Winona County, Minnesota - Biographical sketches (2 of 4 so headed), 1883 (part 1 of 2)

Biographical sketches

Samuel S. Beman (deceased). - The subject of this sketch was a son of Rev. N. S. S. Beman, D.D., wlio was forty years pastor ot the First Presbyterian cliurch of Troy, New York. The son was born just before the removal to Troy, at Mount Zion, Hancock county, Georgia, March 11, 1822. He studied Uiw with David L. Sevmour at Troy, and removed in 1843 to Ahibama, where he engaged in practice in partnership with his brother, William L. Yancy. In 1816 he was a whig candidate for congress, in a district having 6,000 democratic majority, and was beaten by only thirty votes. He returned to New York in 1850, and was elected to the legislature two years later. Mr. Beman came to Minnesota in 1855 and settled on a farm in Saratoga township, this county ; in 1861 he removed to St. Charles, where he continued to reside till his death, which occurred May 9, 1882. At this time he was a member of the state senate, in which he had previously served several terms. He was a member of the first state legislature, elected in 1857. During the latter year he married Caroline W., daughter of the late Ebenezer Whiton, of Elyria, Ohio. The family of the deceased includes three children. The eldest, Nathan, was born February 22, 1859, and is now living at Deming, New Mexico ; Louisa, July 10, 1860, married J. D. Marston, and resides in Chicago, Illinois ; Kate, March 9, 1865, is now a student at the state normal school in Winona. Mrs. Beraan at present resides in St. Charles. At the age of seven years, Mr. Beman's spine was injured by a fall from a horse, and on account of this injury, combined with an attack of typhoid fever, his body was stinted and deformed, but his intellect continued to grow, and his was recognized as a master mind. His command of language was something remarkable. On his death, the bar of Winona county and tlie city council of St. Charles passed resolutions of respect to his memory and condolence with his family, and his fimeral was largely attended by the bar of Olmsted county.

born in Schoharie county, New York, in 1830, and there attended school till seventeen years of age, living with his father (his mother having died about 1853) till 1855, when he visited Whitewater and purchased eighty acres of good farm land in Sec. 35, T. 108, R. 10, and in the fall of same year ( 1855 ) returned east. In November, 1848, our subject married Miss Nancy E. More, daughter of T. More, of Schoharie county, New York, and by this marriage has had nine children, born as follows: Melvin H., born March 31,

1851, married in 1875 Jennie Sylvester, of Wabasha county, Minnesota, is also living in Dakota ; John W., born March 4, 1853, married Maud Murdock, 1881 ; Elinor, born June 25, 1855, married in 1874 G. Mortimer Stoning, of Whitewater, Minnesota. All of above children were born in the State of New York, the rest being born in Whitewater: Franklin, born May 1, 1858, died May 29, 1863 ; Susan E., born October 9, 1860 ; Edward W., October 7, 1866; Mary E., May 11, 1870; Stella, October 31, 1873. In the spring of 1856 our subject returned with his family to Whitewater, and lived in a log cabin wliich was standing on the land bought the year before, John and Dave Cook having built it. During the month of April, 1858, our subject built the frame house which he now occupies. From 1868 till 1881 our subject held the office of town assessor, and for a number of years has been justice of the peace. In 1863, feeling that the country needed the services of every able man, our subject left his wife and family and enlisted in the 2d reg. Minn. Yol. Cav., Co. L., with which regiment he served three years, being mustered out in 1866. In the fall of 1880 was elected county commissioner, which office he still (1883) holds. Is a Mason, being a member of Illustrious Lodge, No. 63, of Plainview, Minnesota. Always votes the republican ticket. Has liberal views on religious subjects, and is connected with no church, but is much respected by all who know him.

Hon. David McCaety, farmer, son of Seth L. and Rebecca (McCausland) McCarty, both born in Lycoming county, Pennsylvania, and married in 1833, by which marriage he had ten children : five boys and five girls. David McCarty, subject of our present sketch, was born in 1836, in Whitchurch, Ontario, Canada. In 1838 moved with parents to Port Huron, where he attended school until 1851, when moved to Stephenson county, Illinois, where he remained one year and again moved, this time to Winnebago county.

Illinois, and in the spring of 1855 moved to Olmsted county, Minnesota, and in the fall of same year to the tc)wn of Plainview. In the latter })art of 1S59 married Miss Cynthia C. Smith. In 1802 moved to the town of Whitewater, where he purcliased his present farm of about 200 acres, situated in the extreme northwest of the town of Whitewater. Our subject has been four times elected supervisor. Was elected member of the state legislature in 1878. In ))olitics he is a democrat, in religion a Freethinker. Is a Knight Templar and member of the Home Commandery, No. 5, Rochester, and member of Plainview Chapter and Illustrious Lodge, of Plainview. Joined the masonic order in 1865, at Oxford county, Maine, while visiting some friends. Mrs. Cynthia C. (Smith) McCarty is also a Mason, being a member of Eastern Star Lodge, of Plainview. Is also a Freethinker in religion.

Pliny Putnam, farmer, born in Vermont, November, 1801, and married in New York in 1823 to Flora Edgerton. She was born July 15, 1806, and died April 6, 1876. By this marriage he had eight children, as follows : Orilla, born October 14, 1824, died October 3, 1826; Daniel SimjJironius, born September 20, 1827; Alvers Zebina, born October 1, 1829 ; Florilla, born September 13, 1831 ; Alonzo Davis, born September 7, 1834 ; Isaac Edgerton, born September 7, 1837, died February 6, 1877; Charles, born October 17, 1842 ; Worthy Adelbert, born May 26, 1845. Our subject moved to New York about 1822, where he remained till 1855, when he moved to Cook county, Illinois, and the same year moved to Whitewater valley, Minnesota, where he pre-empted 160 acres of land, and in 1856 built the frame house now (1883) occupied by his son Charles, in which he lived till his death in 1881. Was a member 01 the Methodist Episcopal church.

Alonzo D. Putnam, farmer, son of Pliny and Flora (Edgerton) Putnam, moved to Rolling Stone valley in 1854, and during the winter of same year assisted in laying out the village of Stockton. In sj)ring of 1855 moved to Whitewater, where he purchased a claim of 160 acres from A. S. Hopson, and pre-empted it. The land is situated in Sec. 10 and 11, T. 108, R. 10. Our subject was born in Oswego county. New York, in the year 1834, and in 1865 married Miss Sarah J. Ford. In 1862, answering the call of his country, he joined Co. C, 10th Minn. Inf., and was chosen corporal. In December, 1863, had to return home to recruit his strength, and in the spring of 1864 again joined his company, but in the fall of same year was discharged for inability induced by exposure during illness. In 1879 he built the house now occupied by himself and wife. Has three times been elected chairman of the board oi supervisors for the town of Whitewater ; has also been elected treasurer. Is a republican; in religion a close communion Baptist. Mrs. Sarah J. (Ford) Putnam, wife oi our present subject, was born in the town of Poultney, Vermont, in the year 1835. In 1864 moved to Whitewater, where she married as before mentioned ; is also a close communion Baptist. - -

Andrew Jackson McRay, farmer, son of Orsemous McRay, was bom in McKean county, Pennsylvania, in 1836, where for a few years attended school, and in 1843 moved with his father to Dane county, Wisconsin, where in 1852 his father died. In 1855 our subject moved to Minnesota and speculated in cord wood, selling to the steamboats. In 1861 bought a larm containing 110 acres in the valley of the Whitewater, and has subsequently added to this 230 acres, making in all 340 acres. In 1866 married Charlotte Crump, born in Jefferson county, Wisconsin. Has had by this marriage ten children, born as follows : Hattie, born February 7, 1867 ; Ella, born 1869, died 1870 ; Jane, born 1871, died 1872 ; Charles and Andrew (twins), born 1873, Charles died August, 1873 ; Frank, born 1875 ; Clarence, born December 13, 1877 ; Ellen, born 1878 ; Harry, born 1880 ; baby, born January 6, 1882. Has been three times elected town assessor ; always has and always will vote the republican ticket. Is a Freethinker on religious subjects, as is also his wife, Mrs. Charlotte (Crump) McRay.

John Ham, farmer, S. i of S.W. J of Sec. 21 and X. i of N.W. J of 28, township of St. Charles. This claim was located in the fall of 1855, proved up the same season, became the family residence and has so continued since that date, a period of over twentyseven years. The first house built by Mr. Ham on this property was nearly in the center of the claim, a log house still standing, built the same season he pre-empted, 1855. This house was abandoned for a small frame one built in 1862 now doing duty as a granary, and which ceased to be occupied as a dwelling in 1868 when the present commodious farm-house was erected. The original claim has been added to by purchase from time to time until the farm now includes 353 acres, part prairie and part bottom land. This latter is a sandy loam, a warm quick soil, well adapted for the growth of corn in so high a latitude as this. Mr. Ham's farming operations ijic'lii(lc> both grain and stock raising. His average crop ])er acre for season of 1882 was: wheat, 14^ bushels; barley, 40 bushels ; oats, 45 bushels ; corn, 40 bushels ; timothy-seed, 7 bushels ; the stock upon the farm numbers : horses, 12 head; cattle, U'> head; hogs, 28 head. Mr. Ham is a native of Somersetshire, England, h'om which country he emigrated to America in 1850, settling in Iowa in the western part of Dubuque county, where he remained until coming to his present location as betore said in the fall of 1855. July 12, 1858, he married Miss Sarah Talbot, of Dyersville, Dubuque county, Iowa. They have live children, all born in Winona county on the old homestead and all still living at home, the eldest, Alva George, born July 19, 1857, is among the early natives of St. Charles township. Shortly after coming to the county Mr. Ham was present and assisted at the raising of the old Stockton mill in company with a man then of Gilmore valley, and with whom Mr. Ham stopped over night in coming to his claim with his family.

