Stillwater City (part 2 of 3)

Although many important changes and im¬ provements were made in this establishment from 1864 to 1872, yet there was still room for more improvement During the winter of 1872-3 the mill was remodeled and rebuilt, and a large amount of new machinery put in. Although a certain amount of improvements and changes are necessary each year, yet there have been no ma¬ terial changes in the mill to the present time. The mill is 66x160 feet, and contains one fortysix saw gang, one double rotary' and one muley saw, with a daily capacity of ninety thousand feet, two shingle machines, with a daily capacity of one hundred thousand, and one lath machine, with a daily capacity of fifty thousand. The ma¬ chinery in this mill is propelled by two engines, one twenty-four and one twelve inch cylinder, and each with thirty inch stroke; eighty revolutions per minute is the speed of each. There are six cylinder boilers, thirty feet long with thirty-two inch shells, and three return Hue boilers twentyfour feet long, with forty-two inch shells.

In 1873, this company erected another mill about an eighth of a mile below' the one above described, but in the same yard. This mill was constructed especially for the purpose of sawing long lumber for railroad bridges, etc., and to facilitate this scheme a cutting off saw is in operation on the pond; which is run by steam, thus enabling them to cut a log any desired length before removing it from the water. Also a loading machine is in the yard, by which all long and heavy timber is loaded on the cars; this is also worked by steam.

The mill is 60x160 feet and contains one double rotary with a capacity of fifty thousand per day, one shingle machine with a capacity of thirty thousand per day, and one lath machine with a capacity of fifty thousand per day. It has also three planing machines, three re-sawing machines and one edger, with all the necessary trimmers, etc. The engine is a twenty inch cylinder and forty-eight inch stroke, with three Bessemer, steel boilers, twenty-six feet long and forty-two inch shell. The smoke from both these mills, is conveyed in tunnels running under ground to the bluff near by, and thus into the smoke stacks which are there located. In the yard is located two "Cun-an and Wilcox's dry kilns," which are used principally for drying shingles and lath, so as to make them lighter for shipment. Prior to 1872, all the lumber manufactured at this mill was rafted and sent down the river, but as rail¬ road facilities were then obtained, nearly all the lumber has since been shipped by rail. As a pro¬ tection from fire, a reservoir has been built on the bluff above the mills, the bottom of which is higher then the ridge-poles of the buildings; the capacity is eight hundred hogsheads, and it is connected with the mills by an iron pipe, which runs the entire length of the yard. These mills give employment during the summer season, to two hundred and twenty-five men in all depart¬ ments. They produce annually about eighteen million feet of lumber and nine million each of lath and shingles. The mills and yards occupy five-sixths of a mile lake front. No traveling salesmen are employed by this firm, all sales being conducted either by correspondence or per¬ sonal interview at the office. Since 1877, Ilersey, Bean and Brown have conducted a general store in connection with their lumber business. The first two years they occupied rooms in Ilersey and Staple's block, but have since erected a store adjoining their yards where the business is now carried on. This company cuts from ten to twelve million feet of logs each winter, the bal¬ ance for use is purchased from other parties. During the winter of 1880-1, they had four camps, at which were employed one hundred and thirty men, forty horses and seventy-two oxen.

This mill was built in 1873 by Seymour, Sabin and Company. It contained at that time one rotary, with the necessary edgers, trimmeis, etc., and had a capacity of fifty thousand feet per day. It also contained a shingle and lath machine, and was considered at that time one of the best mills in the valley. This company operated the mill until 1878, when the property was leased to D. M. Sabin and C. N. Nelson under the firm name of C. N. Nelson and Company. About this time the mill was greatly improved, and among other additions was a twenty-seven saw gang, which is said to be the "fastest" gang in the state, attaining a speed of two hundred and sixty strokes per minute. An addition to the mill building was also made at this time, and the shingle and lath machines moved thereto. The above-mentioned lease was for a term of two years, at the expiration of which time a new or¬ ganization was effected by the consolidation of the "St Louis Itiver Lumber Company" and the "C. N. Nelson and Company." The name of new firm is the "C. N. Nelson Lumber Company," and was incorporated in September, 1880. The "St. Louis River Lumber Company" was an or¬ ganization in which D. M. Sabin and C. N. Nel¬ son were largely interested, their scene of opera¬ tions being on the St. Louis river, with a saw¬ mill in process of erection at the time of consol¬ idation, located at "Knife Falls."

The officers of the "C. N. Nelson Lumber Com¬ pany" are: C. N. Nelson, president; C. II. Graves, of Duluth, vice-president; P. M. Ranney, Knife Falls, secretary, and \V. R. Merriam, St. Paul, treasurer.

The mill at Stillwater is 36x150 feet and con¬ tains one twenty-one-saw gang and one rotary, with a capacity of ninety thousand per day; one shingle machine, forty thousand; and one lath machine of thirty-five thousand daily capacity. Eighty-five men are employed in and about the mill and yards during the season, and the annual capacity is fourteen million feet of lumber, seven million shingles, and five million lath. The lum¬ ber manufactured at this mill is shipped almost exclusively by rail to southern and western markets. There are two engines used in driving the machinery; one is a twenty inch cylinder and thirty inch stroke; and the other is a fourteen inch cylinder and twenty-two inch stroke; the combined power of the two is one hundred and fifty horse. There are five boilers, twenty feet long and forty-two inch shell each.

City Of Still Wa Ter-Flo Ur Mills

river, one on Main Snake river, one on Hanging Horn lake, one on Sand creek in Minnesota, one on South fork of Clam river, two on Apple river, and one on Upper Namekagon river, making in all thirteen camps, at which ore employed about three hundred men, ninety horses, and thirty-six oxen. The supplies to these camps are shipped over the St. Paul and Duluth railroad, and toted from the various stations. During the past win¬ ter upwards of twenty-six million feet of logs were banked at these camps, all for the company's own use at their mills in this city and Lakeland, at which latter point the firm has recently com¬ pleted a very fine mill, a description of which ap¬ pears in the Lakeland chapter. In addition to the above logging operations about twenty mil¬ lion feet of logs were banked this year by them on the St. Louis river, which of course required nearly as large a force of men and teams in the woods as above detailed. This company also owns some sixty or seventy acres of land in the city of St. Paul, on which they have located a planing mill and three lumber yards.

This mill is located on the Wisconsin side of the river, at the east end of the bridge, directly opposite Stillwater. It was built in the spring of 1870, and is 32x124 feet, two stories high. During the first four years it was a circular mill, but the increase of business necessitated additional ma¬ chinery, and in the spring of 1874, a twenty-foursaw gang and a shingle machine were added t A new engine was put in with an eighteen inch cylinder and twenty-four inch stroke, and in 1878 two more boilers were added, making four in all.

In 1879 a lath machine, planer and tongue and grooving machine were added. Eighty-five men are employed in this mill, yard and on the rafts. The daily capacity of the mill is fifty thousand feet of lumber, thirty thousand shingles and twenty thousand lath.

This firm does quite an extensive logging busi¬ ness in the winter season. They had six camps in operation during the winter of 1880-1, located as follows: three on Pokeguma river, one on Chesley brook, one on upper Snake river and one on Hay creek. In these camps are engaged two hundred and twenty-five men, seventy-five horses

Durant, Wheeler And Cojipany

This company does not manufacture, but has twenty camps in the woods, viz. four on Snake river, one on Kettle river, one on Yellow river, two on the West Wisconsin railroad, one onTotogaticonce river, four on Apple river, six on Totogatic river, and one on Namekagon river, five hundred men and one hundred and eighty horses and oxen are employed; thirty-five millions were banked during the winter of 1880-'81.

Jordan And Mathews

This company does not manufacture, but like Durant, Wheeler and Company, put their logs in for sale. They have four camps located as fol¬ lows: two on Totogatic river, one on Clam river, and one on Chibonazie river; sixty-five men and seventy-two horses and oxen are employed; eight millions were banked last winter.

The proprietors of this mill are a company formed under the state laws for the purpose of conducting a general flour and feed business. This company was formed in the fall of 1877, and the officers are: D. Bronson, president; B. F. Ilersey, secretary; and L. Hospes, treasurer. The board of directors consists of the officers above mentioned, and D. M. Sabin, Henry Westing, Smith Ellison and Dr. P. II. Millard. The mill was built during the winter of 1877-'78, and commenced running in May of the latter year. It is 50x70 feet, and five stories high above the basement. To the left of the mill proper, is a brick addition 20x70 feet, the basement of which contains the engine and boilers, and the first floor, the mill office. The engine which furnishes the motive power is a Reynolds-Corliss condensing engine of one hundred and seventy-five horse¬ power, with a twenty inch cylinder, forty-two inch stroke, making seventy-eight revolutions per minute and is propelled by two boilers four¬ teen feet long and sixty inch shell. In the rear of the boiler room is the stone base upon which stands the circular brick smoke stack one hun- dred and one feet high. Ample provisions have been made, to guard against a surprise by Are. On the left of the engine stands a Knowles pump, and near by it as well as on each floor of the mill is a hose carriage, containing sufficient hose to flood the whole mill in a very short space of time, a three inch stand pipe runs from the pump to the top of the mill with a hose attach¬ ment on each floor ready for use at a moments warning, as well as a number of Halx-ock extin¬ guishers at various i>oints in the mill.

The first floor contains eight run of stone, three flour packet's, one Beardslee scourer; the line of shafting that runs the corrugated rolls, and also a counter line which runs the porcelain rolls.

The second floor contains twelve sets of corru¬ gated rolls, ten sets of porcelain rolls, six Ad¬ vance middlings purifiers, and one cockle ma¬ chine.

The third floor contains two Sturtevant fans, used for blowing shorts to the ware-house, six Advance middlings purifiers, one wheat grader and one set of chilled iron rolls.

The fourth floor contains one wheat heater, four aspirators, twenty-one flour bolts, one set of porcelain and one set of chilled iron rolls, one Barnard and Lea's separator, and two Ad¬ vance middlings purifiers.

