Mound Prairie Township (part 1 of 3)

Mound Prairie Chapter Lxi

The township bearing this name is the second from the Mississippi River on the northern line of Houston county. It has Winona county on the north, La Crescent on the east, Union on the south, and Houston on the west. The name of the town was suggested by Dr. Chase, an old resident, in remembrance of a remarkable rounded bluff in section four, surrounded by a wide valley on all sides. This was originally a part of Union and La Crescent.

The town is eight and one-half miles from north to south, and five miles wide, and includes a part of two government townships. The Root River bisects the town a little south of the center, in an irregular course from the west, with a tendency toward the south. Several branches join it in this town, both from the north and from the south. Crystal Creek cuts across the southwestern corner, and Pine Creek, from Winona county, runs through section four.

The general topography is in harmony with the other towns in the county, and along Root River there are valleys, bluffs, and ridges, the latter in quite an extensive plateau north of the center.

The railroad runs in the valley of the Root River, and there is a station and a Post-office on section twenty-eight, which, in the case of this town, is near the geographical center. There is little unproductive land, except the sharp sides of the bluffs, and if land was scarce even these could be utilized.

Early Settlement

and the date of the first settlement of Mound Prairie. There was a heavy growth of black walnut timber along the Root River, which could be cut and rafted down to the Mississippi, and several parties availed themselves of this opening. They built temporary cabins, and cutting out the best timber, laid claim to everything in sight on account of these "improvements," as this vandalism was called, and then selling their questionable rights to men seeking homes. This part of the county was thus captured by the supplementary land office operators, early in the fifties.

The first man to make a claim withiu the present limits of the township, as far as can be learned, was John Crypts, a German by birth. His first business was getting out black walnut logs, and he is said to have employed the Indians to assist in this work. It is claimed that his family was with him, and that a daughter was born soon after his coming; if so that would be the first birth in the town. But, James Carrigan, it is claimed, is entitled to that distinction. It is certain that Mr. Crypts had a daughter, wherever she was born, and that she grew to womanhood and was married, and lived near Brownsville. Mr. Crypts' claim, or one of them, was south of the river on section thirty -four, where Mr. W. Connington now resides. He did considerable land speculation for those early days.

Thomas Van Sickle, originally from Pennsylvania, came, it is quite likely , in 1852, and engaged in running off black walnut timber and in the claim business. He located himself on section four, a mile or south of the river. After selling his right, title, and interest in this place he went across the river to section twenty-one, but was not long in disposing of this claim to James C. Day, when he removed to Iowa and afterwards to Brownsville in this county, where he died a few years ago.

James 0. Day was also from the Key Stone State, and cultivated the farm for a few years, then sold to the present occupant, Mr. P. Eberhard, and removed to La Crescent, where he run a ferry boat. Jacob Bush came here from Hokah in 1853 or '54, and secured a claim in what is called Bush Valley, on section twenty- six. In 1855, he began the erection of a saw-mill and a dam, and had them nearly completed when the dam was washed away by one of those remorseless floods that have so little regard for human hopes. He abandoned the enterprise, and soon afterwards went to California, leaving his family, but returned in a few years and took them to Oregon, after selling his property.

Henry P. Eberhard came from Prussia to Washington county, Wisconsin, in 1843, and in the spring of 1854, came to this township and secured eighty acres on section twenty-one. He has one son, J. A., who resides at the station and keeps tha only store in town, and is also station and express agent. Another son, Philip, is on section twenty-one, on the Van Sickle claim.

Abraham Millhauser located on sections twentyone, twenty-two, and twenty-seven and the next year built a dam, but subsequently moved to La Crosse and there built a steam saw-mill, which is now owned by Mr. Paul.* After a year or so he returned and joined the great majority in 1858.

His son, A. A. Millhauser, was born in Pennsylvania in February, 1851. He was married to Elizabeth Krohler in 1878, and soon after bought the farm where he now lives, on section eight. He is now Chairman of the town board. Philip G. Vix, a native of France, came to Wisconsin in 1845, and over here in 1854, locating where he may be still found, on section twenty-nine. He had a family of two sons and one daughter,the oldest son and daughter still living in town.

Edward S. Lore arrived in the spring of 1855. His father, Seth, afterwards came. Their place was on the north ridge. Edward S. removed to Jackson county, taking a claim on the Des Moines River, and at the time of the Sioux Massacre in 1862, he was the only man who effected an escape from the doomed settlement. He gave the alarm and finally made his way back to Mound Prairie. He died while on a visit to friends in the east in

1877. The old gentleman, Seth Lore, was a native of New Jersey, and at one time lost heavily by the wreck of a merchant vessel in which his means were invested. He was one of the founders of Ironton, Alabama, on the Chattahoochee River, where he did a large business in connection with John Forsyth, formerly Spanish Minister, and Hon. Alfred Iverson, a senator from Georgia. His daughter, Mrs. C. B. Carpenter, came soon after her father. She was the first Clerk of the district and the first woman in the State to hold that position. James Stowe came about the same time and took a claim on section eight He was from Augusta, Maine, and died about 1864.

In 1855, the proclivity to lay out cities and villages struck this locality, and Dr. Sheldon, having become impressed with the necessity, had a village surveyed and platted, ard bestowed upon it the castihan name of "San Jacinto/ It was on Wm. Hunter's land, but its remains would be quite as difficult to find as some of the ancient historical cities of Asia.

The earliest birth must have been a son to Van Sickle, in the spring of 1853. As already mentioned, it is possible that Mr. Crypt's daughter antedates this.

Political Organization

The town was originally taken from Union and La Crescent. The first town meeting of which there is a record, was at the house of Jesse Hewitt in April, 1860. There were sixty-two votes cast. Isaac Holmes was Moderator, and the following officers were chosen: Supervisors, George Cannon, Chairman, Jacob Bush, and George Larson; Assessor, Jacob Krohler; Town Clerk, Wm. Connington; Treasurer, Seth Lore, and Superintendent of Schools, Andrew Orr.

The affairs of the town have been faithfully cared for; it being a fanning community with few expenditures, except for highways and schools, the burden of taxation for local purposes has never been excessive.

Post-Offices

A Post-office was secured about the year 1855, and it was named San Jacinto, in honor of the decisive battle in the struggle for Texan independence, and of which Gen. Sam Houston was the hero. It was at first where Wm. Orr now lives. Mr. Cannon was the first Postmaster, and Dr. Sheldon was afterwards in office.

Lobbtte Post- Office. - In 1856, a Post-office was located at the Lorette House and Mr. E. S. Lore held the postal keys. Mrs. Anna M. Price, a sister of the Postmaster was appointed deputy the following spring, and had charge until it was discontinued, except a single year, when David Davis was Postmaster. In 1869 both these offices were discontinued and the Mound Prairie office established, with Mr. J. A. Eberhard in charge.

Mound Prairie cannot be said to be a manufacturing town, although several more or less successful attempts have been made in this direction, and an account of what has been done will be here presented.

In 1853 or '54, Jacob Bush built a dam across the creek in section twenty-six, and nearly completed a saw-mill 24x40 feet, of very heavy timber, 18 inches square. A wheel was ready to be placed in position, when a sudden freshet proved too much for the dam to resist and it left its proprietor, to accompany the mad current on its way to Gulf. A little more strength in the dam, and a little less in the mill, might have prevented this catastrophe. Mr. Bush complained that he had been deceived by others who were connected with the enterprise, and he made no effort to repair the mischief. The mill stood for years as a monument of the dismal failure, and the timbers still lie scattered about the place.

A second attempt was made, in 1856, to build a mill to saw lumber and grind grain. Mr. Abraham Millhauser was the moving spirit in the enterprise. A dam was thrown across the Dayville, or Hanson Creek, in section twenty-two, but the first rise in the stream took it along in quest of its companion somewhere below, and so this attempt to utilize the water power of the town likewise proved a contretemps.

The attempts to use water as a motive power having thus far failed, Mr. James McLaughlin has invoked a power that requires no figuring to determine its rate, which is four horse power, as the animals themselves do the work, with a machine not unlike that employed in running a threshing machine. He has a feed mill of his own invention, so constructed that corn in the ear is ground with one operation, without preparatory crushing. The stones have a diameter of three feet four inches, are of sandstone taken from the bluff near by, and have a capacity for grinding 150 bushels of corn a day, and a larger amount of small grain.

Mercantile

At quite an early day a store was opened by Charles Chase on the Sheldon farm, and the firm afterwards became Chase & Andrew Orr. While the railroad was building, Mr. D. J. Cameron had a small stock of goods near the station. In 1868, J. A. Eberhard opened a store at the station in a small building, and the next year put up his present store. He keeps a general line of merchandise suitable for country trade.

The Lorette House

No history of this region would be complete or satisfactory without a sketch of this noted tavern. / It was on the old territorial road from La Crosse to St. Paul, and was the first principal stopping place after leaving La Crosse. It was constructed by Seth Lore and kept by him until 1861, and since then Mrs. C. B. Carpenter, his daughter, has been the hostess. It was a log house, 18x20 feet, with three rooms on the grouud floor and a chamber above, and an extension back of the building as a cook room. Id early times this was a stoping place for three lines of stages, and not unfreqiiently seventy persons would be accommodated with dinners. On the old register may be found the names of General Sibley, Governor Ramsey, Judge Goodrich, Major McCullom, Captain Rollins, Colonel Allyn, Lords Cavendish and Groesnor, Sir William Ashley, with numerous Big Indians, including "Hole-in-the-Day," "Bastie," and others.

