Orange Township

Distilleries, Etc.- Churches

ORANGE TOWNSHIP was organized in Febru ary, 1822. It is situated in the southwest corner of the county, lying south of Fairview Township, west of Columbia and Connersville Townships, north of Franklin County, and east of Rush County. The territory comprising it was taken from Connersville and Columbia Townships, and at its formation was thus designated; "Beginning at the southwest corner of Fayette County, running eastwardly with said county line three miles to the range line; thence north with the said range line to the northern boundary of Connersville Township; thence we^. with the said township line to the county line; thence south with said county line to the place of beginning."

It was then six sections larger than at present. The two northern tiers of sections were taken from it on the formation of F"'airview Township in 1851.

Land Sales

Section 1, sold in 1822, 1825, 1830 and 1831 to Ephraim Frazee, John Coley, Dyer Woodworth, Abraham Finch, Enos Carter, Samuel Smith and William Martin.

Section 3, sold in 1820, 1821 and 1822 to Aaron Betts, John Ratcliff, John Russell, Mary, Susannah, Margaret, Marion and Regannah Ronald, and David Dill.

Section 10, sold in 1820, 1821, 1822 and 1830 to Isaac Thomas, Hugh Allen, Joshua Moore, David Dill, George H. Puntenny and Joseph McDonald.

Section 11, sold in 1822, 1830, 1831, 1832 and 1834, to George H. Puntenny, Silas M. Stone, Thomas R. Stevenson, John Alexander, Jefferson Helm, James Case, Hugh Wilson, James Lathers and Noah Dawson.

Section 14, sold in 1821, 1822, 1824 and 1831 to Triplett Lockhart, Shelton Jones, Thomas Williamson, Elias B. Stone, Jonas Jones, Silas H. Stone, Bethuol Rychmaul and Henry Klum.

Section 22, sold in 1821, 1822, 1824 and 1830, to William Stephens, John Wagoner, Charles Scott, David Dill, Elias B. Stone, John Longfellow and Daniel Jackson.

Section 24, sold in 1825, 1831, 1832 and 1834 to William McPherson, Josiah Mullikin, Euphemia Morrison, Daniel Jackson, John Klum and Lewis B. Tupper.

Section 25, sold in 1821, 1823, 1832, 1833 and and 1834 to Elias Matney, John Jacobs, Elisha Ellison, James Stevens, Thomas G. Stephenson, Mary Johnson and Richard Stevens.

Section 26, sold in 1822, 1824, 1830 and 1833 to Robert Stevens, Ephraim Johnson, Lewis Johnson, Jacob Moss, Samuel Wilson, John English and La-wrence Johnson.

Section 27, sold in 1820, 1821, 1822, 1823, 1825 and 1830 to David Crews, Jr., William Moore, Michael Beaver, James New, Solomon Carn, Lawrence Johnson and Riaard Rinearson.

Section 34, sold in 1820, 1822. 1823, 1825 and 1829 to C. Rinearson, William Pool, Joseph Stevens, William Dearning, Conrad Plow, William Arnold and Moses Bart.

Section 36, sold in 1820, 1821, 1822, 1829 and 1834 to Cornelius Rinearson, Alexander Ayers, Timothy Allison, John Woolech, John Linville and James Conwell.

The beginning of immigration to the lands of Orange Township dates from about the year 1820. Little knowledge concerning the first settlements and those making them can be gathered at this late day.

Among the first to settle in the township was the now venerable Wells Stevens, who, at this writing, is unconscious to the things of this world. Mr. Stevens is a North Carolinan, from which State his father, Robert, emigrated during the first decade of the century to the vicinity of the settlements of the Carolina colony on East Fork of Whitewater River. Robert here lived in the vicinity of Templeton's Creek until the close of the war of 1812, and during the war served several months along the frontier settlements. He then settled on Garrison's Creek in what is now Columbia Township.