Lewis B. Ferrin, farmer, is a son of Aaron and Phoebe Ferrin, who removed from New York in early life to Hebron, New Hampshire, where the subject of this sketch was born February 2, 1820 ; he was the youngest of twelve children, all of whom have passed away but two. Aaron Ferrin was a farmer, and gave his children such educational advantages as the common schools of their native town afforded. That the youngest made good use of his limited opportunities is evinced by his general intelligence and position in the business and social community. On reaching maturity he engaged in farming on his own account. He was married February 28, 1841, to Margaret D. Brown, whose parents were Deliverance and Mary Brown, all of New Hampshire birth. In 1855 Mr. Ferrin emigrated to the New West, landing in Winona with his family on June 10. He purchased a claim in the town of Warren, this county, and at once proceeded to open up a farm. In 1860 he built a hotel on his farm to accommodate the large travel then passing his door. For six years he continued to entertain man and beast, and then sold farm and all to the present occupant, Duncan McDougald. After visiting his childhood's home Mr. Ferrin took up his residence in Mankato, but one year's life away from the farm tired him of town life, and he came to St. Charles and purchased his ])resent home on Sec. 18. This was the first land entered in the township, being taken up by L. H. Springer, founder of the city of

St. Charles. The estate now embraces 117 acres of farm land and two blocks (five and one-half acres) in the city. It has been highly improved by the present owner, who erected large and convenient buildings and has the ground under a high state of cultivation. Although now sixty-three years of age, Mr. Ferrin plowed eighty acres of land in the fall of 1882,- his own age and that of the team employed made a sum of a hundred and fifteen years. His present farm is the third on which he has erected buildings and made all improvements. Mr. Ferrin was formerly a democrat, but now espouses the principles of the greenback party; he was a member of the board of supervisors in Warren for several years, being chairman a portion of the time. Since his residence here he has been a member of the St. Charles city council. In religion he is a liberal.

Hatsel Brewer, farmer, was one of Winona county's pioneers. He was born in Royalton, Windsor county, Vermont, in 1802. He married Polly Bloss, who was born in the same year in the same locality. (Tlieir fathers were pioneers in Vermont, having removed from Connecticut.) He was one of the pioneer farmers at Watertown, Wisconsin, where he settled in 1846. His eight children settled about him there, and three sons came to Minnesota with him. He located in St. Charles in 1855, and remained here till his death, which occurred A])ril 9, 1874. Mrs. Brewer survived her husband several years, passing away May 11, 1881. Mr. Brewer bought a farm one mile south of Dover, which he tilled for many years. He was a charter member of the St. Charles Congregational church, and served the town as justice of the peace.

Ira Carlos Brewer, farmer, is a son of the above; he was bor-n in Tunbridge, Orange county, Vermont, December 16, 1832. He received the training of an American farm lad, assisting in the labors of his parents and attending the district school. His father's removal to Wisconsin occurred when he was thirteen years old, and he attended a select school at Watertown a short time. He came to St. Charles in 1857 and bought his brother's claim to 160 acres of government land on Sees. 13 and 24 in the township of Eyota, Olmsted county, which he still owns, and to which he has since added fifty-four acres by purchase. He continued to reside in this city; since 1866 his residence has been on Sec. 18, where he owns eighty acres, at that time purchased in partnership with his father ; this lies within the city. On December 26, 1867, he married Lizzie Evans, who was born in Utica, New York. (Mrs. Brewer's father,

Og'2 Histoky Of Winona County

Daniel Evans, was also an early settler in St. Charles. He was born in Wales in 181 ;i He married Sarali James and came to America at twenty-one years of age, settling in Utica, New York, where he pursued liis trade, that of tailor. He removed to Winona in 1856, and to St. Charles in 1860. While here he owned a farm in Dover which he tilled. He removed to Lansing in 1806, and subsequently to Faribault, where he taught tailoring in the State Mute Asylum. Mr. and INIrs. Evans were charter members of the Congregational church societies at Winona, St. Charles and Lansing ; Mr. Evans was a deacon in all of them, and also at Faribault. Both died at Faribault. From 1870 to 1875 Mr. Brewer kept a flour and teed store in St. Charles. During the last three years he has manufactured 3,000 gallons of amber cane syrup. He enlisted in November, 1863, in Co. A. 2d Minn. Cav., and served under Gen. Sully in the campaigns against the Indians on the frontier until April, 1866. Mr. Brewer is a member of St. Charles Lodge, A. F. and A. M. ; is also clerk of the Congregational society at St. Charles, of which he has been a member nearly ever since its organization. Two children have been given to him, as follows : Bertha E., born May 9, 1870, and Carlos W., born December 30, 1882.

Robert Crooks, farmer, son of an Irish linen weaver, was born in County Tyrone, November 16, 1817. At a very early age he began to assist his father in his daily labors. At twelve years old he went into the Scotch coal mines. In 1849 he emigrated to the United States. The first two years of his residence in America were spent at the coal mines of Pottsville, Pennsylvania, and the next three in the Dubuque lead region. Mr. Crooks became a resident of Minnesota in the spring of 1855, having satisfied himself of its advantages during a visit made the previous fall. He took up 160 acres of government land on Sec. 32, in the town of Elba, which he still owns. In 1871 he bought 240 acres on Sec. 28, in the same town, on which he resided three years. During the same year he bought lots in St. Charles and built a store on the corner of Whitewater and Winona streets. In 1874 he built a residence adjoining the store, on Whitewater street, and has ever since dwelt therein. He now has 720 acres of land, of which 320 are in this township, and tills a part of it himself. He was married November 5, 1855, to Agnes, relict of John King, born in Paisley, Scotland, January 25, 1825. Mr. and Mrs. Crooks were reared in the Presbyterian church, with which they have always been connected till the merging ol the Presbyterian and Congregational societies at St. Charles, the members of the former uniting with the latter. Mr. Crooks was an Odd-Fellow imtil his residence in Minnesota. In politics he is a republican ; was a member of the town board in Elba in 1864-5. He has one child, Elmer, born July 6, 1802 ; his home is with his parents. Mrs. Crooks has an elder son, Alexander King, born April 22, 1848. Her daughter, Maggie King, was born August 28, 1844; she married Samuel Stebbins, of Winona ; died in Dakota, November 19, 1882.

Samuel T. Harris, farmer, was born in Blagden, Somersetshire, England, September 7, 1826. He attended the common school till fifteen years old, when he was apprenticed to a joiner. In 1849 he set out for America, and landed at New York on May 1. He at once proceeded to Burlington, Wisconsin, where he pursued his trade ; thence he proceeded to Dubuque county, Iowa, and built the first houses in Dyersville, that county. In 1855 he proceeded to AVinona and continued his building operations in that city. He became a resident of St. Charles, being employed in building houses and in the wagon factory. In 1860, with the savings accumulated since his arrival here, he purchased sixty acres of land on Sec. 15. By various subsequent purchases he has acquired a total of 320 acres, lying on Sees. 15 and 22. In 1875 he bought his present handsome residence on Richland street, in the city of St. Charles, and has occupied it since October of that year. He was married on May 23, 1863, to Elizabeth Day, who was born in Ware, Somersetshire, August 5, 1832 ; she died on February 19, 1883, leaving five children to mourn her loss, with the husband and father. Their names and dates of birth are as follows : Edward Samuel, February 6, 1 866 ; John Arthur, April 6, 1867 ; Charles Henry, May 31, 1868 ; Hester H., January 18, 1871 ; Thomas, March 9, 1873. Mrs. Harris was a Congregationalist in religious faith ; Mr. Hams was reared an Episcopalian, and still adheres to the faith of his fathers. He is a democrat in politics. He has attained success in life by industry and perseverance. His life has been a quiet one, and when it is done all will say, ' ' a good citizen is gone. "

Job Thornton, farmer, is a grandson of James Thornton, a native of Vermont, who served the colonies as a soldier during the war of the revolution, and is a pioneer in Winona county's development. Stutley, son of James Thornton, was born in Yermont and married Elizabeth Stitt, a Canadian descended from Irish and Dutch parents. This couple settled on a farm in Oakland, Oakland county, Michigan, where the subject of this sketch was born April 14, 1829. He was sent to the common school till about fifteen 3^tiars old. His father having died, at this time he was forced to shift for himself, and went to La Salle county, Illinois, where he engaged in brickmaking till twenty-two years old ; he then went to California, where he followed the same occupation five years. In 1855 he came to Minnesota and took up a quarter-section of land in the township of Hart, this county. This he afterward sold and bought 200 acres on Sec. 10 in that township, which he still owns. He was married on November 22, 1857, to Nancy, daughter of George Bissett, of Scotland ; her mother was formerly Elizabeth Bullis, of Vermont. Mrs. Thornton was born in Bytown, Connecticut, December 26, 1833. Mr. Thornton is an atheist ; he has taken an active interest in schools all his life, and has been instrumental in securing and fostering good schools in his own community. During his residence in Hart he was made chairman of the town board for several years, and also town treasurer for a long time. In October, 1877, he purchased 230 acres of land on Sec. 10, in St. Charles, and has lived thereon since December of the following year. His property has all been earned since his arrival in the state, by industry and i^teady application to his own business. He has never sued or been sued, but has suffered loss in some cases rather than pursue a debtor with the law. His children number three. The eldest, Lee, was born August 16, 1858, and is now in St. Paul ; George, born August 9, 1859, married Margaret Simons, and has one child, Mabel, born February 3, 1883, - resides with his father; Susan, born June 23. 1864.

