caused universal and continued rejoicing. It was then demonstrated that the Army of the Potomac was stronger than the Army of Northern Virginia. On the following day, Tuesday, July 7, came the news of the surrender of Vicksburg to Gen. Grant, and the two great victories were too much joy to pass without public demonstration. " Lee is whipped! " " Vicksburg has surrendered! " were the cries that rang through .the county. People felt instinctively that a brighter day had been heralded. Hundreds of people assembled in Bloomington that night to mingle rejoicings and jubilees. An enormous bonfire was lighted on the street, hundreds of guns were brought forth, rockets were sent to the sky, fire-crackers resounded, buildings were illuminated from garret to cellar, and the wild populace shouted themselves hoarse but happy. The Hon. G. A. Buskirk was called out and delivered a brilliant speech. F. T. Butler succeeded him in a speech of extraordinary fire, power and loyalty. It was full of the most brilliant and beautiful sallies of wit and pathos, and was received with loud acclamations and thundering cheers. The hot scorn and invective which he remorselessly poured upon the heads of all traitors, bewildered the crowd with delight. Col. Charles, sick and scarcely able to stand, had sufficient strength under the stimulating news to deliver a rousing speech. The jubilee was continued far into the night.

The political campaign of 1863 was spirited and interesting. One party came out for a cessation of hostilities ; the other for a renewal. Public meetings, where eloquent speakers advocated the party policy, were held everywhere. The county went Democratic by about 170 majority, in a total vote of 2,0-50. In February, 1864, a Union mass meeting to elect delegates to the LTnion State Convention at Indianapolis passed a series of resolutions, two of which were as follows :

Resolved, That the re-nomination of Abraham Lincoln to a Recond term, and theextension of his constitutional sway as Chief Magistrate over the United States, the loyal as well as the disloyal, will forever demonstrate the stability of the American Government and the justice of the American people.

Resolved, That in view of the eminent services and patriotism of our distinguished Executive, Gov. 0. P. Morton, the Union men of this county are in favor of bis nomina^ tion to the position which he has filled with credit to himself and honor to the State.

In September (the 15th), 1864, the candidates for Congress, of the two parties, were announced to speak at the court house, and a large crowd of both sexes gathered to hear them. As Mr. Harrington, the Democratic candidate, could not be present his time was filled by David Sheeks,E8q., of Bloomington. The speech of Mr. Hill, the Union candidate, was one of great strength and eloquence. A Mr. Gunn, of Kentucky, described the deplorable condition of family and private affairs in his State. The National airs were sung by a select choir of ladies and gentlemen.

On Sunday, September 11, an affray occurred at Simpson's Chapel, near Wayport, over the wearing of butternut breastpins, whereby one or more persons were shot and dangerously wounded by two or three soldiers at home on a furlough.

capture of Atlanta, and the streets were lighted with bonfires, guns were fired, and speeches were made on the street by Judge Buskirk, Dr. Sabin and others. The entire evening was passed in noisy and happy demonstration. On the 21st, the news of Sheridan's victory at Opequon Creek, Va., near Wincester, was received, and the rejoicing was repeated with renewed vigor. All felt, now, that the rebellion was receiving its death blows, and all were happy, or nearly all. On the 8th of October, a soldiers' picnic was held at Bloomington, and one of the largest crowds ever in town assembled to pay due respect to the "boys in blue," many of whom were at home on furlough or had been discharged. Long delegations in wagons from all parts of the county came in with banners flying and drums beating. Patriotism ran high. " The procession was the largest that was ever seen in town," said the Republican. The speakers were Col. Burgess, of Indianapolis, and Judge Hughes. Both addresses were very ornate, eloquent and patriotic. A dinner fit for the gods was spread out on temporized tables in the court yard, and eaten by several thousand persons. Toasts, loyal and amusing, were announced, and responded to by prominent visitors and townsmen. The wounded or sick soldiers were the lions of the day. Select vocal music - political and national airs - was furnished by select choirs. -' It was the most general turn out of the citizens of the county that we have ever witnessed here," said the Republican. In the evening, a deserter named Sherrill was shot and killed at the Orchard House while trying to escape from custody. On the following Monday, Gov. Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee, visited Bloomington. and delivered a speech two hours in length on the state of the war to a large assemblage.

The Political Campaigns Of 1864

The October and November campaigns in the county were fought with all the strength of each party. Each felt that a continuance of the war was to be decided by the contest, and no effort was omitted that promised a contribution to success. Men of great prominence were secured from abroad to voice the policy and sentiments of each party. The result of the October election showed a Republican gain over 1863 of over one hundred, and Gov. Morton ran far ahead of his ticket, receiving a majority of four votes, which demonstrated the great popularity of the " War Governor of Indiana." The result of this election was glorious news to those in favor of continuing the war. The struggle was continued that there might be no decrease in the vote of November. Maj. Popp, of the Eighteenth Regiment, Hon. Henry S. Lane, Gen. Kimball, Col. Anderson, of the Twelfth Cavalry, Hon. M. R. Hull, of Wayne County, Hon. P. C. Dunning and many others of equal eminence, addressed the citizens of Monroe. The result of the election was a majority of only eight votes for the Democratic electors, showing a gain of about forty over the election of October, and a gain of about one hundred and sixty over the election of 1863. This was most gratifying news for the Union cause.

cago was the center, large numbers of regiments were continually passing back and forth. It was customary when it was known that a large body of troops was to pass through Bloomington, especially wounded or sick soldiers from hospitals or battle-fields South, to hastily prepare large quantities of provisions of every description, and as soon as the train stopped, board her and distribute the delicacies and substantials. This act was also true of Ellettsville. On the 22d of December, 1861, the Second Indiana Cavalry, which was organized at Indianapolis, marched through town on horseback, and attracted a large crowd of observers. There were 1,200 of them, fully mounted and armed, and followed by a heavy supply train of thirty-eight wagons. This was probably the largest body of troops ever in the county seat atone time. They camped over night just south of town, and were visited by large crowds.

The Capture Of Richmond, And Gen. Leb'S Surrender

On Tuesday, April 4, 18tJ5, the news was received that Richmond had been evacuated, and that the Army of Northern Virginia, under Gen. Lee, shattered and depleted, was flying before the army of Gen. Grant. This glorious news kindled a degree of universal joy that was unknown in the county during the former four years of war. A large crowd gathered on the court house square in Bloomington at night to publicly testify their unbounded gratification. Everything in the town that would make noise or light was brought out. A bonfire was kept burning until nearly midnight. Every man, woman and child seemed to be out on the streets, and all was chaos. Volleys of musketry rang through the night. Bands and glee clubs rendered patriotic music, that was appreciated as it never had been before. Processions of men and boys with torch lights marched gaily around, led by bands of martial music. Buildings were illuminated with hundreds of candles ; children swarmed like pismires disturbed. Eloquent speeches were delivered by Gov. Dunning, Judge Butler and Rev. Bain. A few citizens seemed unhappy, and took no part in the demonstration. They probably belonged to the Southern Army of the North. On Friday evening following, came the news of the surrender of Gen. Lee. The jubilee was taken up where it had been left on Tuesday, and continued for hours with multiplied intensity. The evening was, perhaps, the most brilliant ever witnessed by the county seat. Old men, who had learned to love their country, and had constantly prayed for success and peace and national honor, were overcome by the glorious news, and acted like madmen. Tears of joy, which they could not repress, and cared not to conceal, ran down their furrowed cheeks as they clasped each other by the hand and thanked God for the national preservation. " Glory enough for one day ! " exclaimed the Republican.

News Of The Assassination Of Lincoln

One week later, while the people were yet rejoicing, the news came that Lincoln had been assassinated at Ford's Theater. So horrible was the sensation produced that people at first refused to believe it, and waited anxiously for details. When the dreadful truth became confirmed on the 16th, the deepest gloom of horror and despair seized every heart. 4 stagnation like paralysis fell upon all business pursuits. Men had no heart to think of anything but the national calamity. Crape was instinctively hung on dwellings and public buildings. On Sunday, memorial services were held in the churches, in honor of the beloved dead. On Monday, April 17, pursuant to call, a large crowd of sorrowing citizens assembled at the court house, to give public expression to the sentiments agonizing all ; to listen to eulogies of the life and nobility of the martyred President, and to adopt resolutions of sorrow and hope. A large portrait of the dead was hung before the audience and draped with national colors, wreaths of evergreen and choice flowers, and the black crape of death. Rev. William Turner was chosen Chairman, and John H. Louden, Secretary. Dr. E. H. Sabin, Gov. P. C. Dunning, Rev. T. M. Hopkins, William F. Browning, Esq., and Rev. S. T. Gillett. were appointed to prepare suitable resolutions. While this was being done, Dr. Nutt, President of the State University, delivered a brief address of great pathos. There was scarcely a dry eye when he finished speaking. The following resolutions were presented and unanimously adopted :

Whereas, Abraham Lincoln, our President, has been assassinated - an event extraordinary in a civilized age and nation and wholly at variance with the spirit and genius of a free government, therefore

Resolved, That we meet to-day not as partisans but as an afflicted and grief-stricken people to express our sympathies, sentiments and sorrows.

Resolved, While this event we regard as a great national calamity and affliction and as suddenly changing the hands that have been guiding the ship of State and transferring to other minds cares and responsibilities of great magnitude, and which we deemed our President amply competent to discharge, we must not forget that there is a " Divinity that shapes our ends," a Providence, a God that reigns.

