Winona County, Minnesota - Biographical sketches (3 of 4 so headed), 1883 (part 1 of 3)

Biographical sketches

Thomas Chappell, blacksmith; shop on Lafayette street, between Second and Third. Mr. Chappell established business in this city in May, 1857, on the lot adjoining the one he now occupies, on the north. These lots front forty feet on Lafayette street and have a depth of sixty feet. Tliis is the oldest blacksmith-shop in the city, and business has been conducted at the present location since 1868. Mr. Chappell is a prominent member of the Episcopal church of this city, and enjoys the distinction of having been the first male communicant of St. Paul's church ; was made warden soon after, and held that office until the erection of the new church edifice. He was marshal of the city in 1872-3, and five years later, 1878, was appointed deputy United States marshal, under Marshal McLaren. Holding his position as deputy until McLaren was superseded by R. S. Denny, Mr. Chappell was rea])pointed, and still holds that position, Mr. Chappell has resided for the past twenty-five years on the premises purchased by him on coming to this city in 1857, three lots comer of Sanford and Franklin streets. Mr. Chappell is an Englishman by birth, an affiliate of the I. O. O. F. fraternity and a member of Winona Lodge, No. 18, A. F. and A. M., of Winona Chapter, No. 5, and of Coeur de Lion Commandery, No. 3.

S. W. Hamilton, treasurer of Winona county, is a native of the county whose funds he keeps. He is the son of Andrew Hamilton, of this city, born October 5, 1857. He was educated in the schools of this city and graduated from the state normal school here, class of 1875. Kept books for the lumber-house of Horton & Hamilton, (the latter his father) and was traveling in the interest of that house when he was elected to his present office in 1879, being at that time but twenty-two years of age. Re-elected in 1881, he is now serving his second term.

F. L. Cotter, Treasurer Hamilton's deputy, is a native of Minnesota, born in St. Paul in 1856 ; graduated at St. John's College, in the northern part of Minnesota, in 1 875 ; then went to Europe and entering the University of Lourain, Belgium; pursued his studies there five years, returning in 1880 to his native state. The same spring he was appointed to the desk in the treasurer's office, which he now holds. Both treasurer and deputy are as yet in the ranks of bachelordora.

J. M. Sheardown, clerk of district court, elected in the fall of 1877, re-elected in 1881 ; his present term of service will expire December 31, 1884. The successive clerks of district court for this county have been : John Ke3^es, clerk under the territorial administration ; Henry C. Lester, elected in 1858, who resigned the office to enter the United States army in the spring of 1861; E. A. Gerdtzen, appointed to fill vacancy, then regularly elected, who held office until 1878 ; and S. M. Sheardown, present incumbent. Mr. Sheardown is a native of I^ew York, came to Winona in 1857 ; was admitted to the bar here at the spring term of the district court in 1860 ; entered the United States service with the 5th IST. Y. Cav. Reg. in 1862, served three years and returning to this city in 1865 resumed practice the following year. He was elected justice of the peace in 187-1, and held that office until his election as clerk of court in 1877. Is married, and has two children attending normal school in this city.

Edward Pelzer, druggist and dealer in paints, oils, etc. This business was established in 1867 by Mr. Pelzer, coi-ner of Second and Market streets, and transferred to its present location, corner of Third and Market streets, September 27, 1872, at which date the building which he had erected for his business was completed. It is a three-story and basement brick 24x70, the first tioor and basement devoted to business, the upper stories for dwelling. The business of 1881 footed up $12,000, and 1882 shows a gratifying increase over that. Mr. Pelzer is a native of St. Clair county, Illinois ; came to Winona with his parents in 1857, at which time he was twelve years of age. In 1860 he entered the drug house of L. Wienand & Co., with whom he remained four and a-hall years, and was then in Chicago, 111., Rochestei-, Minn., and in this city, always as druggist clerk, until he engaged in business for himself in 1867, at which time he had had seven years practical experience in his line. lie is a member of Humboldt Lodge, No. 24, I.O.O.F., of the Druids beneficiary, the Philharmonic society and the board of trade. Was married in 1870, and has three children, two of them in school.

a few miles from the tails, on the Canada side, JSTovember 19, 1832. At sixteen years of age he entered Jefferson College, Pennsylvania; graduated in the class of 1853, and after spending two years in Virginia, teaching, entered the law office of Hon. E. C. Wilson, of Maynard, Virginia, and, completing his preparations for the bar, was admitted to the bar in the circuit court of eastern Virginia, at the spring term of 1857, and immediately located for practice in this city. Here he formed a law partnership with Hon. E. M. Wilson, now of Minneapolis. After the removal of his partner to Minneapolis Mr. Mitchell was associated in practice with the Hon. D. S. Norton, until that gentleman was elected to the United States senate. Mr. Mitchell then formed a partnership with Hon. W. H. Yale, of this city, which continued until 1873, when Mr. Mitchell was elected judge of the district court, for the third judicial district of this state, for the full term of seven years. Ke-elected in 1880, Judge Mitchell resigned that position the following spring to accept the place on the supreme bench of the state, to which he was appointed by Gov. Pillsbury, on the increase of that judiciary from three to five members. This office he held until the election of 1882, when he was returned as associate justice of the supreme court for the full term. Though confining himself closely to the duties of his profession Mr. Wilson has frequently served as member of the city council ; was county attorney one term, and a member of the state legislature session of 1859-60. Judge MitchelPs first wife dying in September, 1867, after ten years of wedded life, he again married in 1872. The judge's living children are three daughters and one son.

John L. Downing, farmer, is a son of George W. and Sarah (True) Downing, of New Hampshire, and was ushered into the world June 25, 1844. He lived the life of a New England farmer's boy until thirteen years old, since which time he has been a resident of Minnesota. In 1855 George W. Downing took up 160 acres of land in the town of Saratoga, this county, and, returning to New Hampshire, died the following year. In 1857 his widow and children settled on this land, where one of the sons now resides. The subject of this sketch enlisted August 13, 1864, being then twenty years of age, in Co. H, 11th Minn. Vols., and served until June 25 following. His regiment was stationed in the vicinity of Nashville, Tennessee, guarding the railroad supply route to the front. Before departing for the south Mr. Downing was mar- ried to Miss Rosilla, daughter of William G. and Mary West, of Vermont. She was born at Johnsburg, New York, October 31, 1842. August 19, 1864, is the date of their marriage. Returning from the south, Mr. Downing settled on section 33, in this township, where he has since remained. He has a handsome tract of 160 acres, and Mrs. Downing inherits 40 acres adjoining, making a farm of 200 acres under one management. Mr. and Mrs. Downing are members of St. Charles Grange and Methodist Episcopal clmrch. The former has been clerk of St. Charles township since 1874, inclusive, his political opinions are republican. Two children have been given to him, as follows : Herbert W., April 26, 1868; Sarah M.. July 26, 1873.

Jacob Brizius, farmer, was born in Germany in 1812. He was apprenticed to the cooper trade, working at the trade for some years. He enlisted in the Bavarian army and served twelve years, raising to the rank of sergeant. In 1847 he came to America, settling in Ohio, where he worked at his trade for some ten ^^ears, when he came west to the Trout valley. With his wife he trudged his way through the valley, becoming lost and almost discouraged by the difficulties he experienced, but like the old soldier he was, he pushed on until he found the place he thouglit would suit him, which he settled on and where he has remained ever since. He has by dint of hard work and perseverance gotten himself one of the finest farms in the valley. He was married in 1848 to Miss Catherine Wasen, by whom he has thirteen children, three of whom are dead. Mr. Brizius has held the position of supervisor. He is Evangelical in religion and a republican in politics. He is a man of sterling integrity and is looked upon as one of the fathers of the settlement. He is still a hale, hearty old man and takes an active interest in ]>ubfic affairs.

Patrick Murray was born in Ireland in 1824, and came to this country in 1842, going to Nashville, Tennessee, and working in a machine-shop until 1857, when he moved west settling in Trout valley, Mount Vernon township. He, with Mr. Woods, were the first to settle in the valley, which was a perfect wilderness. Mr. Muri-ay lived to see the valley well settled, laid out in roads with schoolhouses and churches. He was a good type of the early pioneer physically, and much of the present prosperity of the township is owing to his efforts. He held most of the public offices in the gift of the township, and was identified with every public movement.

[n the spring of 1873, while plowing, he was kicked by one of his horses, sustaining such injuries that death ensued on May 8. He was married in 1860 to Miss Bertha Miller, daughter of Charles Miller, of Wisconsin, seven children blessing their union, all of whom are now living, the eldest boys working the farm under the superintendency of Mrs. Murray.

George B., son of George and Catharine Dresbach, was born August 27, 1827, in Pickawaj^ county, Ohio. His father emigrated from Pennsylvania to Pickaway county, Ohio, in 1802, where he bought 1,100 acres of land of the government at $2.50 per acre. His father remained on his farm until his death, which occurred at the advanced age of eighty-five years. His mother, Catharine (Betz) Dresbach, died also in Ohio on the old farm at the age of seventy-five years. George B., the subject of this biography, was bi-ought up on the farm, accustomed to all kinds of hard physical labor so necessary to the development of true manhood. He attended district school part of each year, until the age of twenty when he entered Greenfield Academy, of Ohio. Learning of the great advantages offered to the young in the west, he emigrated to Wisconsin in 1855 and to the Territory of Minnesota in 1857, where he founded the village of Dresbach in 1857, which bears his name. The township was named Dresbach under the "Township Organization act of 1858. Mr. Dresbach has always taken a very active part in the development and building of the village and township. He has held various offices in both town and county. He was elected by the democratic party a member of the Minnesota legislature in 1868. Was again elected to the state legislature in 1878, by his party. Mr. Dresbach was married to Mary C. Nichols, daughter of Col. C. M. Nichols, Dane county, Wisconsin, in 1856. Mr. and Mrs. Dresbach have five children, all living. George B., Jr., whose biography appears under the head of this township, resides in Dresbach. Minnie M., now Mrs. Moss, resides in Dresbach. Mr. John H. Moss, of Dane county, Wisconsin, her husband, is engaged in the manufacture of brick. Charles L. is now telegraph operator and agent on the Minneapolis and St. Louis railroad. The two youngest, Jessie and Nellie, are at home.

