Winona County, Minnesota - Biographical sketches (1 of 4 so headed), 1883 (part 1 of 2)

Geo. W. Clark, the oldest pioneer settler of Winona county now living in its limits, was born in Denmark, Lewis county, New York, June 10, 1827. Brought up on tlie old home farm, he received the education commonly obtained in the schools of his section at that day, which was supplemented with two terms at the Lowville Academy, and in the spring of 1851 left home to take up^a|claim in the "far west." Journeying by steam or from Sacket's Har])()r to Lewiston, 'New York ; thence by rail to Buffalo, New York, and from that port to Detroit by steamer, he finally reached New Buffalo, now Grand Ilaven, Michigan, and embarked for Milwaukee. From that city he made his way by team to Dodge ciMinty, Wisconsin, remained there with relatives until October 5 of that year, when, in company with three young men, he turned his face westward, tramped across the county to La Crosse, arriving in that city when the second frame building ever erected there was in course of construction for the firm of Roublee & Smith. Mr. Clark remained there four weeks, then, joining com})any with Silas Stevens and Edwin Hamilton, started up the river for what was then known as Wabasha prairie, the plateau u])on which Winona now stands. Bringing provisions and lumber for a shanty with them, they made their way up stream and finally landed on the bank of the Mississippi, near the present site of the big flou ring-mill, at 1:30 a.m. November 13, 1851. Found Johnson, who had been on the ground ten days, asleep in his cabin, a mile down the river, and turned in with him until dayhght. The next day, Kovember 14, they all went down to the extreme east end of the prairie, drove their stake for a starting point lor claims and began locating homesteads. The claim taken by Mr. Clark was numbered six, and is included in what is now known as Evans addition to the city of Winona. This was a claim of 160 acres fronting one-half mile on the river. That winter he lived on Stevens' claim, and in the following spring, 1852, built a log shanty on the claim he had intended to locate for his brother, but which he actually located for himself, and on which he is still residing. This log house, still standing, he occupied three or four years, then selecting a location some eighty rods nearer the bluff, on the south side the flats, built a two-story dwelling, 22x25, which has since been enlarged to its present dimensions, and in which he has now resided for more than a quarter of a century. This original farm of 160 acres, Mr. Clark has added to by subsequent purchases until the tract embraces a full half-section. The brother, Joseph Clark, for whom the claim was originally taken, came to the prairie in 1852, located his 160 acres where Beck's brewery was afterward built, but only lived until 1851:. He was buried at the foot of the bluff, where Woodlawn cemetery was located years afterward, and thus became the first dweller in that silent city. The property of Mr. Clark was included in the corporation of Winona when the city limits were first established, but was set off by act of legislature the following year. He is the only resident of the township who now owns the land he originally located, and resides upon it. February 11, 1857, Mr. Clark. married Miss Jane Lockwood, of Waupun, Wisconsin, of the Connecticut branch of the Lockwood family, who was born December 4, 1837. They have seven children, all living at home : Frank W., born January 4, 1858 ; Adah L., born January 27, 1860; Jay Scott, born November 4, 1862; Florence E., born July 28, 1868 ; Alfi-ed H., born March 26, 1870 ; Jennie A., born January 25, 1874 ; May, born September 13, 1878. The two eldest were in attendance at the normal school when obliged to discontinue study on account of health. Jay graduated at the high school class of 1881 ; in which were five native born Winonians, and it was the first class in which any such had graduated.

Thomas Jones, farmer, is a Winonian by birth, and has spent all his life in this county, and may certainly be called an old settler. He was born in Winona December 20, 1850. His parents in the spring of 1852 took up a claim in Norton, and Thomas spent his earlier years working on the farm. As he grew older he obtained employment among the settlers in the adjoining township, and worked for some years in Minnesota City. In 1877 he first rented then final]}'' purchased the farm he now occupies in Whitewater. He married Miss Mary Pomeroy in 1876, and has two children : 1'homas Albert and Eliza. He is independent in politics and a Methodist in religion.

William T. White, farmer, was born in Whiting, Vermont, in 1814. At the age of twenty-three he moved to Booneville, Oneida county, New York, where he remained until 182-1, working at the carpenter trade. Here he married a Miss Eliza Cook, who has been his helpmate through life, sharing with him his privations and his ])rosperity. He moved west to Michigan, where he took up a claim near where the present city of Adrian now stands. He remained here until 1850, when he sold his farm and stock for a handsome figure and went farther west prospecting, and chose the Whitewater valley as his future home. He has now one of the hnest farms in the town, and though well advanced in years takes an active part in its management. He is much respected by all who know him, and is looked upon as one of those men whose word is as good as his bond. Until the commencement of the war Mr. White was a strong democrat, but since that time has been a thorough republican.

Alexander Brown. Prominent among the early settlers of Winona county is the name of Alexander Brown. He was born in Perth, Perthshire, Scotland, August 29, 1814, and spent the earlier 3'ears of his life in that place. In 1838 he came to America, and almost immediately came west, settling near St. Croix Falls, which was then in the territory of Wisconsin. In 1851 he came to Whitewater, where he has remained ever since. Mr. Brown has iield many local offices of position and trust, fulfilling their duties with rare tact and ability and to the satisfaction of the public. He was married to Clara E. Hughes in 1845 and has four children, two boys and two girls.

Peter Gorr, one of the earliest settlers of this vicinity, was born in Norton county, Pennsylvania, Februai-y 23, 1814. His parents were Jacob and Elizabeth Gorr, and farmers by pursuit. Peter grew up on the farm and received a common school education. His wife, to whom he was married in 1850, was Lucinda Norton, daughter of Theodore and Mary (Waters) Norton. She is a native of Pennsylvania. The same year they removed to De Kalb county, Illinois ; tlie next they came to Winona county, settling near Homer. At this time there was but one family in the vicinity, that of George Clark. He first settled on Sec. 6, T. 107, E. 6. In the spring of 1S82 he moved to his present place. He is a democrat in politics.

Samuel Edwin Colton, born in Ellsworth, JSTew Hampshire, September 19, 1821. His father, Samuel Colton, was a descendant of Kev. John Colton, one of the first ministers of Boston. Mr. Colton was educated in a high school. His youth was spent on a farm until the age of eighteen, when he went to sea and spent seven years as a sailor, when he went into a foundry and learned the trade of moulder. In 1817 he married Miss Sarah A. Roberts, a native of Maine. Nine children have been born to them, seven of whom are still living, six sons and one daughter. In the spring of 1852 -he joined the '-'Western Farm and Tillage Association" and removed to Minnesota, where they arrived May 3, 1852, near the present location of Minnesota City, where he has remained ever since engaged in farming. At the organization of Winona county Mr. Colton was elected judge of probate, justice of the peace and one of the assessors, and is one of the justices of the peace at the present time, and has served as a member of the school board about lialf the time since his arrival here in 1852. Mr. Colton is a member of the I.O.O.F., also chief templar of the I.O.G.T. Up to 1861 Mr. Colton was in politics a democrat, since that time he has been a republican.

Daniel Q. Burley, born September, 1821, in Caledonia county, Vermont ; parents born in New Hampshire ; removed to New Hampshire with his parents when a child ; received a common school education, and remained on a farm till the age of twenty-two years, when he went into a cotton-factory and worked three years. At the age of twenty-four years he married Miss Naomi Randlett, of New Ham])shire ; removed to Quincy, Massachusetts, in 1846 and learned the trade of stone-cutting, which he followed for five years ; removed back to New Hampshire and remained there until he joined the "Western Farm and Village Association" and came out with the first colony to Minnesota City on May 18, 1852. His family remained behind, but joined him in about two and a-half years, Mrs. Burley died in 1856, when he married Ann Rowley, a native of England, who is still living. Mr. Burley, in 1863, enlisted in Co. B, 7th reg. Minn. Inf , and participated in all the battles in which that regiment was engaged until the close of the war.

when lie was discharged. Mr. Burley has had eight chihh-en, live of whom are still living. Mr. Burley owns about 375 acres, which is in Sec. 35, T. 108, R. 8.

Uarkison B. Waterman was born in Wooster, Otsego county, New York, January 2, 1820. After receiving a common school education he entered Hard wick Seminary, and afterward Cazenovi'a Seminary, where he graduated. Studied law with Gen. Burnside seven years, and was admitted to the bar of the supreme court in 1844, practiced law until 1852, "when he joined the "Western Farm and Village Association " and removed to Minnesota, arriving at Wabasha prairie (now Winona City) May, 1852. Mr. Waterman was married to Miss Mary E. Fuller, November 1, 1851. Mrs. AV-jiterman's mother was cousin to the late Hon. Salmon P. Chase, chiet-justice of the United States at the time of his death. J\[rs. Waterman was born in the State of New York, October 28, 1828. Nine children have been born to them ; three boys and two girls are still living. The eldest daughter, Clara, is at present, and has been for the past four years, a teacher in the public high school in Winona. In politics Mr. Waterman is a republican, and is a member of the Episcopal church at Winona.

James Wkight, one of the first settlers of Rolling Stone township, was born in England in 1818 ; removed to the United States in 1831 ; lived in New York city, working at his trade of wood turning, until 1852, when he joined the '" Western Farm and Village Association," and came to Rolling Stone township in the spring of 1852, and settled on the farm on which he now lives. Mr. Wright was married in New York in 1840 and has had ten children, five of whom are now living, four sons and one daughter. Three of his sons enlisted in the war of the rebellion ; one son, Randolph, was killed at the battle of Gettysburgh. Mr. Wright offered himself for enlistment, but was rejected on account of disability. At the organization of the township in 1858 Mr. Wright was elected township clerk, an office he has held ever since. He owns the S.W. i of S.E. i Sec. 2, T. 107, R. 8.

