Green Township (part 2 of 3)

Elm At Entrance Of Park Cemetery, Greenfield

The record of the town council also shows that on April 7, 1865, on motion of J. W. Walker, councilman, the plan and plat proposed by Lemuel W. Gooding for laying off the ground of the Greenfield cemetery was adopted. The cemetery was laid off with streets and alleys as we now know it. A number of additions have been made to it since that time so that now it contains about thirty-five acres. The last addition was made just a few years ago, and the survey, with the circular drives, etc., was made by the county surveyor, O. H. Monger. It is maintained by a tax levied by the city of Greenfield and is known as one of the most beautiful cemeteries of its size in the state.

Here rest many whose names are prominent on the pages of the county's history. Observing the names on the memorial stones as one enters the cemetery gate and turns to the southward, are James A. Flippo, Matthew L. Paullus, Alfred Potts and Lafayette H. Reynolds. Turning eastward in the first street, we see the names of William H. Glascock, Joseph Baldwin, John H. Binford, James A. New, Lee O. Harris, Wesley Addison, Jonathan Tague, Adams L. Ogg, Salem O. Shumway, Philander H. Boyd, James L. Mason, Madison Hinchman, Dr. Elam I. Judkins, William New, Morris Pierson, Benjamin F. Wilson, Hamlin L. Strickland, Elmer E. Stoner, Ephraim Thomas, Tames K. King, Capt. Isaiah A. Curry, David S. Gooding, Jacob Slifer, William G. Smith and Montgomery Marsh.

Standing at the mound and looking to the south and west, are the names of S. War Barnett, William G. Richey, Dr. Noble P. Howard, Andrew J. Banks, Aaron Pope, Henry Swope, Andrew T. Hart, Hollis B. Thayer, Edward P. Scott, Alexander K. Branham, D. H. Goble, William Mitchell and Charles Atherton, who laid out the town of Philadelphia more than eighty years ago.

To the northwest of the mound lie William Wilkins, formerly sheriff of Hancock county; the Burdetts, Penuel Bidgood, John W. Ryon and W. S. Fries.

Coming west along the north side, we observe the names of Samuel H. Dunbar, James P. Foley, Richard A. Black, Dr. Warren R. King, Samuel P. Gordon, Jackson Wills, Chesteen W. Gant, Nelson Bradley, Morgan Chandler,

On the newer part of the cemetery to the south stand the memorials of William C. Barnard, W. H. H. Rock, Aqnilla Grist and Morgan Caraway. Here, too, lie Ephraim Marsh and William Ward Cook, resting through the eons of eternity, even as they fought life's battles - side by side.

Physicians - R. E. Barnet, Howard, Martin & Howard, J. A. Hall, E. I. Judkins, M. M. Adams, S. S. Boots, L. A. Vawter, O. M. Edwards, J. W. Selman and J. Francis.

The following are also the names of business men in Greenfield who agreed to keep their business houses closed on December 25, 1884, from one to four P. M. : Harry L. Strickland, V. L. Early, A. Hackleman, E. B. Grose, Hart & Thayer, L. A. Davis, George F. Hammel, G. W. Randall, S. Furry, M. C. Quigley, F. E. Glidden, J. J. Hauck, New & Hammel, Lee C. Thayer, Baldwin & Scott, J. A. Dalrvmple, C. M. Jackson, A. J. Banks, Edwards &

Although Hancock county is now covered with a net work of telephone wires, it has only been a little more than thirty years since the first line for public service was brought into the county. This line was constructed from Indianapolis to Greenfield and was ready for operation on June 21, 1884. The telephone office was installed in Early's drug store. A private line or two may have been constructed within the county prior to that time, and several private lines may have been constructed in the few years following. The first regular telephone exchange was not installed at Greenfield until February 1, 1895, when the Morrison exchange was established, with about sixty phones contracted for. Among the first subscribers for the telephone system of Greenfield and Hancock county were the following : H. S. Hume, Frank Morgan, Jacob Forest, L. B. Griffin, Ephraim Marsh, S. R. Wells, James A. Wells, H. L. Strickland, John Borrey, William Mitchell, Jr., W. A. Wilkins, Herald Publishing Company, M. M. Adams, D. S. Bragg, William Tolen & Company, W. B. Cuyler, W. S. Montgomery, Black & Gordon, Harry Strickland, A. P. Conklin, W. R. King, N. P. Howard, Jr., C. W. Morrison & Son, H. B. Thayer, J. E. Dailey, Dr. S. S. Boots, William Ward Cook, W. S. Gant, W. H. Pauley, J. W'ard Walker, Edmund P. Thayer, J. W. Ramsey, W. S. Walker, Samuel P. Gordon, C. K. Bruner, C. E. Kinder, U. S. Gant, J. H. Binford, Marsh & Cook, William Hughes, Mitchell Printing Company, J. W. Cooper, J. Ward Walker & Company, New Brothers, E. P. Thayer & Company, G. W. Sopher, J. G. Alexander & Company, J. M. Hinchman, Jeffries & Son, J. \V. Carter and Arthur Walker. Seymour Morrison had started the telephone business at McCordsville and branched out until his lines reached Greenfield. V. L. Early, George H. Cooper and William A. Hough then bought an interest in his business and made Greenfield the center of the Morrison lines. V. L. Early, as general manager, probably has had more to do than any other one person, with the establishment of telephone service in Hancock county.

About 1900 the Hannah-Jackson Telephone Company, was organized as a second county system in opposition to the Morrison system. It was found to be unprofitable, however, to operate two telephone systems in the county and after a few years the Hannah-Jackson Company went into a receiver's hands and was bought by the Morrison Company. Since that time the Morrison Company has grown and rural lines have been installed until it is now possible for any person in the county to converse with any one else in any other part of the county. The New Long Distance and also the Bell lines connect with the Morrison exchange, so that practically any point in the United States that has telephone connections may be reached from Greenfield.

Indianapolis & Greenfield Traction Line

The interurban line between Greenfield and Indianapolis was promoted and constructed by Greenfield parties. Among the promoters were F. G. Banker, William C. Dudding, C. M. Kirkpatrick, Nathan C. Binford, Lorenzo E. McDonald, R. A. Black and Elmer J. Binford. The latter was the attorney for the company. When the papers were presented to the attorneys at Cleveland, Ohio, who represented the concern that was being asked to finance the road, they received mention as being among the most perfect documents ever presented for consideration. As a result of this legal work, Mr. Binford became known as one of the ablest corporation lawyers in the state.

The contract for the construction of the line was taken by the Kirkpatrick Construction Company, of which C. M. Kirkpatrick, of Greenfield, was body and soul. Work began on the line in the fall of 1899, and the road began carrying passengers regularly on June 17, 1900.

The major portion of the stock was held by the persons above named, who later sold it at a very handsome profit. The line has been one of the best paying roads in the state, and is now owned by the Terre Haute, Indianapolis & Eastern Traction Company.

The Greenfield Banking Company was established as a private bank, September 4, 1871. It was at first located at the corner of Main and State streets, where the Masonic Temple now stands. The original stockholders were Nelson Bradley, Morgan Chandler, J. Ward Walker, Alex Swope, Stephen Dickerson and Joseph O. Binford. Nelson Bradley was the first president, and J. Ward Walker, the first cashier. Later the bank was moved to its present location, and became a state bank in December, 1898. The first stockholders of the state bank were Nelson Bradley, Ephraim Marsh, Henry L. Moore, D. B. Cooper, Charles Barr and W. O. Bragg. The officers were Nelson Bradley, president; Ephraim Marsh, vice-president; D. B. Cooper, cashier, and Walter O. Bragg, assistant cashier. Mr. Bradley, who was the first president of this bank, remained in that capacity until 1909, when he presented to the board of directors the following letter of resignation :

"I hereby tender my resignation as president and director of The Greenfield Banking Company, said resignation to take effect on the 6th day of September, 1909, at which time I will complete my thirty-eighth year as president and director of The Greenfield Banking Company.

"I resign for the reason that my advanced years make it impossible for me to give the attention to the duties which the positions require. I am now eighty-seven years old and I am glad to say that from the time this bank was established, September 3, 1871, to the present, during all of which time I have been president, no man has lost a dollar.

The Citizens Bank was organized as a partnership or private bank in the spring of 1873, by Philander H. Boyd, John B. Simmons, William S. Wood and Israel P. Poulson, of Hancock county, and Abiram Boyd, Wayne county, Indiana. The building where the bank is yet conducted was erected and the first banking business was transacted on January 4, 1874, Philander H. Boyd being president, and John B. Simmons, cashier. Mr. Wood sold his interest to the other partners and retired March 12, 1874, and the partnership as thus constituted continued until the death of Mr. Simmons, May 20, 1888.

Within a year or two after opening, the business had grown to such proportions that additional help was required, and Wallace A. Simmons and Frank Simmons, sons of the cashier, were successively called in as bookkeepers. On account of ill health both soon had to retire. George H. Cooper came to the bank as regular bookkeeper in 1883, but for several years previous

On July 16, 1888, James A. Boyd, of Cambridge City, having acquired the interest of his father, Abiram Boyd, and Mr. Cooper having the interest of Mr. Poulson, the bank was reorganized, the partners being Philander H. Boyd and George H. Cooper, of Greenfield, and James A. Boyd, of Cambridge City. This partnership continued until the death of Philander H. Boyd on August 30, 1897. The surviving partners continued to conduct the affairs until April 1, 1898, when the business was purchased by the present owners: James R. Boyd, son of the first president ; George H. Cooper and William B. Bottsford. Mr. Bottsford, who had long been a teacher in the public schools, came to the bank as bookkeeper in 1892, and is regarded as one of the ablest accountants in the state. He was made assistant cashier in 1897.

The Citizens' Bank from its beginning has helped advance the material interests of the county. An examination of its books, which was necessary to gather the above data, reveals facts and events closely allied with the lives of many of its patrons, and with nearly every material advancement of the county. On the opening day there were twelve depositors, who deposited a total of $1,365. Thomas H. Mitchell, second son of William Mitchell, of the Hancock Democrat, made the first deposit. He was at that time a newsboy selling the Indianapolis Sentinel apd Cincinnati Enquirer. Mrs. Malissa Cooper, mother of the present cashier, was the first woman to make a deposit. Mr. Mitchell is the only one of the first depositors now living, but it is noteworthy that many of the names yet daily entered on the books are of the second and third generations of most of the first depositors. The births, marriages, deaths, in fact, full family histories, as well as the building of school houses, churches, lodges, factories, and other commercial progress are traceable in the many entries in the financial books of the institution. The "bank open" and "bank closed" metal sign which hangs on the front door to announce the daily routine of the bank was painted by James Whitcomb Riley while he was a sign painter, and it bears his characteristic name as he was accustomed to paint it on all the signs he painted.

