Rochester City (part 2 of 4)

The twenty-fifth anniversary of Father Riordan's ordination was celebrated by the church in 1894, and the twenty-fifth anniversary of the commencement of his St. John's pastorate was celebrated on the twenty-seventh of June, 1906, by appropriate services at the church accompanied by the presentation of a set of elegant vestments, and at night by a banquet at Masonic Temple, at which citizens outside the church and the ministers of other churches were numerously represented ; speeches appreciative and eulogistic were made and the greatest goodwill and cordiality were shown.

A convent was established by the Sisters of St. Francis in 1877, under the charge of Mother Superior Alfred, and the Academy of Our Lady of Lourdes was established in 1878. Both of these and St. Mary's Hospital are under the management of the sisters. Mother Alfred died several years ago and is succeeded by Mother Superior Matilda, who is now the local head of the organization. The convent had at first about sixty sisters and has now 160. The academy has 160 scholars and is very ably conducted. The convent building, in which is included the academy, has been twice enlarged and now is an imposing pile of brick trimmed with stone, covering nearly an entire city block.

Mother Superior Mary Alfred was born in Germany in 1829 and died at St. Paul in 1899. She was a most efficient business manager and her able administration of the convent, the academy and St. Mary's Hospital and that of her successor. Mother Matilda, are fine examples of the capacity of women for the management of large business enterprises.

The Cascade water power, on that stream within the city, was improved in 1864 by John S. Humason and Gilbert Smith building a mill with two run of stone. About 1868 Captain Harkins became the proprietor, and about 187 1 it was sold to Lyman Tondro, who came from Iowa. He had enlisted in the Union army in that state and was wounded in battle by a shot through both hips, from which he has never recovered and often experienced much suffering, but was unusually active and energetic in business. He was elected alderman in 1884 and represented North Rochester in the council six years continuously. In November, 1889, he was appointed postmaster and held the office till March, 1894. After his service as postmaster he went to Alaska and has spent several years there. He is now in California temporarily. The mill has been in disuse several years.

The first passenger train from the East on the Winona & St. Peter railroad, now the Chicago & Northwestern, came into Rochester October 12, 1864, and with it came a new era of development for the little city and the whole county. The first conductor was George

The first three station agents in succession were : James McGrath, Charles Case and John C. Hamilton. After them George W. Van Dusen had charge of the station and the elevators, buying grain, till the merger of the Winona and St. Peter with the Qiicago & Northwestern Company, when, in 1874 Van Dusen bought the elevators and the grain business along the line of the road, and Charles Van Campen was appointed station agent, and is still in that position, having held it for the very long term of thirty-four years.

Charles Van Campen was born in New Jersey in 1843 was taken with his father's family to Illinois and brought up on a farm. He served in an Illinois regiment in the War of the Rebellion and carries a wounded arm as a badge of his service. He has been prominent in city affairs. He was alderman one term and a member of the Board of Education. He was for ten years from 1882 the official secretary of the County Agricultural Society, and was two years president of the International Ticket Agents' Association.

The Rochester Iron Works or foundry and machine shop, was established in 1865 by Edw^ard Chapman and William M. Purcis, who came from Plainview. They sold to Dexter Livermore, who was succeeded in 1869 by his son, Frederick D. Livermore, who built up an extensive business in the manufacture of engines and the making and repair of agricultural machinery. He was bom in New York City in 1841 and was an expert book printer. He came to Rochester in 1856 and worked on the Free Press and afterwards, at times, on the Post. When the Chicago Great Western railroad was built his iron works were sold to the company and demolished. The present freight office is on their site. He then retired from business and died in July, 1903.

The Rochester Library Association was organized in December, 1865, with J. D. Blake as president. A subscription of $1,000 was raised for the purchase of books. The highest subscription was that of J. D. Blake for $500. The other subscriptions ranged from $25 to $100. Among tHe contributors were: O. P. Whitcomb, W. D. Hurlbut, Dr. W. W. Mavo, Chadbourn & Whitney, Leonard & Booth, J. B. Clark, J. R. Cook, L. Walker and O. P. Stearns. It had a feeble existence for some time. After a few years the subscriptions by which it was supported failed and the books were kept in W. W. Ireland's store.

In 1875 ladies of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union took charge of it, and in 1883 the library association was reorganized as the Free Library and Reading Room Association, and Mrs. John Edgar was president several years. Other ladies prominent in its management were : Mesdames W. D. Hurlbut, Frances Cook,

C H. Chadbonrn, E. W. Cross, H. W. Garrett, Mrs. Sanford Niles and Miss Marion Sloan. A little money for its support was raised by entertainments. In 1886 the common council voted an appropriation of $200 for its support, and this sum was voted annually till 1 89 1, when $300 was voted and the library was made free. The city now appropriates $2,500 yearly to its support.

The library association was incorporated in 1885 and became a city institution with a board of trustees appointed by the mayor and confirmed by the council. The board appointed in 1895 by Mayor Allen was Burt. W. Eaton, president; T. H. Titus, Mrs. John Edgar, Walter Hurlbut, Mrs. E. W. Cross, E. A. Knowlton, Mrs. H. C. Butler, T. H. Bliss and Mrs. H. W. Garrett.

New life was put into the library by a bequest of $5,000 by Huber Bastian. He was a native of Philadelphia, born in 1844. He enlisted in a Pennsylvania regiment at the commencement of the Rebellion, was promoted to lieutenant, adjutant and aide de camp, and was wounded in the battle of Ball's Bluflf. He contracted consumption and came to Rochester in 1867 ^" enfeebled condition, but improved so in health that he lived till 1892. He possessed a competency, was well educated and of artistic tastes and was an excellent amateur painter and socially popular. He also bequeathed $1,000 to the Episcopal church.

An interesting episode in the history of the Library occurred in 1895. The Library was in need of money, as libraries always are. Col. George Healy, a Rochester resident of considerable wealth, had been solicited to make a donation to it. This he consented to do, but, being a free thinker, made it a condition of his gift that there should be liberality in the choice of books purchased as the result of his bounty. He offered, in writing, to donate $5,000 with the proviso that $500 of that amount should be applied to the purchase of books selected by him and that $50 should be expended every year for the purchase of books of the same character. The proposition was neither accepted nor rejected by the library board, but a committee was appointed, consisting of Burt W. Elaton, Timothy H. Bliss and Walter Hurlbut to confer with the colonel and see whether he would not modify his terms. The matter became a subject of public discussion. The churches generally were opposed to allowing the admission of heterodox books to the library. Rev. William Riordan, pastor of the Catholic church, and Rev. John Pringle, the Presbyterian minister, not only preached against, but. also, opposed it in the newspapers. Rev. Pringle was the leader in opposition to it. Rev. George P. Avery, Methodist minister, preached against it. Rev. E. P. Robertson, the Methodist presiding elder, objected only to the works of Paine and Ingersoll; Rev. L. D. Boynton, Universalist minister, favored acceptance of the gift.

The result of the conference with the committee was that Colonel Healy withdrew his first offer and made another written offer, somewhat modified and dropping the requirement of the yearlyexpenditure of $50. In it he said **I desire that the Library shall also contain books and reading matter of a liberal nature for the benefit of those who may desire to use them * * * This donation is made upon these conditions. First, that no literary work or book of any kind shall be barred or excluded from the Public Library of the city of Rochester by reason of its religious teachings, doctrines or views, if such books are not immoral * * * * It is my desire that as a part of the books to be purchased by your board with the money which shall be donated by me, there shall be included the works of Thomas Paine, Robert G. Ingersoll and works of a similar nature."

The Library board was so evenly divided that the donation was accepted by only one majority on a vote by the full board. The affirmative votes were by Burt W. Eaton, T. H. Bliss, Walter Hurlbut, Mrs. H. C. Butler and Mrs. E. W. Cross; the negative votes were by E. A. Knowlton, T. H. Titus, Mrs. John Edgar and Mrs. H. W. Garrett.

The money was paid over to the board and the community, apparently, does not care what kind of books are in the Library if only there are plenty of novels.

The Library building, at the corner of Zumbro and Main streets, is one of the most beautiful public buildings in the city; a modern two-story brick structure, thoroughly adapted to its users and handsomely finished externally and internally. It cost $15,000, of which all but the $5,000 Bastian bequest was appropriated by the city. It was opened and dedicated in March, 1898.

The Library now includes 10,000 volumes. The present librarian is Miss Louise Fernald, a graduate of the Pratt Institute, of Brooklyn, and the assistant librarian. Miss Edna Emerick, a daughter of John P. Emerick, deceased, a pioneer carpenter of the city. She has been a librarian of the Library for twenty-five years.

The Library was again benefitted by an endowment of $20,000 from the estate of Walter Hurlbut, who had been a director in the Library board a number of years, and its vice president, and who died in California in 1905, while visiting there. He died without making a will, but his widow, Mrs. Ella Hurlbut, who was his sole heir at law, notified the Library board that, knowing that it had been his intention to bequeath $20,000 to the Library, she would carry out his wishes the same as if he had made the will ; and she has done so.

Walter Hurlbut was the son of William D. Hurlbut, a prominent early settler of Rochester. He was born in Ohio in 1847, came to Rochester in 1858. He was assistant cashier in the First

History Of Olmsted Couxty

National Bank and became cashier. He went to Minneapolis and was there three years as manager of the National Bank of Commerce. Returning to Rochester he was cashier and vice president of the First National Bank, from which he retired in 1899, after thirty-four years in the banking business. He was a member of the Library board from 1895 till his death. He had leisure and literary tastes and was devoted to the Library.

