Buchanan County, Missouri - Chapter 19: Buchanan County and St. Joseph in War. - the, 1900

The Fourth Regiment Of Missouri Volunteers

BUCHANAN COUNTY AND ST. JOSEPH IN WAR. - THE WAR WITH MEXICO. - DONIPHAN'S EXPEDITION. - THE OREGON BATTALION. - THE CIVIL WAR. - A MOB DESTROYS THE UNITED STATES FLAG. - SOME OF THE MEN WHO WENT SOUTH AND DISTINGUISHED THEMSELVES AS SOLDIERS. - THE UNION REGIMENTS THAT WERE ORGANIZED IN ST. JOSEPH, THEIR OFFICERS AND WHERE THEY FOUGHT. - THE "PAWPAW MILITIA;" ITS HISTORY AND HOW IT CAME INTO EXISTENCE. - THE MISSOURI MILITIA AFTER THE WAR. - THE NATIONAL GUARD OF MISSOURI. - THE WAR WITH SPAIN AND THE COMPANIES THAT WENT FROM ST. JOSEPH TO THE FOURTH REGIMENT OF MISSOURI VOLUNTEERS.

Having reviewed the political history of Buchanan County and St. Joseph, and touched incidentally upon commercial and social progress, it is deemed proper, at this point, to make a digression and to consider the various war periods. The war with Mexico, the civil war and the late struggle with Spain will be touched upon as far asthey are related to the people of this county.

During the month of May, 1846, Governor Edwards called for volunteers to join the Army of the West in an expedition to Santa Fe under command of General Stephen VV. Kearney General Kearney was the father of Charles W. Kearney, now a resident of St. Joseph, and the uncle of General Phil. Kearney. A number went from here, among them Wilard P. Hall, who was then a candidate for congress. Mr. Hall left a law practice and the campaign to take care of itself and joined the First regiment of Missouri cavalry as a private. This regiment assembled at Fort Leavenworth and elected as its colonel Alexander W. Doniphan of Liberty, who had also enlisted as a private. The regiment went with Colonel Kearney as far as Santa Fe. From that point its operations became known as Doniphan's Expedition," an achievement that is

The entire Army of the West, at the beginning of the campaign, numbered 1,658 men. The army, composed of dragoons and cavalry, marched across the plains in detachments, the first leaving Fort Leavenworth on June 29th, and the last on July 6, 1846. They rendezvoused at a famous trading post on the Arkansas River in Colorado, the present site of Fort Lyon, know then as Bent's Fort. After resting several days the reunited forces proceeded south, crossed the Raton mountains through the Raton pass and entered the city of Las Vegas without opposition on August 15. The alcalde and all other citizens of the place took the oath of allegiance to the United States. Here Colonel Kearney received his commission as general, forwarded by messenger from Washington.

Learning that Armijo, the governor of New Mexico, had fortified Apache pass, through which led the road to Santa Fe, and was occupying it with a considerable force, General Kearney marched to meet him, in the expectation of battle. But at his approach the Mexicans retired without offering resistence, and the army went through the pass and on to Santa Fe, which they occupied unopposed on August 18, 1846.

General Kearney at once proceeded to organize a provisional government for the Mexican state, the capital of which he held. To Colonel Doniphan and to Willard P. Hall was assigned the duty of constructing and formulating laws for the newly acquired territory. They were given quarters in the ''palace," as the residence of the governor of New Mexico has always been called, and went to work, each with four clerks and interpreters, in the room in which General Lew Wallace wrote "Ben Hur" a third of a century afterward. The result of their labors is known as the "Kearney code," which forms an important constituent of the territorial laws of New Mexico to-day.

It was while thus engaged that Willard P. Hall was notified by Colonel Doniphan, who had received dispatches, that he had been elected to congress over Judge Birch of Plattsburg.

On September 26, General Kearney started with his column of regulars for California, leaving Colonel Doniphan in command of Santa Fe. On September 28 General Sterling Price arrived in Santa Fe, followed by a force of 1,700 volunteers from Missouri. Colonel Doniphan, who, at his own request, had been ordered to join General Wool in Chihuahua, was preparing to move south, when an order reached him, sent back by General Kearney, to make a campaign against the Navajo Indians, who had been attacking Mexican villages on the Rio Grande. Turning his authority as governor of New Mexico over to General Price, Colonel Doniphan at once proceeded to -execute General Kearney's order.

The Navajos were at that time a powerful tribe, numbering some 17,000, and inhabited what is now northeastern Arizona. They had long been the terror and scourge of the civilized inhabitants of New Mexico. Colonel Doniphan divided his forces, dispatching Major Gilpin with 200 men northwest into the San Juan country, while he himself, with the remainder of his regiment marched to Albuquerque and thence west up the River Puerco to its headwaters. The Navajos were encompassed and surrounded by this movement and made a treaty in which they bound themselves to cease their depredations and become friends of the United States.

On December 14, 1846, Colonel Doniphan commenced his march to Chihuahua. His route lay through a barren desert of ninety miles, known as the Jornata del Muerto (Journey of the Dead). No water is to be found the entire distance. Over this plain Colonel Doniphan successfully marched his troops in detachments, each requiring about thirty hours in the passage, and occupied the town of Dona Ana without resistance.

Leaving half his regiment here to guard the river crossing, Colonel Doniphan pushed south, and at Brazito met a Mexican force from Chihuahua that had advanced to oppose him. A sharp skirmish followed in which the Mexicans were routed and followed to El Paso, vvh'ch was captured with its military supplies.

In the enemy's baggage here taken were found dispatches imparting the information that General Wool, instead of proceeding west to Chihuahua, had gone south to join General Taylor at Monterey. Colonel Doniphan was therefore confronted with the alternative of returning to Santa Fe or marching 1,200 miles through a hostile country to Monterey to effect a junction with Wool. He decided to go on and sent back for artillery. In response he was joined by a Missouri battalion of artillery and by the Laclede rangers of St. Louis, increasing his force to about 1,000 men with six pieces of artillery.

Before him lay the city of Chihuahua, rich, populous and protected by a strong garrison. Colonel Doniphan marched south without serious opposition to the pass of Sacramento, sixteen miles north of the city of Chihuahua, which the Mexicans had fortified and where they were then awaiting his coming with 4,200 men, cavalry and

The following incident is related by the venerable Francis Carrol Hughes, now of Agency Township, who was Colonel Doniphan's quartermaster sergeant. Doniphan had not slept during the night before the battle of the pass and was seated in front of his tent early m the morning of February 28, 1847. The men had not slept much either and were seated about the camp fires talking. When Sergeant Hughes approached his commander, Colonel Doniphan requested h'm to go about among the men and ascertain what they were talking about. Doniphan had serious doubts of the result of the impending engagement ; in fact he expected the worst, for the odds were overwhelmingly against him.