Wells, possibly in 1819, but probably not before 1820, then just married, settled in the southwest corner of this township, and began the work of the early settler. He had built his cabin before the survey was comjjleted, and in it, it is said, he entertained more than once some one or more of the party engaged in making the survey. Later, Robert removed to that vicinity and there passed his life.

Elias B. Stone, emigrating from Kentucky in about the year 1820, settled southeast of the now village of Fayetteville on Garrison's Creek, and some two years later Silas H. Stone, a brother, then a young and single man, came out from Lincoln (now

In 1821 George Creelman, a native of the County of Antrim, Ireland, settled where his son W. G. now resides. Mr. Creelman died in 1880 at the advanced age of ninety-three years.

In 1823 or thereabouts Ralph Titsworth and family, from Scott County, Ky., settled probably a mile and a half north of Fayetteville. He had lived for a time before coming in Butler County, Ohio, and before settling in Kentucky, in the State of New Jersey. Mrs. Squire Daniel, of Fayetteville, is a daughter.

Along north and east of Fayetteville during the decade between 1820 and 1830, settled, and were living there, Hugh Allen, John Russell (who cleared the land and built the house in which the late Robert Gamble died), Samuel Hornady (lived where Robert Martin now owns), John Coley, James Lathers and a Mr. Perkins.

Just east of the village of Fayetteville, at the period above referred to, there lived, on what will be recognized as the Dr. Mason farm, Isaac Thomas. Still further east lived a Mr. Jones from Kentucky, who after a period returned to that State. Still east of Jones had settled Thuel Wrightman and Henry Klum.

In 1822 John Scott, a native of Pennsylvania, entered land in the township and that year built a cabin upon it, and removed his mother's family thereto. His parents when he was small emigrated to the vicinity of Brush Creek in Adams County, Ohio. Here the father died and left a large family with nothing. The son John traveled the river, working on flat-boats which were engaged in conveying salt from the Kanawha "Works to Cincinnati and to other points, and traveled the Mississippi, Kentucky and other rivers, and with his earnings made the purchase referred to. He served as one of the Associate Judges of the county and occupied other public positions.

Henry Dicken, from Kentucky, and Triplet Lockhart, of the family that settled early in Connersville Township, were among the pioneers of Orange; also Joseph Justice.

In 1826 Elias Matney, a Kentuckian, and his father-in-law, Alexander Ayers, settled on adjoining land on Sain's Creek, in the southeastern part of the township. They were from Preble County, Ohio, here. Ayers had emigrated thither from Pennsylvania.

Comparatively speaking, few of the farms in this township, it is said, were cleared up and improved without the aid of leasers or renters of land, concerning which large class the records give little or no information, and as many of them, on the expiration of their leases, removed from the county, nothing definite of them can be given. In some cases the purchasers of the land remained in the East or in other States from whence they emigrated until the land was partially cleared up. These leasers were to make specified improvements on the premises and live thereon for a term of years free of rent, etc., etc. Of this class we would gladly write could the data be obtained.

The fu-st school held in the township is thought to have been kept in a cabin just north of the village of Fayetteville in 1823, taught by Eleanor Blair. Two or three years later Miss Mitchell taught a school in a cabin house that stood probably one and a half miles east of north of Fayetteville, on what is now the Joseph Gamble farm - then the Russell land. The cabin had been occupied as a dwelling by Mr. Russell, and abandoned on his building a new one.

District No. 1 was organized in 1824 under the law. The tax levied was nearly all paid in labor or material. The ground upon which it stood, situated on the hill northwest of Gray's saw-mill, was donated by John Coley. The building was in keeping with the houses of that period - of hewed logs, the floor of walnut puncheons, clapboard roof, and the chimney of stone. It is thought that a Mr. Gunn taught the flrst school in this building. In 1825 a second school district was organized in Danville (now Fayetteville). Wiley J. Daniel was one of the early teachers in the Danville building. Subsequently a frame house was built in the village, in which J. P. Daniel taught for a time. James Rhodes is also remembered as having taught in the village school.

