Franklin County, Kentucky - Chapter 17, 1912

The assessed valuation of property for city purposes is generally higher than the assessment on the same property for State and county purposes. The assessed valuation of the re^.d estate in the city of Frankfort for the preceeding year wa<=! $3,225,323.00, and the personal property was assessed at V,.- 640,630.00, making a total valuation of $4,865,961.00. The rate being $1.70 per hundred, the revenue would be $82,721.3 >.

The city spent during the year on the improvement of the streets the sum of $12,425.35, and on the sewers the sum of $3,- 070.00, and for cleaning the streets the sum of $1,298.42. The postoffice receipts for the fiscal year ending March, 1912, were $38,000.00.

An appropriation of $75,000.00 was made at the legislative session of 1912 for the purpose of purchasing a site and erecting a mansion for the Governor. The commissioners selected a beautiful place adjoining the capitol grounds overlooking the Kentucky river and the Louisville and Nashville and the Kentucky Highland Railroads. If the plans for the new building are strictly carried out, it will be in keeping with the new State Llouse and a credit to the State and to all who are connected with its construction.

The Legislature also appropriated $10,000.00 with which to make some needed improvements on the old State House and executive building, it being understood that several departments of the State government are to be removed to the old State building.

On the 13tli of November, 1912, the Arboretum of Kentucky was established. Each of eighty-five counties in the State sent a tree to be planted on the new capitol grounds. An effort will be made to secure a tree from each of the remaining counties. Mr. LI. F. Hillenmeyer, of Lexington, has agreed to complete the arboretum by furnishing such trees indigenous to Kentucky as have not l)cen sent in bj' the counties.

During the present year the Frankfort Water Company has commenced the installation of a filter plant which will cost seventy-five thousand dollars.

The Young Men's Christian Association has just completed a fine building which is located at the South end of the St. Clair street bridge; the building cost about sixty thousand dollars.

Frankfort's seven-story building, erected by the McClure Realty Company, on the corner of Main and St. Clair streets, and which wa.s known as "The McClure Building," has been purcha.sed by The United American Insurance Company and its name has been changed to that of "The United American Building."

A secret benevolent organization known as the Modern Knights of the American Home has also been recently organized in Frankfort. The supreme council is composed entirely of Frankfort citizens. A Widows' and Orphans' Home is to be established at Frankfort. If the plans of these two organizations are carried out the city of Frankfort will be greatly benefited.

The State Journal has purchased a site on Maii; street and it now has under course of construction a large brick building. When completed it will be an ornament, and a great acquisition to the city.

The tobacco industry is one of the greatest in the county. The limestone soil seems especially adapted to the production of the white hurley tobacco; more than twelve hundred acres of it were raised in the county in year 1912.

During the past few years Frankfort has built up a good loose leaf tobacco market. In the year 1909, the T. C. Geary Company sold about two millions of pounds. In 1910 The Farmers' Tobacco Warehouse Company built a large warehouse on Second street and during the year the two houses sold about eight and one-half millions pounds. In the year 1911, the two houses sold a little over five million pounds.

The Burley Tobacco Company is building a large warehouse ©n Holmes street, this building is now nearing completion and in a short time will be in competition with the other two houses. It appears now that the Frankfort market will go above the ten million mark, from the sales of the three houses during the year of 1912. The product has commanded good prices and the sales at this point have been more satisfactory than were those made in other sections of the State.

Some of the largest tobacco companies in the world have had their representatives at Frankfort, buying and shipping to all sections of the country. Among them Avere the American Tobacco Company of Richmond, Virginia; Liggett & Myers Tobacco Company, Louisville, Ky. ; R. J. Reynolds, of Winston- Salem, N. C. ; J.' P. Taylor & Co., of Lexington, Ky. ; W. L.

In the amount of capital involved, a.s represented in the Ituildings, machinery, raw material and labor, combined with the va.-^t stored products, the distillery interest of Franklin County is its largest and most conspicuous industry. The entire outlay embraced in this l)ranch of mamifacture, including the finished goods ripening for the markets of the world in storage barns, represents an investment and valuation of many millions of dollars.