Mr. Dresbach has had a great deal. of experience in various businesses of life. He is now the owner of over one thousand acres of land, including a part of the village where he now resides. He has done a great deal to the building up of the village of Dresbach^

George B., Jr., son of George B. and Mary C. Dresbacli, was brtrn in Wisconsin, April IS, 1857, at Onalaska, La Crosse county. Ilis father emigrated from Pickaway county, Ohio, to Wisconsin in ' 1855, thence to the Territory of Minnesota in 1858. His mother was born in Albany, New York. George B. , the subject of this biography, moved to Dresbach, Minnesota, with his father's family before he was a year old. He attended the village school part of each year for several years. His education, in so far as a perfect knowledge of text-books is concerned, is somewhat limited, but being a close student and observer he has acquired a great deal of information, and is conversant with the leading topics of the day. In the fall of 1879 he became editor of the " Winona Democrat,'' and was editor of that paper for two years. He sold out to F. W. Flint in 1881. The name of the paper has been changed to the '' W^inona Tribune." Mr. Dresbach returned to the village of that name in 1881 and began the manufacture of brick. He, with John H. Moss, organized the Northwestern Brick Co., under the firm name of Moss & Dresbach, reference to which is made in the article on the manufactories of Dresbach. Mr. Dresbach takes an active interest in the local affairs of his village and township, and is laboring earnestly to develop the valuable resources of his village. He is yet free from the burden of domestic responsibility, and can devote all his time to active business.

Joseph L. Birge, engineer. Mr. Birge is the son of Joseph and Sarah M. Birge, pioneer settlers of St. Charles township, who came to this locality in May, 1857, and died here, the father in the fall of 1879, the mother in August, 1882. The family came into Iowa from Connecticut in 1847, settled in Jackson county, a few miles southwest of Dubuque, and remained there until their removal to St. Charles ten years later. During their Iowa residence Mr. Birge, Sr., was a member of the Iowa legislature, during the session in which the state cajtital was removed from Iowa City to Des Moines. The old Birge farm embraced a tract of 240 acres, all lying within what is now the corporate limits of St. Charles, about 80 acres of which is laid off in town lots. The only members of the family living in this vicinity are Jose]jh L. Birge, the subject of this sketch, and his sister, unmarried, who resides on the old homestead. Mr. Joseph L. Birge is a native of Connecticut, and came west witli his father's family to

Iowa in 1847, and to St. Charles in 1857. From the completion of the railway to this point he was engaged in buying and shipping grain, in company with his father, nntil about eight years ago, since which time he has been in the employ of C. W. Seefield, one of the heaviest grain shippers in southern Minnesota. Mr. Birge is married ; has seven children, four of them attending the city schools. He is a member of the R. A. and K. and L. beneficiary societies. John W. Lockwood was born in Florida, Montgomery county. New York, October 4, 1839. His mother died while he was only seven years old, thus depriving him of that maternal care and watchfulness so necessary to the proper training of the young. At the age of ten years he hired with Mr. John Van Huessen and worked for him three years, receiving a little schooling in the winters and working on the farm in the summers. After working in various places till 1856 he started west to find some ot his family that had "gone west " some years before. He searched in several cities in Wisconsin and Minnesota, where he had heard they had gone, but without success, until his second visit to La Crosse, where he met his cousin Peter Murray, who told him that his folks could be found in Pleasant Hill township. After visiting them he went to Stillwater, Minnesota, and worked one summer on a farm. Returning home in the winter he was obliged to walk the whole distance and used to stay with the Indians at night. He worked for Mr. Joseph Cooper four or five seasons and chopped wood for steamboats several winters.^ By steady application of his time and talents he succeeded in getting a quarter-section of land, and December 4, 1862, he and Miss Elizabeth E. Cooper were united in the holy bonds of matrimony. They now reside on their farm, surrounded by the necessary comforts

Franklin C. Bryan was born in Ypsilanti, Michigan. November 19, 1826. His father, John Bryan, was born in West Stockbridge, Massachusetts, and his mother, whose maiden name was Sarah Babcock, was born on Long Island, New York. At the age of seven years Mr. Bryan remcwed with his parents to Constantine, St. Joseph county, Michigan, where he remained on a farm until the age of twenty-two years, when he learned the trade of machinist, which trade he foliowed about eight years, when he removed to Plain view, Minnesota, in 1857, and to Rolling Stone township in 1868, to the farm on which he now resides. Was married to Miss Mary E. Donaldson January 13, 1853. Mrs. Bryan was the daughter of William and Eliza Donaldson, and was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, March 20, 1831. Eight children have been born to them, seven of vs^hom are living. Mr. and Mrs. Brvan are members of the Congregational church of Winona. Mr. Bryan is of an inventive turn of mind and has invented several valuable improvements, not the least of which is a sulky-plow, designed for steep hillsides, but works equally well on level ground. He has also on his farm a mineral spring, said to possess very medicinal properties, a notice of which will appear in the proper place in this work.

Hiram D. Bailey (deceased) was a son of Daniel Bailey, who was born in Ware, New Hampshire, and married Sarah Buzzell, a native of the same township. The subject of this sketch was born there April .15, 1829. Daniel Bailey was a mercliant, and sent his son to the district school and then to the academy at Francistown, New Hampshire. At nineteen he began teaching, and after three terms of this labor began to take work from a shoe factory. In Ware was born and reared one Hiram Nicholls, who married Miss Sarah Dearborn, a native of the same place ; to them was born, February 15, 1833, a daughter, whom they christened Arvill J. October 20, 1850, Hiram Bailey and Arvill J. Nicholls were united in wedlock at Ware. In May, 1857, Mr. Bailey removed with his family to the village of Elba, and during the next winter built the first frame house in the village. This building still stands ; it is on the east side of the river, near the bridge. Here he had purchased twenty acres of land, in August, 1858, Mr. Bailey received his commission as postmaster, and the first postoffice was opened" in his house. In 1860 he sold this property, resigned his postraastership, and bought eighty acres of land on Sees. 2 of Elba and 31 of Whitewater, the dwelling being in Whitewater, and here he continued to reside till his death, which occurred July 2f), 1876. His widow and two children still reside here. Mr. Bailey served the town as justice of the peace and as chairman of the board of supervisors in 1859 and 1860. He adhered to the democratic party in partisan elections. Four children, born as below, survive him : Elbridge O., May 14, 1852, married Ilhoda Ellis, and resides at Fairwater ; Hiram M., August 8, 1853, lives with his mother on the homestead ; Lizzie E., August 26, 1858, married Charles I, Moore, and dwells near her mother, in the town of Whitewater ;

Anthony Heim, farmer, is a son of Bernard and Adelia Heim, who emigrated from Alsace, now part of Germany, to New York. Bernard Heim was a shoemaker, and settled on some land in Eaton, Erie county, New York, where the subject of this sketch was bo]-n, May 5, 1833. Anthony assisted his father in the tillage of his land and attended the rude schools of that pioneer region about three years in all. In April, 1857, he came to Minnesota, and, in partnership with Ferdinand Kramer, bought 140 acres of land on Sees. 11 and 14, Elba. He now owns all of this land, his mother having bought the interest of his partner and sold to him. In May, 1857, Mr, Heim was married, at Dubuque, to Miss Crescentia Hafner, who was born in Baden, Germany, January 25, 1836, and they immediately settled down in Elba, which has ever since been their home. By various purchases Mr. Heim has acquired a large landed estate, having 1,254 acres in this vicinity and 200 acres in Dodge county. He has occupied his present large residence on Sec. 27 for the last sixteen years. His political principles are democratic, and he has taken a prominent part in public affairs. He was a member of the town board in 1859, 1863, 1873, 1878 and 1880, being chairman of the board in the four last-named years. In the fall of 1874 he was elected to represent his assembly district in the state legislature, and served with satisfaction, notwithstanding the district has a republican majority. Himself and family are members of the Elba Roman Catholic church. There are six children, born as follows : Adelia, February 22, 1863; Louisa, July 22, 1865; Mary A., September ^5, 1867; Carolina, March 31, 1870; Louis A., November 5, 1873; John E., February 15, 1877,

David W. Brown, farmer, son of Samuel Brown and Martha Prossor, of Baltimore, Maryland, was born at Skulltown, Salem county. New Jersey, October 28, 1821. Samuel Brown died when David was but three years old, and his widow removed with her family to Cincinnati, Ohio. The subject of this sketch, who was the youngest of eleven children, was put out with a farmer to be brought up. At sixteen years of age he took up the trade of hatter, which he followed many years. While living at Chapin, in LS35, Mr. Brown rescued Salmon P. Chase from a mob that was pursuing him with stones and rotten eggs for uttering abolition sentiments. It is a proud thought that the boy, who opened a gate and saved Lincoln's secretary of war, Yived to see the idea, then and tliere held in contempt, become the ruling sentiment and law of the land. Mr. Brown was himself surrounded by a mob one evening in Cincinnati, and, but for the intervention of friends, would have suffered violence, on account of his known abolition sentiments. The friends who saved him were politically opposed to him, but interposed for personal reasons. In November, 1850, Mr. Brown was married to Miss Rachael Johnson, She was born at Carlisle, Pennsylvania, March 19, 1828, was daughter of Robert and Nancy Johnson, also natives of the same state. After farming several years in Indiana Mr. Brown removed to Minnesota, arriving in Utica in the fall of 1857. He bought the farm on which he still resides, being the N.E. J of Sec. 19, and removed here with his family the next spring. This was one of the first claims taken in the township, and is a beautiful farm, on which its owner has erected handsome buildings. Mrs. Brown is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and her husband S3mipathizes with her in faith. He is a republican ; served as justice of the peace two years, and as school officer nineteen. Ten children have been born to them, of whom eight are now living, as follows : Martha J., October 12, 1853; Samuel W., September 10, 1855; William E., December 4, 1857; David M., September 12, 1860; Henry W., March 28, 1862, now station-agent at Utica; Irwin O., March 24, 1865; Benjamin F., November 23, 1871; Gertie B., April 3, 1875. All are at home.