Doniphan's face lit up at this, and slapping his hands upon his knees, he jumped up and exclaimed prophetically, "By heaven, sergeant, we are going to win !"

Thus inspired, Colonel Doniphan gave the order to advance assoon as possible. He crossed the ravine, above mentioned, under fire, with his mounted troops, and on the other side was met by the Mexican cavalry, which was repulsed. Then he ordered a counter charge, which was successfully made, and drove the Mexicans from the field. He captured eleven pieces of artillery, forty prisoners and the enemy's baggage, and entered the city of Chihuahua in triumph. The Mexican loss was 300 killed and wounded, while Doniphan's loss was one killed and eight wounded.

Reports were sent to Generals Taylor and Wood and the march to join the former at Monterey began. This expedition, in a hostile country, far from any base of supplies, had to rely wholly upon its own resources for existence, exposed equally to the attacks of the Mexicans, whose country they were invading, and of the predatory bands of Indians which roamed over Northern Mexico. Over arid plains, through mountain passes, in which Mexican guerillas lay in ambush, and through fertile valleys as well, the expedition continued its triumphal march, defeating and dispersing all who opposed it, until on the first of May, 1847, it moved into Saltillo with banners flying, and joined Taylor.

ments. There were reports of a change of commanders in Mexico and all operations were at a standstill. Colonel Doniphan's troops remained with Taylor about one month, when, their terms of enlistment having expired, and there being no prospect of active operations at an early date, he marched his command to Brazos de Santiago and embarked for New Orleans, where the men were mustered out.

From the beginning to the end of the campaign the forces under Colonel Doniphan had lived wholly upon their own resources. Until they reached New Orleans they had not seen a paymaster, quartermaster or commissary, save as these posts were discharged by the regimental officers. As may be imagined, the men after such a campaign were a motley crowd as to raiment. They were in rags, except so far as they had supplemented their original uniforms with articles of Mexican costume acquired on the march.

From New Orleans to their homes in Missouri the progress of Colonel Doniphan's command was a continuous ovation. The expedition indeed had been a wonderful one. In thirteen months the command had marched, mainly in a hostile country, 3,600 miles by land and traveled 2,500 miles by water. On his arrival in Missouri Colonel Doniphan received the well-earned brevet of brigadier-general.

Willard Hall did not participate in the campaign beyond Santa Fe. The late Charles A. Perry, whose name is prominently identified with the history of St. Joseph, was the sutler of Colonel Doniphan's regiment, but did not got beyond Santa Fe. Carroll Hughes, Colonel Doniphan's quartermaster-sergeant, is still alive at an advanced age and with unimpaired faculties, being a resident of Agency Township Andrew Tracy, who is still a resident of St. Joseph and in business as a cabinet maker, was with Doniphan through the entire campaign. Aside from General Hall there were only two others from Buchanan County with Doniphan. These were Joel Ryan, who died in Doniphan County, and Vernell Thompson, who afterwards went to California. Hughes went from Clinton County and Perry and Tracy from Platte. Rvan and Vernell enlisted under Sterling Price and were transferred to Doniphan at Santa Fe.

Buchanan County also sent a contingent to join General Sterling Price, whose expedition to New Mexico followed that of General Kearney and relieved Colonel Doniphan at Santa Fe, as related above. Many also went as teamsters. Among those now residing in St. Joseph who went under Price is Samuel D. Gann, who enlisted from Platte County, however. The late Isaac N. Brooks and his brothers Bride and Virgil were with Price, too, as were also Dr. Gray and his son, of the lower part of the county.

In the spring of 1847 Governor Edwards called for a battalion of five companies for service on the Indian frontier, and the routes to Santa Fe and Oregon, to protect traders and emigrants. Lieut. - Col. L. E. Powell, of St. Charles, organized the battalion, among the companies being one formed at St. Joseph. Our company was officered by Robert M. Stewart, captain ; Henry Smith, first lieutenant: Howell Thomas, second lieutenant; John Searcy, third lieutenant. The battalion was formed at Fort Leavenworth. Beside Colonel Powell there were the following officers: Dr. S. Todd, St. Joseph, adjutant; James McDowell, St. Joseph, sergeant-major; quartermaster, Capt. Stewart Van Vliet; commissary of subsistence, Frank Warmcastle, Atchison County. The late Gen. James Craig commanded a company raised in Holt County. Captain Stewart was stricken with rheumatism at Fort Leavenworth and returned home. After faithfully performing the mission upon which it was sent, doing business over a vast region of country between the Missouri River and the Rocky Mountains, the battalion returned home and the men were mustered out late in the fall of 1848.

After the war with Mexico interest in military matters lagged. In 1853, the Robidoux Grays existed, under command of Capt. Bela M. Hughes. In i860 the Fourth Military District, in which St. Joseph was located, was commanded by Col. M. Jeff Thompson, and the First battalion, consisting of three companies, under Major F. W. Smith, was organized in St. Joseph. Company A, Jackson Guards, was commanded by Capt. Reuben Kay. Company B, Emmett Guards, was commanded by Capt. T. J. Raffterv. Company C, German Rifles, was commanded by Capt. George Landry.

The Civil War period was in some respects the most momentous in the history of the community. Buchanan County was settled largely by people who had come from the Southern States and the fact that over 2,000 slaves, valued at $1,500,000, were owned here will readily explain why there was a strong feeling against abolition on the part of a considerable portion of the community. In the election of i860, Bell and Everett, the Presidential candidates representing the remnants of the old Whig and Know-Nothing parties, under the name of Constitution-Lhiion party, received 1,287 votes; Stephen A. Douglas, representing that wing of the Democratic party which opposed secession and the interference of the National government with the local affairs and institutions of any State, received 1,226 votes; John C. Breckinridge, representing that wing of the Democratic party known as strict State's Rights men, received 614 votes; Abraham Lincoln, the Republican candidate, received 452 votes, of which number 410 were cast in the city of St. Joseph.

On February 18, 1861, an election was held to chose three delegates to the convention which was to decide the course of Missouri upon the question of secession or loyalty. Ex-Gov. Robert M. Stewart, Willard P. Hall and Robert W. Donnell were elected. The first two were strong, outspoken Union men, while the latter sympathized with the South. Public sentiment was fairly reflected in the vote for these delegates.

