Winona County, Minnesota - Biographical sketches (4 of 4 so headed), 1883 (part 1 of 2)

Charles G. Bachelder, book-keeper, is of English descent. His grandfather, Nathan Bachelder, moved from New Hampshire to Plallowell, Maine, and built his house in the midst of tliick woods, where now is the busy city. Here was born to him Charles G., the father of this subject ; he married Susan M. Curtis, a native of Boston, Massachusetts, and engaged in mercantile business at Hallowell, where was born the person whose name heads this sketch, July 26, 1843. After, and in connection with his course at the public school and academy, he received some practical commercial training in his father's store. At fifteen years of age he went to Boston and entered the employ of an uncle in the fruit and produce business at Faneuil Hall market. From here he went to Chicago in the spring of 1863, and took charge of a storage warehouse for Seavens Brothers three years ; was three years with the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway Company as checking clerk and bookkeeper, and kept books a short time for a produce . commission house. In the fall of 1869 he entered the employ of a live-stock commission merchant at St. Louis and remained there ten years. He was married in St. Louis March 26, 1873, to Rhoda C. Mumbower, who was born in Monongahela City, Pennsylvania, November 20, 1853. In October, 1879, Mr. Bachelder became a resident of St. Charles, having been employed to keep the books of C. W. Seefield, an extensive grain dealer, with warehouses in various parts of this state and^ Dakota. For the past two years he has acted as city recorder ; in politics is a republican. He is a member of the masonic order and of the A.O.U.W. ; was a member of the Unitarian church in the East and still cherishes that belief. Six children have been born to him, as below noted : Annie M., February 1, 1874; Maud, August 17, 1875; George, June 27, 1877 ; Charles G., April 16, 1879 ; Harry, August 27, 1881 ; William M., May 19, 1883.

His father, Allen Ross, emigrated from the Highlands to Canada when eighteen years old, and his mother, Isabella McKay, was about the same age at the time of landing in America. They were married in Canada and had seven, sons and one daughter, all of whom are now living save two, three of them in the west, one in Oregon, one at Luverne, and the subject of this sketch at St. Charles. The latter was born in Burford, Oxford county, Ontario, February 17, 1841. He assisted his father on the farm till of age, and then worked among neighboring farmers. He soon became imbued with the spirit of enterprise which has developed the west, and spent the summer of 1864 in Dodge county, Wisconsin, where he was engaged in drilling wells. In October of the same year he removed to St. Charles, and has ever since been a resident here. He followed drilling for several years, and in the spring of 1873 opened a livery business in this city, which he conducted five years ; at the same time he sold some agricultural machinery, and has ever since made a specialty of the J. I. Case threshers. After closing his livery business he engaged exclusively in the sale of machinery ; has also dealt in horses and other stock to a considerable extent. He owns his present business location on Whitewater street and a residence on Church street, and also 160* acres of land near Kedwood Falls. Mr. Ross is a member of the board of trade, and is one of the foremost of the citizens who are trying to develop the city and its interests. He has been a member of the board of aldermen for the past four years ; is a republican. He was reared under Presbyterian teachings, but is a liberal in religion, affiliating most nearly with Universalism. Mr. Ross was united in marriage January 12, 1869, to Miss Martha J. Remore, who was born near Racine, Wisconsin, July 23, 1848. Her parents, Jacob F. Remore and Casendana Brown, were natives of New York. They have two children, whose births date as below: Mina E., May 1, 1872; Grace D., October 2, 1875.

John Macomber, farmer, is a son of Joshua Macomber, who emigrated from Rhode Island to Granville, Washington county, New York, and married Hannah Watson, a native of Salem, in the same county. John, the subject of this sketch, was born here, July 28, 1828. He assisted in the labors of the farm and attended the district schools till seventeen years old. At this time he was apprenticed for five years to a carpenter and builder, and for twenty years after serving his time he followed this occupation. Decern- ber 24, 1851, he married Lucretia W. Stewart, a native of the same town as himself. She was born March 8, 1829. Her father, Samuel Stewart, served througli the war of 1812. After living on a farm in P'ort Ann four years, he came to Minnesota, arriving in St. Ciiarles in the spring of 1874. He had traded his eastern farm for one of ninety-six acres within the limits of this city, on Sec. 29, and found a better domain than he expected. The health ol liis family was very much improved by this removal, but Mr. Macomber has suffered a great deal of late from heart disease, probably the result of his hard labor. His life has been one of severe and constant toil, and he cannot be content when idle. Mr. Macomber is a staunch republican. He has been a member of the Methodist church since 1843, and his wife joined the same body fifteen years since. John S. Macomber, son of the above, was born in Granville, February 1, 1852. He attended the village school till twenty years old, working part of the time with his father from his sixteenth year. He came with his parents to this city, and has been in partnersliip with his father in business. For the last five years he has made a specialty of breeding fine blooded poultry, and has several varieties, doing a good business in the sale of chickens and eggs. He was married October 4, 1880, to 'Mary, daughter of David and Mary Jones, of Wales. She was born at Columbus, Wisconsin, August 15, 1860. They have one child, John, born November 14, 1881. Mr. Macomber agrees with his father in political opinions, but is not so well established in religious faith ; his life, however, is an exemplary one, and he is reckoned among the promising young men of our rising city.

John H. Firth, farmer, is a son of Vincent Firth, a native of Sheffield, England, who came to the United States, married Emily Briggs, of Pennsylvania, and settled near Philadelphia, engaging in mercantile business. The subject of this sketch was born here September 5, 1832. When four years old his ])arents removed to Switzerland county, Indiana, where he received his education in common and select schools. After graduating at the Oincirmati Commercial College he engaged in teaching, which he followed several years. He visited Minnesota in 1856, and settled permanently in Utica township in 1859. He bought eighty acres of land on Sec. 25, which he cultivated two years and sold after owning six years. He opened the first grocery store in Lewiston, in 1861, and sold it out in the fall of 1863. In January, 1864, he bought the farm on which he still resides ; this embraces 160 acres of Sec. 12, and is one of the handsomest farms in the county, being finelyimproved through Mr. Firth's industry and sagacity. He was married November 9, 1862, to Miss Lucy Myers. Mrs. Firtlfs father, James Myers, was one of the pioneer settlers of Utica. He was born in Kentucky, November 15, 1815. His wife, Mary Elliott, was a native of the same state. Lucy, their daughter, was born in Decatur county, Indiana, February 20, 1846. Mr. Myers removed from Indiana to this town in the spring of 1855, and resided on Sec. 12 nearly seven years. He then returned to Indiana, and is now residing in Kansas. Mr. and Mrs. Firth are Baptists in faith, the latter having joined a church of that denomination. The former is an ardent republican ; he was town clerk in 1S66-7, treasurer in 1862-3, and served by appointment as supervisor in 1882. The family includes four children, whose births are thus recorded : Vincent IL, October 24, 1863 ; Nellie E., May 28, 1866 ; Cora M., July 22, 1869 ; Ida M., October 5, 1871.

B[enry Nusslock, farmer, son of Yalendin Nusslock and Anna K. Heck, was born in Rheinpfalz, E-ohrbach, Beilandan, Bavaria, April 10, 1840 ; he has always been a farmer; his education in English has all been obtained by private study ; he attended school in his native land, and emigrated to the United States at seventeen, coming direct to Utica township. After working as a farm-laborer several years, he sent funds to his fatherland, brought over his parents, a brother and sister and aunt. In 1864 he bought eighty acres of land on Sec. 12, and next year bought forty acres more adjoining and built a residence thereon. He now has a finely improved farm. His parents have resided with him since he acquired a home ; the father died Ma}- 16, 1883, aged seventy-eight years ; the mother is still, at the age of eighty-two, a strong and rugged woman. Mr. Nusslock was married November 16, 1864, to Apolonea Posz, who was born in Billigheim, Bavaria, May 23, 1827. They are Presbyterians in religigus faith. Six children have been born to them, as follows : Peter, September 5, 1866 ; Jacob, March 22, 1868; Amelia, January 15, 1871; Lucy, February 18, 1872; Henry, April 28, 1873 ; Emma, January 23, 1880. Mr. Nusslock is a member of the lodge of A.F. and A.M. at Lewiston, and Aurora Grove of Druids of the same place. He is a democrat ; has been treasurer of his school district, and was elected town supervisor in

Bkrnhard Seeman, farmer, was reared on a farm in Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Germany, where he was born August 16, 1831. After attending the common school, as customary in his native land, till fourteen years old, he was apprenticed at fifteen to a miller for three years ; this business he followed about twenty years. At twenty-three he came to the United States, and was employed several years in a mill at Watertown, Wisconsin. He came to Minnesota in 1867, and worked in a mill in Warren township, this county ; two years later he bought 160 acres of land on Sec. 34, Utica, where his home has ever since been ; he has since made purchase and sale of land, and now has 120 acres, on which he is erecting new buildings ; also has a house and lot in the village of Lewiston. His wife, Caroline nee Hoebbe, was born in the same parish as himself, January 18, 1834, and they were united in marriage at Watertown, May 1, 1856. Mr. Seeman has cultivated a kTiowledge of English by private study, and is one of our representative men. He is a member of Aurora Grove of Druids, at Lewiston, a Lutheran and a democrat. His sons are educated and promising young men. There are four children : Bernhard M., born July 14, 1857, married Maggie Posz, June 14, 1883, and lives at Lewiston ; Charles H., September 24, 1861, now teaching at Lewiston ; WiUiam A., March 2, 1865 ; Helen H. September 18, 1872.