Resolved, That in the strongest terms we can use we condemn this atrocious act of rebellion against justice, humanity and God, and regard it as prompted by the same wicked spirit in which the rebellion originated, the conquering of which has cost the best life-blood of the nation.

R'solved, That we recommend to the proper authorities to bring to strict and prompt punishment the perpetrators of this crime and all who are connected with it.

Resolved, That we will faithfully observe such a day as may be designated by the public authorities for the funeral obsequies of ou- deceased Chief Magistrate by closing busiaess and resorting to our accustomed places of worship.

Resolved, That we express our heartfelt sympathy with the afflicted widow and orphan children of our deceased President, and with our revered Secretary of State and his two sons who have been attacked by a murderous assassin, praying most fervently that the family of Mr. Lincoln may have consolation in this dark hour of their deep affliction, and that the wounded Secretary may yet be preserved to render our afflicted country his invaluable services for years to come.

Resolved, That we tender our hearty support to Andrew Johnson, as President of the TJnited States, and will withhold from him nothing that is necessary to bring to a speedy termination the direful rebellion which has for so many years been raging in our land.

Eulogies of the dead were delivered by Gov. Dunning, Maj. Mulky and Samuel H. Buskirk, and the meeting sadly adjourned. On Wednesday following, in accordance with the recommendation of the Governor, all business was suspended, buildings were draped in mourning, bells were tolled, and services were held in all the churches. In the afternoon, all the citizenSj including the Masons and Odd Fellows in full regalia, held a union memorial meeting in the college chapel. " We have never seen a day set apart for such a purpose as this so duly observed by our citizens," said the Republican.

Closing Scenes Of The Rebellion

receive the returning soldiers. The news of the capture of Jeff Davis, while endeavoring to escape in woman's attire, created much amusement, and all said with the Republican: " Hang him like Haman between Heaven and earth as being fit for neither." Thursday, June 1, the day set apart by President Johnson as one of humiliation and prayer on account of the assassination of Lincoln, was duly observed in Bloomington and throughout the county. On the Fourth of July, 1865, a reception and fine dinner were given the boys, many of whom had come from the war. The venerable Gen. Jacob B. Lowe was President of the Day ; Maj. Miilky, Marshal, assisted by Col. McCrea and Capt. Cookerly. Early in the morning of this sultry day, wagons and carriages loaded with country folk began to arrive through the dust. Many of the townships sent organized processions, with martial music and banners, and all were dressed in the light, airy garb of summer. About 10 o'clock, one grand procession about a mile in length was formed on and near the public square, and the march to the college campus was commenced in the following order: 1. Thje Bloomington Silver Band. 2. Officers of the Day, Orator, Reader, Chaplain and distinguished guests. 3. Soldiers of the war of 1812. 4. Thirteen small girls dressed in white, with badges, representing the thirteen original States. 6. Soldiers of the late war for the defense of the Union and the suppression of the rebellion. 6. The Goddess of Liberty, bearing the national flag, and thirty-six young ladies, dressed in white, representing all the States of the Union. 7. Citizens generally - men, women and children. The reception speech, one of unusual fervor and eloquence, was delivered by Rev. S. T. Gillett, and was responded to by Col. M. C. Hunter, of the Eighty-second Regiment. The latter gave several graphic descriptions of experiences on the battle-field, especially on that of bloody Chickamauga, where over one-half of his own regiment fell, killed or wounded. These addresses were short, and were followed by that of Col. W. C. L. Taylor, of the Twentieth Regiment, Orator of the Day. It was a long speech of great power and feeling, and moved scores in the audience to tears. Then came the dinner, and what a feast for the brave boys ! Eight long tables were heaped with the richest viands " Old Monroe " could furnish, and stood groaning under the burden until relieved by the hungry multitude. Thousands ate of the bounty of the citizens, but the soldiers were given the choicest of all and were " kings of the carnival." It was a grand day grandly spent.

Relief And Bounty

During the first few months of the nar nothing was done by the citizens, as a mass, in the way of relief, either for soldiers or their families. While the first companies were yet in camp at the places of rendezvous, they had been sent blankets, towels, clothing and luxuries to tempt the appetite, but nothing farther had been done. As the cold months approached, Gov. Morton suggested that each county should thoroughly organize its relief or aid societies, and in response to this appeal the ladies of Bloomington met at Dunn's Hall, on the 14th of October, to form such' a society. Mrs. Meginniss was elected President of the society ; Louise Wylie, Secretary ; Mrs. Robert C. Foster, Treasurer ; Mrs. Dr. Dodds, Mrs. David Batterton, Mrs. W. 0. Fee, Mrs. Paul

Slocum, Mrs. Leonard, Mrs. Hibben, Mrs. Jacob Young, Mrs. James Gordon, Mrs. Press Harbison, Mrs. James Small, Mrs. Sweringen and Miss Fullerton, Directresses. On the following Thursday, the society met again, bringing in many contributions of money and supplies for field and hospital. Two barrels of supplies were sent to the company of Capt. Kelley, and large quantities to those of Capts. Lunderman, Charles and McCalla. The value of the stores shipped at this time was not less than ^300. Early in November, a large quantity of supplies, principally for the sick and wounded, was sent to the Monroe County boys with Lieut. M. L. McCuUough. As the cold weather came on, urgent appeals for clothing and supplies of all kinds from the army were received and published in the Republican. Every company from the county had one or more correspondents for the home paper. The terrible eifects of the ravages of disease and the want of sufficient food and clothing and comfortable quarters were painted in a manner to wring the hearts of friends at home, and renewed efforts were made to obtain money and supplies. A large box of hospital stores was sent in December to the company of Capt. Dains, and another large box was sent to Dr. McPheeters for the use of the sick of the Thirty-third Regiment. On the 23d of January, 1862, the Secretary of the Ladies' Aid Society reported that up to that time there bad been sent two boxes of supplies to Capt. Kelley's company in Virginia, two to Capt. Lunderman's company in Missouri, one to- Capt. Charles' company, one to Capt. McCalla's company in Kentucky, one to Capt. Dains' company, one to the Thirty-third Regiment in Kentucky, one box to Capt. Kop's company, four boxes and barrels to the hospitals of Louisville, and considerable local assistance to sick soldiers. The following articles were sent as above specified : 77 shirts, 68 pairs drawers, 47 blankets, 17 coverlets, 17 comforts, 7 quilts, 50 towels, 20 sheets, 100 pillow slips, 31 pillows, 45 pairs of gloves and mittens, 165 pairs of socks, 49 cans of fruit, 11 sacks of dried fruit, 16 dozen eggs, 20 pounds of butter, 2 turkeys, 72 chickens, and a large quantity of handkerchiefs, bandages, hospital stores, sugar, rice, corn-starch, tumblers, spoons, soap, wine, etc. Besides these articles, there was on hand thirtytwo packages containing similar supplies, a large box of supplies just ready to be shipped to Capt. McCalla's company, and five boxes and barrels full of provisions for the Louisville hospitals. The Treasurer's cash report up to this time was as follows :

Eeceipts. Expenditures

During the winter and spring months of 1862, the aid society did extensive and highly meritorious work in providing soldiers' families at Bloomington and vicinity with flour, meat, potatoes, groceries, etc. This was true of all portions of the county. An aid society at EUettsville did most excellent work, but, unfortunately, as the reports of the officers were not published, the details cannot be recorded in these pages. Early in May, 1862, the students of the Female Seminary collected the following supplies and sent them to the hospitals of New Albany for the wounded of the battle of Pittsburg Landing and for the sick : Twenty cans of fruit, 2 cans concentrated chicken, 4 bottles of wine, 2 bottles of catsup, 2 pounds of tea, 5 pounds of rice, 15 pounds of corn starch, 2 pounds of nutmegs, 2 bushels of dried fruit, 9 towels, 64 handkerchiefs, 2 pairs of drawers, 1 shirt, 1 sheet, 1 pair of pillow slips, 1,000 yards bandages and 24 pounds of butter. About the same time the ladies of Stanford sent to the same place a large box of similar supplies and received a letter of thanks from the Secretary of the Commission of that city. Supplies continued to be sent off at intervals during the warm months. In September, several large boxes were shipped to the hospitals. In October, about half a dozen big boxes and barrels of supplies were sent to New Albany for the hospitals. A barrel of nice new apples was sent there, and a letter from the Secretary described how eagerly the sick and wounded boys devoured the mellow fruit. The new officers of the society, elected in about September, were : Mrs. Hibben, President; Lizzie Mc- Pheeters, Secretary.

A meeting of the citizens of Monroe County took place at the Court House on Wednesday, December 24, 1862, pursuant to a call signed by sundry citizens, to devise some plan for the relief of soldiers' families. On motion, Mr. James Small was called to the chair, and L. Forbes chosen Secretary.

Resolved, That the Township Trustee of each township, with four others, be appointed a committee to inquire into the circuiu stances of soldiers' families, and solicit subscriptions for their benefit.

Indian Greek Township. - It being stated that an organization already existed in this township, the meeting declined to make any appointments, but requested that they meet with and co-operate with us.

