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Ramsey County, Minnesota

90 topographic sheets cover 26 settlements here, and 134 properties are on the National Register of Historic Places.

Research this county

From the record

134 National Register listings published here, 3 of them National Historic Landmarks.

Sources: the county history on the Internet Archive · the National Register database, National Park Service

Minnesota within the United States
Ramsey County within Minnesota

What the record shows

  • 584 topographic sheet readings cover the county's settlements.
  • 134 properties here are on the National Register of Historic Places: 112 buildings, 10 structures, 9 districts and 3 sites.
  • 39 of the 134 listings were added during the 1970s.
  • The Geographic Names Information System records 26 populated places in this county; 26 are covered by at least one topographic sheet.
  • 2 public-domain county histories, 1881, supply 29,065 words of narrative reproduced here.

Places on the National Register

134

Every property in this county listed on the National Register of Historic Places, with the year it was listed and the federal nomination document.

Photograph PropertyType ListedReference
3M Administration Buildingbuilding201514001212
Amhoist Towerbuilding2022100007789
Arlington Hills Librarybuilding198484001660
John M. Armstrong Housebuilding198383000925
Assumption Schoolbuilding197575001005
Dr. Ward Beebe Housebuilding197777000762
Blair Flatsbuilding197575001006
Bridges No. L-5853 and 92247structure198989001842
Brooks, Edward, Sr. and Markell, Housebuilding200000000689
Benjamin Brunson Housebuilding197575001007
Casiville Bullard Housebuilding199796001559
Burbank-Livingston-Griggs Housebuilding197070000307
Pierce and Walter Butler Housebuilding198282004625
C.S.P.S. Hallbuilding197777000763
Central Presbyterian Churchbuilding198383000926
Church of St. Agnes-Catholicbuilding198080002125
Church of St. Bernard-Catholicbuilding198383000927
Church of St. Casimir-Catholicbuilding198383000939
Church of the Assumption-Catholicbuilding197575001008
Cyrus B. Cobb Housebuilding198383000928
Colorado Street Bridgestructure199090000977
Commerce Buildingbuilding200707000645
Como Park Conservatorystructure197474001033
William and Catherine Davern Farm Housebuilding198383003765
Degree of Honor Protective Association Buildingbuilding2021100004657
Derham Hall and Our Lady of Victory Chapel, College of St. Catherinebuilding198585003423
Euclid View Flatsbuilding201413001170
Farmers Union Grain Terminal Association Headquartersbuilding2020100005248
Finch, Vanslyck and McConville Dry Goods Company Buildingbuilding198282004626
Fire Station No. 19building2023100008806
First Baptist Church of St. Paulbuilding198383000929
First National Bank of White Bearbuilding198383000930
F. Scott Fitzgerald Housebuilding197171000440
Fitzpatrick Buildingbuilding199090001113
Foss Housesite198383000931
Germania Bank Buildingbuilding197777000764
Heman Gibbs Farmsteadbuilding197575001009
Giesen-Hauser Housesite198383000932
Hall, S. Edward, Housebuilding91000440
Hamline Methodist Episcopal Churchbuilding201111000950
Hamm Buildingbuilding199797000499
Harriet Island Pavilionbuilding199292000821
Henry Hale Memorial Library, Hamline Branchbuilding2023100008536
Highland Park Towerstructure198686001670
Hill's James, J., North Oaks Farm, Dairy Buildingbuilding199797000441
Hill's, James J., North Oaks Farm, Dairy Building, Granary Root Cellar and Auxiliary Buildings, Boundary Increasebuilding199998000311
James J. Hill Housebuilding196666000405
Ann Charlotte and Jacob Hinkel Housebuilding197878001558
Historic Hill Districtdistrict197676001067
E. H. Hobe House-Solheimbuilding198383000933
Holman Field Administration Buildingbuilding199191001004
Hope Engine Company No. 3building2020100005237
Indian Mounds Park Mound Groupsite201414000140
Intercity Bridgestructure198989001838
Irvine Park Historic Districtdistrict197373000993
Horace Hills Irvine Housebuilding197474001034
Frank B. Kellogg Housebuilding197474001035
Krank Manufacturing Companybuilding198383000934
Lauer Flatsbuilding197575001010
Olaf Lee Housebuilding198484001670
Lowertown Historic Districtdistrict198383000935
David Luckert Housebuilding197575001011
David Luckert Housebuilding197575001011
Manhattan Buildingbuilding198888001128
Andrew R. McGill Housebuilding197474001037
Mendota Road Bridgestructure198989001825
Merchants National Bankbuilding197474001036
Mickey's Dinerbuilding198383000936
Minnesota Boat Club Boathouse on Raspberry Islandbuilding198282004627
Minnesota Buildingbuilding200909000408
Minnesota Historical Society Buildingbuilding197373000994
Minnesota Milk Company Buildingbuilding201413001148
Minnesota Mutual Life Insurance Company Buildingbuilding2017100001025
Minnesota State Capitolbuilding197272000681
Adolf Muench Housebuilding197575001012
Northern Federal Buildingbuilding2024100010566
Northern Pacific Railway Company Como Shops Historic Districtdistrict198383000937
Norway Lutheran Churchbuilding197575001013
Norway Lutheran Churchbuilding197575001013
Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Churchbuilding2019100004655
Charles P. Noyes Cottagebuilding197676001070
O'Donnell Shoe Company Buildingbuilding200909000623
Old Federal Courts Buildingbuilding196969000076
Old Main, Macalester Collegebuilding197777000765
Osborn Buildingbuilding2018100003233
Payne Avenue State Bankbuilding200707000426
Pilgrim Baptist Churchbuilding199191000438
Pioneer and Endicott Buildingsbuilding197474001038
Ramsey County Poor Farm Barnbuilding197777000766
Alexander Ramsey Housebuilding196969000077
Justus Ramsey Stone Housebuilding197575001014
Rau/Strong Housebuilding197575001015
Riverside Hangarbuilding200707001315
Riverview Branch Librarybuilding198484001672
Robert Street Bridgestructure198989001846
Robert Street Bridgestructure198989001846
Rochat-Louise-Sauerwein Blockbuilding198080002126
Roselawn Chapel and Administration Buildingbuilding2021100006008
Salvation Army Women's Home and Hospitalbuilding198383000938
Jacob Schmidt Brewing Company Historic Districtdistrict2018100001974
Charles W. Schneider Housebuilding198484001677
Schornstein Grocery and Saloonbuilding198484001681
Seventh Street Improvement Archesstructure198989001828
Sam S. Shubert Theatre and Shubert Buildingbuilding201010000475
Frederick Spangenberg Housebuilding197676001068
St. Agatha's Conservatory of Music and Artsbuilding198989000443
St. Anthony Park Branch Librarybuilding198484001675
St. Joseph's Academybuilding197575001016
St. Joseph's Hospital Nurses Homebuilding2025100006581
St. Matthew's Schoolbuilding198484000243
St. Paul Cathedral-Catholicbuilding197474001039
St. Paul City Hall and Ramsey County Courthousebuilding198383000940
St. Paul Municipal Grain Terminalstructure200404000721
St. Paul Public/James J. Hill Reference Librarybuilding197575001017
St. Paul Union Depotbuilding197474001040
St. Paul Union Depot (Boundary Increase)building201414000039
St. Paul Women's City Clubbuilding198282004628
St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba Railway Company Shops Historic District Boundary Increasedistrict2017100001228
St. Paul, Minneapolis, & Manitoba Railway Company Shops Historic Districtdistrict198786003564
Superior Packing Company Plantbuilding2018100003083
Charles Thompson Memorial Hallbuilding201111000949
Triune Masonic Templebuilding198080002127
United Church Seminarybuilding198585003437
United States Bedding Companybuilding2020100005358
United States Post Office and Custom Housebuilding201414000218
University Hall-Old Main, Hamline Universitybuilding197777000767
Vienna and Earl Apartment Buildingsbuilding198484001685
Walsh Buildingbuilding198989000444
Dwight H. and Clara M. Watson House (Additional Documentation)building2019100004757
West Summit Avenue Historic Districtdistrict199393000332
White Bear Lake Armorybuilding2019100003532
Woodland Park Baptist Churchbuilding2021100006404
Woodland Park Districtdistrict197878001559
Anthony Yoerg Sr. Housebuilding198989000442

Wildfire, 1994 to 2020

17 fires

Every wildfire the federal occurrence database records inside this county: 17 of them, burning about 142 acres. None started naturally and 5 were recorded as arson. Each settlement page carries the fires within five miles of it.