Oliver W. Hunt, blacksmith, is descended from an English family of tliat name who settled at Weymouth, Massachusetts, in 1630. George Hunt was born in Canton, Norfolk county, Massachusetts, and married Polly Bryant, a native of the same town. He was a blacksmith and worked all his life here. The subject of this sketch, his son, was born on January 9, 1843. He attended the common schools till seventeen j^ears old, and was then apprenticed to a blacksmith, and has ever since followed that occupation. He began business for himself in his father's shop in Canton, and contiimed several years in the vicinity. On September 5, 1864, he enlisted as a sailor on the United States gunboat luka, and served till June 15, 1865. His vessel belonged to the east gulf squadron, and ci-uised about the blocked ports in its beat. Mr. Hunt came to Minnesota with a colony in 1872, and after prosjjecting about Glyndon left the colony and returned to Winona, where he worked a short time. After spending a year at Stockton he settled in business at Lewiston in September, 1873. He bought a residence and shop on the south side of the railroad, where he is still located. He has six lots, and in 1883 built a large two-storj shop, where he makes wagons and does general repairing. Mr. Hunt is a member of Harmony Lodge, A. F. and A. M., at Lewiston, of which organization he is secretary. He is also village clerk, has been village assessor and justice, and clerk of the school district six years. In 1875 he was elected to the legislature, and served the following winter with credit to himself and the district. His political tenets are republican. His wife (Marcia Davenport) was also born in Canton, on August 7, 1846. Her parents (Jesse Davenport and Elmira Hill) were natives of the same state. She was joined to Mr. Hunt in holy matrimony September 30, 1863. They have four living children and have lost one. Here is their record : Almira, born July 22, 1864, married John Erion, and lives in this township ; Dora E, October 18, 1867, married Joseph Posz, and lives at Winona ; Louis O., July 24, 1871, died when eighteen months old ; Emma W., March 20, 1875 ; Edith L., July 21, 1879.

John Fohl, restaurant, was born in the town of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, November 15, 1848, his parents, Nicholas and Catharine Fohl, were born in Luxemburg, Germany. He was reared on a farm, and received very little schooling. He came to Minnesota in 1865, and worked six years on the construction of the Winona & St. Peter railroad. He was married on January 15, 1871, to Amelia Kuhnert, who was born in Brandenburg, Germany, in the fall of 1856. They have five children: Louis, Julia, William, Linas and Benjamin. In 1870, while hunting, Mr. Fohl was accidentally shot through the right arm, which disabled him for some time; the mishap was caused by a horse starting while he was lifting his gun from the cutter to which the animal was attached. In 1873 he opened a refreshment saloon at Lewiston, and has continued in the business since. He soon bought the property, which he rented at first, and now owns a handsome brick residence and two business lots in Turner's addition, opposite the railroad depot, and is doing a prosperous business. In 1883 he built a new business stand, with public hall overhead, 46 X 24 feet in size. He is one of the enterprising men of the village. He is a member of Aurora Grove Druids, a democrat and a Roman Catholic.

the village of Lewiston, was born near Penuinuton, Ripley county, Indiana, September 11, IS-H. In 1855 his father settled on Sec. 14 in this township, where he dwelt till liis aeatli. The subject of this sketch had but few school privile.i>:es, as the country attorded small advantages in that line, until he began to care for himself, and his services were required b}' his parents in developing their new farm. At twentv-one he worked out among neighboring farmers. In 1863 he went to Warsaw, Goodhue county, in this state, where he purchased eighty acres of land, that he tilled iive years. In the spi-ing of 1864 he married Marcia (xeorge, who died on Christmas day, 1870; one child of hers is now living, - Mary A., born December 15, 1860, now in the state asylum for the blind. In 1868, having sold his Goodhue county property, Mr. Lewis returned to Utica, and bought 160 acres on Sec. 35, and still resides thereon. He has since purchased forty-two acres more, and has an excellent farm with good buildings and improvements. On September 1, 1872, Mr. Lewis was united in marriage to Miss Melissa J. Whetstone, daughter of David and Nancy Whetstone, who removed from Indiana to Warren, 1855. She was born in Dearborn county, Indiana, January 10, 1852. Mrs. Lewis is a member of the Dunkard church, and her husband sympathizes with her faith. He is a democrat in political principle. They have three children, born as follows : Jonathan Smith, May 20, 1876; David H., June 13, 1878; Hattie D., April 21, 1880. In 1869 Mr. Lewis' granary, machinery, etc., were damaged by a flood, which swept some articles half-a-mile from the foundation ; and in 1870 his house was destroyed by Are, while uninsured, but he went to work with the energy which wins to repair the damages, and is now independent.

Aakox Lewis, farmer, brother of the above, was born at th&sanie place, March 19, 1847. Ever since he was seven years old he has resided in this township. He began to care tor himself at twenty years of age. He was married December 12, 1870, to IVIary A. Stewart, who was born in Granville, New York, August 21, 1850. Her father, John Stewart, was born in New York, and her mother, Rosilla Kilbourn, is a native of Vermont, and they now reside in the town of Warren. Mr. Lewis operated a threshing machine several years. In 1873 lie rented a farm in Warren, which he tilled until he purchased his present domain ; this consists of eighty acres, on Sec. 34, Utica, which he acquired in 1882. Both himself and wife are members of the Dunkard church. He has voted but once in his life, and then cast a democratic ballot. Four children have been given him, as recorded below : Nettie May, September 12, 1871; Cora A., February 10, 1875; Elizabeth A., March 21, 1877; John H., February 7, 1881.

Charles Schaetan (deceased) was one of the pioneer settlers "^ Utica township, having bought a claim to 160 acres of land on Sec. 11, where he dwelt till the fall of 1882. He was born in Prussia, January 19, 1813, and married Mary Abel December 26, 1838. He emigrated to the United States in 1848, but becoming dissatisfied, returned to his native land. Keturning again to America, he bought a farm near Muscatine, Iowa, which he tilled until his removal here. He sold his farm to his son-in-law in the fall of 1882 and removed to the village of Lewiston, where he died December 22, that year. He had three children, of whom one died in Colorado. The youngest, Elizabeth, was born November 29, 1842 ; married William Kramer, and lives on Sec. 11. William C. Schartan, son of the above, was born in Saxony, Prussia, July 6, 1840, and was therefore eight years old on his first visit to America. Most of his education was received in our common English schools, and he has not disgraced his opportunities. Most of his life has been spent in this township. He went south early in 1864, and after serving the United States as a watchman at Nashville' for six months enlisted, in August of that year, in Co. I, 40th Mo. Inf., and served about a year. He participated in the battles of Franklin and Nashville, Tennessee, and capture of the forts about the harbor of Mobile. At the close of the war he was discharged and returned to Utica. In 1869 he purchased eighty acres of land on Sec. 2, on which he lived seven years. He was married, March 18, 1876, to Anna, daughter of Frederick Ogrosky ; she was born in Lesing, Prussia, June 28, 1856. They have three children, whose births date as follows : Minnie, October 6, 1877 ; Edward, October 8, 1880 ; Charles, March 19, 1883. After selling his farm, in 1876, Mr. Schartan moved to the village of Lewiston, where he still resides, and took up carpenter work, his present occupation. He is a republican in politics and a Universalist in religion.

William Dexter Bosworth, farmer. The father of this subject. Constant D. Bosworth, was one of the force called out in what was called the " Aroostook war, " to drive the Canadians from American timber on the Maine border. He was a native of Maine, as was his wife, Eliza Adkins. W. D. Bosworth was born in Sumner, Oxford county, Maine. February 1, 1842. His father died when he was but. a youth, and he was early compelled to care for himself. At sixteen he began to work out on farms during the summer. His education was furnished by the common schools, supplemented by three terms at Farmington and Kent's Hill academies. On reaching his twentythird year he resolved to make himself a home in the west, and came to Minnesota, arriving in Utica in March, 1865. The next year he bought a half interest in 192 acres of land in the southwestern part of the town. At present he owns 185 acres of land in Sees. 20 and 29, and has his farm under a good state of cultivation, with fine buildings and other improvements. His wife, Maria E., is a daughter of Samuel A. Campbell and Emily Buttertield, both of whom were born at Campbell, Maine. Mrs. Bosworth was born in Farmington, same state, March 25, 1847. Mr. Bosworth is a member in good standing of Harmony Lodge, A. F. and A. M., at Lewiston ; is a LTniversalist, and a republican. Three children have been given to him and one taken away. Following is the record : Nettie E., born February 7, 1874, died June 11, 1876; Roy D., April 1, 1877 ; Verne H.,' March 30, 1879.

David H. and John Q. Wilson, farmers, were born at Alton, Illinois, the former on September 9, 1830, and the latter* August 13, 1837. Their parents, S. S. Wilson and Mary Hill, were natives of Kentucky. William Wilson, grandfather of S. S. , emigrated with a brother from Ireland to North Carolina. The latter was killed by tories during the revolution. James, father of S. S. Wilson, settled in Kentucky, whence he removed to Sinclair county, Illinois, of which region he was a pioneer, and where he died. David Wilson was reared on a farm and received a limited common school education. At sixteen years of age he went out to farm labor. He owned and operated a farm in Jersey county, Illinois, eight years. In September, 1861, he bought 120 acres on Sec. 20, Utica township, and brought his family here on April 13, following. Himself and brother are in partnership, and have been together since their advent here ; they have a highly improved farm. D. H. Wilson was united in holy matrimony to Mary Cheatham on March 28, 1859 ; she was born in Marion, Crittenden county, Kentucky, January 24, 1837 ; her parents, W. W. Cheatham and Margaret Wilson, were also natives of that state. Six children have blessed this union, of whom three are living, born as follows : Etta M., March 18, 1S64; Charles, September 21, 1868 ; Edson W., May 20, 1882. Messrs.