Prominent among the local followers of Governor Jackson, who had declared that the destiny of all slave-holding states was alike, were M. Jeff Thompson, Alonzo W. Slayback, J. H. R. Cundiff, then the editor of the Gazette, and others. A delegation from St. Joseph assisted in the sacking of Liberty arsenal and a portion of the arms and military equipments there taken were brought here and secreted in cellars. The Emmett Guards and the Jackson Guards were disbanded, there being strong division of sentiment. Capt. John C. C. Thornton and Capt. Reuben Kay then formed companies of Jackson sympathizers and went into camp near the Patee house.

Excitement now ran high in St. Joseph and there was great uneasiness, as threats had been uttered against the loyalists, those who had voted for Lincoln being especially unpopular with the Southern sympathizers. At this time an incident occurred which hastened the impending crisis. John L. Bittinger, a prominent Republican, who had been appointed postmaster by President Lincoln, raised the United States flag over the postoffice, which was then located in a tntilding on the east side of Second street, just north of Francis. This incensed the Southern sympathizers and was construed by the military companies as a direct affront to them. One morning in May, 1861, several days after the flag had been raised, a mob collected at Market Square and an angry discussion of the affair took place. Colonel Thompson, who was then engaged in the real estate business with Thomas Harbine, opposite the postoffice, went down and addressed the mob, denouncing the postmaster's course, but counseling moderation. Then, as if seized by a sudden impulse, he did the exact opposite. Proceeding to the rear of the postoffice building, he ascended the roof by a shed, and when his associates saw him again he had torn the flag from its pole and was waving it to the mob at Market Square and excitedly blowing a tin horn. The mob charged up Second street and swarmed upon the roof to join Colonel Thompson. The flag was torn to shreds, the pole was broken off and carried in triumphant procession by the mob to the river, where it was demolished and cast into the water. No resistance was offered to this piece of violence and the frenzied rabble had clear field.

A contingent, headed by Alonzo W. Slayback, proceeded to Turner Hall, where the United States colors were also displayed. Several members of the Turnverein, guarded by Robert Bradshaw, saved the flag here by taking it down in the face of danger. Rebel flags were raised in various parts of the city.

As a result of this outburst a company of United States dragoons, under command of Captain Sully, was sent here to protect loyal citizens. The dragoons broke up the camp near the Patee house and the State troops scattered.

Colonel Thompson joined the Confederacy and rose to the rank of brigadier-general. He was known as the "Swamp Fox," and his career in the great struggle is now a part of the nation's history.

Capt. John C. Landis had secretly formed a company for the South. In July, of 1861, he had the Liberty arsenal arms and ammunition secretly loaded into wagons, covered with hay, and taken through the Federal camp in the daytime to avert suspicion. Outside of the city Captain Landis' company received them and carried them successfully to Price's army, then encamped near Springfield.

This was the only company that went to the South from St. Joseph. The others who fought on that side went singly or in small, unorganized squads. Among these was A. W. Slayback, mentioned above, who, after the battle of Lexington, was elected colonel of a cavalry regiment and served under Kirby Smith. He was killed some years ago by John A. Cockerill, then the editor of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Captain Landis fought at Corinth, Champion Hills and Vicksburg, where he surrendered and was exchanged. Subsequently he commanded a battery and surrendered at the close of the war with the Army of the Gulf.

Elijah Gates went out as a private in a company formed at Easton and joined Governor Jackson in the summer of 1861. He served with distinction at Lexington and Elkhorn, also at Corinth, was promoted step by step for bravery and retired only after the guns had been silenced. He came out a brigadier-general, but left an arm upon the battlefield.

A regiment to join Price at Lexington was organized from Buchanan, Andrew, Nodaway and Atchison counties, in August, of 1861. John Saunders was colonel, J. H. R. Cundiff lieutenant-col- onel, and J. C. C. Thornton major. These troops fought heroically under Colonel Green at Lexington. Thornton's men rolled a bale of hemp before them as they ascended the hill to attack the Union breastworks. The bullets did not penetrate the hemp bales and the cannon balls only bounced from them to the ground. Thus they reached and took the entrenchments.

It is estimated that between 1,600 and 2,000 men "went South" from Buchanan County during the war. As there are no records to refer to it is impossible to give details of their achievements in the field. Reuben Kay of St. Joseph was in command of a company in the Confederate service, as was also Thomas R. Penick, a brother of Col. William R. Penick, who was an extreme Union man. The late John S. Tutt, county assessor, lost a leg at the battle of Corinth. John Kemper, son of Simeon Kemper, also a captain, was killed in battle, as was also George Baxter, an attorney, who went from St. Joseph and joined Sotnewall Jackson. John R. Boyd, another attorney of St. Joseph, was killed at Independence. Sidney Cunningham, who had taught in the public schools of St. Joseph, joined John Morgan, was with that leader throughout his career and escaped capture by swimming the Ohio River. Ephraim Kelly of the county commanded a battery under General Price and also distinguished himself. It will be impossible to state more in this brief work concerning the sons of Buchanan County who fought and suffered and gave their lives for the cause that was lost. But there is no doubt about the valor and the heroism of these men, nor of the loyalty and patriotism of those who live to see the nation reunited and prosperous.

Matters grew worse instead of better in St. Joseph after the arrival of the dragoons. These were supplanted by the Second Iowa Infantry under Colonel Curtis. This regiment remained from June until August, 1861. In September, the Sixteenth Illinois, under Colonel Smith, was here for a short time. This regiment and the Fiftysecond Illinois returned and spent the winter of 1861-62 in camp on Prospect Hill. Some of the breastworks erected there are still in existence.

Early in September of 1861, St. Joseph was visited by a Confederate regiment, under Boyd and Patton. These troops were on their way South from the upper counties and remained in the city several days, levying tribute and helping themselves to whatever they fancied. There was a reign of terror during their stay, beside which the ordinary run of local dissension was mild and welcome.

came Major Cranor and a battalion of raw militiamen from the Grand River country. These remained only a short time and created much amusement by their grotesque awkwardness. They soon learned how to fight, however.

In the spring of 1862 Benjamin F. Loan of St. Joseph was appointed brigadier-general and placed in command of Northwestern Missouri with headquarters at St. Joseph. In the fall of that year he was put into active service in an effort to run the "bushwhackers'' from the central part of the State, and finally took command of the Jefferson City district, where he remained until after he was elected to Congress. On his staff were the following from Buchanan County: John Severance, major and aide-de-camp; Joseph Penny, major and quartermaster; James M. Wilson, major and aide-de-camp; Nicholas J. Schlupp, lieutenant and aide; Dr. R. P. Richardson, brigade surgeon.

