St. Paul City

Tilben Foundations

We live not alone in the present hut also in the past and tuturr. We. can never look out thoutjhtfull)' at our immediate surroundinj^s but a course of reasoning will start np leading' ns to intpiire the causes that produced the developinent around us, and at the same time we are led to conjecture the results to follow causes now in operation. We are thus linked indissoIubl\- with the past and the future.

If, then, the past is not simply a stepping-stone to the future, hut a part of our very selves, we can not aftord to ignore, or separate it from ourselves as a member might be lc)])ped off from our bodies ; for thougli the body thus maimed, might perform many and perhaps most of its functions still, it could never again be called complete.

We therefore present this xoluuu- to our patrons, not as something extrinsic, to which we would attract their notice and secure their favor, but as a part of themselves, and a very important part, which it is the province of the historian to re-invigorate and restore to its rightful owner. Moreover, we can not but hope that we shall thus confer much pleasure. The recounting of events which have transpired in our own neighborhood is the most interesting of all history. There is a fascination in the study of the intermingled facts and fiction of the past, which s heightened by a familiarity with the localities described. " The river which flows through our native village acquires a new interest when, in imagination, we see the Indian canoe on its surface and the skin - covered tepee on its banks, as in days of yore." Log cabins, straw roofs, and the rude "betterments" of the hard)- pioneer, are the next changes on the scene, followed soon by mushroom towns, some of which perish as (}uickly as they sprang up, while others astonish us by their rapid growth ; cities are built, and moss and i\y, the evitk^nces of age, accumulate. The log cabin and all th(- steps of first settlement are things of the past ; the place which knew them shall know them no more forever.

Our purpose is to present these pictures in their natural succession^ arousing the enthusiasm of th(! reader, if possible:, and gi\'ing him a morevigorous enjoyment of the present by linking it with the past. The compass of the work is wide, e.xtending over a long period of time, embracing the accounts of early explorers, also reaching back among the legends of the past, and, approaching the events of the day, almost undesignedly, casting a prophetic glance forwartl at what must he In the futiu"e after such a beginning.

Ramsey county presents an exceptionally rich field lor a work of this character. Explorer, missionary, voyageur and trader have here left traces of their occupation. While reviewing the events and enterprises inaugurated for the development of the county, we come to regret that we can not claim the prestige belonging to the aristocracy of early settlers.

To crive in detail all the various sources from which the facts here eiven have been obtained, would be tedious if not impracticable. It may be sufficient to say that it fairly presents the history of our remarkable development, and a faithful picture of our present condition. We must, however, express our obligations to a host of living witnesses, from whom a large portion of the facts have been obtained, and doubtful points verified ; they have our hearty thanks. Material has been drawn largely from the columns of newspapers, which have given from time to time, a record of passing events. The contribution of Rev. Edward D. Neill will be of great permanent value in imperishable print, and will be greatly prized by historiographers everywhere. We have also drawn upon the accumulation of facts in the possession of the Minnesota Historical Society, for a paper by its secretary, Mr. |. Fletcher Williams. The value of a reservoir of historical data at the capital of the State, for such purposes, was fully appreciated ; and the maintenance of such a centre of information can not be too strongly advocated.

In conclusion, we have an obligation to express to our patrons, and are pleased to acknowledge a liberal patronage and more than ordinary courtesy toward our employes ; for all of which we tender our hearty thanks. Hoping that those who have subscribed for and are about to receive this volume, will favor it witii a kind reception, and take as much interest in reading as we ha\e in comjiiling the history of Ramsey county, we are,

Source changes here: from HIstory of Ramsey County and the CIty of St. Paul, by Various, published 1881; 13,065 words in this source stream.

St. Paul City

Sunday afternoon at fifteen minutes after three o-clock in the lower room of the district schoolhouse on Walnut street near Fort, commencing Noyember 25th, 1855. Service was held according to announcement, beginning November 25th. The audience, from the first was unexpectedly large, and before one month had passed, it was decided to effect a permanent organization.

December 24th, 1855, the church was organized with J. H. Stewart, M. D., Mrs. William L. Banning, Mrs. Henrietta Horne, now Mrs. Colgrave, and Mrs. Edward D. Neill. The church thus organized, chose for its name, ''The House of Hope," which was that of the old Dutch redoubt, which in the seventeenth century, stood upon the present site of the city of Hartford, Connecticut.

Co-incident with the organization of the church was the formation of a Sunday school. It was first held in the Walnut street school-house, December 16th, 1855. There were seven scholars in attendance and six teachers. The ladies society was also organized and did good work in promoting the interests of the church. The proceeds of entertainments which they gave, provided acommunion service, and at the time the meetings were transferred to the college building, they had afund sufiicient to furnish the room in which they were held.

The history of the church as a corporate religious society begins with the 26th of January, 1856, when a meeting was called, preliminary to its organization, and a committee appointed to take the necessary legal measurers. Trustees were elected February 26th, and held their first meeting March 4th.

not held. buton his return in September, the coneregration began to worship in the hallof the preparatory department of the College of St. Paul since Macalester College, on Wilkin street, now the Catholic. louse of the Good Shepherd.

The first Sabbath of the new year, 1857, the first additions to the church were made, eight communicants being received by letter. The same day, January 3d, Wilford L. Wilson was nevertheless, disheartening. The deep snows filled the ravine which interposed between the majority of the congregation and the college building. Paths were unknown, and it was with great difficulty that any could fight their way through the snow to the church.

In January, 1857, lots were purchased and the people prepared to build. They were at the height of prosperity. Business was brisk, property in demand and rising - -in price if not in value, money was plenty and people were eager to join in new enterprises. The society determined to build a stone church to cost not less than $25,000, and plans were secured, but before the ground had been broken, the terrible financial crisis, which still makes the year 57 memorable, fell upon the young church with crushing effect, and their hopes and expectations were suddenly dashed. They became more modest in their requirements and on the 12th day of July, 1858,a committee was instructed to build aframe chapel at the lowest possible figures. In the meantime the congregation occupied Irvine Hall, on the corner of Third and Eagle streets. This hall was used during the week as a (cerman theatre, and on Sunday the air was anything but pure, notwithstanding the attempts to ventilate the room. The scenery was covered with banners belonging to the Sunday school. 'On one oceasion when the collection baskets could not be found, a gentlemen emerged from the 'greenroom' with an empty cigar box and proceeded with all solemnity to receive the offerings." In august, 1858, work was begun on the chapel, and in December of the same year it was ready for occupancy, and was dedicated on the 22d of the same month. At this time the chureh numbered thirty-five members. The building contained seventy-five pews, and of these, forty were rented the first day, and the remainder were filled with worshippers. The entire cost of the chapel was $2,775; improvements were subse-

After Minnesota was admitted as a state, 1858, the legislature re-organized the old Territorial University,and passed a law creating the office of chancellor of the State University, who ex-officio, was also to be state superintendent of publie in- The Rev. E. D. Neill was chosen to fill that position, and June 20th, 1860, sent a letstruction.

ter of resignation to the session of the House of Hope church. This resignation was accepted by the congregation with great reluctance. After Mr. Neill's withdrawal. the church was supplied by Rey. Henry W. Ballantyne. three months; Rey. William J. Erdman, six months; and Rey. Horace Bushnell, D. D.. of Hartford, Connecticut, who was temporarily sojourning in the state. October 20th, 1861. Rey. Frederick A. Noble. D. D., who was visiting Minnesota, accepted the invitation of the church to become its stated supply. and entered upon his duties. In June, 1562.

tor, and on the 16th of July, was ordained and installed by the Presbytery of Minnesota. church increased in membership. anda debt of $3.000, which had accumulated since the building of the chapel. was paid. 'The credit for this undertaking, except so far as the mere gifts of money are concerned, belongs exclusively to Mr. Noble."

In 1865, the Ladies' society was re-organized. and a new constitution adopted. The society now numbered thirty-two active members. and to their energetic work much of the financial success of the church is due. The Sabbath School Missionary society was formed January 21st, 1866, The Sabbath School Teacher's Meeting, which had been occasionally held in previous years. was permanently inaugurated February 18th.

During the year the question of increased accommodations was discussed. and it was decided to build a new church in a locality more accessible to the general public, as the situation on

In November, Mr. Noble tendered his resignation, to take effect on the last Sabbath of the year. Ife had received a call to the Third Presbyterian church of Pittsburgh, and he immediately moved there.