The fifth floor contains, besides dust rooms and elevator heads, one Richmond bran duster, one rolling screen and one grading reel. A steam coil for heating the mill is conveniently arranged on each floor. This was the second mill in the state, built on the Hungarian system of gradual reduction with porcelain rolls, for making patent flour, and is continually adding new machinery to enable it to keep its position as a first-class mill. The improvements for 1880-81 amount to nearly $20,000, which brings the aggregate cost of the mill to about $100,000. Thirty men are employed in this mill which runs day and night, aiid produces 400 barrels every twenty-four hours. The popular shipping brands are known as, "Bronson's Select," "Porcelain Roller," "Bun IJersey," and "Billy Boy."

This mill was built in the fall of the year 1872, by the Messrs. W. P. Cahill and J. II. Townshend. The mill was originally 40x50 feet, two stories high, and furnished with three run of stone, with a capacity of fifty Itarrels per day. The motive power was an overshot wheel, fortyfour feet in diameter, probably the largest wheel of the kind ever built in the state. Water was drawn from the old McKusick brook. In 1873 the firm became Cahill, Townshend and Com¬ pany, Barron Proctor becoming a partner. In 1875, Townshend bought out Cahill and the fol¬ lowing year Townshend and Proctor built an ad¬ dition on the north side of the original mill, 30x56 feet and four stories high, at the same time add¬ ing to and improving the older property, both be¬ ing brick veneered. Six run of stone besides the feed mill, now responded to the force of the water¬ fall, upon the old wheel. The Hungarian system having proved satisfactory, this concern placed in '78, eight sets of smooth rollers, and in '79 and '80, iulded nine more sets. To make room for this improvement, the stones were all removed, with the exception of one run, which is still in use. Besides this, there is one run of stone used for grinding feed for use in the pineries. During the same year the roller system was introduced, the firm purchased a Corliss engine of one hun¬ dred horse power, which they enclosed in a room 30x42 feet, distinct from the boiler room, that contains the three boilers. In 1880 Mr. Proctor disused of his interest to Air. Townshend and the latter formed a partnership with D. M. Sabin, under the firm name of Townshend and Com¬ pany. Facilities for handling the product of the mill were increased that year, by building a spur track from the St. Paul and Duluth railroad, with yard room for ten cars. They also fitted up com¬ modious offices and lloiir rooms. The capacity of this mill is three hundred barrels per day, the principal brands manufactured being "Butterfly," "Crusade," "Baker's Extra," and "Standard," all well known in the market. Tho mill furnishes employment to twenty men, under the supervision of Henry Drews, head miller, who has been with this mill for the past seven years.

St. Croix Flouring Mill

The second floor contains flour, wheat, corn, oat and bran bins, dust room, brush and magnet machines, two middlings purifiers, three two-reel bolting chests and seven sets of corrugated rolls.

The fourth floor contains all the elevator heads, dust room, suction fan, flour mixer, graham cool¬ er, etc. In the basement is the line of shafting that runs the stones, and one cobble machine.

On the first floor is the main driving pulley, six feet in diameter, with a twenty-two inch face, on the cud of an iron shaft running direct to tho engine, two hundred and thirty-five feet distant. The engine room is built by the side of that which contains tho saw-mill ougitie, already de* scribed, and separated from it by a stone partition wall. It is also built of stone, 42x44 feet and six¬ teen feet high. The engine is an "Atlas Corliss, '> and has two boilers fourteen feet long and fifty inch shell, and each containing seventy-two three, inch flues. The engine is of one hundred and sixty horse-power, and the water is supplied by a pump of the same pattern as that described in the saw-mill article.

Twenty men are constantly employed, and the capacity is two hundred and fifty barrels per day. The principal brands are "Snow Flake," "Minne¬ sota" and "Hiawatha."

Agricultural Implements

Seymour, Sabin and Company. The manufac¬ turing interests of this company, conducted in the stiite prison, have grown to mammoth proportions. The first contractors for the convict labor, were Seymour and Willim, at a time when the inmates of the institution numbered but seventeen.

In the spring of 1808, they were succeeded by Seymour, Sabin and Company, the firm consist¬ ing of George M. Seymour, one of the early setliprs of Stillwater, and also one of the first con¬ tractors for the convict labor, and D. M. and J. II. Sabin, who had recently arrived from one of the eastern states and settled in Minnesota.

The firm at this time employed about forty convicts and an equal number of citizen help in the manufacture of doors, sash, blinds, tubs, buckets and cooperage.

The partnership continued, the business in the meantime steadily increasing, until July, 1874, when the company felt the necessities of more capital to meet the demands of their growing trade, and formed a joint stock company, incor¬ porating under the name of Seymour, Sabin and Company. They soon after commenced the man¬ ufacture of the threshing-machine, which, under their management, has become so justly cele¬ brated, and has taken the front rank in the thresher family, until to-day the "Minnesota Chief" has a world-wide reputation, and its manufacturers have placed on the market more machines in a single year than any other manufactory in the world.

In addition to this extensive industry, they also do an aggregate business of over a quarter of a million dollars annually in doors, sash, cooperage, general office and bank fixtures, and furniture of all kinds in that line.

They have also established an extensive ma¬ chine and boiler-shop, for the manufacture of portable farm engines, of which three hundred are being placed on the market the present year.

The firm has on its pay-rolls upward of six hundred men, being the largest of any single corporation in the state of Minnesota or the North-west.

In 1876, J. II. Sabin, the junior member and secretary of the company, was removed by death, the firm thus sustaining an irreparable loss by being deprived of the assistance and counsel of one of the brightest and most promising young men of the West. Although but twenty-seven years of age, he had acquired a standing and reputation in. the business world, achieved by but few men of greater age.

lie was succeeded in the concern by W. S. Goodhue, of Polo, Illinois, who has since been secretary, of the company, and takes entire charge of the general and field agents, of whom there is a multitude, in the interest of the "Min¬ nesota Chief " thresher and other manufactures.

History Of Washin01Vn County

is also the patentee of a number of valuable im¬ provements on the threshing machine and horse¬ powers, likewise a traction and straw-burning engine which seems destined to go to the front and prove a profitable investment for the com¬ pany, as well as a boon to the wheat raisers on the boundless prairies, where wood and coal is so expensive and difficult to obtain, and straw, which is a burden, is better and easier used for fuel than any other method of disposition.

George M. Seymour holds the office of vicepresident and takes general charge of their build¬ ing and outside operations, of which the com¬ pany has enough to make a very large business of itself.

The president, 1). M. Sabin, has held this re¬ sponsible position from the time the company was organized, succeeding from the old firm to the same position in the corporation, involving the general and financial management of a con¬ cern whose monthly pay-roll may be counted by a score of thousands, and whose annual business far exceeds a million dollars.

This company until last year has been largely interested in the imnl>er business, having one of the most efficient and best appointed saw-mills on the St. Croix river. This, however, has been sold to the "C. N. Nelson Lumber Company," one of the most extensive lumber corporations in the Northwest, in which Mr. Sabin is one of the leading spirits. We here give a description of each department in these extensive works:

Office. On the first floor of the prison build¬ ing, and to the right of the main entrance, is lo¬ cated Seymour, Sabin & Co.'s offices, in which a large force of book-keepers and accountants are constantly employed.

Foundry. This building is 85x120 feet, and contains two sixty inch cupolas, i n which are melted twelve tons of iron per 'day. A forty horse-power engine adjoins the foundry, which furnishes power to run the cupola, fans and other machinery. In addition to the necessary amount of casting for the works, a large amount of jobwork is done for parties in the city. Sixty-two men are on the pay-roll in this department.

Machine shops. This department occupies a room 48x112 feet and two stories. Eighty-five men are here employed, who operate the follow¬ ing described machinery: two planers, four boltcutters, four longitudinal boring machines, eight upright drill presses, one boring bar, manufac¬ tured in the shop, and used for boring cylinders, one gang-drill machine, used for drilling cylinder bars; it drills eleven holes at once, and is one of the most useful machines in the establishment;, one fifteen-inch stamping machine, fourteen vises, one full set of steel shell reamers, and guage rings, ranging in size from five-eighths, to two and a half inches, one single and two double milling machines, one punching machine, three key-seat¬ ing machines, and thirty-four turning-lathes. New machinery is being constantly added to this department.

Blacksmith shop. This building is 40x80 feet. Fourteen forges are in constant use, and about thirty men are employed. The shop contains one trip-hammer, one bolt-heading machine, capable of making six thousand bolts per day, large punches, shears, and all other necessary ma¬ chinery.

There is one double surfacing machine, one tongue and grooving machine, one "Daniels" planer, one gang boring machine, circular saws, and a large amount of heavy machinery such as is generally used in working hard wood. From fifty-five to sixty men are employed in the two shops, which adjoin each other.

Wagon shop. In this building is made all the running gear for the separators, horse- powers and farm engines. It is 40x80 feet, and is well fitted up with all the latest improvements for setting axle skeins, turning spokes, guage lathes, etc. About fifteen men are employed in this depart¬ ment.

Setting-up room. This room is 65x104 feet, and twenty-five men are employed in the different de¬ partments. Here all the separators and horse¬ powers are set up, the material being all prepared in the other departments and delivered here in bulk. The labor of setting up the separators is ingeniously divided into seven departments, the machine being moved along as fast as each set of men complete their part of the work. Whev. they are finished, both separators and horse-powers are run from a half an hour to an hour, so that any inaccuracy iu the mechanism may be detected before leaving this room. Tliey are then run on an elevator and hoisted to the paint shop, which is directly over the setting-up room, and where the machines are made ready for market. Up¬ wards of thirty men are employed in this de¬ partment.

Farm engine shop. This building is 40x112 feet. Twenty-five men are employed in the vari¬ ous departments of this shop, which is well sup¬ plied with flexible drills, forges, and all other ma¬ chinery necessary to complete the machines with neatness and dispatch.

Belt shop. This adjoins the paint shop and gives employment to ten men, who manufacture the conveyancer, stacker, and all other belts used on the various machines manufactured, and also for use in the works.

Planing mill. This department gives employ¬ ment to eight men, and contains all the ma¬ chinery, such as surfacing, moulding, flooring machines, etc., usually found in a well appointed planing mill.