The bank has a paid-up capital and surplus of $60,000, and being a partnership bank, with the individual estates of the partners back of it, makes it one of the "financial strongholds" of the county. The present officers are: James R. Boyd, president; George H. Cooper, cashier; Horace K. Boyd and Sheldon B. Cooper, bookkeepers.

year it opened its doors for business. The capital stock of the bank was originally $25,000. ' On December 21, 1907, it was increased to $50,000. The moving spirit in the promotion and organization of the bank was John H. Binford, who later became president of the institution. The first directors were William Toms, Isaiah A. Curry, L. E. McDonald, Nathan C. Binford and John H. Binford. L. E. McDonald was the first cashier and served until 1908. Nathan C. Binford was the first president and served until 1908, at which time he was chosen cashier. John H. Binford was elected president in 1908 and served until the time of his death in 1912. He was followed by Joseph L. Binford, who served as president until his death in 191 5, when he was followed by Robert Barclay Binford. At present Robert Barclay Binford is president, and Nathan C. Binford, cashier of the bank.

The Hughes Bank was a private institution, established by John A. Hughes on July 1, 1881. It first opened its doors at No. 15 South Pennsylvania street. After July 1, 1884, it occupied the rooms at 101 West Main street. John A. Hughes remained in the bank until the time of his death, on August 25, 1885. George H. Cooper held a position as assistant cashier from July 1, 1881, until July 1, 1883. At that time he was succeeded by William A. Hughes, who, after the death of his father, operated the bank

Four or five years ago the Home Savings and Trust Company was organized by Charles E. Barrett, an attorney of Indianapolis. It offices were located in the New building at Greenfield. The venture, however, proved a failure and after a few months its doors were closed. Several Greenfield parties were financially interested in it.

The Greenfield Building And Loan Association

In the summer of 1883, the late James M. Morgan, Elam I. Judkins, F. E. Gedden, Nelson Bradley, James Demaree, J. Ward Walker, Charles M. Alexander, Sam E. Duncan, John Corcoran, Albert R. Hughes, D. B. Cooper, V. L. Early and others conceived the idea of organizing a building and loan association.

After canvassing the citizens of Greenfield to ascertain if an institution of such a character could subsist in Greenfield, it was determined to effect an organization, with the above-named citizens as incorporators. Articles of association were filed in the office of the secretary of state on July 25, 1883. The following men were selected as directors to serve for one year : James M. Morgan, Elam I. Judkins, D. B. Cooper, F. E. Glidden and John Corcoran. The directors organized with James M. Morgan as president; Nelson Bradjey, treasurer, and Charles M. Alexander, secretary. The first Monday in September, 1883, was fixed as the date upon which the subscribers to the stock were to begin to pay. The association organized with a capital stock of $300,000, which was increased to $1,000,000 on October 29, 1885.

The association started out on a plan known as a serial, with shares at $300 each, payable 50 cents per week. Six series were issued, one each year, stock to mature in about seven years. About this time it became evident that the first series issued would mature in a short time, and to accumulate money io pay off this series became a problem. The directors and stockholders found it necessary to change from a serial to a permanent plan, making the shares of stock $100, instead of $300, payable 25 cents per week.

The presidents of the association have been James M. Morgan, F. E. Glidden, S. S. Boots and the present incumbent, V. L. Early, with continuous service since September 2, 1890. Nelson Bradley held the office of treasurer from the organization until January 12, 1909; John A. Rhue, treasurer from January 12, 1909, to April 3, 191 1, and Charles Barr, the present incumbent, from April 3, 191 1.

John F. Mitchell And Wife

and served one year. He was succeeded by W. O Bragg, who served until September, 1880, and since that time John Corcoran, the present secretary, has discharged the duties of that office.

Publishing Houses Wm. Mitchell Printing Co

William Mitchell, the founder of the printing company, came to Greenfield in 1856. He first became identified with the Greenfield Sentinel, and was one of the men who launched the Hancock Democrat in 1859. Other men of the company were Noble Warrum, David S. Gooding, William R. West and George Y. Atkinson. David S. Gooding was editor-in-chief for several years and William Mitchell, local editor. So much of Gooding's time was given to politics that before the close of the Civil War, William Mitchell bought the plant. During the war the Democrat championed the cause of the "War Democrats," and gave its undivided support to the Union cause. In fact, it became the local organ of the Union party. Its policy appears weekly in bold letters across its front page : "The Union - the Constitution - the Rights of the People."

The first home of the Democrat was in the east wing of the first court house on the public square, described in the chapter on "County Buildings." Soon after the Civil War, William Mitchell moved the establishment to the second floor of the Banks' block, No. 15 West Main street. The paper was published here until it was moved into its present home on South State street, in 188 1.

In 1876 John F. Mitchell, the oldest son of William Mitchell, was taken in as a partner and assumed full control of the establishment. At this time the firm began doing business under the name of the Wm. Mitchell Printing Company. In 1890, after the death of his father, John F. Mitchell bought the interest of all other Mitchell heirs, and since that time has been the sole owner of the plant. He took his son, John F. Mitchell, Jr., into the management of the business in 1907. It was the wish of William Mitchell that the business he had founded should remain as a living monument to him. This wish has been respected, and all business is still transacted in the name of Wm. Mitchell Printing Company.

The growth of business made more floor space necessary, and in 1901 an addition was constructed on the south, much larger than the original plant.

The printery has lived through many phases of history. During the Civil War the United States government seized the plant under the right of eminent domain to print the names of men in Indiana subject to draft. The columns of the Democrat of that time are filled, too, with interesting speeches and tracts. Later, James Whitcomb Riley, the Hoosier poet, found things of interest in the shop, and here some of his earliest poems were printed. The old Washington hand press which was brought overland in the -fifties has long been replaced by the most modern machinery. The Wm. Mitchell Printing Company operates one of the largest printing establishments and book manufacturing plants in the state. They draw their business from coast to coast, manufacturing books for some of the largest business houses in the country. They have their own gas well and generate electric power for their entire plant by two large gas engines. They have, aside from their own power plant, their own electric light, gas and waterworks. The plant is novel from its mechanical standpoint. It contains the best of American and European machinery for printing and binding books. The book presses are equipped with automatic feeders, and feeders are also installed on their folding machines. Their battery of linotype and type-casting machines is complete in every respect! All old-type machines were thrown out and new machines installed at the first of the present year. The bindery is one of the most complete institutions in the West for binding books in large editions. Books of all kinds are made, from the full leather de luxe hand-tooled book to the smallest leaflet.

The D. H. Goble Printing Company

In January, 188 1, Aaron Pope, superintendent of the Hancock county schools, and Capt. Lee O. Harris, a teacher in the schools and one of Indiana's best-known writers, established the Home and School Visitor, designed for use in the schools of Hancock county as supplemental reading. A few months ' after the appearance of this publication, Prof. Pope died and his interests were purchased by the late David H. Goble. Later, Mr. Harris retired from the partnership, and Mr. Goble assumed complete control. Mr. Harris, however, retained his editorial connection with the paper to the time of his death. December 23, 1909.

In 1903, the publishing business, which had been carried on under the name of Mr. Goble, was incorporated under the name of The D. H. Goble Printing Company, Mr. Goble occupying the office of president to the time of his death, September 30, 1905. This corporation is purely a family affair, the stock being- owned by the children of the founder, namely, Mrs. Millie Trees, Mrs. John Irwin, James N. Goble and Isaac A. Goble, of Greenfield, Indiana, and Mrs. Luther Poland, of Indianapolis. Its present officers are Isaac A. Goble, president; Millie A. Trees, vice-president; James N. Goble. secretary-treasurer.

Back in the early eighties, the sons of Mr. Goble took an active interest in the printing business. The little paper, a small four-page affair, was lifted from the local field and carried to every quarter of the state and its dimensions have grown to that of an up-to-date magazine, which is used in the district schools of Indiana.

In the early days of this concern, the publishers began, in a small way, making legal blanks for township trustees. By persistent work, and by making of their goods a little better than the ordinary, their trade has been extended until they are now possibly the largest manufacturers in the state of records for townships and schools, and theirs is a standard of quality.

Spencer Publishing Company

The Daily Reporter was established April 27, 1908, by Newton R. Spencer, ably assisted by Mrs. Spencer. The office was in the east room of the Ramsey building, on the south side of East Main street, just west of the alley leading south to Meek street. The basement of the building was used for a press room, and the ground floor for a composing room and office. The composition was hand set, the force including three compositors. An old-style oscillating Campbell press, purchased from Dale J. Crittenberger, of Anderson, subsequently auditor of state, was installed. This press was out of the office of the Anderson Democrat. It was a curio to the employees of the Reporter office, but it gave a very neat print. The entire equipment of the Reporter office, when established, did not cost to exceed one thousand dollars. The advance circulation was only three hundred. The Reporter was a six-column folio. It contained very few advertisements, for the reason that the business men of Greenfield did not feel friendly towards its establishment. They pointed out that two daily papers, the Star and Tribune, and four weeklies, the Democrat, Republican, Herald and Globe, were being published in the city, and that only one or two of them indicated any degree of success. The founder of the Reporter, however, eager to break into the game in Greenfield, was not discouraged by any of these obstacles. He endured privations and practiced the most rigid economy, living largely upon unjustified hope of success for months before he had sufficient money to pay the current expenses of the paper. During these many months he saw the small reserve bank account gradually grow smaller, and he even wondered if it would hold out until the enterprise was self-supporting. Within ten months from the time of establishing the Reporter, the management purchased the subscription list of the Evening Star from the Greenfield Printing and Publishing Company, and merged it into the Reporter. The publication of the Greenfield Herald and Greenfield Globe was suspended at the same time, and the printing plant in which they had been printed was removed to Cumberland, Indiana. On February 21, 19 10, Newton R. Spencer, having previously purchased the Evening Tribune and Weekly Republican of Walter S. Montgomery, took charge of the papers and the plant, merged the Tribune with the Reporter, and has since that time published the Daily Reporter and the Weekly Republican. For one year they were published on North East street in the Dudding and Moore block. On March 24, 191 1, a fire damaged the machinery and composing room of the printing plant, and its location was changed to the Acme building, at the corner of South Pennsylvania and Railroad streets, where a new Mergenthaler linotype was installed on May 1, 191 1. In the fall of 1913, a lot was purchased on East Main street and the erection of the present modern newspaper building was begun. It was completed in 19 14, and was occupied on July 1 of that year. The new building is substantially built and conveniently arranged for the newspaper business. It has been very favorably commented upon by newspaper men from different parts of the state. Mrs. Spencer has been connected constantly with the office since the establishment of the Reporter, as has also the son, Dale, who began as a newsboy and has worked in all of the mechanical departments, including the linotype. Marshall Winslow, the city editor, has been with the papers for many years. He was connected with the Tribune and Republican when those papers were sold by W. S. Montgomery, and he is familiar with every phase of the business. The Spencer Publishing Company was incorporated in 1913.