The Norwegian Evangehcan Lutheran church was organized March 9, 1865, with Rev. L. Steen the first pastor. He was succeeded in 1869 by Rev. J. A. Thorson, who was also pastor of St. Olaf's Churchy in Rock Dell. He was followed in 1879 by Rev. O. Felland, and he in 1883 by Rev. O. T. Winter. In 1894 Rev. J. A. Linedvvold came, and in 1902 Rev. A. G. Kuamen, who resigned January i, 1908. The membership of the church comprises twenty families. A lot, at the corner of Zumbro and Franklin streets, has been purchased for the erection of a handsome new church.

The Zumbro river indulged in one of its worst freshets the first week in August, 1866. A few days of continuous rains had raised all the tributaries and the stream itself for above the banks, and after a heavy rain all night the flood came. The flat on the west side of the river, now Mayo Park, after lying unsettled for years and apparently above any probable rise of the stream, had that season been built on and three comfortable houses were occupied by families well satisfied with their homes, but in the night the waters surrounded them and by morning had flooded their houses and they were all compelled to take refuge in the branches of the big oak trees near the houses and were found there by neighbors in the morning. They were John Sullivan, his wife and two children, Owen and Margaret; Thomas Carroll, his wife and his sons, James, Charles and Thomas, and Chauncey Williamson and wife and daughter, Mary. They were all rescued in boats, but the homes were ruined and the flat ceased to be a residence district and was again devoted to pasturage. Williamson died some years ago, Mr. Carroll was for years postmaster at Carrollsville, where he died, and John Sullivan was for years baggage master at the Chicago & Northwestern depot and is still living.

A single case of Asiatic cholera has been known in Rochester. A Norwegian immigrant, passing through here, was attacked with the disease in August, 1866, and died at the City Hotel.

The Federal Union was established in November, 1866, with H. S. Knapp, from Ohio, as editor. He conducted it till 1869, when he was succeeded by Nelson D. Porter, from Ohio, who was succeeded in about a year by H. H. Young, who came from Le Seuer. In 1874 it was consolidated with the Minnesota Record.

In the fall of 1866 the Union and Turaverein were organized by a few German residents of the city. In 1872 the Social Tumverein was consolidated with the Union, under the name of the Grerman Library Association. The first officers were William Oker, B. Schwartz, L. Harris, J. G. Karlen, H. Kalb, H. Schuster and E. Neumann. The society has very pleasant rooms in Rommell's Block, on Broadway, including reading room, billiard room, reception room and a large hall, which is perhaps more used for dancing than any other in the city.

The social features of the association, which include an annual masked ball and a family Christmas celebration, are marked by genuine German sociability.

William H. Dodge, a native of New York state, was born in 1821. He came to Rochester in 1867 established a lumber yard in partnership with E. E. Youmans, whom he bought out in 1869. He built up a large business and was highly esteemed. He was an alderman for two terms and four terms a member of the Board of Education. He died in February, 1907.

The Salem church of the Evangelical Association, German, was organized in 1868, in a mission with Kasson, Pleasant Grove and Mantorville. The first pastor was Rev. G. H. Knebel, who staid one year. He was succeeded by Rev. E. H. Bauman, and he by Rey. L. von Walt, each staying one year. Rev. G. Simon came in 1871 and staid till 1873. Rev. E. J. Hilscher staid from 1873 to 1875, when Rev. C. W. Sydow came and staid till 1878, when Rev. Conrad Ordlie came and staid till 1881, when Rev. M. Knopf came and staid till 1883. Rev. J. L. Stegner staid from 1883 to 1885; Rev. W. Lenz from 1885 to 1886; Rev. J. Gougall from 1886 to 1887, and Rev. F. Mode from 1887 to 1890, after w^hich the church was unsupplied till 1892, when Rev. E. J. Hilscher was again appointed and staid till 1895. Rev. A. Reeck came in 1895 and staid till 1898, when Rev. H. Hensel came and staid till 1902, and was succeeded by Rev. C. W. Walthausen, who was succeeded in 1905 by Rev. A. G. Sahr, and he in 1906 by Rev. S. R. Twig, who is now the pastor. The church has a comfortable small church building and has thirty-six members.

Joseph H. Wagoner came with his father's family from Pennsylvania, where he was born in 1844. They located in Haverhill in 1856 and soon after moved into Rochester. He was engaged several years in the pump well drilling and house moving business. He enlisted in the Fifth Minnesota Regiment. In 1868 he began dealing in sewing machines and organs and later in pianos, in which he developed a large business extending throughout the surrounding country. He has been prominent in city affairs and was four times elected alderman and once mayor and was a trustee of the insane hospital. He was appointed postmaster in 1883 and filled the office very satisfactorily one term. He died in March, 1898. His son, Carl Wagoner, is successor to the business.

Dennis H. Williams came to Rochester in 1868 and engaged in the agricultural machinery business in partnership with J. Franklin Van Dooser. After a short partnership he carried on the business alone and is still in it, having a very large establishment. He was born in Ohio in 1832 and served in an Ohio regfiment, advancing from first lieutenant to colonel, and served about a year in the regular army at the close of the War of the Rebellion. He was three times elected mayor of Rochester and was on the board of education continuously from 1886 to 1896.

George Leonard came from Massachusetts in 1868. He was a native of that state, born in 1816. He established a shoe store and started a tannery, which was discontinued. He was a highly respected business man. He died in 1893. His son, George E. Leonard, who was born in Massachusetts in 1849, came in 1885 followed the same business. He was an alderman one term and died in 1897.

Cook's Hotel, when built in 1869, only four-story building in the place, and costing about $80,000, was so much greater than the town that it was a few years before a satisfactory landlord could be found for it. Carlos A. Merrill, from Indiana, opened it in 1874. In 1879 A. Linsley became the landlord, and D. C. Miller, from Ann Arbor, ran it from 1881 to 1896, when Henry Kahler and son took it. Eight months later John H. Kahler succeeded his father and has ever since conducted it. Under his management the business of the hotel has grown greatly, at first as the stopping place of commercial travelers and later as a refuge for patients and their friends coming to St. Mary's Hospital. The influx of that class of guests has been so great that they were turned away almost nightly from all the hotels and lodged in private houses. Cook's Hotel was enlarged and remodeled in 190 1 at a cost of $30,000 and its capacity has been increased a third, till now it can accommodate 120 guests.

Mr. Kahler has further added to the hotel capacity of the city by building the Kahler, a large brick sanitarium of three stories, accommodating seventy-five guests. It was made by enlarging and changing the commodious residence of E. A. Knowlton to a threestory brick building of imposing size and most thorough and elaborate finish. It was opened in May, 1907.

John H. Kahler is a native of Canada, reared in Michigan and came to Rochester from Northfield. He has shown remarkable enterprise as a hotel manager.

from Highland Prairie, was the pastor for a year. In 1871 the old Baptist church, the pioneer church of the city, was bought and moved to Fifth street. It was moved again in 1882 to the present location at Prospect and Third streets. It has been enlarged and improved and is a good-looking wooden church. Rev. Jensen was succeeded in a year by Rev. G. Amundson, who served four years, and was succeeded by Rev. D. Gjertsen, from St. Paul, a scholarly and eloquent preacher. He was followed in eight years by Rev. J. H. Blagen, who was succeeded in 1885 by Rev. R. Anderson, who was succeeded in 1896 by Rev. H. A. Urseth. who staid till 1899. Rev. O. J. Flagstad came in 1901 and staid till 1904, when he was followed by Rev. A. Oftedal, who is yet the popular pastor of the church. It has a membership of 150.

The cigar making industry has been a prominent one in the city. August Boetter was the first to start a factory in 1869, ^"d conducted it several years. C. Neuseus was an early manufacturer and kept the business up a number of years. There are now four factories conducted by Henry Ungemach, Ulrich Saxer, Paul Schulz and Oscar Paulson. Ungemach & Schroeder started a factory and Ungemach bought out Schroeder in 1885. Ulrich Saxer started a factory in 1892. Paul Schulz started a factory in partnership with John Stetor in 1896 and Schulz assumed the business in 1900. Oscar Paulson started a factory in 1904. The four factories employ thirty cigarmakers, who make 1,500,000 cigars a year.

Henry Ungemach is a native of Germany, born in 1855, and came to Rochester from Milwaukee in 1876. He was alderman-atlarge in 1892 and 1893.

Paul Schulz was born in Germany in 1873 came to Rochester with his parents in 1882. He has served two terms as alderman and is now a member of the Board of Public Utilities.

The Central Record was established in 1870 by C. R. Conway and purchased in January, 1873, by A. W. Blakely. In March, 1874, the Federal Union was purchased by Mr. Blakely, and the two papers consolidated under the name of the Record and Union. H. H. Young, S. D. Hillman and Rev. C. T. Coerr were, at times, interested with Mr. Blakely in the paper, but since 1880 Mr. Blakely has been sole proprietor with, lately, his son, Clarence W., as a partner. A daily issue of the Record and Union was established in January, 1893, and ran till July, 1894, when it was discontinued because of Mr. Blakely becoming postmaster. In 1899 the Record and Union was consolidated with the Post, and is now published daily and weekly as the Post and Record. It ranks as one of the leading papers of the state outside the large cities.

Amherst Willoughby Blakely was born in the state of New York in 1842 and came to Rochester with his brother, David Blakely, in 1859, and learned the printing trade. He was a clerk in the postoffice, under J. A. Leonard, in 1861, and clerk in the commissary department in Arkansas, under his brother, Capt. C. H. Blakely, in 1864, was reporter on the Chicago Post and returned to Rochester and purchased the Record. He was appointed postmaster in 1893, and served one term.