The distinguishing character of the whiskey produced and shijiped from the local distilleries arc classed and recognized in all the markets of the commercial spirit trade, a.s a pure '-'straight whiskey" of the greatest excellence and highest value. It l)elongs exclusively to the sour mash method of distillation. It is boiled and vaporized in copper stills, condensed and received in copper worms and cisterns, and finally aged and ripened in wooden casks which are stored in large dry warehouses. In constituent elements and qualities, this whiskey is wholly unlike the fraudulent imitations or mixtures and compounds which the rectifiers so extensively advertise and sell to those Avho desire cheap goods regardless of quality. The superiority of Franklin County whiskey emanates not only from the character of grain used, the methods of manufacture and the essential elements of perfect maturation, l)ut also from the constituent properties of the water which is used in the manufacture and which is found in the bird's eye limestone formation, peculiar to this region alone.

In fruitiness of flavor, richness of aroma, ripeness of maturity and delicacy of finish, the whiskey of the State Capital and its environs surpasses all other spirit products of grain as a table beverage.

There were some early attempts on Glenn's Creek and at Lee.stown to produce an acceptable article of whiskey, but the structures u.sed were unsuited, the appliances crude, the methods imperfect and the output raw and unfinished as well as insignificant in quantity. It was not until after the close of the

Civil War, about the year 1868, that the growth and development of the distillery business in this county took an origin which has grown into its present magnitude and prosperity. It was then that the foresight, sagacity and energy of Col. Edmund H. Taylor brought him to the front and he became, and has continued to be, a recognized leader in distillery construction, development and improvement. It would be impossible to give an accurate history of the growth and expansion of this branch of county prosperity without mentioning him as a leader in the manufacture of pure whiskey. It was under his personal supervision that the Hermitage, The Old Oscar Pepper, O. F. C, Carlisle and Old Taylor distilleries were established and to him also was due the naming of the brands "Old Taylor," "Old Crow," "Old Oscar Pepper," "0. F. C," and "Carhsle," which have since gained a celebrity, national and international. Col. Taylor was also the most noted advocate before Congress and in the public prints, of the spirit provisions of the pure food laws, and he was one of the first to erect in this locality an establishment for bottling whiskey in bond under that act.

Since 1868 the distillery growth and expansion have been steady and substantial, until today they represent vast plans, with an enormous area of distillery and storage structures filled with costly machinery. The Old Taylor distillery, located on Glenn's Creek, is owned and operated by E. H. Taylor, .Ir. & Sons, Incorporated. Its medieval castle structure, colored tiled roofs, concrete bridges and avenues, its ornamental flower garden, fountain and gold fish basin attract visitors from all sections of the country. The Old Crow distillery plant, owned and operated by W. A. Gaines & Co., Incorporated, is located on the Woodford County line near the mouth of Glenn's Creek. The "Old Crow" brand of whiskey is one of the most noted in the world. A Scotchman, by the name of James Crow, came to Kentucky in 1835, and located on Glenn's Creek where he commenced making whiskey. He was a scientific distiller and he continued in the business until his death in 1856. To him is ascribed the first hand-made sour mash process with the use of spent beer or slop, which owing to its acidity caused the term "sour mash." The same method adopted by James Crow lias Ijecii adhered to by the W. A. (laincs & Co., down to the present time. The popularity of James Crow has been pcrl)etuated in the name ''Old Crow." 80 popular has this whi.'^kcy become, that the company has concluded to withdraw the sale of it in cask and the entire output will now be bottled in Ixind. The Hermitage distillery on the banks of the Kentucky river in South Frankfort is owned and operated by the same firm; it has a capacity of one hundred barrels per day. On the opposite side of the river is the John Cochran or Spring Hill distillery which is operated by the Kentucky Distillers & AVarchouse Co.

The O. F. C. and Kentucky River (formerly Carlisle) distilleries, located at Lcestown on the Kentucky river one and a half miles below the city, are owned and operated by the Geo. T. St^gg Co. The Swastika or Frankfort distillery, on Elkhorn Creek, near Elkhorn Station on the F. & C R. R., is owned and operated b}^ the Baker Bros. One mile west of Frankfort is the Old Judge distillery owned and operated by the S. C. ITcrbst Importing Company. The main offices of these distilleries are nearly all located in the city of 'Frankfort.