The carpenter and cabinet shop occupies a room 64x210 feet and furnishes employment to eighty-six men. Here are manufactured sash, doors, blinds, and all kinds of bank and office furniture, besides a large amount of brackets, scrolls and other builders' furnishings. One hundred and fifty thousand dollars worth of goods are manufactured in this department annually.

Pattern shop. Eight men are employed here in the preparation of patterns for the horse¬ powers, separators and other machinery in pro¬ cess of construction. The shop is 30x40 feet.

Cooper shop. These shops occupy two floors of a building 24x160 feet. The manufactures are principally pork and flour barrels. About forty men are employed, and six hundred barrels per day are turned out of the shops.

Fire department. Extensive precautionary measures have been taken to guard against a seri¬ ous conflagration in the works. On the hill which overlooks the prison yard, a reservoir has been built with a capacity of four thousand five hun¬ dred barrels, which is supplied by a Blake's du¬ plex direct acting pump. This reservoir affords a pressure of seventy-five pounds to the square inch. Located at different points in the works arc upwards of fifty hose-valves, to each of which are attached from fifty to one hundred feet of

The city water works are also attached to these pipes, by which, at a moments notice, by the sim¬ ple opening of a valve, the entire supply and pressure of an inexhaustable supply of water can be turned on.

Engine and boiler room. The vast field of ma¬ chinery described in the foregoing article is kept in motion by two engines, located in an engine room 80x46 feet. The larger of the two is an Alli8-Corlis8, with a twenty-six inch cylinder and forty-eight inch stroke, and three hundred and fifty horse-power.

The fly-wheel is twenty feet in diameter, with a forty inch face, and weighs forty thousand pounds. The smaller engine has a twenty-four inch cylinder and thirty inch stroke, and one hundred and fifty horse-power. The boiler room is 30x40 feet and contains six tubular boilers of five hundred and fifty horse-power.

Besides the above mentioned working force, a large number of men are employed in the capa¬ cities of engineers, firemen, night-watchmen, re¬ pairers, teamsters, loaders, etc.

Iron Manufactures

Swain's machine-shop, D. M. Swain, proprietor. This establishment, which has grown to con¬ siderable proportions during the past decade, had forlts corner-stone a very small beginning. D. M. Swain, the present proprietor, began his bus¬ iness in 1873, in an old warehouse on Main street, lie soon took for a partner a Mr. Gray, but at the end of the first season he withdrew from the business, which has since been conducted by Mr. Swain. In 1874 he erected his present establish¬ ment, which is located on Third street between Myrtle and Chestnut; it is built of brick, 28x60 feet, and two stories high.

The machinery used consists of five iron turn¬ ing-lathes and one wood lathe, one bolt cutter, one upright drill, one brass finisliing lathe, one iron planer, one stationary engine of his own manufacture, one emery wheel, and a large amount of other machinery, necessary for a fully-equipped machine-shop.

Ilis manufactures consist of portable, station¬ ary and marine engines, mill machinery and all kinds of job work in his line. Twenty men are

Swain's foundry, George Swain, proprietor. This establishment is located directly in the rear of D. M. Swain's machine-shop. It was started by George Swain, the present propri¬ etor, in 1874. The building is 40x40 feet, two stories high, and although not making a very great show, yet a large amount of work is turned out annually. His manufactures consist chiefly of engine-work, and in addition a considerable amount of mill-casting, farm-machinery, etc., is done.

St Croix Iron Works and Door, Sash and Blind Factory, Isaac Staples, proprietor. These buildings are located on the river bank, near the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha round¬ house. The first building to be erected was the machine-shop, 45x60 feet, about 1865, by Corning and Depew, of St. Paul, who run it as a machineshop a number of years.

In 1874 the property passed into the hands of D. S. Stombs, who erected a foundry 40x60 feet, and a boiler-shop 36x60 feet; he only run the business a short time, however, when it passed into the hands of Isaac Staples, who has since conducted it.

In 1878 Mr. Staples moved his machinery for the manufacture of doom, sash and blinds from his mill to this place, and set it up in its present location, in the second story of the machine Bliop. The machinery contained in the machine-shop, consists of, four turning-lathes, one eighteen-foot planer, one upright drill-press, five vises, etc. Six men are employed in this department.

The sash factory contains one jig-saw, one morticing-machine, two cut-off saws, one planer, one tenoner, one sand-papering machine, etc. Seven men are employed in this department.

There is also a boiler and blacksmith-shop, in which five men are employed. The whole ma¬ chinery is propelled by a forty horse-power en¬ gine with a ten-inch cylinder and fourteen-inch stroke, supplied by a tubular boiler, forty iuches in diameter and eighteen feet long. The engine is located in the basement of the machine-shop. Three men are employed in the foundry, which, in addition to the local work, does a large amount of casting for parties in Wisconsin. The door,

Frederick Steinacker, proprietor. This estab¬ lishment commenced the manufacture of brick in 1859, under its present management, in a yard located in Ilamsey and Carter's addition to Still¬ water. He employed from three to four men, and manufactured about 200,000 brick annually, until 1875, when his increasing business com¬ pelled him to purchase more land, which he did at the lower end of Sunfish lake, where he is now located. Since that time his business has rapidly improved, and he has averaged at least 500,000 brick annually, and employed an average of eight men. In 1880, he employed fourteen men and manufactured between 800,000 and 900,- 000 brick.

Carriage Manufacturers

Pioneer carriage manufactory, William Muller, proprietor. In 1866, the present proprietor pur¬ chased this location and erected a shop 20x40 feet and two stories high; on the first lloor was his workshop, and on the second floor his resi¬ dence. He did a successful business for several years, and in 1870 increasing business compelled him to erect larger shops. He added a shop 28x 60 feet and two stories; the first floor was used for blacksmithing and the second as paint and carriage trimming shops.

In 1873, the whole works were destroyed by fire, and as there was no insurance on the buildings, Mr. Muller sustained a serious loss; but not dis¬ couraged, he in 1875 rebuilt his shops on the same plan of those destroyed two years before. He has regained his former patronage, and is doing a flourishing business. Six men are employed in the manufacture of buggies, cutters, sleighs, wagons, etc. The works are located on Main street.

Stillwater carriage works, D. J. Sullivan, pro¬ prietor. This business was established in Octo¬ ber, 1878, in a building one door east of the Saw¬ yer house, but as the accommodations there were too small, Mr. Sullivan soon secured his present commodious building on Second street, which is 40x80 feet and two stories high. The first floor is used for blacksmith and wood shops, and the second floor for paint and carriage trimming shops. Ten men are employed in the various departments, and the goods manufactured con¬ sist of buggies, sleighs, platform and other wagons besides a large amount of repairing. The annual business amounts to upwards of $10,000.

Novelty carriage works, Richard Daw, proprie¬ tor. Mr. Daw began this enterprise in May, 1875, in the building now occupied by the "Stillwater carriage works." He did business there until 1877, when he removed to his present location. This building is 40x00 feet, and two stories high. The second story is used for paint and carriage trimming shops, and a portion of the first story is used for a wood shop. The balance of the first floor is occupied by J. Connors, blacksmith, and in this shop the iron work of Mr. Daw's car¬ riages is done. Mr. Daw manufactures carriages of all kinds, sleighs, platform wagons, etc. Four men are employed in his establishment.

Albert Saeker's wagon shop. Mr. Saeker es¬ tablished this business in 1872. lie makes a specialty of lumber wagons, but is prepared to do any work in his line. His place of business is on Second street, between Myrtle and Chestnut.

Hermann Tepass* brewery, is the outgrowth of the first brewery and still in the county, if not in the state. In 1851, Norbert Kimmick started a small whisky still on the comer of Third and Chestnut streets. This was located in the kitchen of his dwelling, and he manufactured about five barrels per week. In 1852, he built a brewery where the one now operated by Mr. Tepass stands, and which he conducted alone for two years, when he took as a partner, Frank Aiple, and they run the business together until Mr. Kimmick's death, which occurred in 1857. Mrs. Kimmick conducted the business with the as¬ sistance of her husband's former partner until January 1st, 1860, when she became his wife.

Mr. Aiple then assumed active management of the brewery, which continued until the destruc¬ tion of the building by fire in May, 1868. Mr. Aiple at once rebuilt on the old site, but scarcely had lie completed the work when he received an injury while putting in some water pipes, which caused his death on November 5th, 1868. Mrs. Aiplo was thus again compelled to assume con¬ trol of the establishment, which she conducted

The building is of stone, 45x75 feet, and three stories high. The front part of the first floor is occupied by the fifteen horse-i*ower engine and brewing room, and in the rear is the wash room; the balance of the building is occupied by a com¬ plete set of brewing apparatus. Seven men are employed, and four thousand barrels of beer are annually manufactured. The brewery is on lower Main street.

Wolf's Brewery, Joseph Wolf proprietor. This establishment is located on Main street at the comer of Nelson, and the enterprise dates back to the spring of 1868, when Martin Wolf, a brother of the present proprietor, erected on these premises, a small wooden building about 40x50 feet, and one story high. He conducted the busi¬ ness here until March, 1871, when it passed into the hands of Wolf, Tanner and Company, Joseph Wolf and A. Tanner being the principal owners. The business was conducted in the old wooden building until March 25th, 1872, when it was de¬ stroyed by Are. The erection of the present buildings was soon after commenced. The "Pa¬ cific hotel," which is on the street comer was first erected, it is 30x90 'feet and three' stories high. The first floor was at first used for a grocery store but is now a wholesale and retail liquor store. The second and third stories being the hotel. The brewery was then built, which is 40x90 feet and two stories high in front, but as it is built on the face of the bluff, the rear of the building towers up to four and five stories in bight. In May, 1876, Joseph Wolf purchased the whole business and has since conducted it. During the summer of 1880, a commodious brick office was erected, adjoining the brewery. It is 14x20 feet and two stories high. In this establishment are consumed annually 18,000 bushels of barley and over 6,000 barrels of beer are manufactured. The works are run by a fifteen horse-power engine with a boiler of thirty-five horse-power. Twelve men are employed and the business amounts to $60,000 annually.