The house was noted for its immense fire place, which took up one-half of a side of the building. In 1859, a frame addition was built, 20x30 feet, and two stories in height. When the railroads began operations this old hostelry, around which clustered so many associations, was left stranded on the shores of a new era, as a solitary land mark of an age gone to return never more, and reminding ns that : "Tempora mutantur, et rws mutamur in Mis."

Mound Prairie Ev angelical Lutheran Society. - This was organized by Rev. John Smith. The edifice was erected in 1874, and is 28x40 feet with a spire, and cost $1,600. Previous to this time services had been held at private residences and schoolhouses. One of the earliest ministers was Rev. Mr. Ges. Others remembered are, Pauling, Stagner, Charles Brill, H. Bunce, Empte, Kabel, Kuter, and Mr. Kienholz, who was here when the church was built. The present pastor is George Jahn, a native of France, who came to this country when young. He was here the year after the church was built, and after laboring in other fields came back in 1879. There is a Sunday school connected with this church, with seventy children who attend. Mr. Burow is the Superintendent.

German Reform Church. - Zion Society was organized on the 15th of July, 1877, there having been preaching here a year or more before this time. Julius Granel was the pastor and there were eight members, but there are only six now. Peter Mades was the first elder, and the trustees were Oswald Lofi and Peter Mades. A church was built in 1877, 24x32 feet, at a cost of $950. Wm. Mades was the treasurer. The first minister who had a regular appointment after the church was constructed, was Rev. Mr. Graveland who remained three years. Rev B. R. Hinker was occasionally here. In the season of 1882, Rev. A. Kanne and Rev. Mr. Routgren preached on alternate Sundays. The present treasurer is George Senn. There is a Sunday school connected with the ohurch.

There are quite a number of burial places in town, and they will be described in the briefest way, as on account of the healthfulnes3 of the region, no specialty is made in this direction.

Lorette Cemetery.- -This contains about three- fourths of an acre of land, which was deeded to the citizens of the place, where any one, except negroes, could be buried free. Ella Price was the first interment, followed by Mrs. Lorr and Edward LoiT, who were removed here. There are in all about twenty graves.

The burial place of the Reformed Church contains one-half an acre. Jacob Sohield had his remains deposited here, and his is still a solitary grave.

The Vix burial place is on the farm in section twenty-nine. It contains the mortal remains of eight members of this family and their near relatives.

District No. 11. - The first school was in a log structure put together by Van Sickle, on section twenty -one, and was presided over by E. S. Lore, which must have been in 1856. In 1861, a school house was built of logs by subscription, the size being 16x20 feet James Connor was the first teacher in the new building.

District No. 14. - The first term here was by Andrew Orr, in 1858, in a building put up by Mr. Fairbanks. That same fall a frame building was erected opposite Dr. Sheldon's house. In 1872, the house was removed to the south side of the prairie, on section nine, where it now accommodates a larger number of pupils.

District No. 62. - This was organized in 1866, and a log house put up the same year, 20x16 feet, and paid foi by voluntary contributions. It is located on section twenty-six. The introductory teacher was Miss Ella Looney, of Houston, and theoffioers were: Director, George Senn; Treasurer, C. Lehman, and Clerk, John Smith.

District No. 94. - This is the "Lorette district," and was originally No. 75. The first meeting was held at Lorette House for organization, September 7th, 1876; one-half acre of land was donated by Mrs. Anna M. Carpenter, the northeast of the southeast of section eight. It is a neat, white frame house, 18x30 feet, with green blinds, furnished with plain desks; fine teacher's desk and chair; portable blackboard; full set of the largest size Camp's outline maps and Holbrook's 12 inch globe. The cost of house, including furniture, was $578. First enrollment of scholars, 59; the first term was taught by J. W. Gleason; commenced December 18th, 1876. Anna M. Carpenter was clerk; John Frey, director, and Angnst Trenske, treasurer. Miss Mary Keup, of La Crescent, was the first lady teacher. Three weeks from the time the first nail was driven, thirty- eight scholars were seated in this flourishing schoolhouse. The present teacher is L. P. Basse.

District No. 93. - This district has a log house, put up in 1877. The first instructor was Miss Mary Harris. The schools as a rule are not unlike other farming towns in the county.

Biographical

Walter Beardtslt was born in Manitowoc, Wisconsin, on the 7th of March, 1853. When he was three years old his mother died, and two years later, his father went to Nevada. Walter was placed in charge of a family with whom he lived until sixteen years old. In 1859, the family moved to Watertown and thence to Milwaukee where Walter attended school and afterwards learned the trade of brushmaking. In 1870, he went to Chicago, but returned to Milwaukee, where he purchased a line of merchandise for which he found sale on his way to Minnesota, and has been engaged in farming pursuits ever since.

Cyrus B. Carpenter is a native of St. Lawrence county, New York, born on the 21st of February, 1843, but at the age of fourteen years removed to Lewiston, Niagara county. During the rebellion he served in Company L, of the Eighth New York Heavy Artillery, participating in the battles of Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, Beam's Station, Hatch's Bun, Boydton Boads, Petersburg, Lee's Surrender, and many others of less note. He held the position of Sergeant of his company when discharged at the close of the war. In 1865, .Mr. Carpenter came to Houston county and located on the farm formerly owned by John Hyatt. For the last few years he has lived at the Lorette House.

Edmund Evans was born in England in September, 1819. On the 10th of April, 1849, he was married to Miss Ann Ay res. They came to America the same year, and resided in New York until 1852. In the latter year Mr. Evans was placed in charge of the Agricultural department of the Spencer Academy in the Indian Territory. This academy is located in the Choctaw reservation, and is maintained by the Government, the Presbyterian board of missions and the Indians themselves. Mr. and Mrs. Evans remained there until 1860, when failing health compelled them to leave their good work. They came immediately to this place and located a farm in section eleven upon which they still reside. Mr. Evans is a member of the Presbyterian church of La Crescent. His children are, Edwin F., William I., Sarah R, Henry C, Arthur, Mary Jane A., Sheldon J., Walter T., Albert E., Julia A., and Bosa L.

John A. Eberhard, a native of Prussia, was born on the 25th of October, 1838. In 1843, he came with his parents to Washington county, \l isoonsin, and in 1854, to Mound Prairie. He was united in marriage with Miss Ann Jane Corlett in April, 1860. They moved to section twenty-eight where they have since resided. In March, 1865, he enlisted in Company A, of the Fifty-third Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, serving as Corporal till the close of the war. Mr. Eberhard owns the only store in the place, keeping a stock of general merchandise. He is station agent for the Southern Minnesota Railroad Company at this point, also agent for the Express Company, and Postmaster. He held the office of Town Clerk two years, Supervisor three terms, and is at present Treasurer, this being his fifth term. In 1877, he was elected to the State Legislature from this district,. Eight children have been born to him; Charles C, Bosa Bell, John J., Sarah, William W., (deceased,) Julia, Ellen, and Reuben R.

John H. Hargreaves, deceased, was born in Derby county, England, the 28th of December, 1812. When young he learned the stone-cutter's trade. He was joined in matrimony with Miss Mary Sherratt, in Wool-Stanton, in 1838. She was born in Stafford county, in 1818. In 1846, they came to America and located in Cincinnati, Ohio, where Mr.Hargreaves followed his profession. While the court house was building in Cincinnati he worked on that building as foreman, for four years. From Cincinnati they moved to Louisville, Kentucky, in 1853, where he owned a marble and stone works. From there they mo^ed to Minnesota and located at Mound Prairie, Houston county. Mr. Hargreaves died the first of December, 1864, mourned by a large circle of friends.

He had eight children; Mark, residing in Hokah; Maria, who died in England; Abel, who died in Mound Prairie; Abraham died in England; Levi resides at home in charge of the farm;' Jane died in Louisville, Kentucky; and Mary Ann and Clara live at home. Mrs. Harg reaves, with one son and two daughters, resides on the homestead taken by her husband in 1855, in Mound Prairie.

Charles Lehmann, one of the largest stock raisers of this section, and an early settler, is a native of Wurtemburg, Germany, born the 27th of January, 1844. He came to America in 1854; resided one year in New York, thence to Chicago, and in 1857, to Mound Prairie. In 1863, he enlisted in Company F, of the Tenth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, participating in the battles of Nashville, Tupelo, and Mobile, serving till the close of the war. He married Miss Anna Senn in 1867. Their children are, Carl, Anna, Mary, Florence, and Josephine. For the past six years Mr. Lehmann has been a member of the board of Supervisors, besides holding other local offices.

George Larson is a native of Norway, born on the 15th of October, 1832. His parents came to America, locating in Dane county, Wisconsin, when George was quite young. In 1852, he made a trip through this county in company with T. Halverson, and the following spring took the claim on whioh he now lives. In 1854, he erected a log house and his parents joined him, residing with him until the death of his father in 1868. Mr. Larson enlisted in Company F, of the Tenth Minnesota Infantry, in August, 1862. After the Indian massacre he helped bring about four hundred Indian prisoners toMankato; then assisted in removing the Winnebagoes to their reservation on the Missouri river. In July, 1863, he returned to Fort Snelling, and in the fall was sent south, where he participated in the battles of Nashville, Fort Blakeley, and Spanish Fort, receiving an honorable discharge in August, 1865. He was joined in matrimony in July, 1871, with Mrs. Annie Hanson. The fruits of this union are three children ; Inga Julia, Emma Helline, and Tilda Josephine. Mrs. Larson had one daughter, Belle, by her first husband.