John Holland, retired farmer, was born in Ulceby, Lincolnsliii-e, England, April 30, 1821. His father was a farmer, and the son assisted some in his labors, attending school during the winter till ten years old. At eight years of age he worked all summer in a brickyard. He came to this country in 1S51, landing in New York April 28, and at once proceeded to Illinois, where he was employed as overseer of railroad construction,- and subsequently in the coal mines. In 1855 he came to Winona and took up a claim near that city. He also engaged in brickmaking, and also took a contract for work on the Stockton and Winona wagon road. His brickmaking enterprise having failed, after exliausting his capital Mr. Holland returned to Illinois to recuperate his broken financial resources. In

January, 1860, he met with a terrible experience in a coal mine near Alton, being precipitated sixtj^-six leet down a shaft by the breaking of a rope. Both of his legs were broken and his nervous system received a shock from which it has never fully recovered ; the effects become more annoying as age approaches. He was confined to his bed over six months, and could do no work at all for a year. He came to Minnesota the second time on crutches, and without any money. For the first day's woi-k he received ten cents. By perseverance and prudence he has accumulated his present handsome property. In 1863 he bought forty acres of land in Quincy, Olmsted county ; this he afterward sold. He now has 160 acres on Sec. 24 of that township, and twenty acres of timber in Elba. In Oct(jber, 1879, his health having failed so as to prevent his laboring on the farm, he removed to St. Charles. He bought his present handsome brick residence at the head of Church street, with two lots, in 1882. Mr. Holland took a life partner August 8, 1865, in the person of Mary H. Densmore, who was born in Hancock, Addison county, Vermont, August 3, 1833. They have one son, Edward M., born September 21, 1866. Mr. Holland has no religious views ; Mrs. Holland is a Freewill Baptist. In national and state issues, Mr. Holland has always supported the republican party.

David Harris, farmer, was born in Buckinghamshire, England, December 16, 1835. His education was furnished by the farm and the common school. At seventeen years of age he crossed the Atlantic, and spent tour years at Eaton, Madison county, New York, as a laborer. He came to Minnesota in April, 1856, and bought 160 acres of land on Sec. 23, in the township of Elba, The next fall he returned to New York, and was married there on April 4, 1857, to Sarah A. Firth, who was born in Leeds, England, July 14, 1837. Mr. Harris returned at once to Minnesota with his bride, who was his faithful companion till death took her away, January 31, 1880. She had been in poor health for many years, but remained cheerful under the consolation of the faith of the Methodist Episcopal church. Beside her husband, there were left to mourn her one daughter, Mary E., born February 1, 1858, who married Thomas Selleck, and resides at St. Charles ; also an adopted son, George Harris, born August 25, 1867. Shortly after returning to Minnesota Mr. Harris sold his land and pre-empted forty acres on Sec. 2, town of St. Charles, on which he has ever since continued to reside ; at the same time he purchased adjoining land, and now has 131 acres, constitut- ing an excellent farm. His residence is built of brick and surrounded by shrubbery and tasteful farm belongings. From his door-vard a fine view of tlie surrounding country for many miles can be had on a clear day. On March 5, 1883, Mr. Harris was married to Marv J. Cater, born at Walden, in Lincolnshire, England, January 4, 1830. Mr. Harris is a member of St. Charles Lodge, A. F. and A. M., and is a republican. He was reared in the Episcopal church, with which he still sympathizes in belief, and of which organization his wife is a member. His house has always been o])en to the traveler, and none were ever turned away tired or hungry.

John Hanley is the sixth child of Thomas and Mary Hanley, and was born in Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, November 25, 1836. He was educated in the common schools of that state and came with his father to Minnesota in 1855, and settled in the township of Homer. On January 10, 1861, he married Miss Rose Hogan, fifth child of James H. and Catherine Hogan, by whom he has had six (children : James Francis, born October 23, 1861 ; Willie jSTorman, born June 1, 1867; John Eddie, born November 16, 1870; Thomas Eugene, born October 15, 1874 ; Joseph Earnest, born August 5, 187<J ; Mable Rose, born January 11, 1879. The last and only girl was born on the eighteenth anniversary of their marriage. Mr. Hanley enlisted in Co. D, 7tli Minn. Inf., and served his country honestly and faithfully during his three years' enlistment. He was first engaged in quelling the great Indian outbreak in 1862 and afterward went south where he ])articipated in the battles of Nashville, Tupelo, Mobile and all other engagements in which his regiment fought. Mr. Hanley by his honesty and industry, has acquired a good farm on Homer ridge, seven miles from tlie city of Winona. He has many warm friends and a loving and devoted wife. He has held many township and school offices, and the office of county commissioner. He is a democrat in politics and a Catholic in religion. Mr. Hanley was one of- the early pioneers who helped organize the town and has done much toward the development of his own town and also the county at large. Rose Hanley, his wife, the fifth child of .lames H. and Catherine Hogan, was born in Bristol, Connecticut, September 18, 1844, and removed with her father to Iowa, in 1853, an<l to Minnesota in 1857, and settled in Pickwick, Homer township. Mrs. Hanley was educated in a common school and is a Catholic in religion, and a loving and devoted wife and mother.

in Oneida county, IS'ew York. July 30, 1825. His mother's name before her marriage being Nabby Colbourne. Mr. Joseph S. Frestpn came to Wisconsin in 1836. He was married November 4, 1837, to Miss Mercy A. Way, and started for Minnesota in 1855, and settled in the town of Pleasant Hill, and from there proceeded to the town of Homer in the year 1874. Mr. Preston was educated in the common schools. He was in the construction corps during the war, and is now living with his second wife ; his first, Mercy A., died November 22, 1874, and he married his second, Elizabeth Langley, in 1875. Mr. Preston has held several of the town offices. By his first wife he had four children, Josephine, Eliza Jane, the third dying young, the fourth, Annie. Mr. Preston owns a beautiful farm in Pleasant valley. He is a farmer by profession and democrat in politics.

William E. Walker, farmer, N.E. ^ of N.W. J of Sec. 17, R. 10, township of Saratoga. This farm is part of the original claim, bought by James Walker (father of William E.) and pre-empted by him in 1855. William E, Walker was born in Brandywine, Delaware, and came into Winona county with his father's family when he was eight years of age. He remained at work on the home farm, receiving such educational advantages also as the county schools afforded, until he was sixteen years of age, when he enlisted as a recruit in Co. K, 9th reg., Minn. Inf., mustered into the military service of the United States at Fort Suelling, February 27, 1864, and the following month joined his company at Rolla, Missouri. In May was ordered to St. Louis, Missouri, and participated in the battle of Guntown, Mississippi, fought June 15, 1864. Three days later he was captured, with about three hundred men of the 9th regiment, thirty-two of them being members of his own company (K). He was taken to Andersonville prison-pen on the 20tli of that month, confined there until September 13, 1864, when he was removed to Florence, South Carolina, in which stockade he was confined until November 28, 1864, when he was paroled and sent north to Annapolis hospital, Maryland, There he remained until December 15, of that year, when he was sent north on furlough, being disabled. His furlough was extended from time to time, .he being still unfit for service, until April 4, 1865, when he returned to the South, joining his regiment May 20, at Marion, Alabama, having been detained in camp at Benton barracks, St. Louis. He returned north at the close of the war and was mustered out of service at Fort Snelling

August 20, 1865. Of the thirty-two membei's ot liis cora])any captured with him. all ot whom were able-bodied men, only eleven survived the starvation policy of tlie inhuman confederacy. Returning to his home in Saratoga township, 3'oung Walker remained there until January 3, 1878, when he married Miss L. Draper, of Saratoga, Winona county, and two years later removed to the farm he now cultivates. They have two children. Since his confinement in Audersonville stockade, though then but sixteen years of age. Mr. Walker has not gn^wn a hairsbreadth in height or increased a pound in weight, and will never recover the effects of the barbarous treatment there endured, lie is turning his attention to stock and dairying rather than grain growing. His 1882 crops averaged, per acre - wheat, 12 bushels ; barley, 44 bushels ; oats, 50 bushels ; corn, 50 bushels.

The subject of this sketch, Mark Campbell, the son of Mark and Elizabeth Campbell, was born in Crawford count\% Pennsylvania, April 25, 1833. His father was in the war of 1812. He died in 1870. His business was that of a tanner and farmer, to which the younger Mark was brought up, and received his education in the common schools. He came west at the age of twenty-two and settled in Olmsted county. He was married June 9, 1862, to Miss Aniui Hackett, daughter of Daniel D. and Mary E. (Merely) Hackett. She is a native of Massachusetts. They are the parents of five children : AVilliam Mark, born June 6, 1863; George, born August 6, 1865 ; Sidney, born March 3, 1867; Alice May, born December 3, 1876; PVeddie, born January 6, 1878. For some years after coming here Mr. Campbell teamed between Winona, Chatfield and other places when he was not engaged in farming. In the autumn of 1863 he bought the stock of goods belonging to H. E. Broughten, of Troy, and was at the same time made postmaster at Troy by President Lincoln, a place which he still holds. This business was in connection with one Rice. When Lincoln was assassinated Rice made some unnecessary and impolitic remarks about it, and Mr. Campbell requested him to buy or sell. He sold. The business was continued until 1873 when he closed out his stock, rented the store and went to farminjyj. He now owns a splendid farm of 800 acres. In 1881 he re-opened a store at Ti-oy and lias his son William in charge of the business. He is a member of Evergreen Lodge No. 46, of Masons, at Troy, and is a republican in politics. He and his wife are members of the church of United Brethren in Christ.

