Linn County, Missouri - Chapter 8, 1912

The Nation's Wars - The Men of 1812 - The Last Reunion in 1871 - Presidential Election of 1860 - Civil Strife - Linn County's Prompt and Loyal Action - Early Organizations and Movements' - Capture of Two Confederate Cannon - Recruiting by Confederates of Linn and Sullivan Counties - Attempts to Capture Them by Federal Forces - Why They Failed - The Missouri Guerrilla - Raid on Linneus - Killing of Judge Jacob Smith - A Woman Spy - Laclede Raided by Bushivackers - Bounty Jumpers - When the Draft Came - Record of Engagements by Linn County Military Organizations - The Spanish-American War - Tlie Soldiers' Monument at Brookfield.

The last reunion of the veterans of the War of 1812 occurred at Macon, Mo., in August, 1871. There were present 28 soldiers from Linn, Monroe, Marion, Boone, Randolph. Audrain, Shelby, Livingston and Macon counties. There was a drum and fife corps composed of the old veterans. Nearly every man present was over 70 years of age. The occasion was somewhat pathetic, as it was realized by all that it was the last meeting of the soldiers of 1812 that would be held in Missouri. A picture was taken of the group. A copy of this picture is now held by a family in Montgomery comity. The Linn county soldiers represented in the photograph are John Burnett, who was born in Kentucky in 1795 ; "W. B. AVoodruff, born in Kentucky in 1788 ; Henry Sipple, born in Virginia in 1791, and Frederick Nestor, born in Virginia in 1799. All of these men were living in Linn county at the time of the last reunion of the soldiers of the war of 1812. Other Linn county citizens who served in that war were as follows :

Jacob G. Bailey, Captain Charles Harney's company. Colonel Eenick's Tenth Eifle Regiment; was in the battle of the Thames, Canada; witnessed the rifle duel between Tecumseh and Colonel Whitley, and was so close that he could see the flash of both of the duelists' weapons, which were fired simultaneously, each shot proving fatal; was also present when Colonel Johnson's horse was shot from under him, and assisted in taking him out from under the animal.

Hasten ShiSlett, Captain Christopher Irvin's company of Kentuekians; served on northern frontier and was at Colonel Dudley's engagement on the River Raisin, Mich.

Joseph C. Moore, sergeant in 0 'Fallon's company of riflemen. Served through the war of 181 2 in Canada and on the frontier. He was granted a patent to N. W. I/4 Section 9, Township 58, Range 20, upon which he resided from 1842 until his death.

At the presidential election in 1860, Linn county gave a majority of its votes for Stephen A. Douglas. All four of the presidential candidates - Douglas, Bell, Breckenridge and Lincoln - received votes in Linn county. Lincoln received quite a vote in Linn county, and in one of the townships he had a plurality. The Linneus Bulletin was a Douglas paper edited by T. E. Brawner. It was the only paper in the county at the time. After the election the Bulletin said that "Lincoln has been fairly elected, and though we do not like it very well, we propose to submit. ' '

The legislature, on January 17, passed a bill calling for a convention, and designating February 18th as the day for electing delegates, and February 28th as the date of the convention. The candidates from the eight senatorial districts, which included Linn county, were Jacob Smith, Alexander M. Woolfolk and William Jackson, who were regarded as "Unconditional Union" candidates. Charles J. Radcliffe, E. F. Canterbury and C. G. Fields were considered as "Conditional Union" candidates.

Events moved rapidly during the first year of the war. Fort Sumter surrendered to Beauregard, April 13 ; President Lincoln issued a call for 75,000 men the 15th. The men were to be from the militia of the several states. Governor Jackson, of Missouri, declared against the call.

Hostilities had begun. The farmers of Linn county began cleaning up their rifles and fowhng pieces. In Linneus quite a quantity of ammunition had been stored.

Major Watson E. Crandall, of Yellow Creek Township, and Robert McCullom, of North Salem Township, began actively organizing a company of volunteers for service under the national government.

Judge Jacob Smith, when not attending to his duties as a member of the state convention, directed his efforts towards preventing the organizing of Confederate companies. He soon became recognized as an intdligent and energetic leader of the Union side.