Clarence \\\ Blakely is a son of A. W. Blakely, bom at Davenport, Iowa, in 1867, and came to Rochester with his parents in 1872. He learned printing with his father and has been constantly associated with him in the business as manager and editor. He has served as alderman and is now a director of the Public Library.

The German Lutheran church was organized in 1868 by Rev. Krumsig with four members : Frederick Seikert and Theodore H. Adler, the well known clothing firm, and two brothers Bundemuhl. Rev. Krumsig remained about five years and was succeeded by Rev. Louis Schenk, who staid about three years and was succeeded by Rev. G. Schaaf, who in about a year was succeeded by Rev. H. Schmidt in 1880 and he in 1881, by his brother, Rev. C. Schmidt, who in 1884 was succeeded by Rev. C. Nichels, from Lakefield, Jackson county, who is still in charge.

A handsome church building was erected at the corner of Fifth and Prospect streets in 1894; a frame building, of fine proportions and prettily finished.

R. Milo Jacks came from Wisconsin about 1870 and was roadmaster for the Chicago & Northwestern railroad. He established the first line of hacks in 1881 and sold, in 1891 to Alvah Van Campen, who is still in the business. The great number of strangers arriving in the city by every train has created a great demand for the vehicles and they are a prominent feature of the city. Thomas Kennedy has also a large line of hacks. There are now twenty hacks in this city.

Mr. Jacks became manager of the gas works. He was elected alderman in 1888 and served four years. He removed from Rochester and was engaged in railroading in Wisconsin, and now lives in the Isle of Pines in the West Indies.*

Steuben Lodge, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, was instituted July, 1870, with twenty members. The officers were J. G. Zimmerman, J. Koonsmuller, Fred Pamperin, B. Schwartz, L. Harris, G. Hargesheimer, H. Schuster and M. Levy. It was conducted in the German language and was quite flourishing for some years, but the distinctive Germanism dwindled with the lapse of time and it was merged with the older American lodge.

The Germans of Rochester showed their sympathy with the fatherland by a celebration in September, 1870, of the capture of the French army and emperor. A torch-light procession of about 100 men, with a band, led to a meeting at Morton Hall, where enthusiastic speeches were made and more than $150 were raised for the relief of families of German soldiers.

The growth of the city, mostly of frame buildings, led, in December, 1870, to the organization of a fire department. The reliance for protection had been till that time on the extemporized bucket brigade of all villages, and later a hose long enough for use in the center of Broadway and attached to the engine in the stone mill, but a real fire department was organized by the common council at this time, a steam fire engine purchased and named the Little Giant, and an engine house built for it over the race beside the mill, with a second story used as a hall for the council. It was torn down in 1901. The chief engineer was Stewart B. Clark, and the assistant Archibald B. Ellithorpe. Warren W. Doty was engineer in charge of the engine and Theodore H. Kellogg his assistant. The organization was a good one and did efficient service till the installation of the present system of stationary hydrants, which was installed with the establishment of the waterworks in 1886.

A paid fire department on a small scale was established in 1902. The fire marshal, or chief, was allowed $300 a year and call men $48 a year. The system now consists of street hydrants well distributed throughout the city, hose carts drawn by horses, with an ample supply of hose, a central fire station with accommodations for the firemen and one electric alarm system which was installed in 1900. The central station was built in 1898 from plans by John M. Doherty. It is a rather low two-story building of brick, with a tall, slim tower penetrating the atmosphere from the gable front and holding a clock and a flag staflF, upholding an electric lamp, like a beacon light. It is well adapted to its uses and is a quaint foreign looking building, that might have been the town hall of some old European town picked up there and set down at the foot of Broadway.

A small and neat station for a hose company, with a tower and alarm bell, is maintained in North Rochester, near the Northwestern railroad station.

The department, as it now exists, is very efficient and has given the city a protection that is extraordinary for a town of its size. The chief, John Boylhart, is to be credited with much of this efficiency, though he is ably supported by the whole force. He is a Pennsylvanian and came to Rochester in 1875 worked at blacksmithing several years. There has never been a widespread fire in the citv. It is wonderful that a town of perhaps eight

The Vedder Block, a large two-story building, was erected by Albert D. Vedder on Broadway in 1870. He was bom in New York state in 1832, moved to Wisconsin when seventeen years pld and took a farm in High Forest township in 1858. In 1866 he moved to Rochester and went into the farm machinery business with Loren O. Button, a High Forest fanner, who afterwards moved to Mankato. Mr. Vedder was twice elected alderman. He died in September, 1892.

The most disastrous fire in the history of the city was in the night in January, 1870. It started in the shoe store of J. Koonsniuller on Broadw^ay and destroyed that building and the grocery store of Crocker & Younglove, the hardware store of Ozmun & Son and the jewelry store of E. Damon. The total loss amounted to $50,000. Brick buildings replaced the wooden ones burned up. Nearly all new towns have clearing out fires, but Rochester has been fortunate in that respect.

In the original plat of the town, which was thought ample, provision for a public square was made by reserving a block of about three acres on Main street for that purpose. It is quite centrally located and, under the name of Central Park, it has been made a pretty little place, with grass walks, trees, a few shrubs, a fountain and a band stand where the band plays about once a week in the summer. And in platting North Rochester, Franklin street was expanded into a large oval shaped reserved space named Cascade Park, but the town has not grown around it, it has been but little improved, and as a park is but little used, having the appearance of a neglected small common, and bears the nick name of Goose-egg Park.

The project of a large public park was agitated for years, generally in connection with the improvement of the vacant land along the Zumbro river and Bear creek, which has not been built on because subject to overflow, in freshets.

As long ago as 1871 Dr. J. M. Williams, J. D. Blake and Allen K. Williams, formed a company for the damming of Bear creek at College street and the making of a substantial road and development of a water power. They asked the common council to advance $9,000 for the purpose, to be reimbursed by the projectors. The proposition was strongly advocated, but failed to carry. The most zealous advocate of the scheme was Dr. W. W. Mayo. In 1882 when he was mayor, he urged the plans. His project was to make an artificial lake of Bear creek by damming it about College street and making a park of the surrounding sand lots. At several different times the plan was revived, but never secured the full approval of the council. At one time a landscape engineer was obtained from St. Paul, who reported, after investigation, that the expense of damming the creek would be so great as to be prohibitive because of quicksand. The idea of a lake was dropped, but the talk of a park was kept up. The council went so far as to vote to purchase land and to name the proposed park Mayo Park. So the matter stood when the Commercial Club invited M. C. Loring, of MinneapoHs, who is known as the father of the park system ot that city, to come here and look the ground over. He spoke very enthusiastically of the proposed location as having in it the making of a splendid park. A public meeting was called in the Metropolitan Theater June 25, 1904, and .there it was announced the Drs. W. J. and C. H. Mayo had donated to the city $5,000 for public improvements, it being understood that it would be used for a park and Mr. John R. Cook added a donation of $1,000 for the same* purpose. A board of park commissioners was appointed, consisting of Philip G. Heintz, W. Logan Brackenridge, John M. Rowley and Bert Whiting, and a commission was appointed who condemned the land wanted and Rochester had a park. The land taken consists chiefly of a flat on the west bank of the Zumbro river in the very heart of the city, used as a pasture by A. T. Stiltins and Ralph Bailey and that had lain unimproved because subject, at the occasional intervals when the Zumbro got on a rampage, to freshets, that swept everything off the surface. In addition to this flat the east bank of the river, which is high and dry on all occasions, was also taken for a boulevard and driveway. The whole park includes about eleven acres and extends from Fourth to Third streets and from Liberty street across the river.

A beginning was made by building a couple of bath houses, bridges and a band stand, buying boats, fitting up a tennis ground, and setting out trees, and the building of a park was fairly under way when, on June 23, 1908, there occured one of those freshets, in which the Zumbro revels. A thunder storm, extending for miles around Rochester and in which the rain came down all night in torrents, raised the river, flooding all low places, the water rising not less, than fifteen feet above the usual level, poured in an irresistable flood, over the flat and the season's improvements, amounting to several thousand dollars, were swept down stream, only the band stand being spared, and the park left a total wreck. Those wise persons, the old settlers,, who had shaken their heads when the improvements were begun and they recalled the former freshets that had careened over the flat and the time when three families had their houses carried away on a night and themselves lodged in trees, had their opportunity of saying, *T told you so.'*

The freshet extended as far as Stewartville, raising the Root river there and carrying out bridges in the vicinity and tore up the railroad between there and Rochester and damaged the Chicago

The Drs. Mayo gave orders for the work of reconstruction to begin at once and the morning after the flood men and teams were at work and the park was fully restored and is a most convenient and excellent pic-nic and recreation ground in the most central and accessible locality, and despite the probable necessity of rebuilding at future intervals of several years, it must be a great every day public convenience.

The Drs. Mayo, in 1906, made another donation to the city of a tract of land on College Hill, purchased by them from the owners. It comprises about two city blocks between College and Zumbro streets, is the highest point in the city, and commands a very picturesque view, for miles around, of the Zumbro and its tributary valleys and, when improved, will make a most beautiful park. The Mayos gave $1,000 in addition to the land, and John R. Cook $1,000. Improvement has also been commenced on this park. Ample land has been secured for the city and sometime in the far future, when it shall have become older and richer, it may have a beautiful park system.