The services of the Rev. F. W. Flint, as supply, were immediately secured, and the work of the church went on without interruption. At a congregational meeting, held February 10th. 1868, the trustees were instructed to proceed with the building of a church, to cost not less than

May 18th, 1869. a formal call was extended to Rey. George A. Howard of Catskill, New York. which was declined by him after a visit to St. Paul. January 28th. 1869, the corner stone of the new chureh building was laid with appropriate ceremonies. and in December, the basement was ready for occupancy. the first public service held in it being the Christmas anniversary of the Sunday school. The next day, Sabbath, the first regular church service was held in the basement.

The necessity of choosing a pastor was apparent. and a call to the Rey. David R. Breed was | ordered. IIe soon after accepted, and in May, 1870, began his duties. In October, 1870, Mr. Breed was formally ordained to the ministry and installed as pastor of the church by the Presbytery of St. Paul.

On the first Sabbath in 1871, the whole amount of the church debt, $12,098.29, was raised by subscription, the greatest enthusiasm prevailing in the congregation. The chureh continued to prosper in all its branches, and in February, 1873. the new building was completed, and the main room occupied on the 28d of the month. The service was conducted by Rev. R. F. Sample, of Minneapolis, the regular pastor of the chureh having been prostrated by a fever.

On November 14th, 1878, the House of Hope temperance society was organized and Gen. R. W. Johnson chosen first president. Meetings were held bi-monthly, and arrangements were made for semi-annual public meetings. Members were enrolled upon signing the society's pledge.

In the spring of 1874, special religious meetings were held by the church, conducted by Rey. J. Cadwallader, continuing about two weeks. About twenty conversions and additions to the church resulted.

In the fall of this year the religious enterprise at the St. Paul Harvester Works was assumed by the church. A service had been conducted for some time previous, by the Young Men's Christian Association, meetings being held in the office room; but when the company had erected a building for the religious and educational advantages of the community, the House of Hope church was invited to undertake the charge. In held June 27th. was organized; fifty-nine scholars and twelve teachers were present the first Sabbath. In three weeks the attendance had increased to one hundred and twenty. November 14th, a preaching service was commenced, and has been continued regularly. In July, 1876, the balanee of the debt of the church. which amounted at the first of the year to $12,000, was raised.

for the smallest amount. 'The trustees were instructed to do so whenever it seemed necessary, but they, with the self-sacrificing generosity which has always characterized them, refused to encumber the sanctuary with any lien. and became individually responsible for all amounts borrowed to complete it."

The church building is located on the corner of Fifth and Exchange streets, and is one of the prominent buildings of the city. Though the surroundings are not as pleasant as could be desired, yet the geographical position is an excellent one, being midway and equally accessible to the large resident districts of Irvine Park, Summit avenue and Park place.

The structure is Gothic; of blue limestone, broken range work. It is surmounted with a spire, covered with Vermont slate, which rises to a height of one hundred and sixty-six feet. The basement floor is three feet below grade. It is divided into lecture room, parlors, kitchen and halls. The main approach is from Fifth street, through a spacious vestibule. in which the flights of stairs ascend tothe main floor, seven feet above the grade of the street.

of forty-one feet. There are one hundred and forty pews, affording accommodations for 550. The gallery contains seats for 150. The organ isa lighted by three five-foot reflectors placed in the ceiling, and side brackets in the gallery. It is heated by steam, pipes being in each pew and registers in the aisles. An enlargement, to cost $16,000 will be commenced immediately.

The total cost of the lots, building, furniture, organ, etc., was $68,660, of which sum $50,912, was actually paid in cash by the people of the church. The House of Hope church has continued to prosper and numbers about five hundred members. Following is a list of the ministers since the organization and the time of service: Rev. Edward D. Neill, pastor, November 25th, 1855, to June 20th, 1860; Rev. H. W. Ballantyne, stated supply, June 26th, 1860, to

Harvester Works Chapel was organized in i874. Mr. James R. Walsh was its first superintendent. Located near the works of the company, about three miles from town. Sabbath school at that time met at 3 p. m.; average attendance 1875, 26, Preaching at 4:15 p.m. by the pastor of the church on the 8d Sabbath of each month, and by resident clergymen on the remaining Sabbaths. Average congregation about 40. Building erected by the company. Gothic, size 20x30 feet, with tower and bell. The chapel is under the direction and control of the House of Hope. The object is to afford facilities for religious worship to people living in the vicinity of the works as well as the employes of the works. They now have preaching every Sunday by resident clergymen of various denominations in the afternoon, and Sunday school after service; average attendance, 50; seating capacity about For the last three years Dr. Boardman has been the superintendent. The people attending the chapel are of various denominations. It might be called a union chapel; although it is under the control of the Presbyterians, there are very few of that denomination attending there.

30th, 1875, and has held this position ever since. Location corner of Fort and McBoal streets, three-fourths of a mile from the church. Sabbath school 9 a. m. every Sunday morning, attendance for 1875, average, 145. The building was erected for this special purpose and leased. Size of main room, 25x38 feet, with two additional class rooms, each 12x12 feet, opening into the main room by sliding doors. The material used in the building is wood; cost of building about $1,000; seating capacity about 200. It is carried on under the direction of the House of Hope Presbyterian church. The present officers are as follows: IT. Knox Taylor, superintendent; C. E. Otis, assistant superintendent; F. G. Ingersoll, secretary. The Sabbath school is the only English speaking religious service held above Third street.

The Dayton Avenue Presbyterian Church

The history of this church properly dates from April 20th, 1871. On that day was held a meeting of the ministers and elders of the three Presbyterian churches of the city, in the lecture room of the First church, to consider the feasibility of establishing a mission Sunday school and church enterprise on St. Anthony Hill. At that time a committee was appointed consisting of two members from each church, to select a suitable site and erect a building. The members of the committee were I. W. Ingersoll and Richard Marvin from the First church, Gen. R. W. Johnson and Edward Webb from the Central church, Thomas Cochran, Jr., and 8. J. R. McMillan from the House of Hope, and the Rev. F. W. Flint.

A lot was purchased at the corner of Dayton Avenue and Mackubin street, and, after some delay, a plain but substantial building with a seating capacity of two hundred and fifty, was erected in the summer of 1878. A Sunday school, however, had been previously organized, in August, 1872, and was hejd in rooms secured in an old building on Marshall Avenue, formerly known as the '' Farmers' Hotel." , Forty children and six teachers, viz., Messrs. Edward Webb, F. J. Hoffman, W. L. Wilson, A. B. Johnson, and Misses Harriet N. Hoffman and Catharine G. McMillan, were present on the opening Sabbath. General R. W. Johnson was elected superintendent. A prayer-meeting was also started about the same time. Both school and social meeting, however, had to be suspended as winter approached, on account of the impossibility of properly heating the room in which they were held.

During the summer of the following year (1873) the chapel was completed, and on the 27th of July the structure was duly dedicated, Revs. D. C. Lyon and D. R. Breed conducting the services. At this time the Sunday school was organized with twelve teachers and fifty scholars, Mr. D. W. Ingersoll, then of the First church, being chosen superintendent. An afternoon preaching service was also begun, the pulpit being supplied by various clergymen, principally the several Presbyterian pastors of the city. All this was previous to any church organization.

On Sabbath afternoon, April 19th, 1874, the Dayton Avenue Presbyterian church was duly organized by a committee appointed by the Presbytery of St. Paul for that purpose. consisting of Rey. John Mattocks, Rev. D. R. Breed and Elder W. LL. Wilson. Rey. Mr. Mattocks presided and preached a discourse on 1 Timothy, III, 15th, last clause.

Twenty-three persons united at the organization, twelve of whom came from the House of Hlope church, ten from the Central. and one from a church in another state. At the same meeting the term system of eldership was adopted, and Messrs. S. J. R. McMillan, W. L. Wilson and L. A. Gilbert were unanimously elected to fill that office. In June following, Rev. Maurice D. Edwards, a recent graduate of Auburn Theological Seminary, was chosen pastor, and entered upon his labors on July 19th. At the present writing (April, °81) he still remains the pastor.

Since its organization, this church has had a steady, though slow growth, being dependent for its increase upon the development of the portion of the city in which it is located. The membership, Aprillst, 1881, was one hundred and twenty. The Sunday school numbers two hundred and twenty. Two additional elders, Messrs. D. W. Ingersoll and Edward Webb were added to the session in 1876. The present board of trustees consists of A. E. Clark, president; W. L. Wilson, 8. B. McConnell, W. A. Culbertson, H. J. McAfee, James H. Weed. Superintendent of Sunday school, Prof. 8. G. Campbell. treasurer, W. L. Wilson.