This military committee organization existed in some form during the remainder of the war, and at times did efficient service. On New Year's Day, 1863, a cotilion party held at Tuley's Hall donated $47 to the aid society for the benefit of sick and wounded soldiers. About the 1st of

March, 1863, the Treasurer of the Aid Society, Agnes E. Foster, submitted the following report since the organization of the society in 1861 :

Receipts

On the 26th of March, f58.35 net was realized at a concert and turned over for the use of soldiers' families. Prof. E. Marquis conducted the concert. Considerable was done during the summer of 1863, of which no account was published. Early in September, James Small, of the Christian Commission, reported the following receipts :

During the winter months of 1863-64, the society realized several hundred dollars by means of lectures, festivals, etc. It also sent away six or seven big boxes and barrels of hospital supplies. Much assistance was furnished soldiers' families. About the 1st of June, an enormous festival, given in the University Chapel, netted the society about $200. This was one of the most successful gatherings of the kind ever at the county seat. The chapel was beautifully decorated with green sprigs and bright summer flowers, and all came out in the fairy costumes of June. On the 26th of this month, $328.40 was raised in a few minutes at the Methodist Church for the Sanitary Commission after an eloquent address by Chaplain J. H. Lozier, agent of the Commission. Early in August, $1,225 was contributed to the Sanitary Commission by the citizens of Bloomington and vicinity. About this time the following soliciting committees were appointed for the Indiana Sanitary Fair of October 2 to 8 :

The aid society had almost abandoned work during the warm months, but in October, at the approach of cold weather, was re-organized. Several boxes of supplies were soon sent to the hospitals in Kentucky. On Thanksgiving Day, over flOO worth of provisions was distributed to soldiers' families in Bloomington, and doubtless other portions of the county did as well correspondingly. Early in December, the County Board appropriated $1,000, to be distributed to the townships, under the direction of the Trustees, for the use of soldiers' families. The distribution was as follows :

Bean Blossom, $84.50; Washington, $73.50; Marion, $32.50; Benton, $57 ; Bloomington, $206 ; Richland, $95 ; Van Buren, $73 ; Perry, $111; Salt Creek, $48; Polk, $42 ; Clear Creek, $100; Indian Creek, $77.50. These amounts were duly distributed. Oh the 5th of January, 1865, a concert, under the supervision of Prof. Marquis, netted the aid society $58.90. An amateur concert, under the management of W. B. Seward, in February, netted the society $77.45. Various other smaller amounts were received from similar sources. The following table shows what was done by the county as relief and bounty during the war :

Pension Roll

The following is the list of the pensioners of Monroe County, prepared on the Ist of January, 1883, in pursuance of an enactment of the United States Senate :

The Roll Of Honor Fourteenth Regiment, Three Years' Service

Capt. James R. Kelley, died May 8, 1862, of wounds received at Winchester ; Sergt. John C. Cox, died at Huttonville, Va., November 3, 1861 ; Jesse A. Steele, killed at Antietam, September 17, 1862; Alexander S. Retan, died April 14, 1862, of wounds received at Winchester ; George Mc- Ivery, died November, 1862, of wounds received at Antietam ; Thomas W. Carlow, killed at Antietam, September, 1862 ; Andrew M. Arthur, killed by accident, September, 1861 ; Elijah Barrett, died April, 1862, of wounds received at Winchester ; Lewis Crump, died April, 1862, of wounds received at Winchester ; James Degan, died November, 1862 ; Edward Duncan, died December, 1861 ; Andrew Harsh, killed at Antietam, September, 1862 ; Richard Houston, killed at Antietam, September, 1862 ; James M. Hughes, killed in the Wilderness, May, 1864 ; Joseph M. McCalla, died August, 1861 ; Joseph McDonald, veteran, killed in affray near Stevensburg, Va.; William Miller, died April, 1862, of wounds received at Winchester ; James H. Raper, died May, 1864, of wounds received at Spottsylvania ; John Raper, died May, 1861 ; Stacey F. Smith, killed at Antietam, September, 1862 ; William H. Smith, died June, 1864, of wounds received at Spottsylvania,; F. M. Wagoner, killed at Cold Harbor ; W. S. Thomas, killed at Cold Harbor ; W. A. Steire, died in hospital; George W. Kelley, died of wounds received at Antietam.

Eighteenth Regiment, Three Tears' Service

Lieut. Col. William Stanley Charles, died of wounds November 1 0, 1864 ; Sergt. Samuel W. Dodds^ died at St. Louis, Mo., November, 1861 ; Charles H. Spencer, died at Helena, Ark., September, 1862 ; Sylvester Barnett, died at Cassville, Mo., April, 1862 ; James Fox, killed by guerrillas, Syracuse, Mo., December, 1861 ; William Martin, died at Cassville, Mo., 1862 ; John E. Martin, died at Cassville, Mo., March, 1862 ; Michael Odenwald, died at St. Louis, November, 1861 ; Thomas St. Clair, died at St. Louis, November, 1862 ; Alvin Walker, died at St. Louis, November, 1861 ; Arthur Walker, died at Otterville, December, 1861 ; Richard D. Wylie, died at Otterville, Mo., October, 1861; John Carter, died at Warren, Mo.; John T. West, died at New Albany.

Lieut. Lewis W. Daily, died of wounds 'received at Cassville, Mo.; Sergt. Benjamin T. Gardner, died December, 1863, of wounds received in action ; William B. Miller, died December, 1863, of wounds received in action ; Verdman Johnson, died April, 1862 ; of wounds received in action ; Edward Graham, died at St. Louis, Mo., October, 1861 ; Hezekiah Brown, died August, 1861 ; Copernicus H. Coffey, veteran,, died June, 1864, of wounds; Christopher C. Coffey, died at Farmington, Miss., July, 1862; William H. Cooper, died at Otterville, Mo., 1861 ; James M. Coffey, died at Syracuse, Mo., December, 1861 ; Henry L. Duncan, died at Harrodsburg, Ind., April, 1862 ; Joseph Elkins, died at Harrodsburg, Ind., April, 1862 ; Charles M. Goben, died at St. Louis, May, 1862 ; William G. Jennings, died at Lynn Creek, Mo., February, 1862 ; Fleming Johnson, died at Evansville, Ind., July, 1862 ; James H. Pettus, killed at Perryville, Ky., October, 1862; Joseph S. Taylor, killed at Perryville, Ky., October, 1862 ; William Warman, died, August, 1862 ; William H. Williams, died July, 1863 ; Elijah Lyons, killed at Rome, Ga., May, 1864 ; Joseph M. Mayfield, died September, 1864, of wounds received at Jonesboro ; W. G. Jennings, died at Trynne Creek, Mo.

Thirty- First Regiment, Three Years' Service

Sergt. James B. Fullbright, killed at Shiloh. April, 1862 ; Miller M. Sutphin, died at Calhoun, Ky., February, 1862 ; John Baxter, died near Elkton, Ala., July, 1862 ; Benjamin F. Taylor, died at Calhoun, Ky., December, 1861 ; James M. EUer, died at New Albany, July, 1862 ; Roily Franklin, killed at Shiloh, April, 18,62; Robert A. Harbison, died at Calhoun, Ky., December, 1861 ; James V. Livingston, veteran, killed at Kenesaw, June, 1864'; James J. Livingston, died at New Albany, May, 1862; Willis L. Mathers, died at Calhoun, Ky., December, 1861; Jacob Medows, killed at Stone River, December, 1862 ; Elisha Robertson, died at Evansville, July, 1862 ; William H. Shafer, died at Corinth, May, 1862 ; Thomas Tull, died at Corinth, May, 1862 ; Benjamin H. Whisenand, died at Calhoun, Ky., February, 1862 ; Jacob Wright, died at Bowling Green, Ky., November, 1862 ; Samuel E. Wylie, died at Calhoun, Ky., February, 1862 ; William S. Butcher, died at Nashville, Tenn. ; Abraham Floyd, died at Madison,Ind., April, 1865 ; William H. Fox, died at Indianapolis, March, 1864 ; Bedford Havidns, died at Atlanta, Ga. ; Alvin Howard, killed at Nashville, December, 1864 ; John Keitli, died May, 1864, of wounds received at Resaca; Alexander Lucas, died at Atlanta, August, 1864 ; Lewis W. Shields, died at Indianapolis, March, 1864 ; John W. Smallwood, died at Huntsville, Ala.,' March, 1865 ; Jeremiah Vanderpool, died at Nashville, August, 1864.

Thirty-Eighth Regiment, Three Years' Service

First Lieut. Joseph H. Reeves, died March, 15, 1864 ; Francis D. Mathew, veteran, killed on picket near Atlanta, August, 1864 ; John Ashbrook, died at Danville Prison, Va., January, 1864 ; James W. Nichols, died at Andersonville Prison, December, 1864 ; John W. Smith, died in Andersonville Prison ; John M. Sharp, died at Chattahoochie River, Ga., July, 1864.

Fiftieth Kbgimbnt, Three Years' Service

Capt. Isaac S. Dains, died of disease at Little Rock, Ark. ; William H. Coffey, died at Little Rock ; William Lee, died at Little Rock ; John Thompson, died at Louisburg, Ark.