Wilson are believers in the second advent of Christ. In politics they affiliate with the republican party. The elder has been school treasurer eleven years, town treasurer two years and supervisor lour years. John Q. Wilson enlisted February 20, 1865, in the 3d kinn. batt., and served till February 28, 1866, quelling Indians on the western frontier.

James J. H. Dickson, farmer, is a descendant of George Dickson, a Protestant, who emigrated from Ireland to the colonies and served in the continental army thrbugh the revolution ; he married Keziah, daughter of Joshua Hurmer, a Quaker, and settled in Perry county, Pennsylvania. Here was born his son, George, who served the United States through the war of 1812 ; he married Fannie Garrett, and resided on a farm near Meadville, Pennsylvania. His son, the subject of this sketch, was born here August 14, 1819. James Dickson's early life was spent on a farm and in learning his father's trade, that of millwright, receiving some instruction in the common schools. On reacliing manhood, he kept a grocery store a short time, bought a farm, which he soon sold. On May 25, 1842, he was joined in matrimony to Miss Sarah R. Jones ; she was a daughter of Nathaniel Jones and Lavina Tyon, of Vermont, and was herself born near Whitehall, Vermont, July 1, 1816. In 1843 Mr. Dickson settled at Northville, La Salle county, lUinois, where ^le engaged in farming and the manufacture of pumps. In 1861 he removed to Minnesota, and bought 230 acres of land in Saratoga township, this county, which he owned and tilled most of the time till 1871. While on this farm he made a great many pumps, and removed the business to St. Charles, where he carried it on nearly five years and again returned to the farm with it. He has made many hundreds of wooden pumps. While living here, August 28, 1869, his faithful life partner was taken away by death. She had become a member of the Methodist Episcopal church when a young girl, and lived and died a consistent christian. Six children survived her ; here is their record: Joseph H., born March 26, 1843, lives in San Bernardino county, California, having married Julia Harvey ; Dallas S., May 29, 1844. served nearly a year in the 11th Minn. Vols., having enlisted August 20, 1864, now living in Adams county, Iowa ; Harriet J., September 16, 1848, resides atKhinebeck, Grundy county, Iowa ; Charles S., March 17, 1850, married Lillie Gates, is practicing medicine at Somonauk, Illinois ; Caroline P., September 8, 1851, married Thomas W. Hill, with whom she resides at

Rhinebeck, Iowa ; Juines P\, March 19, 1857, lives at Lake Minnetonka. In June, 1881, Mr. Dickson bought eighty acres of land on Sec. 29, Utica, where is home now is. He was married on October 30, 1872, to Catharine W., relict of Louis Bearss and daughter ot James Beatty and Elizabeth Bull, of Perry county, Pennsylvania, where she was born October 29, 1824. She is a member of the Congregational church at St. Charles, and Mr. Dickson is a member of the Utica Methodist Episcopal society. He was a democrat in early life, was present at the nomination of Abraham Lincoln for the presidency, and has voted the republican ticket ever since that time.

Clinton Doolittle, farmer, is a descendant of Eliasaph Doolittle, one of the pioneer settlers of Oneida cfumty, New York, whither he emigrated from liis native Connecticut ; he was a soldier in the war of 1812. Willard Doolittle, son of Eliasaph, was born in Oneida county and married Hannah, daughter of Charles and Abigail Forsyth, of Connecticut. She was born in ^hatauqua county. Willard Doolittle lived on a farm in Westfield, last-named county, where was born the person whose name heads this sketch, February 8, 1886. Clinton Doolittle received a common school education while helping his father on the farm. In 1854: he accompanied his father to Winona county, the latter settling on a farm below Minnesota City, where he died April 11, 1860. In 1862 the subject of this sketch became a resident of Utica, purchasing 120 acres of land on Sec. 30, his home ever snnce. His farm is a handsome one and well imju'oved by Mr. D.'s industrious care. His marriage took place November 22, 1864, the bride being Miss Elizabeth, C, daughter of Henry and Maria (Cheatham) Hilton ; she was born in Lexington, Missouri, January 22, 1844. Her parents were of Scotch and English descent, and born in Virginia and Kentucky respectively. Mr. Doolittle is a republican and a Congregationalist ; Mrs. D. is a Cam])bellite in belief. Their four handsome and interesting chihlren are all at home. Their births date as here given : Myrtie M., November 5, 1866 ; Mary Frances, September 6, 1868 ; Willard E., June 2, 1872 ; Jay C.', December 27, 1881.

Wm. F. Phelps, ex-president of the National Educational Asso ciation of the United States, and well known at home and abroad as one of the distinguished educators of the northwest, is a Tuitive of Auburn, New York. In 1846 Mr. Phelps graduated from the state normal school at Albany, with which institution he was con- nected for several years as an instructor. He graduated from Union College, Schenectady, New York, in 1851, and had the degree A.M. conferred upon him by liis Alma Mater three years later. In July, 1855, Mr. Phelps was appointed ]jrincipal of the ISTew Jersey state normal school at Trenton. This was a new institution to which the state was just giving tbrm. The buildings for the school were planned by the new principal, who also oi'ganized the school and conducted it for nine years, at the expiration of which time he closed his educational work in New Jersey, having accepted the principalship of the state normal school at Winona, Minnesota. This institution has been given due place in the educational department of this history, and any particular mention is unnecessary here. Mr. Phelps remained at the head of its affairs during a period of twelve years, in whicli its foundations were enduringly laid, and its character as a training-school for teachers fully approved. Leaving Winona in 1876, Mr. Phelps took charge of the normal school at Whitewater, Wisconsin, and continued at its head for two years, during which time he edited the "Chicago Educational Weekly," the first weekly educational journal published in the west. In 1856 Mr. Phelps assisted at the organization of the National Normal School Association, in Worcester, Massachusetts, being one of its originators, and for five successive years its president. This normal association was afterward merged into the National Educational Association, still continuing its work, however, as one of the five original departments of the more inclusive organization. At the annual session of the National Educational Association, held at Minneapolis, in 1875, Mr. Phelps was elected its president, and in that capacity delivered the opening address at the session of 1876, held at Baltimore, July 10, 11 and 12 of that year. One week later the International Congress of Education was held at Philadelphia. This congress, the result of the presence of eminent educators from all parts of the world in attendance upon America's centennial celebration at Philadelphia, convened in the judges' pavilion on the centennial grounds, on the afternoon of July 17. Sir Redmond Barry, of Australia, was elected president, and of the two American vice-presidents Mr. W. F. Phelps was chosen one, and requested to preside over the deliberations of the congress. At this congress there were I'epresentatives from twelve foreign countries, and twenty-four of the states of the American Union. This was the first conference or congress of the kind ever held, and the position of Mr. Phelps as its presiding officer naturally directed attention to his educational labors. At the Paris exposition the following year Mr. Pheli)S was awarded silver medal and di})lotna as an educaticuial writer and collahorateur. In 1875 Mr. Phelps published through tiie house of A. S. Barnes & Co., of New York, his "Teachers' Handbook,'' a practical manual for the use of teachers, which has had a most extended sale. In 1878 he assisted in the organization of the ' * Teachers' Retreat'' at Chautauqua, New York, and was director of this particular department. At the request of the Chautauqua management he prepared five small volumes to be used as handbooks for the work there prosecuted. In 1881, after nearly forty years' continuous service in the educational ranks, during which he had held the very chief seats of honor in the national and international associations, Mr. Phelps retired from educational work to devote his later years to business affairs. He is at present and lor the past four year has been the efficient secretary of the Winona board of trade.

John Ludwig, mayor of city of Winona. Mr. Ludwig is a native of Luxemburg, Germany, from which place he came to America when sixteen years ot age, settling in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. Was engaged in clerking there until the early fall of 1861, when he enlisted in the 9th Wis. Inf. reg., and was sent to the department of Missouri. His command was attached to the seventh army corps, and their field ot operations was in Kansas, Arkansas and Missouri, the service being largely one of fatiguing marches and semi-guerrila warfare, in which there is more hard woi"k than opportunity for glory. During considerable portion of the time he was in the service Mr. Ludwig was with the commissary department or on recruiting service. The hardest engagement in which he took part was that at Newtonia, Missouri, October 28, 1864. His first term of enlistment expiring, Mr. Ludwig re-enlisted, and served until mustered out in the fall of 1865, having been lour years and four months in the army. In 1867 Mr. Ludwig came to Winona, and opened the Winona house, since which time he has been engaged in hotel business. He was for three years treasurer of the city, and had served one term as alderman of the second ward, when lie was elected mayor of the cit}' in the spring of 1883. (See official list.) Mr. Ludwig is married, and has seven children, four of them attending school in the city.

tries. The company was organized May 27, 1883, the incorporators being J. D. Easter, L. C. Bonner, H. W. Lamberton, V. Simpson, J. H. Jenkins, T. T. Hayden, J. J. Eandall, C. H. Porter, W. H. Garlock, J. Kendall, F. A. Johnston, W. K. F. Yila, and A. C. Tucker. The capital stock, all taken, is $250,000, and the business of the corporation will be the manufacture of harvesters and binders and the manufacture of farm machinery and agricultural implements in general. Their location is upon a tract of twenty-seven acres, in the western part of the city, between the tracks of the Chicago & Northwestern and Chicago, Milw^aukee & St. Paul railways. Here ground has been broken, and their buildings are being erected, contract calling for their completion October 1, 1883. These buildings are a main manufactory, 260 X 50 feet, three stories high ; foundry, 105x70, one story; blacksmith shop, 50x70, and an engine-house, 32x40, furnished with an engine of 200 horse-power. These buildings are all of brick with substantial stone loundations. When completed the works will give employment to about 400 men. The present officers of the company are : President, C. L. Bonner ; vice-president, J. J. Randall; secretary and treasurer; C. H. Porter; general manager, J. D. Easter.