The distillery plants embrace an extensive, systematic arrangement of main manufacturing edifices, storage warehouses, grain elevators and cribs, slop drying houses or cattle pens, with establishments for bottling the product under the Pure Food Act of Congress.

The principal edifice enclosing distillery operations are, in most ca.ses, substantially built of brick, stone or wood. The machinery employed in distillation is of modern type and in some cases of very costly construction. The processes vary according to the experience or skill of the operator or to the particular trade want that is sought to be filled. The product is cither a high grade whiskey or it belongs to a cheaper variety, but in no case does it descend to the level in character or quality of the impure and unwholesome output from the neutral spirit factories' and rectifiers' tubs.

The bonded warehouses attached to the distilleries and held under government supervision are appropriated to the care and maturation for market of the barreled product of this large and valuable industry. They cover many acres of ground, are substantially built and have an estimated aggregate capacity for storage of nearly 600,000 barrels. Many of these warehouses are capable of holding from 10,000 to 40,000 barrels each. They are principally of the patent rick variety and arranged with a view to light, ventilation, dryness and facility in the handling of the whiskey stored. The barrels rest on dunnage in tiers, one above the other, each package unburdened by any weight except its own.

The leading feature of this warehouse storage is, that it ripens and perfects the whiskey for market, developing its essential oils and essences. In rectified w^hiskej^ these oils and essences are almost totally absent, so that age gives no improvement and storage is a waste.

The growth of the bottling in bond business, in the past few years, in this county, has been marvelous. Bottling houses are now attached to every distillery and the daily output during the operating season is about 3,000 cases or 36,000 bottles. The whiskey is bottled from bond under government supervision, not less than four years old, and is protected to the consumer in any part of the world, in its proof, age, quantity and genuineness by the unbroken green stamp over the cork of each bottle. This method of bottling in bond has had a depressing effect upon the bottling of impure free whiskies.

The w^hiskey industry of the county gives remunerative employment to hundreds of employees. It furnishes a home market for all surplus grain and it pays, probably, 85 per cent of the local taxes, State, county and municipal.

There are six banks located in Frankfort, the capital stock of which aggregate five hundred and fifty thousand dollars. At the end of the fiscal year, June 29th, 1912, the sworn statements made by the cashiers of the six banks, show that the deposits amounted to the sum of $1,748,454.78. The loans and discounts amounted to $1,983,402.70. The surplus and undivided profits amounted to $201,623.49. The real estate was valued at $73,328:29. The total assets amounted to $3,288,- 673.67.

fort, and it is an enterprise of great benefit to the city and State by its extensive operations. The manufacturing concern of I loge-Montgomery Company is maker of a superior product of all-soHd leather shoes for women, girls and boys. This line of shoes is known far and near for its established values, and has become celebrated for its wearing qualities and the extremely reasonable price at which this dependable and staple footwear is sold. The official personnel of this company is as follows:

The business was established in 1889 and was originally known as the Frankfort Shoe Maiuifacturing Co., but was changed in name in 1905. The capacity of the plant at the time of its inauguration in 1889 was about seven hundred pairs of shoes daily, but it flourished steadily and uninterruptedly, and the plant ha.s been so successively enlarged and improved that at the present time there is a daily output of seven thousand two hundred pairs of well made shoes.

The factory operates every day in the year with the exception of Sundays and legal holidays. The machinery is of the most modern and improved type and the plant is larger than that of any other factory south of the Ohio river.

By contract with the State for a part of the prison labor, the company pays in to the State Treasury more than a quarter of a million dollars annually.

It is understood that this company pays a higher p'-icc than that obtained by any other State in the Union for similar labor, therefore, instead of this penal institution being a burdon to the taxpayers it is more than self-sustaining, after a portion of the hire, as required by law, is set aside for the benefit of the prisoners or their dependent families. In the free labor factory of the company, pleasant and light employment, ai good wages, is afforded to as many Avomen and girls as cati be secured. Although the company has never been able to obtain as much of this class of labor as it would like to employ.

To dispose of the large and steady output of shoes, the company employes a traveling force of thirty-five experienced shoe salesmen. The product of the factory is sold in every State in the Union, from the Atlantic to the Pacific. ''Frankfort Shoes" are known and appreciated throughout the land, being everywhere handled by the largest dealers, and besides, a substantial export trade is being developed.