Department Stores - J. W. Cooper & Company, A. H. Rottman, Star Store (Simon Koin, proprietor), Charles Williams & Company and J. Ward Walker Company.

Newton R. Spencer Home Of Greenfield Republican And Evening Reporter

Insurance, Loans and Real Estate - Paul Binford. A. C. Van Duyn. Charles Barr, D. B. Cooper & Son, Lester T. Ellis, W. I. Garriott, E. E. Gant, William A. Hughes, V. L. Patton, A. N. Steel, Wood Brothers and Ora Myers.

Wood and Coal - A. P. Conklin Lumber Company, Greenfield Ice and Fuel Company, Greenfield Lumber and Ice Company, Gray Brothers, Greenfield Milling Company and New Milling Company.

Tax-Payers Street Fair

In the spring of 1899 the business men of Greenfield considered the advisability of holding a street fair during the summer. They held a meeting on March 10 and selected the following officers : John Eagan. president; Harry Strickland, secretary ; J. W. Walker, treasurer, and Col. E. P. Thayer, superintendent. An executive committee was later appointed, composed of H. G. Strickland, William C. Dudding, C. E. Kinder and John Barr. Arrangements were made and during the summer a street fair was conducted, during which, booths were erected and displays made of the different business lines and the industries of Greenfield and vicinity. People from all parts of the county attended and, in addition to the enlightenment offered by the industrial and business displays, they were entertained by the usual number and variety of side-shows, merry-go-rounds, etc.

Fire Department Horse Show

For several years horse shows were given at Greenfield under the auspices of the Greenfield fire department. The first was given in 1909. They were then repeated every year, including 1914. A feature of the event in 191 1 was an industrial parade. The parade consisted of automobiles, wagons and carriage floats, horsemen and footmen. The floats exhibited different lines of business and the industries of Greenfield and community. The parade was led by the Greenfield band and was over one-half mile in length. The city was illuminated and the occasion was enlivened with a display of fireworks, etc. At each horse show the streets were filled with stalls, tents, merry-go-rounds, "ocean waves," Ferris wheels and side shows. Sack races, pie-eating contests, etc., were also held for the entertainment of the public.

Through the efforts of the ladies' clubs of the city, a Chautauqua was promoted in 1905, under the management of Rev. Harry Hill, of Indianapolis. The Chautauqua was held on the grounds at the West school building and was repeated in 1906. The programs included the best of music, oratory and dramatic art. Financially, however, the ventures were not very successful and the movement was abandoned after the second year.

During the winter of 1912-13, representatives of the Co-operative Chautauqua Association of Bloomington, Illinois, including J. L. Loehr, canvassed the city and vicinity for subscriptions for the purpose of promoting another Chautauqua. The effort was successful and during the past three years,

1913, 1914 and 191 5, Chautauquas have been held at the old fair grounds north of the city. The best talent available has been on the platform, including the famous Innes band, of New York City, and Booker T. Washington, in

The board of directors of the Chautauqua have also considered other matters relating to the welfare of Greenfield. On several occasions, the value of a gymnasium has been discussed, and plans for raising funds for the construction of such a building have been considered.

Troop One, Boy Scouts

Troop One. Boy Scouts of America, at Greenfield, was organized in the spring of 191 1 by Rev. J. B. Williamson, and was the outcome of a boys' organization in the Presbyterian church. Under the instruction of Reverend

Williamson, as the first scout master, the boys took several small camping trips and great enthusiasm was aroused. In 1913 Prof F. W. Bryant became scout master and through his efforts the organization flourished. Following Professor Bryant, Rev. C. H. Smith took the work and he, in turn, was followed by Rev. S. L. Cates. The organization has not only proven beneficial to the boys themselves, but also to the community as a whole. At the Chautauquas and other large gatherings, the boys have rendered valuable assistance to the management. The present scouts and subjects they major in are as follows : Almond Duncan, wireless ; Paul Goble, wireless ; Herman Johnson, woodcraft; James T. Larimore, first aid to the injured; Dale Spencer, first aid to the injured; Robert Mason, first aid; Dale Morton, woodcraft; Charles Page, woodcraft; William Duncan, woodcraft; Oakes Lineback, campcraft; Corr Service, scoutcraft; Kenneth Mason, campcraft.

Mail Delivery

Ten rural free delivery routes have been established from the postoffice at Greenfield. The first four routes were established on October I, 1900. Two routes were established on August 1, 1901, and the remaining four on September 1, 1905.

The Old Gooding Tavern

The most interesting of the historical structures which now stand along the old National road is the Gooding tavern, which stands on the southwest corner of State and Main streets in this city. The quaintness of its architecture seems to breathe a spirit of pioneer days and recalls to the minds of the older men of our city many interesting traditions. In 1844, Henry Clay, nominee for the presidency for the third time, was traveling from Dayton to Indianapolis and remained at the Gooding inn for dinner. In 1843, Hon. R. M. Johnson, former vice-president of the United States, stopped for a day at the famous tavern. Another man, whose associations make the building of historical significance, was Hon. George W. Julian/candidate for the vicepresidency in 1852, and a member of Congress from this district for a number of years. Mr. Julian when not in Washington lived at the Gooding tavern.

Joseph Chapman was the builder of the tavern, the north half of the building being completed in 1832 by him. Later the building was sold to James B. Hart, who kept the tavern for a time. He was a brother of the late Andrew T. Hart and the father of John E. Hart, of this city. Mr. Hart sold the tavern, together with some adjoining lots, to Asa Gooding, the father of the late Hon. David S., Lemuel and Miss Elvira Gooding. The father owned property in Shelby county, but, inspired by the advantages offered by the building on the National road, was anxious to buy land along this highway. He rode horseback from Richmond to Terre Haute and decided that Greenfield was the best point between the two cities. The old building, owned then by James B. Hart, was the finest house on the National road between Dayton and Terre Haute. Mr. Gooding constructed the southern part of the building. For a number of years he kept the tavern and a little store, but, on account of ill health, he leased the tavern at two different times during his life. The first lessee was Louis Beeks, who operated the inn for three years. Later, William P. Rush, ex-sheriff of Hancock county, took charge of it. During this time Mr. Gooding moved his family into a house on South street, where he died in December, 1842.

For several years the widow of Asa Gooding successfully operated the tavern. After a time she rented the building to Taylor & Ellsworth, but at the end of a year Mrs. Gooding returned and remained in charge of the tavern until 1855. At that time Dr. N. P. Howard rented the inn for three years. After that time the building was never used as a tavern. Mrs. Gooding rented out the various rooms to individuals. George L. Knox, a well-known barber in this city, occupied the corner room for fifteen years.

The Old Masonic Hall

The old Masonic hall, as it is familiarly known to Greenfield people, was built by Hancock Lodge No. 101, Free and Accepted Masons. The corner stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies by Deputy Grand Master Elijah Newlin on August 14, 1854. The Masons occupied this building until the completion of the new temple on the corner of Main and State streets. The third floor was devoted to the order, but the second floor was used for many purposes. The Presbyterians used this part of the building as a church until 1867, when they moved into their new home, on South Pennsylvania street. The second floor was also used as a school and many men of this city went to school in the old hall. Perhaps the most famous of the pupils who were instructed here was the well-known Hoosier poet, James Whitcomb Riley, The earliest teacher that we were able to find was Daniel Monfort, who conducted a private school before the war. After him came a man by the name of Hall. Associated with these gentlemen was J. M. Stephenson. In 1863 the Rev. M. H. Shockley was in charge. When the war was over, Capt. Lee O. Harris, who lived in this city until his death in 1909, was elected super- intendent and he successfully conducted the school for several years. Captain Harris was also associated with Mr. Shockley and Mr. Foley as teachers during the war. Later, the school was moved to the new school building in the west part of the city and the old room in the Masonic hall was turned into a theatre. The hall was used for this purpose until 1897.

The building now looks as it always did, with the exception of a few modern advertisements on its walls. The third floor at the time of the completion of the new Masonic Temple was rented to the Red Men, who remained there until March, 1899. The second floor has recently been used by the Eagles, who now own the building, and it is said to be one of the most attractive rooms of the order in the state. During the history of the building a number of men have rented the first floor for business rooms. Among the earlier were Freeman H. Crawford, druggist; J. J. Hauck, grocer; John Crush, meat market; Henry Chapman, tinner; S. W. Barrett, stoves and tinware and Hart Brothers, stoves and tinware. The first floor is now occupied by M. T. Willett, grocer, and Floyd Spangler, plumber.

Music, Bands, Orchestras, Etc

Among the early music teachers in the county were Miss Lucinda Morley, Miss Emma Millikin, Fannie Martin and Narcie V. Lockwood. They were all piano teachers. The first two probably taught at Greenfield as early as 1850. Miss Morley probably brought to town a piano of her own, since there were then very few such instruments in the homes of the people at that time. Among the first families to own such an instrument in the county were John Myers, Thomas D. Walpole, Dr. N. P. Howard and Samuel Longnaker. Miss Martin and Miss Lockwood had charge of the musical department in the old Greenfield Academy during the latter fifties and early sixties.