JosEi'U Kramer, farmer, was born in Baden, Germany, March 12, 1831. His father, Leonard Kramer, was born in Baden in 1801, and married Annie Mary Haaler, born in 1797. In 1851 they removed with their three sons, hereinafter sketched, to Hamburg, Erie county. New York, and engaged in farming, and in 1865 they removed with the elder son to Elba, where they both died, the. latter having passed away October 26, 1871, and the former March 26, 1880. The subject of this sketch was in his twenty-first year when he came with his parents to America. He assisted his father in the management of his farm, and removed with him to another farm in Cattaraugus county. New York. In 1853 he married Carrie Lindenmiller, who was born in Wurtemburg, October 6, 1827. Ever since his arrival in Elba he has been one of her leading representative farmers. He at first purchased ninety-eight acres of land on Sees. 7 and 18, placing his residence on the former section.

near a fine spring of water, and where he still dwells. This land was in a state of nature when he purchased, but was speedily improved. There are now large and handsome buildings and other improvements thereon. Subsequent purchases have added 160 acres to the landed domain, of which over 200 acres are under cultivation. Mr. Kramer was a member of the board of supervisors in 1870 and 1876 ; he is a democrat. The family enjoys and profits by the teachings of the Roman Catholic church at Elba, in which all are communicants. There are seven of the children, whose record of births, etc., is here appended : Joseph, born April 25, 1854, married Ellen Sands, and deals in ifterchandise at Elba ; Ferdinand, born January 20, 1856, resides with parents ; Caroline, born February 3, 1858, married John P. Arnoldy and lives at Rolling Stone ; Annie, born March 11, 1859 ; Charles, born May 3, 1861 ; Mary, born I^ovember 7, 1864 ; Louisa, born July 21, 1867.

Ferdinand I^ramer, farmer, the subject of this sketch, was one of the pioneers of this township, having come here in the spring of 1857, and has ever since made his home here. He was born in Baden on St. Yalentine's day, 1832. On removing with his father to the United States, he assisted him in the tillage of his farm and also labored in sawmills and on neighboring farms. He was married in August, 1859, to Catharina Kopp ; she was born in Prussia in 1832, and died at Elba April 1, 1876, leaving five children, namely : Mary, born March 4, 1860, married Gottlieb Lobitzka and now lives in Wisconsin ; Charles, born November 16, 1865 ; Louisa, born August 7, 1868 ; Rosa A., born December 21, 1875, twin sister of Clara, who died when nine months old. On arriving in town Mr. Kramer bought a half interest in 120 acres on Sees. 11 and 14. After visiting the east in 1859, he sold this property and purchased 120 acres on Sec. 17, on which he resided for the next seven years. By various purchases he has acquired 1,500 acres of land, of which one section is in Steele, Dakota, and the balance in this vicinity. In 1867 he built his present large dwelling on Sec. 18 and has lived therein ever since. His large barns are a comfort to the eye of a tidy farmer, and his broad acres of prairie furnish a pleasant view for all who may pass that way. Mr. Kramer was the chief instrument in securing the building of a Roman Catholic church at Elba, and is still one of the pillars of that organization. In politics he is an independent democrat ; was a member of the town board in 1866, 1874 and 1875, being elected chairman in the latter year ; was clerk of his school district for twelve years. On the 25th of July, 1875, he was married to Louisa Marnoch, who was born in Luxemburg, May 22, 1842.

Charles I^jjamer, farmer, was born in Baden, July 8, 1839. He attended school till thirteen years old, when his family removed to America. He attended an English school in New York during two winter terms ; assisted his father on the farm till eighteen years old, and then worked out among neighboring farmers. In 1862 he came to Elba and bought 160 acres of land on Sec. 18, where his home now is. This land was wild, and during the first vear after its purchase a portion of it was broken up. In the meantime he was employed by farmers in the vicinity, and worked two winters in Todd's sawmill, near by. The second year a crop was harvested and a small dwelling was erected on the farm. December 22, 1864, he was married to Louisa Roesler, who was born near Berlin, Germany, February 13, 1845, and settled on his farm, which has ever since been his home. By perseverance and industry he added to his possessions, and now has 395 acres of land, with model buildings and improvements. About 340 acres of his domain have been turned by the plow. Mr. Kramer was a member of the town board of supervisors in 1868 and chairman of that body in 1881-2. In politics he is a democrat. All the family is connected with the Roman Catholic church at Elba. Five children are included in the number, all i-esiding at home. Their birth dates are as follows : Leonard, October 11, 1865 ; Emma, August 1, 1868 ; Edward, November 3, 1870 ; Frank, May 27, 1875 ; Clara, November 27, 1877.

Peter Hidershide was born in Luxemburg, Germany, in 1842, arriving in America and coming direct to Mt. Vernon in 1857, when he purchased from Mr. Pomeroy the farm he now occupies in Trout valley. When he took up his residence in Trout valley there were very few settlers near him, and he may be considered one of the first to break ground in this fertile valley. Mr. Hidershide has never married. He is a Roman Catholic in religion and a democrat in politics. He enjoys the respect and esteem of his neighbors to a marked degree.

Nicholas Artz, gunsmith and dealer in guns, pistols, fishingtackle and sporting goods, east side Lafayette street, between Second and Third. This is the principal depot of supplies for sportsmen in this city. The business was started by the j^resent proprietor a little over three years ago, in a small shop on the opposite side of the street, which proving too small for his business, a move was soon afterward made to the present location. Two persons are employed about the establishment, which does a constantly increasing business. Mr. Artz is a Winona boy, born July 20, 1858 ; his father, Nicholas Artz, having been one of Winona's pioneer grain buyers.

GusTAF Carlson is a native of Sweden, where he was born in 1835. He came to Minnesota in the spring of 1858, his capital only consisting of a few hundred dollars ; he was accompanied by his wife and two children. He nor his family could not speak a word of English and knew notiiing whatever of the customs of our country. He pre-empted some land and has since prospered to the extent that he owns a fine farm and home and is in very comfortable circumstances. He is a Lutheran and a republican.

John Van Dyke, farmer, was born in New Jersey in 1818, his father originally came from Holland, but his mother was German. He had very little opportunity to procure much schooling : as soon he was able to walk he was set to work on his father's farm, where he continued until his nineteenth year, when he set out for Pennsylvania, where he procured work as a coal miner. At this occupation he remained some five years, when he went to Ohio working at mining and farming. In 1858 he came to Elba, buying forty acres ; since then he has added forty acres at a time until he now owns 160 of the finest wheat land to be found in the state. He married Miss Sarah Nelson and has but one son, who now mostly manages the farm.

John SMrrn, farmer, was born in Yorkshire, England, in 1833, and came to America in 1855, landing in Canada, where he remained several years, then coming to this township, where he purchased the farm he now occupies from his brother, who took the land up in 1851. Mr. Smith was one of the very earliest pioneers, and when he took up his residence there was not another family within twelve miles of him. He had considerable transactions with the Indians, knowing a number of those who were hung for participation in the New Ulm massacre. He has had his slumbers fi-equently broken by the war-whoop of the savage and the howl of the wolf. For miles surrounding him not a road was opened or a settlement made, and he had often to depend upon the chase for food. With but $10 to start upon, Mr. Smith has by indefatigable energy and perseverance obtained a handsome competence, being one of the wealtliiest iiion in the township. In 1862 he married Abby Ann Tti])ley, by wliom lie lias had eight children, five sons and three daughters. Ever since he was ten years of age circumstances forced him to earn his own livelihood, he managing in face of many difficulties to educate himself sufficiently to transact his business and hold his own with others. Mi-. Smith is a staunch republican, and, though not taking any prominent part in politics, has always been an active worker.