James Walker (deceased), one of the pioneers of the county and one of the best and purest of its departed citizens, was born in County Armagh, L-eland, near Port Morris, May 3, 1810. His parents, Kobert and Ann Walker, were farmers. Here James grew to manhood, passing his early days among the sturdy yeomanry of the vicinity. At an early age he went to the trade of a woolen weaver. Tiring of the meniality of an Irish mill-hand in 1832 he came to America, where brains and muscle have more to do in shaping the destinies of men than does their birthright. He stopped first at Philadelphia, where he was superintendent of a woolen factory. Here he met and won Rebecca Anderson. They were married October 20, 1837. Rebecca (Anderson) Walker was born in the town of Borrah, County Tyrone, Ireland, August 3, 1822. Her parents were Wm. and Elizabeth Anderson; her father was a merchant of Borrah, and subsequent to his death in 1836 Rebecca, in company with her sisters and other relatives, came to America. They remained in Plnladelphia until the spring following their marriage, when they went to Valley Forge on the Brandywine, where Mr. Walker superintended the manufactories of Col. Waters. In a short time the colonel went into bankruptcy, and Mr. Walker went to Norristown, but only remained here for a little while when he returned to Philadelphia. From here he went to Wilmington, Delaware, where he superintended woolen and cotton manufactories and kept store for ten years. His health becoming bad in 1850 he sold out and went to Dubuque county, Iowa, where he purchased a farm. He remained here for five years, when he sold out and came to Winona county. He bought out the claimants to half of Sec. 17 in Saratoga township for $600. At the time of his death, on July 14, 1882, he owned a fine farm of 400 acres. At one time Mr. Walker was a member of the Congregational church. He was a republican in politics, and was for some time justice of the peace for Saratoga. He sent two of his sons, Wm. and James, to the war. Mr. and Mrs. Walker had born to them ten children : Robert, born December 28, 1838 ; Eliza Ann, born September 25, 1840 ; Willie, born August 15, 1843, died July 20, 1844; James, born May vember 4, 1856 ; aud Albert T., born February 21, 1859. Although Mr. Walker never attended school a day in his life, he was, through assiduous application in leisure hours, a well informed man.

John E. Balcii, son of Andrew Balch, was born in Westmoreland county, Kew Hampshire, April 27, 1833. He was educated in a common school and emigrated to Minnesota in the year 1855 at the age of twenty-two years, and lirst settled in the town of Warren. He was married September 15, 1859, to Miss Lydia M. Reynolds. Removed from the town of Warren to Dodge county in 1861, and back to the county of Winona in 1869, and settled in the town of Wilson, where he now resides. John E. Balch's father and mother were married in New Hampshire, his mother's maiden name being Louisa Fuller. His mother's grandfather came from England and was a noted physician. Mr. Balch has been twice married ; his first wife Lydia died January 1, 1859. In July, 1859, he married a Miss Margaret Wagner, his present wife. Mr. Balch has had eight children born to him, four boys and four girls. Has held several town offices. Is a practical farmer and an independent democrat in politics.

Lauren Thomas comes of an old and honorable family. His great-grandfather, Amos Thomas, commanded the forces who repulsed the traitor Arnold, after the burning of New London, Connecticut- His grandfather, Amos Thomas, was a captain in the revolution and war of 1812. His father, Rufus Thomas, was born November 13, 1776 ; he was a captain in the war of 1812. Lauren Thomas, our principal subject, was born in Herkimer county, New York, February 24, 1820. He was raised on a farm and received a common school education. In 1835, with his parents, came west, settling at Chicago July 9, where they lived until 1855, when they came to this county. With them they brought 105 head of cattle. He soon went into the mercantile business at Upper Witoka, then called Centerville, and followed it until 1861, when he sold out and went into a general mercantile business at Rushville, which was not successful. In 1867 he went into the general merchandise at Witoka, which he closed out in 1876, since which time he has been engaged in farming and hotel-keej)ing. At the time he lived in Centerville, now Witoka, he kept a hotel at which he could entertain a hundred men and beasts. Mr. Thomas was the first postmaster at Witoka, and the fii-st justice of the peace of his township. He was married September 1, 1844, to Mai'garet Dennison, of Herkimer,

New York, daughter of George and Lucy Dennison, who was born February 2, 1821. This union has been blessed with tliree children : George Thomas, born in July, 1849 ; Amanzo, born October 1^2, 1855 ; Emily, born May 11, 1860. Mr. Thomas is a republican in politics.

Henry A. Young, farmer, was born in Lower Canada, where he resided with his parents, working on the farm and attending district school until his twelfth year, when his father purchased a claim in Whitewater township, and removed there in the spring ot 1855. Henry remained working with his father until 1864, when he joined Co. H of the 11th Minn, regt., at Fort Snelling. He remained with his regiment doing patrol and railroad guard duty until their muster out of service in 1865. Henry, at the close of his military career, returned home, remaining several years, then going to Iowa for a short time, finally coming home again, when, his father dying, he, in connection with his brother, took the management of the farm. Mr. Young has prospered, and is one of the first farmers of the township. Some- few years after his return from the army he married Miss Catherine Bigelow, and has a fine family of six children, all of whom are living. In religious opinion he is a Methodist, and a staunch republican in politics.

William Wolcott, farmer, is an excellent example of what early training and inexorable perseverance will accomplish. Possessed of one of the best farms in the township, an extensive owner of real estate in adjoining towns, an assured competency for his declining years, respected by all who know him and beloved by his family and friends. He entered this township in 1855 with an axe on his shoulder and four dollars in his pocket, - his whole capital, four dollars and an axe. Liured to hardships from his early youth, knowing well the obstacles the early settler has to contend with, but with faith in his own abilities and a strong will power, he tackled his task and succeeded, and right well may he be proud of his success. Born in 1828 on the banks of the Ohio, of English parents, who came to this country a few years previous, and who, through a series of misfortunes, were almost reduced to abject poverty. Some three months after William's birth his mother died, and William was left to the tender mercies of an Indian squaw's care, with whom he remained until his seventh year, when his father also died, and William was adopted by a kind-hearted Kentuckian family, who were going to the western reserves in Ohio. It seemed fated that William's i>'oo(l Ibrtune was to be but of short duration, for two years afterward he was deprived of his friends' protection by death. It having been stated that he had an uncle in western Canada, some neighbors made up a small purse and paid his expenses across Lake Erie, and he was landed at a place now called Port Stanley, with a quarter of a dollar and a written card, stating he was looking for an uncle named John AVolcott. Christian people took charge of the little waif, and he remained some three years among different families in that locality. In his twelftli year, hearing that a man answering his uncle's name resided near Goderich, on the shores of Lake Huron he set out to iind him. After a weary tramp of some 150 miles he arrived only to find his long-sought uncle dead. The aunt, however, took charge of the lad, he was sent to school and given all the advantages tliat that county, at such an early day, aflPorded. Here he grew up to manhood and married a country lass, Mary Whitney, who like himself was an orphan and lived out on the next farm. His aunt luiving died, William rented the farm where he remained until 1852 when he sold out and started west in a sailing vessel, landing at what is now Duluth. He had $700 done up in a belt, and was robbed of it while asleep by a comrade. After undergoing many vicissitudes and hardships he settled on the Whitewater, and four years alter sent to Canada for his bonnie bride. It would take a volume to narrate what Mr. Wolcott and his good wife suffered and went through before they had attained their present comfortable circumstances. Mr. Wolcott has a large family, four sons and three daughters, worthy branches of a worthy tree. Mr. Wolcott's views are independent in both religion and politics.