Eighty-Second Regiment, Three Years' Service

Lieut. Col. Paul E. Slocum, died of wounds received in action March 3, 1864 ; Second Lieut. Samuel Guy, died of disease May 22, 1863; William J. Craig, killed at Resaca May, 1864; Henry W. Bunger, died at home December, 1862 ; James E. Bunger, died at home, August, 1864, of wounds received at Resaca ; Adam A. Copenhaver, died of wounds at Chattanooga February, 1864; Samuel Coan, died at Murfreesboro February, 1863 ; William Curry, died March, 1864, of wounds received at Mission Ridge; James R. Dearman, killed at Chickamauga September, 1863; George W. Dubois, died at Gallatin, Tenn.; George W. Edwards, died at Murfreesboro February, 1868 ; John L. Gardner, died at Nashville, Tenn., March, 1863; Robert P. Hanna, died at Atlanta October, 1864 ; William Harbison, died at Louisville, Ky.; Daniel C. Houston, died at Gallatin, Tenn., November, 1864 ; Joseph Lills, died October, 1863, of wounds received at Chickamauga ; Abram May, died at Nashville, Tenn., February, 1863 ; Clark McDermott, killed at Chickamauga, September, 1863 ; William McDermott, died of wounds received at Chickamauga ; Emmett Mitchell, died- at Nashville, Tenn., February, 1863 ; John W. Strong, died at Winchester, Tenn., August 1863; Edward T. Slnss, died September, 1864, of woiAids; George W. Whitaker, died at Bowling, Ky., June, 1863 ; James Russell, killed at Chickamauga; John W. Temple, killed at Resaca; J. B. Hopver, died at Louisville, Ky.; James M. Burris, died in Anderson ville Prison ; George Yund, died at Chickamauga.

Ninety-Third Regiment, Theee Years' Service

David Meadows, died at Cahaba, Ala., September, 1864 ; Joseph Hooshour, supposed to have died ; Isom Prince, died in Lawrence County, Ind., November, 1862 ; Henry Southern, died at Walnut Hills, Miss., July, 1863 ; Robert Alton, supposed to have been lost on Steamer Sultana ; David Miller, died at Mound City, 111., August, 1863 ; James Meadows, died at Indianapolis, January, 1864.

Service

Capt. Isaac A. Buskirk, died of disease July 11, 1864; William F. Alexander, died at Pulaski, Tenn., August, 1864 ; Horace L. Beatly, died at Jacksonville Prison, Fla., May, 1865 ; William M. Berry, died July, 1865 ; Richard J. Drake, died at Pulaski, Tenn., August, 1864 ; Jonathan East, died at Louisville, Ky., April, 1865 ; Richard R. Mc- Cune, died at Pulaski, Tenn., April, 1864 ; Thomas Peterson, died at Nashville, Tenn., December, 1864 ; Samuel Parks, died at St. Louis, Mo., January, 1865 ; John Quick, died at Columbus, Ind., April, 1864;

Aaron J. Rutledge, died at Bloomington, Ind., April, 1864 ; James H. Waugh, died at Nashville, Tenn., of wounds received, December, 1804 ; William Welch, died at Vicksburg, Miss., August, 1865 ; Ira Young, died at Nashville, Tenn., November, 1864; Charles Amor, died at Corinth, Miss.; Eli Fowler, died of disease at Ft. Gaines; John R. Fielder, died of disease at Mobile, Ala,

Hugh C. Adams, died at Dalton, Ga., April, 1865 ; William Clark, died at Nashville, Tenn., April, 1865; Jfames M. Craig, died at Louisville, Ky., February, 1865 ; George H. Collins, died May, 1865 ; John M. Hubbard, died at Indianapolis, Ind., February, 1865 ; Tilghman A. Rogers, died at Dalton, Ga., March, 1865 ; John Stewart, died at Bainbridge, Ga., October, 1865; James M. Pauley, died at Dalton, Ga., April, 1865; James H. Smithville, died at Cuthbert, Ga., January, 1866 ; Jordan Wisely, died at Dalton, Ga., April, 1865.

Miscellaneous

James H. Knight (Fifty-ninth), died at Nashville, Tenn.; Capt. Fred Butler (Twenty-first Battery), died at New Orleans; William Barnes, killed at Ashley Gap, Va.; Elvin Farmer, died at Memphis ; Milton H. Mobley (Second Cavalry), died at New Albany; Wren Allen (Second Cavalry), died in Andersonville Prison ; Lee Stewart (Second Cavalry), killed at Newman Station; Abraham (Second Cavalry) killed at Newman Station ; Daniel Breakison (Second Cavalry), died at Cornith ; James Thompson (Ninth Battery), killed at Shiloh ; Robert H. Gourley (Twentieth Battery), died at New Maysville, Ind.; Capt. Peter Kop (Twentyseventh), killed at Antietam ; J. J. Howard, killed in the service ; William Rice (Fourteenth), died in captivity ; Capt. Joseph Young (Ninety-seventh), killed at Kenesaw ; James A. Butcher (Ninety-seventh), died of wounds at home ; James M. Hodges (Forty-third), died of disease at Helena, Ark.; Hiram Reed (Ninety-seventh), died of disease at Memphis ; Alfred Bowers (Ninety-seventh), killed at Kenesaw ; William H. Carmichael (Ninetyseventh), died at Moscow, Tenn. ; James H. Sparks (Ninety-seventh), died at Camp Sherman ; Enoch Alexander (Fifty-ninth), died in Andersonville Prison ; John D. Alexander (Fifty-ninth), died at Chattanooga ; Jefferson Smith (Thirty -third), killed at Thompson's Station ; Lieut. Isaac

B. Buskirk (Twenty-seventh), killed at Chancellorsville ; Samuel Knight (Thirty -third), killed by guerrillas at Resacca, Ga.; Joseph Richeson (Twenty seventh), died at Williamsport, Md.; E. F. Jacobs (Fifty-fourth), died in Field Hospital; Martin O'Comrel (Twenty-seventh), died in Field Hospital ; Thomas Tull (Thirty-first), died at Corinth ; William Simpson, died of disease at Nashville, Tenn.; A. B. Yates (Second), killed at Vicksburg; Henry Sipes (Twenty-seventh), killed at Darnestown, Md.; Thomas Todd (Twenty-seventh), died at Darnestown, Md.; B. M. Flatlook (Twentyseventh), died at Frederick, Md.; Reuben Hendrix, killed at Resaca ; George Edwards (Twenty-seventh), killed at Resaca ; Thomas Pratt (Twenty-seventh), killed at Atlanta; David Cook, died at Louisville, Ky.;

THERE is abundant reason to believe that Bloomington Township was settled as early as 1816, and there are some evidences which fix the date of the first settlement in 1815 if notbefote. The power of the Indians was crushed at the battle of Tippecanoe in 1811, but all apprehension of danger from them did not die out for several years afterward. It may be stated as the opinion of several of the oldest settlers in the county that Monroe was settled as early as 1810 or 1811 by a few families of professional pioneers. Much of this, however, must be regarded as traditional. In the absence of definite data, it may be presumed that Bloomington Township received a few of these early settlers. It is certain that several families arrived in 1815, and many more in 1816, and, as stated above, there is strong evidence that permanent settlers reached the township as early as 1815. Of course, as late as 1816, the county of Monroe, which as yet had no boundary or existence, was a wilderness filled with all varieties of wild animals inhabiting this latitude, and was roamed over by numerous bands of half subdued savages. In fact, all of the county north of the old Indian boundary was yet the property of the Indians, and remained so until the treaty of St. Mary's, Ohio, in October, 1818, when it was ceded to the Government as part of the "New Purchase." By the time of the first land sale of Bloomington Township in 1816, there were a score or nearly so of families residing within its limits. Among those who entered land in the township during the first four or five years after the first land sale - in fact, all who entered land during that period - are the following, with the sections of land and the years of entry : David Rogers, Section 33, 1816 ; Joseph Taylor, Section 33, 1816 ; George Ritchey, Section 33, 1816; George Hedrick, Section 33, 1816; John Ketchum, Section 6, 1816; Henry Wampler, Section 6, 1816 ; Adam Bower, Section 6, 1816 ; Thomas Smith, Section 7, 1816; William Julian, Section 7, 1816; AVilliam J. Adair, Section 7, 1816 ; George Parks, Section 8, 1816 ; John Kell, Section 17, 1816 ; James Parks, Section 17, 1816 ; John Owens, Section 18, 1816 ; David Stout, Section 19, 1816 ; Samuel Caldwell, Section 19, 1816; Roderick Rawlins, Section 20, 1816 ; Joseph Taylor, Section 20, 1816 ; James Parks, Section 20, 1816 ; George Paul, Section 21, 1816 ; David Raymond,

The First Resident Of Bloomington

The first man to settle permanently upon the present site of the city of Bloomington cannot be named with absolute certainty. Neither can the time of this first settlement be given. The first entries of land were as follows :

The lots were laid out on the southwest quarter of Section 33, and the southeast quarter of Section 32. which two quarters had been entered by David Rogers and Robertson Graham, as shown by the above table. It is probable that no man lived upon the town site until 1816, at which time both Rogers and Graham built log houses. Some fix the date of the erection of these houses as 1817. At all events, when the first lots were laid out, in June, 1818, a crop of wheat was growing on the land that had been purchased of Mr. Rogers. Whether it was the first or second crop on the same land cannot be stated. David Rogers entered the southwest quarter of Section 33, on which a portion of the town "was laid out, but Jonathan Rogers afterward obtained part interest in the tract, as his name appears upon the deed which conveyed the land to the county.