About the same time, during the latter fifties, Prof. L. W. Eastman also came to Greenfield as an instructor of bands and orchestras. The first bands organized in the county were the Men's Saxhorn Band and the Ladies' Saxhorn Band, at Greenfield. These bands were both under the direction of Professor Eastman. The first saxhorn band was organized by Thomas Offutt and William E. Hart, about 1857. This is the band referred to by Riley as the "old band." It was composed of the following members: L. W. Eastman, E-flat cornet; William Lindsey, tuba; Nathan Snow, second tenor; S. War Bennett, first tenor; Nathaniel C. Meek, first alto; William E. Hart, B-flat cornet; Thomas Richardson, second alto; Thomas Offutt, B bass ; William E. Ogg, third tenor ; John A. Riley, bass drum.

ber of the band, but it is known that he played with them soon after their organization. Other members were taken into the band, and at the outbreak of the Civil War it enlisted as the regimental band of the Eighteenth Regiment of Indiana Volunteers. The report of Adjutant-General Terrell shows that at the time of enlistment the band was composed of Omer Arnold, Samuel W. Barnett, F. M. Crawford, James E. Cravens, James H. Crowder, William Elliott, Albert C. Griffith, William E. Hart, John W. Lambertson, Edwin M. McCrarey, Samuel M. Martin, John H. Noble, William L. Ogg, Martin E. Pierson, Thomas E. Richardson, James T. Reed, Henry T. Snow, Nathan Snow, James F. Stewart, Alfred M. Thornburgh and David Youst. Professor Eastman was still the leader of the band. The boys were honorably discharged in the fall of 1862, and on their return home were given a hearty welcome at the Dunbar corner by the citizens of Greenfield. The Dunbar corner was the the northeast corner of Main and State streets, where Johnson's drug store now stands.

In 1859 a ladies' saxhorn band was also organized, composed of the following ladies, as nearly as can be remembered at this time : Laura Guymon, Ella Mathers, Nellie Millikin, Luna Meek, Fannie Martin, Flora Howard and Alice Thomas. This band seems to have played but a few years. It took part in concerts that were given at Greenfield, of which we have at least a few programs preserved. It is interesting to observe on these programs the prominence held by small musical instruments. Few piano solos were included. Vocal classeSj however, took part, and flutes, guitars and brass instruments were used chiefly. Following is an illustrative program that was given at the Masonic hall in Greenfield on Friday evening, July 4, 1861:

"Hail Columbia," Saxhorn Band; "National Anthem Song," Octille; "German Waltz," flutes and guitars; "Thoughts of Childhood," quartette, Mrs. Sallie Gebhart, Miss Julia Mathers, Mrs. G. N. Glass and Mr. Eastman ; "Alice Waltz," Ladies' Saxhorn Band; "Autumn Winds," Miss Alice Thomas and Mr. Eastman's Vocal Class; "Flotilla Schottish," flutes and guitars; "Yankee Doodle," Ladies' Saxhorn Band.

"O're Prairie," vocal class; "Lizzie Polka," flutes and guitars; "Oh, the Merry Days," quartette, Miss Alda Guymon, Miss Alice Pierson, Mr. J. V. Stevenson and Mr. Eastman ; "Sober Quaker," Miss F. Martin and Mr. East-

"Oriental Quickstep," Saxhorn Band; "The Distant Dream," quintette, Miss Ella Mathers, Miss Sallie Gebhart, Miss Alice Pierson, Mrs. J. V. Stevenson and Mr. Eastman; "Hattie's Quickstep," flutes and guitars; "Midnight Moon," Miss Luna Meek and Miss Alice Pierson; "Midnight Watches," quartette, Miss Mollie Loehr, Miss Julia Mathers, Mr. J. V. Stevenson and Mr. Eastman; "Luna Waltz," flute trio; "What Fairy-like Music," Miss Fannie Martin and Miss Flora Howard; "O, Tis Sweet to be Remembered," quartette, Miss Lizzie Longnecker, Miss Alda Guymon, Mr. S. W. Barnett and Mr. Eastman ; "Eulalia Lee," song, Miss Flora Howard ; "Fisher's Hornpipe," medley, flutes and guitars. Admittance fee, fifteen cents ; children, ten cents.

After the return of the Saxhorn Band from military service a number of its members re-enlisted as volunteers. A band was maintained, however, at Greenfield, and for several years its name appears in the local papers as the Greenfield Cornet Band.

The Adelphians

In 1868, during the political campaign, a band was organized of the older players, including also a number of younger musicians, which styled itself the Adelphians.. This band was composed of the following members, as nearly as they can be determined at this time: James Cox, driver; William Davis, Ed Millikin, War Barnett, Thomas Carr, Charles Warner, Jesse Millikin, Isaac Davis, John Davis, John Guymon, Fred Hafner, Emsley Wilson, Hiram Riley and John Riley.

The band had a good equipment of uniforms, band wagon, etc. The band wagon was made by Joe Cartwright in a shop that stood at the northwest corner of Noble and Main streets, where Doctor Larimore's residence now stands.

In addition to the players named above, James Whitcomb Riley, Clint Hamilton and Fred Beecher occasionally played. Riley and our present mayor, Quin. Johnson, had the snare drum for a time. Charles Warner, an old German shoemaker, at first carried the bass drum, after which it was taken by Quin Johnson. After a season with the bass drum, the mayor took the snare drum and played it for a number of years in the bands that followed.

In 1 87 1 a number of the younger boys organized a band known as the Citizens' Band. At first they styled themselves the Juniors, but later a constitution and by-laws were adopted and placed on record in the office of the county recorder of Hancock county, on October 20, 187 1. The members of the new organization, as shown by the record, were J. R. P. Johnson, James H. Danner, Hiram Kern, Peter Johnson, W. E. Willett, J. B. Rains, J. Q. Johnson, E. B. Shumway, J. M. Chappius, B. F. Barr and H. G. Amick. This band was the first to purchase a set of upright instruments. The older bands had all used the "over shoulder" horns.

The boys played for awhile under the direction of Dewitt Sivey, Isaac Davis and probably others. After two or three years, the Citizens' Band and the Adelphians were merged and were known as the Adelphians. This was probably about 1874. The band then played for several years and gradually became known as

The Davis Band

During the early eighties it was composed of the following members: Isaac R. Davis, Thomas Carr, John Davis, Charles Davis, Abijah Davis, Penn Bidgood, Geatano Ponti, Quin Johnson and Frank Barr.

Isaac R. Davis, the leader of this band, was an accomplished musician. He was not only the leader of the Greenfield Band for a number of years, but was a band teacher, and instructed a number of the best bands in central Indiana. His home band, as well as the New Palestine Band, which he taught, and others, played during several seasons of the Indiana state fair at Indianapolis. One need but refer to the histories of the bands in the county to appreciate his influence in the development of musical talent among the young men during the seventies and eighties.

The Davis band remained in existence until 1889, when the remnants of this band and the "Citizens' " or "Sivey's" band consolidated. Among the later additions to the Davis Band were William R. White, William Carr. George Mitchell, William Offutt, Frank Hammer and probably others.

Democrat Band

In 1884, a "Democrat Band" was organized, largely through the efforts of William M. Lewis. It was organized for campaign purposes and included the following members: William M. Lewis, Asa New, William Wright, George Mitchell, John Johnson, James W. Wilson, William Stewart, Joe Darymple, Walter Scott, Dewitt Sivey and Jeff. Cox. The band played through the campaign of 1884, though a reorganization was probably effected before the campaign closed. Either gradually, or after reorganization, the band became known as the

Dewitt Sivey was the leader and organizer of the band, and at different times it was known as "Sivey's Band/' "Sivey's National Band" and as the "Citizens' Band." Among the members who played in the band at different times were : Dewitt Sivey, Ed Sivey, J. W. Wilson, Will Carr, William Wright, Emory Scott, Jeff Cox, Elsworth Goble, William Stewart, Ed Tague, William Tully, Clint Sivey, Thomas Carr, Owen Shumway, Frank Hammer, Charles Nigh, "Stover" Nigh, William Gordon, Homer Carr and probably others. On August 19, 1884, James W. Wilson presented to the band a banner, made of blue silk and bound with heavy gold fringe. Gold tassels were artistically arranged at the corners. On the front of the banner was inscribed in beautiful gold letters (the work of Will H. Carr) the words, "The Greenfield Cornet Band." On the other side was a collection of musical instruments in gold leaf. To the banner was pinned a gold maltese cross with the following inscription : "Presented to the Citizens' Band by J. W. Wilson, August 19, 1884." The banner was presented by Mr. Wilson in a very neat little address and was accepted on behalf of the band by William Wright. This banner was carried by the band for a number of years. The "Citizens" or "Sivey" band wore neat uniforms with belts, and cartridge boxes in which to carry their music.

The Dobbins Band

In the meantime, about the middle of the eighties, a third band was organized, known as the Dobbins Band. Among its members were Charles Williams, Emanuel and John Dobbins, Jeff Cox, William Shumway, Ed Jackson, Ed Tague, John Hafner, William Tully, Charles Nigh, and probably others. This band played less than a year, but during its existence there were three bands in Greenfield; the Davis Band, the Sivey Band, and the Dobbins Band. After the Dobbins Band quit playing, the Davis Band and the Sivey Band remained as separate organizations until 1889, when their remaining members consolidated. During the existence of both bands there was a great deal of rivalry, not always friendlv.

After consolidating, the band played until 1894, when, the Red Men's lodge having been organized, and nearly all the boys having joined the lodge, the band was reorganized as the

William R. White became the leader of the new band at this time. Among its members were William Carr, Emory Scott, William Stewart, Alvin Johnson, Charles Millicent, William Jones, William Gordon, Omer Gordon, William Offutt, John Felt, J. Ward Fletcher, and probably others. The band was known as the Red Men's Band until about 1897, when another reorganization was effected under the name of the

Greenfield Military Band

The band has been known by that name to the present. William R. White has been its recognized leader since about 1894, and is the leader at this time. Among the members who have played in it at various times are : William R. White, Aubrey M. Thomas, William Niles, Von Glascock, Albert Frost, Elmer Gorman, Noble Curry, Homer Carr, William Gordon, Will Lamberson, William Jones, William Carr, William White, Charles Davis, Carl Brand, Dora Jeffries, Jesse Warrum, Malcolm Hancock, John Davis, Arthur Rafferty, Fritz Bidgood, J. Ward Fletcher, Frank Craft, Merle Glascock, Fred Niles, Charles Gilson, Marvin Fletcher, Samuel Moore, Samuel Trueblood, Noble Howard, Earle Frost, Charles Wisehart, Charles Rucker. Jesse Rucker, Henry Rucker, Virgil Wheeler, Thomas Moxley, Albert Barnard, James Barnard, Joe Reedle, George J. Richman, Emory Scott, Berry Willis Cooper, Berlin Dieter, and no doubt others.

Of the above, Carl Brand, a grandson of Isaac R. Davis, has achieved distinction as a clarionet player. For the past year or two he has been the leader of the Indiana University Band, which in the meantime has been selected as the regimental band for the Second Regiment, Indiana National Guard

In addition to the above named bands, Professor Mack, the supervisor of music in the Greenfield schools, organized a band about 1895-6, which, however, played only a few months. He also organized a cadet band among the high school boys, which played for awhile, about 1897.