The first schoolhouse in the settlement along Sain's Creek stood in the northwest quarter of Section 36, on what is now the land of A. Winchell. Early teachers in this house were Alexander Patton, John Bell and Thomas Points. The next house in this section of the country was built some 400 yards south of the other. Alexander Matney taught in this building. The condition of the schools of the township in 1879 is shown by the following report of the County Superintendent: oversight of his schools, and his management seems to give very general satisfaction, although he is somewhat cramped in special finances on full time. Apjjliances only fair. Has time-pieces, I believe, but needs, for the comfort of his scholars, better and more commodious rooms, shade trees, etc., as soon as convenient. Mr. Moore visits his schools and familiarizes himself with the children and teachers. School interests are safe in his hands. Number of children - males, 151; females, 124; total, 275. Number of schools, live (one double school). Teachers are doing satisfactory work, so far as we have known."

Mills, Distilleries, Etc

The first mill in the township was built in 1822 by Elias B. Stone. It was a grist-mill. S. H. Stone came out from Kentucky the first time to assist his brother in erecting the mill. The mill was located on the south branch of Garrison's Creek, and not far from the center of the township. Subsequently Silas H. Stone added a saw-mill and also built a grist-mill, and operated both for years. The mill property passed into the hands of Jack Lindsey and James Tuttle, who built and carried on in connection with the mills a distillery. On the north branch of Garrison's Creek Hugh Gray built a saw-mill very early - prior to 1833. On this stream above the Gray Mill later was built a saw-mill by William Reed. Mr. Starbuck started a tan-yard at Fayetteville quite early, which was by him carried on some time. His successor in this line in the same village was Isham Keith. Some years subsequent to 1833 there was a carding-machine in operation in Fayetteville by Benjamin F. Morrow. This, however, was shortlived.

Churches And Borying-Grounds

Among the first emigrants settling in the township were a number who were members of the Reformed Presbyterian Church, and in due time such an organization was formed and a church buildincr erected on laud deeded by Samuel Hornady (now the Robert Martin place) in Section 3. The organization took place early, yet the meeting-house was not built for a number of years thereafter, and then remained in an unfinished state until probably 1848 or 1849. Among the original members of the church here were the Dills, the Russells, the Craigs, and others.

On the division which took place in the Presbyterian Church in 1833, the church under consideration was divided; those adhering to the doctrines of the Old School withdrew, and erected, in about 1850, a house of worship a half mile south of the other building. Among the early members of this congregation were John Alexander, Mr. Reed, Mr, Gowdy,

Both churches in their early history had only supplies. From about 1848 until some time before the late war, Rev. Josiah Dodds preached for the Old School congregation. Since that time Revs. Robb, Johnson and McClerkin have served that people.

Among the early members of the New School Church were Thomas Little and sons - Samuel and John - William Marks, John Gamble, James Landen, Thomas Marks and John G. Gray. From about 1849 until 1859, Rev. Andrew Heron served the congregation, since which time they have had supplies only. In 1881 the house of worship was destroyed by fire, and since then, and for a time prior thereto, the congregation has been holding services in the church building at Glenwood.

There is a small burying-ground at each church. At the north grave-yard the earliest burial marked by a tombstone is that of an infant daughter of E. and J. Cooper, who died in 1837. Among the aged buried in this yard are Samuel and Jane Hamilton, Elizabeth Little, William Culbertson, Martha Gamble, Jane Crawford, Ann Carter and Nancy Luke.

At the south grave-yard, among the aged whose graves are marked by tombstones are Mary McMillan, aged seventy- two years; George Creelman, aged ninety-three years; Rosanna Williamson, aged seventy-six years; Robert Gamble, aged seventy-three years; Jane Milligan, aged eighty-one years; and Robert Craig, aged eighty- two years.

The grave-yard at Fayetteville dates back to the first settlement of that vicinity. As earlj' as 1833 there were quite a number of graves in it. Among the aged interred here are W. J. Daniel, aged about eighty years; John R. Daniel, aged seventy-four years; John Wagoner, aged eighty four years ; Elder John Haslett, aged seventy-three years; Noah Dawson, aged seventy- niney oars; Joshua Crawford, aged seventy-five years.