Edward B. Drew was born in Steuben county. New York ; received a common school education and remained on a farm until the age of twenty-two years, when he removed and settled on the Wabash, in the State of Indiana. After remaining there two and a-half years, enduring all the horrors of the ague, Mr. Drew set out in search of a more healthy location, and arrived at Minnesota City in the spring of 1852, and from thence removed to the farm upon which he now resides, about two miles west of Minnesota City. Mr. Drew was married to Miss Sarah A. Meddie, who died in Rolling Stone township in 1868. Mr. Drew has been a very prominent man in the township, having held many county offices and represented the county twice in the legislature. He is a democrat m politics, but has always received the sufirages alike of all political parties, and, if he would only accept, could be elected to any public office in the gift oi the citizens ot the county. Mr. Drew owns about 700 acres oi land, and can be counted as one of the successful farmers of Winona county.

Orville Morell Lord was born in tlie town of China, in what is now Wyoming county, New York, April 20, 1826. His father, Stephen Sherman Lord, was born in Saratoga county in 1778, and his mother (before marriage Caroline Badger) was born in Cayuga county in 1808. Their parents on both sides were from Tolland and Hartford counties, Connecticut. Mr. Lord's parents moved to Dunkirk, Chatauqua county. New York, in 1831. In 1837 the family moved to Lapeer county, Michigan, town of Metamora. Their father was a blacksmith, but they cultivated a small farm. Mr. Lord, the subject of this sketch, attended school winters in the district in which they lived until he was seventeen, when he went one term of three months to a select or private school in Pontiac, Michigan. He taught district school winters until he was twentytwo. He married in 1848, and has since been engaged in farming. His wife's maiden name was Martha E. Deming, of Oxford, Oakland county, Michigan. They have had seven children, five boys and two girls, three boys and one girl are now living. They removed to Minnesota in 1852. Mr. Lord was a member of the territorial legislature in the winter of 1853-4, and again in the winter of 1873-4. He was appointed county superintendent of schools for Winona county, September 25, 1875, and has held this office continuously since.' In politics he has always been identified with the democratic party. He has never been connected with any organization except

Robert Thorp was born in Lincolnshire, England, December 31, 1809. I^eceived a common-school education ; worked on a faiTO in early youth, and learned the trade of blacksmith, at which he worked until his emigration to the United States in 1832, and followed his trade in New York city until he joined the "Western

Farm and Village Association " in 1852, and came to Minnesota with the first colony. Lived in Minnesota City about three vears, when he removed to S.E. ^ of Sec. 5, T. 107, K. 8, on which he has since lived. Mr. Thorp is a republican. Has held the office of county supervisor, township treasurer, and various other minor offices. Was married in New York city, in 1838, to Miss Elizabeth McCallister, a native of Ireland, whose parents were of Scotch descent. The fruit of this marriage were eight children, four of whom are still living ; two of his sons enlisted, r.ne in the 1st and one in the 11th reg. Minn. Inf.

Laukenc*: Delworth, born in Ireland in the year 1815. He emigrated to the United States in 1841 and settled in Washington county, New York, where he engaged in farming. He joined the " Western Farm and Village Association," and removed to Minnesota City in 1852. Lived in Minnesota City about one year, when he removed to the farm on whicli he now lives, being in Sees. 21 and 22, T. 107, R. 8. Was married November 24, 1845, to Miss Mary Fitzgibbon, a native of Ireland. Six children have been born, five of whom are still living. Mr. Del worth and wife are members of the Catholic church. Politically Mr. Delworth is a democrat. He owns 200 acres of most excellent land. He has, from the first, attended strictly to farming and has made it pay.

Michael Majerus' name should rank among the fu'st of the old settlers who made a home in the beautiful Whitewater valley. In 1852 he hinded at the mouth of the Whitewater on the Mississijipi and followed the windings of the stream until he found a spot he thought would suit. There he built himself a shanty, and there he has since remained. The shanty gave place to a commodious log house, which has, in its turn, given place to one of the handsomest brick residences to be found in the valley. Mr. Majerus is a man of marked strength of purpose, and he has his own row" through life, and can look back at its struggles and triumphs with well-earned satisfaction. Mr. Majerus is a (i-erman, born in 1828, came to America in 1851, was married in Germany, and has a family of seven children. He is a Lutheran and a republican.

John Nevill, son of Patrick Nevill, was born in Sullivan county. New York, January 15, 1844. Patrick Nevill, his father, was born in Limerick, Ireland, a.d. 1704. Came to America when he was seventeen years old and settled in Montreal, Canada, where he was mari-ied; he then removed to the United States and settled in Sullivan county, New York ; was naturalized in 1841, and while there the subject of this sketch was born; came to Minnesota in 1852, and was the fii'St white settler in the town of Wilson. Died January 5, 1882. John Nevill was but a mere boy when his father landed in Minnesota, but has some vivid recollections of the hard times endured by the early pioneers. He had two brothers, James and JN^apoleon, who came to Minnesota, but both are now dead, John being the only survivor ^f his family. He enlisted in the army in 1861, joining Co. B, 2d Minn. Inf , under Capt. Markham, and partici] )ated in all battles in which his regiment was engaged. Was in the battles of Mill Springs, Nashville, Pittsburgh landing, Corinth, Kenesaw Mountain, Chickamauga and Missionary Ridge ; served over three years ; went with Gen. Sherman to the sea ; was in all the principal battles of that memorable campaign; lost only thirty days' duty during liis term of enlistment ; he was one of the soldiers who did actual service, prompt in the discharge of all liis duties. After coming home from the war he settled down on his farm in Pleasant Valley. Mr. ISTevillis married, but the union never having been blest with children, he has adopted two. Mr. Nevill is an active, hardworking man, taking a lively interest in all practical matters ; has helped organize and develop the town, is now one of the town supervisors. He owns a beautiful farm five miles from the city of Winona in Pleasant Valley ; is a democrat in politics and Catholic in religion.

John Valentine (deceased) was born in Ireland, in 1799. He was early apprenticed to the shoemaker's trade and worked for many years at it previous to his emigrating to America. He landed at New Orleans in 1849, where he remained several years, then going to Galena, Illinois. In 1853 he pre-empted land in Rolling Stone. He came first, leaving his family in Galena, who followed him two years after. Pie was one of the very first in the township to take up land. He was married in 1834 to Miss Charlotte Jones, by whom he has had six children, five of whom are living. Though somewhat advanced in years when he took up his claim in the township, nevertheless he was considered one of the most energetic and enterprising of the pioneers. He belonged to the Episcopal body, and was a democrat in political opinion. He died after a prolonged illness, and is buried in the Protestant burving-ground at Minnesota City.

and opeiUMl up a fanii in Winona county. He was born in Meiselburg, Scotland, ( )ctober 21, 1810. At six years of age he began work at the shawl hwms, for which Paisley is so famous. His father was a soldier, and his mother died when he was but sev^en years old. He continued his labor in the manufacture of shawls until eighteen years old, and then came to America, arriving in Montreal in April, 1829. Proceeding to Lowell, Massachusetts, he found employment in the factories <jf that city, where his knowledge of weaving served him well. Here he was married in September, 1832, to Mary Stinson, born near Sterling, Scotland, January 25, 1805 ; she was a faithful helpmeet and mother till her death, which took place at St. Charles, May 27, 1873. In 1836 Mr. Davidson went to Thompson vdlle, Connecticut, and was employed fourteen years in a carpet factory there. Here his father, Walter Davidson, who had joined his son in the new world, died. In 1848 Mr. Davidson removed to Clayton county, Iowa, and engaged in farming. Early in the spring of 1853 he set off up the Mississippi on a prospecting tour, and landed on Wabasha prairie, now the site of Winona, on April 6. Setting out on foot with a compass for companion, by the 10th he had selected his location on Sec. 10, in this township, and removed his family here the following June. He was prominent in the organization of the county, and was one of its board of commissioners from 1855 to 1857 ; was one of the delegates to the convention wliich nominated Gov. Ramsay. The first road in the county led westward from Winona, past Mr. Davidson's place, and was called the Davidson road, and many a tired and hungry prospector had reason to be grateful for "Mother" Davidson's hospitality. The first election in the county was held at Mr. Davidson's house in 1854. At this election but one deinocratic vote was cast ; George Thorn walked twelve miles to deposit that. Mr. Davidson was one of the original republicans, having formerly adhered to the whig party. He was reared in the PresV)yterian church, and was a member of that church while a society existed at St. Charles, being an elder therein. He is a member of the St. Charles Lodge and Cha])ter, A. F. and A. M. Six children were reared in this family, and have been a stay to their parents. Herewith is appended their record of births, etc : Elizabeth, March 17, 1834, married H. Lybarge, as elsewhere noted below, and with whom her fjither makes his home ; Walter, May 12, 1836, married Annie Anderson and i-esides in San Francisco ; William, July 18, 1838, married Mary E. Yarr and resides near Waseca; Robert W., January 25, 1841, married Ellen E. Jones, lives in Pipestone county, this state ; John D., Maj-cli, 1843, married Abby Yandewalker and is now living near Waseca; Mary G., July 21, 1846, married Charles Brewer and dwells at Atkinson, Nebraska.