The Davis boys also had an orchestra at different times during the seventies and eighties. About 1903, W'ilfiam R. White organized an orches-

1 ra composed of the following members : William R. White, Samuel J. Offutt, John A. Rhue, Albert Frost, William L. Niles, Von Glascock, William Carr, Fritz Bidgood, Bynum Jackson, George and Oscar Suess, Hugh Johnsond and J. Ward Fletcher. The organization was kept intact for five or six years, and from 1903-07 played for practically all the common and high school commencements in the county.

Literary Societies, Clubs, Etc

The first literary society that was organized in Greenfield, of which our oldest residents have any recollection, was a society of young men known as the "Dark Lyceum." This society was organized in the very early history of the town, when Andrew T. Hart was a young man. It is known that the society gave entertainments, including songs, readings, elocution, etc., but whether they were public or private is not remembered.

The next society, of which 'we do have a record, was known as the "Thespian Society." From the announcement of their first exhibition the following lines are taken : "The society announce that their first grand exhibition will take place on Friday evening, April 1, 1859, at Thespian Hall (Odd Fellows' Hall). The object of the society is to improve themselves in elocution and produce such pieces as will instruct as well as amuse the people, and they sincerely hope their humble endeavors may be crowned with success."

A second entertainment was announced to be given on Friday evening, April 15, 1859, under the same management. The following statement of the success of the first entertainment is given on the announcement of the second exhibition : "The unbounded enthusiasm with which the first exhibition of the Thespian Society was received by the fashion, the elite and the respectability of Greenfield has induced the management to announce a second exhibition, to take place on Friday evening, April 15, 1859, at Thespian Hall."

"The Limerick Boy" and "The Golden Farmer." The first was presented by Bryan C. Walpole, F. M. Crawford, S. M. Martin, William E. Hart, S. W. Barnett, Miss Smith and Miss Brace; the second, by J. M. McKinnie, Bryan C. Walpole^. M. Crawford, S. M. Martin, T. H. Offutt, M. V. McConaha, W. E. Hart, E. S. Duncan, E. B. Atherton, Miss Holland, Miss Brace and Miss Rounder. Doors opened at seven o'clock; exhibition commenced at seven-thirty. Admission, fifteen cents.

During the Civil War several societies were organized and gave entertainments, as may be observed both in the Literary chapter and the chapter on Education.

About 1870 a dramatic club was organized and named "The Adelphi." The members were known as "The Adelphians." This organization was kept up for several years, and gave plays at the old Masonic hall. The members were James Whitcomb Riley, Lee O. Harris, George A. Carr, S. War Barnett, A. Ford, E. P. Millikin, Jesse Millikin, George B. Cooley, O. N. Ridgeway, John J. Skinner, H. McGruder, A. C. Hamilton, Mrs. Nellie Cooley, Misses Angie Parker, Mary Dille, Kate Geary, and probably others whose names cannot be recalled. The club was a prominent feature in the literary life of the town. The plays produced were of high dramatic rank, and the company endeavored to present them with all possible excellence. Many of the members showed marked dramatic ability. Here the poet Riley got his first experience in histrionics, in which he excelled. Not only did he show talent in that line, but all the stage scenery used in the plays was designed and painted by him. The citizens showed great interest and appreciation, and the Adelphians always played to crowded houses. Many of the members were also connected with the Adelphian Band.

In 1875 a "Reading Room Society" was organized, which gave a series of entertainments. It was this society which promoted the Knightstown- Greenfield spelling match, that has been discussed elsewhere.

On January 10, 1879, the Greenfield Reading Club was organized, with twenty-four charter members. Its first officers were Miss Belle Reed, president; W. Frank Hays, vice-president; W. P. Bidgood, secretary; membership was limited to twenty-four.

In the same year the social influence of the saloon was offset by the temperance workers by the establishment of reading rooms. "The Blue Ribbon Reading Room Association" was organized at Greenfield on April 2, 1879, with the following officers: Nelson Bradley, president; F. E. Glidden, first vice-president; Mrs. Inez Lyon, second vice-president; G. T. Randall, treasurer; H. B. Thayer, recording secretary; Dr. L. A. Vawter, corresponding secretary. This society opened a reading room at the Guymon house, on the northwest corner of Mount and Main streets, that should be attractive and that should offer pleasant associations for the young men of the town.

Beginning with the eighties, more definite and more systematic work was undertaken, which replaced in a large measure the activity of the literary and reading room societies of the previous two decades. The first woman's club organized in the county was the

Chautauqua Literary And Scientific Club

This club was organized in 1880 with the following charter members : Mesdames Dr. N. P. Howard, Charles Downing, Mary Swope, Edwin Howard, Lemuel Gooding, Samuel Martin, D. B. Cooper, Ephraim Marsh, Elbert Tyner, Malissa Cooper, Jerome Black, George Cooper and M. H. Gant, Misses Elvira Gooding, Lena Banks, Viola Banks, Etta Holstock and Ada Anderson.

It took up the Chautauqua course of reading, which extended over a period of four years and from which the members graduated upon satisfactory completion of the four-year course of reading. The Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Club was maintained for ten years or more. Following this a number of clubs were organized, the first of which was

The Ionian Club

The Ionian Club, so named in honor of its founder, Mrs. lone Brown Black, had its beginning on December 17, 1888. Who the charter members were is not of as much importance as the purpose they had in mind. The club's motto, "We taste an intellectual pleasure twice, and with double the result when we taste it with a friend," covers the sole reason for its inception and its continuance.

In the beginning there was no organization and no definite plan of work other than the reading of new books. The first book studied was "Robert Elsemere." The small group of women gave one afternoon of each week to an informal discussion of some book which all were reading, and since freedom of speech was encouraged, much collateral information was forthcoming. When the private libraries of club members became inadequate, they ferquently took the long carriage drive to Indianapolis to consult the city library.

Interesting- discussions of one of Dumas' stories turned the club's attention to things foreign, and for four years its members enjoyed a most profitable study of French history and literature. No other one subject received a like amount of attention.

Many of the club's charter members were young mothers and for several years its meetings were held on the outskirts of an inner circle of small children. Some of these children, mothers now in their turn, are among I he present active members.

With the enlarging of its membership the club was organized under the name of the Woman's Club. The history of country after country was studied. Sometimes an entire year was devoted to an author, as Tennyson; and two were given to a study of Browning. In 19 13 they took the work of the Chautauqua Reading Circle and are in the third year of their four-year course at this time (19 15)'.

The Hesperian Club

The Hesperian Club was organized, October 17, 1889, at the home of Mrs. N. P. Howard, Sr. The new society gave some time to the consideration of a name that might be worthy of the company of ladies. The name of "Hesperian" (western star) was finally proposed by Mary Vawter and adopted. The club was organized with twenty charter members, five of whom are now living: Mrs. Elbert Tyner, Mrs. W. H. Scott, of Yakima, Washington, Mrs. Permelia Thayer, Mrs. Clara Strickland and Mrs. Angie Howard.

The Hesperian Club was the third literary club organized in the city. Its purpose was the social and intellectual advancement of its members. During the first seven years of its existence it lived a Bohemian life mentally. The members listened to Rienza as he addressed the Romans ; followed by Victor Hugo, Sir Walter Scott and other eminent authors through interesting scenes and incidents in Egypt, Scotland, Ireland and other foreign countries. Finally they landed on the good American shore the year previous to the World's Fair at Chicago, that they might more fully understand and appreciate the beautiful White City. Since then they have gone abroad again and traveled with Stoddard over many foreign points of interest. Later, the Bay View Reading Course kindly guided them to places and themes of interest, profit and pleasure.

Many beautiful and impressive events have been .given by the club. Among them was a Bohemian tea, observance of tenth anniversary on November 11, 1899, in the parlors of the Columbia Hotel, with all literary clubs as guests; Greenfield day, with Mrs. John Mitchell, in which all of the city's

The club now has twenty-five active members, with a list of associate, corresponding and honorary members. The subject for the current year is India.

Since the organization of the club it has had to mourn the loss of a number of its members, among whom are Estella M. Dalmbert, 1892; Cinderella J. Howard, 1895; Mary Vawter, 1895; Anna Offutt, 1899; Matilda M. Hough, 1900; Clara Vawter, 1900; Zelia Cole, 1902; Anna A. Nethercut, 1907; Mattie Sisson, 1909; Emma Vawter, 191 1; Martha Stockinger, 191 1; Rebecca Black, 191 1; Malissa Cooper, 1913; Marietta Reed, 1915; Etta Barrett, 1915, and Mary M. Gooding, 1916.

The Hesperian Club annually observes Christmas, the members enjoying a dinner and the old-fashioned Christmas tree, and exchange of gifts, thus binding closer all of its members into one great loving family.

Daughters Of The Revolution

A chapter of this society was organized at Greenfield by Miss Tarquinia Voss, state regent, on June 11, 1904. The first meeting of the ladies was held at Cuyler's studio. Mrs. Madge Cuyler was elected regent, and Mrs. Bess Hinchman, secretary and treasurer. The society continued to meet at the homes of the different members, but principally at the Cuyler studio, on account of its central location, until 1908. Since that time only occasional meetings have been held.

The purpose of the Society is "to perpetuate the patriotic spirit of the men and women who achieved American independence; to commemorate prominent events connected with the War of the Revolution; to collect, publish, and preserve the roll, records, and historic documents relating to that period ; to encourage the study of the country's history ; to promote sentiments of friendship and common interest among the members of the society, and to -provide a home for and furnish assistance to such Daughters of the Revolution as may be impoverished, when in its power to do so."

The membership of the society is limited to lineal descendents of an ancestor, ( 1 ) who was a singer of the Declaration of Independence, member of Continental Congress, member of Congress, Legislator, or General Court of any colony or state, or (2) rendered civil, military or naval service under authority of any of the thirteen colonies, or of the Continental Congress, (3) by service rendered during the War of the Revolution became liable to the penalty of treason against the government of Great Britain, provided, such ancestors always remained loyal to the cause of American independence.

Following are the members that have belonged to the Greenfield Chapter: Permelia Thayer, Mae Selman, Frances P. Snow, Vessie Pierson, Mary Montgomery, Mary Reed, Madge Cuyler, India Selman, Katherine Dann, Alma Pierson, Nellie Hughes, Clara Heizer, Lizzie Early, Bess Hinchman, Margaret Smith and Ida Barrett.