Westley Halliburton, who had been a Breckinridge elector the previous year, and who was then a state senator from the district, was among the most prominent of those advocating the southern cause.

A company of Home Guards was formed in Yellow Creek Township in May. The guards met at Wyandotte and St. Catharine to drill. It was intended that this company should be formed under the military law passed by the legislature and approved by Governor Jackson, but when the guards obtained a copy of the law a majority of them were not pleased with its requirements and the company was disbanded.

The Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad was an early and important arm in the service of the national government. In May troops were sent over it from Hannibal to St. Joseph and garrisons established at various points along the line. Wlien General Lyon, the intrepid leader who fell at Wilson's Creek, assumed command of the Federal forces at

St. Louis he manifested the greatest interest in the railroad shops at Brookfield, and also was especially concerned about the bridges in Linn county. He instructed the Union organizations to exercise the greatest vigilance in guarding these properties from the threatened attacks of the enemy in the neighborhood. Frederick C. Loring, Wesley E. Love and Watson E. Crandall were commissioned by General Lyon as captains and authorized to raise home companies for the Federal service. The three men mentioned lived along the railroad line in Linn county.

The 16th Illinois Infantry came from Quincy to Linn county in June. They were the first regular Federal troops to arrive. The company disembarked at Brookfield and at Laclede, some of them remaining at each place, while others were sent to guard the bridges at Locust creek, Yellow creek and Parson creek. It was believed that those structures were threatened by the enemy. Reconnoitering parties were also sent out. One of these went to Linneus and took some prisoners. The Third Iowa Infantry arrived not long afterwards and encamped at Brookfield. Colonel Morgan then began the organizing of the 18th Missouri Infantry at Laclede. That was in August. Isaac V. Pratt, of Laclede, was the first lieutenant-colonel of this regiment, which was afterwards commanded by Madison Miller and Charles S. Sheldon, of St. Louis. While the 18th Infantry was being organized Colonel Morgan took his regiment, a section of artillery and two companies of cavalry under Captains Love and Loring, and went on a reconnoitering expedition into Chariton and Carroll counties, starting out October 18th. At the crossing of Big Hurricane creek, in Carroll county, Captain Love's company was in the advance. Suddenly shots rang out from the bushes alongside the road and the cavalrymen began falling from their horses. The attack had been made by Confederates, the force numbering about 60 men under Captain Logan Ballow. Fifteen cavalrymen were badly wounded and sixteen horses killed. Before pursuit could be organized the Confederates had retreated and got out of the danger.

Colonel Jacob T. Tindall, of Grundy county, was commissioned as colonel of the Twenty-third Missouri Infantry in August, and at once set about recruiting. His headquarters were Chillicotlie. Judge Jacob Smith, whose biography appears in the line of Circuit Judges, was commissioned lieutenant-colonel but afterwards resigned and was appointed judge of this circuit to fill the vacancy occasioned by the I'esignation of Judge James Clark.

Thornton T. Easley, of Linneus, was commissioned quartermaster of the regiment at the same time that Tindall received his commission as colonel.

A company of 25 men was organized at Linneus, August 26, for the Twenty-third Missouri with the following officers: Thomas Carter, captain ; T. E. Brawner, first lieutenant ; Rice Morris, orderly-sergeant. These assignments were temporary. Later Rice Morris was chosen captain, and Brawner and Camp became lieutenants. Other Linn county men also joined the Twenty-third in other companies.

The first company organized in Linn county for federal service, also said to be the first company organized in Northern Missouri, was that of Captain Watson E. Crandall's Home Guards, or the United States reserve corps as designated by General Lyon. This company was made up about the middle of June and sworn in at Brookfield on the 22d by Captain F. C. Loring. The company immediately thereafter went into active service.

By the 1st of September there were several hundred federal troops in the county. They were stationed at Brookfield, at Laclede and at the railroad bridges. At Laclede, Colonel Morgan had earthworks thrown up for the protection of his men. These works were known as "Fort Morgan." The work was done chiefly by prisoners and some citizens who were imprisoned. Negroes, who had been slaves, were also required to assist in constructing the fortifications.