C. C. Beck, farmer, lands lying two miles southwest of city, on Stockton Bluft' road. Mr. Beck is a native of Wurtemburg, bred to the trade of brewer ; came to America in 1857, and to this county November 11, 1858, at which date he bought out the interests of Brently & Sherer in the Gilmore Valley Brewer3% the real estate included in the })urcliase being about two acres. In 1859 the firm l)ought sixty acres of G. W. Clark, and in 1862 enlarged the dwelling which he had with the original purchase, and in which he lived until he took possession of his new residence in 1877. In the fall -of 1862 Mr. Beck bought out his partner's interest in the brewery, the real estate was amicably divided, and with the other purchases since made gives Mr. Beck a solid quarter-section as his homestead property. In 1872 he built his brewery saloon, a substantial brick 32x70, with eighteen-feet walls, the structure costing about $3,000. During the season of 1876-7 he built his house on a natural ridge overlooking the city of Winona and commanding a magnificent prospect, extending for miles along the river. This house is one of the finest in this section of the state. It is of solid brick and stone, two stories, the main part, 40x45, with two additions, one 22x40, the other 20x20. The workmanship is most superior, the native wood finish very fine, the cost of building alone being $15^000. The brewery, which at the time of purchase had a capacity of 600 barrels, was gradually enlarged, until its ca])acity was between four and five thousand barrels, with an actual product of about threefourths that amount. In November, 1877, the same year his residence was completed, the brewery burned, entailing a loss of over $8,000 above all insurance. In August, 1880, Mr. Beck lost his wife, with whom he had lived most happily for eighteen years. Mr. Beck is a member of the town board, fully alive to the interests of the growing county in which he has lived almost a quarter of a century, and in which he has considerable landed property other than tliat included in his home farm.

Wesley Hill, farmer, is a grandson of Jonathan Hill, who, at the age of fourteen, stood guard during the battle of Bunker Hill, in the fort on Dorchester heights, and was only prevented by the rising of the tide from plunging into the fight. David, the son of Jonathan Hill, was born in New Hampshire ; he married Keziah Franklin, of Vermont, and settled at Winchester, in his native state, where Wesley Hill was born, June 14, 1821. Alvin Twitchell, grandfather of Keziah Franklin, was killed in the memorable Indian massacre at Walpole, New Hampshire. At eight years of age Wesley Hill was bound for six years to a farmer, which term he served, receiving about one month's schooling per year. He then worked for a farmer and blacksmith till he was twenty. The four years were spent in lumbering on the Connecticut river. Subsequent to this he peddled tin and wooden ware several years, and again returned to farm labor. Septembei- 4, 1851, he married Sarah A. Nash, who was born at Gilson, New Hampshire, March 5, 1834. Her father, Charles Nash, was a native of the same state, and her mother, Eliza Gates, was a native of Massachusetts. On a dark and chilly morning in the fall of 1855 Mr. Hill landed at Minneiska, and began to search for a habitation. After an hour's search in the darkness, himself and companion were accommodated with lodging in a settler's log hut till daylight. Making his way up the Whitewater valley to Elba, he took up 160 acres of government land on Sec. 32 in the town of Whitewater, and after securing this returned to the east. In the spring of 1858 he returned to Minnesota, and his family followed the next fall. A part of the original claim was sold within a few years, and sixty acres purchased on Sec. 5 in this township, on which the residence was moved, and where it still stands. On account of a broken leg, caused by being caught under a rolling log in the spring of 1865, Mr. Hill was compelled to dispose of forty acres of land. His farm now includes 140 acres; there are two fine springs of water thereon, and it is supplied with good buildings and other improvements, and its owner is prepared to enjoy the fruits of his early labors. Much of the land was covered with timber where now are fruitful fields and a prime orchard. Mr. and Mrs. Hill are IJniversalists in religion. Mr. Hill has always voted the republican ticket. Four children are included in the family, and all reside with their parents. The dates of their nativity are as follows : Helen E., May 19, 1853; Kizzie M., September 4, 1860; David F., August 29, 1865; Lora E., June 13, 1868.

Frank M.vkion Winters, farmer, born in 1853, at Riplej, Indiana, is a son of John D. and Juliette (Tryon) Winters. He came to Whitewater in 1858, when only five years of age; lived with his parents till 1875, when he married Harriet J. Stoning, daughter of Geo. B. Stoning, of Whitewater. He has had three childreTi : Grace Aprilla, born 1876 ; George Earl, born 1878 ; Mark Ernest, born 1880. Our subject attended school at Beaver, and from 1875 till 1880 speculated in land. In 1880 he bought a quarter-section, N.E. J of Sec, 5, T. 108, R. 10, on which he has since lived. He is a Wesleyan Methodist in religion, and in j^olitics a republican.

J. J. Randall & Son, dealers in coal, office at 20 East Second street, sheds in rear of office and in the west half of block 69, the east half of which is occupied by the gasworks. J. J. Randall established himself in business in this city April 13, 1859, as a member of the firm of L. D. Randall & Co., dealers in leather, hides, shoe findings, saddlery, hardware and harness manufacturers. The original firm into which J. J. Randall came was established two years earlier, under the name of P. Yoneschen & Co., L. D. Randall being a member of that firm. In 1859 the business was conducted on the east side of Main street, between Second and Third, and so continued until the great fire of 1862, in which their losses were $15,000; insurance only $2,000. The fire occurred on Sunday, and the following Monday, no carpenters being available, Mr. Randall put tools into the hands of his own workmen, and in five days had completed a one-story frame structure, 20 X 70 feet, just across the street from the old location. This building - the first erected and taken possession of after the fire - is still standing. The same fall they built upon the lot they now occupy a two-story brick, with stone foundations and basements, 23x140 feet, of which they took possession November 1 of that year, continuing the old business. In 1873 the business, which had been successfully conducted here for sixteen years, was discontinued, and a coal office opened. In addition to their city trade, which aggregates about 3,000 tons per annum, they supply coal-sheds for settlers along the lines of the Hastings & Dakota and Minnesota Southern railwa3's. These supplies are furnished to actual settlers through local agents at cost, plus fifty cents per ton for handling, and the aggregate annual sales are from 25,000 to 30,000 tons.

settled at St. Charles, Kane county, in that state. His father was in the shoe, leather and harness trade, and Mr. Kandall was engaged in this business in his father's establishment till he came to Winona in 1859. Appointed LFnited States revenue collector for the first Minnesota district in 1866. Mr. Kandall held that office until 1872. The following year he was appointed railway commissioner for the state, holding that position to the expiration of the term, eighteen months. He was also chairman of the board of county commissioners for twelve years - from 1862 to 1874 - and city treasurer one term. One of the original incorporators of the Winona Gas Light Company, he is now president of that corporation; is also a member of the board of trade, and thoroughly identified with the industries of the city. Since November, 1872, has been president of the Woodlawn Cemetery Association. Of late years Mr. Randall has interested himself in farming operations, principally stock and dairy. His Lake View farm of 900 acres, near Tracy, Lyons county, has 500 acres under cultivation, is very pleasantly located, and makes a pleasant summer resort for his family.

C. S. Randall, the ' ' son " of the firm, was born in St. Charles, Kane county, Illinois, May 11, 1856, received his education in the schools of Winona, and at twenty years of age entered the house of which he became junior partner, September 1, 1882.

C. Matzke, wagon and carriage maker, shops at 118 and 120 Second street. - Mr. Matzke was born in Prussia, in 1847, came to America with his parents when eight years of age, the family settling in Dodge county, Wisconsin. From that place they came to Winona, in 1859, where young Matzke attended school, and when of suflicient age learned his trade as general and carriage blacksmith with Adam Killian, of this city. In 1870 he established himself in business in Lewiston, this county, which he conducted until he removed to his present location and opened shop, in the spring of 1882. He occupies 100 feet front, and his lots have a depth of 150 feet. He is a member of the Winona Sharpshooters Club, and of Humboldt Lodge, No. 24, I.O.O.F. His parents, Godfrey and Elizabeth Matzke, are still living on the old homestead they first took possession of on coming to the county, twenty-three years since.

Levi C. Wilder, farmer, is a descendant of Thomas Wilder, whose widow emigrated with her two sons from England to America, in 1638. Levi Wilder, the father of this subject, was born in Massa- chusetts ; lie married Berenice Bates, of tlie same state, and settled on a farm in Waitstield, Wasliini2;ton county, Vermont, where the junior Levi was born April 30, 1824. He assisted his father in farming o])erations, i-eceiving the limited education affordcMl by the district schools of his native town. On arriving at majority, he engaged in operating his father's farm in partnership with a brother. On November 2, 1853, he married Miss Oriiida Holmes, who was born at Waterville, Vermont, August 21, 1820 ; her parents, James and Mehetable (Webster) Holmes, were natives of New Hampshire. The elder Wilder died in 1855 at the ripe age of eighty-three. On the settlement of his estate, L. C. Wilder removed to Richland county, Wisconsin, where he purchased land and engaged in farming. In 1858 he purchased 160 acres of land on Sec. 16, in St. Charles township, on which he now dwells, in partnership with a brother, whose interest he afterward acquired. Two years later he sold his Wisconsin property and removed here with his family, and has ever since dwelt here. Mr. Wilder has been an active, publicspirited citizen, and has been called upon to serve the town in some capacity nearly ever since his residence therein ; he was a member of the board of supervisors in 1870-1, 1874-5, and was chairman of that body from 1878 to 1881 inclusive. In 1882 he resigned the latter ofhce to accept the appointment of assessor, in order that the town might not be without such officer, and was elected to the same position this year. His political principles are republican, but of late he has joined the greenbackers, as has also his son. Mr. and Mrs. Wilder are members of the St. Charles Congregational church. They have one child, Ossian L., born February 18, 1855 ; he was married December 7, 1876, to Miss Tilla Persons, daughter of George and Eliza Persons, of this township. A daughter, christened Etfie O., came to bless this union July 12, 1882. Father and son reside together on the farm, which affords a pleasant home and is one of the best in the fine agricultural town oi St. Charles. One of the most interesting objects to be found in their pleasant parlor is a large and neatly printed volume giving the genealogy of the Wilder family from a very early period of English history.