James McLaughlin is a son of J. McLaughlin, who was born in Ireland, and came to America in 1847, locating in Steuben county, New York. He had a family of six children, five of whom are living; James, William, John, Mary, and Linsley.

James, the subject of our sketch, was born in Steuben county, on the 4th of October, 1853. He came with his parents to Mound Prairie in 1857, and when about seventeen years old began learning the blacksmith trade. He was engaged in that occupation at Hokah, then in La Crosse a short time, but afterwards opened a shop in the former place. He now lives on a farm, having moved here in 1878, and in the same year was married to Miss Elizabeth Rowe, who has borne him two children, Catharine M., and Vida A.

Olaus Olson was born near the city of Christiania, Norway, on the 28th of July, 1829. When quite young he became proficient as a violinist, to whioh he still devotes some attention. He learned the carpenter's trade in his native country, and in 1854, came to Canada. The following year he removed to New. Hampshire, remained one year and came to Mound Prairie, which has since been his home. Fe is a member, and one of the Trustees of the Lutheran Church of Houston. His children are, Oliver, Gustav, Eliza, Amelia, Anna, Julia, Henry, Otto, Christian, and Dena.

Louis Vix was born in France, in 1841, and came to America with his parents and other relatives when four years old. They located in the then territory of Wisconsin, in Watertown, Dodge county. In the spring of 1854, they moved to Minnesota, settling in Mound Prairie, Houston county. In the spring of 1860, Mr. Viz made a trip to Kansas, pre-empted land near Lawrence, but sold a month later, and went to Kansas City. He then went, in the employ of the government, through the Indian Territory to the Arkansas river; thence to Santa Fe, New Mexico, and back to the Arkansas river up to £1 Paso and Canon City; thence up the Platte river to Fort Kearney and back to Leavenworth, Kansas, St. Louis, Missouri, and finally to Minnesota. In 1863, he made a claim in Blue Earth county, upon which he made some improvements, but on his return, after a visit home, found it jumped. He then came to this place and purchased land in section twenty-nine where he now lives. In 1865, he enlisted in the Ninth Illinois Cavalry, Company L; was in several battles, and mustered out the 31st of October, 1865, at Selma, Alabama. Mr. Vix was united in marriage with Miss Arvilla Edmonds, in 187& Of four children born to them, but one, Lulu, is living. The three eldest died of diphtheria, all within eighteen days. Mr. Vix has held the his education at the State Normal school in Huntington. He taught school in his native State until 1879, then moved to McPherson county, Kansas, and in 1881, came to this place. Mr. Basse is now teaching his third term in this district

It is one of the four interior towns in the county. Union is on the east, Caledonia on the south, and Yucatan on the west. The South Fork of Boot Biver crosses the northwestern part of the township, and Badger Greek runs from near the center of the southern border almost due north to join the Boot Biver, which runs near the northern border, and Beaver Creek runs north in the western part of the town. These rivers have the characteristic valleys, bordered by the bluffs and ridges, and with another valley on the extreme east, makes the town sufficiently uneven to gratify the most variegated taste as to hill and dale. The township is quite well settled, and has many fine farms.

Earlt Settlement

The first claim taken was probably by a native of Norway, named Gutorm Guttarsen, who located 160 acres on sections seven and eight. He came here in June, 1853, from Book county, Wisconsin, where he had lived since 1846. Michael Michaelson and his brother, Andrew, and Andrew Jermonson, arrived about the same time, or within two weeks, and selected their respective olaims while sitting on top of the bluff east of Badger Valley, Michael taking the one furthest toward the opposite bluff, which, when it was surveyed, proved to be in section twenty-one. This hardy pioneer was born in Norway, in June, 1827. He came to Dane county, Wisconsin, in 1850, where he bought 40 acres of land, and on his coming here realized $110 for it. He was married to Miss Hay a Halverson in 1847. He had the contract for the carpenter work on the schoolhouse in district No. 3, now No. 23. He also helped raise the first mill ever built in town, that of Brown's, at Sheldon. He still makes his own shoes from leather tanned by himself, by a process he learned in his own country. He first claimed 160 acres but a part of it was "jumped" two years afterwards.

Andrew's claim fell on section sixteen. He also took 160 acres and lived on it nine or ten years, when it was sold and the family went to Dakota. Andrew Jermonson took 160 acres and lived on it two yaars, when he died.

In the spring of 1854, Ole Targeson with his family came over from Dane county, Wisconsin, to which place he had come the year before from his native Norway. Two of his sons had preceded him to this country. He was born on the 4th of September, 1794, and died in March, 1881, 87 years of age. His wife had gone before on the 16th of September, 1870. All the children of this aged couple, except a daughter who married Mr. B. Swan, one of the early settlers in Sheldon who afterwards moved to Iowa, are still living in the vicinity. Levi Oleson occupies the old homestead.

Benjamin Swan, in 1854. Brpwn's timber abode was planted about thirty rods northeast of where Mr. Neubury's house now stands, and was really the first house in the village of 3heldon. He was an enterprising man and put up a saw-mill on the present site of Schneider's flouring mill. This was a single vertiole saw, and the very first ia the town or village of Sheldon.

Mr. Brown, who was a Scotchman by birth, came here from Wisconsin and remained until about 1874, and went to the Red River, where he remained until his death, which happened in 1880, as the result of a runaway accident, throwing him from his wagon and breaking his neck.

Mr. Swan opened his farm just north, and his local habitation was where John Roup now lives. He remained on this spot up to 1873 or '74, and then removed to Iowa, where he still resides. He married a daughter of Ole Targeson. She is a sister of Levi and Henry Oieson. In 1857, a Mr. Seeley built a grist-mill near the saw-mill. Mr. John Phelps assisted in its construction and was afterwards owner of the mill for several years. These mills were both purchased by Joseph Schneider in 1868, and in 1875, they were replaced by the mill now standing, which contains four run of stones with the middlings purifiers, smutters, and other machinery now used in a firstclass mill.

The year following Brown's arrival, a Mr. Cook meandered around this way and built a house which has since been enlarged, and is now occupied by Mr. Martin Neubury as a' hotel, and it is now the only one in town.

In 1856, Mr. Moses Woods, a miller by trade, put in an appearance and erected a small slab house in which he opened up a stock of goods, this was the first store in the place, and was kept running for about a year when Mr. Woods withdrew from the trade, which was never very ponderous in his little warehouse.

In 1857, Mr. John Paddock, from Illinois, arrived with a good assortment of merchandise. About this time the Post-office was established and kept at this store, with Mr. Paddock as Postmaster. The first religious service was held at his house, and he was also the first Justice of the Peace. He remained in trade about two years, and was at that time an important citizen. His daughter, Adeline, was married to Mr. Lewis Herring about 1856, it must have been in the fall of that year.

For a time Mr. Paddock kept a hotel, and he continued in town for about ten years, when he returned to Illinois, and eventually broke his neck by a fall from a load of hay. George Brenneman also kept a store here at an early day.

Some time in 1856, Mr. John E. Homme, a Norwegian, established himself on section eighteen, taking 120 acres, to which he has since added 175 more. Mr. Homme was left fatherless when ten years of age and has since fought his way through the world. He learned the carpenter's trade by the time he was nineteen years old, and first came to Dfjie county, Wisconsin, in 1854. One of his sons, E. ) . Homme, is an eminent Lutheran minister, an editor of a periodical, and the founder of a Home for the Friendless, in the interest of Lutheran Societies.

Another prominent citizen and old settler is Henry Wilson, a Norwegian sailor, who, from the age of sixteen until coming to America and locating here in 1855, followed the sea, visiting various ports in Europe, America, Spain, and Russia, doubling Cape Horn, and up the Pacific coast as far as Oregon. He also visited other places including the Atlantic American ports. On coming here he bought 160 acres on section nineteen. He has held various town offices and is a highly respected citizen.

The settlement of the "Ridge," in the eastern part of the town was initiated by Jerry Cunningham, a native of the "Emerald Isle," who landed in New York in 1851, and procured work where he could find it, in New York, Virginia, Ohio, and in the Lake Superior copper mines, where he wrought eighteen months. He finally came here, arriving the year of the first land sale, 1854; and bought 160 acres in section thirteen. A few years afterward he constructed one of those unimposing residences bo fashionable at that time, of unhewn logs, in which he lived with his family for several years, when he put up the house he now lives in, which is in accordance with the later fashions. In 1857, he was married to Miss Ellen Haggerty. They have seven living children. During one of those early years another emigrant from the "Ever green isle," came upon section thirty -six. This was John Murphy, who came to America as early as 1836, and for a time worked as a "long shoreman,'9 and was married in Boston in 1840. He remained here up to 1869, when, selling bis property he went to Dakota and still remains there. It is said that he penetrated the earth to the extent of 140 feet, without reaching water.