The First Baptist Church

13th, 1847, and is believed to have been the first Baptist in St. Paul. On May 22nd, 1848, the number was augmented by the arrival of Mr. and Mrs. A. H. Cavender.

November 25th, 1848, Miss Bishop wrote to Rev. B. M. Hill, corresponding secretary of the Baptist Home Missionary Board, for aid to the Baptist cause in St. Paul, and it is alleged that on the same day and hour he was addressing a letter of inquiry on the subject to a resident in St. Paul, and the two letters passed each other in transit. The result was that on February sth, 1849, Rey. John P. Parsons was assigned to this field, where he arrived early in the following May.

low candles, more or less, which radiated from the speaker's desk, the frost gems on the walls gleamed as pearls of hope and urged to faith and prayer for the uprising of Zion's material walls." In this school-house, on the 80th of December, 1849, was organized the First Baptist church of St. Paul, with twelve constituent members, as follows: Rev. John P. Parsons, Mrs. Matilda Parsons, A. H. Cavender, Mrs. Elvira Cavender, Lyman Dayton, Mrs. Maria B. Dayton, Charles Stearns, Mrs. Cornelia Stearns, Miss Mary G. Stearns, Mrs. Samantha Easton, William H.

nition services were held." preached by Rev. William C. Brown of Stillwater, assisted by Rev. John Bates. 'The pastor gave the hand of fellowship and served the double capacity of pastor and deacon at the communion service, which followed.

- an emphatic reminder of one who 'from going to and fro in the earth, and from walking up and down it, was sure to come 'where the children of God were assembled together, when and where least expected and least wanted. A mantle of in- deposed centenarian chief. The day was intensely cold and this relic of human antiquity proposed to get warm by the school-house stove. He knew no Sabbath, and expected to find a group of bright faced children as on other days. The door, which opened direct from the outside world, flew back, and in the same twinkling of the eye the lithe old man in unique dress, bounded into the hollow square formed by benches around the stove! Words cannot paint the scene incident on the untimely intrusion. There was an order of exercise which his obtuse mind could not grasp, but in which his own 'hand of fellowship' must take part. So suddenly had the incongruous vision entered upon the sacred scene, that the right thought for the emergency seemed momentarily suspended. Finally an emphatic invitation to en-ton-ka, and his tour of the room was deferred and he remained a dazed looker-on until the close." members of this church residing there, became the constituency of that church. In the same year six persons were received into the church by letter, - a net gain of one. "That year a building lot was donated on Third street by H. M. Rice. Wantof financial foresight overruled an exchange for one on Mount Pisgah, which name was afterward, by common consent, lost in 'Baptist Hill.' Beautiful of situation and commanding in outlook of river, town and scenery, unsurpassed in loveliness, the location won public favor, citizens and strangers resorting to the eminence for sightseeing."

At the time of the organization of the church, the entire available capital of members, with the exception of two, who soon went out from it, 'did not exceed $1,000." But anew church edifice was resolved on, the ''foundation was laid" and the house enclosed, when work was suspended until the close of the winter of 1850-51. In May ''the pastor went East to raise funds for its completion, having previously arranged with money loaners so that the work was resumed. Success attended the effort, the last needed dollar with a margin for a bell and other fixtures had been raised, the house was finished and awaited a formal opening." Myr. Parsons started from Boston on his return by way of New York, from which city the chureh received the message: "Drugged, robbed, found insensible in the street." to his parish. and the first religious services ever held in that house, were the funeral services preparatory to his burial. The steamer on which he died brought him to St. Paul. His books showed over 82.300 collected and only $400 in drafts was found on his person.

'During these first years of church existence. A. H. Cavender was absolutely the man of all work, sexton, janitor and usher, into whatever bis hands found todo. 'Sunday morning of all other days was witness to his early rising, often a draft from his own wood shed supplied the church stoves of winter ere yet the audience to come, had looked through their frost encased window panes. Having the only avyailable Baptist turnout, Fanny lent her zeal to the cause during the interim of first and last bell, for the double purpose of keeping her owner from idleness and taking the aged and infirm to church, any in fact who could not otherwise get there."" On march 7th, 1852, Mr. Cavender was regularly ordained a deacon of the church, an office which he continues to fill to this day.

"The first baptism in the church history occured the first Sabbath in April, 1851, probably the first in the Mississippi river, north of the Iowa line, and the first in Minnesota." The administrator was Rey. J. Pb. Parsons, the eandidate, Thomas M. Fench. A scene so new. so novel to many, drew a large crowd of witnesses, including a conspicuous group of Sioux Indians. During the year the increase in numbers was four.

The second pastor of the church was Rev. T. R. Cressy, who was accorded a salary of S800 per annum, one fourth of which was to be paid by the church, which had increased in numbers to twenty-three. During his pastorate of two years the membership of the church increased to sixty, six of whom he baptized. Mr. Cressy resigned the pastorate to become state missionary.

In November, 1854, the church having been closed from June to that year, the services of Rey. A. M. Torbit were secured on a salary of $1,000 per annum, $400 of which was to be paid by the church. **Each year the demands on the church property had been met when due. and this year it was redeemed from mortgage," The original cost of this, their first church edifice, was about $2.500.

In 1857. after a pastorate of two years. and an increase in membership to eighty-seven, Mr. Torbit resigned to engage in an educational enterprise.

In September, 1857. Rey. John D. Pope was secured as a supply, and afew weeks later settled as a pastor. on a salary of $S00, Which was subsequently increased to $1.500. In 1862, the stone chapel on Wacouta street was built at a cost. including the lot. of about $12,000. It was opened for service New Years morning. 1863. Mr. Pope resigned in 1866. During his faithful pastorate of nine years, the longest in the history of the church, the membershij) was more than doubled.

In 1867, the chureh again secured a pastor. in the person of Rey. R. A. Patterson. somewhat known as an Evangelist, who served the echureh for three years. Early in his pastorate there was arevival of religion, and a number of additions to the chureh.

The sixth pastor of the church was secured in 1871, in the person of Rev. E. B. Hurlburt, a young man of*good judgment. fervent piety and pulpit powers of a highorder. Tis unselfish and zealous labors visibly affeeted his health. and believing that he ought not to accept the abatement of labor which he so much needed, and the echureh cheerfully offered to accord him, he resigned. in 1874, to settle in San Francisco, after a period of rest, leaving a membership of 274.

The year 1875 was made memorable in the completion and dedication of the elegant church strueture, on thecorner of Wacouta and Ninth streets at acost. including interest on temporary loans, of $93.850.95. To this should be added $16,000, the cost of the lot: ¥5.000, the contract price of the organ, and $800 the cost of the clock - the latter the generous gift of H. P. Uphamand L. E. Reed - making a total of $118,650.95. It is not too much to say, that in the beauty of its location, solidity of construction, and architectural effect and adaptation to use, it is unequalled by any other church edifice in St. Paul.

church was erected, very largely. through the liberality of the late Horace Thompson, who gave liberally of his means, and. what was quite as valuable, he gave time and painstaking attention, extending even to the minutest details. councils of the church, he never arrogated to himself an influence which he did not cheerfully accord to others, and he deserves to be held in remembrance by all who may worship in that beautiful temple.

asa supply, and some months later was chosen pastor, a position which he continues to fill with conspicuous ability and acceptance to the chureh, Which is now (July, 1881.) increased to a membership of 362.

Swedish Baptist church was organized May ISth. 1873; the church building, which was of wood, 20x38, with about 120 seatings, erected in 1876. The first pastor was John Ongman. Deacons, C. Schesby and O.S. Sundberg. Secretary, G. O. Ostergreen. Membership at organization. 11; number of members at present, 97. There is a Sunday school connected with religious instruction. the study of the Bible, and discussing religious topics. and distributing religious tracts among their countrymen. Also a young woman's association for the same objects as above stated, of the young men's association. The congregation intend building a new and larger church some time during the year, (1881), as the present church is entirely too small to accommodate the people. A. B. Nordberg; treasurer, G. O. Ostergreen; secretary, G. King: trustees, Nils Nilson, C. Loun, H. G. Hagevark, G. O. Ostergreen, E. Ostergreen.

The First German Baptist church of St. Paul was organized on the 3d day of August, 1878. The same day Hl. J. Miller was ordained, and became its pastor; he served in that capacity until the first of August, 1874.

Mr. Abr. Janzen. Jr., was elected clerk of the church August 3d, 1873, and has filled that position with honor to himself and profit to the church ever since.