The Methodist Episcopal Church at Fayetteville had its origin in a class that was organized in 1822 by Rev. John Havens, a local preacher, at the house of Judge Gregg, one mile west of Fayetteville. The class consisted of the following- named eleven members: Judge Gregg and wife, Samuel Rounds and wife, Noah Dawson and wife, Mrs. Sarah George, Hugh Wilson, Thomas Dawson, John Merrick, Sr., and John Merrick, Jr.

The quarterage paid by the circuit the first year was $36. 12i of which Gregg's class paid |2. 12i. Of this sum the Pastor received $31.87 J, and the Presiding Elder $4.25.

This class constituted an appointment on the Connersville Circuit until Columbia Circuit was formed in 1851. The first house of worship of the society was built in Fayetteville in 1838, for some time prior to which date meetings were conducted in the wagonshop of John Merrick. The church building, a frame, was used until the present beautiful and commodious edifice was erected in 1872, at a cost of $3,000. The charge is now a part of Glenwood Circuit, of which Rev. J. W. Dashiell is pastor. Present membership about fifty. At the dedication of the new church Rev. Dr. Andrus, President of Asbury University, ofBciated.

The Christian Chui'ch at Fayetteville was organized July 4, 1829, by Elder John P. Thompson. The frame of a meeting-house was soon put up by Elias B. Stone, one of the charter members, principally at his own expense. The building was not completed for several years. In 1851 a substantial frame house of worship was erected, principally through the efforts of E. S. Frazee, who has preached for the congregation on an average of half the time since 1851. In 1875 the building was remodeled and rebuilt, and is now substantial and commodious. Elder John P. Thompson continued preaching for the church until his death in 1871. Among the early regular pastors of the society were William McPherson, John O'Kane, R. T. Brown, George Campbell and Henry Pritchard. For the last third of a century the society has met regularly on the first day of the week for worship.

In the early settling of this township another Methodist society was organized, and held services at private bouses and in schoolhouses until in about 1837, when the old frame building, yet standing in the southern part of the township near the residence of Alexander Matney, was erected for a house of worship. This was so used' until probalily ten years ago, when the society, having become weak, abandoned the house, which was sold to Mr. Matney. The congregation then went to other churches of that denomination in the vicinity.

Just a short distance from the church above described stands a frame house of worship, built on ground deeded by Alexander Matney. The building was erected by general subscription, and has been used as a union church, its doors being open for all denominations. This was built some fifty or sixty years ago. Since 1874 or thereabouts it has been principally occupied by a United Brethren congregation, organized by Rev. Alexander Carroll. This congregation now holds services there once every three weeks, with Rev. Mr. Boland in charge.

burial of the Rinearsons. David and John RinearsoD were among the first interments in it. Subsequently the ground fell into possession of Alexander Matney, who donated one- half acre to those in charge of the church for burial purposes.

This pretty little village, situated in the extreme western part of the township on the road forming the boundary line between the two counties, was laid out by the surveyor, Thomas Hinkson, for Elias B. Stone and Isaac Thomas, October 12, 1824. It was then designated as Danville. In 1841 an addition to the village (south) was made by Elias B. Stone, surveyed by William Dickey. Robert Cox kept the first store in the village, Robert Wilson was the first blacksmith, and Drs. Mason, Helm and Daniel early physicians. Mr. Cox, in addition to blacksmithing, manufactured bells.

In 1833 Burgess Q. Wells was a merchant, and in 1837 the Postmaster of the village. Later of the early merchants were James M. Conner and Thomas Marks; John Latchem was another of the early "village smiths;" John B. Williams was the cabinetmaker in 1833, and one Vantyne the wagon-maker. Joshua Wolf was another of the early blacksmiths.

The first frame house in the village was built by Dr. Jefferson Helm in 1830 or 1831. It is still standing, and is now occupied by Thomas Boylan. The first and only brick house in the village was built by Joshua Wolf.