There were two pieces of cannon. One of these had been cast at a foundry in Quincy by the order of Captain Love, who paid for it out of his own pocket.

There were no fortifications at Brookfield. The Sixteenth Illinois, a German company from St. Joseph, and Crandall's and Loring 's men had given way to the Third Iowa.

General W. Y. Slack, appointed as a commander of the Missouri State Guard by Governor Jackson for the military district in which Linn county was included, purchased two iron cannon from a foundry in Palmyra for the use of his division. The cannon were started toward General Slack's headquarters at Chillicothe in a covered wagon. Every precaution was taken to keep the Federals from finding what was up. The pieces would have been sent by railroad, but for fear that some employee would tell the Federals.

The cannon had been not long on the road when the Federals learned of it. Word was passed down the line to the various posts to keep watch for an innocent looking emigrant wagon, driven by a "guileless farmer,"

The "dogs of war" were captured by Worthley's and Crandall's forces at the old Elliott farm, and the guileless looking farmer taken into camp. With the wagon was a lot of ammunition. The capture caused considerable elation among the friends of the national government.

General Slack had sent out a squad of well-armed men under Captain Small to convoy the wagon in, but the Linn county Federals had completed their work before the protecting company arrived, and had got safely away. It would certainly have been an exciting encounter had the two forces met near the guns, as General Slack had given strict orders to protect them to the last.

Reference has been made to some prisoners that were taken at Linneus by the Federal forces. One of these was a young merchant, William Sandiisky by name. After being held a while, Sandusky was released and went back to Linneus. There he immediately began organizing a company for service under General Price and Governor Jackson. Sandusky found many willing recruits, but was compelled to proceed very cautiously for the Federals were active in all parts of Linn county, and a part of their business was to prevent the organization of Confederate companies. However, Sandusky managed by the first of September to get together enough stalwart young men to form a pretty fair company.

The secret was well kept. About the same time another Confederate company was organizing in Sullivan county. It was arranged that the two companies should meet, and proceed together to join the main army under General Price.

In the organization George AV. Sandusky, of Linneus, was elected captain. The lieutenants chosen were E. H. Richardson, Taylor Singleton and Henry Cherry. Thei'e were about 35 men all told. Jackson Township furnished the greatest number.

Private Thomas H. Flood was sent to Sullivan county to notify the Confederates there that the Linn county contingent was ready. Flood found the Sullivan county men at Field's mill, eager and willing to go, but witliout a leader. They chose Flood as their captain and he marched them down to Mark Arnold's home. Here the two companies, making a total of about 75 men, were combined, and Dr. P. C. Flournoy, of Linneus, was put in charge of the battalion. The soldiers, immediately after dark, took up the march for Price's army. They crossed the railroad east of Meadville in safety, though large bodies of Federal troops were on either side of them, actively on the lookout. With the hattalion were two large wagons loaded with arms, ammunition and provisions. At Brunswick they crossed the Missouri river, and then followed the river on up to Lexington, where they were welcomed by the men of General Price, and where they were sworn in as members of the State Guard. It was an auspicious occasion when the Confederates of Sullivan and Linn counties took the oath of allegiance to the Southern flag. The important battle of Lexington was at its height, and a short while afterwards, the Federal forces under Colonel Mulligan, which held the town, surrendered to General Price. The Linn county company took part in the operations which led to the capture of the citadel. It was designated as Company A, Third Regiment, Third Division Missouri State Guards, Ed Price, colonel; WiUiam S. Hyde, lieutenant-colonel. It afterwards became Company K, second Missouri Infantry, C. S. A.

Hamilton had been an officer in Barbee's company in the Mexican War, and had the reputation of being a first-class fighting man. Many of his company were from Macon county. The company formed a part of Colonel Bevier's Fourth Regiment, in the State Guard. This regiment became historic. Colonel Bevier wrote a book describing its operations.

Not long after its organization at Laclede, Colonel Morgan's Eighteenth Missouri Regiment went to Brookfield, and there remained for some time. Later it was ordered to Weston in Piatt county.

Capt. W. R. Love was in command of the post at Laclede. That company and Captain Loring's of the Seventh Missouri Volunteer Cavalry had been mustered into the United States service along with the Eighteenth Missouri.