WiLLi.oi Petheram, farmer, is one of the pioneer settlers of Winona county, having taken a claim in the Gilmore valley, near Winona, in July, 1853. He was born at Chapel Allerton, Somersetshire, England, June 25, 1822. He attended the rate school of his parish till sixteen years old, and was then employed as a laborer. In 1848 he came to America and spent one year in Canada at carpenter work; he then removed to Burlington, Wisconsin, where he was employed at building operations in that then-growing town, assisting in the building of two mills on Fox river there. In the spring of 1851 he went to Dubuque, Iowa, where he was still employed as a carpenter. He was married there April 16, 1853, to Miss Emily Day, who was born in Ware, Somersetshire, May 22, 1834. He came to Winona, as above noted, and lived the first year within the city, then a very small hamlet of six or eight buildings, where he labored at hi& trade. After spending a year on his first claim, where the Gilmore valley brickyard is now located, he came to St. Charles in December, 1855, buying 160 acres of land on Sec. 22. He now has 187 acres, of which all but thirty have been broken ; also has a quarter-section at Wentworth, Dakota. Mr. Petheram is a democrat, and somewhat skeptical in religious matters. Six children are included in his flock, the eldest being the third child born in Winona. Their births date as herewith noted : John E., September 3, 1854, married Hattie J. Talbot and lives at Westport, D. T.; Elizabeth T., January 12, 1856, married Duane Wilmarth and resides at Wentworth, Dakota ; Louisa J., August 15, 1859 ; Arthur C, March 6, 1861, now living at Wentworth ; William W., March 4, 1865 ; Frank M., March 2, 1871. Mr. Petheram saw many of the hardships common to pioneer life. He came here with little capital and depended on his labor for a livelihood. During the first winter his potatoes were frozen, and the familv were compelled to eat them or go without. In the winter of 1856-7 he spent four days and incurred an expense of nearly ten dollars in going to mill at Preston, twenty-five miles distant ; his grist of twenty-five bushels was scarcely worth the expenses of the trip at the market rates of that time.

Luke Blair, farmer, land located in See. 29, St. Charles township, and consists of 187 acres, principally oak openings. This farm was purchased by Mr. Blair in the fall of 1873, and the yield i)er acre ior the season ot 1882 was of barley thirty bushels, oats lifty bushels, corn fifty to fifty-five bushels, and hay two tons. Mr. Luke Blair is one of the pioneers of Winona county, and has been a resident of the state nearly thirty years. A native of Ware, Massachusetts, he came into Van Rensselaer county, New York, with his parents, at four vears of age, and from there to Wisconsin in 1846. After residing; for seven years in Racine and Columbia counties, in that state, Mr. Blair came into Minnesota, looking for more land upon which to settle his family, and on September 12, 1853, made his claim to three quarter-sections of land lying principally within what is now Sec. 2, Saratoga township. The one-fourth section pre-empted for himself by Mr. Blair was the N.W. I of Sec. 2, and this claiin was proved up and a deed taken from tlie government April 2, 1857. The other one-half section was taken for his sons C^harles and John L. Mr. Luke Blair spent the winter of 1853-4 in Winona, dealing to some extent in provisions, and the following spring built a storeroom and opened business on the southwest corner of Center and Second streets. This business he sold the following fall to Jacoby & Co., and moving out to his claim in Saratoga township spent the winter there. The following spring, 1855, he built his barn, aframe structure 16x24 feet with 14-foot posts, and a frame kitchen 16x24 feet with 8-foot posts, and these were the first frame buildings erected in Saratoga township. In February, 1856, Mr. Blair returned to Winona, and, entering into partnership with Mr. Burr Deuel, opened a store on the levee at the foot of Center street. Continued in business here one year, then returned to his farm in Saratoga township, which he managed three years. , Early in 1860 he again removed to Winona, built a store on the corner of Second and Center streets, where the Second National Bank now is; moved into it that same spring with a large stock of goods, and was in trade there at the breaking out of the war of 1861-65, when, fearing depression in business, he removed his stock of goods to Preston, Fillmore county, Minnesota, the more readily to dispose of them, which having done he. returned that same fall, 1861, to his Saratoga farm, and remained there until his removal to his present property in 1874. The old homestead remained in his possession until the spring of 1882, when it was sold to Thomas H. Wilson, Esq., of Winona. October 17,

1830, Mr. Luke Blair married Margaret Wiltse, who died November 10, 1874. Of these three children, all boys, and residents of Winona county, Calvin is at home. Charles resides on his old pre-emption in Saratoga and John L. is a resident of St. Charles. February 15, 1876, Mr. Blair married Mrs. Mary S. Wooley, of Fremont township, Winona county, who pre-empted a farm there in 1857, and resided upon it until her marriage to Mr. Blair.

Wakren Kowell was born in New Hampshire, December 28, 1818 ; was the sixth son of the Hon. Charles Kowell. He married in 1844, and landed in Homer township in 1853. Mr. Kowell belongs to the Advent Christian church, and is a democrat in politics. Warren Kowell took the claim where he now resides in April, 1853. He has a beautiful farm consisting of 240 acres of land, with pure spring water, which flows through the yard. He designs making stock-raising his principal business hereafter. He brought the first horse team, first yoke of oxen and first cow into the valley. Always at his post of duty, though not a leader, it can be truly said he was a worker actively engaged in all good work, faithful to his Master's cause, ever sustaining his wife in her ministerial life, con tributing largely to the temperance and Sunday-school work, and, by his industry and frugality upon the farm, furnished the means to give his family a collegiate education, which he made not by speculation, but by the sweat of his brow.

Mrs. Kuth M. Kowell. In connection with the early history and settlement of the town of Homer, there is no name, perhaps, that figures more prominently than that of Mother Kowell. Born of illustrious parents, reared and educated in all that pertains to true womanhood, inheriting from her ancestors those great moral and religious traits of character which enabled her in after-years to wield such an influence in the vsdlds of the west that unborn generations will yet feel. Mrs. Kowell embraced religion at the very early age of nine years; joined the Advent Christian church; was married in New Hampshire, June 9, 1844, and removed with her husband, Warren Kowell, to the town of Homer in 1853, and commenced the ministry in 1856. Her father was the notable Judge Cogswell, of New Hampshire. Her mother was the daughter of Col. Anthony Peavey, and were both ministers of the gospel. It Was said of her grandmother, Elisabeth Peavey, that she was a mother in Israel, as she had seven children who were ministers. She was the sister ot the mother of Yice-President Wilson. The education of the people in christian and moral principles has been the life-work of Mrs. Rowell ; but few women, indeed, could stand to do the amount of missionary work that she has done, and nothing but a strong willpower, su]iported by sustaining influence of an all-wise Providence and the convictions of right could have sustained her in the ])erformance of the amount of physical labor required of her in attending to her itinerant life's woi-k ; always ready at a little warning to go to the sick-room and soothe the dying with words of cheer, preaching the funeral sermon and attending the last sad rites of the dead, speaking words of hope and consolation to the living, then again in the rostrum or pulpit, explaining the great mysteries of salvation through Christ ; and when we reflect that she has done all this at great pecuniary sacrifice to herself, we must conclude she is a sincere worker in the Master's cause. She has had the charge of the Advent Christian church in Winona, and now is in charge and the regular pastor of the church at Utica. Besides her ministerial duties, she has given birth and raised to honor five children, two of whom are now dead. The eldest, Mary Adeline, graduated in the normal school in Winona, taught three years in the district schools in the city, and also taught in the Collegiate Institute at Red Wing. She married an estimable gentleman of that place, and now resides there. Her second child, Fred C. , is also a graduate of the normal school at Winona. He taught successfully several district schools. Married an accomplished young lady in Pleasant Valley, by the name of Anna M. Preston, and now lives upon the farm with his father. Her third child, Annie E., was also a highly educated young lady, was also a teacher, and for her amiable qualities was very highly respected. She married Mr. E. G. Lord, son of the county superintendent, O. M. Lord. But their earthly lives were soon cut short, she dying in a little over a year, leaving an infant son, and he soon followed, both dying of consumption. The fourth child died at the age of thirteen months. The fifth and last, Warren C.j is now attending the city schools at Red Wing, and is a very promising boy, and expects to graduate next year. Who can say that Mrs. Rowell has not done her part in the christian work and development of Winona county, and in the education of the youth in all those virtues that adorn society and forms the palladium of our civil and religious liberties ? May her life be spared to continue the good work.

land, January 19, 1826. He was very early placed at service with farmers, and had no educational advantages. At thirteen years of age he was employed by a butcher, with whom he remained tiU twenty-two. In 1848 he crossed the Atlantic, and settled on a farm at Dyersville, Iowa. He was married there on July 9, 1851, to Eliza Day ; she was born in Ware, Somersetshire, England, March 12, 1830. In June, 1854, Mr. Persons removed to St. Charles and secured 160 acres of land on Sec. 22, where William Petheram now dwells. This he shortly sold to its present occupant, and bought a farm on Sec. 4, which he has since sold, and bought other farms in the same neighborhood, living for some time on Sec. 3. He now has eighty acres on Sec. 15, where he has lived for the past live years. Mr. and Mrs. Persons were reared in the Episcopal church, to which they still adhere. Mr. Persons always votes the democratic ticket. Ten children were reared to maturity or are now living in this family, and one died in infancy. Here is the record of births, marriages and deaths: Edwin G., born May 12, 1852, married Lucy Hardwick, and is living on Sec. 5 ; Albert C, born October 24, 1853, married Flora Slater, and lives at Laverne, Minnesota; John F., born January 9, 1855, married Cora M. Gilman, and died at St. Charles, February 2, 1882, leaving two children ; Ellen, born July 8, 1856, married Henry L. Green, and resides in the city of St. Charles; Matilda, born December 7, 1858, married Ossian L. Wilder, dwelling on Sec. 16; George D., born March 3, 1860, makes his home with parents ; Laura E., born March 29, 1863, lives in St. Charles; Minnie, born January 17, 1865 ; Arthur A., born June 18, 1869 ; Bessie, born May 9, 1873.