Lemuel C. Portp:e, long and favorably known as one of Winona's successful pioneer business men, and more generally known of late years at home and abroad as the head of the L. C. Porter Milling Company of Winona, is the son of Lemuel and Lucinda Porter, who removed fi-om Connecticut early in the present century and settled in Scipio, Cayuga county, New York, where Lenmel C. was born April 14, 1823. At fifteen years of age the young man left home to begin life for himself, and entered a general merchandising house at Moravia, in his native county. In 181:7, after nine years' experience as clerk and salesman, with a cash capital of $750, Mr. Porter, then twenty-four years of age, started business as a general merchant on his own account, and successfully conducted it until the spring of 1856, when he sold out, having determined to remove west. Leaving his native county in April of that year, accompanied by his family, he drove his team across the vast reaches that lay between the old homestead and the embryo city on the west bank of the Mississippi, whicli has now been his home for more than a quarter of a century. Arriving at this point in May, Mr. Porter looked the ground carefully over and on June 12, 1856, made liis lirst investment in Winona property. This was the purchase, in connection with Wm. Garlock, of a half interest in the sawmill of Hilands & WyckofF. The real estate of the mill property embraced a tract of land on the levee, block No. 1, Laird's addition. The valuation put upon this property, including the building, was $7,000. The mill had been built by Luther Wyckoff the previous fall and some sawing done in the late winter and spring of 1856, but the old firm were cramped for capital, and on the arrival of Mr. Hilands from Pittsburg early in June of that year, a half interest was sold to Porter & Garlock, who soon afterward bought out Mr. Wyckoif's fourth interest, rebuilt the mill and pushed operations, having expended more in refitting than the original cost had been. Business was conducted under the name of Porter & Co. To the sawmill was added that same fall a planing-mill, adjoining the sawmill on the east, Thomas Simpson being a partner with Porter & Co. in this industry, which was sold the following year to Robbins. The whole business was run successfully until destroyed by fire in 1863. In 1858 Mr. Porter started a grocery house on Center street, to which the following year was added a stock of dry goods owned by Thomas Simpson and the business was conducted by them jointly until 1861, when they sold to Luke Blair. In 1859 the first warehouse for storing and shipping grain ever built in this city was erected by Porter & Garlock on the south side Front street, and in this they continued to do business until 1870, Mr. Porter still retaining his interest in the property. In 1863 (as will be noticed more particularly under head of Banks and Banking Institutions), the first bank of issue was established at this point, with Mr. L. C. Porter as its president, and when the following year the bank became the First National Bank of Winona, Mr. Porter retained his place as its financial heq,d, and has so continued to date. In 1871 Mr. Porter established a flour commission house in the city, and havina; built u}) a large business successfully conducted it until 1871, when he furnished the capital for erecting a large steam flouring mill and turned his attention to milling business ; with what, success will appear from the sketch of his mill and elevator which is given in connection herewith. In addition to his many Winona enterprises, Mr. Porter was successtully engaged in general merchandise and real estate at Kasson, Dodge county, Minnesota, from 1862 to 1882, at which latter date he sold out his interest there, which was a])- praised at $40,000. March 4, 1852, Mr. L. C. Porter married Miss Adelea Horton, of Skaneateles, Onondaga county. New York ; and the thirtieth anniversary of their wedding was celebrated by them in mid-ocean on their return from a winter's sojourn in Euroj^e. They have three children : C. Horton Porter, vice-president of the First National Bank, of this city; Adelbert Porter, assistant manager of the mill business, and Miss Lillie Porter, now pursuing hei' studies in Dresden, Germany. Mr. Porter has recently been conducting some very interesting experiments to determine the quantity of gluten in various brands ot wheat and the milling process best calculated to preserve the gluten from destruction. During his recent visit to the British Islands and the continent the subject was brought to the attention of prominent millers there, and the correspondence that has followed in the Millers' Gazette of London, England, has been of a most interesting character. Mr. Porter is emphatically a man of business, and while fully alive to all that makes for the interest of Winona, municipally as well as financially, has never burdened himself with the affairs of city government.

John A. Mathews, real estate and loan office. No. 74 East Third street. This business was established by Mr. Mathews in 1855, in Dr. Sheardown's drug store on Front street, just opposite the old United States land office. The following year, 1856, Mr. Mathews built an office on the south side of Front street, in the rear of the lots on which E,. D. Cone's hardware house now stands, and cf)nducted business there until he was burned out in 1862. His office was then removed to the east side of Center street, between Second and First, where it was again destroyed by fire. Mr. Mathews then took up his quarters in Helbert's block, removing to the second story of E. F. Mens' block in 1871, and December 1, 1877, to his present location. Mr. Mathews is a native of New York; was bred to mercantile trade in his father's business house, and was ten years in trade at Tioga, Pennsylvania, seven of them for himself, before coming to Winona. Mr. Mathews has been mayor of the city three times," 1868-9, 1869-70, 1873-4.

was one of the very first to take up a claim in the township of Plain view, Wabasha county, settling there about the year 1855. He subsequently removed to Whitewater, owning several farms. He had considerable dealings in real estate, buying and selling, as occasion ottered, and was considered one of the best judges of farm property in Wabasha and Winona. His judgment was consulted by most new comers, and he was instrumental in settling a lar^e number who are now the most substantial residents of the county. He was very frequently solicited to take public office, but invariably refused, giving as his reason, that no man could serve two masters satisfactorily, he would either have to neglect his own interests or those of the public, and he preferred to attend to his own. He received a liberal common school education in his native state, Vermont, and was always a warm supporter of the school system of the county. He married in 1860 Miss Mary Webster, a cousin to whom he had been warmly attached before he came west. When he had erected a home in the Far West, he returned to Vermont for his bride. But one child blessed their union, a daughter who is married to a gentleman named H. J. Cleaver, who is in business in Lake City. Mr. Webster caught a severe cold, and after a very short illness died September 26, 1876, aged fifty-seven years.

John Bole, farmer, was born in County Down, Ireland, on Christmas day, 1830. His father, Hugh Bole, was a forehanded farmer, and gave his son a better education than most of the youth - of that land receive. After leaving the common school he was kept at a select school for some time. When twenty-two years old Mr. Bole emigrated to that land of promise to all oppressed people, America. After spending a short time in St. Louis he came up the Mississippi river, and landed at Winona in October, 1853. The following winter was spent in the township of St. Charles, where he erected a small cabin. In February, 1854, he made a government claim to 160 acres of land, where he has ever since made his home,, on Sec. 34, in the town of Elba. By subsequent purchase he has. acquired 120 acres more, and has a handsome farm, with handsome buildings and other improvements, as the result of his foresight and industry. Over 200 acres of the land is under cultivation. Mr. Bole was reared in the Presbyterian church, but was not satisfied with its teachings. He has spent considerable time and travel within a few years in investigating religious theories. He is now a. Perfectionist, believing that God will come and dwell within the true seeker on eartli and make his life and being perfect. Unlike most of his countrvinen in America, or his fellow townsmen, he adheres to the rej)ubli('an ])nrty in political issues. His intelligence and education were immediately called into use in the service of the town on its oi-ganization in 1858. He was elected assessor at that time, and filled the position for several successive terms. In 1865 lie was chairman of the town board, and in 1872 was elected justice of the peace, which office lie held for some time. Mr. Bole was married on the 16th of .January, 1858, to Margaret Connell, who was born in Crooks, County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1835. Seven children out of twelve born to them still live to claim the parental afi'ection of Mr. and Mrs. Bole. Their names and births are given below: Hugh, October 18, 1858, resides at Eldredge, Dakota; Mary, September 15, 1860, married Henry Cornwell, and resides near Hugh ; Robert, December 29, 1862 ; Alexander, October 31, 1870 ; Maggie, April 22, 1876. John, born May 21, 1868, died October 8, 1882 ; and a twin brother of Hugh died in early infancy. Henry Connell, Mrs. Bole's first child, was born July 3, 1855 ; he married Etta Green, and is living at Clausen, Minnesota.

William Henry Williams, farmer, came to Winona county in 1853, and for two years lived in a tent pitched where now stands the city of Winona. During this time he assisted settlers in obtaining land and building claim shanties. In 1857 he started a stage line running between Winona and Rochester. In 1861 he married Miss Mary Sands, daughter of Joseph Sands, of Indiana, and has by this marriage six children : Abbie Lenora, born December 23, 1861 ; Willie H., born 1863, died the same year ; Zemas E., born 1864; Lena Bell, born 1869, died 1870 ; Florence Josepha, born in 1876, and Jessie, born in 1879. In 1865 our subject joined the 11th Reg. Minn. Inf., and served one year. After his discharge he settled with his family in the town of Whitewater and pre-empted 80 acres of land on the Winona road, one-half mile east from Whitewater river, where he now resides. Our subject was born in 1835, in the town of Chester, New Jersey, where he lived with his parents until 1851, when he removed to JSTew York for two years and then came to Minnesota. He has for the last four years run a stage between Elba and Minneiska and between Oak Ridge and Minnesota City. In politics he always votes the democratic ticket, and in religious views he is a Freethinker.

Minnesota ; he was born at Fennimore Center, Grant county, Wisconsin, May 10, 1S48, and caine to Minnesota with his parents in October, 1854. His father settled on a farm in the town of Elba, this county, where he received his schooling in the common schools. At iifteen years of age, with a younger brother, he ran away from home and enlisted at Minneiska in Co. K, 9tli Minn. Inf. The date of his enlistment was November 12, 1863, and he was mustered out January 4 following. Soon after muster his father secured his release from the service on account of his youth, and brought him home. After spending the following summer at home, he again enlisted with his lather's consent in. Co. I, 2d Minn. Cav., December 12, 1864. This regiment served as post-guard most of the time. Company I, with H, K and L, served as escort for an emigrant train from Fort Snelling to Fort Rice ; also as escort for the agent who settled with the Chippewa Indians at Lake Itasca in 1865. Mr. Crow was discharged from the service on November 22, 1865. After his return home he attended school at Quincy, Olmsted county, a short time. In 1868 he went to Pope county, Minnesota, where he engaged in farming, taking up a quarter-section of public land. In 1870 he went to Mobile, Alabama, where he spent eighteen months ; thence he went to Mexico City, and again returned to Mobile. In 1872 he went to Shreveport and thence to Clinton, Texas, between which point and Locust Grove he drove stage a year and a-half. Returning up the Mississippi, he proceeded to Centerville, Iowa, where he hired out to farmers. Here he formed the acquaintance of Miss Martha J. Cougar, to whom he was married on January 7, 1875 ; she is a daughter of Elias G. Congar and Rebecca Patterson, and was born in Guernsey county, Ohio, October 22, 1845. After renting land some time in Iowa, Mr. Crow proceeded to Osborne county, Kansas, where he took up a homestead, of which he secured a deed, and returned in 1882 to Minnesota and settled on his father's farm of 320 acres on Sec. 3, St. Charles. Of this farm 280 acres are under cultivation. Mr. Crow is a republican in politics. His religious belief is in sympathy with that of his wife, who is a strong Methodist. They have three children, born as follows : Elias Y. A., October 28, 1875 ; Mary R., August 20, 1878 ; Roxie v., March 10, 1883.