The village at present has a population of probably 150. It has a postoffice, two blacksmith shops, a saw-mill, one wagon-making shop, an extensive carriage and buggy factory, two good stores, one drugstore, one harness shop, a large two-story school building and two churches.

Source changes here: from History of Fayette County, Indiana : Her People, Industries and Institutions, by Barrows, Frederic Irving, published 1917; 2,956 words in this source stream.

Orange Township

Orange township, named in honor of a county in North Carolina from which many of the early settlers came, was organized out of parts of Columbia and Conners\ille townshijis cm February 18, 1822. Its original limits were as follow s : "Beginning at the southwest corner of Fayette county, running easterly with said county line three miles to the range line ; thence north with the said range line to the nothern boundary of Connersville township; thence west with the said townshij) line to the county line; thence south with the said count}- line to the place of l>eginning;'" The township thus contained six more sections than it now has, the organization of Fairview township in December. 1 85 1 , resulting in the detachment of the two northern tiers of sections.

All of this township, with the exception of small fractional portions of sections 13, 24, 2~, and 36 falls within the "New Purchase," and consec|uently was not open for entry until after 1820. In fact, there was no land entered in the township until at least one \-ear after the county was organized. The complete list of land entries follows :

Section 34 - Sold in 1820 to Robert Lyon and Joseph Justice. Section 35 - Sold in 1820 to Ephraim Frazee and John Gregg. Section 3()- - Sold in 1S20 to E]ihraim Smith, Nathan Ells, Aloses Scott and Ephraim Frazee.

Section i - Sold in 1822, 1825, 1830 and 1831 to Ephraim Frazee, John Coley, Dyer Woodsworth, Abraham Finch, Enos Carter, Samuel Smith and William Martin.

Section 3 - Sold in 1820, 1821, and 1822 to Aaron Betts, John Ratclifif, John Russell, Susannah, Margaret, Marion and Regannah Ronald, David Dill.

Section 10 - Sold in 1820, 1821, 1822 and 1830 to Isaac Thomas, Hugh Allen, Joshua Moore, David Dill, George H. Puntenny and Joseph McDonald

Section ii - Sold in 1822. 1830, 1831. 1832 and 1834 to (Jeorj^e II. Puntenny, Silas M. Stone, Thomas R. Stevenson, John Alexander, Jefferson Helm, James Case, Hugh Wilson, James Lathers, and Noah Dawson.

Section 14 - Sold in 1821, 1822, 1824 and 1831 to Triplett L.ockhart, Shelton Jones, Thomas Williamson, Elias B. Stone, Jonas Jones, Silas H. Stone, Bethuel Rychmaul and Henry Klum.

Section 22 - Sold in 1821, 1822, 1824 and 1830 to William Stephens, John Wagoner, Charles Scott, David Dill, Elias B. Stone, John Longfellow, and Daniel Jackson.

Section 24 - Sold in 1825, 1831, 1832 and 1843 to William McPherson, Josiah MuUikin, Euphemia Morrison, Daniel Jackson, John Klum and Lewis B. Tupper.

Section 25 - Sold in 1821, 1823, 1832, 1833 and 1834 to Elias Matney, John Jacobs, Elisha Ellison, James Stevens, Thomas G. Stephenson, Mary Johnson and Richard Stevens.

Section 26 - Sold in 1822, 1S24, 1830 and 1833 to Robert Stevens. Ephraim Johnson, Le\\is Jolmson, Jacob Moss, Samuel Wilson, John Tinglish and Lawrence Johnson.

Section 27 - Sold in 1820, 1821, 1822, 1823, 1825 and 1830 to David Crews, Jr., William Moore, Michael Beaver, James New, Solomon Carn, Lawrence Johnson and Rinard Rinearson.

Section 34 - Sold in 1820, 1822, 1823. 1825 and 1829 to C. Rinearson, William Pool, Joseph Stevens, William Dearning, Conrad Plow, William Arnold and Moses Bart.