Mr. D. Kromer has served the church as deacon from the 4th of April, 1875, until now. 1881. Mr. F. Gehrmannsen has also been one of the deacons of the chureh from April, 1875, until the present time. Mr. E. Blum was one of the deacons of the church from April 4th, 1875, to the 14th of March, 1877.

' served the church from October Ist, 1879, to October Ist, 1880. From December Ist, 1880, to April Ist.1881,a student of the Theological Seminary of Rochester New York, supplied the chureh.

Pilgrim Baptist church, (colored), located corner of Cedar and 12th streets, St. Paul. It was started in 1863 under the charge or Rev. Hickman as preacher, by holding meetings in Music Hall on Third street. They drew good audiences, an average of 100 persons, white and _ black. They held their meetings in several places about town for about ten years before they were able to have achurch building. In 1872 they bought a lot on the corner of Cedar and 12th streets, and put up a building 35x75, which will seat a congregation of 300 people. Material used in building, stone and wood. Lot and building cost 32,400. They have at present a membership of 75. The Rey. Robert Hickman still holds the position as pastor. He was only a licensed minister until 1877, when he was regularly ordained.

whom were P. W. Nichols, P. P. Furber, Wm. L. Phinney, and H. C. Wilson. For several weeks prior to the formal organization of the chureh, public worship had been held in Concert Hall, Rey. J. J. Hill, of Glencoe, Minnesota, having preached the first sermon on Sabbath, May 16th, 1858. of the Congregational church in Fair Haven, Connecticut, who was sojourning in Minnesota, enterprise. and began his work on November 4th, of that year. very successful, and as the result, a large congregation was gathered, and many valuable members were received.

Meanwhile, work was begun on the chapel, in Goodrich street, which was completed, paid for and dedicated November 4th, 1859. Mr. Hart concluded his labors with the young church in April, and returned to his former home, in Connecticut. Rev. A. P. Fiske, a graduate of Amherst College, was next called to the pastorate. and entered upon his labors in May, 1859, and was installed as the first pastor of the church, on July 6th, 1860. He remained not quite two years, resigning in April, 1862, to enter the army as Chaplain of the Fourth Regiment of Minnesota Volunteers. Years of struggle and darkness ensued, marked by faith and sacrifice on the part of those who were members of the church and society. Rev. Silas Hawley supplied the pulpit for one year after the departure of Mr. Fiske. After him came Rev. J. F. Dudley, a graduate of Dartmouth, and of Bangor Theological Seminary. He remained with the church a little more than three years, leaving in August, 1866. Though never installed, his ministry was characterized by great faithfulness, and attended with success. Under him the church grew in strength, and though it had many difficulties to contend with, held its own, and prospered not a little. Rey. J. L. White succeeded Mr. Dudley. and as acting pastor ministered to the church from November, 1866, to April 30th, 1881. He was a graduate of Oberlin and Andover. These years were marked by alternations of light and shade. Yet notwith- fidelity of those who stood by this church, which alone, in the growing city, represented the faith and polity of the New England pilgrims, it did not fulfil the promise of its earlier days. It was overshadowed by older and stronger churches, was inconveniently located in a chapel which was small and uninviting.

In August, 1871, Rev. C. M. Terry, of New Bedford, Massachusetts. supplied the pulpit a few Sabbaths. Just about this time the question of removal and of building a new church began to be discussed, and the first pledges to the build_ ing fund were received. In October, Mr. Terry received a unanimous call to become pastor of the ehureh, which he accepted in March, 1872. In the following June he took up the work of the pastorate. His coming and efforts gave a new impetus to the project of building. Lots were purchased on the corner of Wabasha street and Summit Avenue, and the corner stone of the new edifice was laid June 27th, 1872. The chapel was completed and occupied for public religious service October 6th. 1872. The remainder of the building was finished in March, 1873. The dedicatory exercises were held July 19th, when Mr. Terry was also installed pastor. The total cost of the grounds and the building, with its equipment, amounted te about $33,000. This achievement indicated the growing strength and enterprise of the church, which society was in numbers and wealth by no means large. Mr. Terry's ministry was a most useful and successful one, though failing health greatly interfered with the work which had grown upon his hands. He was, in consequence, compelled to resign his pastorate, which he did, August 26th, 1877, and was dismissed the following September.

Rey. Dr. Dana, of the Park church, Norwich, Connecticut, was then called, to succeed Mr. Terry, and began his labors with the church in March, 1878, and was installed pastor May 9th, the same year. Under Dr. Dana the church took a new start and entered upon a period of unprecedented prosperity and growth. The church membership was very largely augmented, during 1878 and "80; the church debt was paid, anda high degree of efficiency in every department of chureh work attained. At last the dreams of the projectors of this Congregational church were fully as a church of power throughout the city and commonwealth. Already, though, in its mission operations, it is reaching out, planting the seeds of a second Congregational chureh, in the east part of the city. The names of the goodly workers, who through days of weakness and struggle nurtured this church to its present estate, are gratefully cherished. . CHRIST CHURCH - EPISCOPAL.

In the month of June. 1850, the Rev. Messrs: J. Lloyd Breck. Timothy Wileoxson and J. V. Merrick, arrived in St. Paul and proceeded at once to establish a mission of the protestant Episcopal church. The population of the town was then about twelve hundred. vices of the church were held in a school-house on what is now West Third street. conducted by Rey. Messrs. Breck. Wileoxson and Gear, on Sunday, June 30th, 1850.

A meeting of the citizens of St. Paul was soon after called to meet at the residence of Mr. H. A. Lambert. at which meeting the initiatory steps were taken looking to the building of a church.

The corner stone was laid on Thursday, September 5th. 1850, by the Rey. E. G. Gear, clergy present and assisting in the services, the Revs. Messrs. Breck, Wilcoxson and Merrick. The

This first church was erected on the corner of Cedar and Fourth streets ata cost of $1.275. The church was consecrated by the Rt. Rey. Jackson Kemper, D. D., on the 20th of July, 1851.

The church was placed under the charge of the associate mission of the Protestant Episcopal chureh of St. Paul, which at that time consisted of the three clergy, Revs. Messrs. Breck, Wilcoxson and Merrick.

In April, 1852, the Rev. J. Lloyd Breck was Dr. Breck retained the rectorship for afew months, when he resigned to establish an Indian mission in the northern of the territory. The Rev. Timothy Wileoxson succeeded him in the rectorship and remained in charge of the church until the fall of 1854. when having resigned, the Rev. J. V. Van Ingen, D. D., was elected, and entered upon the rectorship in October of the same year.

The very acceptable and successful incumbenecy of Dr. Van Ingen, continued until December, 1861, when having accepted the chaplaincy ot a New York regiment, he tendered his resignation, which was regretfully accepted.

In August, 1862, the Rev. S. Y. McMasters, D. D., accepted an election to the rectorship of Christ church, and entered upon his duties ina His rectorship continued for a space of more than fourteen years, when he was taken to his rest, full of years and honors. To the Rey. Dr. McMasters, the present prosperity of Christ church is largely due, and his memory will ever be cherished by the people of St. Paul of all denominations. The Rev. W. P. Ten Broeck succeeded to the rectorship in June, 1876, and remained in charge until October, 1880.

The present church edifice was erected during the rectorship of the Rev. Dr. MceMasters at a cost of $20,000, and was opened for divine service This present is the third edifice built by the congregation of Christ church. The second having been destroyed by fire just after its completion in 1871.

St. Paul's Church (Episcopal), was organized December, 1856. Corner stone laid July 14th, 1857. Material of building, limestone; cruciform in shape; has a seating capacity of four hundred and fifty people.

There were present on this occasion the Right Rey. Alonzo Potter, bishop of Pennsylvania, who preached the sermon, and there were one hundred people present. The corner stone of St. Paul's was laid by Bishop Kemper, and the building was built in 1865,and is located near thechurch. An organ was purchased in 1870 at a cost of $3,500; the cost of the church building was $15.000; rectory $1,500; in 1880 an addition was built ata cost of $1,000. under the direction of the first rector, except the last one, which was made under the direction of the present rector.

bishop 178 persons for confirmation, solemnized 146 marriages, and officiated at 248 funerals. At his decease his parish was considerably reduced

St. John's inthe Wilderness, White Bear. Services weekly during the summer, by the rector. Services monthly (first Sunday), during the winter. Rev. E. S. Thomas, rector. There are eighteen families connected with this mission.

Ladies Sewing Society. Mus. Oakes, president; Mrs. Brunson, vice-president; Mrs. Hale. treasurer; directresses, Mrs. Hamilton. Miss Whiting, Object: church furnishing.