The ambition of the company is to furnish comfortable shoes, that wear longer and cost less than can be obtained from any other factory in existence, and, as a result of the impetus given by it to the manufacturing industry, Frankfort may in the days to come be known as a great factory city. The Hoge- Montgomery Company has done much to place Frankfort far on the road to such fame.

The Franklin County rural school system has been greatly improved during the past three years. According to the school census of 1912, Franklin County, outside of the corporate limits of the city of Frankfort, has three thousand and eighty-seven children between the ages of six and twenty years. Of these, two thousand eight hundred and seventy-three are white and two hundred and fourteen are colored.

Educational Division number one (Forks of Elkhorn), contains nine sub-district schools; Educational District number two (Peak's Mill), contains fourteen; Division number three (Bridgeport), contains eleven, and Division number four (Bald Knob), contains fourteen.

The farmers of the county are interested in good schools as never before. They are beginning to realize that the money expended in the education of their children is not a cost, but a splendid investment. No part of the school system is more popular than that of the high school. Franklin County has developed this plan better, possiljly, than any other county in the State, having five county high schools. One with a four years' course and four with a two years' course. Tlie schools are so distributed over the county that no pupil will have a greater distance to travel in reaching school than six or seven miles.

The number of pupils matriculated in these high schools in the fall of 1912 is seventy-five, this is a marvelous record when it is considered that the s^'stem is only three years old. This shows that the rural population is very responsive to educational advantages.

The colored population of the county is su sparse that it is ditlicult to handle. The last statistical report shows that the average attendance, based on census, is nearly equal to that of the white children. Unless the tide of migration of this race from the country to the city be lessened, it will be ditlicult to find enough children in any community to sujjport a school. The last census report shows less than half the number of colored pupil children in the county outside of the corporate limits of the city of Frankfort than there were six years prioithereto. At this ratio of decrease it will be but a few years wdien there will be no colored children in the county schools.

The city of Frankfort is now provided with six school buildings for white children and one for colored. The main building is a twenty-eight room structure with all modern conveniences, and is used for the high school and grammer grades. The new building located on the same lot west of the main building contains six rooms, and it is used as a primary building. There is a building in Bellepoint and one on Wilkinson street of four rooms. There was a lot purchased in the summer of 1912, and a nice primarj'^ building erected on Holmes street, at a cost of six thousand dollars. The Exum property on Murray street was purchased in 1012 and converted into a primary school and it is now taxed to its full capacity.

The colored school is located on Clinton street. The schools of Frankfort have grown rapidly during the past few years, the enrollment in 1912 being 1,424, which is a gain of about 400 in the pa.*t five years. The School Board has mot this increase in attendance by providing extra teachers and in- creasing all the educational facilities. The high school has shown the most rapid growth, increasing since 1904, from fortyeight pupils, to one hundred and ninety-three, and the teaching force from three to eight teachers. This is a good indication of the educational progress, for it shows that children are completing their education as far as it can be done in the public school.

Domestic Science and Art, Drawing, Manual Training and Book Binding and the commercial branches have been added to the high school course of study. This course of study has been approved by the Kentucky Southern College Associution, and the pupils are admitted to any university in these associations without examination. A free scholarship is granted to all who enter the State University at Lexington.

The school census of colored children in 1900 was 989, and in 1912 was 554, yet the attendance in 1912 was 66 per cent, based upon enrollment, which was the largest per cent of attendance ever recorded by this school. The per cent of attendance in all of the schools is greater than in any past year, the curriculum of study broader, the interest in education greater and the facilities better than they have ever been.

The State Normal School for colored persons, located in the eastern suburb of Frankfort, is well located upon one of the highest hills which surround the city. The grounds are well drained, with healthful, agreeable surroundings and picturesque scenery. The school was opened in 1887, and has been in operation for a quarter of a century. The State owns a large farm which is run in connection with the school. The State has been very liberal in providing buildings and other facilities for the higher education of the colored race. This school is a part of the common school system of Kentucky and its chief object is to train teachers for the colored common schools of the Commonwealth. It has been productive of great good especially to the colored race.