CuMMiNGS & Yila, wholesale and retail dealers in boots and shoes, 17 East Third street. - This business was established in 1862, by Cummings & Cushing, on Second street, in what was then known as No. 3 Union block, the east storeroom of the two numbers now occupied by Saml. Fox's clothing-house. Business was carried on at this location until 1872, when it was removed across the street to No. 3 Simpson's block, ti'om which place it was transferred to the present location, in 1875. The storeroom now occupied fronts 23^ feet on Third street, and has a depth of 90 feet, a basement of equal dimensions being used for packing and storage. The firm of Cummings & Cushing became Cummings, Cushing & Co., in 1863, by the admission of W. K. F. Yila to a partnership in the business, and on the withdrawal of Mr. Cushing, in 1865, became Cummings & Yila, and has so continued. The present firm are J. B. Cummings and W. K. F. Yila.

J. B. Cummings is a native of Kennebeck count}-, Maine. Left home when a young man, as sailor before the mast, and was on the open seas four years, voyaging around the Cape and to the Pacific coast. Was in California for four or live years before coming to this city in 1859, and was in grocery trade here until his ])reseiit shoe business was established, three years later. Mr. Cummings is a prominent member of the masonic fraternity, holding important offices in blue lodge, chaj^ter and commanderv, as will be seen by the records turiiished for insertion in this volume.

W. K. F. Vila is a native of Boston, Massachusetts; left home at seventeen years of age, was for four years a sailor before the mast, in the same vessel as his pai'tner, and made tlie trip around the Cape with him. Returning home, was in Boston from 1854 to 1859. Came to Winona in 1860, and was in grain business here until 1803, when he formed liis connection with the shoe-house ol Cummings & Co. Mr. Vila is a member and director of the board of trade ; a member of AVinona Lodge, No. 18, A. F, and A. M. ; ol Winona Chapter, No. 5, of which he was high priest three years, and of Coeur de Lion Commandery, No. 3.

A. D. Ellsworth, Minnesota City Mills, at Minnesota City; office, corner of Third and Main streets, Winona. The original mill, built by Miller & Ellsworth, on this mill site, was erected in 1867, about eighty rods west of the Union depot, at the intersection of the railway tracks at Minnesota City. The real property and water privilege includes 143 acres on the Eolling Stone river. This stream, being fed by springs, never runs dry, and at tlie mill there is a head of eleven feet, affording ample power for all purposes required. The mill, 70x72 feet, is built upon a solid stone foundation, above which the wooden structure rises three stories in height, and originally furnished with six run of stone, and having a daily capacity of 200 barrels of flour. The mill was run as a burr mill until 1880, when it was reconstructed as a gradual reduction mill, and has now a daily capacity of 240 barrels, the average product being about 140 barrels a day. The business done is a merchant milling one, the wheat supply being both local and from the western sections of the state, principal shij)])ing points being Sleepy- Eye, Redwood Falls and Marshall. Besides supplying his mill, Mr. Ellsworth is an extensive shipper of grain to eastern markets, principally wheat, alsf) barley, seeds and oats. Mill product is marketed Doth south and east. The mill gives emj)loyment to ten hands, the various shipping points six more, besides the bookkeeper in the central office, O. H. Clark. The last year's business aggregated from 250,000 to 300,000 bushels. Mr. Ellsworth is a native of Maine, which state he left in 1851 for California, where he remained Ave years, and then settled in Waupun, Wisconsin. Was there engaged in grain trade till he came to Winona county in 1862, since which time, until 1882, he has been extensively engaged in farming as well as grain shipping and milling. Mr. Ellsworth has one child living, Amos D. Ellsworth, Jr.; his mother, Mrs. Lizzie C. Ellsworth {7iee Smith) having died May 7, 1881. The family residence is on the corner of Washington and Fourth streets.

County Auditor. - R. B. Bastord, present incumbent, was elected in 1880, and present term of service expires March 1, 1883. Mr. Basford is a native ot Maine ; came to Winona from the east, where he had been engaged in merchandising, in 1856, and was here one year in the service of Indian agent Berly. Went to the Pacific in 1857, returning in 1859. Has been permanently a resident of the city since 1866, from which period until 1875 he was in real estate business. Elected county treasurer in 1875, he held that office two terms, and was then nominated and elected auditor. Mr. Basford is one of the directors of the Building Association. He was made a Master Mason in 1860 ; two years later took his chapter degree, and in 1874 became a member of Coeur de Lion Commandery. No. 3.

Benton H. Langley. division freight agent of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railway, was born at Andover, New Hampshire, September 28, 1841. His education was received in the schools of his native town, which he attended until his parents removed to the west in 1854, at which time Benton was thirteen 3^ears of age. Since then he has been educated in the school of personal endeavor. The family first settled in Elgin, Illinois, remaining until the spring of 1855, when they located in Hastings, Minnesota. During that spring and summer young Langley was employed in lathing and shingling, one of his jobs being the old Catholic church, the first church building erected in Hastings. That fall, 1855, he returned east, remaining until the spring of 1857, when he came back to Hastings, clerked in the postoffice there- one year, and in the spring of 1858 went to Mankato, as agent for Thome, Follett & Co. , bankers, at Hastings, for whom he was purchasing and shipping ginseng. That same fall, 1858, he entered the commission and forwarding house of North & Carll, remained one year, and then took a similar position with the house of Davis & Yan Auken. A few months later, March 4, 1860, Mr. Langley bought Davis' interest in the business, the firm becoming Van Auken & Langley, and so continuing until the fall of 1866. In the winter of 1864-5, Mr. Langley, under the iirm name of B. H. Langley & Co., established an agency for tlie Northwestern Packet Company, at Winona, and removed to this city with his family, February 27, 1865. The firm became Seavey tfe Langley in 1867, Langley & Hatcher in 1869, and the business discontinued two years later, when Mr. Langley became directly, as he had heretofore been indirectly, the agent of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Company. As agent of that road he held his position until 1879, when he was promoted to the post of division freight agent, with headquarters at Winona. May 12, 1862, Mr. Langley married Miss M. A. Chase, of Rochester, Minnesota. They have two children : Mary E., attending school at Wellesley, Massachusetts, and B. H. , attending the model department of the normal school here.

N. F. HiLBEKT, civil engineer and surveyor, is a native of Luxemburg, Germany, from which country he came to America at twenty-two years of age, having pursued his studies until then at his native university. In 1853 he was employed as draughtsman under Col. Berien, chief engineer of Michigan Central railway survey and construction from Michigan ' City to Chicago, and in the following year was under the same chief engineer in Illinois, on the central military tract railway fi'orn Princeton to Galesburg, the profiles and estimates of these lines being prepared by Mr. Ililbert. His health failing in that work, Mr. Hilbert came to Winona in the S])ring of 1855, and, when the transit railway line was run between this city and New Ulm, assumed charge of the surveys under his brother, H. J. Hilbert, chief engineer of the road. N. F. Hilbert was railroad expert for the appraisement between this city and Janesville, Minnesota, for the Winona & St. Peter Railway Company. He was treasurer of Winona county from 1868 to 1874, and cashier of the Merchants National Bank from 1874 to 18Y8, when impaired health compelled him to desist from office work. The ofiaces of county surveyor and city engineer he has held at various times, and there is scarcely a road in the vicinity or an addition to the city upon which his surveying skill has not been exercised. The beautiful grounds of Woodlawn cemetery were designed by him, and much of their attractiveness is due to his labor. His name is given to the brick block on the corner of Second and Lafayette streets, a substantial two-story structure, 60x80, the second story of which is his family residence.

been residents of Winona, the former since 1854, the latter since 1855. Previous to making this city their home they were in drygoods business for a number of years at Meadville, Pennsylvania. W. S. Drew, being officially connected with the financial board of Allegheny College, located there. M. K. Drew and his brother made extensive purchases of real estate on coming into Minnesota, and for the first twenty years of their residence here were in partnership in that business. Upon its discontinuance, W. S. devoted himself exclusively to city business, and M. K. to the management of his landed property, principally farms in the western part of the state. Mr. M. K. Drew was twice mayor of the city, and was also a member of the city council at various times as alderman. In the spring of 1856 he married Miss M. A. Lombard, of Boston, Massachusetts. Mrs. Drew is stili living, but their four children all died in infancy. W. S. Drew was mayor of the city in 1870-71 ; was president of the Minnesc^ta Soldiers' Orphans' Home during all the years of its existence ; city assessor during at least half of the years of the city's corporate existence, and has always been actively identified with its interests. W. S. Drew married Miss Carrie C. Sanborn, in Meadville, Pennsylvania. Four children were born to them, three of them still living : one, married, resides in Minneapolis, and one son and a daughter at home.