Addison E. Todd (deceased) was reared on a farm in the town of Charlemont, Franklin county, Massachusetts, where he first saw light on July 22, 1821. His father, Eli Todd, was born in New

Haven, Connecticut; he married Mary Legate, a native of Massachusetts, and settled in Charlemont, where the subject of this sketch assisted him in the tilhige of his farm, attending the district school a part of the time. On reaching liis majority 3'oung Todd struck out for the west, and was employed in the sawmills of Lenawa county, Michigan, for several years. Returning to Massaclmsetts, he purchased a piece of timbered land on Gilead Mountain and engaged in preparing "shook," or dressed staves, which were shipped to the West Indies to be used in barreling sugar. In 1854, with his brother Dexter, he came to Minnesota, and was employed for a time to assist in building and operating a sawmill on Rum river, near the mouth of that stream. Passing thence to Iowa, he returned in the fall to the east. In the spring of 1855 Mr. Todd again came to this state, arriving at Elba in April, and bought the claim to 160 acres of land on Sees. 6 and 7, where he made his home till the time of his death (September 14, 1878), and where his family now resides. In 1856 he built a sawmill on Sec. 8, opposite the present residence of his brother, L. U. Todd, which he operated for four years, and then removed it to Sec. 6, where it still stands and does duty. In the meantime improvements were made on the farm, and by various purchases the domain had increased at his death to 360 acres. Mr. Todd was a positive democrat; he was active in supporting the government in the suppression of the late rebellion. At one time he advanced one thousand dollars from his own pocket for bounty to volunteers ; this sum was subsequently paid over to him by the town. During much of his residence here he was called upon to serve the town in some capacity ; he was chairman of the board of supervisors in 1861-2-3-4, throughout the war, and again in 1871 ; he was also active in the support of schools, and was an officer of his district most of the time. On March 22, 1860, A. E. Todd was united in marriage to Miss Isabella Bass, who was born in Greenfield, Franklin count}', February .13, 1833 ; her parents, Nathaniel and Mary (Holden) Bass, were also born in the same county. Besides his widow, five children mourn the loss of a kind husband and father ; their names and dates of birth are as here given : Oliver S., August 14, 1861 ; Mary A., August 14, 1864; Charles A., November 8, 1866; Katie B., February 20, 1871; Addie E., May 25, 1878. The eldest two celebrated their freedom on the same day August 14, 1882.

September 22, 1828 ; he experienced the same training and early life as his brothers, and left tlie paternal roof at Charlemont when about twenty-two years of age. From this time until he was twentyfive he worked in the timber most of the time getting out " shook." In the spring of 1854 he came with his brother, as above noted, to Minnesota, and was employed during the summer on a dam and mill on Rum river ; the following winter was spent in the pinery on the same stream, and in the spring he came to Elba, arriving soon after his brothers, and took up 160 acres of land on Sec. 8, where he now resides. He at once began to improve his farm, and in the summer of 1856 built the first frame house in the Whitewater valley. Returning to Massachusetts in 1858, he was married there to Elizabeth Elmer, who was born in Ashfield, July 17, 1835 ; she was a daughter of Zenas Elmer and Julia Smith, who were also born in Massachusetts. Mr. Todd and his bride at once settled- down on his farm, which he continued to improve and add to till he now has one of the most pleasant homes in the valley ; the farm now includes 253 acres, on Sees. 5, 8 and 9 ; the present residence was enlarged and remodeled in the summer of 1883. Like his brethren, Mr. Todd was always a pronounced democrat, but took no active part in the management of public affairs. His family includes six children, all residing with their parents. They were born as follows : Jennie A., May 28, 1860 ; Edward E., March 29, 1862 ; Cora F., September 24, 1865; Hattie M., February 14, 1867; Roy M., September 7, 1869 ; Ida B., June 4, 1874.

Lorenzo U. Todd, farmer, is a brother of the above. November 16, 1832, is the date of his birth. He had a little better educational advantages than his elder brothers, having finished his studies at an academy. He engaged in teaching for a short time, one term being in the west, after his removal thither. He came to Elba in April, 1855, with his elder brother as above noted, and made claim to onefourth of Sec. 8, on which his home has ever since been. Various additions, since made by purchase, have enlarged his farm to 264 acres ; it is finely improved with good buildings, etc., and its proprietor diversifies his interests by raising stock as well as grain. His premises are admirably adapted for stock-raising, the north branch of the Whitewater furnishing abundance of living water and its valley a wealth of pasturage. Mr. Todd was wedded to Ellen Preston on March 3, 1859 ; she is a daughter of Hiram and Adassa (Wilson) Preston, of New York, and was born August 31, 1836.

Six children have been born to thein as follows, and all still dwell beneath the parental roof: Hoi'bert P., March 14, 1860; Adelia E., October 5, 1861 ; Frances L., January 8, 1864 ; Lena E., A])ril 8, 1866; Electa E., January 7, 1869; Lorenzu U., November 26, 1870. In religious belief Mr. Todd is a Universalist ; in politics he has always been a democrat ; was elected justice of the peace in 1857, being the first in the township, and served till the state organization next year ; he was town treasurer in 1859-60-1 ; overseer of the poor in early days ; member of the town board in 1875 and chairman of that body and justice in 1883.

WiNSLow Talougan, farmer, has been a resident of Elba since April 30, 1855, living at his present residence on Sec. 16, where he has 200 acres of land, since 1860. He was born in Prussia, May 1, 1824. He attended school, as required by the laws of his native country, and subsequently assisted his father in farming. At twenty-two years of age he came to America and settled in Erie county, New York, where he was employed on a farm and in the lumber woods. On the 5th of Ai)ril, 1853, he married Theresa Maas, who was born in Prussia, April 28, 1828. On his removal to Elba he took up eighty acres of government land on Sec. 13 ; this he sold in 1860 and bought eighty acres where he now dwells. Subsequent purchases have m;ule him an independent farmer. The family, numbering ten members, is connected with the Elba Roman (yatholic church, and the voters with the democratic party. The names and births of the children are as follows : Mary, February 7, 1854, married Nicholas Steften, and resides in Elba village ; Joseph, December 15, 1856, lives at Elba ; Josephine, February 20, 1859, married Adam Stolz, and lives at Man to, Dakota; Antony, December 13, 1860; Sophie and Elizabeth, twins. May 26, 1864 ; Loiiis, November 21, 18^7 ; Theresa, June 20, 1871.

William Hk]\lmp:lbekg, farmer. The subject of this sketch is one of the pioneers who penetrated the untrodden valleys of the lower Whitewater basin, and has established a home which is a monument to his hardihood and industry, and where he may sometime end his days amid the comforts which his own toil has earned. Mr. Hemmelberg was born in Wesel, Prussia, February 25, 1830. He was bred after the manner of German farmers' sons, assisting in his parents' labors and receiving the practical education enjoined by German laws. When twenty-one years old he emigrated to the land of promise west of the Atlantic, and settled in Erie county,

New York, where he labored in the pinery, shingle mills and on farms. On the 19th of April, 1855, he was married to Catherine Klein. She was a daughter of Philip Klein and Josephine Kiefer, natives ol Loraine and Alsace, Germany. She was born in Buffalo, New York, August 5, 1838. Immediately after their wedding Mr. and Mrs. Hemmelberg set out for the new west, and arrived in Elba on the 4th of May. They immediately selected their present location on Sec. 11, where he made claim to 160 acres of government land. Mrs. H. took her first ride after oxen in coming from the Mississippi river to Elba. She found the lonely life of a pioneer settler very irksome to reconcile with her city breeding, and as female companionship could not be had she returned to Buffalo after a stay of about tliree months. The next spring she returned, accompanied by her mother and several new families, and they were very soon surrounded by other homes. Mr. Hemmelberg now resides with his family in a large stone residence, and has a handsomely improved farm. Agreeing with his neighbors in politics, he is a democrat. His family are all communicants in the Elba Roman Catholic church, in which Mrs. Hemmelberg is very active in teaching tlie children. Five children were born to them, as herewith enumerated : William, March 30, 1856, now in Texas; Louis, February 20, 1859, died April 23, 1882 ; Louisa, May 10, 1863 ; Albert, January 19, 1870 ; Mary, June 19, 1876, died October 19, 1878. Mr. Hemmelberg enlisted, August 23, 1864, in Co. H, 11th Minn. Vols,, and served till June 26, 1865, being stationed on guard duty most of the time at Nashville, Tennessee.

Andrew Burgee, farmer, a native of Alsace, now part of Germany, was born June 23, 1821. At seventeen years old he came to America, and worked at farm labor in Oneida, Erie and Orleans counties. New York, for several years. When twenty-three years old he went to Canada, and thence to Hillsdale county, Michigan, where he worked on the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern railroad. In 1851 he went to Indiana and then to Louisiana, working at farm and plantation labor. In 1852 he went to California, and after losing his all two or three times in the mines, engaged in farming and threshing. Having secured a small- capital, he left California in the spring of 185S, and arrived in Elba, where he had friends, on the 15th of May ; he immediately entered a claim to 160 acres of government land on Sec. 11, and has ever since dwelt thereon. He now has 400 acres on Sec. 6, 7, 10 and 11, of which over 200 acres are under the ])1()W. On July 5, 1877, his large barn was burned by lightning, and has not been rebuilt. He lives in a line large liouse, and iias every comfort a farmer may crave, the product ot liis own .industry. He is a member of the Roman Catholic society of Elba, which held its meetings in his house for many years. He was town supervisor in 1865 ; was formerly democrat, now independent.