The following named lawyers were members of the Frankfort bar, located at Frankfort in the year 1912 ; the positions held by each are noted: J. C. W. Beckham, Representative of Nelson County, Speaker of the House, Lieutenant Governor and

Governor of Kentuck5^ J. W. Blackburn, Jr., Assistant Adjutant General with the rank of Major, present Auditor's Agent for Franklin County. Guy H. Briggs, Auditor's Agent, Judge Advocate Gen. with rank of Col. EH H. Brown, Representative of Nelson County, Speaker of the House, Prison Commissioner. James T. Buford, County Attorney, Reprcsentatiye of Franklin County. J. Morgan Chinn, Representative of :Mercer County. Frank Chinn, Master Commissioner of the Franklin Circuit Court. T. II. Crockett, City Attorney, present City Prosecutor. Frank M. Dailey, County Attorney, present City Attorney. T. L. Edelen. Robert B. Franklin, present Commonwealth's Attorney 14th District. James Garnctt, pres^ ent Attorney General. Paul C. Gaines. Robert L. Green, present Clerk of the Court of Appeals. Elwood Hamilton, present Representative of Franklin County. J. II. Ilazelrigg, County Judge of ^Montgomery County, Chief Justice of Kentucky. Dyke Hazelrigg. W. C. ITerndon, City Attorney, present Police Judge of Frankfort. J. Hunt Jackson, Representative of Owen County. W. L. Jett, Supt. of Schools of Franklin County, Police Judge of Frankfort, Master Commissioner of the Franklin Circuit Court, Auditor's Agent, Postoffice Inspector under President Cleveland. J. W. Jeffers, present Master Commissioner of Franklin Circuit Court. L. F. Johnson, County Attorney, Auditor's Agent, Representative of Franklin County. Ira Julian, County Attorney, Representative of Franklin County, Circuit Judge of 14th Judicial District. M. M. Logan, present Assistant Attorney General. J. F. Eockett, Assistant Attorney General. D. W. Lindsey, City Attorney of Frankfort, Col. in Federal Army, Inspector General and Adjutant General of Kentucky. .Tohn B. Lindsey. T. N. Lindsey. D. W. Lindsey, Jr., County .Judge of Franklin County. W. C. Marshall, present County Attorney of Franklin County. L. W. Morris. Charles H. Morris, present Assistant Attorney General. Dulin Moss. Chas. Mason. IE V. McChesney, Supt. of Livingston Public Schools, Supt. of Public Instruction and Secretary of State. Thomas B. McGregor, Assistant Attorney General. Lewis McQuown, Chairman of the Democratic State Central and State Executive Committee. Lewis A. Nuckols,

Representative of Woodford County, Commissioner of the Woodford Circuit Court. Edward C. O'Rear, County Judge of ]\Iontgomcry County, Chief Justice of Kentucky. Thomas H. Paynter, Representative in Congress, Chief Justice of Kentucky, present United States Senator. James II. Polsgrovc, County Attorney, and County Judge of Frankhn County, present Mayor of Frankfort. W. II. Posey, Master Commissioner of Franklin Circuit Court. J. A. Scott, Representative of Frankhn County, Master Commissioner of Frankhn Circuit Court. Robert L. Stout, present Circuit Judge of 14th Judicial District. Samuel A. Thomas. A. C. Vanwinkle. B. G. Wihiams, County Attorney and County Judge of Franklin County. Oscar Wolf. Physicians and surgeons located in Frankfort in 1912: C. W. Anderson (colored), Joseph Barr, R. M. Coblin, J. S. Coleman, C. P. Coleman, 0. B. Demaree, C. A. Fish, Neville M. Garrett, J. W. Hill, Josephine Hoggins, Harlan Ileilman, II. S. Keller, Flora W. Mastin, L. T. Minish, W. L. Montgomery, Thomas R. Moore, Warren ]\Ionfort, John Patterson, 0. H. Reynolds, E. C. Roemele, John G. South, A. Stewart, E. E. Underwood (colored), C. K. Wallace, J. W. Willson and U. V. Williams.