Matthew Marvin, superintendent of Woodlawn cemetery, is a native of Madison county. New York, where he was born in 1838. He came to Winona in 1859 and entered the leatherstore of J. J. Randall as clerk, remaining in that situation until the war of the rebellion broke out, in the spring of 1861. Mr. Marvin was one of the first to sign the volunteer enlistment paper which brought into existence the Winona company of the Minnesota regiment ; volunteered, with most of his company, for the three years' .service, and afterward was in some of the severest battles on the "peninsula." When the regiment was accepted for the three years' service Mr. Marvin was made fifth corporal, and was finally mustered out as sergeant. The service seen by his company appears in the military record of Co. K, 1st reg. Minn. Inf., U.S.Y. Mr. Marvin participated in all the marches and battles fought by his regiment and company until he was wounded in the leg at Harrison's Landing and disabled for nearly three months, during which time the regiment was engaged at Vienna and Antietam. Recovering from his wound, he joined his command before the battle at Charleston,

Virginia, October 16, 1862, and was in all the engagements following, until severely wounded at Gettysburg by a musket-shot, which, passing lengthwise through his foot, so crippled him that he was on crutches for over a year thereafter, not being again Hi for service until the term of his enlistment had expired. Leaving the service, Mr. Marvin settled in Illinois, and did not return to Winona until January, 1871, when he established himself in the harness trade here. This business he followed until April, 1873, when he accepted the position of superintendent of Woodlawn cemetery, a post which he proved himself eminently qualified for during the ten years he has held it. Mr. Marvin was married at St. Charles, Illinois, August 29, 1867, to Miss Angie A. Towle ; they have one child, Mabel W. , born, as befits a soldier's daughter, on Decoration da}^ centennial year.

W. E. Smith, florist, south side King street, between Lafayette {ind Walnut. Business was established in 1879, is growing rapidly, and gives promise of constant increase. His lots, purchased four years since, front 150 feet on King street, and run to the alley in the rear 140 feet. Upon these premises Mr. Smith built his residence four years since, and the following year commenced the erection of his greenhouses and jireparation of hotbeds, to which additions have been made from year to year, his last greenery, 15X36 feet, for carnation pinks, having been completed last fall. He has now about 8,000 square feet under glass, heated by hot air conveyed through brick flues. His gardens contain 100 hotbed frames, 3x6 feet, and the number was doubled the summer of 1883. Business is hardly established as yet, but sales of 1882 were more than double those of 1881, with good pros]3ect of a very material increase for coming seasons. Mr. Smith is a painter by trade, a native of Binghamton, New York, and was born October 23, 1853. Ten years ago he came to this city, and has industriously followed the business of his trade ever since. He is a fine fresco painter, and has worked up a large business, and has found ample employment for a force of six painters, but inasmuch as his floral business is assuming such large proportions he intends in the future to devote all his time to that industry. March 18, 1873, lie was united in marriage with Miss Elvira Hamlin, a native of Ohio. They are the parents of two children : May H. and William E.

Wm. G. MrCuTCHEN, dealer in grain, seeds, salt, stucco and cement; office and warehouse on Front street, between Johnson and Main. Elevator and warehouse, 30x130, with a storage capacity of 25,000 bushels; boiler house, 17x30, iron sheeted, furnished with an engine of 25 horse-power. Business for 1881 aggregated nearly 300 carloads of grain, two-thirds of which was wheat, thirty car-loads of salt, and about live car-loads of stucco and cement. Mr. McCutchen came to Winona in 1856, direct from New York city, where he was born, in 1829, and where he had been engaged in hardware trade. He embarked in general merchandising at this point, purchasing grain in connection therewith, and bought the first load of wheat offered in this market, winter of 1856-7. After the big fire of 1862 Mr. McCutchen engaged in grain commission business, with warehouses on the corner of Third and Center, which he built in 1860, and removed from there to the warehouse on Front, between Lafayette and Walnut, which he still uses for storage purposes. His parents, William and Eliza (St. John) McCutchen, were natives of New York and Connecticut, respectively. Mr. McCutchen was married November 7, 1866, to Miss Sarah Ridgway, a native of Paterson, New Jersey, and has a family of three children, as follows : Anna v., who graduated at the State Normal with the class of 1882 ; and Mary R. and William, now in attendance at the city schools.

John B. Kirch, dealer in agricultural implements, 82 East Second street. Warehouse, 20x70 feet, with basement, and an addition 18X45 feet. Business was established by present proprietor in May, 1871, at same location. Heaviest sales have been of Deering's twine binders and thrashers, manufactured by J. I. Case, Racine. During the busy season Mr. Kirch keeps a force of from seven and eight hands constantly employed, and his sales for 1881 aggregated $45,000, all retail trade within the county limits. The trade for this season, 1882, will be fully equal to that of 1881. Mr. Kirch is a native of Luxemburg, Germany; came to America with his parents, John and Hellen (Guidinger) Kirch when in his infancy, the family settling in Ozaukee county, Wisconsin, on a farm. Remaining there until 1867, they removed to Winona county. From that date until 1871 Mr. J. B. Kirch was grain inspector in the elevator there ; then removed to Winona, and established trade in farm machinery. Business has grown from small beginnings until he has become the heaviest dealer in his line within the county limits. He is a member and trustee of St. Joseph's Catholic church, and also a member of the St. Joseph's Benevolent Society connected therewith. In 1873 he married Miss Sarah Remendeno. a native of Woodstock, Illinois. They are the parents of four children, one son and three daughters.

Franklin B. Kowell, of Homer township, is a native of Alienstown, New Hampshire. He is a son of Charles and Mary (Davis) Rowell, and was born November 14, 1820. At the age of sixteen years he became an apprentice to the trade of boot and shoe maker, and soon after completing his trade, engaged in the business for himself. This he followed till 1855, when he sold out with a view to trying the realities of the famous west, and in May of that year arrived in Winona and at once made a claim on Sees. 6 and 7, in the township of Homer, where he permanently located and engaged in farming. For the last few years Mr. Rowell has made vegetables and fruit gardening a specialty, finding a ready market for his superior produce in the city of Winona. November 8, 1847, he was married to Miss Mary A. Jenkins, at Deeriield, New Hampshire, a native of Cxreenland of that state. They are the parents of three sons, Charles F., who was educated for the law, and is now engaged in agricultural pursuits in Brown county, this state; George W., of Winona, and Clarence M. at home. Mr. Rowell is now spending his declining years surrounded with the comforts of a pleasant home.

George F. Story, the oldest resident barber in this city, first made his appearance here in 1855, and occupied a small space in the old Winona house on the levy. During his long residence here he has changed locations eleven different times, and has worked up and down the river among the boat and raftsmen, but has never lost his right of residence here. He was born in Galena, Blinois, in 188(), and early in life took a position on a river steamboat, as cabin-boy and worked his way up to steward. Mr. Story (more familiarly known as Prof. Story) is one of a family of natural musicians and has played Math Prof. Rohweder, of the Germania band for the last twenty-five years. This fact is proof of his skill as a musician. As Prof. Rohweder has so many years retained him in his company regardless of some opposition on account of race and color.

Frank W. Schmidt, pro])rietor of the Boston bakery of this city, established business here in the spring of 1868, at his present quarters, 85 East Third street. His first building was burned in 1870. and he at once rebuilt, though at first only one-story, but soon after raised his building one story higher and built a large addition to the rear of it, and in 1881 added another fine two-story brick addition fronting on Third street. His entire beautiful brick front is forty-four feet and, including his well arranged ice-cream gardens, seventy feet. .Mr. Schmidt is by nativity a Saxon-G-erman, and was born in 1830 ; came with liis parents to America in 1844, sailing from Bremen in the Caroline. Soon after his arrival in New York he entered a Brooklyn bakery as an apprentice, and after the completion of his trade followed that business in the vicinity of Boston and New York till 1854. He then went via the Isthmus to California, where he remained till 1867, and then returned to New York, and thence the same year to this city. He was married in 1870, and has five children, whose names in the order of their births are Paul W., Charles M., Frank E., Walter H. and Emma F.

Kingsbury, Holland & Co., grocers, 3 East Third street. This business was started by Keeler & Taylor, in 1865, on the northwest corner of Main and Third streets, and was the first store that did business on Third street, trade being confined at that time to Second street and the cross-streets nearer the levee. In September, 1866, Keeler & Taylor sold out to Kingsbury & Jones, who continued business until March, 1867, when A. Holland purchased Jones' interest, the house becoming Kingsbury & Holland. One year later, 1868, the business was removed to its present location. After ten years' successful management Mr. Kingsbury retired, his place being taken by his sons, F. E. Kingsbury and H. W. Kingsbury, the firm becoming Kingsbury, Holland & Co. In March, 1882, the firm purchased the property they had so long occupied, and at the same time A. Holland bought the property adjoining them on the west, at the corner of Main and Third streets. The building of the firm fronts 24 feet on Third street and has a depth of 82 feet. They have a growing trade ; do a fine retail business, employing a force of six persons and two delivery wagons. W. F. Kingsbury, father of the Kingsbury members of the firm, is a native of Maine, where he was engaged in farming previous to his coming to Winona in 1865. Though no longer an active member of the firm, he is no disinterested observer of the growth of the business he assumed control of sixteen years since, and which he has now surrendered into the hands of his sons, who were trained for business under his own eye, in his own establishment. He is a prominent member of the Baptist denomination of this city. He is also interested in farming, owning a fine farm in Utica township, A. Holland is a native of Vermont ; came to Quincy, Olmsted county, Minnesota; in 1861, and in November of that year enlisted in Co. K, 1st Mimi. Inf. The first season he was in the field, saw little active service, owing to sickness, but from October, 1862, was constantly with his regiment, until disabled at Petersburg in June, 1861-, being severely wounded in the right arm and was pronounced unlit for duty, until he left the service at the expiration of his term of enlistment and returned to this state. Mr. Holland owns 560 acres of real estate in the county, including a dairy and stock farm at Homer, from which, during 1882, he made 1,200 pounds of butter; the other stock, principally cows and Cottswold and Leicester sheep. He married Miss Ella Kingsbury, the daughter of his old partner, in 1866. They have one child, Gertrude, a daughter, now in attendance at the Winona Higli School. Mr. Holland is a director of the Board ot Trade and a member and trustee of the Baptist church of this city.