Reubkn Gates, farmer, has been a resident of St. Charles since 1860 ; having purchased eighty acres of land on Sec. 23, in 1859, he settled here with his family the following year. He subsequently bought eighty acres more on Sec. 26, adjoining the first purchase ; his farm lies half on either side of the St. Charles and Winona road ; is very nearly level, and is a sight with its neat buildings and other improvements, to delight the vision of a tidy agriculturist. Willis Gates, father of this subject, was born in Ackworth, New Hampshire, and married Miss Almira Hulett, of Weatherstield, Vermont. He settled on a farm in Elizabethtown, Essex county, New York, where Reuben Gates was born on July 28, 1826. He assisted his father on the farm and in the operation of a sawmill, attending the common school of his native town. At twenty-four years old he purchased a farm, and has always been a tiller of the soil. On March 11, 1851, he was married to Eliza Wakefield ; her father, Johnathan Wakefield, was born in New Hampshire, and her mother, Rebecca Haven, was a descendant of Richard Haven, who emigrated from England to America in 1640, and was born at Newport, Rhode Island. Mr. and Mrs. Gates were members of the Baptist church in New York, and still cherish the faith of that sect. In - public affairs Mr. Gates affiliates with the republican party, always has and expects to ; he was assessor of St. Charles township in 1870, and supervisor one year. Two children complete the family circle. Erford E., the eldest, was born December 19, 1857; he married Eva W. Leonard, and is settled on a farm on Sec. 26, near his father. Lillie O. was born April 17, 1853 ; she married Dr. C. S. Dixon and resides at Somonauk, Illinois.

James W., son of John and Eliza Young, was born in Canada West December 25, 1837. His father emigrated from Vermont and his mother from Maine. His father's family left Canada West when James was a mere child and moved to Detroit, Michigan. He lived in Michigan until his son was about twelve years old when the family moved to Aurora, Illinois, forty miles west of Chicago, on Fox river. He remained here with his father on a farm until he was eighteen years old. His time was divided, similar to that of most farmers' sons, working on the farm in summer and going to school in winter. He received nearly all his education in Illinois. He obtained only a limited education, such as the common schools of Illinois offered in those days, yet it was practical and well adapted to the common business of life. He left Illinois in 1855 and moved to Black River Falls, Wisconsin, with his father. The Black River country was but little settled then ; a few bold pioneers had ventured to penetrate the forests of the Badger State ; the Indian trail was the only passable route through the mighty forests, now so valuable. James having grown to manhood, and used to all kinds of manual labor, was soon engaged as a teamster in the woods in the winter and rafting lumber during the summer. lie remained at Black River Falls about two years, when his father died, at the advanced age of seventy-four years. Soon after the death of his father James was thrown upon his own resources and went forth to brave the storms of life. Having been brought up to all kinds of physical labor he readily found employment wherever he went. He left Wisconsin and returned to Illinois in 1858, where he was employed on a farm near Fulton City. He remained here a few months, when he went to Iowa. Here he again worked on a farm near Sabula. In 1859 he returned to Wisconsin and was employed in getting out logs on the Mississippi bottom, opposite the old village of Dakota. In the spring of 1860 he traded off some property belonging to his mother in Black River Falls for a house and lot in old Dakota. He remained here until the spring of 1861, when he moved to Dresbach. Mr. Young was married May 29, 1861, to Miss Maria Doughty, daughter of Richard and Lydia Doughty. From the time he was married to the 9th day of December, 1861, Mr. Young was employed in rafting lumber on the Mississippi river, at which time he enlisted in the war in Co. B, 2d Wis. Cav., commanded by the late C. C. Washburn, of Wisconsin. Spent the winter of 1861-2 drilling at Milwaukee. The spring of 1862 the company went to St. Louis, where they received their horses. While at St. Louis the company was ordered to march to Jefferson City, Missouri, thence through Arkansas to Helena. Eight weeks of this march the company was seldom out of their saddles day or niglit. The company had an engagement with the rebels at Cotton Plant; several lost on both sides. Remained at Helena, Arkansas, until the latter part of 1862, when the company was ordered to Memphis, Tennessee. In May, 1863, the company was called to Vicksburgtojoin the besieging army commanded by Gen. IT. S. Grant. Remained there and took active part in the capture of Yieksburg, July 3, 1863. After the capture of Yieksburg the company went to Jackson, Mississippi. It was there a short time and from there was ordered back to Yieksburg. Stayed at Yieksburg and vicinity, scouting and doing patrol duty, until the winter of 1S64. The following winter tlie company was again ordered to Memphis, Tennessee, where the comjmny was discharged in January, 1865. After returning home Mr. Young lived on a farm one year in Dakota valley. Sold his farm and moved to Dresbach. Was postmaster at

Dresbach ; kept hotel, store, and was engaged in various other occupations in the village. His wife died of consumption September 7, 1881, in the village of Dakota, after an illness of over two years. She was buried in Bluif cemetery of Dakota. Mr. and Mrs. Young never had any children. Mr. Young resides now in the village of Dakota, and is the owner of considerable village property. Thomas Mat, son of Dennis and Mary May, was born in County Sligo, Ireland, April !27, 1820 ; was educated in the common schools of that country and married to Miss Bridget Flannegan in 1846, by whom he has had ten children ; came to Canada and landed in Quebec in 1847, and from there to Rochester, New York, and then to Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, in 1848; lived there twelve years and came to Minnesota in 1860, and settled in the town of Wilson. Mr. May, although not one of the early pioneers, has, by his industry and frugality, done much to develop the county and town where he lives ; he is a good, practical farmer, and well posted in the history of his adopted country. His eldest child, Dennis, was born in Ireland, in March, 1847, and died in the United States in 1851 ; the second child, Bridget, was born in January,

1850, and died in October, 1851, all three dying of scarlet fever ; the fourth child, Bridget Ellen, was born April, 1852, and was married to Hugh Moran in 1874, by whom she has three children living ; the fifth, Dennis, born in 1853, was very highly educated for his years, was universally loved for his manly qualities, but death called him away in November, 1870 ; the sixth, Mary, was born in 1855, is now a seamstress and dressmaker ; seventh, Katie, born July 3, 1857, also a seamstress and dressmaker ; the eighth, Thomas Fi'ancis, was born May, 1859, is now at work at home with his father ; ninth, Hannah, was born December, 1860 ; tenth, Alice, was born in 1862. Both the last, Hannah and Alice, are graduates of the normal school at Winona, are teachers and attending the higher grade of instruction, pre])aring themselves for high grade teachers. Mr. May is a democrat in politics, and a Catholic in religion and a thrifty farmer by profession.

Clark Apollos Fuller came to Minnesota in 1855 and settled in Freeborn county in 1858 ; he came to Winona county and settled on Sec. 12 (Wiscoy), T. 106, R. 6. He is the son of Thomas and Muranda Fuller, and was born in Addison county, Vermont, June 28, 1846. Mr. Fuller's father came to this countv in 1867, and lived here until his deatli in 1879. Our subject was raised on a farm and educated in the common schools. For a number of years after coming to Minnesota, he worked in a saw-mill In 1S60 he was married to Betsey Montgomery, by whom he liad one child, a girl named Delilah. Mrs. Fuller died in 1865. In 1867 he was married a second time to Julia L. Jenkinson, by whom he has seven children. Francis E., George C, AValt. S., Herbert, Chauncy, Louis and John. He is a member of Winona Lodge of Masons, No. IS, and a republican in politics. September 11, 1877, he was a])pointed county commissioner and has held the office ever since by election.

Christopher Pfeil, farmer, was born near the Rhine river, in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, July 17, 1821. He was accustomed to farming from early youth, but received a good common school education, like all German children. In 1843 he came with his parents to Milwaukee county, Wisconsin. By his own industry he soon secured sufficient means to purchase eighty acres of land from the United States government in the heavy timber of Washington county, which he cleared up alone. This he sold and bought ninety acres in Milwaukee county. He was married at Milwaukee, January 14, 1849, to Elizabeth Wambold, a native of the same locality as himself In 1860 Mr. Pfeil removed to Minnesota and bought 160 acres of land on Sec. 4, in this town, on which fifty acres were broken. Mr. Pfeil was the first German to settle here. By his attention to the proj^er tillage of his farm and shrewd business management, he has accumulated a large landed interest. His domain includes 380 acres on Sec. 4 and 9, thirty acres within the city of St. Charles, and 800 acres in the town of Elba. Six hundred acres of this is tilled by Mr. Pfeil, the balance being devoted to pasturing his large stock of horses and cattle. Immense quantities of manure are yearly applied to the enrichment of his farm, which is known as one of the most productive in this region. His fiirm buildings are the most complete and commodious in St. Charles township, and everything about his premises betokens thrift and care. Mr. Pfeil began life in America with his bare hands, clearing over 100 acres of timber land, and now enjoys the fruits of his early toil. He is independent in religion and politics. His family includes eleven children, all of whom are at liome. Their names are Catharine, John, Jacob, George, Elizabeth, Maggie, Eva, William, Lina, Frederick and Caroline.