Kappa Kappa Kappa

Upsilon Chapter, at Greenfield, was installed on March 31, 1906, with the following charter members : Marie Pilkenton Hughes, Roxana Thayer Eldridge, Mary Montgomery McKay, Ruby McNamee, Mary Sample, Stella Thompson Brooks, Bertha Justice Bragg, Caroline Kinsley Hoard and Bess Kinsley.

Since the installation of the local chapter the number of members has been about fifty. The local chapter has confined its work to general work among the needy of Greenfield. The money to carry on this work is obtained in different ways by entertainments, etc. A Christmas tree for the unfortunate of the city is made possible by a contribution of one dollar from each member, this having been used in previous years for a similar party for the sorority themselves.

The Ladies' Home Reading Club was organized in 1894, at the home of Mrs. C. M. Curry, with the following charter members : Lillie Walker, Jennie Peters, Vanie Gates, Ora Carr, Katie Felt, Mrs. John M. Moxley, Mrs. Frank Morgan, Ella Moore, Frankie Smith, Luella Ramsey, Florence Curry, Ellen Gibbs, Nan Dudding, Rosie Rhue, Date New, Alice Hendricks, Alice Rufner, Julia Gooding, M. A. Bottsford and Gratiot McCune Curry. Only two of the above charter members now remain in the club, Mrs. Marshall T. Smith and Mrs. Charles E. Hendricks.

The first officers elected were, Mrs. Luella Ramsey, president ; Mrs. Nan Dudding, vice-president; Mrs. Jennie Peters, secretary, and Mrs. Ellen Gibbs, treasurer. The club at the time of its organization decided to study the Bible and to meet on every Thursday afternoon for the purpose of discussing certain chapters thereof.

In 1895 some of the members desired to follow other lines of work and they withdrew from this club and organized the Gradatim Club. The members remaining in the Home Reading Club continued the study of the Bible and in 1903 finished the Old Testament. Since that time the entire Bible has been studied and portions of it have been reviewed.

The club also gives time to social events, features of which are annual dinners for the families of the members of the club, all of which are, of course, thoroughly enjoyed. The club has had to mourn the deaths of eight of its members : Mrs. Nan Dudding, Lillie Walker, Audrey Binford, Anna Morgan, Florence Curry, Ellen Thomas, Ellen Gibbs and Beulah Getman. It has always given active support to measures of civic reform. It was this club that circulated a petition addressed to the city council asking that an ordinance be passed prohibiting spitting upon sidewalks.

Clio Club

The Clio Club was organized February 21, 1896, with thirteen charter members, Mary Woodard, Jennie Duncan, Mae Duncan, Vashti Binford, Minnie Grist, Mesdames A. C. Pilkenton, M. E. Nethercut, Edward Ruffner, J. W. Cooper, S. G. White, W. B. Bottsford, Charles Downing and Ada New.

In the fall of 1895 a representative from the Progress Magazine, of Chicago, came to Greenfield and secured several members. Meetings were held weekly until in February, 1896, when the ladies had plans formulated for the Clio Club. The men of the Progress Magazine did not continue their meetings and the Clio Club has held regular meetings since. At first the meetings were weekly, but at present they are held every two weeks.

The first two years the work followed the course as outlined by the Progress Magazine; since that time a program committee each year has outlined the work. At present the membership is limited to thirty, with an associate list of members who pay dues, but are not responsible for work done in the club.

After the first few years the programs became more general and the club studied individual authors, music, art, sociology, geography, philosophy and current events. In 1899 the Holmes breakfast was given, to which all members of the federation were invited. The ladies have also given numerous socials for the enjoyment of their families, such as the Colonial tea, the lecture on Oberammergau, etc. Civic matters have received the attention of the club. The poor-house reform movement, which was finally carried to the Legislature, originated with them.

The Vincent Society Of The Hall In The Grove

"The Vincent Society of the Hall in the Grove" was organized on June 2j, 1912, with these officers: President, Mrs. J. H. Binford; vice-president, Mrs. L. B. Griffin; secretary-treasurer, Mrs. J. H. Moulden. The object of the society is to unite all Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle graduates in a permanent organization, which shall have a general oversight of the Chautauqua work in the community, encouraging graduates to continue habits of systematic reading.

It is the purpose of the society to hold at least two meetings each year; one to be of a social nature, at which Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle graduates shall be welcome; the other to be devoted to the consideration of plans for the extension of Chautauqua work in the community. Following are the members with the date of their graduation from the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle; Florence Clark Binford, 1884; Mary M. Gooding, 1884 Elvira Gooding, 1884; Permelia A. Thayer, 1886; Dennie S. Griffin, 1888 Sarah A. Moulden, 1900; M. Irene Stoner, 1900; Florence C. Larimore, 1900 Lucy H. Binford, 1902, and Martha Wilson, 1913. Honorary members, Fannie M. Cleary, 1900, and Theodisia S. Johnson, 191 1.

Cosmopolitan Club

The Cosmopolitan Club was organized in October, 1894, by Mrs. Mary Swope, with a membership of seventeen active members and six honorary members. Its object is the mutual benefit and improvement of its members.

Following were the active charter members : Mary Swope, Jennie Swope, Mrs. V. L. Early, Mrs. Free Crawford, Mrs. J. M. Larimore, Mrs. L. B. Griffin, Mrs. Frank Hammel, Mrs. J. H. Moulden, Mrs. Myra Moore and the Misses Edith Stabler, Clara Vawter, Ruby Martin, Flo Randall, Pearl Randall, Florence Thayer and Maggie Snyder. The honorary members were Mesdames Bruner, E. E. Stoner, Stabler, Hume, J. H. Binford and Miss Laura Moulden.

During the first year of its organization an entirely new feature was introduced into the social life of Greenfield by a series of parlor talks, given before the club and its guests. Among the speakers were the Rev. Dr. Stabler, of the Methodist Episcopal church ; Rev. Souder, of the Presbyterian church ; Hon. William R. Hough, Dr. Mary Bruner, Florence C. Binford, Mary Woodard, and Hannah Pratt Jessup, pastor of the Friends church. A musicale or two were also given. The first nine years were given to the study of the work as outlined by the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle; the next four were spent in a systematic study of the Bible, matriculating with Chicago University, after which, in 1908, the club returned to the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle course, which has been followed to the present time,

During the twenty-one years of the club's existence it has brought to Greenfield several well-known persons to address the people of our city upon timely topics. Among them are, Miss Niblack, on art ; Prof. Elbert Russell, a series on the Life of Christ; Dr. Joshua Stansfield, upon the Bible; Dr. Charles P. Emerson, on "The Message of Modern Medicine;" and Dr. M. H. Lichliter, upon the "Vine and the Oak."

The social spirit has not been neglected. Several functions might be mentioned : A Martha Washington banquet ; an expansion party ; a banquet given to the members of the club by the Barbarians (their husbands) ; a Halloween party, and a playlet, "The Goose Feather Bed." The influence of the club has been given to all public enterprises that have needed help. They gave the first entertainment for the benefit of the public library, which netted a neat sum.

The membership has changed very much in twenty-one years, but the club still has the following charter members : Active, Mrs. J. H. Larimore, Mrs. J. H. Moulden, Mrs. L. B. Griffin, Mrs. Myra Moore; honorary, Mrs. Irene Stoner, Mrs. J. H. Binford and Mrs. Laura Duncan.

The membership now consists of the following active members : Mesdames J. H. Binford, E. S. Hart, S. J. Offutt, L. B. Griffin, J. M. Larimore, N. C. Binford, Laura Duncan, Kuppers, Myra Moore, T. I. Morgan, Irene Stoner, Flossie Pasco, John Early, Martha Wilson, Carrie Barrett, J. F. Reed, J. H. Rogers, Hazel Fink, Charles Cook, Herbert Bruner; associate, Mrs. J. H. Moulden. "He conquers who wills" is still the determination of the club, and "Never be discouraged" is its watchword.

Gradatim Club

The Gradatim Literary League was organized by Miss Vania Gates (now deceased) in 1895, at the home of Mrs. Marshall Smith, who was then living in the old Cooper home on the site of the present Carnegie Library. Mrs. Smith was the first president, Mrs. William H. Moore, vice-president, and Miss Gates, secretary-treasurer. The society was formed for the purpose of studying the history of the various countries. It has continued along that line of study, having taken up the ancient and modern history of England,

France, Germany, Belgium, Africa, South America, Mexico and the United States. The ladies are now reading the histories of Rome, Italy and Greece. During the first year of the club's existence one of the members was selected as instructor and the first of these was Mrs. Mary Swope (now deceased), one of Greenfield's most brilliant literary women.

The club's name originated from the poem "Gradatim," written by J. G. Holland, and the motto has always been, "No Footsteps Backward." The club has always been interested in all the civic movements of the city and county. During the twenty years of the club's life there has been but one death among the active members, that of Mrs. Luella Ramsey, in December, 1906. At the present time there are four charter members, Mrs. J. A. Peters, Mrs. A." K. Ellis, Mrs. A. J. New and Mrs. R. H. Archey. The club is federated with the city, district and state and takes an active part in all federation work.

Franchise League

On the 8th day of June, 19 12, Dr. Amelia Keller, of Indianapolis, came to Greenfield and addressed a company of women at the home of the late Mrs. Mary Boyd, on Woman's Suffrage. After the address a league was formed, with Mrs. Emma Martin, chairman; Mrs. William Service, treasurer; Mrs. H. T. Roberts, secretary. Eight members were enrolled. A number of meetings were held, but not much enthusiasm was manifested.

In 1913 Mrs. J. M. Larimore was made chairman. The membership increased to fifteen. Several books on the suffrage question were read and discussed, delegates were sent to the state convention and interest in suffrage was increased considerably.

Mrs. N. R. Rhue was elected chairman in 1914. Mrs. Ada O. Frost is serving as president for 19 16. Following are the members of the league : Mrs. John H. Binford, Mrs. Nathan Binford, Mrs. Iduna Barrett, Mrs. Ada Frost, Miss Marvel Frost, Mrs. William Hough, Mrs. J. M. Larimore, Mrs. Blanche McNew, Miss Tilla New, Mrs. Oakerson, Mrs. James Reed, Mrs. Rosa Rhue, Mrs. H. T. Roberts, Mrs. Irene Stoner and Miss Nora Henby.

Home Economics Club

On September 20, 19 12, twelve women, who were home makers, as well as housekeepers, banded themselves together in an organization to be known as the Greenfield Domestic Science Club, the purpose of which is to study how to make the home and its occupants better and happier. Eight members were added and the membership limited to twenty. The program for the first year was classified under Food Values, Sanitation and Hygiene. Through the kindness of one of our local dealers the club visited a meat market, where the butcher gave a demonstration of the different cuts of meat, explaining their comparative food value and cost.