Ladies Missionary Society. Mrs. Breed, president; Mrs. Potter, treasurer. Directresses, Mrs. Washington, Mrs. Hunt, Mrs. Dalrymple, Mrs. Beardslee. Object: To send boxes to the missionaries.

Sunday School Aid Society. Mrs. Becker, president; Miss Whiting. secretary and treasurer. Object; to clothe the poor Sunday school children,

Saint Luke's Hospital owned and conducted by both St. Paul and Christ parishes, is a commodious brick building. costing about $10.000. Mrs. IIenry Hale, president; Miss Braden, treasurer. Visitors from St. Paul's church: Mrs. Breed, Mrs. Hunt, Mrs. J. L. Merriam, Mrs. Dalrymple, Mrs. F. B. Bass, Mrs. Rhodes, Mrs. Best, Mrs. Carpenter. Mrs. W. R. Merriam, Mrs. Washington, Mrs. Belote, Mrs. Brunson.

Saint Cecilia Society. Myr. Draper, president; Miss Champlain, secretary. Organists: Miss Crocker, Mr. Rice, Mrs. Draper, Mrs. Thomas. Choir master, Mr, Dimmick. Meet first Mondays in the month. Object: To furnish music for week day services.

There are two sewing schools connected with this parish, the objects of which are, to teach children of poor parents to sew, and present them with the garments made. There is a parish school connected with St. Paul's church, under the direction of Mrs. Mary G. Clinch, with twenty-five scholars.

Parish of the Good Shepherd. In the book of records of the Church of the Good Shepherd, is found the following passage. written | by the rector, William C. Pope: 'In the begin- | ning of the year 1867, I was doing missionary , Dr. MeMas- -

The idea was most favorably received by me; indeed, it had been my desire for several years to do just such work in this city. Before I had taken orders, oftentimes had I, looking down from the bluff on which I lived, on to the * flat at the rear

With the approval of the bishop. work was immediately begun. in Mackubin's block. on the fifth Sunday after Easter, May 26th. The parish church was dedieated October 6th. 1869. The working body of the church is the guild. or body of the communicants, organized into a society. was effected August 2d,1870. Of those who have given time, money and personal services to the advancement of God's glory, she who has given most, desires her name to be left unwritten, but her memory will be cherished long after she shall have been taken away from the scene of her labors of love and offerings of faith.

Mr. Hoyt died in the fall of 1877. Respecting him the following is found in the book of minutes of the vestry. 'We desire to enter on our book of records the expression of our sense of loss in the decease of our brother, the senior warden. There are but few minutes of meetings . since the organization of the parish in which his name does not appear. With his decease closes a chapter of the parish history. The parish will be a fortunate one if it shall in the future have vestrymen as conscientious and intelligent as he who has gone to rest."

The Mission of Ascension was re-organized in 1880. The clergy that have been connected with the parish since its organization, other than the rector, are the Rev. J. Berne, the Rev. H. Kitt- ' son, and the Rey. James St. Lawrence. The parish church is located on the corner of Cedar 'and 12th streets. The membership numbers over 200.

There is also a parish school connected with the church under the supervision of the rector, ' Rev. W. C. Pope. The school numbers about 40 pupils.

Frame chapel was built in May same year, on _ the corner of Ashland and Mackubin streets, was ' organized as a parish in April of the same year, | Rev. H. Kittson being its first rector.

As a result of this action. we have now the Chapel of the Resurrection, with an adjoining house occupied by the lay reader in charge - he who offered his house for a Sunday school building. into existence. Its object is, first, to mold the characters of the scholars, by training them in a manner conformable with the principles of Holy Writ; and secondly, to present facts to them as they are seen by the church.

Trinity, Church

. ehurch of all Evangelical Lutheran churches in St. Paul. The beginning of this church was in 1855, when the Rev. Mr. F. Wier preached his first sermon in the court house and continued to hold services there from time to time until 1857. The Rey. C. F. Iyer succeeded Mr. Wier, who held his servic?s in a school-house on Fort street, preached his first sermon November 22d, 1857, his audience consisted of about 30 persons. Healso preached several times in the English language

They at first only built and finished the basement, - gregation at that time consisting of thirteen memin which they held services for some time, the Rey. Mr. Hyer preaching the first sermon in this basement to a very large German audience. The Rey. Mr. Hyer having been sent by a missionary society to start this chureh, he having accomplished his mission, departed, and Rey. G. Fachtmann, a member of the Lutheran synod of Wisconsin, took his place May 4th, 1862. The congregation had increased to such an extent as | to enable them to complete the church, which was accomplished October 18th, 1863, on which day the dedication services were held. The church is built of stone, size, 50x80 feet. with seating capacity for 450 to 500 persons. Cost of building, $4,000. In October, 1867, Mr. Fachtmann resigned, and the Rev. J. H. Sieker took charge of the church. an organ was put in the church at an expense of $1,200.

In 1871 the congregation had become so large that they deemed it best to divide, which they did, and forthwith built St. John's church, which may be called an offspring of Trinity church. In June, 1876, the Rey. O. Spehr was called by Trinity church to be its pastor; he was a member of the Missouri synod. He remained until 1879, and was succeeded March 15th, same year, by the Rey. M. Tirmenstein from New Orleans, who was also a member of the Missouri Lutheran synod, and who is still pastor of the Trinity church.

A parochial school has always been connected with the church for which purpose the basement of the church was used, until 1880, when they bought a lot on the corner of Wabasha and Tilden streets for #5,000, and built a school house 25x80 feet, (divided into four school rooms), at a cost of $4,000. Number of pupils attending school, about 200, with three instructors. Both English and Germanare taught. They also have a Sabbath school connected with the church, average attendance about 350. Membership of church, 700 communicants. In 1861 the congre- gation purchased two acres of land near Lake Como. for a cemetery, at $50 per acre. St. John's church uses the same burial ground. The present value of the land is #500 per acre.

Zion Chureh, Evangelical Lutheran. is located corner Ninth and Rosabel streets, St. Paul. The church was founded in December, 1863, the conbers. In the winter of 1864. the lot on which it stands was purchased, upon a part of which the pastor's residence was built the following spring. In October of the same year the first chureh building,a small frame structure twenty-four by forty. was completed. In 1865 a parochial school was opened. the first class numbering about a dozen pupils, were taught by the pastor in his residence. During the following summer a small schoolhouse was erected in the rear of the church. In 1858 Mr. Car] Hesserli was engaged to teach the class, Which had increased to a large number. In 1872 a new school-house was built, which furnished accomodations for seventy scholars. During the past few years the class has numbered on an average from fifty to sixty scholars. Religious instruction is given every morning in Biblical history and the Lutheran catechism is explained. the other studies are such as are taught now consists of about one hundred and seventy members. In the fall of 1880 the church was enlarged and many improvements made, a tall and graceful spire added, and it is now one of the nicest little churches in the city. The Rey. E. Rolf has been pastor of the church during the past eighteen years. Mr. Rolf is a graduate of the Lutheran Concordia Seminary of Fort Wayne, Indiana. The church has its own cemetery adjoining the city burying ground, containing five acres of land and is beautifully situated. The church building is of wood, twenty-four by seventy-four feet, with a seating capacity of 250, costing about $2,500. The whole church property, including parsonage and school-house, is now worth $10,000. There is a Sunday school in connection with the church with an average attendance of sixty scholars.

was organized in 1872 with about one 150 members. It is located on East Eighth street. The corner stone was laid in June, 1872, and the building was finished ready for worship the same year. The material used in its construction is stone for the foundation and basement, and wood for the upper part; it has a nice tower and spire. The basement contains two good-sized rooms. and is occupied by a parochial school through the week and by the Sabbath school on Sunday. The size of the building is forty by eighty feet and has a seating capacity of 500 persons. The cost of the structure was $7.000, and a parsonage on the same lotis valued at about $1,500. The present membership is 350. The first officers of the society were as follows: President, W. Lindeke; treasurer, G. Hess; secretary. Charles Passavant; trustees, H. Kroeger, G. Hess, W. Lindeke; wardens and vestrymen, W. Geiselmann, L. Sutmar. Theo. Wehmezer, C. Hilker. W. Schulenburg. The present officers are: President, W. Lindeke; treasurer, G. Hess; secretary, C. Heinrich; trustees: W. Lindeke, Charles Hermeyer, C. Hess; wardens and vestrymen, W. Geiselmann, L. Sutmar, Ch. Schmidt. C. Hilker. The first pastor was W. Streisgut, from 1872 to 1580; the present pastor is O. Hoyer. The school connected with and controlled by the church, has seventy-four scholars. Both English and German are taught by Mr. O. Benz, the present teacher. The Sunday school has an attendance of about one hundred and fifty scholars and meets every Sunday, when the Lutheran catechism is explained. The congregation owes allegiance to the Evangelical Lutheran synod of the stateof Minnesota. The present value of the chureh property. including the parsonage, is $15,000. The congregation owns a cemetery in connection with Trinity Lutheran church, which contains twenty acres of land. near Lake Como. It is ina very fine location and is beautifully laid out. and also has some beautiful monuments.