Henry J. Keeler, general niercbandise, Co])ps Hall, St. Charles. This business was established in St. Charles by the present proprietor in 1879, and was removed to its present location in 1882. The main salesroom fronts foxXj feet on the street, has a depth of 100 feet and the business occupies two floors, the basement being devoted to groceries and storage. His business includes dry goods, clothing, hats and caps, boots and shoes, notions, merchant tailoring, groceries, glassware, crockery, and all things else included under the head of general merchandise. His stock is large, the invoice for January, 1883, footing $27,500, the business giving employment to seven clerks and two tailors, and the volume of trade 100 per cent over that transacted at the old stand. Mr. Keeler is a native of ISTew York and commenced selling goods in Camden, in that state, when eighteen years of age. In 1850 Mr. Keeler came west and was a traveling salesman lor a New York hosiery, white goods and notions house eighteen years, only leaving the road to establish himself in business here in 1879, although he has been a resident of the county since 1860. He was married in Will county, Illinois, in 1855, to Miss H. M. Sims, and they have two children. Miss Florence, who has quite a local reputation as a musician, and Miss Gertrude attending Winona city schools.

Henry Swayne, third son of Samuel and Mary Swayne, born in tlie town of Southington, Connecticut, May 24, 1820. The Swayne family are of English origin and are descended from Abram Swayne, grandfather of the subject of our sketch, who came from Devonshire in 1T90. At an early age Henry commenced the battle of life, lea\ang home when twelve years of age and finding employment choring around a store in New Haven. He had had little or no schooling while at home and he determined to make up the deficiency attending an evening school for some two years, costing him almost his entire wages. His energy and perseverance attracted attention, and kind friends were ready to assist the struggling youth. From chore boy he rose by successive steps until finally he became the owner of the store he commenced life in. Prosperity for a time attended his efforts, but a series of misfortunes ultimately forced him to close out business and he turned his attention to the west. Coming to Illinois in 1850, he pre-empted a ftirm in Will county, where he remained until 1860, when he came to Whitewater. He was married at New Haven, Connecticut, in 1842, to Miss Cora Whitley, and has a family of two, a son and daughter. Mr. Swayne

Ghehart Simon was born in Germany in 1801. where he lived on liis parents' farm until he reached manhood, when he went out working at farm labor among his neighbors. In his twenty-seventh year he entered the Prussian army, of which he was a member for three years in accordance with the law of that country. At the expiration of his term of service he returned to the home farm until the year 1855, when he emigrated to America, going to the city of Milwaukee, residing there some five years. In 1860 he came west to Mt. Vernon, where he took up land. He married in 1831 Miss Elizabeth Weitz, by whom lie had five children, all of whom are living. His wife died some three years ago at the ripe age of seventy-eight. Mr. Simon, by dint of perseverance and industry during his twenty-two years residence in Mt. Vernon, has accumulated a handsome competency, giving each one of his sons a farm of 260 acres on their reaching manhood. Mr. Simon is today a healthy, hale and hearty old gentleman of eighty-two summers and bids fair to live many years, yet universally respected by his neighbors and beloved by his sons, daughters and numerous grandchildren.

Charles Smith was born in Carlton-road, Norfolk, England, May 1, 1817. His youth was spent at home on a farm in England, and although he was an extra good farm hand he was never sent to school a day in his life. The only education he ever received was picked u]) at Sunday school, and improved upon at every opportunity through life. On October 27, 1839, Mr. Charles Smith and Miss Sophia Arms were united in the holy bonds of matrimony. After working land in England for several years, they thought it best to emigrate to America, but owing to a scarcity of funds it was decided that Mr. Smith should first go, and when he could succeed in saving a sufficient amount to defray the expenses of the passage foi- his wife and family he should send for them. Accordingly, he came to Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, May 31, 1856, and immediately found employment as a farm laborer at $16 per month, for three months. After that he worked at job work, ditching, etc., and at the end of three years he had the satisfaction of having a little over $4(»0 in cash. He then sent for his wife, who arrived in Wisconsin in the winter of 1859. He then bought thirty acres of land, but not having any team, he worked a farm for another man for one-third of the crop, the owner of the land to furnish team, feed and seed. During this year he built a log house on his little farm, and then sold out and came to Pleasant Hill, Minnesota, where he had taken a job of breaking 100 acres at $3 per acre. He completed his breaking and split rails, and built one-half a mile of fence, and invested his money in the N.E. ^ of Sec. 15, for which he gave $400, paying $125 down and twelve per cent interest on the balance. After paying for this farm he bought eighty acres in Sec. 22, where he now resides. He has also 320 acres in Faribault county, Minnesota. Mr. Smith and wife have long been connected with the Baptist church, but as there is no organization of Baptists in Pleasant Hill they are debarred from many church privileges which they would like to enjoy. They have a family of nine children, the youngest of which is living at home.

Among the prominent gentlemen of Pleasant Hill township who have taken an active part in the development of the country we may very properly name Mr. James P. Berry, who was born January 26, 1843. Though by no means one of the early settlers, yet by his sterling integrity he has succeeded in winning a fame second to none in the township. His intellectual training he received in the common schools of Dane county, Wisconsin, supplemented with one term at private school in the same county. His youth was spent upon a farm, where he developed a strong attachment for fine cattle. At the age of nineteen he enlisted in Co. D, 7th Minn. Inf., (General Sibly commanding), which was ordered against the Sioux Indians at the time of their outbreak, in August, 1862. He was wounded in his right shoulder by the accidental discharge of a musket at Fort Abercrombie, in the fall of 1862. After the surrender of the Indians his regiment went to St. Louis, Missouri, on post duty for six months, then it was transferred to the sixteenth array corps, first division, third brigade, General A. J. Smith commanding. He was in all engagements of the regiment until the middle of February, 1865, when he was sent to McPherson hospital. After languishing there until the last day of May, 1865, he was discharged and returned to civil life. He was married to Miss Emma J. Theyson November 5, 1870. To them have been born three children, only two of whom are now living. In politics Mr. Berry is a republican, and has served his township in nearly all of its various offices. He is at present serving his fifth consecutive term as justice of the peace. He served his congressional district as re})resentative in the sixteenth legislature. He has acted as collector and conveyancer for several years, and though residing on a farm in tlie interior of the county, he has built up a business which occu])ies the greater part of his time, and secures for himself hosts of friends all over the state. He is a member of the Pickwick Lodge, No. 110, A. F. and A. M., of which he was the tirst master. McNiK ife Co., booksellei's, corner of Center and Second streets. Salesroom fronts forty-five feet on Second street, sixty feet on Center, and opens on both. This book-house is the legitimate successor of that established in this city in 1857 by Messrs. Bingham & Benson, and which a few months ))rior to the war of 1861-5 became Benson & Upham. This firm continued to do business until Mr. Upham sold out to his partner in ISftl and entered the United States service. At this time the business of bookselling was combined with that of drugs, the two branches of trade, however, being conducted in separate salesrooms. In the fall of 1862 the booksellers' department was sold out to Andrews & Son, who conducted business until 1867, when they sold out to Alexander McNie. In the meantime the war had closed, and Mr. Upham returning home, opened trade as a bookseller and stationer, conducting business one year, when he sold out to Sherman & McNie, who dissolved partnership about one year thereafter, Mr. Sherman purchasing McMe's share of the stock. It was at this time, as before stated, that Mr. McNie purchased the stock of Andrews & Son, and thus became lineal successor to the old house of Bingham & Benson. This business, which at the time Mr. McXie purchased was quite moderate in its extent, soon improved under his management, until from 1871 to 1874 it took rank as the second book-house in the state. The hard times of 1873 and later on crippled the business of the concern, the firm name of which had always been Alex. McNie & Co., and in 1877 G. W. Hoyt was taken in as a partner, this business connection lasting one year. In 1879 another change was made, the firm became McNie & Co., with Alexander McNie as manager, and so continues. The musical department of the business was added in 1875, and the stock now includes books, stationery, fancy goods and musical instruments, and merchandise of all descriptions. The book transactions of the house have always been in works of a standard character, and it has always been the boast of the house that no literature of the least tendency to immorality has been allowed a

Alexander McNie is a native of Edinburgh, Scotland, from which country he came to New York at ten years of age, an orphan boy, seeking his fortune, a stranger in a strange land. After one year, spent as a newsboy in New York, young McJSTie came to Racine, Wisconsin, and from there in 1861 to Winona. Soon after his arrival here he entered the book-house of Mr. Benson, and when the stock was purchased by Andrews & Son transferred his services to that house, from whom he subsequently purchased their stock and engaged in business tor himself Mr. McNie is a prominent member of the Baptist church of Winona, and for several years one of the trustees of that society. He was deeply interested in forming the Winona Library Association, assisted at its organization and was one of its charter members.

A. N. Bentley is a native of Wisconsin, from which state he came to Minnesota in 1861. Was educated in the high school at Rochester, this state, and in the State University at Minneapolis ; read law in the office of C. C. Wilson, Rochester ; was admitted to the bar March IT, ISTrl, and immediately located for practice in this city. His first law partnership was formed with C. H. Myers in 1876, and continued until Mr. Myers retired from practice in 1878, on account of ill health. He then formed a partnership with his brother, A. J. Bentley, which was terminated by that gentleman's death, July 18, 1879. October 1, 1880, his present law association with D. E. Yance was formed. Was elected county attorney on the democratic ticket, tall of 1878, and held office two years; was renominated by acclamation at the close of his term, but was beaten with the entire ticket, polling the heaviest vote of any candidate of his party in the district. Mr. Bently is captain of Co. C, 2d batt. M. N. G. Member of Prairie Lodge, No. 7, I.O.O.F., Oak Grove, No. 22, A.O.D. and of the A.O.U.W. and Royal Arcanum beneficiaries. He is married and has one child.