Reported cause Fires
Missing data/not specified/undetermined6
Arson/incendiarism5
Equipment and vehicle use3
Railroad operations and maintenance1
Debris and open burning1
Smoking1

The five largest, by the area the report gives. Three of them were set deliberately.

DateCause SizeReported by Name on the report
23 April 2008Debris and open burning26 acresMinnesota Department of Natural ResourcesOAK CREST
2 April 2015Missing data/not specified/undetermined25 acresMinnesota Valley National Wildlife RefugeIRONDALE FIRE
6 April 2000Arson/incendiarism25 acresMinnesota Department of Natural Resourcesnot named
23 April 1994Arson/incendiarism20 acresMinnesota Department of Natural Resourcesnot named
7 May 2009Equipment and vehicle use12 acresMinnesota Department of Natural ResourcesRED ARROW
4 March 2000Arson/incendiarism9.0 acresMinnesota Department of Natural Resourcesnot named
2 April 2015Missing data/not specified/undetermined7.4 acresMinnesota Department of Natural Resourcesnot named
21 April 2005Missing data/not specified/undetermined7.0 acresMinnesota Department of Natural Resourcesnot named

Every settlement page carries the fires within five miles of it - see the settlement index below.

Storms, 1960 to 2026

60 of 443 shown

The NOAA Storm Events Database holds 443 reports for this county, causing 3 deaths, 181 injuries and about $264,404,500 in recorded property damage. Each settlement page carries the reports that name it.

Kind of event Reports
Hail230
Thunderstorm Wind172
Flash Flood19
Heavy Rain9
Tornado8
Lightning3
Flood2

The most serious of them, by death, then injury, then recorded damage. The accounts are quoted exactly as the forecast office filed them.