In February, 1913, a request came from the State Federation that all domestic science clubs change their names to that of Home Economics, and from that time this club has been known as the Greenfield Home Economics Club.

On March 15, 1912, Mrs. S. M. Ralston was a guest of the club and gave, a very interesting talk to the club and invited guests. Doctor Griffin talked on "How to Take Care of Our Bodies" ; H. E. Barnard, the state food and drug commissioner, on "Food and Drug Adulteration;" Miss Edna Henry, assistant to Dean Emerson, of Indiana Medical School, on "Social Service Work." At different times practical demonstrations of cookery have been given before the club by different members, showing the preparation from start to finish of bread, cake, salads, candies and desserts. There have also been fireless-cooker and chafing-dish demonstrations.

The Home Economics Club is a member of the City Federation and of the Sixth District Federation. It has a membership of twenty; meets every two weeks on Monday afternoon, and is preparing material for a cook book to be published soon.

Federation Of Clubs

The Greenfield Federation of Women's Clubs was organized, May 2, 1899, including the following clubs: Woman's Club, Hesperian, Cosmopolitan, Clio, Home Reading Club and Gradatim Literary League. Later, the Daughters of the Revolution, Tri Kappa Sorority and the Home Economics Club became identified with the organization, giving a total membership of about two hundred.

The first corps of officers was composed of Mrs. Matilda Marsh, president; Mrs. Permelia Thayer, vice-president; Mrs. M. J. Elliott, secretary; Mrs. J. H. Binford, secretary; Mrs. A. J. New, treasurer. Mrs. Walter O. Bragg was chairman of the committee that drafted the constitution and by-laws.

The object of the organization, as set forth in the constitution, is to consider questions pertaining to social, educational and literary matters and the advancement of methods for the best culture and advancement of the city. With this aim in view, the federation has done many things to uplift the community, both morally and physically, and to cultivate a higher standard of living among the people of the city. It has created a sentiment for a cleaner, more sanitary and more beautiful city. It has always stood for the very best and has ever been ready to co-operate in any movement which would develop the moral, social or spiritual conditions.

Once each year the federation provides a social meeting for its members and their friends. For these occasions many of the best speakers and entertainers before the public have been brought to the city. Among them have been Doctor Quayle, Addison Harris, Amos Butler, Ernest Seton Thompson, Fred Emerson Brooks, Dewitt Miller, Segal Myers Concert Company, May Wright Sewell, Dr. Jane Sherzer, Mrs. George Hitt, Mrs. Olaf N. Guldlin, Mrs. Albion Fellows Bacon and Miss Meddie O. Hamilton. In addition to these, the late Ephraim Marsh delivered an address on "What I Saw in Europe," and Albert L. New gave a stereoptican lecture on "Wireless Telegraphy." Several delightful evenings have also been given by our local musical talent. To promote a general interest in art, three art exhibits have been held. The first of these contained three hundred pictures and continued three days. The proceeds amounted to ninety dollars, with which beautiful pictures were purchased to adorn the walls of the various school rooms of the city. Miss Niblack brought to our city a display of Japanese art and delivered a lecture on the same. At another time she lectured on "Technic of Art." Mrs. Florence Edyth King also lectured on art.

The federation has created a sentiment for much of the civic improvement and moral reform brought about since its organization. A "spitting ordinance" and "curfew ordinance" have been passed. Objectionable pictures and posters have been removed from public bill boards and other places. Book racks, provided with good literature, have been placed in public waiting rooms. Children have been excluded from the court room during sensational trials. Annual cleaning-up days have been observed and sanitary conditions in many parts of the city have been improved.

To encourage the growing of flowers, the federation held two aster shows, which were quite successful. The federation has also managed the sale of many dollars' worth of Red Cross Christmas seals since they have been in use. The poor house reform movement, which was brought before the state Legislature by the State Federation of Clubs, had its inception in the local federation. The summer Chautauquas held in 1905 and 1906 were largely due to the efforts put forth by the federation. The late Ada New gave much time and effort to this undertaking.

In May, 1909, the federation entertained the sixth district annual convention of women's clubs in a manner reflecting credit upon the federation and the city.

Hancock Lodge No. 101, Free and Accepted Masons, was instituted under dispensation, February 22, 1849, with James Rutherford, worshipful master; Harry Pierson, senior warden; James Bracken, junior warden; and the following Master Masons : Col. George Tague, Orlando Crain, Morris Pierson, James Shipman and Nathan D. Coffin. The worshipful master appointed Orlando Crain, secretary; George Tague, treasurer; James Shipman, senior deacon ; Nathan D. Coffin, junior deacon ; Morris Pierson, tyler. They met in the old seminary, which was for a long time the family residence of Capt. Reuben A. Riley. The room in which they met was occupied at the same time by the Sons of Temperance. The lodge continued to occupy the old seminary until they moved into the Masonic Hall in 1855.

The lodge worked under dispensation until June 20, 1850. The following persons were raised to the sublime degree of Master Mason while working under dispensation, and in the order named, to-wit : Robert E. Barnett, Jonathan Rawls, John Templin, John Shipman, E. B. Chittenden, J. K. Nixon, Adams L. Ogg, Cornwell Meek, John Milroy (on demit), B. T. Butler, George Henry and P. H. Foy, who passed to the degree of Fellowcraft ; consequently, all the others, except Foy, were charter members of the lodge. The officers under the charter, and installed as such on June 20, 1850, were as follows: James Rutherford, worshipful master; James Bracken, junior warden; Morris Pierson, treasurer; Robert E. Barnett, senior warden; Jonathan Rawls, junior deacon ; E. B. Chittenden, tyler.

The following brethren have filled the office of worshipful master in the order given: James Rutherford, six years; Robert E. Barnett, ten years; Elam I. Judkins, three years ; Jonathan Tague, one year ; L. W. Gooding, one year ; Presley Guymon, two years; George W. Dove, seven years; Ephraim Marsh, five years; Samuel S. Boots, one year; Joseph Baldwin, one year; William G. Scott, two years; Walter O. Bragg, one year; William H. Glascock, one year ; William Ward Cook, two years ; A. J. Smith, one year ; John Corcoran, one year ; Charles Downing, two years ; Samuel P. Gordon, John T. Duncan, William C. Barnard, William P. Bidgood, Edward W. Felt, Robert Williamson, Francis M. Conklin, Elwood Morris, John A. Rhue, Charles F. Reeves, Samuel J. Offutt, Harry G. Strickland, Ora Myers, Paul H. New, Hiram L. Thomas, Charles R. Gately, J. Ward Fletcher, Lattie O. Hanes and Irwin W. Cotton. Since Charles Downing, each master has served just one year.

The first trustees of the lodge were Andrew T. Hart, Robert E. Barnett and James Rutherford, who continued to act as such, except Rutherford, who died in 1856, and who was succeeded by William R. West. Those three acted until August 15, 1862, when the first legal election was held, which resulted in the election of Robert E. Barnett, George Tague and Nathan Coffin.

The corner stone of the old Masonic hall was laid with appropriate ceremonies, August 15, 1854, by Right Worshipful Elijah Newlan, deputy grand master of the grand lodge of the state of Indiana. The building committee of the old hall were James R. Bracken, chairman, Reuben Riley, Samuel Longnecker, Benjamin F. Duncan, Adren Rivett and Nathan D. Coffin.

The building of the old hall taxed the Masons to their fullest financial capacity, and for a long time the fate of the enterprise hung in the balance, as is shown by the report of the building committee, which reads as follows : "The character and standing of the lodge is at stake on this enterprise. The community at large look with great interest on the success of this project and, having advanced thus far, it would leave a very unfavorable impression, numbering as we do within our ranks so many of the ablest and best men of our county."

The lodge held a grand festival, July 5, 1855, in the public hall of the Masonic building, which is evidently the first meeting of any kind held in the old hall. Just when the old lodge hall was dedicated, the minutes do not disclose, but it was some time in the year 1855. On November 26, 1857, Dr. Robert E. Barnett, on behalf of Mrs. James Rutherford, presented to the lodge the Masonic regalia of James Rutherford, the first worshipful master of the lodge. Brother Rutherford was a bright Mason, but, like many others, he failed to obey the lessons which he so frequently taught, and his life went out in darkness.

Nearly three-fourths of a century have passed by since the little band of Masons met in the old seminary. Proud they were when the old Masonic hall had been built. That was a great undertaking for that day. Pleasant memories now cluster around the old hall. It is dear and sacred to Masonry, yet the time came when the city and lodge had outgrown it and when the brethren felt that it was not up to date. There were many spirited debates as to what should be done or where the lodge should go. Many, especially among the older members, preferred to build on the old site. The outgrowth of this was the appointment of a committee composed of Charles Downing, worshipful master; Samuel P. Gordon, senior deacon; John T. Duncan, junior deacon, and Nelson Bradley, Samuel R. Wells, Daniel B. Cooper and Ephraim Marsh, who were given full power to purchase ground and to locate the site for the new temple. What was known as the Walker corner was finally agreed upon, but it took money to buy such valuable property, and subscriptions were immediately started, which was headed by Brother Nelson Bradley with a cash subscription of one thousand dollars, and the following brethren in the amounts respectively :

On March 25, 1895, the Walker corner, or the northwest corner of Main and State streets, was purchased for $8,850. On August 5, 1895, the contract for the temple was let to Hinesman Brothers, of Noblesville, for twentysix thousand nine hundred dollars. The corner stone of the building was laid with appropriate ceremonies in October, 1895. The Masonic Temple is an elegant stone structure, with a mercantile room on the first floor, offices and Temple Club rooms on the second floor, and the lodge rooms on the third floor.

Hancock Lodge now has a membership of about two hundred and eighty. Walter O. Bragg, a member of this lodge, at one time served as grand master of Free and Accepted Masons of the state of Indiana.

Greenfield Commandery No. 39, Knights Templar, was instituted on May 16, 1896, under dispensation, and received its charter on April 22, 1897. Nearly all the charter members were dimitted from Knightstown Commandery. The first officers of Greenfield Commandery were: Ephraim Marsh, emminent commander; Walter O. Bragg, generalissimo; E. P. Thayer, captain general ; S. P. Gordon, senior warden ; Henry Snow, junior warden ; J. Ward Walker, prelate; Nelson Bradley, treasurer; George H. Cooper, recorder; William C. Barnard, standard bearer; J. M. Larimore, sword bearer; Charles Downing, warden; W. H. Vaughn, sentinel.