Political History

The town of Sheldon was organized on the 11th of May, 1858. The town meeting was held in the village of Sheldon, and the following officers were elected: Supervisors, John Brown, Chairman, Steiner Enudeon, and Henry Olson; Town Clerk, James Pat ton; Assessor, Michael Ryan; Collector, Lawrence Lynch; Justices of the Peace, Lyman B. Jefferson and Ch. Fetsan: Constable, Bartholo mew Henry; Overseer of the Poor, John Paddock.

The present officers are: Supervisors, J. Schneider, Chairman, Edward Crotty, and Ben. Benson; Clerk, W. H. Murphy; Treasurer, J. B. Williams; Assessor, T. O. Findreng.

Village Of Sheldon

Sheldon is beautifully ensconced in the valley of Beaver Creek, surrounded by high blufls on either side, and is built on a broad bench of land running baok from the creek,upon which it is situated, to the extent of a mile in width, generally level, though sufficiently undulating to increase the beauty of the place without subjecting it to any heavy grading. This bench contains some 600 or 700 acres, and, though surrounded by bluffs, the entrances, to it from the various roads which connect it with other towns, and an excellent farming country, are generally most picturesque and beautiful, at the same time rendering it easily accessible, when the roads are kept in proper condition, from almost any other point in the county. Beaver Creek furnishes one of the most copious water-powers in the West; it is formed from large springs and has a western and southern branch which unite and form a single stream at a distance of a mile from the town. Either of these branches is amply sufficient for supplying water for firstclass mills of any description, and their banks are well situated for the required buildings. The stream varies in width from twenty to twenty-five feet, has a depth of eighteen inches, and empties into the South Fork of Root Biver about two miles distant from the confluence of its two branches. It has a fall of about two feet to the mile, and is filled with fine trout, affording endless sport to the angler, besides supplying the table with a luxury ever envied by the epicure.

In the early days of Sheldon it had greater pretensions than it now has. One of its old-time proprietors, and from whom it derived its name, Mr. Julius C. Sheldon, formerly a resident of Suffield, Connecticut, had great anticipations of the future growth of the town, and through his enterprise, together with other old-timers, the town made wonderful progress, and bid fair to rival any town in the southern part of the State. Certain causes, however, put a check to its progress, the construction of the Southern Minnesota railroad, six miles or so away, with the warning bell of the locomotive, proved to be the curfew that tolled the hour to extinguish its light, as it has many another promising village, to cause others, however, to appear in unexpected places, and thus to fulfill the law of compensation.

The trade of the town having been diverted to other points, the limpid waters of Beaver Creek, its splendid water-power, and the beautiful town site of Sheldon, lost their magnetic power, and it has since philosophically settled down, perfectly contented with being a quiet and comfortable farmer' 8 town.

The village, as laid out, had sixteen blocks, with eight lots in each, and cross alleys. The east and west streets, beginning on the north, are North Street, Fobs Street, Broadway, which has a plaza in the center, Suffield, and South Streets. The streets at right angles with these, commencing on the west, are Mound, Wall, Main, Otter, and Beaver. The Caledonia road comes in on the southeast angle of the village, and leaves it for Houston through Broadway. The village is in the valley, nestling between the hills on the left bank of the stream that finds its way into the South Fork of Root River, in section eighteen.

Houston Society of the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church. - Not unlike almost all other new settlements, occasional religious services were held at various places, mostly in the primitive private residences about this region. The first remembered being at the houses of J. M. Matson and Andrew Michaelson about the year 1855. One of the early preachers was the Rev. B. Koren, from Looking Glass prairie, who is now a Bishop and still residing there. Not long after this, the above mentioned society was formed in connection with like societies jit Highland prairie and Rush ord, and they connectedly employed

Rev. N. E. Jenson, who thus became the first pastor. The society was made up of about sixty families. The earliest trustees were: Christof Evenson, Steiner Knudson, Seigurd Anderson, and Ole Ornott; T. A. Grover was the Clerk, and 0. Evenson the Treasurer, the latter serving about eleven years. The first services after Rev. Jenson was installed as pastor, were held in a blacksmith shop in Houston, and afterwards in private houses, but finally the erection of a church was begun in 1865, and completed the succeeding year. It is situated on the line between Houston and Sheldon on the Houston and Caledonia valley road. The structure is of stone, except the porch, and is surmounted with a bell-tower and spire of wood. In size it is 60x35 feet, and the cost was $5,500. The bell cost 8500, but in 1880, it was unfortunately broken, and has not yet been repaired or replaced.

The Rev. N. E. Jenson remained at his post until 1870, when he was succeeded by Rev. Kr. Magelssen, who faithfully gave spiritual encouragement to the church for three years, and when he left, the society bestowed upon him a valuable testimonial as a token of their appreciation of his services. The ministrations are now by Rev. E. Jaastad, who resides in Rushford.

Methodist Episcopal. - In 1858, there were a sufficient number of adherents to this sect to form a society, and an organization was effected, which flourished for a time, and got together fifty members. But neglecting the opportunities which that flood tide presented, the ebb which followed left the society stranded on the shore.

While the society formed a part of a circuit and had a regular supply, various clergymen attended to its spiritual necessities, among them are remembered, Rov. Mr. White, Rev. Mr. Taintor, Rev. Mr. Quigley, R9V. James Condon, and Rev. Mr. Klepper, who was the last of the list. No church building was ever erected, and the meetings were held in the most available places that could be procured.

Pbesbytebian. - Not long after the Methodist denomination had assumed form, the Presbyterians also organized a society, and succeeded in building a neat frame chapel 30x40 feet, in 1860. Rev. Mr. Frothingham was the first resident pastor, and be had engagements at other places. After him the Rev. Mr. Hendricks was then here for a time, when Rev. Mr. Brack came and remained eight years, officiating at the same time in Yucatan and Houston. The last regular pastor was Rev. J. Weetervelt, who lived in Caledonia. Since 1879, there has been no service, except in the case of a funeral. Deaths and removals have so depleted the ranks that, to use a military term, hardly a corporal's guard could now be mustered, even for an emergency.

District No. 23. - This was formerly No. 31, and is located in the Badger Valley, as it is called. The first English school taught here was in 1856 or '57, by Wm. H. Murphy, in private houses about the neighborhood. Previous to this time there had been a Norwegian school for a few months by Mr. Gunder Jermondson.

George Brbnnehan, one' of the pioneers of Sheldon, is a native of Clarion county, Pennsylvania, where his birth occurred on the 11th of June, 1825. His father was a farmer and inn-keeper, and George remained at home until the age of twenty-four years when he was married to Miss Ebeline Campbell. He was then for several years engaged in building freight boats on the Clarion River, and also did some freighting. In 1857, they came to Sheldon, and Mr. Brenneman purchased the house in which he now resides. Until 1875, he was engaged in mercantile pursuits, since which time be has given his attention to agriculture. Mrs. Brenneman died in 1873. She was the mother of seven children; Amanda, Mary Ann, John Henry, Jane, Margaret, Barbara Elizabeth, and David Clinton. Mr. Brenneman subsequently married a lady whose maiden name was Miss Hannah Gordon, also a native of Clarion county. An infant son is the result of this union. Mr. Brenneman has held a number of local offices, such as Justice of the Peace, Town Clerk, Constable, etc.

Cassius S. Cranson, M. D., is a native of Michigan, born in the town of Sandstone, Jackson couniy, on the 8th of April, 1844. He received his education at the College of Adrian, and after- ward studied with Dr. Hanlon, at Middleville, where he commenced his practice. Miss Ella E. Keeler, of Saratoga county, New York, became his wife on the 30th of April. 1867. Dr. Oranson has been a resident of Sheldon only since July, 1880, but has already won the confidence of the people for many miles around, where he has an extensive practice, which speaks stronger than words of his ability and success as a physician.

Leandeb C. Carpenter, a resident of this county since 1869, has become quite noted for his great muscular strength, and is considered the best chopper in this region, and an expert lumberman, having devoted the past nine winters to that occupation. He is a native of Chautauqua county, New York, where his birth occurred on the 15th of April, 1846. His father died when Leander was but three years old, and four years afterward his mother again married and moved to Pennsylvania. Leander soon returned to New York and lived with an uncle, with whom he moved to Oakfield, Kent county, Michigan, and when fourteen years of age took upon himself the duty of supporting his mother, who was again a widow. On the 24th of December, 1863, he enlisted in the First Michigan Light Artillery, but was soon after taken sick, and the following fall transferred to the Invalid Corps. Was stationed first at Nashville, then at Indianapolis, from which place he was discharged on the 30th of June, 1865. On the 1st of January, 1874, he was united in marriage with Miss Jennie Lind Wood, by whom he has four boys; Lutie C, Edwin J., Bertie D., and Lynn. His mother is now married to her third husband, and lives in Oakneld, Michigan. She has had thirteen children, eleven of whom are living; four of these were born of the first marriage, five of the second, and four of the third.

Mikkel Eastonson was born in Norway in May, 1830. He was reared to agricultural pursuits, remaining at home until seventeen years of age. In 1858, he was joined in marriage with Miss Annie Johnson. They came to Canada in 1860 and located in Quebec, remaining until coming to Sheldon in about 1863. Mr. EastonBon purchased a farm in section twenty-seven, and has since devoted his time to its cultivation.

Chbistof Evenson dates his birth in Norway, on the 1st of January, 1823. He was engaged at farming and lumbering in his native country, and came to America in 1851. For five years he worked in the pineries of Wisconsin, then moved to Goodhue county and purchased a farm, but sold in the same year and came to Sheldon in the fall of 1857. He married Miss Birgit Anderson on the 11th of February, 1862. Their children are, Edwin, Andrew, Gilbert, Tilda, Bertina, Christopher, and Annie.