Section 36 - Sold in 1820, 182 1, 1822, 1829 and 1834 to Cornelius Rinearson, Alexander Ayers, Timothy AlHson, John Woolech, John Linville and James Conwell, John Gregg. (17)

Pioneers in Orange township were John Scott, John Reed and wife, Mrs. Sarah Wyle, Silas Stone and wife, WilHam Huston and wife, W. J. Daniel, Joseph Cotton, Wells Stevens, John Springer, Elias Matney and wife, Edwin Austin, Mrs. Stevens.

As will be noted from the above land entries, no settlement was made in Orange township prior to 1820. Probably the first to settle in the township was Wells Stevens, the son of Robert Stevens, who emigrated from Carolina during the first decade of the century and settled in tlie vicinity of the east fork of the White Water river. Wells Stevens, in 1820, having just married, settled in the southwest corner of the township and began the work characteristic of the early settler. He completed his little pioneer cabin before the completion of the survey and the story is told that on several occasions the surveyors sought comfort and rest in his humble dwelling.

Another man who made settlement in 1820, but somewhat later in the year than Wells Stevens, was Elias B. Stone, who emigrated from Kentucky and settled on Garrison's creek, southeast of Fayetteville. Silas B. Stone, a brother, came two years later, but did not make a permanent settlement until 1824.

Adam McNeill, a brother-in-law to Robert Stevens, and William Pool were early settlers in the Stevens neighborhood. In 1821. George Creelman, a native of Ireland, settled in the township. At the same time the Dills settled here.

In 1822 John Scott entered land in the township and the same year constructed a shanty upon it and removed his mother's family thereto. The father had died leaving the family in destitute circumstances. The son John travelled the river, worked on flat-boats and in other employment and with his earnings made the purchase mentioned. Later he served as one of the associate judges of the county and occupied other public positions.

During the period from 1820 to 1830 the following persons settled north and east of Fayetteville : Hugh Allen, John Russell, Samuel Hornadv, John Coley, James Lathers and a Mr. Perkins.

Among others who were early jiioneers were Henry Dicken. Triplet Lockhart. Joseph Justice, Cornelius Rinearson, Laurence Johnson, Elias Matney and Ale.xander Ayers.

ments on the premises, usually moved on to another location, thus leavinfj little account of themselves. In some cases the purchasers of the land remained away until the land was partially cleared up and the ground put into a tillable condition.

Early Schools

A little log cabin located just north of Fayetteville is supposed to have acted as the first school house in the township. The first teacher was Eleanor Blair, who taught in 1823. .Another school was conducted two or three years afterward in a cabin that stood about a mile and a half northeast of Fayetteville on what was known as the Russell farm. One of the first teachers was a lady by the name of Mitchell.

School district No. i was organized in 1824. The building, which was in keeping with the houses of the period, was built on the ground donated by John Cole}'. The school tax was nearly all paid in labor and material. A man by the name of Gunn taught the first school in this building. In 1825 another scluxjl district was organized in Danville (later Fayetteville, now Orange). \Viley J. Daniel was one of the early teachers at this place. J. P. l')amei and Tanies l^hodes were also early teachers in the village.

In the Sain's creek neighborhood, the first school house stood in the northwest quarter of section 36, on what was later known as the Winchell farm. John Bell, Thomas Points and Alexander Patton were among the early teachers. After several years the building became inadequate to the needs of the community and another building was constructed about four hundred yards south of the old one. Alexander Matney was one of the early teachers.

Early Industries

Ehas B. Stone had the honor of erecting the first grist-mill in the township, located on the south branch of Garrison's creek. Subsequently. S. H. Stone bought the grist-mill, and operated it for several years. He disposed of his interests to John Lindsey and James Tuttle, who built and carried on a distillery in connection wiili the mills. Later, S. H. Stone built another grist-mill in the northeast part of the southeast quarter of section 14, and afterwards aflded a saw-mill to the grist-mill. On the north branch of Garrison's creek, a saw-mill was built by Hugh Gray sometime prior to 1833. William Reed erected a saw-mill only a short distance above the Gray miU about the same time. A man by the name of Starbuck started a tanyard at the \'illage of Fayetteville (now Orange) \ery early and was succeeded by

Located in the northeastern part of the township is the largest apple orchard in the county, owned by Reed & Fielding. The orchard is a model of its kind and, along with others, has been favorably mentioned as one of the best in this section of the state.