Greenfield Commandery has prospered steadily through the years and now has one hundred and five members. One of its members, Harry G. Strickland, after passing through the chairs of his home commandery, was further honored by passing successively through the chairs of the grand commandery, serving as grand commander of Knights Templar of Indiana in 19 14. At the grand commandery meeting at Indianapolis in May, 191 5, Greenfield Commandery won a beautiful silver trophy for having the largest percentage of its members in line.

Miriam Chapter No. 64, Order of the Eastern Star. - On January 6, 1887, a number of ladies and gentlemen met in the old Masonic hall, Greenfield, Indiana, and petitioned the grand chapter of the Order of the Eastern Star for dispensation and for the organization of Miriam Chapter. At that meeting thirty-seven persons were obligated by W. D. Engle, deputy grand patron, of Indianapolis, and officers were appointed pro tern. On the 14th day of April, 1887, a charter was issued to Miriam Chapter No. 64, and on May 17, 1887, Edwin D. Palmer, grand worthy patron, installed the following officers: D. R. Love, worthy patron; Pearl E. Tyner, worthy matron; Matilda J. Marsh, associate matron ; Wood Walker, secretary ; Adela Marsh, treasurer ; Mary S. Boots, conductress ; Emma Jackson, associate conductress ; Belle Cooper, Adah; Belle Hammel, Ruth; Allie Cook, Esther; Nellie Smith, Martha; Allie Glascock, Electa; Mary J. Barnett, warden, and Enos Geary, sentinel.

Miriam Chapter continued to hold their meetings the second Tuesday of each month in the old Masonic hall, until 1895, when the new Masonic Temple was completed. With the other Masonic orders, they transferred their paraphernalia into the beautiful new chapter rooms. At present there are two hundred and thirty-nine members in good standing. Mrs. Allen F. Cooper, a member of this chapter, was elected grand worthy matron of the Order of the

Eastern Star of the state of Indiana, for the year 191 3. Will H. Glascock at one time served as grand worthy patron, and Mrs. Pearl E. Tyner as grand treasurer, Order of Eastern Star of the state of Indiana.

Greenfield Lodge No. 135, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, was instituted on July 26, 1853. The lodge was organized in the old court house and afterward moved to. the three-story brick building at the corner of Main and State streets. From there it was moved to the county seminary, where it remained for a time. After the county sold the seminary building the lodge took lease on the new building upt up by Dr. Noble P. Howard, on Main street. Finally, on account of increasing membership, together with a desire on the part of the lodge to occupy a building of their own, the trustees were instructed to contract with William C. Burdette for the third story to be erected on his new block (Capital State Bank building), which was done. In 1891, the lodge moved to the second story of the brick building at the southeast corner of Main, and East streets, and have occupied the same continuously ever since. The charter members of this lodge were N. P. Howard, George Armstrong, M. W. Hamilton, Simon Thomas, John R. Boston. The members initiated the first night were Robert A. Barr, Benjamin Deem, James H. Leary, Benjamin Miller, John D. Burnett, Chelton Banks, M. G. Falconbury and Eli Ballinger.

The first elected officers were : George Armstrong, noble grand ; N. P. Howard, vice grand ; John D. Barnett, secretary ; Jonathan Dunbar, treasurer. The lodge at the present time is in a flourishing condition and has a membership of 226.

Humphries Encampment No-. 49, a higher degree of Odd Fellowship, was organized in May, 1856, with the following charter members : Noble P. Howard, A. P. Williams, George Armstrong, J. S. Harvey, J. E. Doughty, B. R. McCord, George Lowe, E. L. Tyler, J. A. Cottman and J. K. English. The degree at present is not very active.

Hope Lodge No. 114, Daughters of Rebekah, was organized, March 20, 1874, with the following charter members: Ephraim Marsh, A. P. Williams, Emma L. Williams, Q. D. Hughes, M. M. Hughes, C. J. Williams, A. E. Williams, A. R. Jones, A. L. Jones, William Chappell, Ella Chappell, William Custer, Hester A. Custer, Edward Lace, Nancy A. Lace, Jackson McGruder, Mary J. Wilkins, Charles L. Cochran, Rosa A. Cochran, M. L. Paullus, Mary A. Paullus, William Sears, Loretta Sears, Andrew Eakes, Marian L. Eakes, T. L. Bentley, Charles Reifle, Josephine Reifle, Joseph Burke, M. J. Burke, John R. Johnson, Nancy Johnson, William Mitchell, Thomas R. Lineback, Lydia J. Lineback, W. E. Burdette, John W. Bush, Montgomery Marsh, Ann L. Marsh, T. J. Dawson and Rachel M. Dawson.

After a few years the lodge discontinued for a time, and was reorganized about 1885, with the following membership: M. L. Paullus, Mary Paullus, W. W. Webb, Catherine Webb, Mary Hart, James L. Smith, Ann E. Smith, John W. Carter, Mellie Carter, Q. D. Hughes, Mary M. Hughes, John Corcoran, and with the following officers: Mary M. Hughes, noble grand; Mellie Carter, vice grand; Mary Hart, recording secretary, and Catherine M. Webb, treasurer. The present membership is one hundred and fourteen, with the following officers : Mrs. Edith Glascock, noble grand ; Mrs. Rose Carr, vice grand; Mrs. Alice Archey, recording secretary; Mrs. Belle Wood, financial secretary; Olive Hagans, treasurer.

Eureka Lodge No. 20, Knights of Pythias, was organized on the 29th of February, 1872, on the second floor of the building known as the Walker corner. Among other places of meeting were the old Masonic hall, the room over the Capital State Bank and an old building which stood on the lot now occupied by the lodge. In 1908 the lodge purchased a three-eighths interest in the building known as the Strickland building. In 191 5 they purchased the remaining five-eighths interest. They now own the entire building and are in a flourishing condition, with three hundred and twenty-five members. The following were the charter members : R. E. Barnett, W. S. Wood, H. J. Williams, Ephraim Marsh, J. A. New, Enos Geary, E. P. Thayer, S. W. Barnett, J. J. Pratt, William F. Pratt, Marion Forgey, J. D. Vannuys, George W. Dove, Joseph Baldwin, Calvin Souder, A. P. Williams, B. F. Gant, Milton Peden, John W. Ryan, Jackson Wills, Z. D. Hughes. One of its members, W. S. Wood, attained the honor of past grand chancellor of Indiana.

Uniform Rank, Knights of Pythias, -was organized on the 14th day of December, 1903, with John B. Hinchman as its first captain. It flourished for a few years, but gradually declined. In 1914 it was reorganized and at present is in a good condition. It has thirty-two members fully equipped. The present officers of the company are as follows : George B. WTilson, captain; Alonzo Ray, first lieutenant; Paul R. Boyd, second lieutenant; A. H. Rottman, sergeant recorder ; R. H. Murphy, sergeant treasurer ; E. R. Elliott, first sergeant; A. N. Steele, second sergeant; Roy Thomas, commissary sergeant; Link Gorman, bugler, and Charles Gilson, musician sergeant.

Laurel Temple No. 21, Pythian Sisters, was organized by the founder of the order, the Rev. J. A. Hill, of Greencastle, Indiana, in October, 1889, and the charter was granted on May 12, 1890. There were twenty charter members, including members of the order of Knights of Pythias, and the wives, daughters, mothers, widows and sisters of Knights of Pythias in good standing. The first officers were : Most excellent chief, Elizabeth Suess ; excellent senior, Nellie Millikan; excellent junior, Ora Bragg; manager of temple, Borgia Barnard ; mistress of records and correspondence, Carrie Lynn ; mistress of finance, Belle White ; protector of temple, Carrie Walker ; guard of the outer temple, Belle Gant ; past chief, Lena Bedgood. The membership now numbers one hundred and thirty-one.

The temple has always met in the hall occupied by Eureka Lodge No. 20, Knights of Pythias, which at the time of the organization of the temple was meeting in the old Masonic hall. The meeting place was subsequently changed to the I. O. O. F. building, then to the Binford block, then to the present meeting place in the Knights of Pythias building.

The order of Pythian Sisters at its inception was an independent organization drawing its membership from the order of Knights of Pythias and the female relatives of members of that order. In 1892 the supreme lodge. Knights of Pythias, at its session in Kansas City, passed a law making it prohibitory for knights to hold membership in any organization bearing the name or any form of the name "Pythian." By this action the order of Pythian Sisters, which had grown rapidly and numbered many temples in the United States, must either lose the knights or change its name. The latter alternative was accepted and the name of the order was changed to "Rathbone Sisters," honoring Justice H. Rathbone, founder of the order of Knights of Pythias. The local temple was known as Laurel Temple No. 21, Rathbone Sisters, for fourteen years. In 1904, the supreme lodge, Knights of Pythias, by special legislation, granted official recognition to the order of Rathbone Sisters, making it an independent auxiliary to the order of Knights of Pythias and restoring its former name, "Pythian Sisters." Mrs. Allen F: Cooper served as grand chief, Pythian Sisters of the state of Indiana, in 1903.

Wenonah Tribe No. 182, Improved Order of Red Men, was instituted on the 14th day of March, 1893, with forty-five charter members. It now has a membership of five hundred and thirty. During its career it has met in the old Masonic hall, the Capital State Bank building, the Hinchman hall, and in its present quarters, at the southwest corner of East and Main streets. The tribe owns the fine business block at the corner of East and Main streets, having purchased and paid for it, at a cost of twelve thousand dollars. Wenonah Tribe has among its members one past great sachem, Charles A. Robinson, who has filled all the offices in the state organization. Doctor Robinson has been a lecturer for the Red Men for fifteen years and has traveled extensively in the interest of the order.

Wenonah Haymakers Association No. 132^2, was organized with sixteen charter members in the old Masonic hall, on March 7, 1899. From the hall it moved to its present location in the Red Men's hall at the southeast corner of Main and East streets. Its motto is, "Fun and Good Fellowship." The lodge pays sick and death benefits, each member being assessed fifty cents on each death, which is paid to the family of the deceased companion. It now has a membership of three hundred and fifty-one.

Oronoco Council No. 59, Degree of Pocahontas, was organized, December 19, 1895, with a charter membership of forty-five, in the hall over the Capital State Bank. It soon afterward located in the Hinchman hall and later in the old Masonic hall, at the corner of Main and Pennsylvania streets. Several years afterward, the council located in what is known as Red Men's hall, corner of Main and East streets. It now has a membership of one hundred and fifty-eight. Only six charter members belong at this time.