Immanuel chureh, German Evangelical Luther- Is located on Caroline street, West St. Paul, was organized in 1872, with seven members. Present membership twenty-five. First officers: president, W. Erdmann; treasurer, J. Reimers; secretary, A. Hoppe; trustees, W. Kautak, W. Zinke.

J. H. Sieker of Trinity church, German Evangelical Lutheran, at first took charge of the congregation as its pastor. In 1876, Rey. E. Achillis was eleeted pastor, but owing to ill health he discontinued his services and at present Rey. O. Hoyer, pastor of St. John's church has charge of the congregation. This church is also under the control of the Evangelical Lutheran synod of Minnesota.

First Swedish Lutheran Evangelical church. On the 25th of Mareh, 1854, religious services in the Swedish language were held for the first time in St. Paul, at the house of F. Mobeck, near ''Moffet's Castle." John Swanson read a sermon from a book. After that, services were held at the same place until the arrival of the Rev. Erland Carlson from Chicago. On May 6th, 1854, he organized the congregation, and rented a school-house on Fourth street, in which services were held. At that time the congregation numbered between thirty and forty. In 1855, Mobeck went to Chisago county, and Johan Johnson became leader of the congregation. Services were held in Washington school-house on Eighth street, and in Martin Nelson's house on Olmsted street. The congregation was incorporated in 1858. About 1861, Rey. E. Norelius was pastor for a short time, but the congregation being too poor to pay his salary, he had to leave, and Johan Johnson again became leader.

In 1867, a church was built on Stillwater and Woodward Avenues, which has been enlarged and is now twenty-eight feet wide and eighty feet in length. and has a tower seventy feet high. The church has two rooms; and a gallery is well furnished throughout. Rev. J. Ausland became pastor of the congregation in 1871, and continued until 1877, when Rev. A. P. Monten, present pastor assumed the charge.

The congregation numbers between seven and. eight hundred, and there are five hundred con:municants, the membership increasing with every month. ;

The attendance each Sabbath fills the chureh to its utmost capacity, and the society is contemplating the purchase of lots and the erection of a new church edifice of larger dimensions. Services are held morning and evening of each Sabbath, and two evenings during each week. A Young Men's society has been organized under the au-

The Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Mission Congregation, is located at numbers 70 and 72 Bradley street, St. Paul. The church was organized on the first day of April. 1874. with a very few members. The name of their first pastor was A, Lidman. who remained with them only a short time, not quite a year. The church made but little progress under his charge. Their second pastor, Mr. A. Sundberg, was a man of considerable ability, but the church did not seem to prosper very much under his charge. and after two years' service he removed. The present pastor, Rey. John F. Soderstrom, is a man of more than ordinary ability, and is very earnest in his church work. He took charge of the church in 1877, and by his untiring devotion and zeal in the cause of the Gospel he has brought the membership up to nearly seventy families. The Sunday school attached to the church has an ayerage attendance of one hundred scholars. They meet every Sunday afternoon from 3:50 to 4:50.

St. Pauls Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran chureh was organized and incorporated December 20th, 1869. Its first location was on Mt. Airy street. The present is on the corner of Canada and Thirteenth streets. This church, at its organization, had about fifty members; it has grown very rapidly. Although a great many members have moved away, its present membership is two hundred and twenty. There is a Sunday school connected with the church, with an average attendance of between forty and fifty scholars. The first pastor was the Rey. O. A. Normann; the first trustees were: R. Olsen, 8. Jensen, A.

-aulsen; B. P. Miller, treasurer; 8. Peterson, secretary, The present pastor, W. M. H. Peterson, is a young man of energy, and more than ordinary ability as a preacher. He is hard at work, among his congregation and outside of it, collecting funds to build a new chureh, which he has no doubt he will accomplish this coming summer. The new church will have a seating capacity of five hundred. The building to cost not less than $5,000. The present trustees are,

The Emanuel church evangelical association was organized in 1856. by Rev. A. Tarnutzer, pastor. with twenty members. This small flock built a neat little church the following year (1857) on the corner of Pine and Eleventh streets, with a seating capacity for two hundred persons. On the eleventh day of October. the same year, the church was dedicated by the Rev. A. Blank, presiding elder of the Milwaukee district. At the dedication, the following clergymen were present and assisted in the ceremonies: J. G. Eshler, A. Tarnutzer, and A. Iluelster; the two last named, and several other pastors of country churches filling the pulpit alternately. The first trustees were Philip Feldhauser, Jacob Gabel, and Ferdinand Dieter. In 1574, the church was improved by adding a graceful spire. The congregation own a parsonage located in the rear of the church, on Vine street: they also have a cemetery belonging to the church. There is also a mission chapel connected with the church. located on Goodrich Avenue, for the object of missionary and school work. Owing to the fact that every year more or less of the members moyed away. the congregation did not grow as rapidly as it ought. The present as a mission, April, 1880. with about twentyfive members. Rey. W. Friebolin, pastor or missionary. His work, thus fav has been entirely missionary work. He received his appointment from the board of missions of the synod of the North-west. This little body of Christians have been prosperous, their membership having increased in one year to forty. There is a mission Sabbath school connected with the church, with an average attendance of fifty scholars.

store. Robert street. attend." The public that accepted the invitation the next day consisted of twenty-one men, six ladies and seven children. Rev. F. R. Newell. then a merchant in the city, preached, and the services continued under his charge till the next Octover. Then the light went out.

It glimmered again for a moment in 1865, when Unitarian services were held in the court house for afew summerSundays. But that same season the Universalists organized a vigorous young church. under Rey. Herman Bisbee. and their brother liberals left the field to them. The Universalists prospered. built the stone church opposite the capitol. on Wabasha street. and all went well until the people divided over the doctrines of a proposed new pastor.

February, 1872. began meetings of their own in Knauft's Hall. with Rev. J. R. Effinger for pastor. The first board of trustees was W. L. Ames. Joseph S. Sewall. W. H. Kelley, Daniel MeCaine. Edward Sawyer: H. P. Grant, secretary and treasurer. This time the venture thrived, though not without hard struggle and aid from the East. The people soon moved to the tiny church on Temperance street, just vacated by

First Universalist Society Of St. Paul

The original organization of this society was effected May 7th, 1865, in Ingersoll hall, a threestory stone structure at the junction of Third, Wabasha and Bench streets. The preliminary steps to its organization were taken a week previously, April 30th, by the appointment of a committee to draft a constitution. Under the constitution, the society was to be known either as the *- First Universalist Society of St. Paul," or "The Church of the Messiah." The first officers of the society were, R. Blakely. president: W. D. Washburn, Charles Leonard and R. Blakely, trustees: A. A. Clifford, secretary; C. Leonard, treasurer. A Sunday school was organ:zed in connection with the society, May 21st, 1865.

The society became a corporation January 30th. 1865. The first officers under the articles of incorporation were, Russell Blakely, president; Charles Leonard, treasurer; W. H. Grant, secre- hard, brown seats and stained pine pulpit seemed. On March 10th. 1873, they were incorporated as a religious society. under the state laws. fall of 1875, they were strong enough to move again. to the then unused Universalist church. But in the following spring. Mr. Effinger's failing health compelled him to resign his good work. Rey. W. J. Parrot preached for a few months. Since March, 1877. W. C. Gannett has been the pastor. The society re-organized its articles of incorporation, February 4th, 1581. And now they are building a church of their own on Wa- ration. In June, 1866, the society purchased lots 4, 5 and 6, in block 7, Bazille and Guerin's addition fora church site. Rev. Herman Bisbee was the pastor of the society from its first organization until November 11th. 1867, when his resignation took effect. February 3d, 1867, the society changed its place of worship from Armory hall to Christ church. a frame building erected and

October Ist, following, ground was broken for the erection of the building. on the lots before described. The excavation was completed. and the walls raised to the water-table that season. The following season. 1868. the walls were com_ pleted, the roof put on and the basement finished for the use of the society, and services held there on and after January 31st, 1869. until September 29th. 1872, when the auditorium being finished, services were held in it. entire building being completed and furnished,

Exchange and Wabasha streets. is of Gothic architecture, wall and tower of blue lime-stone, stained glass windows, and beautifully frescoed walls and ceiling of the auditorium.