Platting Of The Village

On the 10th of April, 1818, the first day of the first meeting of the County Commissioners, the county seat was ordered laid off and was named " Bloomington." The County Agent was ordered to oversee the work. He was instructed to make the public square measure 276 feet, and to lay out lots 66x132 feet, and streets 82J feet wide. The number of lots to be laid out was left to the discretion of the agent. The first public auction or sale of lots was fixed for the 22d of June, 1818, and the agent was instructed to advertize the sale in the Western Sun, of Vincennes ; the Louisville Correspondent ; the Argus of Western America ; the Western Eagle, of Madison, and the Liberty Hall, of Cincinnati, which so-far as known was duly done. Jonathan Nichols was appointed surveyor to lay out the town. The following entry appears upon the record of the County Board: " On motion of Bartlett Woodward, Ordered, that the agent of this county procure one barrel of whisky and have it at the sale of town lots in Bloomington." When it is remembered that the proceeds of this first sale amounted to the enormous sum of $14,326.85, it will probably be concluded by the reader that the action of the board was not misplaced - that is, on that day over sixty-five years ago. Of course many speculators bought lots. The complete list of those who bought lots at this sale is as follows: John Scott, D. Thompson, Christian Bppinger, John Keys, Arthur Harris, W. A. Beatty, W. P. Anderson, William Lowe, Robinson Graham, David Sears, Floyd Cummings, Samuel Coleman, James Borland, George Hedrick, W. D. Hoof, David Rogers, James Dunning, James Newman, Jonathan Rogers, Thomas Smith, B. Miller, W. D. McCuUough, Jacob B. Lowe, Wm. Curl, Henry Wampler, Coleman Pruitt, Blias Goodwin, Abuer Goodwin, Solomon Bowers, John Owens, Samuel Scott, Sr., Nathan Julian, Isham Sumpter, Hezekiah Woodford, Solomon Phillips, E. R. Maxwell, Benjamin Freeland, George Richey, David Matlock, Lewis Noel, Samuel Haslett, James Denny, .John Buskirk, Zachariah Williams, Moses Williams, T. B. Clark, Eli Lee, Thomas Lee, William Hardin, Nelson Moore, Ebenezer McDonald, J. W. Lee, Aquilla Rogers, John Foster, Thomas Hadey, Granville Ward, James Dickens, Stephen S. Bigger, Susannah Lee, Jonathan Nichols, Reuben Fullen, Martha Brown, W. B. Brown, Joshua Howe and James Brown. The above were the only buyers on the 22d and 23d of June, 1818, the only two days of sale, but several of them bought several lots or even many lots. As stated elsewhere, the total proceeds of this sale were $14,326.85. The land upon which the new town was located had been secured from Jonathan and David Rogers and Robert Graham by the locating Commissioners. The Rogers Brothers were paid $1,200 for such land and Mr. Graham $900 for 150 acres soon after the first sale of lots. When the lots were laid out, there was growing upon a portion of them a crop of wheat and corn, which the Rogers Brothers were permitted to harvest without disturbance. At the first sale of lots, Jonathan Nichols was surveyor. He laid out 208 lots and was paid 30 cents each. Benjamin Parks, County Agent, was allowed $33.50 for whisky furnished at the sale. The whisky was obtained of Whisenand. Robinson Graham was chain carrier ; Aquilla Rogers, chain carrier ; John Owen, chain carrier. Lewis Noel was the "crier" or auctioneer. James Parks was clerk of the sale. Jonathan Rogers was " tapster" and dealt out the whisky to the crowd of thirsty men, and was paid at the rate of f 1 a day for his services. It must be remembered that the cash receipts were far short of the proceeds of the sale - probably about 15 per cent. The lots sold very high, considering the unsettled condition of the county. A few sold for over $200 each. The bidding was very spirited, but in the end the county lost over 30 per cent of the purchase price.

Other Buyers Of Lots

In November, 1818, at the public sale, the following men bought lots : William Hoggatt, Thomas Bailey, John Storm, James Parsons, Samuel Harryman, William Newton, James Gibbs, Pemberton Dickens, Anthony Chambers, Jesse Wright, Robert Hamilton, Samuel Scott, David Kello, Wesley Whitson, Haws Armstrong, William Cooley (colored), David Holland, George Rodenbaugh, Solomon Green, Isaiah Buskirk, Roderick Rawlins, Capt. Robert Hamilton, Jonathan Nichols, Amos Cox, David Clements, Addison Smith, John Cutler, Benjamin Parks, Jesse C. Moore, Aaron Wallace (colored), Tilghman Chance, Joseph Lebo, Joseph Perishaw, George Groves, Nelson Moore, Washington Moore, Joseph Baugh, Jesse Hughes, Josiah Buskirk, Michael Buskirk, Isaac Lebo, Chesley Bailey, John Whisenand, Thomas Graham, John Ketchum and Nathaniel Clark. The total amount of this sale was $12,274.75. The County Board ordered that county orders should be received in payment for town lots. In the spring of 1819, the County Treasurer reported the following cash receipts from the County Agent from the sale of lots :

This was about the fashion that the money came into the treasury. The cash receipts (from the sale of town lots only) from November, 1820, to November, 1821, were $3,860.42. Of this amount, $3,207.10 was expended. In February, 1822, the agent reported in his possession notes from the sale of lots to the amount of over $18,000. This fund was the most extensive and useful of any in the county at its organization.

The Early Townsmen

E. R. Maxwell, Benjamin Freeland, George Richey, David Matlock, James Denny, John Buskirk, Zachariah Williams, Moses Williams, T. B. Clark, William Hardin, Nelson Moore, Ebenezer McDonald, John W. Lee, Aquilla Rogers, John Foster, Thomas Heady, James Dickens, Stephen S. Bigger, Susannah Lee, Jonathan Nichols, Martha Brown, W. B. Brown, Joshua 0. Howe, James Brown, William Hoggatt, James Parsons, William Newton, James Gibbs, Pemberton Dickens, Jesse Wright, David Kello, Wesley Whitson, Haws Armstrong, William Cooley (colored), David Holland, George Rodenbaugh, Josiah Buskirk, Roderick Rawlins, Addison Smith, David Clements, Rev. Aaron Wallace (colored), George Groves, Washington Moore, Jesse Hughes, Isaac Lebo, Chesley Bailey, John Whisenand, and others. It is possible that a few of the above did not reside in the town, and a few are known to have remained not over a year or two.

At the time of the organization of the county, of course the population was sufficient to warrant such organization. Much of this population was near the center of the county, or on Township 9 north, Range 1 west, where it was known the county seat was likely to be located. As soon as the State Commissioner had bought land for the county seat of the Rogerses and Graham, the land in the vicinity of Bloomington rose suddenly in value and was in great demand. The town was laid out, not by the State Commission, but by the County Board, and while this was being done under the direction of the County Agent, many citizens of the county visited the spot. The streets running north and south, beginning on the west were named as follows : Poplar, Cherry, Spring, West, East, Walnut, Blue and Buck, and those running east and west, beginning on the south, were Water, South, North and Washington. Some changes have since been made in these names. On the days of the first sale of lots, a large crowd of settlers of the county and speculators gathered to look on and possibly participate, and certainly to drink of the free whisky furnished by order of the County Board. Just why the sales were so large and at such a high figure cannot be stated, unless it was because it was known that Bloomington was descined to be a great educational center. One thing is historical :

The settlement of the town was phenomenal. At the close of the year 1818, not less than thirty families lived in the town in hastily built log cabins, or rude frame houses, from the saw mill of old man Blair. A log court house had been built in which the first school was being taught, probably by Addison Smith; stores had been started; blacksmiths, carpenters, tailors and saloon keepers had appeared ; hotels had been thrown open for public entertainment, and an irregular mail route had been established with Vincennes and probably with other points. The town had a population of over one hundred and forty. The year 1819 saw this nearly double, as in 1820 the population was nearly 300. The first store was opened in June, 1818, by William Hardin, who sold whisky principally, and about $150 worth of notions. He kept tavern at the same time. The following year, George Whisenand opened a tavern, and of course sold whisky and other liquors at the bar. About this time or soon afterward, Joshua 0. Howe, Alexander Owens and Henry Batterton established separate stores of much greater pretensions than that of

Hardin, which scarcely deserved the name. The latter really kept grocery, as liquor in those days was classed as " wet groceries," and saloons, or the name, were unknown. The three men mentioned did not begin at the same time, but somewhere from 1819 to 1822, the exact date being unobtainable. Elias Abel says that when he came to Bloomington in 1824, the population was over 500, and was possibly 600. Others who came about the same time fix the population at about 400 in 1824. At all events, Bloomington at that time was the most prosperous town in this portion of the State.