G. Gtjttabsen is a native of Norway, born in April, 1812. In 1846, he came to America, locating in Bock county, Wisconsin, where he was united in marriage with Miss Louisa Evenson in 1848. On his arrival in this country, Mr. Guttarsen had very little money, but by economy and good management soon found himself the owner of forty acres of land. He came to Minnesota in 1853, and took a claim of one hundred and sixty acres in sections seven and eight, which was probably the first land taken in Sheldon. His wife died a few years after coming here, leaving four children, Gutorm, Even, John B., and Erie. In 1862, he married Miss Isabel Emmons, who has borne five children, Eliza, Isabel, Osa, Julia, and Ole.

Hans Hogensen dates his birth the 26th of January, 1820, in Norway. He was married in 1861, and came to America in 1863. For five years he was engaged in mining in the copper regions of Lake Superior, after which he came to Minnesota and located a farm in section twentysix, Sheldon, which is still his home. Mr. and Mrs. Hogensen have one child, a daughter, named Annie.

John N. Ingman was born in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, in the year 1828. In 1850, his father was drowned in one of the great lakes,and in 1856, John came with his mother to Sheldon. He served in Company H, of the Eighth Missouri Volunteer Infantry, enlisting in 1861, and taking part in a number of important battles, among which were Pittsburg Landing, Pea Ridge, and Vicksburg, in the latter of which, he received a severe wound in the leg, shattering both bones. The wound became gangrenous, a large portion of the heel crumbling away, leaving the foot nearly useless. After remaining several months in the hospital at Memphis, on the 7th of November, 1863, he was discharged and started home, but an attack of erysipelas obliged him to remain at the Soldier's Home, in Chicago, until the following February. During his absence bis mother died, and for about four years after his return, Mr. Ingman was engaged in school teaching in Fillmore county.

Hi8T0Iiy Of Houston County

Andrew Jakobson was born in Norway, on the 1st of June, 1849. Since the age of seventeen he has supported himself, coming to America in 1871, and to Sheldon three years later. In September, 1873, he was married to Miss Isabel Evanson, who has borne him four children; John, Theodore, Annie, and Tennie.

Hiram Knox, a resident of Sheldon since the fall of 1863, is a native of Lebanon, Maine, his birth dating the 27th of April, 1825. His parents removed to the town of Jay when the subject of this sketeh was six years of age; two years later he went to live with a neighboring farmer, remaining until 1839. Then, in company with one of his companions, he came west and settled in Illinois. He subsequently made a trip to the mining regions of California, but returned in a few years. He was united in marriage with Miss Lovantia E. Smith in 1850. In the spring of 1863, they removed to Houston county, remaining in Yucatan until fall, when they came here and have since made it their home. Mr. Knox has devoted the greater portion of his time to buying and selling live stock, also deals in real estate and loans money. Of eight children born to him, six are living; Fallis E., Ida M., Frank F., Belle, Noma, and Hiram.

Jasper M. Knox, a native of Mercer county, Hlinois, was born on the 8th of September, 1858. In the spring of 1877, he came to Fountain, Fillmore county, and the following September to Sheldon, where he was engaged in a store for some time, but now devotes his attention to agricultural pursuits. Miss Orpha F. Williams became his wife on the 20th of December, 1880.

George W. Mills was born in Hancock county, Indiana, on the 25th of December, 1835. He learned the carpenter trade when nineteen years old. In December, 1855, he was joined in marriage with Miss Nancy E. Cracraft, of Rayville, Indiana. Of eight children born to them, those living are Mary E., Emily J., William A., Carrie E., Perry J., and Sarah E. In 1861, Mr. Mills enlisted in the Thirty -sixth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, but was soon after taken sick, and discharged before the expiration of his term. He reenlisted in 1863, in the Ninth Indiana Cavalry; was promoted to Sergeant, and participated in the battles of Nashville, Franklin, Spring Hill, Hollow Tree Gap, Pulaski, and others. He was sent from Muscle Shoals, Tennessee, in charge of a brigade ambulance train to New Orleans. On his way back he was discharged at Vioksburg under general order No. 51. Then returned to his home and remained until March, 1876, when he came to this town and has remained ever since.

Levi Olson is a son of Ole Targeson, one of the pioneers of Sheldon. He was among the youngest of a large family, and made his home with his parents until their death. The family came from Norway to Dane county, Wisconsin, in 1853, and the following spring to Badger Creek valley, all taking land in different portions of the place, on which they settled. The mother died several years ago, and the father in March, 1881, at the age of eighty-seven years. Levi, the subject of this sketch, was joined in matrimony on the 26th of June, 1863, with Miss Sarah Knudson. Of ten children, the result of this union, nine are living, Anna, Sarah, Ole, Christine, Carrie, Rnudt, Targe, Andrew, and Tone. Mr. Olson has a fine farm of over three hundred acres, a large portion of which is under cultivation. It is beautifully situated, and watered by Beaver Creek, which flows through a portion of it, the bluffs on either side affording shelter from the winds. Our subject is a man well known and very highly esteemed by his acquaintances.

Joseph Schneider, a native of Austria, was born in 1831, and came to America in 1854. He resided one year in New York, and then came to La Crosse, Wisconsin, where he was engaged in the mill business. While there he married Miss Frances Ringel, the ceremony occurring in the year 1856. Mr. Schneider held several prominent public positions while in the latter place, and in 1875, came to this town and purchased the old mill property, on which he erected his present mill. This establishment contains all machinery necessary for a first class mill Of twelve children born to him, eight are living; Louis, Joseph, Anna, Francis, Emma, Henry, Bertha, and Lucy.

Moses Woods is a native of Massachusetts, and was born at So athbo rough, Middlesex county, in 1814. When he was sixteen years old his parents moved to Chautauqua county, New York, and two years later his mother died. At the age of twenty-one years he returned to Massa- chusetts and purchased a farm in Worcester county. He built a saw mill, and was engaged in milling and farming there for twelve years. In 1848, he was married to Miss Catharine Mitchell, a native of Ireland, and in 1856, removed with his family to Sheldon, Minnesota. Mr. Mitchell opened the first grocery store in this town, but discontinued it after a year and engaged in farming and carpenter work. In September, 1864, he enlisted in the Eleventh Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, Company. K, then stationed at Fort Snelling. He was soon sent south and stationed at Gallatin, guarding railroads till the close of the war. Mr. and Mrs. Woods have had seven children, three boys and four girls, six of whom are living. Their names were, Sophia, Eva, John, Jenny Lind, Charles, Emery, and Lizzie Etta. John is said to have been the first white child born in the town of Sheldon. When Mr. Wood came to Sheldon, and indeed for many years afterwards, hunting was good; he has killed a large number of deer and wolves and still delights in the sport when opportunity offers. He is sixty - seven years old, but has a steady arm, and can still use the rifle with precision.

Edgar E. Webster is a native of Wisconsin, born in the town of De Pere, on the 28th of March, 1845. On the 22d of February, 1864, he enlisted in Company F, of the Fourteenth Wisconsin Volunteer Infanty, serving under Sherman at Vicksburg, Black River, and Clifton; was in the campaign against Hood, and afterward spent a month on patrol duty at Mobile. On the 26th of October, 1865, he was discharged, and returning to his native State entered the Ripon College, remaining five terms. He then, in January, 1869, came to Rushford, Minnesota, where he was married to Miss Lucy M. Lake, on the 4th of November, 1873. She has borne him three children. In 1876, they removed to Sheldon, and purchased the farm on which they now reside. He is at present filling the office of Justice of the Peace.

J. B. Williams was born in Jefferson county, Pennsylvania; on the 22d of April, 1833. His mother died when he was quite small, and in 1844, his father removed to Rock Island, Illinois, and thence to Henry county, in the same State. When seventeen years old, on account of the frigidity of the breath of his step-mother, he set out to seek his fortune. He arrived at Grand Rapids, Wisconsin, without a 03nt of money, but soon found employment in rafting lumber down the Wisconsin and Mississippi Rivers, continuing in that occupation during summer and attending school in winter for three years. He came to Houston county in 1852, and lived with his brother about three years. Having saved upwards of $300, he concluded to open a store in the little hamlet of Sheldon. With a line of endorsement from Sam. McPhail he went to Galena, purchased a stock of goods, and in May,1857,opened the first dry goods store in the place. In 1858, he was married to Miss L. E. Gardner. When the war of the rebellion began to assume serious proportions, he sold his stock of goods intending to enlist in the defense of his country, but was not accepted, on account of disability. In 1868, he purchased another building and again engaged in trade here. Mr. - Williams* store now consists of three build irgs arranged side by side, in which he does a heavy country trade. He has four children; Orpha, now Mrs. J. M. Enox, Mary, Rose, and Jane. During the last eighteen years Mr. Williams has filled the offices of Town Clerk and Treasurer most of the time.

Frederick Pibpeb was born in Prussia, on the 8th of July, 1837. He entered the army at the age of twenty and served three years; then came to Canada West, in 1863, and in 1866, to Houston county. He was employed by farmers for a time, then rented some land in Union, and in 1881, removed to Sheldon. He was united in marriage with Miss Frederike Weideman, on the 2d of November, 1862. They have seven children.