In March, 1908, Drs. Mayo proposed to the city that if it would surrender to the park board the lot belonging to the city, opposite the Chicago Great Western depot, known as the Market Square, they would purchase the premises of Dr. Edward H. Kalb, adjoining on the east, for which they paid $4,000, and give it to the city for an addition to the park, and would also donate $6,000 for park improvements. The offer was promptly and unanimously accepted, adding about half a block of high land to the park.

The homicide of a negro boy by a white boy occurred June 22, 1 87 1. James Willis, about nineteen years old, a negro apprentice to H. W. Gray, a mulatto barber, undertook to collect pay from Henry Stevens, a white barber from Wabasha, of about the same age, working with Fred Pamperin. In the quarrel that resulted the negro struck the white boy over the head with the guitar and whipped him in a fight. They separated and soon afterward Stevens, angered at having been whipped by a negro, borrowed a revolver, on a pretext, from Ole Assleson, a bartender, and meeting Willis on the street, picked a quarrel with him, in which both were very abusive and Stevens shot Willis three times, killing him. Stevens was tried in the district court. Judge Waterman presiding. He was prosecuted by County Attorney Start and defended by Hon. E. A. McMahon, and C. Smith Andrews, of Rochester, and L. S. Campbell, of Wabasha. He was found guilty of manslaughter in the second degree and served a sentence of four years and three months in the state penitentiary.

building, with six runs of stone, located near the present site of the Tollefson furniture store at the head of Broadway. It was under the management of Mr. Hulbert, who came from the East, was run a few years and discontinued. It stood vacant a few^ years longer and was burned down in 1889.

Xoah Wilkins was elected alderman for the third ward in 1875, and was afterwards elected at different times serving Lower town altogether, eight terms. He was born in Vermont in 1836, and came to Salem township at an early day and moved to Rochester, where he was a carpenter. He died in 1902.

Thomas P. Hall came to Rochester in 1876, from Chicago, and established the carriage factory, w-hich he is still conducting. He is a native of Canada, born in 1847. He worked at his trade three years in California and was four years foreman of a factory in Chicago. He is public spirited and popular and has been twice elected alderman.

Ashler Lodge, No. 23, Ancient Order of United Workmen, was organized August 25, 1878. The first officers were William Elliott, G. W. Nichols, S. A. Hickcox, L. W. Newberry, J. Elford, G. P. Johnson, W. j. Tolar, R. Dyson, R. L. Emerick, O. S. Thompson. The lodge grew- rapidly, and in November, 1887, dedicated its own hall, a neat two-story brick building, costing about $4,000.

Secret benificiary societies for insurance in death, sickness or accident have l)een very popular in the city and throughout the county. Among them are. the Ancient Order of Hibernians, Knights of Columbus. Danish Brotherhood, Sons of Norway, Modern Woodmen of America, Modern Samaritans, Royal Arcanum, Knights of Maccabees, Mystic Toilers, Equitable Fraternal Union, Modern P>rotherhood of .America, Red Men, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and Independent Order of Eagles. There seems to be, as yet, no abatement in the popularity of that sociable form of insurance.

A pop factory, for the manufacture of areated waters, was started by Theodore Schwartz and, in 1878, w-as bought by Mienard Fakler, w-ho came from Winona. He has enlarged and improved the establishment, has an increasing business and now employs three persons in the summer and sells 600 cases of bottles in a month.

Henry Kalb, who came to Rochester in the spring of 1856, is one of the most conspicuous citizens. He was born in Germany in 1833, came to America in 1854 and located at Dixon, Illinois, coming from their to Rochester, where he kept a boot and shoe shop. He was elected city marshal in 1877 served in that capacity continuously for twenty-three years to the perfect satisfaction of the community. In 1902 he w^as appointed city clerk and is now in that position.

A notable event in the career of Marshal Kalb was his killing of Dan Ganey, a gambler and burglar. At 4 o'clock Sunday morning, June 15, 1879, marshal was called upon by Village Marshal Schwarg, of Kasson, who had followed Ganey from that place, where he had escaped arrest for a burglary committed at Owatonna. Ganey was at the Norton House, and Kalb arrested him there at breakfast and was taking him to the Winona House, at the corner of Fifth and Main streets, where Schwarg was waiting for him. At the corner of pifth street and Broadway Ganey, who had been walking quietly beside the marshal, turned to run down Broadway, and pulling a revolver, said to the marshal "You go!" but Kalb stood his ground and Ganey fired, just missing his cheek; the marshal returned the fire, but missed his man. Ganey then ran behind Mullin's grocery store, on the corner, and fired again, missing the officer the second time, but the marshal's second shot was better aimed, penetrating Ganey's chest and killing him instantly. The public appreciation of Kalb's cool courage was shown by the presentation to him of a fine gold watch and chain from the citizens.

On the burglar's person were found, besides burglar's tools, a watch stolen in Owatonna, and other articles, a valuable diamond shirt stud, which had been stolen from the residence of Governor C. K. Davis at St. Paul. The govemer sent the marshal a hand-^ some gold -mounted ebony cane.

Marshal Kalb, though quietly unassuming, was strict in the enforcement of the law, and with the tramp and toughs, who were numerous in those days, his word was law. They held him in the same reverence as did a couple of College street youngsters of that mischievous age when they had earned a neighborhood reputation for youthful naughtiness. Bob was heard to say to his comrade after a suggestion of some prank, "We could have a good time, couldn't we, Willie, if it wasn't for Marshal Kalb and God."

A thunder storm on June 23. 1882, caused a rise in the water of the Zumbro river the next day that was probably the greatest of that river's outbreaks. The stream rose for a while at the rate of four feet an hour and was an irresistible torrent. There was no loss of life or accident to persons, but there were bad washouts of the banks of the stream in the city and on nearby farms, and much loss of live stock and other property.

A man who did more in his way than any other to build up the city, was David Elliott, a carpenter and architect. He was bom in Pennsylvania in 1843, ^'^s taken to Illinois when a child and came to Rochester in 1873. In 1883 he began planning and building residences for sale besides contracting for business houses. Since that time he. within twenty years, added 225 to the comfortable and handsome homes in different parts of the town and found a sale for them about as fast as they could be finished. He died in July, 1908. It is estimated that the city has grown for a few years past, at the rate of fifty new homes a year.

The City Hall was built in 1884, Horace E. Horton, the architect. It is a pretty brick building, of two stories, with rooms for the meeting of the common council, a court room for the city justice, an office for the recorder and a police station with a lock-up, and is, altogether, a convenient home for the city, though not as large as it ought to be.

During the wheat growing period of Olmsted county, which may be considered as lasting from 1856 to about 1885, Rochester was the greatest wheat market of southern Minnesota, which was the wheat region then, in fact, of the state. It was well designated the farming capital of the state. It was claimed that it was the greatest primary wheat market in the country. Such a claim as that is easier made than proven, but it is doubtful whether there was more wheat bought directly from the farmers, in those days, anywhere else. In August, 1865, in one day, 10,600 bushels were received at the elevators and 40,000 bushels in three days, and in November of the same year the receipts of one day were 11,500 bushels, estimated to be 287 wagon loads. Three hundred and forty thousand .seven hundred and ninety-eight bushels were received at the elevators from September 2 to November 13, 1867, and in October of that year from $10,000 to $11,000 were paid out daily for wheat. The receipts in May, 1870, were 95,000 bushels. During four days in July, 1870, John Shannon bought 78,084 bushels, paying from $1.08 to $1.10 a bushel.

At times, it was a common sight, near the elevators, to see from three to half a dozen buyers around a farmer^s wagon inspecting his wheat and bidding against each other for it.

The growing of wheat has moved farther west with the tide of emigration, and it is now one of the least important crops raised here. None is bought at the elevators and but little from around here at the mills. There is probably not more than 90,000 bushels a year grown in the whole county. Wheat growing has been superseded by more profitable farm industries.

Wheat buying, which included dealing in other grains, was, at that time, the leading business, bringing more farmers to the towns and disbursing more money than any other. The firm of Van Dusen & Company did one of the largest businesses in that line in the state. Starting in Rochester they became proprietors of elevators at the main points on the Chicago & Northwestern and other railroads in Minnesota and Dakota.

George W. Van Dusen is a native of the state of New York, bom in 1826. He moved to Wisconsin in 1849, where he was a farmer and grain buyer. He came to Rochester in 1864 and was in the dry goods firm of Barden, Baldwin & Van Dusen, which went out of business after five years, when he was station agent and grain buyer for the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad Company. He then formed a grain buying partnership with C. H. Chadboum, of the Rochester National Bank. A. Gooding was later a partner. The headquarters of the firm were at Rochester till the increasing extent of the business lead to its removal to Minneapolis. The business was sold to' a British syndicate for whom Mr. Van Dusen managed it several years, and a few years ago retired from active business. The syndicate has been succeeded by Van Dusen & Harrington, of Minneapolis, Frederick Van Dusen being a son of George W., and Charles M. Harrington, long connected with the old firm. George W. Van Dusen has been recognized as a business man of superior ability. When a resident of Rochester he served as alderman and mayor and since a resident of Minneapolis he has spent much of his time in Rochester, his old home.