Orange, formerly known as Fayetteville. is in Orange township and on the lioundary line I)etween the two counties. The village was surveyed* and platted by Thomas Hinkson for Elias B. Stone and Isaac Thomas, October 12, 1824, and given the name of Danville. On September 30, 1841, an addition was made on the south side by Elias B. Stone. Robert Cox was the first business man of the town, he conducting a general store and a blacksmith shop and also manufactured bells. Robert Wilson was perhaps the first blacksmith and Doctors Mason, Helm and Daniel were early physicians.

In 1833 Burgess G. Wells was given permission to vend merchandise and in 1837 became postmaster of the village. Other early merchants were James M. Conner and Thomas Marks. John Latcbem and Joshua Wolf were among the early blacksmiths. John B. Williams was the cabinetmaker for the community in 1833. A man by the name of Vantyne was one of the first wagon-makers in this section.

Glenwood, a village of about three hundred and seventy-five population, is on the Fayette-Rush county line, the part of the village in Fayette county being in Fairview and Orange townships. According to the 1910 census the village had a population of two himdred and sixty-six - with forty-nine in Fayette and two hundred and seventeen in Rush county. Of those fortynine in Fayette county, eiglit were in Fairview and forty-one in Orang-e township. The village is on the Cincinnati, Indianapolis & Western railroad and the traction line running between Indianajwlis and C'onnersville. The history of this village really belongs to Rush county.

The following places of business in Glenwood are on the Fayette county side: Saw-mill, Orlando Nichols; barber shop and pool room, Jesse \'andiver; livery stable and auctioneer, Clarence Carr; veterinary surgeon, Leon Mingle; harness shop and confectionery, Otto Cameron; butcher shop, William Combs & Son; general store, A. P. Reynolds; blacksmith, Bert Timmerman; garage, Mr. Osborn; physician. H. S. Osborn. The three fraternal organizations of Glenwood are on the Rush county side. There was formerly a congregation of the Seventh-Day .\dventists in Glenwood on the Fayette county side. The congregation built a small church in the southwestern corner of Fairview township about twenty-Bve years ago, but the congregation was disbanded several years ago. The old church building is now a part of a dwelling house with a store room in front. The grain elevator is on the Fayette county side. It is managed by Jesse Murphy & Son, who also handle coal, cement, flour, paint and farming implements.

Orange township was settled later than most of the townships of the county and did not have a regularly organized school until 1823. Li that year Eleanor Blair taught school in a small log cabin just north of the village of Fayetteville (now Orange). The next school of which any definite record has been preserved was tauglit by a Miss Mitchell in the abandoned cabin of a man of the name of Russel. This cabin stood about a mile and a half northeast of Fayetteville, and there a few terms of school were taught.

The first school organized under the legislati\-e act of 1824 in this township, known as district No. i, was luiilt on the upper part of Garrison creek on land donated by John Coley. The funds for the building were raised by a tax levied on the citizens to be benefited, most of whom paid their apportionment in labor or supplies. This building was as fine a structure as ingenuity could devise and pioneer carpenters could erect. It was built of hewed logs, with a floor of walnut puncheons, with the inevitable clapboard roof, but its aristocratic feature was a stone chimney. The best evidence points to one Gunn as the first teacher in this new building, but how luno- he held forth is not known.

Tlie year tnlluwing- (i8-'5) tlie second scliool district was urs;ani/,ed in the tuunshii), the building 1)eing- erected in Kayetteville (now Orange), then known as Danxille. Among the early teachers in this second district was Wiley J. Daniel. The fir.st log structure in Danville was later replaced by a frame structure, and in this J. 1'. Daniel held forth for .several terms. Another early teacher of Danville was James Rhodes.