William Talbot, farmer, was born in West Penard, Somersetshire, England, May 13, 1821. He was reared on an English dairy farm, and had few educational advantages. In 1849 he emigrated to America and spent two years in the dairy region of central ISTew York. In 1851 he went to Dubuque county, Iowa, where he tilled rented land. En 1854 he came to Winona county and located 160 acres of government land on Sec. 14, where his home now is. Keturning to Iowa in 1857, he was married there on October 1 of that year, to Miss Martha E. Baker ; she was born in Burn ham, Somersetshire, August 17, 1830. Mr. Talbot at once began housekeeping on his farm, and has ever since dwelt thereon ; he now has 270 acres of land, of which forty acres are covered with timber, the balance being under the plow. In religious belief the family are

Second Adventists. Mr. Talbot has always voted the republican ticket in national and state elections. Five children of this family are now living ; born as below indicated : Harriet J. , July 2, 1860, married John Petheran, and lives at Westport, Dakota ; Agnes M., February 2, 1862 ; Annie E., November 1, 1865 ; Jesse W., February 13, 1871 ; Cora E., August 9, 1872.

George B. Talbot, farmer, is a brother of the above, and was born in the same place, October 15, 1846. He came with his parents to Dubuque county, Iowa, in 1852, and thence to St. Charles in the spring of 1855. He received no schooling till he was fifteen years old, after which he attended six winter terms of three months each, being one of the first pupils in the log schoolhouse which stood near his father's farm. He assisted his father till of age, and afterward tilled the land in partnership with an elder brother. In 1874 the property was divided between the two brothers, George taking 160 acres on Sec. 26, on which he has since resided. A part of his present residence was that year erected, and a part in 1882. He now has 210 acres of land, of which forty on Sec. 27 is timbered ; he has a handsome farm and dwelling, and is prepared to enjoy life. He was married March 11, 1874, to Mary A., relict of G. W. Gibbs, daughter of Robert and Hannali Whitting ; she was born in Somersetshire, August 20, 1841. Mr. and Mrs. Talbot are supporters of and attendants on religious services. He is a republican. Two children have been given to them, as follows: Hannah A., April 11, 1877 ; Ada M., May 30, 1879.

"William M. B.vrker, farmer, is a grandson of Asa Barker, who emigrated from England at the outbreak of the revolutionary war to assist the colonists ; he was present at the battle of Bunker Hill, and served till the close of the war, after which he settled in Maine. Here was born to him a son whom he christened William. Samuel Davis, a Scotch highlander, who served seven years under Washington, participating in fourteen battles, also settled in Maine at the close of the war ; his daughter, Susan, was one of three children boi'u in Fort Gorham during a war with the local Indians. On reaching maturity William Barker and Susan Davis were married and settled on a farm in Bridgeton, Cumberland county, where was born to them the subject of this sketch, on July 24, 1820. He attended the common school till fifteen years old and then spent a year at Gorham Academy. Wlien sixteen he was apprenticed to a carpenter, and followed that trade till he came to Minnesota. In

1846 he went to Illinois, where he spent seven years in depotbuilding and other railroad work. He was a passenger on the first trip of the War Eagle up the Mississippi in 1853, and landed at Winona at three o'clock on the morning of April 7. His first claim to government land was made on Sec. 15, in the town of St. Charles ; this he sold, and subsequently bought a farm on Sec. 36, Elba. He was married June 27, 1865, to Maria, daughter of Austin and Polly Raymond, of Oneida county, New York ; she was born in Camden, New York, in June, 1823 ; at the time of this marriage she was the widow of Pierson Everton. Mrs. Barker died on January 31, 1878 ; after her death Mr. Barker sold his farm and purchased forty acres on the same section, which he now tills ; he also tills adjoining land on Sec. 1, St. Charles, on which he resides. He never left the state after his first settlement here until December, 1882, when he went to the Wisconsin pineries and spent the winter. Mr. Barker built the first frame house erected in St. Charles for Henry Clipper, in 1855. In religious belief he is a Methodist ; in politics, was a democrat till the war of the rebellion, and is now a greenbacker. Following is the record of Mr. and Mrs. Everton's children : Jane married James Annis, and lives in northern Minnesota ; Henry resides in Winona ; Janet is living in the town of St. Charles ; Alfred is in New Mexico ; Ida married George Raymond and lives in Kansas ; Emma E. is married and lives in Winona.

Thomas C. Baek, farmer, was born in Scotland, June 2, 1829. He was the youngest of a family of seven children. His parents died before he was thirteen months old, and at six years of age he was compelled to begin laboring in a shawl factory; here he remained till fifteen years old, when he went on a farm and remained till of age. On reaching his majority Mr. Barr emigrated to America and spent four years at farm labor in Illinois. In the fall of 1851 he came to Minnesota and took up a quarter of Sec. 5 in St. Charles township, on which he still resides. By subsequent purchase he has acquired 180 acres in the adjoining township of Elba, and tills over 200 acres of land; his farm is well improved with buildings and all that goes to make a comfortable farmer's home. On- July 2, 1860, he married Phillis Talbot, who was born in Somersetshire, England, December 27, 1838. Himself and wife are members of the St. Charles Congregational church. Mr. Barr is a republican, but does not meddle in political affairs. He served his school district as treasurer for seven years. By patient industry he has made

Hezekiah Lybarger, farmer, was bom in Danville, Knox county, Ohio, February 18, 1821. His father was a blacksmith, and he was very early set to work in the shop and had no educational advantages. At nineteen years of age he set out for himself in the world and continued to follow his trade tor three years, after which he took up farm labor. In 1848 he went to Alamakee county, Iowa, where he secured land and engaged in farming. Here he married Elizabeth Davidson, whose parentage is elsewhere given above ; their wedding occurred March 17, 1853. During this year Mr. Lybarger visited St. Charles and the next year removed here with his family and took up 160- acres of government land on Sec. 9, where he has ever since resided. He is a member of St. Charles grange and a republican ; religious belief corresponds with that of the Methodist church. Mrs. Lybarger was formerly a Presbyterian, but since the dissolution of that church at St. Charles has joined the Congregational church at the same place. Five living children are included in the family, born as herewith given: William D., May 12, 1854, married Urilla Davidson, and is now living at Watertown, Dakota Territory; Ellen K., November 9, 1856, married James R. Pringle, and lives in the adjoining township of Dover; Lewis H., August 23, 1859; Mary I., December 23, 1864; Fred H., January 5, 1871; Charles and Alice P., born in 1867 and 1875, respectively, died in early infancy.

LvMAN D. Cox, one of the leading citizens, and a pioneer of the county, was born in St. Lawrence county, Xew York, April 2, 1826. His parents were Benjamin and Mary Bowman Cox. His great grandfather was a native of Hardwick, Massachusetts, as was his father. The great-grandfather was an officer in the revolution, and the grandfather served as an aid to him. The latter in after-years had command of the forces stationed at Fort Defiance, Vermont. Thev are a race of farmers. The grandfather removed from Hard- wick to Barnard, Vermont, and was among the early settlers in that vicinity. Tlie tather, Benjamin, was reared on a farm, and received a meager education. Plis mother was of Scotch descent. The father went to St. Lawrence county, New York, in 1818, at the age of twenty-one years, but soon returned to Barnard, and was married. Soon after his marriage he returned to St. Lawrence county, and took up his residence. Here Lyman grew up on his father's farm. At the age of twenty-six, he left St. Lawrence county and went to IndianapoHs, Indiana, where, on June 3, 1853, he wedded Miss Esther Cox, a daughter of Aurin and Hortense Cox. She was a native of Windsor county, Vermont, having been born there January 3, 1832. Mr. Cox remained at Indianapolis for one year, where he followed the business of a butcher. In 1854 he came to Winona county on a prospecting tour, and laid claim to the S.W. i of Sec. 8 in Saratoga township. He went back to Indianapolis and remained during the winter, and in the spring of 1855 came west again and began to improve his claim. In the autumn following his family came on, and the family were reunited. Here they have since lived and wrought. Mr. Cox owns a fine farm of nearly four hundred acres. He is a member of Evergreen Lodge of Masons, No. 46 ; a republican in politics, and was for a number of years president of the board of supervisors for Saratoga township.

Alexander Gilmore, farmer, has been a resident of St. Charles since August, 1854, at which time he made a claim on 160 acres of land on Sec. 9. In 1860 he sold a part of his original claim and bought fourteen acres on Sec. 4, where his present residence stands. His'^farm includes 156 acres of finely improved land, graced with buildings such as one expects a tidy farmer to have. Mr. Gilmore was born in Nielston Parish, Scotland, September 27, 1825 ; he was reared on a farm and attended the parish school. On Christmas day of 1848 he married Susan Barr, who was born in Paisley, June 9, 1826. A brother of Mr. Gilmore, after whom Gilmore valley, near Winona, was named, having died there in 1854, the subject of this sketch came to America to look after his property, and settled here as above noted. He was reared in the Presbyterian church, but has been connected with no religious body since his residence here. Mrs. Gilmore is a member of the St. Charles Congrc- gational church. Mr. Gihnore has been either clerk or treasurer of his school district for over fifteen years, but would never accept any town office ; he has always been a republican. The family includes nine living children, who came into it at dates here given : Allen, Februai-y 28, 1849, and Thomas B., September 21, 1850, both living at Dayton, W. T. ; Elizabeth, August 22, 1852, married George Pike and lives in Utica township; Christina, June 13, 1856, resides with eldest brother; Maggie W., March 3, 1858, married George E. Masters and lives at De Smet, D. T. ; Alexander, January 29, 1860, resides near two elder brothers ; Agnes, October 19, 1861 ; William H., July 14, 1863; Susie B., April 20, 1866.