James W. Stovall, Winona, proprietor of the Stovall dining hall, at 4 East Second street, established business in this city in 1878. Mr. Stovall is a native of Decatur, Alabama, and in slavery times was the property of Mayor Wise. He is one of those who have been bettered by the abolition of slavery. In 1864, when the colored people became useless to their owners, and could no longer be provided for by them, by reason of the occupation and desolation of the country by federal troops, James left the old plantation and joined the 51st 111. Vol. Inf., in the capacity of cook. After the close of the war he went to Chicago, and there engaged in civil pursuits till his removal to Winona in 1877. While in Chicago, and since his residence in this city, Mr. Stovall has, by honesty, sobriety and industry, made for himself many friends, and in these few years acquired enough to make himself comfortable, and also to enable him to give liberally to the worthy poor. The above facts were gleaned from an editorial in the Decatur (Alabama) "Weekly News," of May 18, 1883, a paper which rarely ever contained a friendly notice of a man of Mr. Stovall's raCe or color.

Jacob Stirnkman, proprietor of the steam bakery, Winona, manufacturer of crackei's and jobber in confectionery, etc. - business on Third street, between Main and Johnson - is a native of Granichen, canton Argau, Switzerland, and was born in 1826. At the age of fifteen he began an apprenticeship in a bakery, and after completing his trade began business for himself and followed the same till 1851, when he left his native land, sailing for New York in the ship Samuel Fox. The first three years in this country he spent as a hand in a bakery in Rochester, New York, after which he started in busi- ress for himself in that city. In 1865 he sold out and removed to Springfield, Illinois, where he conducted a prosperous business till his removal to Winona in 1876. He is now occupying the first floor and basement, 24x100 feet, uses steam and all the modern appliances of a first-class bakery. He was married in 1845, to Miss Mary Luscher, also a native of Switzerland, by whom he has a family of three children, as follows : Mary, now the wife of Fredrick Bauer ; Margaret, the wife of Martin Behner, and Jacob, who married Lizzie Franckle, and in 1878 engaged in merchandising in the grocery line at La Crosse, Wisconsin.

J. Winkles, upholsterer and dealer in furniture. No. 42 East Second street. This business was established by the present proprietor in 1857, on Second street, two doors west of Lafayette, and after some changes in location, during which business was done either on Main or Second street, a move was made to the present number in 1876, when a partnership was formed with A. Thrune, which was dissolved in June, 1882, Mr. Winkles continuing the business a!one. His storeroom is 20 feet front, 80 feet deep, and his business occupies two stories above the basement, the latter used for storage and finishing room. Previous to 1856 did a considerable undertaking business, but at that date it was discontinued. Mr. Winkles is a native of Westphalia, Prussia, learned his trade in Munster, in his native province, and came to America in 1852. Was engaged in business in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and in Dubuque, Iowa, previous to coming to this city a full quarter of a century ago. He is a member of St. Joseph's Catholic church of this city, and of the St. Joseph's Benevolent society. His first wife, to whom he was married in 1853, in Dubuque, Iowa, was Anna Klunke, also a native of Prussia ; she died in 1873. Mr. Winkle's second marriage was in 1874, to Miss Anna Thrune. She is the mother of five of his eleven children, eighth of whom are sons and three are daughters, all of whom are receiving a liberal education.

Otis C. Tucker, capitalist, Winona. Prominent among Winona's many eminently successful business men, and indeed the peer of not a few, is the subject of this brief sketch, a man whose career has been marked by no sudden or unexpected rise, fame or fortune, but who has made his way slowly but surely from incipiency to manhoodX ripest years. And as virtue and conscientious industry has its sure reward, Mr. Tucker is leisurely spending his declining years in the enjoyment of a substantial fortune. The history of such men should stand as landmarks to the thousands of young men just entering upon the great arena of human life. Mr. Tucker is the fifth child and third son of Silas H. and Betsey (Crandell) Tucker, and was born March 12, 1822, in Hoosic, Rensselaer county, New- York, but was reared in Broome county, in the same state. His father was quite an extensive farmer, and at the same time largely engaged in the lumber business, and hence afforded for his sons a hardy and healthy occupation, as well as a practical knowledge of the affairs of after-life. Our subject's early educational advantages were only as were afforded in the common schools of his boyhood days, to which was added two years' study under Prof. Wheeler, who was then teaching advanced branches at Union, New York, Soon after attaining his twenty-first year, Mr. Tucker engaged for himself in the lumber business, in Broome county, New York, and which he afterward extended into Pennsylvania. After a few years of hard work and faithful industry he had laid the foundation for a future competency, and in 1858 came to Minnesota, where he invested in real estate, but soon after returned to his old home. July 2, 1860, he was united in marriage vnth Miss Lucinda C. Rounds, a daughter of Benjamin Rounds, Esq., of Broome county, New York. In the fall of 1860 he again came west, with a view to better investments and a permanent settlement. For a short time he remained in Iowa, looking after a suitable location. While thus engaged an opening oftered itself which led him to Winona, where he at once engaged in the lumber trade, to which he also added the purchase and sale of grain for a short time. In 1874 he abandoned the lumber business, as his large real estate interests and cash capital had accumulated to an extent sufficient to occupy as much of his time as he wished to devote to business. On the organization of the Second National Bank of Winona he became a stockholder, and is now a director of the same. Mr. and Mrs. Tucker are the happy parents of but one child, a beautiful and accomplished daughter, Ella, born in 1861. After graduating from the state normal school at Winona she took a two years' course at the University at Evanston, Illinois, and was, for a short time, a student at the Cooper Institute, of New York. She has won for herself some considerable distinction as an artist, having produced some very fine painting, both in oil and watercolors. ^ son of Jacob and Mary (Ballard) Tourtellotte, of Windham, Connecticut. His first paternal ancestor in this country settled in either Connecticut or Massachusetts. He had fled from France for religious liberty during the period of the persecution of the Huguenots. Dr. Tourtellotte first graduated from the normal school of Bridgewater, Massachusetts. Then began the reading of medicine, under Dr. John McGregoi", of Thompson, Connecticut, and finally graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, of New York. In 1863 he entered the medical service ol the naval department, where he served as surgeon till 1868. Coming to Winona in 1869, he engaged in the business of loaning money. June 26, 1865, he was united in marriage with Miss Harriett A. Arnold, a daughter of William S. Arnold, of Windham county, Connecticut. They are tlie parents of but one child, a daughter, Frank, born July 28, 1874. Afit'able and courteous in manner, with strict business principles, are the characteristics of Dr. Tourtellotte.

Edwin V. Bogart, sheriff of Winona county - ofiice in county jail - had been deputy-sheriff of the county for more than ten years when he was elected to office in the fall of 1881, his term of service expiring December 31, 1883. There are three deputies connected with the office : Valentine Hengel, and John Bolton, - the lastnamed a resident of St. Charles. Mr. Bogart is a native of New York State; came to Wisconsin with his parents, Christopher and Rhoda E. (Smith) Bogart, at six years of age. Came to Winona in 1861, bought out the marble firm of Warren Powers, and conducted that business until January 1, 1882, when he sold out to assume charge of the office to which he had been elected. In 1867 he married Miss Euphema Lowe, a native of Pennsylvania, who came to Winona with her parent, John Lowe. They have children - Benjamin F., Hiram Y. and Earle Y. The two former are attendants of the city schools.

John L. Brink, Winona, dealer in dry goods, carpets and notions, corner of Main and Third streets. This house was established in 1858, and has been successfully conducted for twenty-five 3^^ars. Business was first opened in the fall of 1858, on Second street, between Lafayette and Center, where a thriving trade was carried on till the disastrous fire of 1862 swept this house, with the best business portion of the city, out of existence. Business was immediately resumed in the block just east of the original, and there continued till 1870, when he removed to the Simpson block, where, in 1877, his entire establishment was agahi destroyed by tire. Soon after this last fire lie opened business in the Elv block, where he conducted trade until duly, 1>^82, at which time he took possession of his [)resent ([uarters. Trade, which was at one time considerably in the jobbing lino, changing with the growth and demands of the city and outside country, is now almost exclusively retail, a few of his old jobbing customers still securing their supplies from the house. Sales are about $60,000 annually, and a force of seven persons is required in the conduct of the business. Mr. Brink is a native ot Steuben county, New York, and was born in 1826; learned the blacksmith trade, and conducted that industry for some years in his native county, but had turned his attention to mercantile pursuits, following the business a few years before coming to Winona, in 1857. In 1848 he was united in marriage with Miss Abigal D. Palmer, a native of Binghamton, New York, by whom he has reared a family of five sons, as follows: James T., Charles T., John L., George H. and William E., three of whom are married and living outside of the state, while two yet remain with the parents. All are educated gentlemen. Mr. Briukis a staunch member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and for the last twenty years has been a member of the official board, and for twenty-live years a teacher and faithful worker in the Sabbatli school. He is also a member of the mascmic fraternity, and prominently connected with the business prosperity of the city. Was a member of the council, represeuting the second ward, at the time the erection of the present waterworks building was decided upon, and rendered efficient service in securing this valuable improvement to the city. Mr. Brink is one of those men wlio are indispensable to the best interests of a city.

AzARiAH Thomas, Winona, is a son of Gilbert and Mary A. (Miller) Thomas, and was born April 8, 1837, in the State of New York, but principally reared in Pennsylvania. In 1857 he came to Winona, and for the next twelve years was employed by Mr. Malory and his son. March 2, 1861, was married to Miss Anna M. Campbell, a native of County Donegal, Ireland, who emigratejl to this country when but a child. Mr. Thomas spent a short time in the volunteer service during the late war, as a member of Co. H, 1st Minn. Vol. Inf. In 1880 he united with the Methodist Episcopal church, though his wife is a member of St. Thomas Catholic church. They have three children living, whose names are Frank H., Mary

A. and Edward. In 1881 Mr. Thomas purchased tlie business of his former employer, and is now engaged in the pump and well business, making drive-wells a specialty.