Samuel Whitten was a prominent grain buyer. He was born in Ireland in 1834 and came to America in his childhood. He was employed six years in the Singer Sewing Machine Works in Jersey City and served as sergeant in a three months New Jersey regiment at the beginning of the War of the Rebellion. He came to Winona in the latter part of 1861 and to Rochester the following year and became a wheat buyer. In 1874 he built an elevator and did a large business in grain buying, part of the time in partnership with Edward F. Judd, from Connecticut, who came to Rochester in 1868 and who died in 1885. Mr. Whitten died in September, 1890. He was the alderman for North Rochester ten years and mayor four years. He was social, popular, public-spirited and very generous and benevolent. His death was a great loss to the very poor of Lower Town, of which he was the patron, though not a patron saint.

It is said that when Whitten and Judge McMahon first met, the judge, as was his wont with new comers, asked Sam as to his antecedents: When he was born and was answered "in Ireland"; what was his politics, and was answered "Republican'' ; what was his religion and was answered "Methodist." "The queerest combination I ever heard of," said the judge; "an Irishman, a Republican and a Methodist."

N. John Shannon was a street buyer several years and one of the best known residents of Rochester. He became traveling inspector of Van Dusen & Company's elevators, and moved to Minneapolis, but was a frequent welcome visitor here, on his inspection tours. He died in 1907. While living here he was for three terms a member of the city board of education and four terms alderman.

William Henry Lesuer was a son of David Lesuer, a pioneer merchant. He was a street buyer several years, went to Minneapolis where he was employed in a elevator and came back to Rochester in 1902 and died here in December, 1906.

Anderson Whiting and T. A. Whiting, from Wisconsin, built an elevator in 1872. Anderson Whiting died a number of years ago and the business of grain buying and coal selling was carried on by T. A. Whiting till his retirement in 1905. He is still Hving in the city at an advanced age, highly respected. He was a California pioneer. He was member of the board of education nine years in succession.

Andrew Doig was elected an alderman in the spring of 1886, and served two terms. He is a native of Scotland, born in 1834, came to America in 1850 and to Minnesota in 1856 and a few years later to Rochester, where he has followed his trade of marble cutter. He was several years in partnership with J. J. Casseday, and afterwards with Henry Haskins, since whose death he has had no partner. As an alderman he was public spirited and practical.

By the year 1886 the necessity for the establishment of city waterworks had become thoroughly apparent, and the common council, after spending several months in discussion of the matter, advertised for bids and finally granted a franchise for the establishment of a system by Moffit, Hodgins & Clark, of Watertown, New York. The system as adopted \yas supported by Mayor O. S. Porter and Aldermen A. Nelson, W. W. Mayo, J. H. Wagoner, and A. Doig and opposed by Aldermen Tondro and Noah Wilkins, of North Rochester, who contended for a less expensive system. The system consists of wells on the bank of Bear creek on the eastern edge of the city, from which the water is forced by steam power to a stand pipe, sixty-five feet high on College Hill an elevation on the west limit of the city overlooking it, about seventy-five feet above the level of the business center, from which the water is distributed in mains, with hydrants in the streets for fire protection. It furnishes an ample supply for domestic uses and, with the very efficient fire department, is very satisfactory. The present manager, Mark G. Holmes, is a son of Frank Holmes, deceased, a pioneer settler of Kalmar, and later a pump manufacturer in Rochester. Mark spent his boyhood in Rochester, was employed several years in the construction department of the Northern Pacific railroad, and came back to Rochester.

The Olmsted County Democrat, a weekly newspaper, was established in May, 1886, by Cyrus Elliott, and his son, Charles H. Elliott, as a weekly paper and in June, 1891, a daily edition was started under the title of the Rochester Daily Bulletin, It was the first permanent daily in the city and its establishment was at that time quite a venture. Both the weekly and daily have been successfully conduced and rank well with the papers of the state. Rochester is probably the only town of its size in the state that has but two newspapers. Archie P. Gove is city editor of the Bulletin.

Cyrus Elliott was bom in Pennsylvania in 1839 and moved to . Illinois, where he was a merchant and was a newspaper puWisher from 1875 1885, when he came to Rochester.

Archie P. Gove is a son of Royal H. Gove, deceased. He was born in Rochester in 1874 and graduated from the Rochester High School. He has been with the Bulletin since 1895. He is a very popular young man. Is a member of the Library board and chancelor commander of the Pythian lodge.

Robert Elliott came to Rochester in 1864, became street commissioner in 1887 and kept the thoroughfares in order thirteen years. He was born in the north of Ireland in 1844 and came to Minnesota from Canada. He is now a contractor.

The Rochester Benevolent Society was organized in October, 1887, and has been in operation ever since. Its object is the relief of the poor of the city and it is supported by contributions of many and of clothing, which is distributed once a week in the winter. There is very little absolute poverty in the city, but the society has done much good within its limited scope.

The use of the electric light was inaugurated in Rochester in January. 1888, by the Rochester Light & Power Company. Most of the business houses were made brilliant by the then novel incandescent lights and some of the streets were illuminated by arc lights. The opinion became prevalent that the company was charging the city too much and the council determined to embark in the experiment of municipal ownership. As in the case of all proposed new public enterprises, there was much opposition to the venture, but a decided majority of the council was in favor of it and bids for the establishment of a plant advertised for and a contract awarded to the Western Electric Company, of Chicago, at $15,531. The work was completed and the lights turned on in March, 1894, the total cost being $21,000. ^The streets have been lighted and the people supplied by the city with electricity for light and for power. The general convenience of the light has been undoubted, but the economy to the city has been a debatable proposition, never satisfactorily settled, though the preponderance of opinion has been that private consumers have got their Hght and power cheaper than the city could afford to supply it, and that the city would better have bought its electricity. Rochester has not appeared to be adapted to municipal ownership.

Arthur L. Gove died October 20, 1888. He was a son of R. H. Gove, and was born in Vermont in 1854 and came with his father's family to Rochester in 1866. He was educated in the city schools, graduating in the high school, studied law with his father, was admitted to the bar, and practiced with C. M. Start till the latter was made judge, after which he practiced alone till his death, in the midst of a most promising career. He ranked high in both ability and character, and his early death was a great loss to the community.

In 1888 Thomas Spillane was appointed city attorney, to succeed W. Logan Brackenridge, who resigned, having been elected county attorney. He was born in Wales, in 1862, though of Irish parentage. He was brought to Rochester by his parents when three years old. He graduated from St. John's University in this State and taught school a few years and then read law, being admitted to the bar in 1888. He was city clerk four years and was elected city attorney in 1893, serving two years.' He is in the front rank of the bar of the county as a speaker on public occasions.

The most peculiar business in the city was that of Orson W. Estes, the snake merchant. For several years he followed the occupation of capturing, buying and selling snakes. He gathered the reptiles in from everywhere, kept a large stock on hand at all times, and sold them to showmen. It is a few years since the business was discontinued.

Rochester Lodge, No. 54, Knights of Pythias, was organized April I, 1889, with fifteen charter members. It has now 150, and is growing and has a fine hall.

Charles A. Joslyn was elected alderman in 1890 and served two terms. He was also city engineer in 1905, by appointment of Ma3^or Heffron. He was from the State of New York and was agent for the Morgan reapers. The city is under obligation to him for the town clock that ornaments the tower of the central fire station, as he solicited the subscriptions for its purchase and superintended its erection.

E. E. Briggs started a glove factory about 1889, which is still running. Briggs sold to Mrs. L. Smith and her son, Frank Smith. In 1894 Smith and E. G. Arnold succeeded Mrs. Smith. After a few years Mr. Arnold withdrew and Mr. Smith has since been the sole proprietor.

latitude, was relieved in 1892 by the inauguration of a series of winter sports. The whole community became interested, a public meeting was called, officers appointed, money raised, and a skating rink was made by flooding the lot formerly occupied by Stenger's brewery and now the city market ground, and a toboggan slide was erected on Zunibro street, between the Norton House and the river, three hundred feet long and twenty feet high, with a fall of forty feet in the first two hundred feet, and a return slide to the starting place. A number of toboggan clubs were organized, captained by Howard Van Campen, B. Clausen, H. M. Richardson, Edward F. Cook, Philip Heintz, Edward Sullivan, and Guy Jacks. Each club had its distinctive uniform of gay blanket cloth and each comprised a different class, from sedate married men down to little school boys. R. Milo Jacks was the presiding genius of the whole affair. There was also a bouncing club with blankets, whose duty it. was to toss high in the air numerous prominent personages.

The opening night was a brilliant and gorgeous occasion, with a grand procession of all the clubs, reinforced by about a hundred and fifty uniformed tobogganists from Austin, and cheered by a band and illuminated by the blaze of unstinted colored lights. An opening speech and welcome to the visitors was made by Mayor Darling, and responded to by Mayor Johnson, of Austin. The first toboggan to take the grand slide had as passengers Mayor Johnson, of Austin, and Miss Laura Leet, of Rochester, and Mayor Darling and Miss Cora Hathaway, of Austin.

It was decided to keep the sport's up one day every week with a three nights' carnival and the storming of an ice palace the first week in January to close the* season. A. T. Stebbins was appointed Fire King and W. Logan Brackenridge Snow King, for that occasion. The weekly carnival drew great crowds from all the surrounding country and there were the highest anticipations of the jollity of the three final carnival days, but there was some disarrangement of the machinery by which the Minnesota winter weather is regulated, and the last week in January was so springlike that it rained for days, the ice in the river was broken up, the river end of the toboggan broken to pieces and the ice palace was discolored, and though the final carnival was postponed for a week it never came to pass. Rochester ceased to be jolly and passed the rest of the winter in attending strictly to business.