Terence, son of Thomas and Mary (O'Flannigan) McCauly, was born in northern Ireland, province of Ulster, County Donegal, on February 5, 1822. His father, Thomas McCauly, was born in 1786 in the same town and house. His (Terence's) grandmother on his mother's side, by name Anna McPhelim, was born in 1742. She was a highly educated woman, and accomplished much good in the country where she lived. Her father, Terence's great-grandfather on his mother's side, was Dennis McPhelim, who was born in 1697. He also' was highly educated. His (Terence's) father, Thomas McCauly, was in the revolution of 1798 in Ireland. After the English took possession of Ireland he was banished to the hill country of Ireland, where he remained several years. After his term of banishment had expired he returned to his native county, and in the month of August, 1852, he embarked for America. He first settled in Vermont, eight miles from Burlington. He farmed here until 1854, when he left Vermont and came to Dresbach, Minnesota. December 20, 1854, he bought a farm here, on which he lived the remainder of his days. Terence McCauly, the subject of this Siogra[)hy, landed in the United States July 8, 1848. He lived at or near Burlington, Vermont, for six years and then emigrated to Minnesota. October 26, 1854, he landed at La Crescent. He bought land in McCauly's valley in T. 104, R. 5 W., Sec. 31. Mr. McCauly was a justice of the peace of his township for twelve years ; was the cause of bringing twenty-two families to this state, many of them settling in this county. Mr. McCauly is a man of rare ability, both natural and acquired. Though accustomed to manual labor, he has always found time to read and acquaint himself witli both past and present events. He is well informed on ancient and modern history. But few are better acquainted with the history of their church than he with his (Catholic). His wife, Mrs. Bridget (Gillespie) McCauly, was born in the same town as her husband in 1810, being twelve years his senior. She came to America in 1849 ; brought up in the Koman Catholic religion, in which faith she has lived a firm believer. Mr. and Mrs. McCaulj have no children. By industry and frugality they have obtained considerable property for their latter days, now owning a large and good farm in McCauly's valley. Mr. McCauly is a good substantial citizen, and has been well identified with his township since its early history.

E.0BERT F. ISToKTON, of Homcr, was born in Washtenaw county, Michigan, February 10, 1836. His father, H. B. Norton, was a native of Victor, I^ew York ; Margaret (Martin), his mother, was a native of Sligo, Ireland, and is of Scotch descent. In 184:6 he went to learn the printer's trade at Ann Arbor, Michigan. All the education he ever had was received in the district school prior to this time. In 1852 his parents moved to Rockford, Illinois, where young Robert worked at his trade for some time. He came to this county in 1854, settling in Minneoah, where he followed various pursuits until the opening of the rebellion. August 17, 1862, he enlisted in Co. B, 7th Minn., and was on the Indian raid through the north part of the state. March 25, 1863, he was commissioned a sergeant. On account of disability he resigned August 17, 1863, and came home and worked for awhile as a wood workman. August 6, 1872, he opened at Homer a stock of merchandise, the cost of which was $52.88. The business has since increased until he now carries a stock of general merchandise worth $4,000. In the November following he issued the initial number of the "Novelty Press," devoted to home news. This was sold in 1876 to Norton and Trueman and * merged into the "Winona Democrat." June 28, 1871, he was appointed postmaster at Homer, a position which he retains. January he issued the first number of "Bob's Own," a paper devoted to his own interests. August 25, 1881, he married Mrs. George Eagle.

John C. Brown, son of Eden Brown and Mary, whose maiden name was Squires, was born in Susquehanna county, Pennsylvania ; came to Wisconsin in 1844, and to Minnesota in 1854, and settled in the town of Wilson, East Burns valley ; was married in 1852 to Miss Julia Haskins, daughter of John Haskins and Fanny, whose maiden name was Fanny Rodgers. John C. Brown and wife have had four children, whose names in the order in which they were born were : Mary F., Frank, Sarah L. and Calvin E. Mr. Brown has 173 acres of land near the moutli of Etist Burns valley, wliere he resides now. He is of Scotch-Irish descent. John C. Brown took a very active part in the development of his town and county ; was one of the judges of election in the notorious railroad bond swindled ; has been assessor of the town of Wilson for lifteen years, and no man has taken a deeper interest in the town than Mr. Brovm. Punctual and accurate in all his official business and demanding ot others a strict account of their official conduct. He claims to have made the second pre-emption in this land district, D. L, Babcock's father making the first. By reason of a deformity of the feet he was not permitted to enter the army. Is a larmer by occupation and a liberal republican in politics. He lives yet upon his first claim.

Amos Shay was born June 7, 1817, at Brighton, New York. Until the age of fifteen he lived at Brighton and attended school. In 1832, at the age of fifteen, he removed to Branch county, Michigan, with his parents. For two years after his arrival he attended school in Branch county. In 1852 he came to Savannah, Illinois. He lived there until ISoi, when he removed to Richmond village, Winona county, Minnesota. In a few months he left Richmond and settled on a farm which he had purchased in N. W. ^ Sec. 27, where he has engaged in farming ever since. Amos Shay has been married twice. May 19, 1837, he was married to Elvira Perrin, The children by the first wife : William, born December 28, 1813, died March 17, 1869; Mary, born February 5, 1840, died, date unknown; Ellen, born January 4, 1812. ifis' first wife, Elvira Shay, died July 5, 1815. January 13, 1846, Amos Shay was married to Alvina Liddle. The children by his second wife, four boys, were : Frederick ' v., born January 14, 1848; John, born December 18, 1850; Thomas, born October 15, 1852 ; Charles, born November 3, 1857. Amos Shay has always engaged m farming. He is a republican in politics. He was not in the war ; is at present in very good circumstances.

Joseph Cooper was born in Fairfax Court House, Virginia, March 20, 1820. His father, Joseph (hooper, was a carriage maker in the city of Washington, D. C, and was also engaged in the wood trade, bringing wood up the Potomac for sale in the city. When only ten years old, after having attended the Calvinistic preparatory school for several terms, and having a taste for sailing, he went to sea, and for nearly fifteen years he followed the water, making several voyages from New York to London . He sailed around Cape Horn to California in 1836, also visited Juan Fernandez islands.

and came back and joined the United States navy, and was stationed three years on the coast of Brazil in the sloop of war Marion. After leaving the navy he made voyages to Trieste, Austria, and various ports of the Mediterranean sea, to London and Havre, then to Cardiff, Wales, for strap railroad iron. This proved to be his last ocean voyage. When about three days out from Land's End, England, the ship was dismasted; all three of the masts were swept from the deck by a sudden squall of wind; the ship being heavily loaded with iron, and rolling in the heavy seas, she sprung a leak, and for seventy-eight days they were compelled to work the pumps day and night. For forty-eight da3^s they were on short allowance. After drifting about for two and a-half months they finally landed on St. Thomas island, one of the West Indies, in a most destitute condition. From St. Thomas island he took passage to Kew Orleans. Here he was very sick for some time, but finally took passage on a steamboat toEvansville, Indiana, and from there he went by stage to Terre Haute, Indiana, where he found his father's family. Here he married Ellen M. Gaither, July 12, 1844. Soon tiring of an inactive life, he went to Toledo, and there engaged in sailing on the lakes. Here he soon became master of a vessel, and sailed for one employer six years on the different lakes. He hauled the first vessel across the Sault Ste. Marie portage (one mile) upon rollers; this took about six weeks. He had for a cargo Indian goods to pay Indians at the Apostle islands. After arriving at destination he was surprised to find that a part of his cargo, belonging to a man from Chicago, and marked "mutton hams," was nothing else than whisky, which was contraband goods and laid him and his vessel liable for receiving and shipping the same. He notified the owner to come and take his mutton hams away, but upon his non-compliance, and the circulation of the fact that there was bottled whisky aboard the ship, he concluded to take his vessel away, and accordingly hoisted sail and started off. There happened to be a twelve-oared government boat in the vicinity, which immediately gave chase, and very nearly caught him in rounding a point. After baffling his pursuers he landed and gave up the whisky (two casks, filled with bottles of the fluid) to the Sioux missionary at Sault Ste. Marie. In 1851 he bought a half-interest in a vessel named General Houston and sailed it with success and profit till 1853, when she capsized one evening, near the American shore, at the head of Lake Erie; fortunately no lives were lost, and after escaping to Maiden, Canada, he took his first horseback ride to Detroit, where he hired a steamboat to search for his vessel. After hunting three days he found her on the Canada side and sold her, and after making a couple more voyages, in one of which he nearly lost his life by the falling of his foremast, he left the lakes. In the early winter of 1853 he bought an interest in a livery stable in Terre Haute, Indiana. In October, 1854, he and his partner sold out part of livery stock and he started for St. Paul, Minnesota, with six head of horses. He came with teams to La Crosse, Wisconsin, and finding it impossible to get his horses shipped to St. Paul that year, he came out to Pleasant Ilill, Minnesota, in December, 1854, and made a claim, and began to get out logs for a house, 22x24 feet and one and one-half stories high. This house was completed and he moved his family into it March 20, 1855, So(m the travel on the Territorial road, from La Crosse, Wisconsin, to Mankato, Minnesota, became so great that he was almost forced into keeping a hotel and relay stables for the stage company. Politically speaking Mr. Cooper is, and always has been, a democrat, and as such he has filled all the different offices of his township, and represented his congressional district in the state legislature in 1879 and 1880. He was also the first postmaster of Ridgeway postoffice, established in 1856, and is at present filling the same position, having been postmaster of that office seventeen years, at different periods. Mr. Cooper and wife are still living on their original claim of 160 acres in Pleasant Hill, and their union has been blessed with seven children: Lizzie E., born in Detroit, Michigan, October 8, 1845 ; Lelia E., born in Toledo, Ohio, August 22, 1848 ; Sarah A., born at Ridgeway, Minnesota, July 20, 1857 ; Joseph B., born at Ridgeway, August 21, 1858; Willie J., born at Ridgeway, March 7, 1861 ; George B., born at Ridgeway, April 12, 1864 ; Jennie J., born at Ridgeway, June 26, 1868. Lelia E. died January 2, 1865. The three youngest are living at home, and with their parents form a cheerful family, enjoying all the necessary comforts of life.