David R. Holbrook, farmer, is descended from an Englishman wlu) was belieaded after the war tor the kingdom of Scotland for espousing the cause of the latter country. His four sons were exiled for their part in the contest, and settled in America. The father of this subject (Peter Holbrook), was born in New Hampshire, married Amy Keed, of the same state, and settled on a farm in Swansea. Here D. R. Holbi-ook was born February 7, 1814; he attended the common school of his native town during the winter till sixteen years old. From twenty years of age till forty he worked at getting out staves for the West India trade ; he bought timber and employed men in })reparing "shook," as the packages of prepared staves are called. On December 17, 18-46, D. R,. Holbrook and Mary O. Todd were united in marriage ; the bride was a sister of A. E. Todd, whose parentage is given elsewhere. After sharing her husband's toils and triumphs in the development of this country, Mrs. Holbrook died, from the effects of cancer, on October 4, 1869. In the spring of 1855 Mr. Holbrook came with his family to this township and settled on a quarter-section of government land on Sec. 9, where he still dwells. His domain now includes 220 acres of land, and he is reckoned among our prosperous and indejiendent citizens. Notwithstanding his age, Mr. Holbrook continues to engage in the arduous toil incident to a farmer's life. He is a universalist in religious belief; has always been a democrat; served the town as treasurer in 1S69-70-1-2-4-5. Of the five children given to him, but three are now living, and none of them are at home. Here is the family record: Edward T., born October 2, 1847, married Susan W. Drullard in California, January 11, 1878, and died in St. Charles on the 7th of April following; Frank, born Nov^ember 10, 1850, lives in Olmsted county ; Fred M.. born December 2, 1854, died June 5, 1863; Peter E., born September 27, 1858 ; Jane E., born March 25, 1864, now in California.

Wasem, natives of Prussia, who settled at Rolling Stone, in this county, in the year 1855. The snbject of this sketch was born in Ragersville, Tuscaraugus county, Ohio, May 29, 1838. He was therefore seventeen years old when he arrived in Minnesota, and at this time had attended English schools but very little ; two terms in the primitive schools at Rolling Stone completed his education, as far as school privileges contributed thereto. However, his natural talents led him to self-cultivation, and he is now numbered among our well-informed business men. He was soon compelled to engage in active life, in assisting his parents to develop a farm. He has probably broken up as much new land as any one in the state, having taken an active part in the breaking of over 1,500 acres. He broke up the sod on the site of the present village of Rolling Stone with eight yokes of oxen. He relates that during the first winter after their arrival here his father bought a barrel of cornmeal in Winona for which he was compelled to pay $10, and then incur an expense of $6 to get it hauled home. After working out among farmers a few seasons, young Wasem invested in land of his own, purchasing 40 acres in the town of Mount Vernon. On the 4th of October, 1864, he enlisted as a recruit in Co. K, 1st Minn. Heavy Artillery, and served as corporal till discharged on the 7th of July, 1865. This regiment was stationed most of the time at Chattanooga, Tennessee, where, for a period of forty-five days, each man was compelled to subsist on a ration of three hardtacks per day. On the 15th of November, 1865, Mr. Wasem was united in marriage to Miss Mary Amos, who was born in the same locality as himself February 2, 1850. After living on his land till 1871 he sold it and bought eighty acres in the town of Quincy, Olmsted county, which he tilled eight years and then sold. After carrying on the machine business at Rolling Stone two years he settled at St. Charles, where he has territory assigned to him and acts as a direct agent for several first-class farm machines. He is a member of the Evangelical church, and a republican, and was constable of the town of Mount Yernon eight years. His family includes seven children, born as follows : Jacob, November 2, 1866 ; Katy, March 9, 1868 : Christie, July 15, 1872 ; William, June 15, 1874 ; Susan, March 1, 1876 ; Benjamin, September 7, 1879 ; Rosa, August 6, 1881.

William Gainey (deceased) was a native of Ireland, being born in County Cork in 1823. Assisted his parents in farming till twentyeight years old, and then set out for the refuge of all oppressed nations, America. He at first settled in the State of New York, and married Nelly McCarthy on the* 15th of December, 1854. Mrs. Gainey was born in Cork, October 16, 1835, and still resides with her children on the estate of her late husband. In 1855 Mr. Gainey came to Minnesota, and dwelt in Winona for two years. He bought 160 acres of land in St. Charles township, on which he lived a short time. In 1859 he sold, and bought a part ot the present estate on Sec. 22. Subsequent purchases increased the estate to 280 acres, of which M. W. Gainey, the elder son, has 80 on Sec. 15, and Patrick 80 on Sec. 22. Mr. Gainey was a man of integrity and intelligence, and the esteem of his fellow townsmen was shown in 1879 by electing him a member of the town board of supervisors. His eldest son now fills the same position, and is in every way worthy to follow in his father's footsteps. William Gainey died of cancer of the stomach on the 10th of June, 1882. He was a communicant in the St. Charles Roman Catholic church, as are all his family. Beside the widow, nine children survive him, all living on the old homestead and unmarried. Here are their names and dates of birth : Michael W., September 25, 1856; Patrick, March 20, 1858; Mary, December 20, 1859; Ellen, March 28, 1863; Maggie, June 20, 1864 ; William, August 15, 1866 ; John, July 15, 1868 ; Eliza, August 1, 1870 ; Dennis, April 1, 1873.

David Finley, farmer, settled in Whitewater in 1855, having purchased eighty acres of school land in Sec. 16, T. 108, E.. 10. He was married in 1828, to Freanah Kiser, born in Switzerland in 1808, and by this marriage had seven children. Our subject was born in 1803, in New Jersey, and died in 1877. His wife, Freanah (Kiser) Finley, died in 1881. Sarah E. (Finley) Graff, the only child of our subject now living (1883), was born about 1829, and in 1870 married Jacob Graff, born in Germany in 1844, by which marriage she has had three children: Ella F., born 1872; George W., born 1873; Ada S. E., born 1875. Mrs. Graff now owns the farm bought by her father, also eighty acres in Sec. 21, T. 108, R. 10.

George Warner, livery, feed and sale stables, corner of Third and Walnut streets. Mr. Warner, after residing at Woodstock, Illinois, came from that place to Winona on Mai-ch 28, 1856. Here he at once established himself in the livery and stage business, in comi)any with H. S. Terry, their stables being on Third street, between Main and Johnson, where the old Iliggs' building now stands. Their stage route was opened to Rochester, Olmsted county.

April 8, 1856, and the route gradually extended to Faribault, with a branch mail route to Chatfield. This partnership was maintained until the summer of 1857, and when it was dissolved Mr. Warner's connection with the stage route ceased. He continued business at the original stand until 1861, when he bought the lot on the northwest corner of Third and Washington street, removed his livery buildings to that location and conducted the business thereuntil 1871 when he sold out to D. J. Pettis. This sale included with the livery stable, the blacksmith shop on the rear end of the lot, which Mr. Warner built in 1862, and is now the front thirty feet of the blacksmith shop of Heller & Perrot. For the next ten years Mr. Warner was variously employed. Several years of that time in his old business at the old stand, which he rented, and also in Dakota. Keturned to this city from Dakota in 1881, he opened business at the old stables for the third time, continued there one year and removed to his present location. Mr. Warner resides on the corner of Winona and Wabasha streets ; has two daughters, both married. One to J. H. Jones, secretary of the city gas works, and one to Mr. Blake, commercial traveler.

E. A. Gerdtzen, real estate and loan agency. No. 53 East Third street. Mr. Gerdtzen is a native of Hamburg, Germany; was educated at Kiel and at Berlin, partially completed a course of legal study and then turned his attention to civil engineering and architecture, pursuing his studies in that department for two years. In 1849 he came to America, settled on a farm in Wisconsin where he remained but a short time, then, after a year's travel through the northwest, engaged in mercantile business at Davenport, Iowa, in 1852. Carae to Winona just before the land sale of 1855, spent two weeks, returned to Davenport for the winter, and on April 28, in the following spring, made a permanent residence in this city. December 31 of that year, 1856, he was appointed notary public, and was engaged in conveyancing and real estate until 1857, when on the incorporation of the city he was elected city recorder, and held the office three years. April, 1861, he was appointed clerk of the district court, to fill a vacancy, Hon. Thomas Wilson on the bench, and the following fall was regularly elected to that office, which he continued to hold by successive re-elections until 1878, his whole term of ofiice being nearly seventeen years. Was admitted to the bar at the spring term of court 1863, having passed his examination in open court. Is not in general practice, confining himself to probate

Daniel Evans, justice of the peace, office at 18 E. Second street. Mr. Evans was elected to his present office in 1880, re-elected in 1882. He is now serving his second terra which expires April 1, 1884. Though not technically a police justice, most of the police business comes before Mr. Evans, and is transacted at this office. Mr. Evans is a native of Vermont ; passed his early life in New Hampshire, and was in inercantile business in New York and collector of tolls before coming to Winona in May, 1856. Was in the United States land office at this point until its removal to Faribault in 1857, when he commenced dealing in real estate, in which he has been more or less interested ever since. From 1861 to 1864 was engaged in securing the right of way for the Winona & St. Peter railway and in locating town sites along the prospected line. Mr. Evans has been intimately identified with the city government since his residence here. Was for twelve years a member of the city council, his last term of service expiring in 1875.