General Loan was succeeded by Brigadier-General Willard P. Hall in the fall of 1862, as commander of the Seventh Military District, which embraced Buchanan and Platte counties. He remained until February, 1864, when, as lieutenant-governor, he succeeded Governor Gamble, who had died. On General Hall's staff were : Silas Woodson, colonel and inspector-general ; Jonathan M. Bassett, colonel and inspector; Allen P. Richardson, colonel and aide-decamp ; Mordecai Oliver, colonel and aide-de-camp ; Thomas J. Chew, Jr., major and quartermaster; Dr. William Bertram, major and brigade surgeon; John L. Bittinger, major and aide-de-camp; James Hunter, major and aide-de-camp; Peter W. Fredericks, lieutenant and inspector.

Col. John F. Williams of the Ninth Cavalry was in charge of the district after General Hall. In the spring of 1864 Gen. Clinton B. Fisk was in command of the forces in this county and remained until he was succeeded bv Col. Chester Harding, in the fall.

Col. John Pinger was in command in the spring of 1865, and when the year closed \\ illiam R. Penick was in command of the Missouri militia in this section as brigadier-general.

Among other citizens of St. Joseph and the county who held general staff positions are the following: John F. Tyler, colonel and aide-de-camp to General Schofield ; James Rainsford, major and assistant aide-de-camp on the staff of General Guitar; William Kemper, major and quartermaster on the staff of General Guitar. George H. Hall, brother to Governor Hall and afterwards mayor of St. Joseph, also rose to the rank of brigadier-general, as did also Colonel Chester Harding and Robert Bradshaw.

Major William M. Albin was provost marshal under General Loan, Jonathan M. Bassett and Silas Woodson under Generals Willard P. Hall and Guitar. General Bassett was also under General Fisk, and was followed by Captain Hardin, Captain Walser and Armstrong Beattie.

St. Joseph was a prominent base of military operations during the Civil War and a number of regiments were organized here. In June, of 1861, the Thirteenth Regiment, Missouri Volunteers, was formed, of home guard battalions, under Major Everett Peabody, Major Robert T. Van Horn and Major Berry. The regiment was employed in guarding a portion of the Hannibal & St. Joseph railroad and upon garrison duty, until ordered to Lexington, in September. Colonel Mulligan, who commanded at Lexington, surrendered to Sterling Price on September 16, 1861, who paroled the officers of the Thirteenth and released the men upon their oaths. Exchanges were subsequently effected and the regiment was reorganized as the Twenty-fifth Regiment, Infantry, Missouri Volunteers, with Everett Peabody as colonel, R. T. Van Horn as lieutenant-colonel, James E. Powell and Fred C. Nichols as majors, and Dr. J. T. Berghoff as surgeon. There were ten companies and the aggregate strength of the regiment was about 600. Among those from St. Joseph who held commissions were Capt. Joseph Schmitz, Capt. B. F. Buzard, Capt. Robert C. Bradshaw, Capt. Joseph Thompson, Lieut. Litt R. Lancaster and Lieut. Augustus Salzman. In 1862 the regiment was sent to General Grant at Pittsburg Landing and was brigaded in McKean's brigade, Prentiss' division. It participated in the battle of Shiloh, losing very heavily in killed and wounded, among the former Colonel Peabody and Major Powell. Chester Harding, Jr., was appointed colonel. In the advance upon Corinth the regiment was constantly on picket duty or engaged in the construction of earthworks. During the summer of 1862 the regiment constructed a chain of forts south and west of Corinth. It was ordered to Missouri in 1862, for the purpose of recruiting, but on its arrival at St. Louis was sent to Pilot Knob, Mo. Subsequently it was assigned to General Patterson and became a part of the Army of Southeast Missouri. Upon returning to Iron Mountain in 1863, it was ordered to St. Joseph and actively employed in clearing the district of Northwest Missouri from bushwhackers until June, when it was sent to New Madrid, where it reconstructed the fortifications and constituted the garrison of the post. In November, of 1863, it was consolidated with the Engineer Regiment of the West.

Under Governor Gamble s call for 42,000 volunteers for six months' service, August 24, 1 86 r , William M. Albin directed the formation of three companies of infantry at St. Joseph. These were mustered into service on September 19, 1861, as the First Battalion, under Major Albin, and assigned to guard duty and scouting in Gentry, Worth, Andrew, Buchanan and De Kalb counties; also attached to General Prentiss' river expedition. The battalion was never in any general engagement, but had many Skirmishes with the enemy, killing a number and taking over 200 prisoners. The officers were: William M. Albin, major; John M. Sullivan, adjutant; Thomas Evans, commissary. Company A had forty-eight men. James Stockton was captain, Philip Huggins first lieutenant and Alex R. Stockton second lieutenant. Company 1> had fifty-four men, under Capt. Horace Hunter, with Jackson Dye and Isaac Phillips as lieutenants. Company C had forty-three men. under Capt. Henry B. Rust, with Edwin N. Storms and John Ray as lieutenants.

Joseph's battalion of six months' militia was also organized in St. Joseph in September of 1861. It was commonly known as the "Third" and was also engaged in scout duty. It was mustered out February n, 1862. Peter A. Joseph was major, R. B. Linville adjutant, George W. H. Landon surgeon, Willis M. Sherwood quartermaster and Samuel Rosenblatt commissary. There were four companies. Capt. John Pinger commanded Company A, sixty-four men. with John Watson and Henry Kelling as lieutenants. Company B, Capt. William Drumhiller and Lieuts. Elezier S. Castle and Aaron Widdle, had eighty-four men. Company C, sixty-four men, was under Alex McLarer and Frederick Downey. Company D, fifty-four men, was under Capt. D. PI. David and Lieuts. Christian Cook and Thurston Chase.