Captain Love explained why the confederate company from Linn and Sullivan counties got through the net. He said that he was apprised of the movement, and that they prepared to intercept the volunteers for the South, but a violent rainstorm set in that night and destroyed the effectiveness of their ammunition. It would have been impossible in such circumstances to have fired a carbine. So the pursuers dismounted and returned to quarters.

At the close of 1861 Linn county was in complete conti'ol of the force of the national government. The bridges were thoi'oughly protected and railroad operations were continued.

Henry Wilkinson, of Linn county, was commissioned as captain of Company F, First Cavalry, Missouri State Militia, March 25. John D. Mullins and D. P. Woodruff were commissioned as first and second lieutenants. Company F was soon filled up and immediately went into active service south of the river.

In the summer of 1862 the Enrolled Missouri Militia, or "E. M. M.," was organized. The majority (if not all) of the Linn county men belonging to this organization were members of the Sixty-Second Regiment. The enrolled militia were desig-ned to be used in the localities where they were organized, in emergencies and upon extraordinary occasions, and for a species of guard and patrol duty. When wanted they were summoned to a rendezvous, and when their services were no longer needed they were allowed to return to their homes. They were armed and uniformed by the United States government, and paid by the state for the time they were actually in service.

Every able-bodied male citizen between the ages of eighteen and forty-five was expected to become a member of the Enrolled Missouri Militia. Exemptions could be purchased for $.30 at first ; afterwards the commutation was made larger ; finally it ceased altogether.

The majority of the Linn county Enrolled Militia belonged to the Sixty-Second Regiment, as above stated, which was composed mainly of Linn and Macon county men. R. J. Eberman, of Macon, was colonel of the Sixty-Second; Hamilton DeGraw, of Linn, lieutenant colonel; Luther T. Forman and Watson E. Crandall, of Linn, were majors. The Linn county companies were:

Company F. first captain, Jesse Buckman ; second captain, William R. Thomas ; first lieutenant, John Branson ; second first lieutenant, William Robbins, promoted from second lieutenant.

There was also a Company G in the Thirtj^-Eighth Regiment, officered as follows : Captain, E. J. Crandall ; first lieutenant, John E. Worthley; second lieutenants, Charles C. Davis and Robinson Tooey. This company was known as "The Railroad Brigade."

The commissions of all of the first officers of the Sixty-Second Regiment were dated in July and August, 1862. The officers of Company G, Thirty-Eighth Regiment, were commissioned September 2.

The. partisan bands, sometimes called guerrilas or bushwhackers, became most active along in 1864. In June one of these organizations made raids on Laclede, St. Catharine and Bucklin, and invaded Clay and Jackson townships. It is said that there was more real anxiety felt by the people of Linn county during this year than at any other period of the war.

The Missouri guerrilla wrote his history in blood. On the western border and in the central part of the state William C. Quantrill, George Todd, Bill Anderson, Cole Yoimger, Frank and Jesse James and other kindred spirits were riding hard and shooting fast. Men were sacrificed with as little compunction as one would shoot a cat or dog. While presumably on the confederate side, the guerillas did not make vei*y close distinctions as to whose house they raided or the political views of the people they killed. It was the reign of the black flag, and men were shot down remorselessly for trivial things.

The bands that operated in Linn county were not as well disciplined, nor anything like the "fighting machines" that Quantrill, Bill Anderson and their followers were, but they made a great deal of trouble just the same.

Some of the militia companies were not angels either. Many of them were from other states, and they operated in whatever manner seemed to please them best. The poor farmer was between two millstones - the bushwhacker and the foreig-n militiamen. He was the commissary department for both factions. He oftimes found it hard to save enough to feed his own family and the stock about the place. A company of partisans of the South rode up to the house of a wellto-do Union man in Clay township and the leader asked if he could get supper for his men and food for his horses. "We are after the bloody bushwhackers," said the leader; "have you seen any pass this way lately?"

The leader remarked grimly that he would do that very thing, and that good Union man had the unique experience of entertaining a large party of the enemy under the mistaken idea that they were his friends and protectors.