Queen City Camp, No. 1645, Modern Woodmen of America, was organized in April, 1892, and now has four hundred members, making it the largest of the beneficiary societies of the city.

of Broadway, from south to north, and emptying into the Zumbro, at a cost of between four thousand and five thousand dollars. Notwithstanding the laws prohibiting the pollution of streams, the filth of the city is dumped into the river, as is the case of most other towns in the State blessed with rivers.

The Rest Room is an institution peculiar to Rochester, being the only one in the State. Attempts have been made at two other places to conduct one, but without success. A feature of the town from its earliest days has been the great number of farmers and their families attracted here to trade. Few of the women and children went to the hotels for the part of a day's stay, but when through with their shopping and waiting for the lord and master to go home, had to stand around, or occasionally sit, in the stores. The Woman's Club, at the suggestion of Miss Evans, of Carleton College, Northfield, undertook to provide a place for those women, especially those with children, to spend the weary hours of waiting. A subscription was raised among the merchants, pledging $40 a month, and in 1896 a room was procured in the business part of the town, and the women and children from the country were invited to enjoy it. The plan proved very satisfactory. The room was well patronized and was moved into larger quarters. The city contributed a small sum toward its support, and, after a few years, turned over to the ladies the Liverniore Building, on Main street, that had come into its possession. It was conveniently fitted up, and a matron employed, and now a place of shelter is open every week day, and is availed of by many of those coming to town. It is one of the best institutions of the city, and should be supported entirely by the municipality and on a more lil^eral scale than it now is. The rooms have been under the superintendence of the presidents of the Woman's Club, first Mrs. \V. N. Herrick, followed successively by Mrs. A. F. r\'\iloule, Mrs. T. W. Stebl)ins, Mrs. John Edgar, Mrs. W. W. Fowler, and now by Mrs. Martha J. Butler.

One of the public utilities, the want of which had been felt for years, was a commodious place of entertainment. Morton Hall, the old court house and Heaney's Hall had, when first built, been thought ample, but the town had outgrown them successively, and there had been much inconsequential talk of an opera house, without any result till, in 1894, Oscar Cobb, an architect who, after doing business for some years in Rochester, had gone to Chicago and become a successful builder of theaters, visited Rochester and proposed plans for the building of an opera house here. His plans were not carried out, but they started a public movement for the enterprise. Several schemes for building by the aid of loans or bonuses were proposed and partly carried out, but all came to naught, when J. E. Reid determined to build a suitable place of entertainment as a private enterprise. He bought the old Post Building, on the comer of Broadway and Fourth street, and adjoining lots, and erected there the Metropolitan Theater, a threestory brick building, trimmed with stone, handsome exteriorly and beautiful interiorly. It was opened with the comic opera of *'The Chaperones,'' February 10, 1902, and Rochester now has a commodious and attractive place of amusement, fully up to the demands of the community. It has a seating capacity of eleven hundred, and has cost $45,000.

James E. Reid came to Wabasha county from Wisconsin when an infant, was educated in the schools of Rochester and Darling's Business College, engaged in the jewelry business in St. Paul, and removed to Rochester in 1894, and was a member of the jewelry firm of Reid & Orr, and now of Reid & Keller, and is now also manager of the theater. He is one of the most enterprising of the business men of the city.

The financial depression of 1893 was not without its manifestation in Rochester. The hard times prevalent throughout the country had rendered depositors in the three banks of the city - the First National, the Union National and the Rochester - suspicious of their absolute soundness; many depositors, especially in the country, had withdrawn their deposits, and in the case of the Union Bank a hundred thousand dollars was withdrawn within two months. Though the securities of the bank were ample, and its ultimate solvency undoubted, it was impossible to at once convert all its securities into cash, and on the nth of August the bank suspended payment, and there was a run on both the other banks, and it seemed as if they, also, though perfectly sound, would have to suspend, but the business men of the city came to the help of the banks. A public meeting of the Board of Trade was called and the city hall was crowded with the citizens generally. A. T. Stebbins, president of the board, was chairman. Speeches were made by C. C. Willson, Mayor Witherstine, T. H. Titus, cashier of the Union Bank; C. M, Start, judge of the district court; Walter L. Brackenridge, and J. A. Leonard. The speakers all expressed perfect confidence in the banks, and assured the public of their solvency. A paper was signed by seventy-five individuals and firms, including all the leading business houses, in which they affirmed their confidence in the banks and their ability to pay their depositors in full, if given reasonable time, and their own willingness to take certificates of deposit of any of the banks in payment for goods. The leading business men went on the street and met and talked with farmers and others going to the banks to withdraw their money, and so thoroughly satisfied them that the run was stopped and the threatened panic averted. In a few weeks the

History Of Olmsted Couxtv

A Fourth of July celebration was held in 1894 which was the greatest held up to that time. Broadway was devoted to sports. There was a large industrial parade, headed by Uncle Sam Russell. The address was delivered by Frank Randall, of Winona. There was a fine display of Japanese fireworks at night.

A telephone was established in April, 1895, by the firm of Haines & Melone. It was of the automatic system, and started with seventy-five subscribers. It was quite a question whether it could receive sufficient support in the town to make it pay, but it proved popular, and was enlarged and improved till, in July, 1896, the Rochester Telephone Company was incorporated and changed its plant to the manual system.

It now has fourteen hundred subscribers, with the number constantly increasing, and is, in every way, a thorough local system, with long-distance connections.

Fred S. Haines was born in New Hampshire in i860. He graduated at Harvard University in 1885, came to Rochester and entered the Rochester National Bank as assistant cashier. Three years later he went to the Second National Bank of Elmira, New York, where he stayed two years, and then started the State Bank of Mantorville, in this State, which he conducted three years, and returned to Rochester.

James Arthur Melone is a native of Ohio, bom in 1867. He came to Rochester at the age of seventeen years, graduated at the Rochester High School, became a skilful telegrapher and learned the insurance business in the office of his uncle, David Stevenson, and after his death entered the partnership of Stevenson & Melone with Archie C. Stevenson. He was elected mayor in 1899 served one term. Mr. Stevenson was also elected mayor in 1903. They are a firm of ex-mayors.

Dr. Wilson A. Allen was elected mayor in 1895, as a Republican, and served one term. He came to Rochester in 1872, from Plainview. He was born in Indiana in 1834 and acquired his medical education and practiced there. He graduated as a homeopathist at the Hahnemann College at Chicago. He conducted the Riverside Hospital in Rochester several years, and has invented an apparatus for handling patients in bed, which has been adopted by a number of hospitals. He has a large practice and is very popular. He was three years a member of the city board of education.

The Church of Peace, Lutheran, was organized March 12, 1905, with Rev. Karl Buck as pastor. In October of the same year he was succeeded by Rev. F. Appermann. who remained till May i, 1906, when Rev. H. J. Abrecht came and remained till October i, 1906. when he was succeeded by Rev. \V. H. Bunge, who is the present pastor. The church was incorporated in November, 1906. The services are held on Sunday mornings in German and in the evenings in Enghsh. The membership is now thirty-eight.

George W. Waldron came to Kalmar with his father, Robert Waldron, one of the early settlers, in 1856. He was born in Michigan in 1838. He moved to Rochester about 1885. He was a large real-estate owner in the western part of the county. He was an alderman two terms, from 1896 to 1898. He died in April, 1907.

The Christian church was established in the summer of 1896. Rev. J. A. Erwin, State evangelist for the denomination, held a series of meetings, assisted by his wife as a singer, in a tent on the lot, then vacant, now occupied by the Public Library Building, which lasted six weeks, when he formed a congregation of that faith with about a hundred members, and was their pastor about a month and a half. He is now judge of the United States district court at Porto Rico. The first settled pastor was Rev. F. E. Utterback, who served one year, and was followed by Rev. C. M. Mc- Curdy, who stayed from January to September, 1898. Rev. Van Dolah preached at times, about a year, and Rev. Charles A. Burridge was pastor from February to August, 1900. Rev. W. W. Devine came in June, 1902, and left in August, 1903. Rev. G. W. Wise stayed from September, 1903, to June, 1905; Rev. Rochester Irwin, from 1905 to 1907, and Rev. T. B. Ausmus, from March to December, 1907. Rev. C. A. Martz, who is now the pastor, came in April, 1908. The membership of the church is over four hundred.

A woolen mill was conducted several years in Chatfield by C. T. Booth, but was burned down, and, failing to obtain assistance there in rebuilding, he moved to Rochester, and a company was organized here in 1897; a mill was established on the North Rochester water power, and apparently successfully conducted. At one time a hundred blankets a day were made. It was discontinued. Mr. Booth went to Georgia, and a company was formed in 1899 to manufacture clothing, under the management of H. K. Terry, from Connecticut. It also did a good business and made excellent clothing, but it was discontinued in 1903.

A company of the Salvation Army camped in Rochester in the spring of 1897. They pursued their usual tactics in parading Broadway every evening to the music of drums, horns and singing, and holding meetings in their barracks. They aroused a good deal of indignation by their recklessness in scaring teams, and several serious accidents were barely avoided. Some of the "baser sort" of young men and boys mobbed them one evening, but no serious damage was done. They departed after several weeks' sojourn, having done some good and no real harm.

During the later part of the stay of the army, another organization, similar but different, calling themselves the Volunteers of America, came to town and stayed some weeks after the army had left. They were distinguished from their predecessors by their quiet and orderly methods, and showed equal zeal in a different way.

A company was organized in 1898 for the manufacture of fiber from the stalks of flax, but failed to pay, and was wound up. There would seem to be no better point at which to utilize the large quantity of flax fiber that has been allowed to go to waste, but no entirely satisfactory and profitable way of saving it has yet been devised.