George Lane Hollowell, who established himself in the grocery trade in this city in 1871, is now located at 10 West Third street. In January, 1882, the tirm became Hollowell & Co. by the admission of Cornelius Fookens to a partnership in its affairs. They occupy the first floor and basement, 20 X 60, and are conducting' a prosperous trade. Mr. Hollowell was born in Yates county, New York, December 24, 1824. His parents, Joseph and Elenor (Smith) Hollowell, were natives of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Plymouth, Massachusetts, respectively, and were substantial Methodists of the old school. Our subject was first married in the State of New York in 1857, to Mary L. Clark, of the same state, and came to Winona in 1859, and for the following ten or twelve years was employed as bookkeeper of J. L. Brink, of this city. His first wife died and his second marriage took place in Indiana, to Miss Emilj H. Snyder, in 1864. They are the parents of two children, Mary L. and John D. Mr. Hollowell and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, he is a member of the official board and a faithful worker in the Sabbath scliool.

William Wright Slocumb, son of Samuel and Polly (Beck) Slocumb, was born in White county, Illinois, October 30, 1822. His father was a Methodist missionary and a colleague of the venerable and historic pioneer preacher Peter Cartwright. W. W. Slocumb, more familiarly known as Capt. Slocumb, is a pioneer son of the great Mississippi valley, and began life on the river in 1843, and tlie same season navigated the Father of Waters as far north as Lake Pepin, and was one of tlie parties to move the first drive of logs from the waters of these upper lakes. It was at this time that the captain first met Father Hobert, then a Methodist missionary among the Indians, and relates an incident which occurred at Red Wing, where the raftsmen attempted one evening to tie up for the night. At this time a large number of Indians were camped near the place, and at once scores of them swarmed on and about the raft, and soon became so demonstrative that the chiefs, fearing a massacre, importuned the whites to move on, and to hasten their departure a chief cut the fastenings with a hatchet. The same night a battle took place between a band of the Sioux and Chippewas, in which many scalps were taken, and a few of them seen by the raftsmen the next day, Capt. Slocumb says that onl}'' an occasional adventurer, some explorer or half-breed Indian trader was to be seen along the Upper Mississippi that year. September 22, 1847, Mr. Slocumb was married to Miss Margaret Stagi;;, a native of Ohio, by whom he reared a family of the children whose names, in the order of their birth, are Henry F., William F., Margaret Emma, the two former merchandising in the grocery line in this city, and the latter a teacher of music. In 1873 Capt. Slocumb removed from Reed Landing, where he had resided many years, to the city of Winona, with a view to securing better educational advantages for his children. He and his wife aijd daughter are members of the Methodist Episcopal church of this city, and he is a member of the official board. He is also a member of the masonic fraternity. The captain has been for many years in the employ of the immense lumber firm of Laird, Norton & Co., of this city, as commander of their beautiful little steamer engaged in rafting logs from their Wisconsin pineries.

Thomas Wright, loan, real estate and insurance agent, Winona, is a native of Cayuga county. New York, and was born May 23, 1818. His parents were Anson and Lydia (Soule) Wright, the latter a member of one of tlie most remarkable families in the State of New York for longevity. In 1841: Mr. Wright emigrated west and established himself in Kenosha, Wisconsin, where he continued to reside till he came to Winona, in 1856. During the last few years of his residence in Kenosha he filled the position of assistant cashier in a bank in which he had a considerable financial interest. On coming to this city he at once turned his attention to the loan and real estate business, and soon became the owner of 2,000 acres of land in this county. Mr. Wright is a man of a speculative turn of mind, and is ever ready to take hold of any enterprise that money can be made in. In 1857 he was married to Miss Mary Harlow, a native of Sackett's Harbor, New York. They are the parents of three children, namely. Will T., who is now a resident of Dakota, and Grace H. and Charles S. still residing at home.

Ai,FRED Welch is a native of England. He was born in Glastonbury, Somerset county, November 12, 1822. When about eight years of age, the family consisting of the father, mother and nine children, of which Alfred was the fifth, removed to America, landing at Quebec after a tedious passage of nine weeks and one day. The family settled on a farm near Hammond, St. Lawrence county, New York. Two years later, in 1832, the family moved to

Watertown, where they lived until 1858. Our subject in the meantime had married Miss S. Fidelia White, and now, at the date last named, ill health caused a removal to Minnesota, and April 14 found them in Winona. The family then consisted of the parents and three children, Mary, Abraham and Lily. Four others had been left behind in Watertown cemetery. Other children were born to them after their residence in Winona, Gracie only of these surviving. Abraham Welch, the father of our subject, died in Winona, the mother, Mary Welch, having passed away in Watertown, New York. They were both from early life consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal church, he being a local preacher of that denomination until the close of his life. Alfred Welch prepared himself for the ministry, and engaged actively in the profession at different times, but loss of voice has prevented him from continuing in that calling. In his later years he has been engaged in the practice of dentistry.

Peter H. Neiheisel, mechanic, born in Bavaria, Germany, 1846, son of Belderser and Barbara Neiheisel, came with parents to America, town of Hudson, Walworth county, Wisconsin, in 1848. He there attended the public school and worked on his father's farm till the breaking out of the war in 1861, when he enlisted in the Ist Wis. Inf , Co. C. Was discharged the following year, owing to ill health, at Murfreesboro, Tennessee, re-enlisting in the fall of 1863, in 2d Minn. Cav., Co. L, and was mustered out in 1866. The same year (1866) Mr. Neiheisel settled on a farm of 160 acres in Sec. 1, Town of Elba. In 1868 he sold his farm and moved to St. Charles and worked at general carpentering. Married in 1872 Miss Susan Lehnerts, born in Luxemburg, Germany, daughter of Peter and Mary Lehnerts. By this marriage has five children : Lucy, born October 17, 1873 ; Willie, February 6, 1875 ; Frank, August 6, 1876 ; Joseph, November 15, 1877, and George Henry, July 1, 1879. In 1873 our subject moved to the village of Beaver, town of Whitewater, and built on block 14, which he had purchased from Fred Brooks, a hotel and restaurant. In 1874, in company with his brother, J. W. Neiheisel, built a wagon and general repair shop, and in 1876 built a commodious frame building, 30X50, for a public hall, and the same year a large blacksmith-shop. In 1880 bought from his brother his interest in the above property, and has since carried on business alone. In 1882 the hotel, having accidentally caught fire, was burned to the ground, and during the same vear Mr. Neiheisel built one of the finest frame houses in the village of Beaver, which he now occupies. Our subject has shown considerable enterprise in his efforts to build up a business in the village of Beaver. In religion is a liberal Roman Catholic, and in politics always votes the democratic ticket.

Frkdekeck E. Bfxker, miller, born in Saxony, Germany, .in 1836, where he learned from his father, John Becker, his trade of miller. In 1859 came to America and went directly to La Crosse, Wisconsin. In 1860 visited Missouri and Louisiana, but the war breaking out (1861) he returned to La Crosse, Wisconsin. In 1863 was engaged as manager of Smith & Lamberton's mill, in Winona, and in the following year rented, and subsequently purchased, a gristmill at Rolling Stone. In 1873 bought half interest in the mill situated on Beaver creek, from Dr. Sheldon Brooks, and the year following purchased the other half from W. M. Taylor. This is the only gristmill in the town of Whitewater. In 1882 our subject introduced into his mill the most improved machinery for the manufacturing of flour, and can now make as good flour as is made in the county. Married in 1871 Miss Anna Lehnerts, born in 1846, in Luxemburg, daughter of Peter and Mary Lehnerts. By this marriage has had five children: Lizzie, born 1872; Peter, born 1873, died 1880; Susie, born 1876; Ernest, born 1S79, and Felix Morris, born 1881. In politics our subject belongs to no party, always voting for the best man. In religion is a liberal Roman Catholic.

William H. Fry, head clerk in United States railway postal service, was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, January 7, 1834. He came to Saratoga, Winona county, in 1857, and followed his occupation as a carpenter there until his enlistment in the 4th reg. Minn. Inf., in January, 1864. Was with the department of the Southwest, and was present at the battle of Altoona, the great march through Georgia, the battle of Savannah, and all the skirmishes and engagements })articipated in by his regiment after he joined them in the field. Returning home in 1869, he was appointed route agent in the railway mail service, on the Winona & St. Peter raili-oad, between Winona and Waseca. In 1862 was promoted head clerk and assigned to duty in the United States railway ])Ostal service between Chicago and St. Paul. The routes were all rearranged in 1882, and Mr. Fry was transferred to the service over the Chicago & Northwestern road, between tliis city and Chicago. Febru-

Hon. C. F. Buck, farmer, has been a resident of Winona county since 1863, at which date he settled in Homer, and remained there until the fall of 1855, when he was elected a member of the territorial legislature and removed to his present home, just across Lake Winona, at the foot of the bluifs which overlook the city on the south. Here Mr. Buck has resided for almost twenty-seven years, and when not engaged in politics devotes himself mainly to horticulture. He has been continuously in political life since coming to the county ; has been three terms in the house of representatives, and three terms in the senate of the state, and is at present one of the representatives of Winona county in the state legislature. He was also postmaster four years, during the second term for which Mr. Lincoln was elected president. In 1852, the year before he removed to Winona county, Mr. Buck married Miss N. C. Robinson, of Batavia, Illinois. They have had six children, all of them educated at the city and normal schools of Winona. Two of the children graduated from both the high school and the normal' school, one from the normal school, and one, LI. L. Buck, graduate of the Winona high school, takes his parchment this year from the law department of the University of Wisconsin, at Madison. The daughters have considerable musical talent, and one of them has quite a local celebrity, and is regarded as a young musician of more than average promise.