The most sensational raid by a partisan band in Linn county during the war was at Linneus. It was during this exciting time that the courageous Judge Jacob Smith was killed. The affair as recorded in an old history of Linn county was as follows :

In the winter of 1864-65 Jim Eider and his band of bushwhackers, to the number of about fifteen, had an encampment on an island in the Missouri river, near the Carrol county side, not far above and on the opposite shore from the town of Waverly, Lafayette county. The river was frozen over for a portion of the time, the weather being very cold, and Eider could reach either mainland when he wished. From his retreat, which was a snug and secure one, the daring bushwhacker made frequent forays into the country on both sides of the river, in search of plunder more than for the purpose of shedding blood, and imiformly returned successful and in safety to his covert well hidden in the thick willows of the Missouri river island.

On the night of the ninth of January, 1865, Eider, at the head of about a dozen of his band, made a raid upon Linneus. It was about 10 o'clock when the bushwhackers reached the town. The moon was in the first quarter, and, save that it was occasionally obscured by flying clouds which scudded across its face at intervals, gave a fair light. There was a light fall of snow upon the ground and objects could be seen with tolerable distinctness. Eider and his men came into the town from the west. Stopping first at a place where whisky was sold they partook freely and then rode on to the square. Quite soon they had a bevy of prisoners, the most of whom they robbed. They made inquiries for Capt. T. E. Brawner, then of the militia, now the Democratic editor of the Bulletin. Had they found him he would have been summarily put to death, for Eider bore him an old grudge. Fortunately Brawner was in St. Louis.

One of the bushwhackers was a young man named John Lane, who had been born and reared near Linneus. At the breaking out of the Civil "War he went south of the Missouri river, joined the State Guards, and fought at the battle of Wilson's Creek, or Oak Hill, where he was so severely woimded in the hand that he was discharged from the service, after which he returned home, took the oath of allegiance to the Gamble government, and lived quietly for some time. Suddenly he disappeared and no one knew where he was vmtil he made his appearance in Linneus with Rider's bushwhackers, whose guide and pilot he doubtless was on the occasion. Soon after entering the town, young Lane made his way to the premises of Judge Jacob Smith and appropriated a fine horse.

Upon the appearance of the bushwhackers in the place the alarm was given, and there was great excitement and commotion. Several shots were fired; someone shouted "Fire!" others cried "Robbers!" and some made as little noise as possible. The bushwhackers first made a descent upon the store of Messrs. Brownlee, Trumbo & Dillon. They ascertained that Dr. Dillon had the key to the store safe (in which was a considerable sum of money) and so some of them went to the doctor's residence after it. The doctor became suspicious and alarmed when his visitors knocked on the door and slipped out the back way to avoid and escape them. Just as he was climbing the fence at the rear of his premises the bushwhackers discovered him and fired upon him, one revolver ball striking him on the head, glancing off, but knocking him down. Presuming they had killed him, the bushwhackers returned to the square.

Meantime Judge Jacob Smith, then judge of this circuit, had secured a musket belonging to a company of "exempts" of the place, of which he was captain, and was on the lookout for the marauders. He was seated on a woodpile in front of a house that stood about where the residence of Mr. Colgan now stands, near the northeast corner of the square, and a little west of the railroad track. Along came John Lane, mounted on the judge's horse and riding eastward. Smith raised his musket, fired, and mortally wounded Lane, the charge of buckshot striking him in the leg and severing or penetrating the femoral artery ; one or two shot also struck the horse, and it galloped away. Smith immediately started for the courthouse, where some of the arms belonging to the "exempts" were stored, shouting "Come on, boys; rally at the courthouse!" As he reached the courthouse fence the bushwhackers fired on him, shooting him through the bowels, and he fell. He made his way unassisted to the residence of Dr. D. I. Stephenson, who lived in the western part of Linneus, and was afterward removed to his own house on the east side of the square, now occupied by Major Mullins as a law office and by S. D. Sandusky as his office, where he died on the eleventh, two davs later.