WhenEvent Place namedHarm What the report says
June 1981Tornado (F3)not stated1 killed, 60 hurt, $25,000,000no account filed
September 2007Flash FloodSt Paul1 killed, $200,000Nearly two inches of rain in one hour caused Battle Creek in South Maplewood to rise. Several boys were playing in and along the creek, and a thirteen year old boy was swept below a nearby dam. Some of the heavy rain was funneled into a neighborhood near Hancock and Third, where six houses were flooded. A retaining wall was blown out in the Swede Hollow neighborhood.
August 1998LightningWhite Bear Lake1 killedOne man died because of lightning strike while under a tree.
May 1965Tornado (F4)not stated108 hurt, $25,000,000no account filed
April 1984Thunderstorm Windnot stated6 hurtno account filed
June 2017Thunderstorm Wind(Stp)St Paul Downtown Airport Holman Field2 hurtThe wind gust was reported by the STP ASOS. In addition, two people were trapped when a damaged tree fell on them in St. Paul. The two adults had been standing near the tree after the storm passed through, when the tree collapsed and trapped them.
September 2005Thunderstorm WindCountywide1 hurt, $25,000,000A severe storm moved out of Anoka County and across northern Ramsey County, from Moundsview and New Brighton to White Bear Lake and North St Paul, knocking down tens of thousands of trees in those cities, as well as in Little Canada, Arden Hills, Maplewood, Vadnais Heights, Roseville, and St. Anthony. An NWS damage survey indicated damage from both the inflow and the rear flank downdraft as the mesocyclone moved through New Brighton. The St. Paul ASOS (Holman Field) measured 62 mph at 1837 CST. Several cities declared a state of emergency. Numerous roads were blocked. One child was injured in New Brighton from a tree limb crashing down. One person died in Moundsview while clearing their property.Many trees toppled onto houses, and one home in New Brighton was rendered uninhabitable. Two houses in Shoreview were damaged to the point of needing to be rebuilt. The roof of a mobile home in Moundsview was blown off. At one point, 90% of New Brighton was without power. The property damage report of $25 Million dollars covers all wind and hail reports from this storm in Ramsey County for 9-21-05.
August 2007Thunderstorm WindFalcon Hgts1 hurtA long and wide swath of damaging wind extended from just west of the Minnesota State Fair grounds in Falcon Heights to the northeastern corner of the city of St Paul. Approximately 4000 trees were felled. Affected neighborhoods were St. Anthony, Como and Phalen. The worst damage was in the Como Park area, where many trees fell on houses, vehicles, sheds and garages. One tree crashed into a house and destroyed it. One man was injured when a window blew in on him. At the State Fair, part of the grandstand roof was torn off, and roofs were also torn off some exhibition buildings. Dozens of vendor booths were blown around, with many severely damaged. The damage was oriented from west to east. At one point shortly after the storm, XCEL Energy reported over 250,000 outages across the Minneapolis-St. Paul region.
July 1997Flash FloodSt Paul1 hurtno account filed
May 1991Thunderstorm Windnot stated1 hurtno account filed
August 1988Thunderstorm Windnot stated1 hurtno account filed
May 1998Tornado (F1)Roseville$150,000,000Tornado touched down in Roseville, and travelled straight north through Shoreview, North Oaks, Lino Lakes, eventually lifting off in Blaine in Anoka County. 7 houses destroyed, 102 severely damaged. Damaged estimate for entire county including widespread wind driven hail.
April 1984Tornado (F3)not stated$25,000,000no account filed
September 2010HailSt Paul$5,000,000Several reports of large hail, up to the size of half dollars, occurred from the Highland Park area of St. Paul, northeast across the north side of the city.
March 2010FloodSt Paul$2,400,000Several communities along the Mississippi River from Mendota Bridge to Hastings had flooding problems related to the flood crest on the Mississippi River in Ramsey County. Monetary costs were based on FEMA, State, and Local assistance which includes the following categories; debris removal, emergency protective measures, road systems and bridges, buildings, utilities and parks.
May 2001HailSt Paul$2,000,000Observed at the Univeristy of Minnesota St. Paul campus. Damage estimate pertains to all the hail reports from Ramsey County. Numerous vehicles and buildings damaged.