The building was, in the spring of 1881, sold to the St. Louis society, (French Catholic) and by them dedicated to their use, April 24th. 1881.

president; Charles Leonard, treasurer; J. Bb. Chaney, secretary, and R. Blakeley, C. Leonard, A. Worley, E. E. Hughson and Mrs. Ellen Blakeley, trustees.

This body of Christians. popularly known as the Swedenborgians, call themselves ''The New Jerusalem church," believing the promulgation of | their doctrines to be represented by the descent of the New Jerusalem treated of in the Revelations. The Rev. Edward C. Mitchell, originally of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, but then of Minneapolis, began in October, 1872, to lecture on the doctrines of the new church, in the lecture room of the Young Men's Christian Association, on Third street, St. Paul, on Sunday evenings. On June Ist, 1873, a society, or church, was formed in St. Paul, having eighteen members. Since that time, seven new members have united, two have removed from the city, and three have died, leaving a membership of twenty. The society continued to hold Sunday evening services in the Young Men's Christian Association rooms, until the summer vacation of 1876, when they purchased the old red brick Methodist whole In the chureh the usual morning and evening services are held, and the Sunday school at noon. Much of the preaching in the New Jerusalem chureh is devoted to developing the inward and spiritual meaning of the texts of the Bible, and in applying their higher truths to the government of the daily life.

The present officers are the following: pastor, and superintendent of Sunday school, Rev. E. C. Mitchell: chairman of church committee, Hon. W. R. Marshall: secretary, Hon. John M. Gilhis residence to St. Paul, to give his

Mt. Zion congregation (Ilebrew) was organized and received a charter February 26th, 1857. The following officers were elected: President, H. Cole; vice-president, J. Mendelsen; secretary, L. Philips: trustee, Jacob Neuman. They held reglar annual meetings in 1858-59, and elected officers, but after 1859 and before the annual meeting of 1860, the society discontinued to hold meetings. In October, 1869, they re-organized and elected the following officers: President, Jacob Neuman; vice-president, Joseph Bergfeldt; treasurer, J. Rose; secretary, B. Rose; trus-

Fifth streets, and fitted it up for their use, publicly dedicating it on Sunday morning, July 16th, 1876, the Rey. E. C. Mitchell, officiating. Mr. Mitchell continued to serve both churches until May 15th, 1880, when he resigned the pastorate of the Minneapolis society, and removed

At a meeting of August 21st, 1870, they resolved to.buy a lot which 'they did on Tenth street, corner of Minnesota street: size, 50x110 and erected a synagogue on the same; size, 28x56; material, wood; cost of lot and building, about $12,000. It has a seating capacity of 150 persons. The synagogue was dedicated to the worship of God in January, 1871, by the Rey. E. Epstein, of Milwaukee, since which time it has been open for worship. They held regular annual meetings, and held elections for officers each year,in April. The present officers are: President, S. Bergman; vice-president, Julius Austin; recording secretary, B. H. Plechner; financial secretary, M. Wittleshofer; treasurer, L. Goodkind; trustees, J. Rose, H. S. Haas, A. Sternberg, 8. N. Cardozo; Rev. Judah Wechsler, Present membership, 46. It is the intention of the congregation as soon as they can perfect arrangements, to put up a new synagogue which will outdo anything of the kind west and north of Chicago. The estimated cost will be

Mt. Zion cemetery was organized June 5th. 1856, and the ground, one-half acre. $150. In 1872 it was 'feneed. and otherwise improved. and is now a yery fine burying ground. There have been forty interments since the grounds have been opened.

Hebrew Congregation, Sons of Jacob, (Bnai Jacob.) This orthodox congregation worshiping according to ancient rite, as inherited by and handed down to them from their ancestors, and believing in unity of the Godhead, and no plurality, which is foreign to their belief. organized March 20th, 1875. with twelve members. at 252 Robert street. St. Paul, where divine service was held. Rev. J. Goldstein officiating. and the fol- every Sunday afternoon. Owing to the increased work at home, the chaplain was obliged to discontinue the evangelistic work, and confined himself exclusively to the Bethel mission work proper. The Bethel mission is sustained by voluntary contributions from the business men of St. Paul, and the chureh collections throughout the state. The first officers were: R. W. Johnson, president; E. W. Chase, secretary; Parker Paine, treasurer: Robert Smith, chaplain. The general work of this organization is among the sailors on our lakes, river men, lumbermen, and railroad men, in fact all such men as have no special church home. The society has had a steady treasurer, A. Marks; secretary, G. Caplin; trustees, A. Kaufman, D. Goodman. April 6th, 1877, the congregation purchased a piece of land for a cemetery. On the 15thof August. 1879, the

It has They received great encouragement from many liberal disposed fellow men of other denominations and will soon be able to erect a house of worship becoming the great city of the North-west, St. Paul. The following gentlemen are its officers for the current year: Rabbi, J. D. Friedman; president, N.

The Western Seaman's Friend society. About 40 years ago, a society by the above name, of which this is a branch, was inaugurated in Cleveland Ohio, for the seamen of the lakes, and was afterwards extended to the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. The society at St. Paul was organized in 1873. On the first day of April Mr. Robert Smith, the chaplain, started out in this work, preaching in the streets and all along the rivers from St. Paul to Winona, and between St. Paul and Duluth, during the summer season, and in the winter he was engaged in evangelistic work, preaching mostly in the rural districts.

its general mission work, and has done a vast amount of good, probably as much as any church in the city. The society is fully endorsed by all the evangelical bodies of the state, and its chaplain meets with a hearty welcome to their pulpits. The present ofticers are as follows: Capt. J. H. Reaney, president; S. F. Bunneman, vice-president; E. W. Chase, secretary; R. W. Johnson, treasurer; Robert Smith. chaplain.

The Young Men's Christian Association of St. Paul, was organized August 11th, 1856. Its history and work may be appropriately divided into five periods, viz., the '* Formative,' the '* Library," the '"' Army Work," the ' City Missionary, and the " Secretaryship."

The Formative Period - from August 11th, 1856, to 1861. Prior to the first named date, a call drawn up and circulated by D. D. Merrill, Esq.. was read in the pulpits of the various churches in the city; in response to which. a meeting of those interested in the formation of an association was held in the First Presbyterian church, on the evening of July 28th, 1856. The meeting was presided over by Rev, Mr. Riheldaffer, and after an address, explaining the object and aims of the meeting, by Rey. Mr. Torbit, pastor of the First Baptist church, a resolution '' That a Young Meu's Christian Association be formed in St. Paul," was unanimously adopted, and the association formally organized.

"The object of this association," said its original constitution, shall be the improvement of the spiritual, mental and social condition of young men, by such means as shall be hereinafter designated, or shall from time to time be adopted by the association." } Eighteen persons placed their names upon the roll of members on its first call, as follows : Rey. J. G. Riheldaffer, Rey. A. M. Torbit, L. Marvin, W. R. Brown. G. A. Couplin, «A. W.

_ be best accomplished by consolidating them. A plan of union was accordingly formed, each body | donating its library to anew organization, com- owing to the influence of the hard times of 1857, upon our young city,and partly to other causes.this work done in these years is seen, in retrospect, to be largely experimental. Much of this time the association was without rooms of its own. and it was not until a five years' lease of a hall in D. W. Ingersoll's block - then newly erected - was obtained on very liberal terms, that the association really had a home, and entered upon its sec- | ond, or library period, extending from early in 1861, to October, 1863. During this time the association, although holding regular Bible class and other religious meetings, and securing the services of many public lecturers, devoted its energies mainly to the increase of its library, and

In the meantime the Mercantile Library Association had been formed, haying a small library, and many members of each organization began to feel that the real objects of both libraries would posed of corporators appointed by themselves; the society thus formed. being called the St. Paul Library association, the books thus contributed forming the nucleus of the fine library now in possession of that organization.

The period of the army work extended from The war had now been in progress for some time, and the work of the Christian commission was being extended and perfected. and on the 20th of November, 1863. this association received from the commis-

Ata meeting held the same evening, the association constituted itself 'The Army Committee for the state of Minnesota of the United States Christian commission, "thus entering upon a work large enough to engage fully the zeal and energy of the most active, enthusiastic Christian laborers.

sent here from the central office of the commission, for distribution on the frontier and otherwise. The devotional meetings, Bible classes, etc., of the association were not neglected.