Stephen Covey, farmer, one of the first settlers in the Whitewater valley, was born in Rennselaer county, New York, about 1800, and about 1830 moved to Westfield, Chautauqua county. New York, and in 1854 to Whitewater, where he purchased a claim for $360 from Albert Pomeroy, on which was built the third log-house erected in the valley, standing about twenty rods south of the ])resent line of the village of Beaver. In 1822 our subject married Miss

Laura Collar, and by this marriage had nine children : Zamer, born 1823, died same year; Louisa M., born 1825, died 1871 ; Caroline S., born 1827 ; Harrison R, born 1829, died 1882 ; Mary E., born 1831 ; James, born 1833 ; Stephen R, born 1837 ; Laura M., born 1840 ; Ester, born 1842, married W. H. Martin in 1862. Our subject had very liberal views on religious matters. Died in Whitewater valley in 1856, being the first death in the vallej'.

H. C. Balcom, real estate, ofiice on south side Front street, between Walnut and Market. Mr. Balcom has been a resident of AVinona since the summer of 1854. In the fall of that year he was engaged to teach school in the little hamlet on Wabasha prairie, since grown into the third city of the state in population, wealth and co mmercial importance. This school was the first organized school within the limits of the county, and the territory it included formed the first organized school district in the present area of the county. This school Mr. Balcom taught during the winter seasons of 1854-5-6. In the summer of 1855 Mr. H. C. Balcom engaged in lumber business with his father, Jos. Balcom, who came that year to Winona from California and bought the warehouse on Front street, which for nearly twenty-eight years has continued to be the Balcoms' business headquarters. Here, in 1855, they also opened the first furniture store established in Winona, and in this business and his lumber trade Mr, H. C. Balcom was engaged until August 16. 1862, when he enlisted in Co. B, 7th Minn. Inf., attached to the third brigade, sixteenth army corps. His first year's service was on the frontier, afterward in the southwest, principally in the Gulf states, within the military department of Tennessee. After about eighteen months' service with his company, he was commissioned first lieutenant and detailed as brigade quartermaster, in which capacity he served until the close of the war. Returning from the service in 1865 he resumed lumber business with his father at the old office on Front street, and some years later transferred his attention to real estate. Mr. Balcom was for four years a member of the board of education in this city. He is married, has six children, one of them (Harry) in the First National Bank, of tliis city, and two others attending the high school.

Mr. Joseph Balcom, so long identified with the business interests of Winona, was a native of JSTew York, and, as before stated, came to Winona in 1855, after having spent some years in California. He died in the Lake Superior mining regions, June 3, 1882, where he

W. G. Dye, United States revenue collector for the twelfth Minnesota district, is a native of New York State, and a printer by trade. He came to AVinona in the early days of its history, 1854, and that same year assisted, as compositor, in getting out the first number of the "Argus," the pioneer newspaper of Winona. From that date until 1881 he was identified with the newspaper interests of this city, and is abundant!}^ qualitied to speak concerning them. In 1855 Mr. Dye started the "Republican" as a joint stock enterprise, and of this he was manager and publisher. The following spring, 1856, in connection with D. Sinclair, he bought out tlie stockholders' interests, became business manager of the journal (D. Sinclau- conducting the editorial department), and so continued until he sold out to his old partner in 1881, having maintained a continuous connection with the "Republican" for over a quarter of a century. July 1, 1881, he received his appointment as United States revenue collector, and is still in office. In company witli Thomas Simpson and Henry Wickersham, the latter, years since, removed from Winona. Mr. Dye was initiated into the mysteries of Odd-Fellowshii) May 6, 1856, and these gentlemen were the first initiates of Prairie Lodge, which at the time of their admission numbered five members. Mr. Dye is not only a representative member of the order in Winona and Minnesota, but is well known in the Sovereign Grand Lodge of the Order in the United States. He has filled all the chairs of the order; was deputy grand master of the state; grand representative in 1865-6 ; and now for nine successive years has been grand representative to the Sovereign Grand Lodge. Mr. Dye is also a member of the Masonic fi'aternity, and an affiliate of Winona Lodge, No. 18, Winona Chapter, No. 5, and of (>oeur de Lion Commandery, No. 3. He is married, has two children in school, and one daughter graduated from the high school class of 1882.

Lyman Raymond, flour-barrel manufacturer, south side King street, near Huff. Business is the manufacture of hand-made barrels, and has been now in operation a little over six years. His lots front 120 feet on King, are 150 feet deep, and u})on them are erected the main manufactory, 120x30 feet, a storage-room 60x24 feet, and a building 120x24, used partly for manufacturing and partly for storage. The number of hands employed averages fifty, and two teams are constantly employed. Product is from 500 to 800 barrels a day, all disposed of in the home market. Mr. Raymond was born in Camden, Oneida county, New York, September 4, 1820 ; was educated in the common schools of his native place, and followed the farm until he was eighteen years of age, and for the next five years was salesman in a lumber firm. In 1843 he started business for himself in Camden, and was so engaged until 1854, when he came to "Winona county, took up a farm in Utica township near Lewiston, which he sold out the following year, 18.5.5, and returning to Camden resumed his old business, which he conducted until 1863. He then returned to Winona county, and was engaged in farming in Utica township for five years, then removed to Lewiston, still interesting himself in farm operations. His first barrel manufactory was started at Lewiston in 1872, and two years later removed to this city. For the past ten years Mr. Raymond has been extensively engaged in grain-threshing operations, and during the season of 1882 had four steam threshers at work, employing a force of sixteen hands.

William Riley Stewart, born in Connecticut in 1817, removed with his parents while young to Steuben county, ITew York. Remained there until 1845, engaged in lumbering. He then removed to Lake county, Illinois, where he remained about nine years, and worked at blacksmithing. Removed to Rolling Stone township, Minnesota, November, 1854, and engaged in farming. Was married February 4, 1843, to Miss Helen Drew. The fruit of this marriage were four children, all of whom are living. Mrs. Stewart died in 1865. On May 20, 1856, Mr. Stewart married Miss Albina Drew. The fruit of this marriage were ten children, five of whom are living. Mr. Stewart has held the office of county supervisor and other minor offices. Mr. and Mrs. Stewart are members of the Baptist church. The first sermon ever preached in Rolling Stone valley was preached at the house of Mr. Stewart, in the fall of 1856. Mr. Stewart owns about 350 acres. In politics, republican.

R. D. Cone, wholesale and retail dealer in hardware, JSTos. 46 to 48 East Second street. This business has been in successful operation in this city since 1855, and the proprietor is not only the oldest hardware merchant, but the oldest merchant of any kind now doing business in the city. When business was started the house occupied the west twenty feet of the present lot, was thirty feet deep and gave employment to one tinner, Mr. Cone himself being sole salesman. This establishment was destroyed in the great fire of 1862, in which the loss was $10,000 above insurance. The same and following season the present structure was built. The lot upon which it stands fronts sixty feet on Second and has a depth ot 140 feet ; the building is a three-story brick and stone basement, 40 feet front, 125 deep, the whole four floors devoted to the business of the house, which gives employment to two traveling salesmen, nine clerks and bookkeeper and two manufacturing tinsmiths. The house carries a full assortment of shelf and heavy hardware, tin and wagon stock. Sales for 1882 about $175,000. R. D. Cone is a native of Shenango county. New York, and was in the stove and tinware business in Rochester, in that state, before coming to Winona, April 9, 1855. Mr. Cone was candidate for the mayoralty of this city when the office was first created, and defeated. He has since held the office two terms, and has several times represented his ward in the common council and on the city school board. He was born November 8, 1821 ; married July 3, 1848, and has four children surviving his wife, who died some years since. The family residence is on the corner of Fifth and Main streets.

y. Simpson, real estate and loan office, room No. 5, Simpson's block. Mr. Simpson is the son of B. F. and Eliza Simpson, of Lowell, Massachusetts, both of whom are now living; one aged eighty-three and the other eighty-two, after fifty-six years of married life. V. Simpson was born in Windham, and after some experience in dry goods business came west to Dubuque in 1852, and three years later to Winona, the date of his arrival here being April 12, 1855. On the 12tli day of the following August he opened a genei-al merchandising business in a building he had erected on the site of his present block, fronting on Center street. Continued in trade one year, and sold out, that he might devote all his attention to his agencies for freight and storage, which he held for all the transportation companies doing business on the river. In the spring of 1852 he connected the supply of provisions with his freightage and storage business, and so continued until two years after the great fire of 1862, which swept away his property, entailing a loss of $60,000 and leaving him thoroughly cleaned out. In that year, 1864, he sold out his business to F. A. Seavey and established a real estate and loan agency. The Simpson block, built just after the great fire of 1862, is a solid three-story and basement structure, 68x120 feet, brick walls, stone foundations and basement, and cost $16,000. January 13, 1877, this block was destroyed by fire, and immediately rebuilt at a cost of $15,000; loss about covered by insurance. In 1872 Mr. Simpson erected the Ely block, just across Center street from the Simpson block. This is also a three-storj and basement and brick, solid stone foundations and basement, iron cornice fronts, eighty feet on Second street and 140 on Center, and cost $45,000. Mr. Simpson is very largely interested in city property, and bis books show a tenantry numbering 182. He has also quite extensive investments in farming lands in this county, and owns one stock farm of 400 acres in Dodge county. Mr. Simpson has served one term as alderman of his ward, was mayor of the city during the years 1876-7-8-9, holds stock shares in several of the manufacturing companies of the city, and is always interested in city improvements" He is married and has three children : one son, a civil engineer in the United States service, on duty with the Missouri river improvement corps ; one daughter married to E. G. Nevins, of this city ; one daughter now attending Winona high school.