June 2014Flood(Stp)St Paul Downtown Airport Holman Field$1,900,000Several sources in Ramsey County compiled a summary of flood related damages and locations for the flood of June 2014.||Due to the flood waters affecting downtown St. Paul, and covering Harriet Island, the Taste of Minnesota and the 4th of July Fireworks were moved to a different location. In addition, the St. Paul Airport deployed a flood wall, which closed two of their shorter runways.||High water on the Mississippi River had forced the Minnesota Centennial Showboat to postpone a week of shows.
August 2022Tornado (EF0)(Stp)St Paul Downtown Airport Holman Field$750,000A tornado touched down just southeast of the intersection of I-94 and Highways 10/61 and moved north-northeast. It tracked just east of Harding High School, crossing White Bear Avenue near Case Avenue, and continuing beyond Larpenteur Avenue, then dissipated near Goodrich Park in Maplewood. The tornado uprooted or broke dozens of trees, with some falling on sheds, houses, and a few vehicles.
July 2015Tornado (EF0)Shoreview$500,000A storm survey indicated that an EF-0 tornado touch downed in the northwest portion of North Oaks, near Charley Lake, and moved east-northeast to the southern side of Deep Lake, where the greatest number of trees were toppled and snapped. Some of the trees fell on houses, vehicles and other structures. The tornado had a path length of 1.9 miles with maximum winds of 80 mph.
July 2011Flash FloodWhite Bear Lake$500,000Several main highways, and secondary roads had significant flooding, with up to four feet of standing water in northern Ramsey County.
May 2004Thunderstorm WindSt Paul$330,000A wind gust of 72 MPH was recorded by an automated sensor at Holman Field at 6:00 PM CDT. Numerous trees and power lines were downed from St. Anthony Park to the State Fairgrounds to the State Capitol including the southern portion of Como Park and the Midway area. A handful of buildings and signs at the fairgrounds were damaged. Four homes, a large porch, a fence, and a car near Como Park were significantly damaged by felled trees. In downtown about 60 windows were broken on buildings and skyways and a large billboard was downed onto power lines. Two of four clock faces were damaged on top of Landmark Center. The high winds also caused two barges to break loose on the Mississippi River and bump into the Robert Street Bridge.
May 2022Thunderstorm WindFalcon Hgts$250,000Numerous trees were blown down from Falcon Heights to Roseville. Some of the trees were over 100 years old and several areas had power outages due to the falling debris.
June 1979Tornado (F1)not stated$250,000no account filed
August 2024Thunderstorm WindRoseville$100,000Time estimated from radar. Delayed report of trees fell on two houses in the neighborhood and one had major damage. Two roads were blocked by fallen trees.
November 2012Thunderstorm WindSt Paul$50,000This is a continuation in Ramsey County of the wind damage that hit Mendota Heights and West St. Paul in Dakota County. It tracked northeast across south central St Paul, from Smith and Annapolis to St Paul Holman Field, but damage was more sporadic than when it hit Dakota County. Most of the damage was due to trees landing on cars, houses and sheds.
June 2012Thunderstorm WindSt Paul$50,000Numerous large trees and tree limbs were blown down in a large swath from near the Highland Park area, northeast toward Randolph Avenue. In addition, some of the trees landed on vehicles and caused damage.
August 2022Thunderstorm WindLittle Canada$30,000Several trees were blown down in the Little Canada area. One landed on a mobile home.
July 2016Thunderstorm WindLauderdale$25,000Scattered trees were uprooted or blown over, with some landing on vehicles. This was mostly in the Como, Midway and Highland Park areas of St Paul.
July 2010Thunderstorm WindMounds View$25,000Numerous large tree limbs were blown down from Mounds View, to New Brighton, Shoreview, Arden Hills and Vadnais Heights, Minnesota, including three large trees that fell on a home in Arden Hills and damaged it. A trained spotter measured a wind gust of 70 mph in Vadnais Heights.
May 2011Tornado (EF0)Mounds View$20,000An EF-0 tornado continued in Ramsey County, near Spring Lake, then north-northeast as it crossed back into Anoka County, near Highway 10, south of the Blaine-Anoka County Airport. Most of the damage was confined to sporadic trees blown down along the path.
July 2009HailNorth St Paul$15,000Several locally trained spotters and local officials reported nickel to golf ball size hail stones from Maplewood, near Highway 36 and English Street, southeast across North St Paul. Minor hail damage was noted near the intersection of Century Avenue and Holloway Avenue, along the Ramsey-Washington county line. The hail storm continued into Washington County.