Another one of the early schools was on the farm of Rbenezer fooper, one and one-half miles south of Glenwood. Reverend Cooper built the school house himself and taught the first school.

The Sains Creek settlement was early provided with a school building which stood in the northwest corner of section 36. Somewhat later a second building was erected about four hundred yards south of the one just mentioned. Among the early teachers of these two schools were John Bell, Thomas Points and .Me.xander I'atton. This townsliip had hve school houses in 1880 and an enrollment of about J75.

The present school year ( 1916-17). finds the school houses reduced to three in number, a certified high school at Orange, doing four years' work, and two district schools. It is the plan to raise the standard of the high school so that it will be eligible for a full commission during the coming vear. Roth the high school teachers for 1916-17 are graduates of Indiana University and are fully competent to place the school on the highest basis provided for high schools of the state. Edgar Starr is principal of the Orange consolidated high school, and is assisted by Merle Colvin. The two grade teachers in same school are Rolland Morris and Marguerite Sipe. The district teachers are \\'illiam Cameron and Brvan Da\ison.

Ahhough the task of making a living was foremost in the minds of the pioneers in Jackson township yet they were not too busy nor too poor to provide for the education of their children. The first log-built school house of which there is any mention in that lownshi]) was located in section 21. northeast of Everton. .\ccording to tradition, a man of the name of John Lee taught school in this i)lace ])rior to 1817. Subsequent teachers were .\ndrew Lewis and Lot Creen. The next school house in this settlement was in section 26 and stood on the farm of Obediah Estis. Lot Green is given the credit of teaching the first school in this building. For a number of years school was held in the log meeting house that stood at the graveyard on Poplar Ridge and which was occupied by the Society of Friends for a number of years. Thomas O'Brien, an Irishman of more than ordinary intelHgence, was a teacher in this vicinity for several years and among his pupils were the Truslers, \\'ard3, \\'rights and Becketts, some of whom became prominent characters in state and national affairs.

In section 19 stood a log cabin where school was conducted in 1816 or 1 81 7. However this cabin was used only until a better structure could be jjuilt, the erection of which was effected about 1819 or 1820. Joseph Moore \\as the first teacher. William Siixey taught the same school a few years after.

The fourth school house erected in the township was built about 1822, in section 24, about two or three miles west of Everton. Among the early teachers were William Eskew, Robert Gathers and Robert Willis. Subsequently another school house was built in section 30, on the north fork of Bear creek and John Gunn was one of the first teachers there.

An abandoned dwelling hicated in section 12 was used as a school house in 1827 or 1828 and Travis Silvey was one of the first teachers. About the same time a log school house of the old t}'pe was erected just east of the Mt. Zion church. The attendance at this latter school was quite large and many interesting" stories cluster around it. The ages of the pupils ranged from six to twenty years. The girls and young men were often larger and older than the teacher and as a result many pranks were played upon the teachers without fear of any real punishment. According to a story handed down to this generation a teacher of the name of John Barnes, who taught there as early as 1829, was "barred out" on one occasion. The boys after being satisfied that he could not make an entrance to the school house, and Barnes himself being aware of the same fact after making several vain attempts with a large timber used as a battering ram, agreed upon a compromise that was suggested by the boys, to the effect that a neighbor of the name of Baker, who lived close by, had a good store of winter apples and that if going for a bushel was any object the barricade would be removed. Immediatel}- the apples \\ere forthcoming.

11:e townshijj had se\'en school houses from its earliest histor}', but the flight of years has been attended with a heavy decrease in the number of school children of school age and at the present time there are only four buildings in use. There is a non-commissioned high school at Everton in charge of Sherman Waggoner during the school year 1916-17. The two grade teachers at the same place are Ethel Moore and Frank Scott. The three district school teachers are Grace Newland, Hazel Banning and Edna Lake.