George W. Blaie, N.E. J of Sec. 10, township of Saratoga. This claim was made April 14, 1855, by the present proprietor, and proved up by him October 1, 1860. Forty-five acres have been added to the original claim and the farm now includes 205 acres, almost exclusively prairie soil, which, in this locality, is a deep vegetable loam with a clay subsoil. There are now upon the farm thirty-five head of hogs, seven horses and eight head of cattle. The average yield per acre for the season of 1882 was as follows: Wheat, 14 bushels ; oats, 42 bushels ; barley, 35 bushels ; corn, 40 bushel ; timothy seed, 6^ bushels ; hay, 1^ and 2 tons. The first dwelling on the premises was erected in 1855, and was occupied until the present residence was built in 1870, a comfortable, tasty and commodious two-story frame. Mr. G. W. Blair is a native of Bennington, Vermont, but was for many years prior to his location in the county a resident of Albany, New York, where, previous to 1853, he was employed as clerk in both retail and wholesale houses. From 1853 to 1855 he was employed as keeper in the Sing Sing- States prison, on the Hudson. His wife. Miss M. S. Deuel, came with him from Albany, and they have five children living, all born on the old liomestead. They are, George N. Blair, born July 20, 1855, the first white child born in Saratoga township ; Burr D. Blair, born May 11, 1858 : Hattie E. Blair, born January 27, 1860, and Alice E. and Florence E. (twins), born December 27, 1865. The two sons are quite liberally educated, having supplemented such teacliino; as the county afforded with some time at Ann Arbor, Michigan. They have both taught school, an employment in which Bui-r D. was engaged the past winter, and from which he has recently returned to his studies at the University of Michigan.

Amasa Ctlkason was })orn in Half Moon township, Saratoga county. New York, September 25, 1825. He spent his youth upon a farm near Oswego, New York, receiving a very limited opportunity to educate himself. His stepfather moved to Michigan, and died there in 1847. In 1848 Mr. Gleason went to Michigan and took care of his motlier's family. He lived there two years, then moved to Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, and lived about three years ; then he moved to La Crescent, Minnesota, and took a claim and lived one year, but not liking his surroundings he gave it up and came to Pleasant Hill in April, 1855, and entered a claim in Sec. 10, built a log shanty and went to chopping, clearing and improving his land. He was married to Miss Harriet Spalding, March 31, 1856. Their union has been blessed with live children, the two eldest of which are married. One resides near his father in Pleasant Hill, and the other has taken a homestead of 160 acres in Moody county, Minnesota. Mr. Gleason has suffered from asthma since coming to ]V[innesota in 1852. He is, politically speaking, a democrat, and has twice served his township as supervisor. He was also a member of the Sons of Temperance, charter member of Pleasant Hill, Patrons of Husbandry, and a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. He is now very comfortably situated on 120 acres of good farming land, surrounded by all necessary comforts and many luxuries of life.

Charles Henry Berry, one of the lawyers who located at Winona at an early day, is still living. He was born at WesteHy, Rhode Island, September 12, 1823, and is the son of Samuel F. and Lucy (Stanton) Berry. Both parents were descended from Huguenot emigrants, who left France on the repeal of the edict of Nantes in the time of Louis XIV. The gi-andfather of our subject, Samuel Berry, held the office of justice of sessions in Ihe county of Kings, Rhode Island, imder the Colonial government. His commission bears date May 7, 1774, is signed by Gov, Joseph Wanton, and is issued in the name of " His Most Sacred Majesty George the Third." He was known as a conservative at the beginning of the war of the revolution, but held his office until after the peace of 1783, and did efficient service in the cause of independence. Samuel

F. Berry, in October, 1828, removed with his family to Steuben county, New York, and settled in what was then a dense wilderness, about five miles from the present village of Corning. The journey from Rhode Island was over four hundred miles, wholly by emigrant wagon. The route crossed the " North River," as the Hudson" was then generally called, at the village of Hudson, thence over the Catskill mountains to and down the Susquehanna and up the Chemung. The subject of our sketch has a distinct remembrance of this removal, and of the solemn and tearful farewells between his mother and her friends as she departed for the " up country," none of them expecting to meet her again. A removal was at that time a serious thing. The first to be done in their new home was to clear the land of its heavy forests of hemlock, pine and hardwood timber, a stern* rugged task, in which parents and children alike joined. But however cheerless the prospects of the pioneer to the parents, it was not more promising to the children. Their comm^union was with nature, their pleasure in the pathless woods ; schools, all the appliances of civilized life, were only what the hardy settlers could improvise. But the boy had health and strength, and played, with his companions, his part in the short winter school and the rougher labors of the year. When seventeen years old he went to reside at Maine village, Broome county, where he attended an excellent private school conducted by Rev. William Gates. Alternating between this school and other employments, he passed the time until the fall of 1843, when in his turn he tried his hand at teaching. In fact a school was at this time a common employment for the winter. In Prof. Gates' school, and from forced self-instruction, he acquired the rudiments of an education, which was continued at the Canandaigua Academy, where he completed an English and scientific course, graduating in July, 1846. At this time he had begun to read law in the office of E. G. Lapliam, of Canandaigua (now United States senator), and after reading about one and a-half years in this office he entered the law office of Hon. Alvah Worden, in the same town. Here he remained until admitted to the bar ; as soon as admitted he went to Corning. In 1849 he opened an office among the friends of his boyhood, and practiced alone until in May, 1851, he took as a partner the late Hon. C. W. Waterman. The firm of Berry & Waterman continued, first at Corning, then at Winona, until the close of the year 1871, when the junior partner retired, he having been elected district judge.

Mr. Berrv came to Winona to make it his home in May, 1855, and on the 17th of that month secured an office. Pie dates his business life in Winona from that time, though lie, in fact, returned to Corning to make final arrangements for removal, and did not get back to Winona until in June. Since that time, as member of the fii-m of Berry & Waterman, then alone, and now of the firm of Berry & Morey, he has here practiced his profession without interruption. He was attorney -of-record in the first judgment docketed in Winona county, Frederick S. Barlow vs. Charles S. Hamilton, for $1,544.60, rendered and docketed August 7, 1855. Though an attorney, his desires have always been for peace, and not for controversy ; and it is but just to say that he has rarely allowed a dispute to be litigated if in his power to secure a settlement. On November 14, 1850, at Corning, New York, he was married to Miss Frances Eliza Hubbell, who is also still living. They have one child, Kate Louise, born August 25, 1857, who is the wife of his law partner, Mr. C. A. Morey. Mr. Berry, with his family, attends the Episcopal church, to the establishment and support of which he has ever been a reliable contributor. Born and reared in the democratic faith, he has generally acted with that party, though from 1847 to the dissolution of the " free soil party," he was a zealous advocate of its anti-slavery doctrines. He, however, refused to go with the abolition wing into the republican party and settled back into the old line. He cannot be said to have sought office, and yet from time to time has held office. He has been state senator, was the first attorney-general of the state, and has held other offices, but the one we believe he attaches the most importance to was his connection with the public schools of the city. He was from 1870, for eight years, president of the board of education, during which time the "Madison" and "Washington " school buildings were erected, their grounds laid out and set with trees, and the schools themselves elevated to a high standard of excellence. With his equally willing associates in the board, he and they may long enjoy the pleasure of seeing these institutions growing in beauty and in power of usefulness ; the ])roduct of the liberality and enlightened spirit of the people who furnished the means, as well as of the fostering care of the builders. He also rendered efiicient service in securing the location of the first state normal school at Winona, and in the legislature in defeating the attempt made in 1874 to eliminate normal schools from the educational system of the state. In works of internal improvement of the state, as well as in all things pertaining to the advancement of every real interest of the city and county, he has ever taken an interest, and generally given active and efficient aid. Thomas B. Taylor (deceased) was one of the early pioneers of Minnesota, having settled in the town of Dover in May, 1855,' on the farm adjoining this town now occupied by William Smith. In the fall of 1874 he sold his fjirm and removed to the city of St. Charles, where he died in the following December. Mr. Taylor was born in Howard, Massachusetts, in 1807. He married Miss Farnell Murdock, a native of the same state. Three of his sons and one daughter also emigrated west. The eldest, Charles, is sketched below ; Albert M. died at St. Charles, leaving a widow, now Mrs. Caleb Batchelor, and one child : Edward S. married Delia Woodard and resides at Mankato; he served three years during the war of the rebellion in a Vermont regiment ; Laura P. married J. H. Gardner, now deceased, and lives in St. Charles city.