Boot And Shoe Manufactory

was started under the firm name of Drews and Kern, on Chestnut street, in 1874, in a building 22x50 feet. The capital invested at that time was about $8,000.

The business was conducted under this man¬ agement, and at this location, until 1877, when Mr. Drews withdrew from the company, and his brother, Herman Drews, became a partner and the firm name was changed to Kern and Com¬ pany. The location was also changed to the present quarters, but at the end of six months, Mr. Drews sold his interest to Air. Kern and went to Germany, thus leaving him sole proprie¬ tor. His business has since rapidly increased, until now he employs ten men. The manufac¬ turing department is 25x55 feet, and his sales¬ room 25x75 feet. He does an annual business of $35,000.

Boat shop, George Miiller, proprietor. This enterprise was first started in 1878, by Miiller Brothers in a building 20x40 feet. They did most of their work by hand for two years, when the increase of business demanding more facili¬ ties, they put in a four horse-power engine and some machinery and added fifty feet to their building. Thus they continued for three years, when they found it necessary to add more ma¬ chinery to enable them to keep pace with their still rapidly improving business. An eighteen horse-power engine was put in, two cross-cut and two rip saws, 'one twenty-four inch surface planer, one stroke jointer, one sliaper, one jig saw, one guage lathe, and one hand lathe, etc., and have since added improvements from year to year. The brothers did business together till November 10th, 1880, when George purchased his brother's interest, and now conducts the business. Six men are employed, and 'orders are' tilled for the building of boats of all descriptions. Lumber¬ men's tools are also manufactured here, besides a large amount of other job work. It is the only boat building establishment in the city.

Stillwater coloring works, J. M. Burbridge and Sons, proprietors. This business is located on Second street, south of the post-office, and was established in October, 1879. Two rooms are in use, one as coloring- room and the other for press¬ ing. They do a good business and are giving satisfaction.

Ciopac and Anthony Tuor formed a partnership and began the manufacture of vinegar. A stone building of two stories was occupied. The amount of capital invested was $1,500. After several changes in the firm, Tuor became sole proprietor. Not meeting with success, he leased the factory to his son-in-law, A. Manthey, in 1881, and the establishment is now in use as a vinegar, soda-water and ginger ale factory.

Sod Hill green-house, Marcel Gagnon, pro¬ prietor. This business was established in 1877 by Mr. Gagnon in a building 12x40 feet, in which he did a successful business. During the past year he has completed a 14x20 feet addition, lie has a fine stock of plants of different varie¬ ties suited to the climate, and does a thriving business.

Chicago bakery and confectionery manufactory. The only establishment of this kind is that of Heitman and Becker. This business was estab¬ lished by the present firm April 7th, 1879, and since that time has been quite successful. The bakery and candy manufactory are located on Second street, and their sales-room on Main street. They also have jn connection with their other business a restaurant, and deal largely in fruits, cigars, tobacco, etc.

Chapter Lxx

The first banking of any kind done in Still¬ water was by Dr. Christopher Carli, who, about 1854, made arrangements for conducting an ex¬ change business with St. Louis and Chicago bankers; he did not open a regular banking office, but had a room in the rear of his drug-store, which was his bank.

The First National Bank is the outgrowth of the first bank established in Stillwater; it was a private bank, and was started about 1856, by K. A. Darling, of Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, L. R.

City Of 8T1Llwater-Banks

Carswell, of Hastings, Minnesota, and Charles Scheffer, of Stillwater, under the firm n^me of Darling, Carswell and Scheffer. Their office was on Second street, adjoining the land-office. Sep¬ tember 20th, 1858, Mr. Carswell withdrew from the firm and it was then known as Darling and Scheffer for a time, but after a few years they ob¬ tained a charter for a "State Bank," with the name of the "Bank of Stillwater," which con¬ tinued until July 19tli, 1865, when the present "First National Bank" was organized with « cap¬ ital of $50,000. The stockholders were, Charles Scheffer, of Stillwater; J. E. Thompson and Horace Thompson, of St. Paul, and Louis Ilospes and O. R. Ellis, of Stillwater. The first officers were, Charles Scheffer, president; Louis Hospe?> vice-president, and O. R. Ellis, cashier. The capital has since been increased to $130,000, with a surplus of $26,000. The discounts amount to $400,000, and the deposits to $300,000. The pres¬ ent officers are: Louis Ilospes, president; C. N. Nelson, vice-president, and F. A. Seymour, cash¬ ier. The directors are: Louis Ilospes, C. N. Nel¬ son, D. M. Sabin, Henry Westing, H. R. Mur¬ dock and F. A. Seymour, of Stillwater; George R. Finch and Albeit Scheffer, of St. Paul, and Smith Ellison, of Taylor's Falls. This bank is located on Main street, near the Opera House.

This bank was organized January 10th, 1871, by Isaac Staples and Samuel F. Hersey, of Still¬ water, and E. S. Edgerton, P. Berkey and II. W. Cannon, of St. Paul. The latter was connected with E. S. Edgerton, president of the Second Na¬ tional bank of St. Paul at the time, but imme¬ diately moved to this city and has held the posi¬ tion of cashier and general manager of the bank to the present time. The business of the bank was conducted for a time at the comer of Myr¬ tle and Stimson streets, in a room now used by the Lumbermen's Board of Trade, the balance of the building being occupied by Hersey, Staples and Bean, at that time, one of the largest lumbering concerns in the St. Croix Valley. The authorized capital stock was half a million dollars, fifty thousand of which was paid in on the day of or¬ ganization. The first officers were, Isaac Staples, president; Samuel F. Hersey, vice-president; and II. W. Cannon, cashier. On December 2d of the same year, the capital stock was increased to $100,000. On March 19th, 1872, the bank was removed to its present elegant banking rooms, on the comer of Myrtle and Main streets, which had been in course of preparation for some time, and at this time the capital stock was also increased to $126,000. During the financial panic of 1873, when many heavy banks were more or less em¬ barrassed, and many more compelled to succumb to the pressure brought to bear on them, this bank did not suspend currency payments, but in¬ stead, increased its capital to $150,000, and what is very remarkable in the history of this institu¬ tion, it is stated that less that $500 has been lost on discounted paper. The present officers are, Isaac Staples, president; R. F. Hersey, vice-pres¬ ident; and H. W. Cannon, cashier; the directors are, Isaac Staples, John McKusick, D. M. Sabin, David Bronson, David Tozer, I. E. Staples, II. W. Cannon and E. S. Edgerton; this board of directors represents upwards of $3,000,000.

Stillwater Saving's Bank. This institution was founded at the request of Hon. Samuel F. Her¬ sey, an old and influential citizen of Stillwater, he thinking that a savings bank w'ould be bene¬ ficial to the working men of this city. Accord¬ ingly on January 10th, 1873, the bank was incor¬ porated under an act of the legislature of 1867, with the following named gentlemen as trustees: Isaac Staples, David Bronson, Dwight M. Sabin, Louis E. Torinus, William Willim, I. E. Staples, and Henry W. Cannon. Until March 1st, 1879, six per cent, was paid on deposits, but since that time five per cent, only has been allowed. The officers are: Isaac Staples, president; D. Bron¬ son, vice-president; H. W. Cannon, secretary and treasurer. Although no profit has accrued to the trustees, the bank has been kept open and there are now two hundred and seventy-five accounts open,, principally minors, laborers and women.

Stillwater Board of Trade was organized in January, 1871. The first officers were: David Bronson, president; C. J. Butler, vice-president; D. W. Armstrong, secretary; and C. N. Nelson, treasurer. Board of directors: John KcKusick, Isaac Staples, J. E. Schlenk, J. O'Shaughnessy, M. Moffatt, E. W. Durant, J. N. Castle, B. G. Merry, G. M. Seymour and L. E. Torinus. Meet¬ ings are held on the last Thursday of each month, in a room on Myrtle street, comer of Stimson 's

The first hotel in Stillwater was known as the Nortlirup house, and was erected by Anson Northrop in the early summer of 1844. He oc¬ cupied it one year, then rented it to Robert Ken¬ nedy, who ran it one year, at the end of which time Mr. Northrnp resumed control. After an¬ other year it went into the hands of Stanchfield and Vail under a lease; these gentlemen occupied the house until it was destroyed by fire in Decem¬ ber, 1847. The six-year-old daughter of Mrs French, a lady employed in the house, was sleep¬ ing in a rear addition, and lost her life; no trace of her body was ever found.

The Minnesota house was built by Elam Gree¬ ley, fora private residence, in 1846, but after en¬ closing and roofing the building, it stood vacant for nearly a year. It was then purchased by Judd and Walker, who finished the building for a ho¬ tel and rented it to Harley Curtis. In 1849, Mr. Hartshorn became the proprietor and ran the house until 1861. Gray and Trimble had it until 1856; Samuel Burkleo then occupied it two years. It was then managed by different parties for short terms each, until old age had caused the building to be unfit for use as a public house. The old house still stands on the corner of Main and Chestnut streets, and is occupied by the St. Croix Post publishing company and a saloon.

The St. Croix house was built in 1848 by Anson Northrop, who conducted it as a hotel for two years. It then passed through a series of changes, finally falling into the possession of John Booren in 1874. Three years later, it was destroyed by fire.

The Lake house, built in 1849, by John II. Brewster, was next in point of time. This house, like the others, had a number of different proprietors. It was finally occupied as a tene¬ ment, and in 1874 was burned.

The Liberty house was built by Dr. John N. Ahl, who, after running it a few years, changed the name to the Lakeside hotel. Dr. Ahl was the proprietor until his death in 1872. The house was then conducted by several parties, and is now under the management of Paul Selb, and is

The Sawyer house, the leading hotel of Still¬ water, was built by Henry Sawyer in 1857, but was not opened to the public until 1860. It was opened under the management of A. B. Whitcher, who conducted it with success for two years, after which Jacob and Albert Lowell took i»ossession. In the meantime, eastern parties be¬ came the owners. In 1864 Isaac Staples pur¬ chased the house, and two years later sold to Dudley Hall, who owned it until 1871. In 1866 he leased it to John and Albert Lowell for five years, and at the expiration of that time it was purchased by Albert Lowell who has since owned and conducted it. The size of the building is 90x100 feet, and four stories high. It has accom¬ modations for about seventy-five guests.