About 1820, Austin Seward began manufacturing wagons, and did a general blacksmithing as did Benjamin Neal also. About the same time, William Alexander built a tannery in the eastern part of town. Col. Joseph Campbell started a tannery about a mile west of town. Day, Lucas and Campbell had some interest in the early tanneries. One stood where the railroad turn-table now is. Blair & Lowe owned an old horse mill. David Thacker owned another. The grain was ground in a rude manner, and was then bolted by hand, the owner of the grain doing the turning. The toll was one-sixth. Thacker's mill supplied his small distillery with ground grain. Not more than a barrel of liquor was manufactured per day, however. A man named Garner conducted a saw mill near the college, the motor being cattle or horses on a tread-wheel. Ellis Stone started a carding mill as early as 1820. It was operated by a tread-wheel. The building was of logs. He continued more than twenty years, and at times did a large business. He pinned up the packages of rolls with thorns gathered from the woods by boys whom he paid for the service. Haws Armstrong was operating a fulling mill in 1824. He had started it as early as 1820, and continued for a number of years to supply his patrons. Mr. Armstrong manufactured a superior article of gunpowder also. Samuel Dodds operated a tannery where the high school building now stands. John and Samuel Orchard started a carding machine about 1823, by means of a tread-wheel turned by oxen. They also manufactured considerable linseed oil, as did one or two others in the busy little town. Mr. Legg succeeded Thacker in the latter's tread-mill. Mr. Seward manufactured axes, plows, wagons and difficult work of the same character, and was so well patronized that he steadily increased his business until at last he began manufacturing general foundry work. E. C. Moberly kept tavern in 1823. Joshua H. Lucas opened a good store in 1823. He was an eccentric character of but little education, but of the highest natural ability. He was a fluent speaker, and always carried his audience with him. In 1824, he ran for the Legislature against William Alexander. The race was a close one, but Mr. Lucas was victorious, and it is stated that his victory was mainly due to his skill in telling stories and anecdotes of a quasi immoral character, which captivated the rabble.

A. & J. Owens, Henry Batterton and J. 0. Howe still continued their stores, steadily increasing the value and variety of the stock. All kinds of goods then sold for twice or thrice as much as now. Calicoes and prints were from 25 cents to 50 cents per yard, and other articles similarly high, and what rendered the times harder was the lack of market for farm productions. Wheat, corn, oats, etc., were worth from 20 cents to 40 cents per bushel, and it was difficult to sell them at that. Money was scarce - good money. Paper money was in existence and was worth all prices below par. As the value of the bills constantly fluctuated, they were really merchantable property as gold and silver were during the last war. Silver money was scarce and gold scarcer. The smaller denominations were almost unknown except as they were created and used by mutual consent. A silver quarter was quartered or cut in half, and the pieces called " sharp shins " passed current for 6J cents or 12| cents. Money was so scarce, however, that merchants were forced to barter their goods and were compelled to do a provision, pork and grain business. Farmers could trade live or dressed hogs for goods, the demand regulating the supply and price. They could also trade their grain in the same manner. This forced the merchants into pork packing and grain buying, and to the construction of flat-boats for the conveyance of their products to the Southern markets. The towns along the larger streams had the advantage in these particulars, and nearly all the heavy grain and pork shipments were from such points. This accounts for the fact that extensive business in this direction was not done at Bloomington.

Business Men

During the remainder of the decade of twenties, the merchants of Bloomington were : Alexander & John Owens, Joshua 0. Howe, Henry Batterton, A. F. Morrison, John Muir & Co., 1824 ; John Borland, 1826; G. M. Early, 1826 ; John Garner, 1827; George Henry & Co., 1828; Andrew Todd, 1827 ; Evans & Barnes, 1827 ; Patterson Officer, 1828 ; George Hardesty, 1828, and possibly others. One of the most noteworthy features of the town then was the liquor traffic. The most prominent of the merchants kept it on their counters free for their patrons, and a tavern or inn which did not keep it at the bar, was a rarity, probably unknown in the early history of Bloomington. Among the liquor sellers were some of the best citizens, morally and temperately. During the decade of the twenties the following men sold liquor : William Hardin, Clem Dickens, George Henry, John Borland, 1827 ; Notley Baker, 1827; Robertson Graham, 1828; Isaac Brown, 1828; Albert Literal, 1828 ; Jacob Kelley, 1829 ; W. D. McCullough, 1829 ; John Owens, 1829 ; John M. Berry, 1829 ; and Barton Byers, 1829. A man named Jordan manufactured liquor in Bloomington, though not on an extensive scale. Mr. Thacker also distilled a very good article of whisky, if the judgment of old settlers is to be relied upon. As such old settlers were natives of Kentucky, no attempt will be made to controvert their opinions. The tavern keepers during the twenties were William Hardin, Dr. E. C. Moberly, William Nowland, A. F. Morrison. John Sheets, George W. Hardin, Francis Taylor, Thomas Nesbitt and Mary Stockwell, J. 0. Howe, Hannah Sheets, W. D. McCullough. The Orchards kept the " Temperance House," where, it is said, liquor was not "on tap." The early physicians were David H. Maxwell, W. C. Foster, Roach and Jenkins.

regiment musters, though the battalion or general muster was by far the most universally attended. On these occasions, old Brig. Gen. J. B. Lowe donned his uniform and turned-up continental hat, buckled on his sword, and conducted the muster in person. On that day men were free, that is, they were privileged from arrest, except for crime. They could fight, run horses, drink all kinds of liquid hell, and rave through the county seat at will on the public streets and grounds, and no one could molest or make them afraid. The old muster or parade ground was two or three or more blocks east of the public square, that portion of the town being open common at that time. The muster was little better than a farce, and was chiefly enjoyed for the sports invariably present. Wrestling, jumping and shooting at a mark were among the popular sports. At one of these gatherings, two men became involved in a question of honor, and with true Kentucky spirit proposed to settle the matter with a fist fight. One was an experienced fighter, the other was not, and both were athletic, full of pluck and wind. Both stripped to the waist, and the experienced man stepped into a door near by, where stood a barrel of soft soap, which he quickly smeared over the upper half of his body and resumed his position ready for the fight. The slight delay led friends to intercede and the fight was compromised at this juncture, though the experienced man refused to withdraw unless his antagonist paid for the soap, which cost a picayune, which was accordingly done. Many a savage and protracted fight was witnessed on the public square. Election days were similarly observed.

The Town In 1830-40

In 1830, the population of Bloomington was not less than 700. At that time the "Indiana College "had a large attendance, an excellent corps of instructors and a superior curriculum. This institution, which was built in 1823, was the pride of the town and the means of rapidly and greatly increasing its population, enterprise and material wealth. The town also boasted a flourishing newspaper, if such an issue can be said to have been flourishing. The citizens had incorporated the village a number of years before, and this was another source of joy and congratulation. In addition to all this, there were numerous factories of leather, liquor, domestic and farming implements, flour, tailor goods, oil, and numerous stores, shops, oflices, mechanics, artisans, tradesmen, educators, professional men and speculators. The incorporated town of Bloomington was a prosperous place.

The merchants during the decade of the thirties were Alexander and John Owen, Joshua 0. Howe, Evans & Barnes, Parks & Hester, Henry Batterton, Patterson Officer, Notley Baker, George H. Johnson, John Borland, Labertew & King, William S. Wright, Nichols & Roach, John Bennett, Hardesty & Graham, J. & J. W. Carter, John M. Sluss, B. R. Byers, John Campbell, Rogers, Blakely & Co., Hardesty & Robertson, J. H. King & Co., F. T. Butler, John M. Berry, Asher Labertew, Sluss & Hall, Tilford & Glass, John S. Barnes, John Fee, William Alexander, Moore & Swarengin, and perhaps others. Among the liquor sellers were Notley Baker, George & John Hardesty, James Cochran ; and among the tavern keepers were Asher Labertew, Aquilla Rogers, Daniel Deckard, S. P. Seall and others. During this period, the population of the town increased to nearly 1,000, and enterprises of all kinds multiplied. The county seminary had been built in 1835, and had been so changed that females alone were admitted. In the State University, boys alone were admitted. The students attending both institutions at any time were about 200, and the influence exerted by the presence of such facilities for education gave Bloomington a literary and social caste at that time probably possessed by no other town in the State. There were two newspapers, each enjoying a fair circulation, and besides these there was issued by Marcus L. Deal a semi-monthly periodical in the interests of the college. The town had three or four churches attended by large congregations, and served by ministers of great ability and repute. Indeed, Bloomington was the center of the conference of most of the denominations, where the Presiding Elder or preacher resided, and where the religious interests of this portion of Indiana found their controlling head. The merchants had enlarged their stocks of goods and had begun to pack pork, though on a limited scale comparatively. The Sewards were doing a big business in all kinds of iron work ; D. Batterton manufactured iron ware and stove furniture ; Philip Murphy & Co., manufactured hats and caps, getting his wool from the surrounding country ; Notley Baker, was the barber; J. McCuUough was tanner and currier; S. P. Seall was proprietor of the Globe Inn ; William Lowe was Postmaster ; Watts, Dunning, Gorman, Denny, J. B. Lowe, J. A. Wright and others were lawyers ; McCorkle, Hamill and Foster were the doctors ; Chipman & Kirk made hats and caps ; T. J. Ryan manufactured saddles ; Day was the painter ; John McCullough's tannery was an extensive establishment for the time. The master tailors were Abram Funk, W. J. Flurry, A. Labertew, S. T. Hardesty and H. Hardesty. They adopted a schedule of prices for cutting and making. In 1837, the old " market house " was erected, the County Board paying $200 if the town would pay as much more, which was done. Here it was that the townspeople went to market instead of to the groceries as at present. The old house was continued until some time in the fifties. In 1838, an effort to secure a fire engine failed, but the attempts directed attention to that want, and not many years later the old Pioneer Fire Company was organized. This company has endured until the present day. During this decade also a saxe-horn band was organized, which furnished the town with public music until about the time of the last war. These are only a few of the enterprises of this decade.