Spring Grove

GENERAL DESCRIPTION - FIRST SETTLEMENT - FIRST MILL - FIRST BIRTH AND DEATH - FIRST MARRIAGE - THE STAPLE PRODUCTS - POLITICAL ORGANIZATION - FIRST ELECTIONS - SCHOOLS.

Black Hammer is on the north, Wilmington on the east, the state of Iowa on the south, and Fillmore county on the western border. It has two villa ges,]Rioeford, on Rioeford Creek, in section six, and Spring Grove, on the Narrow Gauge railroad, in section eleven. The town is well settled with a thriving population. It was known at first as Norwegian Ridge, that is the whole elevated region which extends over into what is now WilmingtoD. The town when first organized was much larger than it is now, taking in a part of what has since been organized into Black Hammer. It has an area of about 23,000 acres. The only stream of any importance in the township is Riceford Creek, which courses along the western border of the town near the county line, running north, to finally unite with Root River. This town, taken in connection with its neighbor, Wilmington, has some special geological features worthy of notice. Most of the other townships in the county are gorged with deep valleys and ravines, cut in alternating strata of sandstone and limestone, below the general level of the country; but here, the prevailing features in the county are reversed, as a connecting series of elevated ridges forming broad uplands rear their water sheds nearly 200 feet above the surrounding prairie country. One common ridge a mile or more in width extends in a diagonal direction from the southwestern part of Spring Grove to the the northern part of Wilmington.

From this main upland extending in various directions, numerous spurs project, some of them for two miles, with sequestered valleys between; the widest of these are two miles across. As mentioned in the geological account of the county, these peculiarities are not due to upheavals but to erosion.

The views obtained from different points are remarkably fine. Looking northward nearly the whole of Black Hammer township is spread out like a panorama, to the west of which Fillmore county territory can be seen. Directly west is a depression, with an elevation far beyond. The prospect looking south is only interrupted by the highlands beyond the Iowa River, and which ever way you turn, there is hill and vale, prairie and woodland, with dwellings dotting the landscape, and an occasional spire above the intervening groves pointing to the blue vault above.

This region is called the hill country, and embraces ten miles or so from east to west, and six or seven from north to south. The surface drainage is in all directions, and the top of the water shed is remarkably level and carries the railroad bed with little grading. The slope either way is quite gradual, and what may be deemed remarkable the whole region is overspread with a rioh clay loam, and being mostly open country is occupied by numerous farms, some of them on an extended scale. The dwellings are usually in sheltered nooks among the groves or below the brow of a protecting declivity.

The village of Spring Grove is quite pleasantly situated on a high part of the main ridge, on nearly level ground, on the southern part of the water shed. The buildings are set well apart and are neat and substantial, but a more complete description will be given of its characteristics in succeeding pages.

Along the table lands the early settlers found beautiful groves of oak, without underbrush, interspersed with maple and black walnut, and in the shady aisles of these overhanging boughs, clear and sparkling springs bubbled up in the most inviting places, urging the seeker after a home to make this spot his abiding place. Most of the timber is now gone, but enough remains to give a good idea of the delightful prospect that greeted the early explorers.

The soil is of a clayey nature, merging into dark rich loam in the lowlands, but somewhat lighter along the bluffs, which are well adapted to grazing. In the southern part of the town, toward the west, the numerous springs form rivulets going south, to finally reach the Upper Iowa River, in the state of Iowa.

An abundance of lime stone is found along the ridges cropping out at convenient points, and an occasional kiln is burned with satisfactory results, although on account of the want of a steady market this is in no respect an organized industry. This lime rook also furnishes most excellent building material and is extensively used for this purpose, and the demand in this direction must be ever increasing.

The town is well adapted to agricultural pursuits, and has a large cultivated area, yielding good crops of the cereals and other products of the latitude; and in the low lands, hay is a most valuable crop. Fruit culture is more or less successful. This soil and climate is remarkably well adapted to the cultivation of the amber cane, and considerable attention has been paid to this crop, some of the farmers making syrup to the amount -of eight or nine hundred gallons in one season. This industry being new to most of the settlers, attention to it is of slow growth, but this very slowness ensures its permanency, and with the large and ever increasing demand for Sweetening," this must in due time be one of the largest crops raised here.

The Primary Settlement

The first actual settler, who located a claim and erected a dwelling, was James Smith, now an esteemed resident of Caledonia. He came from Pennsylvania, being unmarried at the time, and for several years did his own housework. He arrived in the spring of 1852, but went to Lansing, Iowa, in the fall to work at his trade, that of printing; he returned in the spring to break up his land, and to do other work on his claim, which consisted of 320 acres on section eleven. After his marriage to Miss Elizabeth Landrum, of Illinois, a Sunday school was started at his house, and maintained for some time. Mr. Smith also secured the establishment of the Post-office, giving the place the appropriate name of Spring Grove, which it still retains. His house was the first stopping place in town. At an early date he received the appointment of Justice of the Peace, and was a member of the County Commissioner' s Court while Minnesota was still a Territory.

Arthur B. Bow, a native of Vermont, appeared upon the scene perhaps even before Smith, and had a little shanty and staked out large tracts of land of the most desirable quality, and on the finest locations, with a view of selling to some unsophisticated seeker after a home, who might have some money. After Smith had put up his cabin, Bow put up one just west of it, and lived on it some time, making a certain amount of improvements, which were finally purchased by Embrick Enudson, and Bow went further west.

Mr. Enudson lived on the land until 1863, when he also moved on with the western tide of emigration. He was a native of Norway, and came to America in 1846; first located in Southern Wisconsin, and afterwards in Pine Creek, Iowa, from whence he came to Spring Grove in about 1854. He was a prominent man, and assisted in the organization of the town; was for several years Postmaster and Town Treasurer, and is well remembered by the old settlers. He at first went to Fillmore county, and afterwards to North Fork, Stearns county, where he died in the spring of 1880. His widow and children still live in the latter county, except a daughter, who, as Mrs. Nels Barsen, resides in Fillmore county.

In the winter of 1851-52, John Vale, who lived in Iowa, came over, and like Queen Dido at Carthage, run a line around immense tracts of choice land, cut and split some rails, and the following spring or summer, 1852, he sold his rails and preemption rights, whatever they were, to H. Narveson, Knud Knudson Eieland, and Fin gal Asleson, whose families now reside on the places thus secured.

Anthony Huyck, who had a place in Caledonia, came here soon after Mr. Smith, and put his signet on some eligible acres, and as he had ox teams, he was capable of making improvements of value, and

During the summer of 1852, the settlement of the town was rapid. The long lines of emigrants moving by the front towards the frontier with its uncertain boundary, and as a section reached this spot, it would instinctively halt, and if the result of the reconnoissance revealed an unoccupied spot, or a purchasable one with the means at command, the resolution would be made to go no further, but to locate right here. And so at this early day, Spring Grove sprung into existence as an important settlement.

First Scandinavian Settlers. - During the first summer, when this region was attracting so much attention, there was quite an immigration of enterprising young men and women from Norway. Prominent among these were the following men, many of whom with their children are among the leading business men, and the active citizens and politicians of the county :

Peter Johnson Lommen, who located on section three, and has since made it his home. Enud Olson Bergo, on section ten, but who has since died, and his family removed. Even Evenson Haime, who located on section nine, where he remained until October 14, 1873, when he died. His widow and children still live on the same place. These three men came the same week in June, 1852. H. Narveson located on the eastern part of section ten , where he lived until his death, and the family still occupies the farm. Fingal Asleson and Knud Enudson bought land together with Mr. Narveson, making his shanty their home for a while, but soon divided their land, and the two former have since separately carried on their farms, still living on them. Ole and Tolef Amundson Berg located on ection sixteen, where they have since lived and now have large and well improved farms. In July, 1852, Torger Johnson Tenneland located on section fifteen, where he lived until his death, on the 23d of December, 1873. His son now carries on the farm. These were the pioneer Scandinavians of the town, and came direct from Wisconsin to the newly organized territory of Minnesota.

During the remainder of that year, and for a year or so afterwards, many others of the same nationality came and took an active part in the development of the town; among these may be mentioned Gudbrand M. Bund, Levor and George

Timanson, Gilbert Nielson, Myrha and Hans Nielson, Ole 0. Steneroder and several others. The presence of these men in such a force gave the locality the name of ''Norwegian Ridge," and on the organization of the county it became the name of the voting precinct, and by that name people at a distance still designate this region.

In this connection Ole Oleson should not be forgotten, who, from his extraordinry size, was known far and near as "Big Ole." He remained here about one year when he removed to Iowa. In the southern part of the town a settlement was effected, also in 1852, by Ole O. Ulen on section twenty- six, where he made a home and remained ten or twelve years, and then, after spending some time in Iowa, finally moved to Clay county, this State. After coming from Norway, he had spent a single year in Wisconsin. John Anderson Kroshus also took a claim on section twenty-six the same season, the place now occupied by Embrick Hanson, to whose father it was sold in 1853. Ole 0hristoph3rson located on sections thirty -four and thirty- five, where he still remains.

These adventurers were followed by others who soon filled up this part of the township, which is denominated "the valley," in which may be found some of the finest cultivated farms in the town or county.

In the southwestern part of the town, which is mostly prairie, and lies south and east of Riceford Creek, a large portion was originally bought at the early land sale by speculators, and it was later in being colonized than the eastern or northern portion, and was mostly settled by Americans.