The Stillwater house was built by Peter Al¬ derman in 1869. It is located on Mulberry'street between Second and Main. Michael Whyte is the present landlord. The house is now owned by George R. White.

The Farmer's Home hotel was built by Miller and Simonet in 1867, and was occupied as a store for three years. The partnership then ceased, and a portion of the building became a hotel known as the St. Louis house and subsequently the Farmer's Home. Henry Goeck has been pro¬ prietor for the past two years.

The Williams house was erected in 1870 on the corner of Mulberry and Second streets. Will¬ iams died in 1875, and since that time the house has been run by A. A. Ulen, his partner.

In October, 1870, Frank Raiter built and opened the Wexio hotel, and ran it for nearly ten years. Raiter still owns the house, and rents it to August Nellison, the present proprietor.

The Keystone house was erected in 1872 by Horace Voligny, at a cost of $3,000, and has been conducted by him since. This house is a com¬ modious and w'ell-kept hotel.

The Central house has been known since the spring of 1879. It was built at that time by August Booren at a cost of $8,000. The house is of brick, 30x72 feet, and three stories high. The hotel is run by John Booren. and August Booren has a saloon in the house. This hotel will accommodate about forty guests.

In 1872 John Disch built the Mansion house. This liotel is of brick, 40x70 feet, and furnishes accommodations for eighty guests. Mr. Disch, the originator of the enterprise, has been the landlord since the hotel was opened.

Livery Stables

Phoenix stables. The first to engage in this business in Stillwater, was C. A. Bromley in the fall of 1853. His stable was 40x60 feet, and he continued in it until 1867, when he rented a sta¬ ble which stood on the premises now owned and occupied by him, which he purchased after six years. lie enlarged his buildings but in 1875, fire destroyed them. The year following, he built the present stable, which is of brick, 60x60 feel, and three stories high. lie has over twenty horses and a thoroughly equipped stable.

A. J. Orff first began livery business in this city about 1870, in company with Mark Manter, in the stable now occupied by Ralir and Hanson. After two years Manter and Denton be¬ came partners for two years, at the expiration of which time, the firm dissolved. Mr. Orff then started alone on Main street, and in 1877, re¬ moved to his present location on the comer of Myrtle and Second streets. For three years from 1876, he ran a stage line between Stillwater and Marine. He has now a finely appointed stable with thirty horses and the necessary carriages, sleighs, etc., also a hearse.

Eclipse stable, II. C. Farmer, proprietor. This business was established at the present location, on Second street between Chestnut and Myrtle, in 1877. He has twenty horses and three hacks, besides the usual outfit .of buggies, Cutters, etc.

Rabr and Hanson's stable was first occupied by M. Manter, then by other firms until September, 1879, when the present firm took possession. The stable is located on Second street between Mulberry and Commercial Avenue, and is 40x60 feet, two stories high and basement. This es¬ tablishment is thoroughly equipped with a num¬ ber of horses, new carriages, etc., and is meeting with well-deserved success, as both gentlemen are well-known and popular.

Web. McKusick's stable is one of the oldest landmarks in the city, being all there is left of the old McKusick grist-mill into which the old saw-mill of 1844 was merged. After it ceased to run as a mill, it was used as a sash factory and for a machine-shop. In 1872, Mr. McKusick converted it into a livery stable. It is located on Main street, between Mulberry and Commercial Avenue. About twenty horses are kept. Mr. McKusick also has hay scales convenient to, and in connection with his stable.

The Hathaway Water Supply. Charles Hatha¬ way procured a lot on Third street, between Myrtle and Chesnut, for the purpose of building a shop and home. At one end of the lot water flowed from the bank in large quantities. Cut¬ ting into the bank until he reached the clay, he built a reservoir of about three hundred barrels capacity and laid a pipe to the street below with conveniences for loading. The reservoir has an elevation

Mrs. Socrates Nelson, a native of Conway, Franklin county, Massachusetts, was bom Sep¬ tember 6th, 1813. Her maiden name was Bertha D. Bartlett. She was reared and educated in the common and select schools of Conway. Married August 23d, 1838, Mr. George R. Bart¬ lett of her native place and with him moved to Knoxville, Knox county, Illinois, where Mr. Bartlett soon afterward died. She then returned to her parents in Massachusetts, and with them returned to Illinois, settling in Hennepin, Henry county, in the spring of 1840. In the fall of 1844 she married Socrates Nelson and came with him to Stillwater. She lived with him until his death in 1867. Since then she has lived with her son-in-law, Fayette Marsh. Her daughter, Mrs. Marsh, died November 26th, 1880. Mrs. Nelson was the first white woman to settle in the St. Croix valley.

Frank B. Netzer was bom in New York city in 1854. In 1867 his parents removed to Reed's Landing, Wabasha county, where he grew to manhood, and received his early education. In 1874 he entered the employ of the American Ex¬ press Company at Reed's Landing, and in 1878 was messenger on the Stillwater and Taylor's Falls railway between this city and St. Paul. In March, 1880, he took charge of the American and United States express offices ns agent for the two companies. Mr. Netzer was married November 4th, 1880, at Wabasha, to Miss Hattie, daughter of Henry Buisson, and grand-daughter of the oldest white settler of Wabasha county.

James S. O'Brien is a native of Miramichi, New Brunswick, born October 19th, 1847. The next year his parents removed with their family to Old Town, Maine, where they remained until 1853. They then removed to St. Croix valley, passing the winter at St. Croix Falls, removing the following spring to Stillwater, where they j have since lived. James here grew to manhood and acquired an education, and when fifteen years of age l>cgan in the logging business for Elam Greeley. During the winter of 1867 he began this business for himself in company with Durant, Hanford and McKusick, the next two seasons with Mr. McPheters. Since that he has lum¬ bered with James S. Anderson, and his brother John O'Brien. In 1875 James went to Kentucky and brought the famous race horse, "Gol. Iticely,"

Edward A. Olson, local minister of the Swedish Methodist Episcopal church, is a native of Guttenberg, Sweden, born October 7th, 1836. He be¬ gan sailor's life when nineteen years old, making his first voyage to Boston harbor and five years more were given to sea life under the American flag, a portion of the time being during the civil war. During this time he first experienced a de¬ sire to know more of the realities of religion and has continued to search after the good and true. In 1863 became to Chicago and after sailing some time on Lake Michigan he made a visit to his old home in Sweden. Returning, he resumed sailing on the lakes and occupied the position of second mate on the "Great West." In 1876 he came to Minneapolis ; on receiving an appointment at Centre City he removed thence, remaining one year, also one year at Marine. His wife is a faithful worker and established Sabbath schools at these places, being their superintendent; she richly deserves much credit for her energies. In October, 1879, Mr. Olson moved his family to Stillwater and has since given his attention to contracting and building. His wife was Miss Augusta Newlander, married 1876. Sidney E., Hattie A., Charles E. and Arthur E., are their children.

A. J. Orff was bom at Levant, Penobscot county, Maine, 1838. He remained at his native town attending school and learning the cooper's trade until eighteen years of age, when he started for the west, arriving at Stillwater in 1865. Here he gave his attention to lumbering fifteen years, after which he engaged in the livery business in this city, in which he still continues. About the year 1879 he interested himself in farm lands, purchasing near Glyndon, Clay county, Minneso¬ ta, six hundred and forty acres, four hundred and sixty of which is now under cultivation. In 1860 Mr. Orff and Miss Kilboum were united in mar¬ riage. Six years subsequently she died, leaving one daughter, Harriet, now the wife of Amos Boughton. He was married in 1871 to Miss Georgie Cram who departed this life in 1879.

of shoe-maker in .Massachusetts. He came to Stillwater in 1862, and began busienssat once in a small shop with limited means. Owing to the increase in trade, he removed to more commodi¬ ous quarters in Nelson's block, and later to the St. Croix building. In 1873, his stock was de¬ stroyed by fire, then he took refuge in a room in IIo8pes block and continued his trade there until taking posession of his present place of business. Since 1872, he has been agent for the Singer Sewing Machine Company. Married at Milford, Massachusetts, May, 1859, to Miss Mary Milon, They have had eleven children seven now living, all reside at home.

Peter Otto was bom in Germany, 1863, but when a child came with his parents to America. Making their home at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, till 1869, they then moved to Stillwater where Peter grew to manhood, and in the fall of 1870, went to St. Paul. For the space of three years he was in the employ of different firms, and in 1878, in company with George L. Oaks, opened an eating house and news depot, adjoining the St. Paul Minneapolis and Manitoba depot at St. Paul. The firm of Otto and Oaks continued un¬ til 1877, when Mr: Otto became sole proprietor, he carries the stock of news and fruits for the Manitoba railroad line.

Howard Packard was born at Mount Vernon, Kennebec county, Maine, July 7th, 1825. When eight years old he accompanied his parents to Augusta, where he was reared. On attaining majority he began life for himself, giving his at¬ tention chietiy to agricultural pursuits till the fall of 1864, when he came to the northern wilds of Minnesota, in what is now the thriving city of Stillwater. Until 1857 he engaged in lumbering on the St. Croix, then took charge of the Wash¬ ington county poor farm, and during bis stay of five years made many improvements; he cleared and broke seventy acres, fenced one hundred, and built a bam and granary. In 1863 he went to Virginia City, Idaho territory, and passed one year in the gold mines, then returned to Leaven¬ worth, Kansas, and was in the employ of the United States government. He went to Santa Fe, New Mexico, as a commissary, then returned to Leavenworth, and soon after helped to build three government posts, respectively, on the Big Horn, Little Horn and Powder Horn rivers. lie was post scout at Fort Phil. Kearney at the time of the memorable massacre by the Sioux; was then detailed to carry dispatches to Fort Lara¬ mie. Coming to Omaha, Nebraska, he left the government service and returned to Stillwater, via Hannibal, Missouri, arriving in 1866. His at¬ tention was given to boarding-house keeping, lumbering and other pursuits, uptil his appoint¬ ment as guard of the Minnesota state prison, which position he has since held with the excep¬ tion of two years, which was occupied as toll col¬ lector at the Lake St. Croix bridge. His wife was Miss Debora Taylor, of Maine, married April 22d, 1850. Leonora A. Samuel T. and Emma E. are their children.