The State Historical rooms, under the care and supervision of Mrs. Jennie C. Morton, Secretary-Treasurer of the State Historical Society, are located on the first floor and in the southwest corner of the new capitol building. For nearly half a century relics and specimens of historical nature have been collected and preserved. At the present time there are several rooms filled with articles of almost priceless value; if destroyed many of them could not be reproduced. If the collection was ]')ropcrly advertised and sold at public sale, it would likely bring more than one hundred thousand dollars.

The collection contains the portraits of all the Governors of the Connnonwealth except three, and efforts are being made to com})lctc the collection. Twenty-nine of these portraits are in oil.

Tlie portraits of General Harrison and Gen. Lafayette arc the most valnaljle in the collection ; they could be sold for $25,- 000.00. In the list of highly appreciated portraits are those of Col. B. H. Young and Col. R. T. Durrett,'of Louisville, and Col. D. Howard Smith and Col. Ambrose Dudley. Some of the oil paintings are those of General John C. Breckinridge, Gen. Zachary Taylor, by Allen, Llenry Clay, painted at Paris, France, after the treaty of Ghent. John G. Carlisle, which is valued at one thousand dollars. George Washington, a copy of Peel's portrait of 1778, Pichard Collins, the historian, and those of the two-greatest poets Kentucky has ever produced, l)oth of whom were citizens of Franklin County, Theodore O'Hara and Henry T. Stanton. The oil paintings of Martin Luther and his wife, which were painted in 1543, are supposed to be the only oil portraits extant of that noted reformer and his wife. The society has a large collection of other oil paintings, such as Simon Kenton making his escape from the Inclians, and the five paintings donated by the city of Philadelphia to the State of Kentucky, and which were brought to Frankfort by a committee of prominent citizens appointed l)y the city of Philadelphia. The paintings are those of Independence Hall, the State House at Philadelphia, the house where Thoma.s Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence, and Carpenters Ilall, where the first Continental Congress wa.s held.

The society, also, has a large collection of books, the most of which treat of historical subjects. An especial effort ha.-' been made to secure histories of Kentucky and Kentuckians. There are thousands of other things which have been collected and which are of great interest to all who love the history and traditions of the Kentucky pioneers.

The Frankfort or State cemetery is located in an ideal place, the grounds include one hundred acres of table land in the suburbs of the city. The contour of the land is sufficiently undulating to furnish a variety of scenery and at the same time sufficiently level for the purpose for which it ha.s been set a.side. The Frankfort Cemetery Company was formed and a part of the land purchased in 1845. The charter which was granted by the Legislature forever restrains the company from dividing any profits. Should any excess of funds arise from the sale of burial lots, or otherwise, beyond the original cost and current expenses of the grounds, it is to be applied to the permanent improvement and emljcllishment of the grounds.

Mr. Robert Carmichael, the first landscape gardener who laid off the grounds and improved them, was engaged for a term of years to superintend them. He was a gentleman of great taste and accomplishments. He was regularly educated to his profession in Scotland. He died July 17th, 1858, and Ava.s buried in the grounds whicli he had done so much to beautify. He was succeeded by Mr. R. H. Nicol, who held the position until his death, eighteen years later. Mr. William Craik was then appointed (1877) and he retained the position until his death in 1904, since which time his son, Henry Craik, has been in charge. The excellent condition in which the grounds are at the present time is a guarantee of his ability to properly discharge the duties of the position.

In the 3^ear 1851 the Legislature of Kentucky passed an act authorizing and directing the Governor of the Commonwealth to purchase from the Frankfort Cemetery Company the lots numbered 131, 132, 143, 144, 154 and 155 ''in which to bury the remains of Kentucky's illustrious dead." The price paid for which was six hundred dollars. These lots arc located some distance south of the State monument and being the lots in which Governors Greenup, Adair and Madison are buried, and where Hart, Eliott and many other noted Kentuckians are to be found. The lots where the State monument and the Johnson monument are located and wdiere the Mexican soldiers are buried were donated by the cemetery company; they are not a part of those purchased by the State.

The Legislature of Kentucky, by act of 1847-8, directed a military monument to be erected in honor of her illustrious dead on the State mound which is located near the center of the grounds and which is more elevated than any other part of the grounds. Mv. Robert E. Launtiz, of New York, one of the most skilled workmen in America, was employed to do tlie work, the most of which was done in Italy. The material was shipped to Frankfort by way of the Mississippi river. A barge was sent to New Orleans expressly for the purpose of rert.'iviiitr it directly from the vessel and it was delivered at Frankfort without the slightest injury.