The first man to put in an appearance in this place was Mr. W. Banning, who built a grist-mill on the creek in section nineteen, in the fall of 1852. This mill wa« the first in this whole region, and it filled the untutored mind of the red man, whose squaws brought their corn to be ground, with wonder and admiration. The mill was a primitive affair, although it revealed the struggling efforts of genius in its construction.

The old settlers who saw this mill, and used to wait so many long and tedious hours for the half bushel of corn they had toted on their shoulders such a weary way, to finally be handed back in the form of meal, never tire of relating incidents as to this wonderful affair.

while the stones got a little nearer together and the product was dignified by the name of meal. A complete description of the mill would baffle a patent right lawyer. But a general idea will be attempted.

A dam was thrown across the river, and a head thus obtained. Below the dam was a box to receive a wheel with a vertical shaft ; the wheel having buckets radiating like the spokes of a wagon wheel, placed at the bottom. 'The water was admitted on one side, and following the wheel threequarters round would make its escape. It was a wooden affair and the crudest kind of a turbine wheel, with no attempt at confining the water and securing the reaction as is now done. The running stone was connected directly with the wheel shaft, the stones rested on a strong hardwood frame, and literally stood out of doors, with no covering except in case of a rain, when a few boards would be called into requisition to cover the hopper. The great trouble.in the whole business was to feed it slow enough for its capacity. It is said a whole handful of corn inadvertently dropped in at once would bring everything up standing.

Among the numerous other yarns told at the expense of this of this mill, is of a man who, having seen his grist deposited in the hopper, went round below to see the meal come through and after waiting a reasonable time and there was no "giving down,1' an investigation was made, when a mouse was discovered catching up each kernel as it appeared, and biting out the eye would then throw the rest away. This intruder being driven off, the man in due time got his grist through.

This was indeed the day of small things, and a comparison between this mill and one of Washburn's, or Pillsbury's, at Minneapolis, would discount the fable of the molehill and the mountain.

But after all, the efforts of Mr. Banning are not to be despised. Consider the obstacles he had to overcome, think of the long distance over a bridgeless and a roadless country he had to convey these stones and the tools and material required for his undertaking, which, under the circumstances, was a most formidable one.

How many to-day would thus start out, and go west beyond the confines of the present civilization, and thus build a mill without means as he practically was, not having enough funds to keep a man a week at a fashionable hotel Some of our modern millers should procure a model of this mill with the identical stones, and have it on exhibition to illustrate the contrast between "now" and "then." The stones of this old mill are now in possession of Mr. V. T. Beeby, at Riceford; they measure twenty-six inches in diameter. The site of the mill is now occupied by Mr. E. Nelson. In 1853, Mr. W. H. Rowe was prospecting in this section and bought this property from Mr. Banning. This was on the 27th of June. There was considerable land with it that Mr. Banning had staked off. Mr. Rowe improved the mill and fixed a bolting box, to be revolved by hand, so that he had a flouring -mill. He also rigged up a saw for his own use.

The early settlers, alt hough at that day surrounded with a halo of romance into which freedom and an absence of conventional restraint, which left them children of nature, largely entered, nevertheless had a hard time generally. The luxuries of life were wholly denied them, the comforts everywhere considered indispensible were rare, and actual necessities were only attainable under the greatest difficulties, particularly in the winter, when most of the settlers in this region had to go to Turkey River, in Iowa, to mill; later, a mil) was built near Dorchester, but that was still quite a journey.

As an instance of the work and hardship required to keep soul and body together, it is said, Enud Olson Bergo took what he could comfortably carry on his back in a sack and started for the mill below Dorchester, and it was more than a week before he succeeded in getting home. The deep snows and cold weather prevented many from going to mill at all. The little mill spoken of above would at such times be immovably frozen up, and so they had to grind their corn in a coffee mill or pound it up in a mortar.

The first birth was a daughter of Tolef Amundson Bergh, Mary J., who was born October 29, 1852. She died on the 29th of November of the same year. The burial was on the farm about three miles west of the village.

Probably the oldest living, child born in Spring Grove is John P. Lommen, who was born on the 12th of December, 1852. He is now a merchant in Caledonia, and is a son of Peter Johnson Lommen, a prominent citizen of Spring Grove.

During the years 1854-55, quite a number of families were added to the already thriving colony, and the few years immediately succeeding witnessed still further developments. Farms were opened in all parts of the town, and the early comers were beginning to reap some of the rewards for their self-sacrificing toil. Larger buildings were erected, schools and churohes established, and a general air of thrift and enterprise began to be visible, where so recently all was wild and uninhabited, except by the wild beasts of the forest and prairie.

At an early day the farmers turned their attention to the cultivation of wheat, and at first the yield was beyond their expectations, being sometimes from twenty to thirty bushels to the acre, but various untoward circumstances, atmospheric and other causes,produced frequent failures, the crop getting down sometimes to ten bushels or less per acre. From the crude and experimental efforts of earlier years, has been developed more systematic methods of farming, and the beneficial effects are already quite apparent. Corn and its * remunerative product, pork, is largely raised, and although there is exceptionally some mortality among the hogs, the crop is more certain as a standard production, and at fair prices, now that there is direct railroad communication with Chicago and Milwaukee, the great pork packing centers, than any other that has been attempted, and the only thing that may supercede it in the near future is the butter and cheese business, to which the town is well adapted, as there seems to be some inclination in that direction.

For many years the citizens of this town labored under the disadvantage of being so far removed from market as to render farming or other industries less profitable than in more favored localities, and when the Chicago, Clinton, Dubuque, and Minnesota Railroad Company made the preliminary survey, and submitted a proposition to build a narrow gauge line if the requisite encouragement was extended, * the town voted a bonus of twelve thousand dollars, payable within twenty years, the bonds to bear interest at the rate of seven per cent., the towa to elect when, within the specified time, the payment should be made. Under the conditions of the contract between the company and the town, two stations were established; one at New House, already mentioned, and one at the village of Spring Grove, of which mention is reserved for another chapter. By referring to the annual report, the immense benefit arising from this enterprise will readily be percieved. Farmers are no longer subject to the tedious journey before necessary, in marketing their yearly increasing produce, and merchants are no less fortunate in the present ample facilities for transportation.

The railroad, a sketch of which is given in the general history of the county, passes through the township from the northeast corner, following the ridge already described, and crossing the west boundary north of the southwest corner.

The town of Spring Grove was organized the same year that the State was admitted into the Union, 1858, but unfortunately the records have not been preserved.

Dear Sir: At the first election in Spring Grove, after the State was admitted, Mr. W. T. Hiukley, Mr. B. S. Andrews, and myself were each candidates for Justice of the Peace and Andrews and I were elected. I believe C. H. Brown and also W. T. Hinkley ran for the Chairmanship of the Board of Supervisors, and that Brown was chosen for both of the positions, Chairman and Superintendent, but T am not quite sure. I know that Hinkley was Town Clerk, and he must have been elected at this first election.

I think the other supervisors were John Nelson and George Timanson, but am not positive. I believe Embrick Knudson was Town Treasurer. It is likely that C. H. Brown, of Riceford, would remember about it.

On further reflection, I am sure that Brown was elected Chairman of the Board of Supervisors, and Hinkley, Town Clerk. For at any rate they were acting in that capacity at the time of the next town meeting. I am pretty sure the other supervisors were Nelson and Timanson. Francis Aiken was one Constable, but I don't remember the other. -

County Seat. Samuel MoPhail was there, and in his happiest mood. He bought about a half bushel of eggs and boiled them, and we all had a free lunch and lots of fun.

At the early precinct and town meetings, what may be characterized as "high old times" were had. The place could not then have been called a temperance town, and at all the public meetings a good time was always expected and usually obtained, unless the demijohns ran dry, and such a contingency was provided against with tender cire. The usual results of such inspiration naturally followed, and free fights in the true Donnybrook Fair variety, were not unfrequent. At the "county seat" election, which took place in Smith's Grove, just east of the present village, the whole town came out, and as Cale Ionia was the ambitious burgh that was struggliug for the honor, Samuel MoPhail, the original proprietor of the village plat, was on hand at this the most thickly settled placa hereabouts, and as mentioned by Mr. Aiken, he furnished eggs which were boiled in kettles on the ground, and he also had butter to eat on them, which Wat- more or less a novelty at even the regular nnals at that time. If there was any doubt as to which way the question would be decided, the butter and eggs settled it. It was the most exciting election ever held in town. The owners of real estate in ] Brownsville, Caledonia, and Houston, were frantically anxious; each could see visions of wealth ready to be poured into his lap, and all depending upon the decision of the hour. The question "To be," or "Not to be," was the vital one with them, whether they were to be remanded to an equal struggle with the world, or were to b3 reinforced by the voice of the county transforming their farms into city lots.

The feelings and movements of McPhail as he joyfully flew to carry the glad news to the Caledonians, were in striking contrast with the depressing sensations experienced by the pilgrims from the other contesting points, as they sadly and silently climbed the intervening bluffs, to carry the disappointing tidings to their expectant friends at home. Taj citizens who participated in that con-

The present town officers are : Supervisors, A. Lamb, Chairman, Embrick Hanson, and A. M. Hallan; Clerk, Nels O. Ongard; Assessor, L. T. Johnson; Treasurer, Charles Hoegh, and Justices of the Peace, A. Halverson and V. T. Beeby. The town meetings are now held in the Town Hall, which was the old school house, bought by the town when the new one was built in 1872.