Charles H. Taylor, farmer, is a son of the above. He was born at Haverhill, Massachusets, August 8, 1833. He attended the common schools till sixteen years old, then took up his father's occupation of combmaker ; served some years as clerk in a store in Boston. On March 4, 1854, he married Miss Helen, a daughter of Ebenezer Burrell and Lucy Tucker, who were born in Canton, Massachusetts. In the fall of the following year Mr. Taylor came to Minnesota. After residing one year in the town of Warren he preempted land in Sec. 12, Dover, but soon sold and removed to this town ; has bought and sold several times, and bought his present farm of 100 acres on Sec. 18 in 1876; previous to this time he resided in St. Charles city several years, keeping livery stable, billiard hall, etc.; is now quite extensively engaged in stockraising, giving attention to Jersey cattle, blooded horses and mules. Mr. Taylor enlisted in February, 1863, in Co. C, 5th Iowa Cav., and served till May 16, 1866. In the spring of 1864 his regiment was sent on service against the western Indians under Gen. Sully. He participated in two engagements on the Little Missouri, in one of which his horse received two arrows, and was in several skirmishes on the Yellowstone. Mr. Taylor is a republican ; member of St. Charles Lodge, A. F. and A. M.; was city constable in 1875. On January 25, 1866, he adopted a boy then ten days old, who was christened Clinton Taylor.

ford ooiintv, Pennsylvania, February 11^, 1884. Mis parents were Philip and Leah (Gelir) Straw. His grand t^atliers, -Jacob Straw and David (lehr, were natives of Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania ; the latter was in the war of 1812. They were both farmers. Henry irrew to nianliood on a farm and was educated in the common schools. At the age of eighteen years he commenced as a clerk in the general merchandise establishment at Sagerstown, Pennsylvania, which he followed for two years. Tiring of the employment, he concluded to go west, and, consistent with his conclusions, he left the scenes of his early days and went to Dubucjue county, Iowa, where he worked on a farm for a year. In May, 1855, he came to Winona county and entered a claim in Sec. 17, Saratoga township, which he improved and on winch he'still lives. December 29, 1857, he married Miss Jane R., daughter of Henry and Mary (Bisbee) Ingalls, early settlers of the vicinity. They are the parents of four children: George H., born September 25, 1858; Clara A., born November 9, 1860, died May ]5, 1863; Edward H., born October 17, 1868, and Alice R., born July 20, 1879. Mrs. Straw is a native of Erie county. New York, being born there March 1, 1841. Mr. Straw is a member of No. 46 lodge of Masons (Evergreen) at Troy, Minnesota. He is a ilemoci-at in politics, and was for a number of years supervisor of his township.

H. D. Morse, real estate and loan agent, 89 East Second street, is a native of Vermont; took his preparatory course at Bakersfield, in his native state, but was obliged to intermit study on account of his eyesight, and instead of completing a collegiate course as intended engaged in business. He came to Winona in May, 1855, and has been engaged in financial operations ever since. He was a heavy dealer in grain in this market from 1858 to 1864. He is a lafge owner of farming property in this and adjoining counties, his largest operations being in Olmstead county, where he is running a model stock farm. ]\lr. Morse is married, has one daughter attending the State Normal in this city and one son at Shattuck's School, Faribault, in this state. He is a member of Winona Lodge, No. 18, A. F. and A. M., and also of Winona Chapter, No. 5, R. A. M. The family are connected with the Episcopal parish of this city.

John Wonder, florist, was born in Holstein, Germany, in 1832. Bred a florist in his native country, he came to America with his parents at twenty years of age, settling with his parents on a farm in Scott county, Iowa. Came to AVinona August 25, 1855, and after two years in the employ of the land office, established a market garden on the southern slope of Sugar Loaf Bluff, which he con- . ducted in person until 1867, and an interest in which he still retains, though the active management is in the hands of his brother-in-law, C. F. Rohweter. In 1866 Mr. Wonder purchased three-and-one-half lots on Kansas street and commenced business as a florist. His greenhouses and hotbeds have been enlarged from year to year until he has now three thousand and live hundred square feet under glass, and over three thousand square feet of hotbeds. Mr. Wonder lias just completed his arrangements for heating the greenhouses with hot-water pipes, and has already in place seven hundred feet of four-inch pipe, his boilers having an additional capacity of three hundred feet. He is married and a member of Oak Grove Lodge, No. 15, A. O. D.

Samuel Fox, dealer in clothing and furniture goods, No. 22-24 East Second street. This business was established September 7, 1855, on Johnson street between Second and Third, where the Commercial Hotel now stands, and was at that time the only clothing house in the city. Four years later business was removed to Centre street, between Second and Front, and shortly afterward to the present location, where the stock was destroyed in the great fire of 1862, loss about ^5,000. Immediately after the fire Mr. Fox erected his present building, of which possession was taken in 1863, although he himself did not occupy it until 1871. During these years, from 1863 to 1871, the premises were successively occupied by Charles Benson, drugs ; Gushing & Cummings, boots and shoes ; and Jackson & Potter, grocers. The building is a two-story brick, with stone basement, seventy-five feet front and seventy deep. Business, which was at first principally jobbing, changing with the demands of trade and growth of the city, is now exclusively retail. Mr. Fox is a native of Russiaii Poland, born in 1830 ; came to America at sixteen years of age ; was bred a clerk from his thirteenth year, and was in New York city previous to coming to this city. He is a member of the Winona board of trade and a "bachelor hy profession."

WmoNA County Abstract Office ; Fellows, Rebstock & Clarke ; office in fire-proof building adjoining court-house on the east. This office is furnished with the only set of abstract books now or at any previous time prepared in this county. It comprises the old Lester & Pettibone records, which came through them to

John Hull, and through him to his partner John B. Fellows, head of the present firm. These books are a perfect transcript of the county records, and, sliould tliese latter be destroyed, could be correctly restored from the abstract office. In 1873 an index set, for the pur- })ose of checking uj) book and page of original abstract, was l:)egun by II. W. Jackson, and afterward purchased and completed by Rebstock & Clarke. This index set is now included in the books of the Winona county abstract office. It consists of three volumes : one containing list of Winona city property, one with list of ail village propert}', and the other the lands outside city and village plots.

Mr. J. B. Fellows is a native of New York, by profession a surveyor ; came to Winona in 1855, remaining until 1857, when he removed to Rochester, in this state, returning to this city in 1866. During 1858-9 was in government employ in Stearns county; was county surveyor for Winona county from 1868 to 1878, and city surveyor during the same period. Since 1879 has not been in that prrifession. For the past two or three years has been dealing in Northern Pacific lands in the Red River country. Mr. Fellows is married and has one son attending the city high school.

Lauer & Anding, druggists and dealers in paints and oils. Business of this house was established in May, 1877, on the north side of Third street between Market and Franklhi, under the firm name of J. W. Lauer & Co. In 1881 they built their present drug house and took possession May 17 of that year. It is a two-story and basement brick, 22x70, and here they are doing a thriving business, sales to date of November 1, 1882, showing an increase of 85 per cent over corresponding period of last year. Members of firm ai'e J. W. Lauer and C. W. Anding. J. W. Lauer was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin ; came to Winona with his parents in 1855, being then eighteen months old. His father, John Lauer, was a manufacturer of furniture in this city from the year of his arrival until his death, in 1861. Mr. J. W. Lauer was educated in this city and in the English-German Academy at Milwaukee. In 1867 he entered the drug house of Edward Pelzer, remaining five years ; went to Milwaukee, and was for two years with a drug house in that city, then for two years more with a Rochester firm, at the expiration of which time he returned to this city and established business for himself. Mr. Lauer is a member of the Philharmonic Society of this city, and of Oak Grove Lodge, No. 15, A. CD.

consin ; came to Lake City, Wabasha county, with his parents, when ten years of age, the family settling on a farm. At twelve years of age entered the drug house of James Crowley & Co., Wabasha, and was in their employ three years, when the firm sold out. Was engaged in farming and pursuing his studies until 1877, when he entered the drug house of Lauer & Co., and in December of the same year married Miss M. Lauer, sister of the senior member of the firm.

Huff House ; F. M. Cockrell, owner and proprietor. This house stands on the corner of Johnson and Third streets, and is the oldest as well as the largest hotel in the city. The original hotel, 60 X 90, was built by H. D. Huff in 1855, and opened to the public on June 5 of that year, with Willis & Hawthorne as proprietors. In the fall of that same year Messrs. F. M. Cockrell and Williams bought out Mr. Willis' interest, and business was conducted under the firm name of Cocki-ell & Co. until 1861, when Hawthorn's interest was purchased and the house became Cockrell & Williams. The property was purchased in 1863 by the lessees, by whom it was owned until 1S72, when Mr. Williams was accidentally killed and Mr. Cockrell became sole proprietor and owner. The dining-room addition was built in 1857, and the brick addition ten years later. The lots upon which the hotel stands front 120 feet on Third street, and crossing the alley in the rear give a depth of nearly 200 feet. The hotel structure, as it now stands, is 60x140 feet, three stories in height, and has comfortable accommodations for 100 guests. The billiard hall is furnished with four tables, and special provision is made for the wants of commercial travelers. The house employs a force of thirtv-five servants.