The monument rests on a base twenty feet square, made of Connecticut granite. Many of the blocks of which the monument is made weighs five tons each, the weight of the whole being more than one hundred and fifty tons. The monument is sixty-five feet high and it cost the State $15,000. The Statue of Victory, which crowns the column, was elevated and placed in position in June, 1849. The material of the monument is the purest and richest monumental marl)le ever brought to America, though it has become discolored in places, caused by the rust of the dowel pins which were used to hold the blocks in place. Some of the blocks are slightly showing the effects of the elements to which they have been exposed for more than half a century, l)ut at the time they were received they were free from all blemishes and were perfectly' uniform in color. This material was imported expressly for the purpose from the celebrated quarry of C. Fabricotti, Carrara.

The statue of victory which crowns the work and the four eagles wdiich guard the corners of the die were sculptured in Italy from models prepared by Mr. Launitz.

The Bass or relief figures on the panels and the coat of arms were sculptured, and the rest of the marble work executed in the studio of Mr. Launitz in New York City.

On the upper base facing the west is the following inscription : "The Principal Battles and Campaigns in Which Her Sons Devoted Their Lives to Their Country," are inscribed on the bands and Ijcneath the same are the names of her officers who fell. The names of her soldiers who died for their connky arc too numerous to l)e inscribed on any column. On the north side of the upper base is a tablet on which is inscribed "Military monument erected by Kentucky, A. D. 1850." On the east side of same is the inscription "Kentucky has erected this column in gratitude equally to her officers and soldiers." Facing the south is the coat of arms of Kentucky with the motto of the State, ''United We Stand Divided We Fall." On the bands are inscribed the names of twenty-two battles, or campaigns, and beneath these bands are the names of eighty-four officers who fell in battle.

There are four cannon located near the monument, two of which were taken from the enemy at the battle of Buena Vista, the other two belonged to the State. On the north side of the State monument is the sarcophagus of Henry Clay, Jr., who was Lieutenant Colonel of 2nd regiment of Kentucky Infantry. He fell at Buena Vista, February 23rd, 1847. Near him, on his left, is that of Cary H. Fry, Major of 2nd Kentucky regiment, and the next one on the left is that of Adjutant G. N. Cardwell, and the last one in that row is that of Col. AV. R. McKee, who also fell at Buena Vista.

A short distance northwest of the State monument is a small marker on which is inscribed ''Capt. A. G. Bacon, 3rd Kentucky Cavalry, U. S. A., killed at Sacramento, Ky., December 28th, 1861 ; aged 42 years." The A. G. Bacon post of the Franklin County G. A. R. was so named for Capt. Bacon. About half way between the State monument and the R. M. Johnson monument is the sarcophagus of "Theodore O'Hara, Ma^or and A. D. C, died June 5th, 1867."

In 1851 the Legislature of Kentucky, by commissioners, contracted with Mr. Robert E. Launitz for the erection of a monument to the memory of Col. Richard Mentor Johnson and for which the State paid the sum of nine hundred dollars. At the time this work was completed it was the most beautiful monumental structure in America and though it has been injured by vandals and the ravages of time, it still shows that a master in his art planned and executed the work. It is located at the extreme southern part of the military lot. It is made of Italian marble, the base is of granite on which is a shaft ten feet tall and four feet square. A good likeness of Col. Johnson is carved on the north side, and cannon are on each corner. On the east side is inscribed: Richard Mentor Johnson, l)orn at Bryant's Station, Kentucky, 1781; died in Frankfort, Kentucky, on the 19th day of November, 1850.

On the west side is the following inscription : "To the memory of Col. Richard M. Johnson, a faithful public servant for nearly a century." As a member of the Kentucky Legislature and Representative and Senator in Congress. Author of the Sunday mail report and of laws abolishing imprisonment for dcl)t in Kentucky and in the United States. Distinguished l)y his valor as a Colonel of a Kentucky regiment in the battle of the Thames. For four years Vice-President of the United Stata«. Kentucky, his native State, to mark the sense of his eminent services in the cabinet and in the field, has erected this monument, in the resting place of her illustrious dead.