Napoleon Pat well is a native of Ottawa, Can¬ ada, bom May 15th, 1843. He is the son of Peter and Josie Patwell, who were natives of Canada, and who removed to St. Paul, Minnesota, when Napoleon was three months old. Here he lived until 1865, then removed to Stillwater, and for eight years was engaged in the lath-mill of Hor¬ sey, Bean and Brown, and has since kept a con¬ fectionery store. His present location is on Second street, where he keeps a large stock of fruits, cigars, etc. His marriage with Miss An¬ gelina A. Edwards, of Stillwater, took place June 6th, 1867. Almira, Bertien II., Ella M., Stella and Ruth are their children.

James Pennington, Jr., was bom near Frederickton, New Brunswick, July 17th. 1839. His parents, James and Mary A. Pennington, moved with their family in 1840 to Aroostook county, Maine, where James grew to manhood. In 1854 he came west to Stillwater, and decided to make this his home. For five years he and his father were lumbering on the St. Croix river, and in 1861 Mr. Pennington purchased a farm of two hundred acres in Afton township, and for four summers engaged in agriculture, the winter seasons being passed in the lumber regions. During later years he has given his entire atten¬ tion to cutting and rafting logs, and for some time has been identified with the enterprising lumbermen of the valley. He has been twice married; his present wife was Miss Carrie Denton of Stillwater whom he married in 1871. Lillian D. is their only living child.

City Of Stillwater-Biographical

years he began a seafaring life as fireman on steamships and tug-boats, and when twenty-one years old went to Toronto, Canada, and took charge of the engine of the Royal Dominion mills. Owing to its changing owners, he was relieved and went to Cobourg, Ontario, as engi¬ neer in the woolen mills. Thence to Grand Rapids, Michigan, in Taylor's plaster-mills, and in April, 1880, came to Stillwater as engineer in Townshend and Company's fiouring-mills, where he is at present located. Ilis engine-room is a model of neatness and beauty, and shows to a good advantage the skill of a practical engineer. Mr. Perrelle is unmarried.

N. W. Peterson was born in the province of Skane, near Christianstad, Sweden, October 1st, 1847. Here he passed his childhood and received an education, coming to America in 1868. His first winter was passed at Centre City, Chisago county, Minnesota, but during the following spring he came to Stillwater. Nearly two years were passed in the employ of John McKusick, and in 1872 he engaged at the Sawyer house as porter, where he has since remained. December 26th, 1880, he married Miss Minnie Hanson, who is a native of Sweden.

Jesse Phillips was born at Farmington, Michi¬ gan, May 27th, 1844. When he was three years old his parents removed to Ilaraboo, Wisconsin, remaining seven years; thence to Houston coun¬ ty, Minnesota, near the village of Ilokah. When thirteen years of age, Jesse went to Milwaukee and there learned the mill-wright's trade; after five years apprenticeship, remained as a work¬ man two years. He then visited a number of cities in Missouri, Louisiana, Kentucky and Ten¬ nessee, and in 1868 came to Minneapolis, Minne¬ sota. Two years later he located at Stillwater, where he has since made his home, working at his trade in this city and vicinity. Ilis marriage with Miss Eva Giddis took place March 1st, 1874. John J., Ella G. and Eva are their children.

Henry C. Pierce was bom at East Machias, Washington county, Maine, April 17th, 1847. He lived with his parents until reaching manhood, then in 1868, came to Michigan and engaged in the mercantile business two years, and came to Stillwater in 1870, giving his attention for four years to lumbering. Warden Jackman then ap¬ pointed him guard of Minnesota state prison, which position he has since held with credit. He and Miss Mattie M- Orr were united in marriage in 1863. Charles E. and Mattie E. are their chil¬ dren, living. Frederick II. died.

Phillip Potts was bom May 2d, 1839, and is a native of Prussia. His early life was passed in Ids native town, and in 1865, accompanied by his brother Fred, came across the Atlantic to America and located at Stillwater, and soon after began clerking for his brother, Robert, in the hardware trade. Subsequently he began steam¬ boating on the St. Croix and Mississippi, follow¬ ing it until he enlisted June 3d, 1861 , in Company D, Second Minnesota. At the battle of Chickamauga he received a scalp wound and was honorably discharged at Nashville, Tennessee, June 10th, 1864. He returned to Minnesota, and after a brief time at St. Paul, went to Memphis, Tennessee, and was in the confectionery trade eight months. He was then located at Owatonna, Minnesota, three years. Returning to Still¬ water, until 1876 he was in the general merchan¬ dise trade, and has since been in the wholesale liquor trade. In 1866 he married Philomena De Ceprez, who has borne him five children, three of whom are living.

John S. Proctor was bom at Cavendish, Ver¬ mont, February 26th, 1826. His father died in 1837, leaving five daughters and two sons. At the age of eleven years, he began work on a farm, which employment he continued during sum¬ mer months till he arrived at the age of seventeen, attending the district schools one term each win¬ ter. After teaching school two winters, he com¬ menced the mercantile life. Coming to St Louis, Missiouri, in 1846, he remained three years, em¬ ployed in a wholesale dry-goods establishment. He came to Minnesota in 1849, was elected reg¬ ister of deeds at first election of Washington county, and held the office two terms, being at the same time, postmaster. In 1852, be engaged in the general merchandise business and con¬ tinued with the firm of Short, Proctor and Com¬ pany until 1856, then opened a hardware store in company with his brother, the firm name being Proctor Brothers, this firm closed their business in 1860. During that year, he was appointed warden of the Minnesota state prison, which po¬ sition he occupied eight years, during the time was also secretary and treasurer of the St. Croix

Boom Company, tilling the position until Decem¬ ber, 1880. He was chosen mayor of the city in 1878-'79-'80, and received the appointment of surveyor general of logs and lumber of the first district, from Governor Pillsbury, which term commenced April, 1881. Mr. Proctor was mar¬ ried in 1854 to Caroline M. Lockwood: Levi C. is their only son.

John Quinlan was bom at Brooklyn, New York, January 20th, 1859. He removed to Still¬ water while yet a child, with his parents, and here learned the trade of plumber, gas and steam fit¬ ter, he is also dealer in gas pipe fittings, brass fixtures, pumps, etc. His building is located on Chestnut street, is 14x80 feet, affording employ¬ ment to three mechanics.

John Rahr, a native of Denmark, was bom in August, 1864. Coming to America in 1873, he (tassed the first summer at Sparta, Wisconsin, and during the fall of the same year came to Still¬ water and followed lumbering two years, then en¬ gaged with 8. S. Denton in the livery business. He remained in this occupation until he, in com¬ pany with Paul Hanson, began his present business. Married at Hudson, Wisconsin, June 21st, 1880, to Miss Christinia Mattson, who departed this life October 13th, of the same year.

Frank M. Raiter was born February 14th, 1842, and is a native of Sweden. He learned the tai¬ lor's trade in his native country, and in 1864 came to America, locating at Stillwater. For six years he was employed as cook on the river, then erected the Wexio hotel, which he still owns. He, however, still retains the sample-rooms in connection with the hotel. Married at Marine, Washington county, September 16th, 1870, to Miss Eliza Ilawkinson. They have had two children. Hattie is the only surviving one.

John A. Reed was bora at Grafton, New Hampshire, December 25th, 1831. In conse¬ quence of the death of his father, at the age of seven years lie went to live with his grandfather in Merrimack county, and engaged in agricul¬ ture until attaining majority. His education was acquired at the Andover Academy, after which he taught school. In 1854 he removed to Clay¬ ton county, Iowa, where he was engaged in teach¬ ing winters and tilling the soil during the sum¬ mer seasons. Four years later he located on a farm in Blue Earth county, Minnesota, remain¬ ing until enlisting in 1861, in Company I, Fifth Iowa Cavajry, afterward detached and known as Company B, Brackett's Battallion Minnesota Cavalry, was mustered out as captain in June, 1866. Returning to Blue Earth county he was elected to the legislature, and by re-election, served three successive years. July 16th, 1874, he was appointed warden of the Minnesota state prison, which position he still occupies. His wife was Rachel France, married in 1866. Their children, living, are, W. C., Clara L., Willie and Belle.

Captain Samuel M. Register was bom in the vicinity of Dover, Delaware, 1827. There he grew to manhood on a farm. His parents Fran¬ cis and Mary Register, are of French descent, their ancestors having settled in Delaware about the time of the revolutionary war. Captain Reg¬ ister came to St. Paul, Minnesota, in 1850, on board the steamer, "Highland Mary No. 2," com¬ manded by Captain Atchison, which landed April 20th. The next day he took stage for Stillwater: the coach being a heavy lumber wagon, and the roads being almost impassable, the captain con¬ sequently received a thorough jolting. Since his first arrival at this city it has been his home. He has been prominently identified with the early lumberman of the St. Croix valley, and has also dealt quite extensively in pine lands. In 1852, he was pilot on the river, the rafting at that early day being done by anchor and line. In 1871 he began running the steamer, "Helen Marr," in which he owned one-third interest; this boat he run as captain five or six years. Since then he he has run boats for Isaac Staples as captain. His thorough knowledge of the river renders him very prominent in his profession, and an active man in navigation. He was a member of the ter¬ ritorial legislature, 1854-55, and in the early days of the city was a member of the council several terms. His marriage with Miss Minerva Mc- Causlin, of Stillwater, took place in 1856. They have five children living, Emma, Frank, Charles, Samuel and George.

E. Rhiner, a native of Switzerland, was born February 15tli, 1819, and lived with his parents until twelve years old. He then engaged in freighting in different parts of his native country until 1853, then came to America, and during the same year landed in Stillwater. For three sea- sons he was employed as a lumberman for Isaac Staples, also two years more for himself. He then dealt in horses in this city with much suc¬ cess until 1863, when he established his present business. Mr. Ithiner has been twice married, his present wife was Miss Yerene White, married in 1860. Kate, Emma, Anna, Alice, Rosa, Susie and Frederick, are the children.