July 2010Thunderstorm WindNorth St Paul$5,000Several trees were uprooted in North St. Paul, Minnesota.
June 2005Flash FloodCountywide$2,000County Road C was impassable due to flooding near the intersection of 35E in Little Canada. An underpass on Highway 36 in Maplewood was also flooded. A spotter near the intersection of Interstate 94 and McKnight Road in Maplewood recorded 0.80 inches of rain in 15 minutes. A spotter in St. Paul recorded 1.25 inches of rain in 30 minutes.
August 2022Thunderstorm WindVadnais Hgts$1,500Several trees and large tree branches were blown down in the Vadnais Heights area.
August 2022Thunderstorm Wind(Stp)St Paul Downtown Airport Holman Field$500Some trees were blown down in the Daytons Bluff area of St. Paul.
September 2021Thunderstorm Wind(Stp)St Paul Downtown Airport Holman Field$500A few tree branches were blown down.
July 2025Thunderstorm WindWhite Bear Lake-Two trees down on the north side of White Bear Lake.
July 2025Thunderstorm WindMounds View-Large tree down approximately 18 inches in diameter, near 85th Ave and Spring Lake Road in Mounds View.
July 2025Heavy RainFalcon Hgts-A thunderstorm produced very heavy rainfall in 30 minutes nearing 4 p/hour rainfall rates. An area of standing water on Hwy 36 between Snelling Ave and Fairview Ave N caused a few cars to stall. Approximately one mile south, a CoCoRaHS observer recorded 2.11 of storm total rainfall.
June 2025Thunderstorm WindSt Paul-Report of multiple large branches downed near Maryland and Jackson.
September 2025Hail(Stp)St Paul Downtown Airport Holman Field-Report of half-inch to Ping Pong Ball sized hail for two minutes.
June 2025Flash Flood(Stp)St Paul Downtown Airport Holman Field-Car stranded in water on exit ramp of Highway 61.
June 2025Flash FloodFalcon Hgts-Water covered roadways near the intersection of I35W and MN 280.The DOT blocked off lanes as needed. Heavy rain caused a jack-knifed semi to block travel on I-35W at Industrial Blvd.
August 2024Thunderstorm WindRoseville-Delayed report of large tree split in half, time estimated from radar.
August 2024Thunderstorm WindSt Paul-Wind gust measured via mesonet station.
August 2024Thunderstorm WindNorth St Paul-Delayed report of multiple downed tree branches up to 8 inches in diameter, time estimated from radar.
August 2024Thunderstorm WindSt Paul-Time estimated from radar. Delayed report of numerous large trees down and blocking roads in the Como Park area.
August 2024Thunderstorm WindSt Paul-Several trees and large branches were downed at the Minnesota state fairgrounds.
August 2024Thunderstorm WindSt Paul-Report of large tree down.
August 2024Thunderstorm Wind(Stp)St Paul Downtown Airport Holman Field-A large branch with a 3 foot diameter was blown down at Harriet Island.
July 2024Flash FloodSt Paul-A MNDOT traffic camera showed the intersection of I-35E and Shepard Rd flooded, with one car stranded in the flood water due to heavy rainfall. Other cars were using the freeway entrance ramp to get around the flooded roadway since the regular traffic lanes were all under water.
July 2024Thunderstorm WindSt Paul-Large tree snapped near the St. Paul Cathedral.
July 2023Thunderstorm WindWhite Bear Lake-Multiple trees and branches down on the southern side of White Bear Lake. Time estimated from radar.
August 2023Thunderstorm Wind(Stp)St Paul Downtown Airport Holman Field-A 68 mph wind gust was measured by the ASOS station at the KSTP St. Paul airport.
May 2022Thunderstorm WindRoseville-A severe wind gust was measured by a trained spotter.
August 2022Thunderstorm WindFalcon Hgts-A measured 61 mph wind gust occurred atop the stage at the Minnesota State Fair Grandstand.
May 2022Hail(Stp)St Paul Downtown Airport Holman Field-There was a social media picture of golf ball size hail.
August 2022Thunderstorm WindWhite Bear Lake-A boat was damaged on a boat lift. A few large trees were snapped off above the ground.
July 2020Flash Flood(Stp)St Paul Downtown Airport Holman Field-There were several reports of roads flooded due to rainfall amounts of 1 to 3 inches in a very short period of time. These heavy rainfall rates, combined with the urban area (mostly runoff from the streets), led to several flooded roads and a couple closures. Specifically, White Bear Avenue, Lakewood, and Maryland Streets were flooded at one point with stalled vehicles.
September 2019Thunderstorm WindWhite Bear Lake-Several reports of multiple trees blown down in the White Bear Lake area.