The shaft has a flag of stars and stripes around the top, falling to one side and crowned with a large American eagle which holds a laurel wreath in its beak. The work is most excellent and the whole design Ijeautiful beyond description.

The monument of Daniel Boone and Rebecca, his wife, is located on the brow of the hill overlooking the city and the Kentucky river, the panels of which have recently l)een replaced, the new panels being an exact reproduction of the old. The whole monument was practically rebuilt and enclosed by an iron fence to prevent vandals in the nature of relic hunters, from again destroying it. The remains of Ellison Williams, a friend and companion of Boone, were removed from Kenton County to Frankfort by resolution of the Kentucky Legislature. He was buried near the tomb of Daniel Boone on May 21st, 1860, with military honors. Gen. D. W. Lindsey was in charge of the military.

Elizabeth Love, one of the greatest women of pioneer days, and Margaretta Brown, widow of United States Senator John Brown, are buried only a short distance south of the Boone monument.

Inscribed on the John Brown monument is the following: ''Margaretta Brown, wife of John Brown, and daughter of Rev. John Mason and Catherine Vanwick. Born in the city of New York on the 12th of November, 1772; died in Frankfort, Ky., on the 28th of May, 1838. She was eminent for talents, learn- ing, charity, piety and all the virtues that adorn the female character. It should be recorded on her tomb that she organized the first Sabbath School in the Mississippi valley,"

Near the southern portion of the grounds is the last resting place of Joel T. Hart which is marked by a black block of Quincy marble from Quincy, j\Iass., which is nearly square. The top slopes to the east and on which is inscribed, ''Erected to the memory of Joel T. Hart by the State of Kentucky. Born February 11th, 1810 ; died March 2nd, 1<S77." ''Seek him not here but in the stone where he lives in his own art's immortality."

The monument which was dedicated to the memory of the Confederate dead was placed in position and unveiled in the spring of 1892. It stands in the center of the Confederate lot, encircled by the graves of the Confederate dead. The ba.se of the structure is of solid granite. The figure is a statue of James G. Crockett at parade rest. He was a Franklin County soldier in the Confederate army and lost a leg in the defense of the South. In a short time after his return from the war he wa.s elected County Court Clerk of Franklin County which position he held until his death, about 1883. The monument was made of the finest Italian marble, imported from the Carrara quarries, Italy. The statue is six feet in height. The following are the inscriptions on the face of the base :

"To every man upon the earth Death cometh soon or late And how can man die better Than facing fearful odds For the ashes of his fathers And the temples of his God's."

Col. S. F. J. Trabue was a good lawyer and a good citizen He was several times a candidate for Congress in the Ashland district, and he displayed ability as a debater. He was an optimistic land dealer and railroad promoter. He died in December, 1898, at an advanced age.

The remains of Solomon P. Sharp were buried in the old cemetery on the back part of A, C. Henry's place at Thorn Hill in 1825, but were removed to the new^ cemetery about 1850. So also were the remains of Governor Madison buried there and afterwards removed by the State to their present resting place, over which a monument was erected, suit-ably inscribed. Over seven thousand people are buried in the Frankfort cemetery. During the past ten years the average has been one hundred and fifty per year. In the list of noted men buried there, is one Vice President of the United States and eight United States Senators, nine Governors of Kentucky, four ministers to foreign countries, four naval commanders and three United

To give a biographical sketch of all who are buried there, who are worthy of being mentioned and who have done their jDart in making history, would be to re-write a history of Franklin County which would be extended into a history of Kentucky, with many important facts in the history of the nation.

There were statesmen, soldiers and patriots, orators, sculptors and men of letters, in fact they carved for themselves honorable names in nearly every calling and avocation in life.

Women, too, are buried there, who were equally patriotic, who were God fearing, honest and true ; who were warm hearted, generous and affectionate and who acted well their part in the formation of character, and in the training of men. Woman's work has too often been that of '^Martha," but her service was none the less acceptable and necessary for the development, progress, prosperity and happiness of men. She, too, is entitled to the meeds of valor. The most costly monument should be erected to commemorate her virtues and her worth and her grave should be decorated with flowers and the laurel wreath.