The Fourth Cavalry, Missouri State Militia, was organized in St. Joseph, April 28, 1862, with eight companies, and two companies were afterwards added. George H. Hall commanded as colonel, William M. Albin as lieutenant-colonel, George W. Kelly as senior major, Douglas Dale as junior major and Lieuts. Joseph K. Robinson and David Bonham, Jr., as battalion adjutants. In 1863 Lieutenant-Colonel Albin was succeeded by Lieut. -Col. Walter King. The regiment did service in Southwest Missouri and was attached to General Brown's brigade, taking part in the battles of Springfield,

The Fifth Cavalry Regiment, Missouri State Militia, was also organized in April of 1862. There were ten companies. The regimental organization was as follows : William R. Penick, colonel; Phillip X. Thompson, lieutenant-colonel ; William Drumhiller and Thos. B. Baggers, majors; Lyman W. Densmore, adjutant; Josiah C. Spring commissary; Joel H. Warren, Henry Douglass and Henry Frasse,\surgeons ; Joseph H. Hopkins, chaplain. 'The companies were officered, during the life of the regiment, as follows : A, William Drumhilkr, captain, promoted to major ; John G. Woods and David E. Shannon, captains, successively; Morgan Jerman, Charles W. Leach, William Castle and Washington Bennett, lieutenants. B, Daniel H. David, captain ; Benjamin T. Henry and William H. Bixby, lieutenants. C, Joseph H. Richards, captain ; Don Alfonso Colvin and John W. Enoch, lieutenants. D, George W. Fitzpatrick and John S. Minick, captains; Henry S. Hill and George W. Fairbrother, lieutenants. E, George Wakerle, captain; Nicholas Schlupp and Herman Springer, lieutenants. F, John B. Van Zant, captain ; Edward N. Roberts and Theron W. Crandall, lieutenants. G, Robert G. Hubbard, captain; William F. Miller, Henry Ogle, Joseph Penney and John B. Magers, lieutenants. H, John Pinger, captain; Peter Lanenger and George Weber, lieutenants. I, William McCarthy and Luther Tillotson, captains ; John W. Coughlin, Peter Simpson, Thomas Wilson, lieutenants. K, J. D. M. Thompson, captain; Frederick Donv, George D. Tolle, L. Densmore and William Fowler, lieutenants. Lieutenant Densmore was made adjutant and Lieutenant Fowler quartermaster. This regiment was employed in fighting the bushwhackers and guerrillas in Northwest Missouri. In July of 1862 the regiment was ordered broken up and the companies attached to the First and Ninth Cavalry regiment of the Missouri State Militia.

In 1862 Buchanan and Platte counties formed the Seventh Military District of Missouri, and three independent companies were organized for duty at home. One of these, commanded by Capt. William Randall, with Benjamin F. Larkin and Jonas D. Butts as lieutenants, was organized August 9, 1862. Another, commanded by Capt. G. E. Landry, with Henry Harding and William Backer as lieutenants, was organized August 21, 1862. These were afterwards merged into the militia. A third company organized among railroad employes for the protection of railroad property was officered by

The Twenty-fifth Regiment of Enrolled Missouri Militia was o> ganized in St. Joseph, in July, of 1862, with John Severance as colonel, Thomas Harbinue as lieutenant-colonel, Peter Walter .md John T. Ross as majors, Gustave H. Koch as adjutant, C. W. Davenport as quartermaster, Alfred PI. Starr as surgeon and Rev. i. H. Wright as chaplain. Colonel Severance resigned April 22, 1863, and was succeeded by Col. John Scott, who was transferred to the Eightyfirst Regiment shortly afterwards, and was succeeded by Col. Thomas Harbine. James Hunter commanded Company A, with Thomas Young and Ed Freeman as lieutenants. John R. Snyder commanded Company B, with James S. Barnes and E. E. Cramer as lieutenants. James Brierly commanded C, with Peter Davis and V/illiam Simmons as lieutenants. Louis Hax commanded D, with John Kieffer and Fred Riesenmy as lieutenants. Charles Mast commanded E, with Charles F. Ernst and Phillip Arnholdt as lieutenants. Jonathan M. Bassett commanded F, with John A. Dolman and G. W. Davenport as lieutenants. He was succeeded by Captain Dolman, with Robert S. Gunn and Henry T. Gore as lieutenants. G was commanded by Capt. George Lyon, with William C. Toole and R. J. S. Wise as lieutenants. H was commanded by William Loving, with Joseph S. Browne, J. T. Ross and Anthony Yolls as lieutenants. I was commanded by Ephraim Perry, with Peter A. Jones and Hamilton Wilson as lieutenants. K was commanded by James H. Davis, with Francis M. Hall, William S. Tyler and H. B. Goss as lieutenants. There were also three battalion companies, one under Capt. O. G. McDonald, another under Capt. Elias Parrott and a third under Capt. G. M. Brown. 'This regiment was stationed in Buchanan Count)'. In consequence of an extraordinary reduction in numbers, the regiment was disbanded November 1, 1863, and the commissions of the officers revoked, with the exception of those in charge of companies F and K. Colonel Scott was instructed by the same order to reorganize the militia of Buchanan County, which had become demoralized. He organized the Eighty-first regiment of Enrolled Missouri Militia, and used companies F and K as the nucleus. This regiment formed a component part of what was called the "Paw-Paw Brigade."

\to politics. In addition to local troubles of that sort, great excitement prevailed in Kansas on account of the Lawrence massacre, and ay invasion of Missouri was threatened by Jim Lane and Jennison's "Bed-Legs." The militia service hereabouts was in a very demoralized condition, and the protection of life and property was a serious problem . Lends that had been engendered between the border residents of Kansas and Missouri in 1854-57, were reopened or made pretexts by marauders and freebooters. A number of citizens of the county had returned from Price's army and were, of course, classed as disloyal. They were, however, fully as anxious to protect life and property from the marauders as were the loyal men. It was proposed by Gen. Willard P. Hall that all of these be organized into militia companies, and President Lincoln, who sanctioned the proposition, saw in it the possibility of keeping many from re-enlistment in the Confederate service. A knowledge of the conditions that existed at that time can be gathered from the testimony of Col. John L. Williams, who was in command of the district, with headquarters at St. Joseph, before a committee appointed by the legislature to investigate the militia. Colonel Williams testified as follows :

"When I took command (in July of 1863) I found portions of the district in a lawless condition ; mobs and riots were common in a number of counties in my district ; I found also that a number of the troops then in service in the district were disobedient, and rather mutinous ; were under no discipline or control. I urged upon the officers to subject their men to the observance of the rules and articles of war; some succeeded, others failed. The condition of the troops was improving until Quantrell made his rail on Lawrence; that created great excitement in the country, both among the troops and citizens ; numbers of them openly declared they would not resist an invasion by General Lane, or anybody else, made in retaliation from Kansas.