About the time Judge Smith was at Dr. Stephenson's, Mr. William D. Pendleton, who lived in the northeast part of town, hearing the disturbance, seized his gun and started for the public square. As he reached a point oposite the M. E. Church, two of Eider's men met him and asked him where he was going. Mr. Pendleton replied that, hearing an uncommon noise in town he had come out to investigate. He was taken toward the square, and a few rods south of the church Rider and some others of his followers were met. "Here's a man with a gun who is out after us; what shall we do with him I" said Pendleton's captors to their leader. "Shoot him down!" replied Eider. Pendleton started to run, but the bushwhackers put three balls into his body and he fell dead.

By this time the town was pretty well alarmed. John Lane was bleeding to death, there was no prospect of making a rich haul of plunder, and so Rider prepared to retreat. Going to a livery stable, the bushwhackers secured a horse and buggy and into the latter placed Lane, whose life-blood was ebbing fast, and started out of town, going south. At Ennis Reed's, a mile and a half from town, they stopped and got some water. At Mr. Cox's, near the line of the Hannibal & St. Joe Railroad, they again stopped, and by this time Lane was dead. Carrying his body to the door, they said to Mr. Cox: "Here's a dead bushwhacker. We have been to Linneus and killed about a dozen men. You take this man's -body back there and have those fellows bury it decently, or we will come back and kill a dozen more!" Then they passed on and away to their rendezvous, which was shortly afterward broken up by the Carroll county militia.

The citizens did not pursue Rider. Ammunition was scarce, and what arms there were in the place could not be considered effective. The condition of Judge Smith and the dead body of Pendleton engaged the attention of nearly everybody in the town for a time. Lane's body was decently buried in the Linneus cemetery. A company of the militia the next day made pursuit, but it was ineffectual.

The bushwhackers carried away a few watches (one gold), some goods, a pistol or two, and a few dollars. The loss in property by their raid was but trifling; but the loss of the lives of Judge Smith and Mr. Pendleton was irreparable. Judge Smith was a valuable man to the county and country. His death was greatly deplored throughout north-central Missouri and other parts of the state where he was well known.

who was mounted on "a gallant steed" which she managed with gfreat dexterity. She visited, among other places, Browne, Trumbo & Dillon's store, and took in the situation very completely before leaving. Wherefrom she came and whereto she went, no one in Linneus seemed to know; but it was charged that she was a spy for the bushwhackers. The same lady was seen in different parts of the country at other times.

Upon the disappearance of the bushwhackers a yoimg man of Linneus, who had at different times enlisted in the Federal ser^dce and as often deserted, and who had been employed in a livery stable, also disappeared; and it was charged that he, also, was an agent of Eider's raiders. Not long after he was killed in Andrew county.

Previous to this raid, bushwhackers had made occasional invasions of the towns, causing a reign of terror wherever they went. Sometimes they merely rode through a place, shouting and firing off their revolvers. At other times they would make the citizens hand over their ready cash and watches. Oftimes the raiders could not be identified as belongiug to any particular band, but only seemed to be animated by a spirit of unrest and also by a desire to acquire other people's property without working for it. They figured as nothing in the advancement of either the northern or southern cause.

The di-aft was run in Missouri in 1864. Linn county had contributed its full quota to the Union army and also to the Southern, but affairs had become so critical that the government found it necessary to resort to every possible means to increase the military force. In many counties large bounties were offered for volunteers.

Laclede Raided by Bushwhackers One of the most exciting episodes which happened at Laclede was known as the Holtzclaw raid. On Saturday, June 18, 1864, at about 4 in the afternoon, Captain Holtzclaw with between sixteen and thirty men dashed into this place from the west, entering the town between the postoffice and Clarkson's old stand. Although it was broad daylight, such was the carelessness of the citizens that the invaders rode one mile along the big road through the open prairie without being seen until they announced their presence in the town with yells most terrific. Hitching their horses at the racks, they instantly ordered the business men out of their houses and formed them with the male citizens from the country in a line on the public square, manifestly to prevent them from getting their arms or carrying information to the soldiers at Brookfield. This done, the work of plundering commenced in the postoffice and store occupied by John F. Pershing.