Charles II. Rhoads is a native of Kentucky, bom June 5th, 1828. While yet a small child his parents removed with him to Illinois. When Charles was a lad of ten years they moved to a point about nine miles north of St. Louis, named Rhoad's Point in honor of this family being its first settlers. Here he began river life, his father being a pilot, and soon acquired a thorough know¬ ledge of the river; was first made engineer, then mate and has since been pilot. Ilis first steamer was "Walk-in-the- Water," on the Illinois river. In 1852 he came to the St. Croix valley, where he began as pilot from Stillwater to St. Louis. Being one of the first pilots in this region his thorough knowledge of the river ranks him in the first class; he is one of the oldest pilots now living in this city. Miss Anna E. Scobee was made his wife April 7th, 1869, at St. Louis. January, Jesse, Fanny, Charles II,, James C., George S. and Charlotte B. are their children.

James C. Rhodes, M. D. was bom at Bridgewater, New York, June 24th, 1824. He prepared for college at Clinton, but loft Hamilton college in the junior year; after a brief respite from studies began reading law at Pulaski, Oswego county, he however soon abandoned it, preferring the study of medicine. He read medicine with Dr. Hiram Murdock of that place, and attended lectures at Geneva medical college, receiving his diploma in 1847; practiced six or seven years in Jefferson county, about three years in Oswego and Brockport, being also proprietor of a drug store at these places. In 1857 the doctor settled in Stillwater and here practiced twenty-one years steadily, except while in military service. In 1862 he enlisted as private in the Seventh Minne¬ sota Infantry, three months later was made as¬ sistant surgeon of the First Minnesota Mounted Rangers; in the south he was contract surgeon in the field. During the fall of 1864 he was dis¬ abled by sickness but on recovery was appointed assistant surgeon of the First Minnesota Heavy

Artillery; was mustered out of service during the autumn of 1866. Dr. Rhodes has been county commissioner, coroner, member of the city coun¬ cil, health officer of the city, and for the past nine years a member and clerk of the school board, also gives much time to the pursuit of his profes¬ sion. Miss Esther K. Murdock became his wife in May, 1848. Of their four children, three are living, Frances E., Marion L. and James C., Jr.

Seward P. Richardson, a resident of Stillwater, was bom at Bangor, Maine, February 18th, 1844. Here he acquired a practical education and learned the trade of mill-wright. Enlisting in the First Maine Heavy Artillery in 1864, he served until the close of hostilities and returned home in the fall of 1865. He engaged in mercantile business till 1871, then came west to Stillwater and entered the employ of Torinus, Staples and Company in their hardware and general store, remaining about four years. He then engaged with his present firm as assistant book-keeper, and is now cashier and book-keeper. His marriage with Miss Elizabeth A. Bent, of Bangor, took place at Bos¬ ton. Massachusetts, May 16th, 1869. Their only son is Harry B.

William H. Richardson was bom at Bangor, Maine, December 29tli, 1846, where he lived until 1868, the last three years of the time being em¬ ployed in a wholesale drug house. During the spring of that year he came to Stillwater and be¬ gan clerking for the St. Croix Boom Company, where he continued two years, then two years in a store. For two years longer, he was steam¬ boating on the St. Croix, then book-keeper for Isaac Staples the same length of time. Finally in November, 1878, he was appointed deputy county treasurer which office he still holds. His graml-father Marcus Richardson, of Bangor, Maine, died in 1831, at the age of one hundred years and two and one-half months and was sup¬ posed to be the oldest Freemason in the world. Mr. Richardson and Miss Mary Mower of this county were married in 1873. Two children have been bom to them, both living.

Dr.,F. L. Roberts was bom at Ludlow, Ver¬ mont, March 4th, 1854. When ten years old, he with his mother and sister came to Alton, Illi¬ nois, his father having preceded them one year and opened dental rooms. During the same fall they removed to Madison, Wisconsin, returning to Alton two years later, which place has since been the parental home. Mr. Roberts had the very best advantages, studying his profession with his father, and in 1874 opened, dental rooms at Virden, Illinois, practicing until 1876, then went home to enter into partnership with his father. In consequence of declining health, he remained only three years, then came to Stillwa¬ ter with the intention of returning as soon as his health would permit. He however was prevailed upon by friends to locate in Stillwater, which he did in 1880. Finding his health rapidly improv¬ ing and being delighted with the country and climate, he opened a dental office, and intends making this his future home.

John F. Roney is a native of Frederickton, New Brunswick, bora June 14th, 1847. While yet a babe his parents removed to Fort Kent, Maine, where John grew to manhood. When eight years old he began attending school, but as years passed on he was obliged to confine his at¬ tendance at school to the winter months, and as¬ sisted his father during the summer. He soon acquired a thorough knowledge of his father's trade, that of contractor and builder. In 1866 he in company with his father and uncle, came to Minnesota, arriving at Stillwater July 24th. Engaging with Seymour, Sabin and Company, he assumed charge of the coopering department, and the next three years occupied the same posi¬ tion in the carpenter shop assisting in putting up the first threshing machine. After nbout one and one-half years in the employ of others, he returned to this firm and is now foreman in the setting-up shop, having full charge of that de¬ partment. His wife was Melinda Goodine, mar¬ ried in 1866. Ida C., William A., Josephine M. and Margie are their children.

James Root was bom at Albany, New York, November 8d, 1843. At the age of fourteen he began the railroad business as brakesman; four years were passed on the Hudson River railroad, then about one year on the Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana railroad. In 1863 he en¬ listed as a minute man in defense of Indiana against "Morgan's Raid," thence to Cincinnati on the same mission, but was soon after mustered out. He then ran on the Louisville and Nash¬ ville railroad as engineer, then to Chattanooga, and ran the engine for hospital trains. Coming to Stillwater in 1866, he was second engineer in the mills of John Atley about one year, then on the steamer "Tiger" made two trips from Still¬ water. to Lake Pepin. In 1868 he went to Duluth and has since been engineer for the St. Paul and Duluth railroad. Miss Ellen M. Fox. of Still¬ water, became his wife December 25th, 1869. They have one bright-eyed boy, Edward J.

Dwight M. Sabin was born at Marseilles, La Salle county, Illinois, April 25th, 1843. His father was an extensive land-owner and stockraiser, but subject to continued turns of ill health, which at eleven years of age threw the entire management of affairs on the oldest son, Dwight.

This continuance of ill health induced the family to remove to Connecticut in 1856, for the purpose of being near the seaside, and at the age of thirteen young Sabin, was placed at school in a New England village and continued there for two years, when his parents settled again on the old farm in Killingly, Connecticut, where they resided until the death of the father in 1864. In the meantime Dwight's youthful aspirations of fitting for the legal profession received its check in the continued ill health of his father, necessi¬ tating his close attention at home in the care of the farming, wood and lumbering operations con¬ nected with one of the large, heavily-timbered old New England farms, so that his schooling consisted of four or five months winter attend¬ ance on one of the country schools in the "old red school-house at the fourcorners," the summer time being devoted to farm-work and continu¬ ance of studying the common branches as oppor¬ tunity afforded, his preference being historical works and mathematics, working through a full course of the latter studies.

After the death of his father, the subject of this sketch removed, in 1867, with his mother and younger brother, to this state, settling the following year at Stillwater and forming the present firm of Seymour, Sabin and Company. Since Mr. Sabin's residence in this state, his ca¬ reer is so familiar as to need but little comment. The mammoth corporation of which he is presi¬ dent and treasurer, manufacturing more thresh¬ ing machines than any other concern in the world, has been built up under his management and speaks for itself. His enterprise is also strikingly illustrated in his connection with the extensive lumber concern of C. N. Nelson and Company, one of the largest in the country, as also the milling and elevator interests of Stillwater, and the presidency of the Duluth Iron Company. Success has attended in a remarkable degree all his enterprises, which is the strongest evidence of financial and business ability that can be offered.

In the political world Mr. Sabin lias borne a conspicuous part Has served two terms in each branch of the state legislature, occupying some of the most important chairmanships on com¬ mittees. Is also at present member of the na¬ tional republican committee for Minnesota, and has been a delegate to each of the national re¬ publican conventions for the last sixteen years.

L. Sargent, a native of New Hampshire, was born February 6th, 1837. While yet a child his parents removed with their family to Haverhill, Massachusetts. At the age of twelve years Londrus went to Lowell . and served an apprentice¬ ship of three years in James Hart and Com¬ pany's sash, door and blind factory, and after¬ ward spent two years ibore as a journeyman. In 1856, he began a sailor's life, going first on board a whaling vessel as ship carpenter, bound on a whaling voyage to the South Pacific. After a service of twenty-one months, he left her at the Caroline Isles, remaining there among the sav¬ ages four months, then joined the barque Hose Poole as carpenter and harpooner, remaining un¬ til her return in May, 1860. He then became sec¬ ond mate of the barque Norman, which during the entire civil war was cruising along the shores of Chili and Peru; she returned to New Bedford and Mr. Sargent here abandoned her and sea life. He resumed his former occupation, and in 1868, went to Omaha, Nebraska, where he spent four years at his trade. Coming to Stillwater at that time he entered the employ of Seymour, Sabin and Company, and has since held the position of su¬ perintendent of their sash, door and blind, job¬ bing department, with credit to himself and the company. His marriage with Miss Emma Ham¬ mond took place in 1867: Bertha W., Edith R., Francis H. and Alfred B. are their children.

William Schermuly was born in Germany, in 1836. The place was formerly a fortress and at the well preserved old castle, which had been converted into a school building, he attended school till the age of fourteen years, then com¬ menced the study of music at the gymnasium at Weilburg. He played with a band some time and traveled with a circus through England. In 1852, he immigrated to America, located at Evans¬ ville, Indiana, where he learned the baker's trade. Coming to Stillwater in 1860, he engaged with Mr. F. Schulenburg to take charge of his board¬ ing house which he kept two years, then went into the pineries as cook. In 1876, he with Prof. W. P. Schilling, began printing the St Croix Post in German. Three years later Julius II. Duel purchased Mr. Schilling's interest, the firm name now being Duel and Schermuly. Maria E. Berg became his wife in 1856, and has borne him ten children: Ernest, August, Emma, Annie, Minnie, Lurie, Maria, Willie, Albert and Geo. W.