Martin Heffron was elected alderman-at-large in 1898, served four years, and in 1905 was elected mayor and served two years. He is a Democrat. He was bom in New York City in 1858 and came with his parents to a farm in Kalmar in 1864. He has been engaged in Rochester as a builder and contractor since 1881, and has built some of the most important buildings, among them the new Young Men's Christian Association Building, and is now building an addition to the Academy of Lourdes. He is a brother of C. H. Heffron, who was county auditor for years.

George J. Allen was city attorney two terms from 1898, and again three terms from 1902. He is a son of Samuel Allen, who was an early settler of the county. He was bom in New Haven township in 1870, attended DarHng's Business College, taught school, and read law in the office of C. C. Willson, where he was assistant five years, and assisted in compiling the Supreme Court Reports. He practiced a year in South Dakota, retuming to Rochester, where he has been in practice since 1896.

William Graham was elected city justice in 1898, and served acceptably two terms. He was a native of the State of New York, born in 1848, and came to Kalmar township with his parents, Joseph Graham and wife, in 1856. He was reared a farmer and attended Spring's School in Rochester. He was a cheese and butter maker at Olmsted and Byron twelve years from 1873, and was employed by Marvin & Cammack in Rochester and by the Crescent Creamery Company in St. Paul as overseer of cheese factories and creameries for fifteen years. He was in the grocery business in Rochester two years, and has been business manager for Mayos, Graham & Co. since 1902.

Julius J. Reiter was elected alderman in 1898 and re-elected in 1900, serving two terms: was elected mayor in 1907, and is now in his first term. He was born in Elgin township, Wabasha county.

in 1869, and stayed on the farm till he was seventeen years old, when he became a clerk in a store in Plainview, and was there five years. He then came to Rochester and engaged in the grocery business, later forming a partnership with his brother, Ernest H., in the firm of Reiter Brothers.

An ex-tempore Fourth of July celebration was held at Rochester in 1898. The news of the American victory at Santiago was announced by telegrams received that morning, and while a crowd in the office of the Rochester Post was discussing and rejoicing over the news, Rev. Frank Doran suggested that the good news ought to be celebrated, and, though it was not Rochester's year for a Fourth of July celebration, and none had been provided for, the suggestion was taken up, and arrangements at once made for a celebration that evening in Central Park. There was a crowd out. There was singing by the Knights of Pythias Quartet, short speeches by J. A. Leonard, Rev. Frank Doran, W. W. Fowler, N. H. Burdick, C. M. McCurdy, F. P. Leach, L. W. Brigham, and Dr. H. H. Witherstine, and closing with a display of fireworks. It was the most unpremeditated and also the most enthusiastic of celebrations.

The first horseless carriage to appear in Rochester was a fivehorsepower gasoline motor carriage owned and run by T. O. Kilbuni, of Spring Valley, which brought him and his wife here in September, 1898. It attracted great attention, but so many automobiles are owned here now that they are no longer a novelty on the streets. The first perfect automobile was introduced by Dr. C. H. Mayo in January, 1900. It was a four-horsepower steam machine.

Edward F. Cook was elected city treasurer in 1899 served eight terms of a year each. He is a native of Rochester, born in 1866. He was assistant cashier in the Rochester National Bank twenty years, resigning in 1905, and was recently city assessor. He moved, in 1908, to Spearfish, South Dakota,^ where he is cashier of a national bank. He is a son of Martin W. Cook, who was the pioneer dairyman and strawberry raiser of the city.

Dr. Charles T. Granger was elected alderman for the First ward in 1900, and in 1902 was elected alderman-at-large, and re-elected for a second term, but resigned before its expiration. He is a native of Olmsted county, having been born on the farm of his father, Abner Granger, in Cascade township, in 1870. He was educated in the schools of Rochester and the University of Iowa, and is a graduate of Hahnemann Medical College, Chicago; has been in practice at Rochester since 1892, and does a large business in the city and surrounding country.

Ole G. Hanson was alderman three terms, from 1901, and alderman-at-large one term, from 1905, and is prominent in city affairs. He was born in Norway in 1856 and came to Rock Dell township when eighteen years old. He spent two years farming and then came to Rochester and attended Xiles' School. He was employed thirteen years in A. T. Stebbins & Co.'s hardware establishment, and in 1878 formed a partnership with Ole Baker, in the hardware business, as the firm of Baker & Hanson, in which he is still engaged.

Mike Kitzman, Jr., was alderman two terms, from 1902. He is a son of Mike Kitzman. an early settler of Farmington township and was born there in 1868. He spent his boyhood on the farm and came to Rochester when twenty-one years old, and attended Niles' School. He was employed in the Boston Clothing House, and in 1893 engaged in the clothing business with Michael Wanke, in the firm of Wanke & Kitzman, and afterward with John Frahm, as Kitzman & Frahm. Since 1891 he has been in the business alone, as proprietor of the Model Clothing Store.

Herbert B. Riebe, a son of Robert Riebe, of Rochester, was appointed a cadet in the United States Navy, on the recommendation of Representative James A. Tawney, after a competitive examination, entered the academy at Annapolis in 1902, and w^as commissioned an ensign in 1908. He is now on an Asiatic cruise.

Charles M. Johnson was appointed a member of the Board of education in 1904, to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of J. J. Fulkerson, and elected at two succeeding elections, and is now in his second term in that office. He was also elected alderman in 1907, and is in his first term in that office, serving his North Rochester constituents in tw^o offices at the same time. He was born in Indiana in 1850, and located on a farm in Fillmore county, this State, in 1854. He moved to South Dakota in 1881 and in 1884 came to Rochester, where he was employed successively in the grainbuying establishments of Anderson Whiting, Samuel Whitten and Granville Woodworth. and after thirteen years of service with Mr. Woodworth, succeeded him on his retirement from business, and is now the manager of the Western Elevator Company, dealing in coal and grain.

The Conley Camera Company was organized in 1899, at Spring Valley, in this State, and operated there in a small way till June, 1904, when it was moved to Rochester. Kerry E. Conley is president and treasurer, and Fred V. Conley secretary. One hundred and thirty-five people w-ere employed during the year 1907, with a pay roll of $49,500. During that year 28,000 cameras and 80,000 plate-holders were manufactured, besides other photographic apparatus. An Employes' Protective Association is maintained ir connection with the factory

Kerry Conley was born in Fillmore county in 1866, attended Darling's Business College in Rochester, and graduated from the Chicago Ophthalmic College; engaged in the jewelry and optical business in Spring Valley, invented a magazine photographic camera, and established his factory. He has recently served a term as alderman-at-large of Rochester.

In January, 1904, J. A. Leonard called the attention of the public, through the local newspapers, to the fact that the year was the semi-centennial anniversary of the founding of the city, the first settlements having been made in 1854, and suggested the celebration of the event by a joint celebration of it and the Fourth of July. The suggestion was acted on later by the Commercial Club appointing a committee of which W. Logan Brackenridge was chairman, who worked enthusiastically and got up the greatest Fourth of July celebration ever held in the city. The attendance of people from all the surrounding country was immense. It was ebiimated that there were not less than ten thousand outsiders on the streets.

The celebration opened with a parade, headed by a band of real Indians of the Winnebago tribe, from the neighborhood of the Mississippi River; bucks, squaws and papooses, in aboriginal attire, headed by their chief. It was, in all probability, the best show of indigenous Indians that will ever be seen here. Following them was the Minneapolis Journal Newsboys' Band, then an old Concord coach, a lumbering survival of the pioneer days, drawn by six horses ; Frank Lyons, deputy postmaster, on a bronco, with a mail bag, represented the overland mail carrier, followed by those latest mail conveyances - rural delivery wagons. A section of the parade was devoted to the old emigrant wagons, or prairie schooners. Mr. Charles H. Crane, himself one of the earliest pioneers, had got together this feature. The prairie schooners were reproductions, as nearly as might be, of the conveyances that brought the first families to their new homes - covered lumber wagons with varying outfits of household goods, kitchen utensils, chicken coops and other frontier necessities. William W. Williams, one of the earliest pioneers, had one drawn by a team of horses; Ernest and William Cressy, early settlers, one drawn by a horse team; P. C. L. Reigel, one drawn by horses; J. H. Seewald, one in which he had moved from Missouri, with a mule team; C. Carney had one with a mule team; Frederick A. James, the farmer of the State Hospital, one with an ox team. The effort by Mr. Crane to get a few ox-team schooners furnished an illustration of the changes of fifty years; after diligent search he could only get that one yoke of the nimble animals so common on the streets in the earliest days. Some of the schooners had on their covers such mottoes, familiar to the old-

History Of Olmsted County

The next section of the parade assigned to the pioneers of 1854, '55. '56 and '57 was a failure by reason of the general absence of those relics. There were a few bicycles. The usual Fourth of July features followed : a float with young ladies in white, representing the States; Company F of the State militia, and the State Hospital Fire Department, commanded by General Sweeney. The Daughters of the American Revolution represented by a carriage occupied by Miss Ida Wing, a direct descendant of John Alden and Priscilla, spinning at a wheel which, with the distaff, have been in the familv of which Mrs. A. F. P^aitoute is a descendant for more than two hundred years.