Crossing to the east portion of the town they found quite a number of citizens in Earl's hall, unarmed, except David Crowder, a discharged soldier, who had a revolver. Seeing the situation, one man or more with shotguns cocked and presented, he took deliberate aim from the window and mortally wounded James Nave. A comrade of Nave 's instantly shot Mr. Crowder dead. At this a portion of the men came down the stairway, while others rushed out at the east window, jumping on top of Mrs. Earl's residence and thence to the ground. Among these was Squire John H. Jones, a good man and a lawyer of this place. He, with the rest, was halted the third time, but he continued to run, trying, as supposed, to get to his drug store, when he was shot dead on the street leading to Linneus. At this Captain Holtzclaw came up and expressed deep regret, stating that it was not his intention to hurt any one, but that his orders must be respected and obeyed. AVhile these things were occurring two men had escaped from town, and making their way to Brookfield gave the alarm, and in the course of two hours or less a train with Federal soldiers from that place came in sight. Captain Holtzclaw, with his men, quietly withdrew south by the Bell house, sending Mr. Nave west in the Linneus hack. The soldiers made pursuit, one squad on the locomotive west after the hack ; running parallel, they tired repeated volleys at it, wounding Nave a second time and mortally wounding one of the men with him, and it was generally supposed the other was mortally wounded also.

The squad going south accomplished nothing. MTiile Captain Holtzclaw 's men were plundering the stores, he made a short speech to the citizens, in substance as follows:

He had no ill-feeling towards any Union man simply because he was such, but had visited Laclede in retaliation to outrages committed upon his friends about Keytesville. There are, he said, some Abolitionists in this place who ought to be executed, and that if he had to visit the place again he would lay it in ruins and deal less lenientlj^ with the people. If he heard that any of his Southern friends were abused, or his men hurt or killed, or if pursued by the citizens, he would deal with them severely, killing two for every one of his men killed.

He could have killed fifty men and burned the town had he been so disposed, for the whole was completely in his power. We feel certain that had Mr. Crowder not shot, and Mr. Jones halted when commanded, they would both be now alive, and this is the impression of the entire community. The raiders did not, it was thought, accomplish all they intended, and the editor thinks the people would be to blame if they were again caught asleep after the warning they had received. Nave was considered the pilot of the band, his home having been near Meadville, and he was well acquainted in Laclede. He died next day at the house of a man named Stepp.

One instance of another kind that took place in Laclede was that of a Mr. Love, one of the citizens, when ordered out to the square dropped his pocketbook containing a couple of hundred dollars by a log in hopes of saving it. His daughter. Miss Lauretta, came out to see her father while under guard, and he told her what he had done. She was quick-witted, and knowing that she could only get it by startagem, quietly loosened her skirt as she came to the log, and seeing the pocketbook let loose of the skirt as she stepped upon the log and dropped it, of course. She blushed, of course, at such a mishap, but gathered up her skirt; but in doing so that pocketbook was found in it somehow on reaching home. This was $200 saved. She afterwards became Mrs. Cowles, of Ottumwa, Iowa.

Colonel Sartain, one of Poindexter's men, who fired on the steamer White Cloud on the Missouri river, was captured and brought to Laclede, where he was tried and shot. He received his death standing, saying he knelt to no man. His body was given decent burial.

During the Civil War Laclede was a center of military operations. Just south of the railroad track, where one of the churches now stands, was the site of earthworks thrown up by Union soldiers for the defense of the town in case of attack by Confederates or to repel raids of the bushwhackers, which was known as Fort Morgan.

In the beautiful little park that now occupies the center of town can yet be seen traces of the old stockade, which was erected during the Civil War and is a stern but silent reminder of those dark and terrible days that have long since passed away.

aeters carried on a regular business of enlisting in one place under a certain name, hurrying to the front, receiving the bounty, deserting at once upon its receipt, and reappearing in some other place under a different name, there to re-enlist and repeat the performance. Of course the risk of such a business as this was great, but as the bounty was quite large in some cases there were men who were willing to take the chances to secure it.

When the draft was run in Missouri Capt. Moses G. Roush, of Laclede, was appointed enrolling officer. He reported subject to military duty 646 men of the first class, between eighteen and forty years of age; 300 of the second class, over forty and under forty-five. This made a total of 946.