"Both before and after the Lawrence raid, raids from Leavenworth city and other portions of the Kansas border were daily and nightly made into Missouri, the troops stationed at Weston failing or refusing to prevent them. Those raids were made by armed negroes, assisted by white outlaws, called 'Red-Legs;' they were not in the military service, with the exception, perhaps, of some negroes. Just after Lane's speech at Leavenworth city, immediately after the Lawrence massacre, an expedition was gotten up at Leavenworth city, of some magnitude, to invade Platte County, composed of 'Red-Legs/ outlaws, runaway negroes, etc. They took the ferryboat to start across. General Ewing telegraphed to the commander of the post at Lort Leavenworth to take the boat and prevent the raid, which he did.

"When I took command in St. Joseph and the district there, there were refugees in the city from several counties in the district, having been ordered to leave the State by a band calling themselves 'MicL night Rangers.' Their mode of operations was about this : They would leave a written notice, three or four matches enclosed in it, at a party's house, notifying him that if he did not leave in five da^s, with his whole family, he would be hanged and his house burned. Then some other members of the gang, who were on friendly terms with the victim, would call and condole with him, and advise him to stay. But the victim had already made up his mind to go, which they knew, and they would take advantage of his fear and buy his property at nominal figures. Thus a system of wholesale robbery was carried on. The reorganization of the militia, or the arming of the Paw- Paws, has entirely stopped this species of lawlessness.

"When 1 first took command at St. Joseph countrymen who came in to trade were pulled off their horses, sometimes by soldiers and sometimes by citizens, and threatened with death if they ever came back. An old man from the country was knocked down by a soldier. The fact was reported to me and I had the soldier placed under arrest. The next (lav the old man came to me and begged that I do not compel him to testify against the soldier before the provost marshal, as he was afraid of being killed by the companions of the soldier. There were hundreds of such instances. * * * Most of the troops in the district are now concentrated on the border along the river to prevent raids into Missouri from the thieves and outlaws of Kansas, assisted by their friends in Missouri. * * * I sent a squad of ten men over the river at St. Joseph to recover two mules stolen from a citizen of Buchanan County, having learned that they were secreted in a cornfield just back of Elwood. The squad recovered the mules, but were fired upon by citizens of Kansas on their return to the river. At another time I ordered Major Garth of the Ninth Cavalry with forty-two men across the river to recapture some horses, guns and money that were stolen from Judge Woodson and another citizen of Buchanan County. The military and civil authorities of Kansas drew up their forces - some hundred and fifty strong, composed of negroes and whites together - in line of battle, and resisted the crossing of my men. I then sent the major across with one man ; he had a conference with the commander of the post at Elwood, who promised to recapture the property, but who failed to do so. These raids were frequent."

The Eighty-first Regiment was organized by Col. John Scott and there were many remonstrances to the arming of men who were known or suspected to have been at one time in sympathy with the South. Col. William R. Penick, who was an intense and unconipromising 'Unionist, in his statement to the legislative committee, said of a portion of the Paw-Paws :

"The two companies I sawT were notoriously disloyal. Thev were in our city last election to guard the polls. I placed myself in a position to look every man in the face as they marched up the street. These were the first Secessionists I ever saw carrying arms under the authority of the government, and I gave them a close in- spection. I am almost confident that there was not a loyal man in either company. I saw men who had belonged to Price's army - some were there in the rebel ranks at Lexington and Blue Mills who never joined the army. Some who have assisted in raising rebel flags. Some who had often cheered for Jeff Davis. Some who had acted as recruiting officers for Price's army, but who were too old to go themselves. Nearly all of them are notoriously disloyal and are enrolled as sympathizers on the provost marshal's book."

This, of course, was an extreme view, particularly so in the light of what the late Judge Henry M. Vories said to the committee, among other things being the following :

"Those called Paw-Paws, in my part of the State, have behaved themselves very well ; in fact, exceedingly well - as far as I either know or have been informed, and the county has been more quiet and seemed to be more secure since about the time of their organization. But I do not attribute this change for the better so much to the change of the militia organization as to the fact that an election took place about the same time as their organization. My judgment is that a great deal of the trouble we had in our county last summer was caused by the excitement produced by politicians who were running for office, who were haranguing the soldiers and others, by which they were kept in a constant state of excitement, and that of these excitements quarrels arose, and that persons were embittered against each other so as to induce them to commit lawless acts. I think that after the election these acts of violence would, in a great measure, have ceased without any change of the militia. Yet I think that the late militia called the Paw-Paws have exerted themselves to keep the peace of the county. I think they have been anxious to make a good character, knowing that they were charged with disloyalty ; at least, they have done well, and we have during this winter had more peace and quiet than we have had since the rebellion."

It is not the purpose of this history to sit in judgment upon the merits or demerits of the militia system, but as there is little known of the "Paw-Paws" it is thought proper to present the matter as gathered from official sources. The organization of the Eighty-first was as follows: John Scott, colonel; Charles West, adjutant. Company

B. Cox, captain; Cornelius Day, first lieutenant; Robert B. Thomas, second lieutenant; D, Milton M. Clagget, captain; Jacob T. Child, first lieutenant ; Thomas C. Roberts, second lieutenant. E, Harrison W. Davis, captain; James Dye, first lieutenant; Joseph H. Dicken. second lieutenant. F, John A. Dolman, captain; Robert S. Gunn, first lieutenant; Henry T. Gore, second lieutenant. G, Anthony Grable, captain; Daniel A. Meadows, first lieutenant; John T. Ferrill, second lieutenant. H, John W. Smith, captain; William A. Cornelius, first lieutenant ; Thomas L. Blakely, second lieutenant. I, Miller Woodson, captain ; Urial Griffen, first lieutenant; Jacob Schultz, second lieutenant. I\, James H. Davis, captain; Wililam S. Tyler, first lieutenant ; H. B. Goss, second lieutenant. L, James Noland, captain ; B. F. Catlett, first lieutenant ; D. C. Hart, second lieutenant. M, Milton R. Singleton, captain; John L. Stanton, first lieutenant; Isaac Hays, second lieutenant.