D. E. Yance is a native of Yermont; was educated at Topsham Academy, in his native state; and coming to Chicago, graduated at Eastman's Business College, in that city, in 1866. Removing to Minnesota he located in Houston county, and was there principally engaged in teaching until 1877, wlien he came to Winona, entered the hiw office of Judge Barber, of this city, and was admitted to practice at the spring term of the district court, held in 1878. Before coming west, June 13, 1862, he enlisted in the 9th Vt. Inf., was captured at Harper's Ferrj, September 16, 1862, paroled, came to Chicago and was on duty at Camp Douglas for tiiteen months as assistant commissary of prisoners. In January, 1864, he was returned to his regiment, then on duty near Moreliead City, North Carolina, remaining in that department until September of that year, when his regiment was ordered to Petersburg, Virginia. He participated in the series of engagements resulting in the capture of Richmond, his regiment being one of the first to enter the city upon its surrender. Was with his regiment at Washington in the grand national review, and was mustered out at Burlington, Yermont, June 16, 1865. Mr. Vance was made a Master Mason in 1868, and is a prominent member of the A.O.U.W. fraternity. Having served as master of his lodge two terms and represented it in tlie grand lodge session of 1880. November 29, 1879, he married Miss Alice J. Maybury, who was only a little lady of two years when her father, C. G. Maybury, came to this city.

Bottling Works, David Fakler, proprietor, corner Broadway and Zimbro streets. This business was established in this city by Messrs. Flint and Kerry, in 1878, on Seventh street. In 1871 the business was sold to Mr. Fakler, and by him removed to their present location. His manufactory is a two-stor}^ frame, 40x48 feet, with a capacity of 400 dozen a day, actual product about half that amount. He manufactures soda water, ginger-ale, root-beer. Seltzer water, and supplies a regular trade in Lewiston, Ridgeton, Stockton and Minnesota City, as well as his own city. He keeps one team constantly on the road and is assisted in business by his sons. Mr. Fakler is a native of Wurtemburg, by trade a miller, came to America in 1861, and to Winona the same year. Was six years a musician in the Gei*man army before coming here, and after taking up his residence in this city, was for six years a member of the city band. Was nuirried in 1868 and has five children, three in public school, two assisting him in his business. Mr. Fakler is a member of the Philharmonic society, and of the Ancient Order of Druids.

W. Wedkll, dealer in furniture, 10 and 12 West Second street. Business established in 1861 on north side of Second street, one door west of Lafayette, and was there conducted until moved into its present location in 1866. Was burned out once, but loss was very slight, principally caused by removal of stock. His business house fronts 42 feet on Second street, is 60 feet deep, and his stock occupies two floors. No manufacturing is done and only one assistant employed. Mr. Wedel is a native o± Leipsic, Germany, was bred to tlie furniture trade in that city, came to America in 1836 at twenty-two years of age, was in Baltimore four years, and then for twenty years foreman of the furniture manufactory of Mitchelor & Rommeley, before coming to this city. Mr. Wedel was married before liis immigration to this country, and has two children, one of them Dr. W. H. Wedel, of this city.

Lemuel Hill was born in Starksboro, Vermont, and received a good common scliool education. He spent his youth on his father's farm, where he learned economy and the art of farming. In 1861 Mr. Hill left Starksboro to seek his fortune in the west. After looking over the country and cities in Wisconsin and eastern Minnesota, he bought the E. i of the S.E. i of Sec. 9 and the W. ^ of the S. W. J of Sec. 10, and engaged in farming. He has held the office of supervisor six years, of assessor two years, and is at present (1882) township treasurer. He has also taught several winter terms of school in this township, but at present is giving his whole attention to farming. He has accumulated property and invested in farm lands until he now has control of 560 acres of land, lying in the townships of Pleasant Hill, Homer and Wiscoy.

George Von Gentskow was born in Oklenburg, Germany, in 1826, of noble parentage. He was educated in some of the best schools in Germany. He was of very progressive ideas, and early in life incurred the hostility of the authorities and was forced, from political motives, to emigrate to America. He landed at New York in 1854, when, after a short residence with his, brother-in-law, Carl Schultz, at Williamsburg, New York, he came west and settled on the banks of the Mississippi, at a place which is now known as the village of Buftalo City, on the Wisconsin shore, where he went into business as a general merchant. Some five or six years later he moved to Minneiska village, engaging in various occupations until the winter of 1868, when he went into tlie butchering business, which he has carried on very successfully ever since. His son Julius is now associated with him. He is also proprietor of and carries on a large saloon in the village. Mr. A"on Gentskow enjoys the respect and esteem of the citizens of Mt. Vernon and Minneiska,.

particularly of the Germans, as he is recognized as the scion of a good old Ijunily, and liked accordingly. He was married in Germany to Sophia Schultz and has had eight children.

JosEi'H L. Leonard, farmer. Jacob Leonard, the father of this subject, was born in Canada, and marrying Mary Brown, of Massachusetts, settled on a farm in Charlotte, Chittenden county, Vermont, where Joseph, his son, was born, August 29, 1820. The father of Jacob Leonard was a shi])-carpenter on board a French man-of-war. He deserted the vessel during its service against the English colonies, in what American history terms the "French and Indian war," and settled in Canada. Jacob Leonard served the colonies through the war of 1812, after which he settled as above 3ioted. He was also a carpenter, and taught the trade to his son, the subject of this sketch, who followed that occupation in Clinton county, New York. The latter also bought a farm just over the Canadian border from his New York home, which he tilled six years. He had been reared on a farm, attending the common schools and Champlain Academy. He was married September 12, 1842, to Sophia Chidester, who was born in Maitland, Ontario, October 15, 1826. Her father, George Chidester, was born in New York, and her mother, Jane Byres, was a native of Ireland. In 1862 Mr. Leonard sold his eastern property and came to Minnesota, buying eighty acres of land in the town of Fremont, this county, where he lived one year. This he sold and returned to Canada, thinking to engage in farming there ; but the east did not appear to him as before, and he again came to Minnesota, which has since afforded him a satisfactory home. In 1863 he bought a residence in Winona, where he dwelt a short time and was engaged in overseeing construction on the Winona & St. Peter railroad. During the fall of 1863 he bought and kept the hotel at Stockton, but sold it after a short residence there. During the following summer he kept hotel at [Jtica. In the fall of 1864 Mr. Leonard became a resident of St. Charles city, having })urchased three lots on Winona street, where he still dwells, and 120 acres of land on Sec. 20. He has since ])ureha8ed seven more city lots and forty-hve acres of land, and is extensively engaged in farming operations. His home is an (U-nament to the city and a credit to himself. Mrs. Lconai-d is a member of the Advent church, and her husband sympathizes with her in religious faith. He has been assessor of the city two terms and street commissioner for the same period. His political affiliations are with the democratic party. He is a member of St. Charles Lodge of the Royal Arcanum. Mr. and Mrs. Leonard have five living children, all of whom are married, as the following shows : Mary J. , July 8, 1845, George Williams, reside St. Paul ; Emma, May 9, 1851, Henry Gage, St. Paul; Eva, August 19, 1854, Erford Gates, live on Sec. 26, this township; Joseph P., January 12, 1857, Sarah Williams, dwell at Watertown, Dakota ; Josephine, February 13, 1862, Henry W. Brown, reside with Mr. Leonard.

William Harrison Martin, farmer, son of Freeman Martin, was born in Cook county, Illinois, in the year 1838, where he attended school and remained with his father till 1861, when he moved to Whitewater, Minnesota. In 1862 married Miss Ester Covey, daughter of Stephen Covey (see sketch), and by this marriage had seven children: Lewis H., born 1863; Carrie E., born 1864 ; Hjdon F., born 1871, died 1881 ; Harry E., born 1875 ; Hattie M., born 1867; Morton C, born 1881. In 1867 Freeman Martin, father of our subject, purchased S.W. and N.E. ^ of Sec. 2, T. 108, R. 10, containing about 287 acres, of which property our subject bought an even half Was ten times elected supervisor and five times chairman of the board (see town record). In politics always votes the republican ticket ; in religion a Methodist Episcopal. Is much esteemed and respected by all who know him.

Reuben Drake was born in town of Redfield, Oneida county, New York, 1801, where he attended school and made his home till 1862, when he moved to Whitewater, Minnesota, having traded his property in Redfield for 160 acres land situated near Minneiska ; also bought ten acres adjoining village of Beaver. In 1832 our subject married Sophronia Ranney, and has been blessed with four children, born as follows : Ellen, born 1832, married in 1857, G. G. Knowles, died 1863 ; Jennette, born 1836, married in 1857 to J. R. Martin ; Bray ton, born 1838, was married to Miss Emily Hayes in 1862 ; Margaret, born 1842, married W. Buckingham in 1862. Our subject was appointed postmaster during the administration of Gen, Jackson for the town of Redfield, New York, which position with but short intervals he held till he moved to Whitewater valley, when he was again appointed under President Lincoln and held the position till 1881, being the oldest postmaster in the United States. In religion is a liberal thinker, in politics a staunch democrat.

80 continued. At its establishment it was conducted in the first floor of three-story building, upper floors used for hotel purposes. This building was destroyed in the great tire of July 5, 1862, in which Mr. Morgan's loss was comparatively light, his whole stock not exceeding $1,000 in value, and which was mostly saved by his owii exertions. The next morning after the tire, business was temporarily established on Main street, in a building in process of erection for a warehouse, and conducted there for thirty days, when a return was made to the old location, where a temporary structure liad been meantime erected. The following year, 1863, Mr. Morgan bought the lot he was occupying, and in 1866 erected his present structure, a two-story and basement brick, 20 X 53^ feet. The store is furnished with a double compartment steel safe, positively fireproof; the business employs three workmen besides the proprietor, and is one of the most elegant jewelry establishments in the state. Mr. Morgan is a native of Terre Haute, Indiana ; came with his parents to Illinois ; removed afterward to the county seat, where he learned his trade, and had resided eleven years before coming to this city. He is member and director of the board of trade, a stockholder in the Winona wagonworks, and fully identified with the city's commercial and industrial growth. A prominent member of the Methodist Episcopal church ; he has been for seventeen years secretary of its Sabbath-school.