William P. Schilling, professor of vocal and instrumental music, was bom June 28th, 1849, in Germany. When a lad of twelve years, he be¬ gan the study of music and two years later went to Montabaur, to receive private instruction on the piano, organ and violin from Prof. Kaltenbacli, remaining two years preparatory to enter¬ ing the Musical Academy. After passing an ex¬ amination, he entered the Academy from which he graduated in all branches of music after a course of three years. Soon after, he was ap¬ pointed by the government as organist and vocal instructor. In 1870, he came to America, com¬ ing to Stillwater the next year. He organized the Germania orchestra, the Schilling juvenille string band, which consists of seven instruments, also the Stillwater Maennerchor, of which he is leader. Mr. Schilling has given his undivided attention to music all these years and is a com¬ petent teacher; was elected leader of the Stillwa¬ ter Comet Band, August, 1880.

Joseph Schupp is a native of Baden, Germany, bom March 7th, 1831. On reaching man's es¬ tate, he came to America and located at Buffalo, New York, removing thence to Sandusky, Ohio, where he was clerk in a hardware store one year, then went to Toledo. Here he weighed grain in an elevator until coming to Stillwater in 1858, and embarked in the dry-goods and grocery business, opposite the present new opera house, with a $400 stock of goods. Owing to the increase in trade, he purchased the lot and erected his present building, and is now doing an exclusive cash business of sixty thousand dollars annually. Ilis wife was Magdalena Fuller, a native of Switzer¬ land, manned at Toledo, Ohio, 1855. Five chil¬ dren have been bom to them, four of whom are living.

Nicholas F. Schwarz was bom in Butler county, Pennsylvania, October 1st, 1842. He was there educated and learned the shoemaker's trade, then made a tour through Pennsylvania, Ohio and In¬ diana; after engaging in business at different places, he proceeded to Stillwater, via St. Louis, reaching here in 1871. For two years he worked as a journeyman, then began business for himself in a small, frame building on lower Main street. In 1876 removed to his present location and em¬ ploys four men in the manufacture of boots and shoes. His marriage with Miss Caroline Otto, oc¬ curred October 29th, 1876. Two children have been bom to them, Lena and Nicholas J. C.

Walter Scott was born at Montpelier, Vermont, April 8th, 1852. Coming west to St. Anthony, Minnesota, he here attended the public schools, subsequently learned the machinists' trade at the Minnesota Iron Works of Minneapolis. In April, 1876, he removed to Stillwater and has since been in the employ of Seymour, Sabin and Company, being at present foreman in their machine shops. His wife was Miss Sturtevant, who has l>ornu him three children.

Rev. Jacob Siegrist, pastor of the German Lu¬ theran church of Stillwater, was bom in Germany, October 12tli, 1846. From six years of age to fourteen he attended the public schools, then be¬ gan his studies at Kloster, Maulbronn, remaining four years. He then went to Basil, Sweden, and spent live years in the study of theology at the St. Christiana college. In 1869 he came to America, stopped a brief time at St. Paul, Min¬ nesota, and was then called to St. John's church, Washington county, where he began his duties as pastor of that congregation also that of Stillwater. In April, 1873, he gave to other hands the work of the St. John's and has since presided over the church in this city. Reverend Siegrist was mar¬ ried at St. Paul, in 1870, to MissOttilie Ebert, of Prussia. Three children have been born to them , two of whom survive.

and in 1856 removed to Eau Claire, Wisconsin, where he was a lumberman until enlisting. He entered company C, Eighth Wisconsin Infantry, served four months in the ambulance corps, twen¬ ty-two months as wagon master, and was honora¬ bly discharged in 1804. Returning to Eau Claire, he continued lumbering one year, then in the liquor trade till 1809, afterwards was proprietor of a brick yard till 1876. After engaging in the hotel business three years at Menomonee, Wis¬ consin, he located at Stillwater, where he is now manager of the Lake Side hotel, having in con¬ nection a l>oarding and livery stable. Married June 8th, 1865, to Miss Johanna Miller. Her¬ man, Amelia, Rosa, Julius. Annie and Freddie, are their children living; Rol>ertand Louisa died.

George Seucerbox was born at Warsaw, Han¬ cock county, Illinois, July 3d, 1853. His father, J. W. Sencerbox, made several visits to Minne¬ sota as captain of the steamer John B. Gordon, one well known on the waters of the Mississippi at an early day. His son George came to Shakopee in 1860 and during youth attended the pub¬ lic schools of that place. On leaving school he took charge of a livery barn three years, then was in the employ of the St. Paul and Sioux City rail¬ road company as locomotive fireman, and in 1875 came to Stillwater. The same year he was ap¬ pointed guard of the Minnesota state prison, and for six years has held that position. Married Miss Lillie M. Lumbard, of Shukopee, in 1873. They have two children, Anna May and George B.

V. C. Seward was bom July 10th, 1845, at Laketon, Wabash county, Indiana. When ten yeais old he accompanied his parents to Man¬ kato, Minnesota, and served an apprenticeship in th'e office of the Mankato Independent, which paper was founded in 1857. Entering the West¬ ern Reserve College, at Hudson, Ohio, in 1866, he was obliged to leave during sophomore yoar, in consequence of ill-health. Accepting a posi¬ tion as news editor of the Cleveland, Ohio, Lead¬ er, he remained only a few months, then resigned and returned to Minnesota. In September, 1869, he founded the Redwood Falls Mail, and four years subsequently came to Stillwater, having purchased the Messenger, in company with Pro¬ fessor S. S. Taylor, of St. Paul.. His wife was Miss Elizabeth Putnam, of St. Paul, married in 1869. They are the parents of one child.

G. M. Seymour is a native of Onondaga county, New York, born March 26th, 1829. He passed his early life on a farm, and in 1845 commenced learning the carpenter's trade. Four years later he eugaged in the manufacture of lumber and staves, and soon after in the manufacture of salt, in what is now a part of Syracuse, continuing for five years. In 1655 he again engaged as architect and builder; three years later came to Stillwater, still following bis trade. In 1861 was awarded the prison contract, and engaged in making coop¬ erage. Iu 1863 he took as partner W. Webster, and continued three years, when Mr. W. Willim became a partner, the firm name being Seymour, Webster and Company, until the expiration of the contract, which was in 1869. The same year a new copartnership was formed under the title of Seymour, Sabin and Company; and was incor¬ porated in 1874 with the title of "The Manufac¬ turing Corporation of Seymour, Sabin and Com¬ pany, '' with Dwight M. Sabin president, and G. M. Seymour vice-president. Mr. Seymour has held the office of sheriff of this county two years, and has been for eight years past member of the city council. During the late war he was provost marshal three years. lie has an interest in sev¬ eral silver mines in Leadville, which occupy much of his time. Mias Anna B. Kingsley became his wife in 1851. Frank A., their only son, is now cashier of the First National bank of Stillwater. Marian O., their only daughter, graduated with high honors in 1880 from Mount Holyoke Semi¬ nary.

Mathew Shorlall, a resident of Stillwater, was born in New Brunswick, June 2d, 1846. On reaching manhood he came to Stillwater and gave his attention to lumbering, to which he devoted his time until appointed on the police force in 1871. Two years later he received the appoint¬ ment of chief which position he still holds. Married in 1869 to Miss Ellen Organ who died in 1874, leaving two children to mourn their loss. Mr. Shortall re-married in 1877 to Mary Kenny who has borne him three sons, two of whom are living.

A. G. Shuttinger was born in Madison county, Illinois, September 12th, 1858. He fin¬ ished his education at the Central Wesleyan college of Missouri after which he returned home and for five years was clerk in a hardware store.

He then removed to Hastings, Minnesota, and clerked in a clothing-store a short time, thence to Stillwater, June 10th, 1878, landing in the city penniless. Possessing an ambitious nature he at once sought a situation which he gained with Seymour, Sabin and Company at one dollar per day. Subsequently he entered the store of Louis Albenburg, as clerk, where he remained until he accumulated enough to begin business for himself in 1880. His marriage with Miss H. L. Tracy, of this city, occurred November 6th, 1880.

Harry Simmons, blacksmith, is a native of England, born November 28tli, 1855. He learned his trade in his native country, and in 1873, came to America. During the spring of 1877, he be¬ gan business at his present location, at Stillwater, the following year taking as partner, Mr. Grant, the firm name being Simmons and Grant. Both being practical workmen, they do a good business in that line. In 1879, Mr. Simmons in company with H. Jassoy opened a harness shop with a capital of $500; employing at present four men, his business having increased to a capital of $2,000.

S. Simonet, a native of Switzerland, was bom September 20th, 1833. Learned the carpenter's trade in the land of his nativity, and in 1857, came to America, locating at Stillwater. After a brief visit, he removed to St. Peter, Minnesota, there engaging in the pursuit of his trade till 1866. He remained one year in St. Paul, then re¬ turned to Stillwater and began business with P. Muller as furniture and cabinet makers. In 1868, his partner withdrew, since which time Mr.Simonet has continued alone, making several additions to his building, and now carries a large assortment. Miss Caroline Carpetz became his wife in June, 1859, at St. Peter. Ten children have been bora to them, six of whom are living.

James H. Sinclair was bom at Racine, Wiscon¬ sin, and at the age of seventeen years, he began the machinist's trade at that place, serving an apprenticeship of five years. Subsequently he established a sash, door and blind factory, also a planing mill in Chicago, which he sold in 1873, but continued in the same business for some time in the employ of Rickets and Mavor. Going thence to Dallas, Texas, he remained two years in the employ of Witt and Stair. In 1878, came to Stillwater having held the position of superin¬ tendent of the soft wood department of Seymour, Sabin and Company's thresher building. His wife was Miss Emma A. Stearns, married in 1872. Harry is their only child.