Mines and quarries

1 recorded

The Survey's mineral resources record lists 1 working inside this county. It still produces. Each settlement page carries the workings within five miles of it.

Commodity Workings
Sand and Gravel, Construction1

The least common of them first, because a county's hundredth gravel pit says nothing its first ten did not.

Where SiteCommodity StatusRecorded
Arsenal Sand and Gravel PitSand and Gravel, ConstructionProducer

The townships, in 1881

29,065 words

History of Ramsey County and the City of St. Paul, Including the Explorers and Pioneers of Minnesota devotes a chapter to each township: its boundaries and streams, who settled it and when, the mills, the schools and the churches. All 3 are reproduced here in full. Each row shows the township's own shape and where it lies in the county, drawn from the Census Bureau's boundary. Which settlements belong to which township is computed from that same boundary, not taken from the book.

Shape and position in the county TownshipSettlements in it LengthSections
Mounds View CityMounds View5,625 words2
St. Paul CityHighwood, Saint Paul13,839 words6
White Bear TownshipBald Eagle, Bellaire, White Bear Beach9,601 words5

Every populated place in the county

26

Named settlements recorded in the Geographic Names Information System, each with the topographic sheets covering it. Villages, hamlets and abandoned places alike. Each is shown with the nearest named watercourse or landform and the survey quadrangle it falls on.

Provenance

  • Topographic sheets. USGS Historical Topographic Map Collection, county index, measured from the bulk metadata.
  • Fire insurance maps. Library of Congress Sanborn collection, faceted to this county.
  • Photographs. Each place queried individually against the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs search.
  • Wildfire. Short, Karen C. 2022. Spatial wildfire occurrence data for the United States, 1992-2020 [FPA_FOD_20221014]. 6th Edition. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2013-0009.6 Collected with United States Government funding and usable without additional permissions or fees.
  • Mines and quarries. USGS Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS) https://mrdata.usgs.gov/mrds/ A work of the United States government, no copyright under 17 U.S.C. 105.
  • Storms. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Storm Events Database https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/stormevents/ A work of the United States government, no copyright under 17 U.S.C. 105. Narratives are quoted verbatim from the National Weather Service report and are not edited or summarised.