E.HEINBERGER BROTHERS, dealers in dry goods, corner of Third and Center streets. These gentlemen established themselves in trade in this city in April, 1877, their location at that time being on Center, four doors north of Third. They removed to the corner they now occupy in 1880, and it is the most eligible dry-goods stand in the city. They front twenty-three feet on Third street; their Center street front is eighty-five feet. They have good entrances on both, and front the Postofiice block on the east and the Republican block on the south. The firm employs seven clerks. One of the partners superintends the salesroom and purchases the goods, the other has charge of the finances. Business has steadily increased from year to year, and they are acknowledged as the leading house in the city in their line of goods - fine stock for the best city trade. Sales of 1882-3 show an increase of twelve and one-half per cent over corresponding period of 1881-2. Rheinberger Brothers were bred to business in Nauvoo, Illinois, and in Chicago, coming from the latter city to Winona, when they established trade here. Their names are A. J. and F. J. Reinberger. They are both married and reside in the city, the former corner of Wabasha and Lafayette streets, the other near the corner of Main and Wabasha.

S. Fleishma_n, successor to S. Friend & Co. , jobber and dealer at retail in clothing, gents' furnishing goods, hats, caps, etc., 34 and 36 East Second street. This house was established twenty-four years ago, in a small wooden building on the corner of Second and Center streets, where the Second National Bank now stands, and has never removed its location at any time more than a few doors from the corner u])on which it was originally established. It was in the burned district of the great fire of 1862, and was doing business on the corner of Center and Second in January, 1877, when its growing trade and the burning of Simpson's block impelled it to seek larger quarters. S. Fleishman, who became sole proprietor of the business by purchase in February, 1883, entered the service of the house in 1865, became a partner in 1871, and has been manager of its affairs since the removal of S. Friend to Milwaukee, in 1876. Mr. Fleishman's location is central, his salesrooms commodious, fronting forty feet on Second street and running to the rear. Two floors are occupied with his stock, five salesmen are employed and business is steadily increasing from year to year. Mr. S. Fleishman, son of W. K. Fleishman and Esther, his wife, was born in Bavaria, Germany, January 7, 1849. He came from the continent direct to Winona in 1865, the same year that he entered the house of which he is now sole proprietor. January 11, 1882, Mr. Fleishman married Miss Fannie Cohen, a native of New York. They have one child, Minnie E.

John Crooks, farmer, was born in Tyrone, Ireland, in 1832. He was bred in the ordinary life of an Irish farmer's son, attending the parish school about three years. At sixteen years of age he left liome and came to America, spending three years at Frostburg, Maryland, thence he went to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where he spent nearly twenty years in the coal mines. On July 9, 1855, he married Jane Gallaghan, who was born in Tyrone, June 16, 1829 ; she died on May 16, 1869, leaving one son, Robert J., who was bom August 26, 1860, and now resides at Eldredge, Dakota. In 1872 Mr. Crooks abandoned mining and came west ; he bought 240 acres of land on Sec. 15, in this township, and has ever since tilled and dwelt on the same. At the time of this purchase there were but sixty acres of the land broken, but he now tills over 200 acres, and has a handsomely improved farm, with commodious buildings and all the surroundings of a prosperous husbandman. Mr. Crooks was married March 7, 1871, to Isabella, relict of James Dalzell, born in Milligan, Ayrshire, Scotland, August 26, 1834 ; she has two children : John Dalzell, born January 14, 1863, and William Crooks, December 21, 1873. Mr. and Mrs. Crooks were reared in the Presbyterian church, to which they adhered while in reach. Mr. Crooks is a republican, was town supervisor in 1880-1, and is a representative citizen.

Eben Churchill, farmer, is descended from a long line of prominent men in England and New England. His father, Eben E. Churchill, was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire ; he married a native of the same city. Miss Ann E. Gove, and settled on a farm in Newmarket, same state. Here was born the subject of this sketch on March 2, 1834 ; he lived the ordinary life of the New England farmer's boy, receiving his education in the common school and at Wakefield Academy. Early in the spring of 1856 he struck out for the new west, and arrived in Plainview, Wabasha county, this state, on May 6. Here he took up 1 60 acres of government land, which he at once proceeded to improve. In 1860 he married Miss Emeline K. Bowen ; her parents, William Bowen and Roxana P. Nye, were natives of Vermont. In the fall of 1863 Mr. Churchill sold his farm and spent the following winter in the east. The next spring he returned to Minnesota and settled in St. Charles. He enlisted March 17, 1865, as a recruit in the Ist Minn, reg., and was assigned to Co. E ; the immediate close of the war cut the term of his service down to f(^ur months. After leaving the army he resided one year on a farm in the town of Whitewater. In 1867 he bought 320 acres of land on Sees. 2 and 3, in the town of Elb^ ; in 1870 he built his present residence on Sec. 2, and has ever since dwelt there. He now has 360 acres of land here, and one section near the Steele, Kidder county, Dakota. Mr. Churchill is a republican, and an active man in both private and public affairs. He was chairman of the board of* town supervisors in 1869, 1877 and 1879, and also a member of the same body in 1874 and 1876 ; was assessor in 1880-82-3. In the fall of 1880 he was elected a member of the state assembly, and took his seat in the following January ; he was a member of the joint committee on legislative apportionment and of tiie committee on claims, taxes and tax laws. By his influence and vote he opposed the payment of the famous $5,000,000 bond-loan in aid of railroads, because it was not demanded in full, and was therefore a confessedly unjust debt ; he also opposed granting swamp lands to railroad corporations. Five children were given to Mr. and Mrs. Churchill, as follows : Edwin, October 28, 1860, lives in Viola, Olmsted county ; Rowena A., March 28, 1862, married Cyrus C. Udell, and lives at Elba ; Dora E., January 21, 1865, is teaching at home ; Frank, August 11, 1867 ; Joseph P., September 17, 1874.

William Niknow, farmer, was born near Stettin, Germany, March 3, 1832. He attended school till fourteen years old, and then worked as a laborer on farms and in the city. In 1856 he came to America and spent four years in and about Milwaukee, Wisconsin. ,He came to Minnesota in 1861, and bought eighty acres of land on Sec. 28, in Elba, on which his home has ever since been. This he cleared entirely of the undergrowtli which covered it, by his own labor, and afterward bought eighty acres adjoining it on the west. This has also been nearly all cleared, and he now has a model farm in appearance and productiveness. His buildings are ample and handsome, and he 'has all that a farmer can wish tor. February 13, 1862, he married Augusta Schwanbeck, who was born in ]*)raridenberg, Prussia, November 13, 1840. Mr. Nienow has been ti-easurer of his school district for nine years ; was a member of the town board in 1869-70-1 and in 1880-1 ; is a democrat in principle. He was reared a Lutheran ; was instrumental in building the Berea Moravian church, near his residence, paying the cost of an acre of ground for its site ; has been a member of that body since 1870, and was an elder for several years.

Ferdinand Loppnow, carpenter and farmer, has made himself a comfortable home, and is reckoned among the prosperous representative farmers of Elba. He was born at Pomen, Prussia, October 7, 1825. He left school at fourteen, and was apprenticed to a carpenter, continuing at his trade contiiniously till two years after his arrival in Elba. March 22, 1852, he inari'ied Carolina Kroening, who was born in Pribbernow, Prussia, May 24, 1828. He emigrated with his family to America in 1870, and settled at once in this township. In 1872 he purchased 120 acres of wild land on Sec. 23, and at once took up his residence thereon and began to clear it of timber and undergrowth. Subsequent purchases have added 120 acres to his domain, and he now has 160 acres under the plow. In 1876 he built his present large and handsome dwelling, and is well situated in every way for a farmer. Mr. Loppnow is a democrat ; is a member of Berea Moravian church, in which he is an elder, and whose edifice he assisted in building as a trustee. There are five children in the family, born as below: Gustav, January 2, 1855, married Minnie Nienow, and lives on Sec. 33 ; Otto, April 9, 1857, and Julius, July 15, 1859, are now in Dakota; Theodore, April 20, 1862, lives with his father ; William, December 23, 1866.

Michael F. Donoghue, farmer, was born on a farm near Killarney, County Kerry, Ireland, September 19, 1819. He was educated in both English and Celtic. He was married February 3, 1845, to Margaret Collins, who was born half a mile from the birthplace of her husband. She died in Chicago, June 19, 1855, leaving one child, which soon after died. Mr. Donoghue came to America in 1851, arriving in New York April 28. He spent two years in Connecticut, being employed at farm labor and in a foundry. He removed to Illinois in March, 1853, and found employment in a lumber-yard in Chicago, and continued to sort and pile lumber till his removal to Minnesota. January 27, 1856, he married Johannah Costollo, who was also born in Kerry. Mr. Donoghue came to Elba April 27, 1864, and bought eighty acres of land on Sec. 35, which he has ever since tilled. He has reduced it from a state of nature to its present improved form. The present residence was built in 1874. He has been industrious, and abstained from incurring debts for the sake of acquiring more land, and is now independent. He has always been a democrat. Himself and family are communicants in the St. Charles Roman Catholic church. There are six children, all residing in this township, as follows: Michael, born September 22, 1858 ; Cornelius, September 23, 1860 ; Patrick, April 23, 1863; Catharine, September 15, 1866, married Thomas Lynch; Daniel, October 20, 1867; John, June 28, 1870.