Philip Spielman, farmer, was born near Heidelberg, Germany, October 14, 1814. He attended school till eighteen years old, the last two years being spent at the famous university under whose shadow he was reared. On leaving the university he entered the army, in which he served seven years. In 1839 he came to America, landing at New Orleans, where he learned tlie carpenter's tmde. He arrived at port seven dollars in debt, and paid this by two days' labor in unloading the vessel. From New Orleans he went to Portage county, Ohio, where he was married November 2, 1841, to Catharina Mohn, a native of Loraine, born January 23, 1823. In 1844 Mr. Spielman went to Washington county, Wisconsin, then a new region, and proceeded to open up a farm in heavy timber ; for a short time after locating there his nearest neighbor was eleven miles away. Here he ccmtinued to follow his trade most of the time, his sons carrying on the farm work as soon as they were old enough. In 1862 he came to St. Charles and bought 160 acres of land on Sec. 5, where he lived until 1877; his health failing, he bought a house and lot in St. Charles city, where he has lived ever since his removal from the farm. He now owns 260 acres of land, eighty acres being on Sec. 7, and the balance on Sec. 29, in Elba. Mr. Spielman is a member of St. Charles Lodge, A. F. and A. M., in which he is now steward ; he is a republican in politics and in religion a Methodist. He has reared eleven children, as follows : John, born October 8, 1842, married Katie Gim, died at Faribault, April 30, 1868 ; Catharina, born November 7, 1843, married Christ Busman and lives on Sec. 5 ; Henry, born November 8, 1847, died December 6, 1865, at St. Charles; Mary, born December 3, 1849, married John Henrich and is living in the township of Elba ; Andrew, born October 8, 1851, married Tilla Kobler and lives in St. Charles city; Nathaniel, born September 16, 1853, married Amelia Bossewitz and lives at Curry, Minnesota; Philip J., born March 27, 1855, lives at St. Charles; Maggie, born August 20, 1857, dwells with parents ; William, born April 18, 1860, resides on Sec. 7; Mina, born April 15, 1862; Sarah, born October 15, 1864.

C. L. Bonner, grain and commission merchant. Mr. Bonner has been a permanent resident of this city for the past twenty years, having come here to stay in 1862. His first visit to the place prospecting for a field of operations was made in 1857. From 1862 until 1881 Mr. Bonner was actively engaged in grain trade here. He was one of the moving spirits of the Winona Mill Company, one of the original incorporators and the first president of the company, taking charge of its affairs September 1, 1881. Mr. Bonner is a capitalist of considerable financial weight, and, in addition to his grain and mill interests, is a stockholder of the Second National Bank of the city. He is married and has one child now attending the high schodl in this city.

Charles L. Turnquest, born in Sweden, in 1828, came to America in 1852 and settled in Whiteside county, Illinois, where he remained until 1862, removing to Minnesota, settling in Winona county and buying the property he now occupies. Pie was married at Fulton, Illinois, to Mary Jonston, by whom he had ten children. He entered the army in 1864, joining the 11th Minn., and was under Thomas in Tennessee and at the battle of Nashville. He remained with his regiment until their muster out of service, when he had received the rank of a non-commissioned officer. Mr. Turnquest has always been an active sportsman and has experienced uiany adventures. He is now engaged in pursuit of the finny tribe, and is shipping large quantities to St. Paul and Chicago, and is making preparations for the opening of a large canning establishment at Minneiska. He had his house and outbuildings swept away by the great storm of 1880, suffering a severe pecuniary loss. He lost his wife in 1879, and his sons have started out in business for themselves, one being in the drug business in Chicago and the other in a sash and door factory.

V. A. Brink, grocer, 4 West Third street. This house is the successor of the old grocery house of H. D. Perkins, established in 1857 on West Front street, and of which Mr. Brink became sole owner in 1878 by ])urchasing the interest of his partner, W. R. Williams, with whom, seven years before, under the firm name of Brink & Williams, he had bought out the stock of H. C. Harkins, Mr. Perkins' })artner and successor. Mr. Brink, prior to removing to his present location in 1880, was on East Second street, first at No. 2, afterward at No. 11. Business is gradually growing, and sales are slightly in advance of last year. The business gives full employment to three persons and one delivery wagon. Mr. Brink is a native of western New York ; was brought up on a farm ; came to Winona in 18fi2, and was eight years in the dry-goods house of his brother, J. L. Brink, before opening trade on his own account. Mr. Brink is married and has. three children, one of whom is in attendance at the state normal school. Mr. Brink was made a Master Mason in 1868 ; became a member of Winona Chapter, No. 5, R. A.M., in 1881, and a Knight Templar in Cceur de Lion Commandery. No. 3, of this city, in 1882.

Danip:l Burke was born in Ireland June 4, 1839. His father, Thomas Burke, was a very thrifty farmer, but suffered considerable loss from the famine of 1849, he having become surety for several families who were unable to pay their rent. His mother, Margaret Burke, died in 1852, and in 1855 his father emigrated to New York with the rest of his family, and he and the subject of our sketch went to work u})on the Erie canal and worked there until it was completed. Then our subject hired out with a farmer and worked for him three years. When done work for this farmer he came to Minnesota, in company with his brother, in search of his father and the rest of the family that had moved to Sugar Loaf. After finding his fanuly he looked over the greater part of Winona county, and finally, in 1862, bought the S. i of the N.E. ^ of Sec. 6 in Pleasant Hill township, and in 1863 he bought the E. ^ of N.W. i of Sec. 6. He was married to Bridget Moran January 18, 1863. He and his wife went to work with that energy which is always crowned with success, and at this time (1882) they have 320 acres of land, fenced into six fields and well stocked with horses, hogs, sheep and cattle. They have a very comfortable frame house, with modern conveniences, and good barns and granary. Their union has been blessed with seven children : Thomas, born November 20, 1863 ; William, born January 20, 1865 ; Daniel, born September 20, 1866 ; John, born March 2, 1868, and died March 2, 1869 ; Mary A., born December 2, 1869 ; Margaret E., born June 4, 1871, and Hugh James, born March 15, 1871:. The children are all living at home, and, with their parents, form a cheerful and contented family.

James Koan, farmer. Lands located on S.W. J of N.W. J and W. i of S.W. i of Sec. 37, and on the S.E. i of N.E. i of Sec. 28, St. Cliarles township. This claim was made in May, 1855, by the present proprietor, and proved up by him in July of that year ; but he did not reside upon it or farm it in person until the fall of 1862, since which date it has been his family's residence. Mr. Roan has added to his original claim of 160 acres until his farm includes 291 acres, mostly oak openings. His farming operations include both grain raising and stock, although, like most farms in this township, grain has been hitherto the staple of the farmer. The yield of grain per acre on this farm, for the season of 1882, was : wheat (winter), 24 bushels ; wheat (spring), 19 bushels ; barlej, 30 bushels ; oats, 45 bushels ; corn, 40 bushels. Of stock, there are 12 head of horses, 2 cows and 6 hogs. Mr. Roan is a native of Gloucestershire, England ; came to America in 1850, traveling that season as far westward as Dubuque county, Iowa, and being unmarried was not permanently located until he settled upon his farm here in 1862. During those twelve years he traveled over the Mississippi valley region quite extensively, southward as far as New Orleans, Louisiana, and northward into Minnesota. In 1861 he returned to his native country, England. The following year, 1862, he married Miss L. Candy, and the same fall, crossing the ocean with his bride, took up his permanent residence in Winona county. The following season, 1863, he built what now forms the kitchen of his comfortable farm-house, moved into it, and so became fully settled in his new western home. The main part of the dwelling was erected in 1870. Mr. and Mrs. Roan have five children, all inclined to intellectual and mechanical pursuits, rather than the home-work of tlie farm.

The eldest daughter is now pursuing her musical studies in Winona cit}', a branch of art for which she evinces a decided talent. The youngest cliild, a bright boy of six years, is at home. The others, one son and two daughters, are pursuing their school studies under the direction of Mr. Parsons, teacher of one of the district schools, anil generally accepted as one of the most effi('ient teachers in the township. Mr. Roan is a man of gentle manners, but most positive convictions ; a genuine reformer in temperance matters, and quite of the radical school. An air of genial hospitality and genuine homefeeling pervades the household which it is im])ossible not to recognize, even on casual acquaintance.

Peter Ferdinakd Boysen, born in Schleswig, Germany, in the year 1841 ; received a common school education. His youth was spent on a farm. He emigrated to the United States in 1862, and removed to Rolling Stone township the same year, where he remained for six years, when he removed to Hillsdale township, where he has since remained. In 1865 Mr. Boysen was married to Mrs. Charlotte Hertsberg, widow of Herman Hertsberg, who died in Hillsdale township in 1862. Mrs. Boysen was born in Holstein, Germany, December 30, 1830. Mrs. Boysen emigrated to the United States with her first husband in 1853, and to Hillsdale township in 1856. Mrs. Boysen has four children living by her first husband, and four b}^ Mr. Boysen. Mr. and Mrs. Boysen are members of the Lutheran church. Mr. Boysen owns 340 acres lying in Sec. 15, in township 107 and Sec. 22, in Hillsdale township.