The Forty-third Infantry, Missouri Volunteers, was organized in St. Joseph in June of 1864, with Chester Harding as colonel, John Pinger as lieutenant-colonel, B. K. Davis as major, Joseph Thomp- / son as adjutant, Francis Rodman as quartermaster and J. Q. Eggleston and E. W. Dill as surgeons. The regiment was on duty in this State during its term of service. Six companies participated in the battle of Glasgow, October 15, 1864. In the spring of 1865 the whole regiment was assigned to the district of Central Missouri and was actively engaged keeping down bushwhackers, so long as its services were needed. The regiment was mustered out June 30, 1865, at Benton Barracks. The companies were organized as follows : A, Captain, Andrew Dusold; lieutenants, Augustus Saltzman and Horace Sayre. B, captain, John B. Edwards; lieutenants, Henderson Edwards and John P. Herren. C, George M. Brown, captain; A. M. Chesmore and A. J. Culberson, lieutenants. D, Henry W. Ogle, captain ; Walter C. Gantt, Richard Buis and Charles S. Pickett, lieutenants. E, Simeon Sutton, captain ; William Caneday and Daniel Bovce, lieutenants. F, William F. Flint, captain; John \Y. Johnson and Thomas Flint, lieutenants. G, Oscar Kirkham, captain ; Ebenezer Wickham and Griffith Davidson, lieutenants. H, Marcus Morton, captain ; W. J. Porter and Elijah Brunck, lieutenants. I, George Walser, first captain ; Robert B. Stockton, second captain ; John S. Morgan and Austin F. Tiffany, lieutenants. K, Perry A. Wright, captain ; Andrew J. Wray and Martin V. Baker, lieutenants.

In July, of 1864, the Eighty-seventh Regiment of Enrolled Missouri Militia was organized in St. Joseph. This was a home guard regiment and was mustered out in March of 1865. Thomas Harbine had been elected colonel, but declined. Robert C. Bradshaw was then elected and served until October. James W. Strong was promoted from lieutenant-colonel and O. G. McDonald was made lieutenant-colonel. The following were staff officers during the life of the regiment : William Drumhiller and Robert F. Maxwell, majors ;

Joseph Thompson and W. W. Bernard, adjutants; Joseph Schmitz and John B. Harder, quartermasters; Dr. John T. Berghoff, surgeon. Company A was Captain Kellogg's railroad guards, reorganized under Capt. Joseph Truex. Company B had been Captain Landry's detached company, now under Capt. John A. Dolman, and when Captain Dolman was commissioned as aide-de-camp to General Hall he was succeeded by Robert S. Gunn, who had been first lieutenant. Other lieutenants were H. R. W. Hartwig, Henry T. Gore and H. H. Goodheart. C was captained at first by Hamilton S. Wilson, who was killed by bushwhackers and succeeded by Irvin Fish. These were lieutenants at various times : Francis Goodby, Irvin Fish, Amos K. Jones and Oscar Kirkham. D was captained by James C. Karnes, with Washington Bennett, E. Shootner and John S. Smith as lieutenants. E was led by Capt. John Snyder, with Joseph Mathew and Thomas D. Ridge as lieutenants. F was under Capt. Louis Hax, with John Kieffer, Christian Mast, Ulrich Schneider and Louis Fuelling as lieutenants at various times. G was first captained by James W. Strong, then by Robert Maxwell, both of whom were sent to the head of the regiment, and last by David Pinger, whose lieutenants were Anson Whitney and Elisha Foote. H was officered by Peter A. Jones, captain, and Henry F. Goss and Wiley H. Chapman as lieutenants. This company was consolidated with C in October, 1864. I was organized by Capt. O. G. McDonald, who was afterwards lieutenant-colonel. The next captain was William H. Lifers, whose lieutenants were Charles C. Vance, George W. Howard and A. J. Culberson. K. was organized by Capt. George M. Brown, who was shortly afterwards transferred to the Forty-third Infantry. He was succeeded by Edward L. Titcomb, whose lieutenant was George Schuckman.

The Forty-fourth Infantry Missouri Volunteers, was recruited in St. Joseph by Col. Robert C. Bradshaw and Lieut.-Col. A. J. Barr, in the month of August, 1864, and shipped on cars to Rolla. In November it arrived at Paducah, Ky., and was placed on active duty, though yet in a very raw condition. In the battle of Franklin Colonel Bradshaw was pierced by seven bullets, but not killed. Lieutenants Dunlap, Warren and Kirgan and thirty-five privates were killed in the first charge of the enemy, but the regiment held its position. The regiment fought continuously for three days and nights from November 29th, and during the last two days lost 300 men and officers. On the 15th of December, 1864, says Lieutenant-Colonel Barr, in his report, "we were ordered to take a position on the right of Charlotte Pike and engaged the enemy, participated in the battle on the 15th,

1 6th and 17th insts., and then followed in the pursuit of Hood's demoralized army. On the 27th we reached Columbia, where we first met the enemy. On the 28th we reached Pulaski, with two-thirds of the command barefooted. In this condition the regiment was compelled to march on the ice and snow to Clifton, sixty miles, where we arrived on the 23d of January, 1865 - men worn out and feet terribly mangled." The regiment also participated in the siege of Spanish Fort, Alabama, and went from there to Vicksburg and thence to St Louis, where it was mustered out on August 15th, 1865, after having traveled 5,703 miles, of which 743 was on foot, and after having been for one-third of its term of service under fire and in the midst of the carnage of battle.

The regiment was organized as follows : Robert C. Bradshaw, colonel; A. J. Barr, lieutenant-colonel; Roger A. De Bolt, major; Wm. Drumhiller, adjutant ; J. M. Hoskinson, c|itartermaster ; Henry Schoenich, Levi A. Wilson and Isaac Schatz, surgeons. Hanson W. Ware succeeded Captain Drumhiller as adjutant.

The various companies were officered as follows during the life of the regiment : "A," John C. Reid, captain ; James A. Trussed, Wm. 1). Schooler, Francis Audsley, lieutenants. "B," Wm. Drumhiller, captain; John McKissock and Miles Bristow, lieutenants. "C." Frank G. Hopkins, captain ; Wm. M. Goodson and Thomas J. Twidell, lieutenants. "D," Wm. B. Rogers, captain; Robert Pixler, Aaron McIntosh and George H. Combs, lieutenants "E." Ephraim Webb, captain; James S. Dunlap and J. C. Webb, lieutenants. "F," Isaac M. Henry, captain : Janies M. Steele, W. C. Halstead, Benjanvn Kirgan, lieutenants. "G," A. L. Bowen, captain ; John Desha and Washington Bennett, lieutenants. "H," Wm. D. Fortune, captain; J. I). McBride, John II. Williams and J. D. Snyder, lieutenants. "T," A. Muck, captain; A. F. Higgins, Dennis Adams and D. W. Mc- Donald, lieutenants. "K," N. A. Winters, captain: James Overman and Samuel Worner, lieutenants.