The Town In 1840-50

The merchants during the decade of forties were Peter Martineau, Labertew & Ray, Johnson & Stout, Thomas McCalla, E. P. Farmer, J. 0. & J. M. Howe, A. & J. Owens, John Campbell, G. H. Johnson, Deitch & Block, William Wylie & Co., Catharine Owens, H. W. Woodward, J. McCorkle, Snyder & Isaacs, Andrew Helton, G. W. Moore, E. E. & G. W. Sluss, S. P. Chipman, Coleman, Levy & Co., J. & W. 0. Fee, Richard Hardesty, J. W. Carter, S. & J. Pennington, Y. B. & J. W. Pullen, Alexander Sutherland and others. Among the grocers were Richard Hardestv, Aquilla Rogers, Jacob Young, J. M. C. Hunter,

Felix G. Hite and Eogers & Payne. It was during this period that the temperance struggle was prosecuted with such relentless vigor that nearly all the dealers were driven from the town mainly through the pressure of public opinion. The leading business enterprises were the carding mill of Thomas Hardesty ; Maj. Kite's steam grist mill and carding mill; McCrum's grist mill, the various tanneries, wagon and iron shops, harness and saddle manufactories, batteries, etc., etc. The town had been again incorporated in 1847. The population had increased to about twelve hundred.

The Town In 1850-60

During the fifties, the merchants were . Sutherland & Jones, Tarkington & Abel, W. 0. Fee, H. D. Woodward, Andrew Helton, Jesse Cox & Co., J. B. Mulky, J. 0. & J. M. Howe, Thomas McCalla, S. P. Chipman, William McCrum, G. H. Johnson, E. E. Sluss, Tuley & McCrea, Samuel & Isaac Kahn, E. B. Pennington, James Millen, J. W. Davis & Co., Helton & Dodds, Miller & MofFett, Asher Labertew, John Campbell, Dunn & Co., Pennington & Tuley, J. B. Hobson & Co., Pleasant Williams, J. B. Mulky, drugs; Carsaw & Andrews, monuments; J. J. Cherry & Co., furniture; Tarkington & Aiken, Joseph Orr, drugs; Daniel Shrader, boots and shoes ; A. Helton & Sons, Benjamin McGee, tailors ; Theodore Johnson, saddle factory ; George Heppert, butcher ; Cox & Springer, drugs ; Woodward & Buchanan, drugs ; D. F. Tilford, stoves, etc.; Slider & Tibbetts, merchandise ; Mason & Faris, drugs, and a host of kindred establishments too numerous to mention. The first bank was established during the fifties. The woolen factory of Mr. Holtzman had become large and prosperous. The following was his advertisement in the county paper:

The undersigned wish to inform the citizens of Monroe and the adjoining counties, that we have built a large addition to our Factory, and put up steam power ; we are now ready to receive any quantity of wool to be carded into rolls or spun into yam at the following prices : For carding white, 6J cents per pound, or one-sixth of the wool. Mixed, 8J. For Carding and Spinning, 17 cents per pound, if not reeled; if reeled, 20 cents. All wool should be well washed and picked. The following is the best mode for washing fine wool: Fill a large kettle with water, bring to near a boiling heat, add salt to make it a strong brine, put in some of the wool, not so much as to crowd the kettle, stir gently 3 or 4 minutes, take out the wool and rinse in clean water, do not empty the kettle, keep up the heat, keep it filled with water, adding a little more salt. We will also continue the manufacturing of double Coverlets and Carpetings, of a variety of Patterns. The work will be done by experienced workmen. We do it promptly and must have prompt pay.

Bloominoton Mills I 1

We would announce to the citizens of the surrounding country, that these Mills are in complete running order, and would respectfully solicit their patronage. We shall endeavor to do our " custom work " with the utmost dispatch. Having in our employ men of experience and skill, and having the most approved machinery, we flatter ourselves that we are able to give general satisfaction, both as to quality and quantity. We will grind either for toll, or exchange flour for wheat. Terms: One-sixth toll. Exchange: Thirty-eight pounds of flour for white wheat, and thirty-six for red wheat, and half bushel of bran for each merchantable bushel of wheat. Grists to be ground we would prefer to be as much as 8 or 10 bushels. 50,000 bushels of wheat wanted ! The higliest miurket price paid for wheat and corn. Flour, meal and feed always on hand and for sale. Extra family flour from selected white wheat, put up in half and quarter barrel bags, and always warranted,

In 1855, Tarkington & Akin began to issue " shinplasters " of the denominations of 50 cents and $1, which were received at first at their face. J. M. Howe also issued a small quantity. This was done to facilitate exchanges, great want being experienced for denominations smaller than the banks or the Government afford. It is said that Tarkington & Akin issued several thousand dollars of these "shinplasters." In a year or two, they began to depreciate in value, and then the fun commenced. In 1858, the following action was taken by the leading business men, the proceedings being published in the Bepublican, as shown here :

" Shinpi^sters." - We, the undersigned citizens of Bloomington, Ind., pledge our word and honor that we will not take any "sMnplaster" currency after the 1st day of February, for more than mneii/ cents to the dollar ; and that we will not circulate any more after this date - nor any other paper currency not regularly chartered according to law. January 20, 1858.

Thb Mails. - Arrivals at and Departures from the Bloomington P. 0. - From New Albany (by railroad) arrives at 5:25 P. M., and departs north immediately.

From Columbus (by two-horse hack) arrives every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 12 M. ; and departs every Monday, Wednesday an'd Friday, at 10 A. M.

The New Albany Railroad, which had been built through the county early in this decade (fifties), had added materially to the growth and importance of the county seat, and the county as well. It gave the town the advantage of quick and cheap transportation. An account of the construction of this road will be found elsewhere. In about 1856, the Seward & Chase Iron Foundry doubled its capacity, and began doing a large business. Iron ware of all descriptions - stoves, plows, castings for all kinds of machinery, frying pans, andirons, axes, etc., and a general blacksmithing business. The following were the prices, in Bloomington, of sundry articles August 27, 1858 :

The First Incorporation

As early as the 5th of March, 1827, the citizens of Bloomington, pursuant to notice, met at the court house to ascertain at the polls whether the county seat should become the incorporated town of Bloomington. Ellis Stone was made President of the meeting, and Benjamin V. Peele Secretary. On motion, it was decided to test the question viva voce, which was done with the following result : For incorporation, 18 ; against incorporation, 3 ; majority in favor of incorporation, 15. An election of the necessary Trustees was ordered, and was held with the subjoined result as shown by the returns of the board of election :

At an election held in the town of Bloomington on the 8th of September, 1828, to elect Trustees for Ihe incorporation of the town, agreeably to the act of the General Assembly, we hereby certify that the following persons were dnly elected : Joshua 0. Howe, William Alexander, Asher Labertew, Robinson Graham and Jimes Evans. Given under our hands aad seals this 17lh day of September, 1828.

For some reason unobtainable, the municipal government was permitted to die out, and was not again revived until late in the forties. The proceedings of the Legislature were as follows :

The .Second Inookpokation

Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Astembly of the State of Indiana, That such part of the township of Bloomington in the county of Monroe as is included within the following limits and boundaries, that is to say, beginning at. the northeast corner of Outlet No. 21, thence west to the northwest corner of Outlot No. 39, thence south to the northwest corner of Outlot No. 88, thence west to the northwest corner of Outlot No. 41, thence south to the southwest corner of fractional Lot No. 2ti, thence east to the northeast corner of Outlot No. 35, thence south to the southwest corner of fractional Lot No. 9, thenon east to the southeast corner of the university square, thence north to the southwest corner of Outlot No. 72, thence east to the soutaeast corner of Outlot No. 75, thence to the northeast corner of Outlot No. 21, the place of beginning, including all the inlots and outlets of said town, be and the same is hereby erected into a town corporate which shall henceforth be known and designated by the name of the town of Bloomington, subject, however, to such repeal, alteralion and regulation as the Legislature may from time to time prescribe.

Section 2 of this enactment provided for the election of a Mayor, a Recorder and five Trustees, who should constitute a body corporate with perpetual succession, and to be known as the Common Council of Bloomington. Section 3 provided for the annual election of town officers. Section 4 provided for the administration of justice within the corporate limits. Section 5 provided for meetings of the Council, specified what should constitute a quorum, and regulated the passage or adoption of town

By an act approved January 16, 1849, the above act was amended so as to regulate the working of streets, and another amendment approved February 12, 1851, the corporate limits were changed as follows: " Said town corporate shall include the southeast quarter of Section 32, in Township 9 north. Range 1 west, and the southwest quarter of Section 33, Township 9 north, Range 1 west, and also the following: Beginning at the southwest corner of Seminary Outlot No. 60, thence with and including the street to the southeast corner of Seminary Outlot No. 76, thence north with and including the street to the south«ast corner of said quarter section secondly above mentioned.

This act also provided that eleven Trustees should be elected instead of five, and the name became " The Council of Bloomington." Several changes were also made in the administration of justice.