Wm. Gaelock, capitalist. Mr. Wm. (Tarlock has been a resident of this Qity since June, 1856, and from that date directly concerned in its business enterprises. Immediately upon his arrival here, in connection with L. C. Porter, he bought the sawmill interest of Mr. Wyckhoff, of the firm of Wyckhoff & Hiland, and was interested in that business until 1860. In 1858 he traded lumber for the first load of flour offered in this market, the wheat for which was ground in Huff's old mill, and this flour was in turn traded for logs. That same year he built the warehouse in which he is now doing business, and old frame building on the south side of Front street, opposite the big mill elevator, and was for several years one of the heaviest grain operators in the city. Upon tlie organization of the Bank of Southern Minnesota in 1860, he became vice-president of that institution in which he was a stockholder to the amount of $17,000. This interest he sold out some four or five years later. At present, Mr. Garlock is not very actively engaged in business other than in looking after the interests of his own property. He has always stood ready to encourage the manufacturing industries of the city, and hokls stock in some of these enterprises. He is also a stockholder of the Second National Bank of Winona, of which his son, W. H. Garlock, is cashier. He has but one other child, a daughter, married and removed from the city.

C. Heintz & Brother, wholesale and retail dealers in clothing, hats, caps, trunks and gents' furnishing goods, 40 East Second street. This business was established in the spring of 1856 by the present proprietors, in a small frame building on Walnut street, between Second and Front, which they rented of H. B. Upman. The year following, they purchased property on Second street, between Walnut and Lafayette, removed their business to that location and there remained until 1861, when they took up their quarters on the south side of Second street, between Center and Lafayette, nearly opposite their present location. From this place they were driven by the disastrous tire of 1862, in which they suffered a loss of $1,000. They then returned to their old location between Lafayette and Walnut, remained one year, and then in 186H, having sold that property, removed to 50 East Second street, one door east of R. D. Cone's hardware house. Here they remained eight years, until they were again burned out in February, 1871. Removing temporarily to the opposite side of the street, they purchased the property they now occupy and took possession of it that same spring. Their house is a substantial two-story and basement brick, stone foundations, fronting twenty feet on Second street, with a depth of 120 feet, the whole occupied with their stock. Trade has gradually increased until they maintain a branch store in Watertown, Dakota. Do quite an extensive jobbing trade along the railway lines leading westward from the city, and carry on a heavy retail trade at home. The operations of the house give employment to a force of twelve persons, besides the proprietors, who are always found on duty behind their own counters.

C. Heintz and brother are natives of Hesse Darmstadt, Germany, were bred to the tailor's trade and followed that occupation prior to coming to America. C. Heintz left Germany for the United States in 1850, and worked at his trade in Milwaukee and Cincinnati before coming to Winona. His brother, L. Heintz, came to the United States in 1853, worked at his trade in Milwaukee three years, tlien came to this city with his brother in 1856, when they established their present business, which has had a successful career of over twenty-six years. The firm is represented in the board of trade, and both brothers are members of the Ancient Order of Druids.

William Persons, farmer, has been a resident of this county since 1856. He was born at Blackford, Somersetshire, England, May 29, 1835. Sarah Meads was born at Mark, Somersetshire, June

13, 1835 ; she was married to William Persons on August 22, 1855. In the spring of the following year, they set out, in company with Mr. Persons' parents and family ior America, and landing at New Orleans proceeded up the Mississippi to Winona. After paying for his first night's lodging in Winona, Mr. Persons had but seventyfive cents left. The party set out on foot in the morning and arrived at St. Charles the same day. Our subject at once engaged with W. A. Jones, a prominent farmer and capitalist of that township, and worked for him the first two years of his residence here. He also split a great many rails by the piece, and sowed many thousand acres of grain. On one occasion, on a wager, he sowed forty acres of grain in a single day's work, receiving a bonus of five dollars from the owner of the land sowed in addition to his regular stipend per acre. During one season he sowed 376 acres of grain. In the spring of 1866 Mr. Persons bought eighty acres of land on Sec. 1, Saratoga township, where his home has ever since been. He has now 162 acres of finely improved land, and is prosperous ; he now enjoys the benefit of his pioneer industry. Mr. and Mrs. Persons were early trained in the Episcopal church, and still cherish the faith of that body ; the former has always voted with the republican party, and served his school district as treasurer for five years. Seven children are living to bless the parents of this family, one having died at the age of seventeen. Here is the record of births, etc : Reve, July 12, 1856 ; resides with parents. Emily J., February 27, 1858 ; died February 15, 1875. Henrietta, April 15, 1859 ; married Perry Schermerhorn ; lives in St. Charles township. Frank, February 26, 1861 ; home with parents. Celia, December 5, 1863 ; married Sumner W. Orr ; resides at Marshall, Minnesota. Jesse, March 16, 1865. William Oliver, July 11, 1866.

Thomas A. Richakdson, watchmaker and jeweler. No. 3, Richardson's Block. This business was established in 1871 by the elder brother of the present proprietor, into whose hands it came by purchase in 1879. He is a member of the Winona board of trade, and of the various masonic bodies of the city ; is the present master , of Winona Lodge, No. 18, A. F. and A. M., and a most efficient presiding officer. Mr. Thos. A. Richardson was born in Pittsburgii, Pennsylvania, and was only an infant of three months when his parents removed to Winona early in 1856. His father, William Richardson, builder of the block which now bears his name, was for many years in the dry-goods business in this city, and for the greater part of the time in the bh:»ck where his own structure stands. His first location was facing Center street where the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul offices now are, from which he removed in 1862 to the north side Second street, where, in July of that year, he was burned out and returned to the old location. His business partnerships were principally with his own brother Alexander, and Dr. E. T. Clark, now deceased. The Richardson block, completed in 1871, is a two-story brick with stone basement fronting 93^ feet on Third street and 96 feet on Center. The first floor occupied by drygoods, drug and jewelry houses, the second floor by offices. Mr. Wm. Richardson died May 31, 1874, leaving a wife and six children, five of whom reside in the city. Of his estate, still undivided, the Richardson block is a part.

John Dobbs, member of the firm of D. Sinclair & Co., owners and publishers of the daily and weekly "Republican" of this city, and bookbinders and publishers. Mr. Dobbs is a native of Troy, New York, in which city and in Albany, New York, he learned his trade as a bookbinder, serving two and a-half years in the bindery of the "Albany Evening Journal," and working five years with Frazer, of Troy. In 1849 he left the east for California, and was there until 1852, engaged in mining operations. Returning to Albany he remained in that city until 1856 when he came to Winona county and settled on a farm in Fremont township, where he farmed three years and returned to fill his place in the bindery of the " Albany Journal," from which place he came in the spring of 1863, to take charge of the bindery in the " Repub. liean " office in this city, then owned by Messrs. D. Sinclair and G. W. Dje. That same year he bought out the bindery department of the " Republican " and conducted it as a separate establishment until 1866, when the entire concern was burned out. He then took a onethird interest in the entire business, devoting himself as before to the management of the bindery, and this interest he still retains. Mr. Dobbs was long connected with the volunteer fire department of the city, and for five years of the time was its treasurer, serving also as assistant engineer for three terms. Mr. Dobbs is married, has six children living, all boys. Three of them are grown up, absent from the city in business for themselves, the others are at home, one in attendance at school in this city.

bury in 1S56, the same year that he came to Winona, wlio was then engaged as drauglitsraan and contractor. Since 1865 his business has been exclusively that of an architect. They occupy a pleasant set of otHces and keep two assistants constantly employed. C. G. May bury was born in Cortland county. New York, in 1880, where he served a reguhir aj^prenticeship of five and a-half years to the business of draughting and contracting. This business he followed for nine years after coming to Winona, during which' time he had as business associates, at different times, C. D. Smith and A. W, Gage, both well known builders ot this city. Since confining his attention to architecture exclusively Mr. Maybury was alone in business until January 1, 1881, when his son became a partner. During the past eighteen years Mr. Maybury has drawn the plans for a great portion of the work in southern Minnesota, and the firm is now extensively engaged on church and school plans for Dakota, in which they give special attention to the most perfect systems of ventilation. The house competes successfully with the best architects of the larger cities. The new Presbyterian church at La Crosse was constructed from their plans, as were some of the Minneapolis churches, and not less than forty to fifty school buildings and churches in this state. Mr. Maybury was an active member of the city board of education for four years, is a member and director of the board of trade, and treasurer of Winona Lodge, No. 117, Equitable Aid Union. Married ; wife and five children living, all residing at home except the eldest daughter.

S. C. White, wholesale and retail grocer, northwest corner Center and Second streets. This house was established in 1856, on Front street, o])posite the present site of Porter's mill, under the firm name of White & Fuller, became S. C. White in 1858, and lias so continued. In 1860 Mr. White removed to his present location, and two years later built his grocery house, 23x90 feet, which in 1868 was extended to 140 feet. The first business of the house was in flour, grain and provisions, their flour trade being exceptionally lieavy, as no flour was manufactured at that time in this section. In 1858 Mr. Wliite commenced bu3dng wheat, which he carried on as a separate industry until 1865, since which time he has confined his trade to groceries, fruit and provisions. His trade has now become largely a wholesale one, and it is his intention to make it exclusively so. The business of the house employs a house force of five and two traveling salesmen. Trade extends west to Fort Pierre, north on the St. James river branch of the Chicago & Northwestern railway to Ordwaj, about seventy-iive miles eastward into Wisconsin, and annual sales are from $250,000 to $300,000. Mr. White is a native of Yermont, and was clerk in Whitehall, in his native state, prior to coming to Winona in 1856. He is a member and director of the board of trade.

Jacob Story, judge of probate court of Winona county, is a native of Massachusetts, a graduate of Yale College, class of 1844, and of the Dane law school, Cambridge, class of 1846. Was in the practice of his profession at Boston prior to coming to Winona in 1856. Has never been actively engaged in law practice in this city. In 1862 he was elected a justice of the peace and has retained that office by successive elections. In 1868 Mr. Story was elected judge of the probate court, a position he has now hlied for the past fourteen years, and, judging from present appearances, seems likely to fill for years to come.