Under Governor Fletcher three regiments of milita were organized in October of 1865 - the Second, Third and Fourth Regiments of Missouri Militia. Col. Wm. R. Penick commanded the Second regiment. He was appointed brigadier-general and placed in command of this district. Robert Gunn was lieutenant-colonel ; H. R. W. Hartwig, major; Dr. Wm. Bertram, Dr. John S. Logan and Dr. Harvey Bradley, surgeons. W. W. Bernard was captain of Company "A" and Henry Gore of Company "BA David Pinger was captain of Company "C," with A. Y. Whiting and Elisha Foote, Jr., as lieutenants. Company "D" was commanded by Captain Greenfield

H. Davis, who had Isaac Wilkins and Thomas Early for his lieutenants. Company "E" was commanded by Joseph Andriano and Company "F" by Wm. L. Chadwick, with L. L. Landon and George Hildebrand as lieutenants. Company "G" was under Captain Joseph S. Browne, with George Buell and Wm. B. French as lieutenants. Company "H" was under Captain Phillip Arnholdt, with Theodore Kroll and A. Burgmeister as lieutenants. Company "J" was commanded by M. Gordon Ruby, with Wm-. M. Clark and John Stuppy as lieutenants.

The Fourth regiment had but five companies. It was commanded by Major Joseph Thompson. Company "A" was commanded by R. J. S. Wise, with Thos. H. Ritchie and Fred Amerine as lieutenants. Company "B" was commanded by Simeon Bell. Company "C" was under Captain Augustus Salzman, with Theodore b. Gross and Charles Frederick as lieutenants. Company "D" was commanded by Wm. Drumhiller, with D. M. Stillians as lieutenant, and B. F. Larkin was captain of Company "E," with William Arthur as lieutenant.

These regiments did service in enforcing order at the polls during the turbulent political times that followed the war. The test oath was particularly obnoxious, even to many who had been loyal, and politicians were not slow to grasp the advantages it afforded. The oath was as follows :

I do on oath declare that I have not during the present rebellion wilfully taken up arms or levied war against the United States nor against the provisional government of the state of Missouri, nor have wilfully adhered to the enemies of either, domestic or foreign, by Swing them aid and comfort, but have always in good faith opposed the same; and, further, that I will support, protect and defend the constitution of the United States and of the state of Missouri against all enemies and opposers, whether foreign or domestic, any ordinance, order or resolution of any state convention or legislature, or of any order or organization, secret or otherwise, to the contrary notwithstanding, and that I do this with an honest purpose, pledge and determination faithfully to perform the same without any mental reservation or evasion whatsoever, so help me God."

This oath was proscriptive to many, and there was much bitterness. There were those who had been in the service of the South, but who had surrendered and become loyal, those who had honestly sympathized with the lost cause, and those who had taken advantage of General Order No. 24 to escape service in the militia. Under this order any one who declared that he sympathized with the South was exempt from military duty. When it came to voting after the war this declaration was held against them.

The supreme court of the United States set aside that part of the test oath which disfranchised so many men. However, the ruling politicians in Missouri did not give up so easily and the legislature, in 1868, passed a very stringent registration law. The governor was given power to appoint three registrars in each county and a superintendent for each senatorial district. These four officers were authorized to make a list of all the loyal voters in the county. They were forbidden to enroll any person who would not take the oath of loyalty, and besides were given the power to refuse to enroll any others than those they chose. No one was allowed to vote whose name was not enrolled by these registrars. This law, perhaps, disfranchised more voters than the original test oath. It opened anew the sore places that had begun to heal, and there are many instances where men have not forgiven each other yet, politically speaking, for the trespasses committeed under the license of this law. There was more or less turbulence until the constitution was amended in 1870 and these objectionable features eliminated.

Following the dissolution of the Missouri Militia, interest in military matters waned until 1880. Meanwhile, however, there had existed during the Centennial year a company organized by Capt. Aug. Saltzman, called '"Continental Rifles." They were dressed as Continental soldiers, in knee-breeches, etc., and wore wigs. In 1880 two battalions, one commanded by Major Joseph A. Hansen and the other by Major Condon. In 1882 the Fourth regiment, National Guard of Missouri, was organized, with Joseph Hansen as colonel, Joseph A. Corby as lieutenant-colonel, Augustus Saltzman as major, Capt. Charles F. Ernst as adjutant, Capt. John Wilson as quartermaster, Dr. Thos. H. Doyle as surgeon and Dr. J. A. French as assistant surgeon. Company A was commanded by Capt. W m. Osborn, Company B by Capt. John Donovan, Company C by Capt. Dowe, Company D by Capt. Wm. Muehleisen and Company E by Capt. Hazlet. Companies F and G were located at Brookfield. Companies A, B and C were known as "Saxton Rifles and Capt. Muehleisen's company as "Turner Rifles," being made up mostly of members of the Turnverein. These companies were uniformed according to taste, the state providing arms only. After an existence of several years the companies disbanded.

Subsequently there was little interest in militia matters until October, 1890, when Capt. Max Manheim organized the St. Joseph Light Guards. April 2, 1891, the Fourth regimenit was reorganized, with Col. Arbuthnot of Brookfield as commanding officer and Capt. Manheim as lieutenant-colonel. A brigade encampment was held in August of that year at Lake Contrary. Subsequently Capt. Clay C. MacDonald organized Company "K," known as the "Wickham Rifles." The name was afterwards changed to "MacDonald Rifles." Company "F" existed until 1895 under various captains and was disbanded.

Captain Manheim organized Company "C" in December, 1897. When President McKinley called for volunteers to fight .Spain ,in April, 1898, the Fourth regiment, of which Joseph A. Corby was now colonel, responded promptly, and two additional companies were at once formed in St. Joseph - "J," by Capt. Charles F. Keller and "G," by Capt. Jacob S. Casey. These companies left for Jefferson Barracks May 9th and 10th, 1898, and were mustered into the United States volunteer service. From Jefferson Barracks the Fourth regiment went to Falls Church, Va., into Camp Alger; from there into Camp Meade, at Middletown, Pa., and from there to Greenville, S. C., the present quarters. The regiment did not see service during the war. Each company left St. Joseph with eighty-four enlisted men. Under the second call for volunteers the companies were recruited up to their full strength of 106 enlisted men. Captain MacDonald was advanced to major and Lieut. Niel T. Sommer was promoted to the command of Company "K." was organized as follows : Max Manheim, captain ; Frank R. Hinds, first lieutenant ; Atel H. Knutson, second lieutenant. Company "I Charles F. Keller, captain; Wm. H. Cocke, first lieutenant; Victor C. Sommer, second lieutenant. Company "G" : Jacob S. Casey, captain ; John B. McNeeley, first lieutenant ; Mortimer P. Waldron, second lieutenant. Major Hendricks resigned at Camp Alger and Captain Manheim at Greenville.