A city missionary was employed in 1868, which gave rise to the fourth period in the history of the association, because it was under this plan that the great work of 'relief,' which it carried on had been thoroughly systematized, and all branches of its work received new life and strength. During the years of 1866 and 1867, this work of relief was carried on by ward commit-

| tees, but its rapidly increasing proportions imperatively demanded more time and attention than could be given by the business of those who largely comprised them. Atthe request of tle association. Rev. E. 8. Chase consented to assume this charge, and performed the duties with fidelity and acceptance until called to another field of labor, in September, 1869.

For more than three years a pleasant and well furnished reading room, consisting of a small library and more than forty of the best and most popular periodicals of the day, had been kept and "71, least were in charge of the association. E. W. Chase was continued in the service of the association from 1870, to May, '76, as secretary and city missionary, when he resigned to engage ina somewhat similar work under the auspices of another organization. During these six years of labor in the association, he rendered assistance to thousands, both as to their temporal and spiritual necessities. The library contained at this time was begun and accomplished during his connection with the association, especially among the boys, and soldiers at Fort Snelling, and the read-

The fifth period, which dates from June Ist, 1876, and still continues, began with a reorganization of this excellent institution and the appointing of a general secretary. tution was adopted by the members present, at the general meeting of the association held at the rooms on the evening of June Ist, 1876.

In the spring of 1877, new rooms were secured in the Odd Fellows' building, corner Fifth and Wabasha streets, and in April, the association moved into its new quarters which it still occupies. Here the reading room is very attractive, being furnished with chairs, pictures, and supplied with plenty of good books, papers and magazines. The lecture room well furnished and lighted, is used'for holding the different meetings of the association.

Besides maintaining four mission stations, a Bible class was held at the rooms every Sabbath afternoon for the study of the international lesson, having an average attendance of over forty members. Soon after the resignation of Mr. Houghton, a call was extended to Mr. E. A. Holdridge, of New York, to serve as the general secretary of the association. After due deliberation he accepted, and entered upon the duties of this office in June. 1878, which position he held very acceptably until February, 1880, when he tendered his resignation. The compiler of this sketch not haying Mr. Holdridge's reports at hand can give no special account of the work done by him.

and the Home for the Friendless. A more exrailroad men. and in other parts of thecity. Educational classes also are being organized, which we trust will prove a great help to all who will avail themselves of the advantages offered in the way of receiving instruction in certain branches.

The association has always been fortunate in having the entire confidence of the pastors and Christian laymen of the city, and, indeed, the hearty good-will and support of all good men and women familiar with its earnest and efficient work.

Ramsey County Bible Society, auxilary to the American Bible Society. The object of the society is to promote the circulation of the holy scriptures, without note or comment, and in English, those of the commonly received versions. Was organized January 9th, 1867. Executive committee, D. W. Ingersoll, John Nicols, W. J. Smith, H. M. Knox, J. G. Riheldaffer, D. D. Merrill. D. W. Ingersoll, president. Officers for 1881: E. M. Van Duzen, president; M. L. Corning, vice president; H. K. Taylor, secretary; James Davenport, treasurer. Executive committee, B. F. Wright, George T. Woodward, W.

Oakland Cemetery Association

was organized at a meeting of the citizens of Ramsey county on the 27th day of June, 1853. The articles of association were recorded on the 29th of the same month, in the oflice of the register of deeds of the county. in accordance with the laws of the territory of Minnesota.

A board of trustees, nine in number, three of whom retire from office in each year, constitute the delegated authority of the lot-owners of the association, elected by them to manage its affairs and superintend its general interest in accord with the constitution.

Each lot-owner is entitled to a vote at the annual elections, and though he may own more than one lot, is entitled to but one vote, and it is

The treasurer having advanced a portion of the money to meet the note. the association still remained somewhat in debt. Shortly after, the debt was entirely paid, association purchased forty acres of land from the late B. F. Hoyt. were then surveyed and laid out in lots for burial purposes. exclusively made until 1868, when two blocks of larger lots were added. In 1864, five acres were surveyed and Jaid out into lots, nearly the whole of which have been subsequently sold, and which constitute, at present, the most finished and improved portion of the cemetery.

' The purchase was made and the fence built on credit, and in order to obtain funds to make payments, the trustees found it necessary, as was named sum a note was given signed by Alex. | Ramsey and Parker Paine to P. P. Furber. the | then attorney, and the holder of the obligations | financiering on the part of the trustees, the association began slowly yet surely to shape its course toward the necessary accumulation of funds for the permauent care of the cemetery.

During these years our present postmaster, Dr. Day, was indefatigable in his efforts, to further, at all points, the interst of the association, and having been continually a trustee for the last eighteen years. has, by correspondence and much personal attention. done much to place the association in its present position on the highway to In 1865. a proposition made by the vestry of Christ church. to convey to the association the cemetery grounds belonging to their parish, to be included in Oakland cemetery. was accepted. and the Christ church cemetery grounds became a part of the property of the association. Subsequently, two different lots of land, which intervened, and were necessary to form a paralel- The whole was then included in a fence. and now constitutes Oakland cemetery. That which has been added, and a portion of the original forty acres was then surveyed and laid out on the landseape plan, by Cleveland and French; the well known landscape surveyors. . As the plan is becoming practically developed, it commends itself to all lovers of good taste, who have visited the

| grounds, and as time passes on, in general appearance and in detail, it will be exceedingly beautiful, hallowed by its associations and a test of the sacredness with which we honor the memories of the dead. The Oakland Cemetery Association is not an institution of personal profit to any man. The efforts of the trustees are entirely gratuitous, their time is given without compensation. There are no dividends. The income of the association is partly devoted to its present improvement, or contributes to a permanent fund, whose interest will, when the lots are all sold, be sufficient to cover expenses for all time. All lots sold during the last eleven years are subject to perpetual eare by the association, and none are now sold but with this proviso.

very methodically. and the system of book-keeping is as nearly perfect as can be, for the introduction of which the trustees are indebted to one of its members, Mr. Chas. Nichols. who with the other members of the committee on accounts, has given much time and attention to the system and its details.

The trustees meet monthly, and such is their attention to the interests of the cemetery, that their meetings scarcely ever fail for want of a quorum to do business. At these meetings the accounts are regularly presented by the treasurer, and as regularly reported upon by the finance committee, and records are kept of all the proceedings.

The present trustees are General H. H. Sibley, president; Hon. H. M. Rice, Dr. Day, D. W. Ingersoll, R. Blakely, C. Proal, C. Nichols, C. Gotzian,and F. Driscoll. The president. General Sibley. is unfailing in his attendance; nothing but sickness, in fact. ever prevents the presiding oftticer from being in his place. KR. Marvin is the present secretary and treasurer, and Morris Lampher is the actuary. A man more devoted to the interests of the cemetery it would be impossible to find than Mr. Lampher; having occupied the position for the last seven years, he is thoroughly conversant with itsneeds. Ile isacquainted with all the details of its arrangement; is a capable surveyor, untiring in his devotion to. and an enthusiast for the development of whatever will add to the beauty of the cemetery.

The cemetery is regulated according to the systems which govern the best in the country, and is becoming year by year more attractive and beautiful. A visit to its precincts will well repay any who have leisure to admire that which is beautiful; and it will, undoubtedly, become a place to attract visitors for all time to come.

and receiving tomb. will probably be commenced in the coming fall. The plans and estimates have been made according to a very beautiful design, by Mr. Bassford, the architect, and its erection was intended this summer, but in consequence of the advanced cost of materials and labor, this season, it was thought best to postpone it till the next. fine appearance.

The German Lutheran cemetery located on Cortland street, near city limits, was organized by Zion church. It contains five acres of land, was bought at that time for $500, it is worth at present $2,000; the grounds are handsomley laid out. Only three acres are used for a burying ground, for the reason that the city is growing very rapidly. they willin all probability be obliged to move further out in a few years, and they think it best not to seatter graves over the whole ground. The cemetery belongs to the Evangelical Lutheran Zion church.

The Emanuel church, Evangelical association, German cemetery is located near the city cemetery, contains two acres of ground, and is managed by the pastor and officers of the church. Was organized under the Rev. C. Brill in 1868; it is tastefully laid out with walks and drives running through it; value $1,000. number of interments since its organization, twenty-five.

The Catholic cemetery was organized in 1857. The first grounds were located corner Third and Minnesota streets, the second location was where the Park Place hotel was. The third location where the St. Joseph's Academy now stands, the present grounds are situated on Front Avenue, near Como road, and are called Calvary cemetery.