District No. 55. - A Norwegian school was commenced in a very primitive way at an early period of the history of the colony. At first the school was peripatetic, being kept a single week in one house, and the next in another, the school actually boarding around instead of the teacher, as sometimes happened in those primitive times. Cornelius Narveson was the teacher who faithfully followed the scholars in their pilgrimage in quest of the keys of knowledge. Since its organization the boundary of the district has been modified to some extent. After the outline was defined the local habitation secured was in the house of Ole Amundson Berg on section sixteen, and afterward room was rented from John Myhro on section eight. The school was held in various places, until a small frame building was constructed on section eight; this must have been about 1867, al though there is a wide difference in the recollection of the citizens as to the exact time. Afterwards the original structure was doubled in size, and it is now a respectable appearing school house.

District No. 56. - The first school was held in an old log house of Abner Aiken, on section thirty, which had been his residence; the school continued there for some time, but was not very popular. In 1866, the present comfortable house was put up, on the west line of section twenty-nine, at a cost of about $800.00. There are now from fifty to seventy -five pupils on the roll. The school is kept up from six to eight months each year.

District No. 57. - This was organized in the spring of 1857, and the first officers were, Andrew Hanson, Clerk; Hans. P. Rosendahl, Treasurer; and Teman Gilberteon, Director. The first funds were raised by subscription, and Ole Ulen and Andrew P. Kroshus out and had sawed the timber for the erection of the first school house, which was ready for occupancy in the fall of 1857.

Miss Mahala E. Rowe taught the first school in the house in the summer of 1858, and as a prominent connecting link between the past and the present, it should be stated that a son of the first teacher, Mr. Addison, taught the last school in the house, in the winter of 1880; and then the old building went the way of all the world. The present structure was put together a half mile east of the old one near the southeast corner of section twenty -six.

District No. 76. On the 24th of April, 1869, a regular meeting was held for the purpose of organizing a school district from territory taken from No. 57. The meeting was at the house of John Eriokson, and the following year the house now there, was erected at a cost of about $700.00, and in 1870, the excercises of the school began, Miss Ella M. Dibble wielding the ferule as an emblem of her authority.

DiSTiiiCT No. 88. - This district was dissected out of No. 57, which seems to have been the mother of districts, in 1878. The first school was held at the residence of Knud Gilbertson on section twenty-three, in the winter or late fall of 1878. In the summer of 1879, the very pretty schoolhouse now used was erected on section twenty-four, on the farm of Knud Gilbertson.

Village Of Spring Grove

The first steps leading to the founding and subsequent development of this thriving village have already been mentioned, as have also the names of the principal actors.

It required no prophetic vision to foresee the ultimate concentration of capital and energy which has placed this naturally favored spot among the brightest and most prosperous of inland towns, and given to the surrounding country a trading point excelled by none in southern Minnesota. When the settlement of the region west of this led to the founding of the village of Preston, in Fillmore county, this became a half-way station between that place and Brownsville, where the Land Office was then located. Mr. Smith's house then became a popular stopping place for travelers, and for some time was the only one at this point.

Early Beginnings

the eastern part of section eleven, just east of the present village. In 1855, or thereabouts, Mr. Smith sold his stock of goods to Mr. Wm. Hinkley, who commenced the erection of a store about a half mile west of Smith's place, and soon moved in a stock of goods. The land he bought of Embrick Enudson.

The old building still remains and is used by Teman Gilbertson as a store room. In addition to groceries and general merchandise, Mr. Hinkley was a dealer in wines and liquors, which in those primitive days meant "whiskey straight." His supply in this line was kept in a little addition to the store, in which he slept, and the weary traveler passing the store any time in the night would gently tap on the window, pass in his bottle or jug with the "equivalent," and Hinkley would fill it without getting out of bed, and hand it baok to the grateful customer. After a while Mr. Hinkley removed to Riceford.

About this time Mr. William Fleming bought forty acres of land of Embrick Benson, paying him $100 for it, which was one hundred per cent, above the government price. This particular forty is the land on which most of the village now standH.

Mr. Fleming was a noted character in his way, keenly appreciating practical jokes and stories. He erected a large log building, his neighbors all turning out to assist, and making the occasion a holiday, and this house became a famous one in its day. It was the half-way house on the road to Brownsville, and a general stopping place where dances and parties were gathered. The house was always full, and it required considerable skill to stow away the extra guests always arriving. Men used to be required to sleep across the foot of the bed where there were two or three pointing in the other direction. At one time there were several gentlemen from St. Paul, and to make a bed wide enough to hold them, an annex to a bed was made up of a row of chairs in front, and as they proved to be too low, a lot of pumpkins were placed on them and they were thus brought up to the grade. After these men left they called it the "Pumpkin Tavern," and so Fleming took the hint, and he used to take a pumpkin and making a jack-o-lantern of it, place a candle inside and put it on a pole in front of his house as a sign, and of course no one could resist the temptation in those days to call in and take a drink. For many years it was known far and near as the "Pumpkin Tavern," and Mr. Fleming conducted it until his death long years ago, and it is said that his burial was the first adult American in town.

After some time Mr. Smith had his farm platted and laid out as a village site, but it was never so occupied and was finally sold to Mr. Bobert Mc- Oormiok, who kept a public house.

The next notable move here was the erection of a building for a saloon by Nick and Jesse Demering, of Caledonia, near the Fleming house, but it was soon abandoned as a saloon, and in 1857, Mr. Badger, of Madison, Wisconsin, put in a large and choice stock of general merchandise. This building was* on the present site of Mons. Fladager's old store. The business went on for a few months only, when the building was mysteriously burned, which was a serious loss, as the stock of goods was remarkably extensive for so new a country.

Soon after this a firm by the name of Tarfct & Smith came from Dorchester, Iowa, brought a stock of goods, and displayed them ill a building that is still standing in the east part of the section. After a few years they folded their tents, and silently returned from whence they came. The historic forty already alluded to, had passed into the hands of Peter Halverson, now residing in the town of Wilmington, who sold it to Mons Fladager in 1860, in the month of February, when he came here and identified himself with the interests of the village and town. At first he occupied the old log building formerly used as a tavern by Fleming. In 1864, he erected a neat frame building on the site of the Badger place and occupied this until November, 1881, when,having completed a fine brick building, he removed his goods thereto. Mr. Fladager is one of the leading merchants in the village and the oldest trader; in fact the only families within the present village limits when he came, were those of Mr. Hinkley and Bobert Mc- Cormick.

The location of the village is unexceptionally favorable, occupying level or gently sloping ground on the table before mentioned, supplied with an abundance of lime rock and brick clay for building purposes, while the rich agricultural country surrounding renders it one of the best points for trade in this portion of the State. A part of the original grove still remains on the north, which, besides adding to the natural beauty

Religious

The first religious service in town must have been as early as the fall of 1852 or '53, for the Norwegians who located here were a church-going and pious people, and their first efforts, after securing a place for a home, was to secure religious instruction, and at the time mentioned, a meeting, unquestionably the first in town, was held at the house of Mr. Even Evenson Haime, on section nine. The Bev. N. Brandt was the officiating clergyman. He came from Wisconsin, and has since been a professor in an Iowa college. Perhaps it was the next year when a clergyman from Washington Prairie, the Bev. V. Koren, held meetings at the house of G. Timanson, on section fifteen. It must have been in the spring of 1854, when a Sunday school was organized at the house of James Smith, whose wife was the inspiration of the whole movement, and took a leading part in the school, which was sometimes held at the house of O. Christiauson Steneroder, on section twelve. Mr. Balph L. Young, who had been among the Mormons, sometimes preached here. About that time a number of books were bought and quite a library was started, and many of the Norwegians eagerly took out books in the, vain hope of soon being able to read English, but the interest in the library soon waned, and it was abandoned.

The Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church. - The result of the various meetings held during the first years of the colony, and the anxiety of the people resulted in the organization of this church in 1856, the meeting for that purpose being held in the house of George Timanson. It was called "The Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Congregation of Norwegian Bidge." The extent of this parish was large, and included from beyond the Boot Biver to beyond the Little Iowa.

After the congregation had been regularly organized, a minister was sent for in the old country, and a memorandum in Bev. F. C. Clauson's own handwriting states that he "entered upon his voyage for America on the 22dof August, 1857, to accept the position of minister of the gospel in the congregations of Norwegian Bidge, in Minnesota, and Big Canoe, Iowa."

Mr. Clauson was born on Washington's birth day, 1810, and died on the 23d of October, 1870. so that his pastorate extended over a period of thirteen years. He was forty -seven years of age at the time of his entrance upon the work here, to which he devoted, with a rare skill and an untiring ' energy, the rest of his life. His loss was keenly felt, as he had secured the love, confidence, and esteem of the whole community. After his death, his family, a wife, one son, and a daughter, removed to Iowa and made a visit to Norway, but the daughter died on their way back to America.

The year after the organization of the church, a log house was built, 18x26 feet, on a fifty acre lot furnished by Mr. G. Timanson, who turned it over to the Society at the original government price, and the next year, 1857, when Mr. Clauson came, it was occupied as a parsonage, while the meetings were held in the old schoolhouse that is now the Town Hall.