The semi-centennial meeting was held in the Metropolitan Theater in the afternoon. Mayor A. C. Stevenson presided; Miss Dollie Markham, a junior pioneer, now Mrs. Fred. Joselyn, read the Declaration of Independence; there was singing of patriotic songs by a glee club comprising J. Hamlet Easton, John Magaw, Rev. W. B. Gantz, C. F. Massey, William C. Richardson and Charles N. Ainslie. An address was delivered by J. A. Leonard, comprehending a review of the early settlement and progress of the city. A letter from Hon. Thomas Simpson, of Winona, was read, in which he recounted his experience as a surveyor in making the government survey of the neighborhood of Rochester, in 1854. There were on the platform Rev. William C. Rice and Rev. Ezra R. Lathrop, both Olmsted county pioneers, and both former pastors of the Methodist church of Rochester.

The committee on sports, James Kelly, Paul Hargesheimer, George Granger, Ed. H. Kalb, John W'. Peck, Ellis Whiting, Thomas Armstrong and Charles H. Armstrong, had set aside the business portions of Broadway for sports and provided a full afternoon and evening programme for the amusement of the crowd and the street was a mass of ever-moving humanity. Foot races of all kinds, acrobatic performances at every corner and a deafening confusion of all sorts of Fourth of July noises made up the programme. It was certainly the noisiest celebration that ever has been or probably ever will be in the city.

The fun, or nuisance, as one chooses to consider it, of confetti throwing was indulged in for the first time here, and Broadway the next day was liberally littered with the paper pellets.

A ball game was played in the afternoon and at night Broadway was grandly illuminated by electric lights, and there was a fine display of fireworks at Swampoodle. The streets were crowded till midnight, about which time the celebration adjourned itself for fifty years.

Richard L. Tollefson was elected an alderman in 1905 and re-elected and is now serving his second term. He was bom in W isconsin in 1861 and came with his parents to Dodge county in 1868. His father was a cabinetmaker and he learned that trade. He came to Rochester in 1882 and entered the furniture establishment of Peter F. Johnson, with whom he afterward went into partnership, and in 1907 became the sole proprietor.

An extraordinary religious revival was carried on, commencing the second week in January, 1906, and continuing a month. It was conducted by Rev. William A. (better known as Billy) Sunday, a one-time Chicago baseball player, who became a Presbyterian minister and had a wonderful career as an evangelist, securing thousands of converts in the small cities in the West. The revival was planned, financed and carried on in the most systematic manner. The pastors of six churches - Revs. Curtis, Congregational ; Whitney. Baptist; Taylor, Methodist; Wharton, Presbyterian; Oftedal, Lutheran, and Irwin, Christian - co-operated in all the arrangements and suspended the Sunday services in their churches while the revival was in progress. The money was pledged beforehand and a tabernacle, the shell of a frame building, seating two thousand people, was erected. Sunday came with a staff of assistants comprising his wife, F. G. Fisher, chorister, and wife; Rev. T. E. Honeywell, assistant evangelist;- Miss Frances E. Miller, Bible teacher, and Fred R. Seibert, general utility man. The expenses of all were guaranteed beforehand. The meetings were held every night and most afternoons, and were immensely attended. The tabernacle was crowded and hundreds were unable to get in, at nearly every meeting. Toward the last, excursion trains were run from Plainview and Eyota. His sermons have been described by an admirer, writing a magazine sketch of him, as "shirt-sleeve oratory and melodramatic impersonation, the translation of the Testament into drummer's slang and stump-speech harangue." His most striking originality was probably his assumed familiarity with Jesus in his prayers, talking to Him as he would to a chum. He enthused the church members, and the whole community was interested, and for the month Sunday had possession of the town. Mr. Fisher organized an immense chorus from all the choirs of the town, and unusually lively singing added much to the effect.

For the first two weeks collections were taken and the cost of the tabernacle and the running expenses were paid ; then there was no further demand for money till the last two days, when contributions were made for Sunday, and he was given $2,200. The number of converts was stated as 1,296, and the revival was followed by numerous accessions to the various churches. Sunday's departure was a great ovation. A procession said to count fifteen hun- dred of all sorts of people, including a large contingent of schoolboys, escorted him to the railroad train, singing and shouting and bidding him a hearty farewell. It is understood that he has engagements for such revivals at such towns as Rochester throughout the middle Western States for three years to come.

The Sunday revival was followed by a revival of interest in the Young Men's Christian Association. Such an association had been organized in 1867, with J. D. Blake as president, but had not shown much vitality. There had been some effort made, from time to time, to arouse interest sufficient to erect a building, but without success, till a few^ days before the close of the Sunday meetings, when a more successful effort was made. At a meeting held February 29, 1906, $16,000 was pledged for a building. The contributions ranged from $500 to $25. The $500 contributors were: Dr. Charles H. Mayo, Dr. William J. Mayo, John R. Cook, Burt W. Eaton, Frank E. Gooding, William W. Ireland, Elliot A. Knowlton and William H. Knapp. This fund was increased to $20,000, and the erection of a building, to cost $30,000, located on Zumbro street, was commenced. It is a large building of brick, with stone finishing, and the handsomest front in the city; and of three stories, including the high basement.

Congress, in 1906, voted an appropriation of $8,000 for the purchase of a site in Rochester for the postoffice. After the delay usual in all government business, the purchase was made from William H. Dodge and Mrs. Margaret Brackenridge of a quarter of a block well located in the business part of the city, and another appropriation of $50,000 has been made for the erection of a handsome building.

Patrick J. Scanlan was appointed city attorney in 1906, has been twice reappointed, and is now holding the office. He was born in Ireland in 1869, and in 1876 came to Haverhill township, where his father, Thomas Scanlan was a farmer. He was educated in the Rochester schools, graduated in law in the Minnesota University, and was admitted to the bar in 1898. He was deputy county auditor six years, and has been court commissioner since 1900.

Theodore A. Schacht was elected city attorney in 1906 and reelected in 1908 and is now serving his second term. He is a native of Olmsted county, the son of Claus Schacht, a farmer in Haverhill township, and was born in 1876. He graduated at the Elgin High School and from the literary and law departments of Minnesota University, and commenced the practice of law in Rochester in 1903.

not less than eight thousand, and constantly growing. It is the trading center for the farms and villages of a large scope of surrounding country, and is acknowledgedly one of the prettiest of the smaller cities of the State, and emphatically a City of Homes. It has not many wealthy residents and very few really poor ones, but is a collection of comfortable and pretty homes of fairly prosperous people. Agur, the son of Jakeh, who approved of neither poverty nor riches, would have approved of Rochester.

DOVER TOWNSHIP (Towfiship io6 North, Range ii West). - Leonard Knapp was the first settler in this townsliip, coming from Wisconsin in 1854. Hiram Thompson came the same season. Other settlers #iat year were Simeon Harding, !Mr. Waller, George C. Sheeks, Joseph Drake, Robert Robertson. J. P. Crippen and Edwin F. Ketchum.

In 1855 settlements were made by William J. Rank, William Merry, Elmer L. Fowler, Simpson Smith, Jerome C. Ketchum, Thomas Stevenson, John Stevenson, Uriah L. Carpenter, John Fraser,Chester Phelps, John C. Lasher, William H. Hatfield and Calvin Hitt. J. S. Niles came from Indiana in 1855, nioved to Rochester in 1857, to Eyota township in 186 1, to the village in 1865, and, later, moved to Hector, Minnesota.

Settlements were made in 1856 by Richard L. Catterell, Emery H. Dewey, Isaac M. Childs, G. A. Kimber, Gerinan T. Wilsie, A. P. Stearns, C. M. and F. N. Heery.

In 1857 the Denton family and A. P. Stearns came. Among the pioneers the date of whose location we have not ascertained, were George Kendall, Hiram Cross, George Bortel, Alanson Richards and Messrs. Bolt and Purdy.

The first birth in the township was that of Rodolphus, son of G. A. Kimber, in 1855. The first marriage was of Ward Smith and Adelia Waller, the same year. The first death was of Milton Purdy, also in 1855.

Miss Eliza Sheeks taught the first school in the winter of 1855 and 1856 in Mr. Harding's house, which was also a tavern. A log school house was built in the spring of 1856.

The first township officers, elected in 1859, were, supervisors. Nelson Baker, chairman; Henry Johnson, Elias Bedal; clerk, Samuel Johnson; assessor, Simpson Smith; collector, William R. Thompson; justices, Joshua Martin and Nelson Baker; constables, N. E. Mason, W. R. Thompson.

The township was first known as Whitewater, but on its organization the name was changed on motion of William Merry to Dover township. There was already a Whitewater township in Winona county.

A Murder. - A murder of great brutality was perpetrated in the township on the night of October 29, 1867. Frederick Ableitner and his wife, an inoffensive ok! German couple, lived on a farm about two miles west of St. Charles. Though apparently poor they were believed to have money received from Germany. John Whitman, a man with a family, living at St. Charles, had seen Ableitner, in paying some harvest hands, exhibit a sum of money and conceived the idea of robbing him. He took into partnership in the job two voung men transient liarvest hands, Charles Edwards and George \V. Staley. On the night of the murder the trio filled up with whisky in a St. Charles saloon. Staley had a revolver and on the way to the farm they each cut a club. Whitman claimed that Edwards suggested that '*dead men tell no tales.'' Arriving at the house, Edwards knocked at the door and told Ableitner that they had lost their way and inquired the road to Chatfield. On Ableitner opening the door Edwards knocked him down with his club, and on his trying to rise, Staley shot him. It is believed that three shots were fired at him. Edwards lighted a paper by which they saw the old man walking about the room, holding his hand to his side and groaning. These facts are gathered from a confession by Staley. Ableitner died in a few hours. He stated that there was only $15 in the house. The murderers were driven away by Mrs. Ableitner.