The Municipal Government

In pursuance of the above act of January, 1845, the citizens of Bloomington met in the court house (in March, 1847), and proceeded to ballot for a Mayor, Recorder, Marshal, Treasurer and five Councilmen. Upon counting the votes it appeared that John Lawrence was elected Mayor ; Robert Acufi", Recorder ; A. Labertew, Treasurer ; D. B. Judah, Marshal, and W. M. Smith. Samuel Kirk, J. M. Howe, John Graham and Joseph G. McPheeters, Councilmen. The first meeting of the Town Council was held on the 6th of March, 1847, in the Recorder's office. The first act was to appoint a committee to draft such ordinances as they deemed necessary to be presented to the full Council for adoption or rejection. Orders were then given for the necessary record books, and the Council adjourned. At the second meeting, Samuel Moore was permitted to occupy a portion of the street for his brick shed. David B. Judah was appointed Street Supervisor or Commissioner. The Council then proceeded to adopt sixteen ordinances for the municipal government. One of the ordinances (which the writer thinks was a good one) was as follows :

" 13th. No person shall be allowed to keep a dog within the limits of the corporation. Any person violating this ordinance shall be fined 50 cents for each dog so kept, provided that no person shall be fined more than once during the same year for the same dog."

It will be seen that the ordinance amounted to nothing more than an annual tax of 50 cents on each dog. At the August meeting of the Council, a petition signed by one hundred and three citizens was presented the Council praying that the above ordinance be repealed, and after discussion, the prayer of the petitioners was granted. At the next meeting, the Mayor tendered his resignation, which was laid upon the table until the next day, and was then refused, and after some promises and assurances His Honor withdrew the document, and the skies were bright again. Samuel M. Orchard was granted permission to erect hay scales on Market street. Considerable time was spent in amending the city charter, which was then turned over to the Representative in the Legislature from the county, to be passed at the next session. In January,

1848, a tax of ten cents on each $100 worth of taxable property was levied for town purposes. In February, 1848, the following was passed : " Resolved, That Hon. William Berry is entitled to the thanks of this Council for his promptness and energy in securing the passage of a new charter in the State Senate, which was all that this board asked or desired on his part, and that a copy of this resolution be handed to him." Just what change was made in the charter cannot be stslted. James S. Hester was appointed Town Attorney. Mr. Smith resigned his position as Councilman, and Dr. R. C. Hamill ^as appointed his successor. The town ofiBcers elected in 1848 were as follows : David H. Maxwell, Mayor ; J. Gr. McPheeters, Recorder ; D. B. Judah, Marshal ; Asher Labertew, Treasurer ; Joseph M. Howe, Elias Able, Henry Tanner, William Owen and Alfred Mercer, Councilmen. Liquor license was fixed at $25. In May and June, 1848, active work was done on the streets and sidewalks.

In 1851, an ordinance to tax retail liquor dealers with a town license of $500 (additional to the county license), after long discussion and some strong opposition, was adopted. This was the year of the visitation of cholera, quite a number of the citizens dying. The Council purchased 200 bushels of fresh lime to be scattered through the town, and directed that all saloons should be closed temporarily until the scourge was past. It was during this year also the construction of the New Albany & Salem Railroad was going on in the town. Changes were made in the streets to admit the road. For several years after this expensive work was done upon the streets, so much so that a strong sentiment in opposition to a continuance of a municipal government was developed. This led, in January, 1858, to the opening of the polls to determine whether the corporation should be dissolved. One hundred and fifteen ballots had on them the word "yes," and 101 had on the word "no," being a majority of fourteen in favor of the dissolution. The municipal government was then dissolved.

Corporation Meeting. - ^Pursuant to public notice, a meeting of the voters of the town of Bloomington was held at the court house in said town, on Monday evening, the 2d of August, 1858, for the purpose of disposing of the pro'perty, money and effects belonging to the late corporation of said town, which corporation has been abolished by a vote of the legal voters of the same.

The meeting was organized by calling Samuel H. Buskirk to the Chair, and appointing Milton MoPhetridge, Secretary. The object of the meeting was then stated by the Chair.

Robert C. Foster, President of the Board of Trustees of said town, submitted the following statement of the property, money and effects of said corporation, and liabilities of the same, viz.: '

Resolved, That the funds in the hands and now due from Lemuel Gentry, Treasurer of Monroe County, and paid in on the taxes of 1855 and 1856, be distributed to each of the persons who have paid the same, in proportion to the amount paid.

Retained, that a committee of two be appointed by the President of this meeting to make such distribution, and when so distributed issue certificates to the persons entitled thereto; when

Resolved, That a committee of two be appointed to prosecute the suit in the Supreme Court, and to collect the delinquent taxes of 1855 and 1866; which motion was not adopted.

Whereupon a division of the question was demanded by Mr. McCuUough, and a vote taken on the first resolution, which was adopted by the meeting

Dr. MoPheeters moved to amend the second resolution, by providing that the money in the hands of the Treasurer of Monroe County be applied as follows, viz.: " One-half thereof to be applied for the purchasing of a bell for the court house, and the residue donated to the Bloomington Band ; which amendment was on motion of P. L. D. Mitchell, laid upon the table ; whereupon the original resolutions were adopted.

Resolved, That we receive from Wallace Hight, late Marshal of said town, the notes as money on the Citizens Bank of Gosport, which were received by him for taxes in good faith, and when they were current here; which resolution was adopted.

Resolved, That the tax-payers of 1857 who have not paid their taxes, be released from the payment of the same; which resolutions were adopted by the meeting.

Resolved, That the $133 of the Citizens Bank now in the hands of Wallace Hight, be placed in the hands of the County Auditor for the purpose of aiding the County Board to purchase a bell for the use of the court house ; also, that all the books, seal, etc., of said corporation be placed iti the hands of said Auditor for the use of any future corporation of said town.

The following year (1859), the town was incorporated anew, not under a special act of the Legislature but under the State law which thus" provided. Since then the corporation has continued without interruption.

In October, 1866, an election was held to determine whether the town of Bloomington should become the city of Bloomington, with the following result: For incorporation, one hundred and seventy-eight; against incorporation, ninety-three. As there were five hundred and thirteen voters in the town, and as a majority of the same had not voted for the incorporation or at the late election at all, the question of incorporating the town as a city was for the time abandoned. In 1868, upon petition of the Town Council of Bloomington, the County Commissioners conveyed to the Council and their successors in oflBce the old county cemetery within the town limits. For the year ending April 20, 1868, the receipts of the town were $2,306.49, and the expenses $2,268.94. In 1870, the School Trustees of the town reported that they had purchased ground for the erection thereon of a high school building, and asked the Council to issue town bonds to the amount of $20,000 to defray the expense of erecting the contemplated building. Action on the matter was postponed by the Council until May, 1871, when the amount of bonds asked for were issued, as follows : Forty bonds of $100 each, payable one year after date, with ten per cent interest ; sixty bonds of $100 each ; ten bonds of $500 each, and five bonds of $1,000 each, the last due in eight years with interest at ten per cent. A tax of 40 cents on each $100 valuation and a poll tax of $1 were assessed to meet this expense. The receipts for the fiscal year ending April 30, 1872, were $4,989.35, and the expenses $4,960.04. In August, 1872, the School Trustees reported that $20,000 was insuflScient to" cover the expense of finishing the school building then in course of construction, and asked that an additional $10,000 worth of town bonds might be sold. This was ordered done by the Town Council, as follows : Fifteen bonds of $100 each, due in one year, interest ten per cent ; forty-five bonds of $100 each ; four bonds of $500 each ; two bonds of $1,000 each, the last due in twelve years, and over two years, interest ten per cent. The same town tax as above stated was ordered continued until the principal and interest of the bonds were paid. In June, 1873, the School Trustees asked for the sale of additional town bonds to the amount of $15,000, to be used in completing the new school building. This was done as follows : Fifty bonds of $100 each ; ten bonds of $500 each ; five bonds of $1 ,000 each, all to be due within twenty years and after five years, interest ten per cent. The tax to pay the principal and interest of the bonds was increased to 50 cents on each $100 valuation, with the poll tax at $1. At this time the entire corporation tax was as follows :

In 1873, alarge number of fire buckets, ladders, etc., were purchased. In January, 1876, the School Trustees reported that the new school house was completed, and that an indebtedness of $7,000 had been incurred in addition to the bond indebtedness of $45,000, in finishing the building, and asked that $7,000 worth of new bonds might be issued to meet such extra expense. The Town Board ordered the following bonds issued : Twenty bonds of $100 each ; ten bonds of $600 each ; all to be due within twenty years and after five years, interest ten per cent.

In July, 1876, the Council were petitioned to take action to have the town incorporated as a city, the petition being signed by 217 citizens. An election was held, and resulted as follows: ^For incorporation as a city, 184 ; against such incorporation, 169. The first city officers were C. W. Henderson, Mayor; John Waldron, H. H. Voss, W. N. Showers, A. T. Massey, Andrew Hoover and M. B. Dillon, Councilman. The first meeting of the City Council was held September 13, 1876. R. C. Greeves was Clerk ; C. H. McPheeters, Treasurer ; and James Slocum, Marshal. In a short time, all the old-time ordinances were revised, corrected, rejected and adopted, and the new mifnicipal machinery was set in efiiective motion.

By April, 1877, the bonded indebtedness of the city was $39,700, there having been paid $12,300. The City Council ordered new bonds, bearing seven per cent interest, issued to the amount of $16,000, that amount and $1,700 more being then due, for the purpose of refunding the old bonds at a lower rate of interest ; 120 bonds of $100 each, and 8 bonds of $500 each, were ordered sold. A tax was ordered levied which would pay the interest on the bonds, and at the same time create a sinking fund of not less than 5 cents on each $100 valuation, to be used in reducing the principal of the bonded debt.