"Sir: You are hereby notified that you were, on the 16th day of November, 1864, legally drafted in the service of the United States for the period of one year, in accordance with the provision of the act of congress 'for enrolling and calling out the national forces, and for other purposes,' approved March 3, 1863, and the act amendatory thereof, approved February 24, 1864. You will accordingly report on the 30th of November, 1864, at the place of rendezvous in Ma<?on, Missouri, or be deemed a deserter, and be subject to the penalty prescribed therefor by the rules and articles of war.

With the notification of the draft was an order on the Northern Missouri Railroad directing it to furnish transportation for the drafted man from Allen (now Moberly) to Macon, Missouri, at government rates.

The Linn county court offered a bounty of $100 to each man who would volunteer his services to the national government for a year. Those enlisting for six months were given $50. The amount for which the county became liable under this order was $15,500. A tax of one dollar on the hundred was levied to pay it.

county out of the different county school funds of the county to arm a company of seventy men with one Spencer rifle and two revolvers each ; $1,000 to be paid down and the balance in ninety days.

R. G. Waters and T. T. Easley were appointed to carry out the order. Before the company had need for the arms i^eace was declared and the war was ended.

The Twenty-Third Missouri. Recruiting began in July, 1861, by Jacob T. Tindall, Grundy county, and Judge Jacob Smith, Linn county. The men enlisted were principally farmers and land owners from the counties of Grundy, Livingston, Linn, Putnam, Mercer, Harrison, Daviess, and Carroll.

In August, 1861, Mr. Tindall was given authority by Major-General Fremont, then commanding the department of the West, who raised a regiment of Missouri Volunteers to serve three years, or during the war, iinless sooner discharged.

By the first of September he had recruited enough men to form seven companies. He was ordered to Benton Barracks with his command. There his men were mustered into the service of the United States, clothed, armed and equipped, and put on duty in the city of St. Louis, where they remained until October 15, 1861.

The principal service of the Twenty-Third during the winter of 1861 was preserving the peace in neighboring counties and in protecting the life and property of the L^nion men.

Lieut.-Col. Jacob Smith resigned his military position January 25. 1862, for the purpose of accepting a position on the bench which was tendered him by the governor of Missouri. The vacancy in the regiment occasioned by Colonel Smith's retirement was filled by an officer named Quin Morton. Morton had distinguished himself in the defense of Lexington.

In March Colonel Tindall was ordered to proceed with his regiment to St. Louis and report to the commanding officer at Benton Barracks, Missouri. There his men were given new suits of uniform and exchanged their Austrian rifles for Springfield- muskets, calibre 69. By the end of the month the Twenty-third was in splendid condition and anxious for active service.

The regiment started for Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee, April 1, 1862. It arrived on the 4th. Upon reiwrting to Maj.-Gen. LT. S. Grant, then commanding the armv of Tennessee. Colonel Tindall was ordered to report with his regiment to General Prentiss, commanding the sixth division. On the morning of the 6th the Twenty-Third, under command of Colonel Morton, left Pittsburg Landing to join the sixth division, then supposed to be about three miles away. After marching two miles a large number of stragglers were met hurrying towards the Landing. They stated that their regiment had been cut to pieces.

An ofiScer of General Prentiss's staff rode up to the commanding officer of the regiment and ordered him to get ready for action. The men stripped themselves of everything except what they would need in the fight and with an alacrity unusual for volunteers entering upon their first battle, went into the fray.

Following is the report of the lieutenant-colonel concerning the action of the Twenty-Third at Pittsburg Landing, the report being made to Gov. H. E. Gamble:

Governor: I deem it my duty to make a report of the action of the Twenty-Third Eegiment, Missouri Volunteers, at Pittsburg Lauding on April 6, 1862. At 7 o'clock a. m., by order of Col. J. T. Tindall, I marched the regiment in the direction of General Prentiss's camp. After marching about two miles an officer of General Prentiss's staff ordered us to halt and prepare for action, which was promptly done. As soon as the regiment was placed in position the enemy opened fire on us by a battery at about 400 yards distance, which was continued without intermission for two hours.

We were then ordered to change our position and to engage a large force of the enemy who were pressing upon the center, which was done. After a severe engagement at the distance of twenty-five or thirty yards, we drove the enemy back, not, however, without serious loss. We held the position assigned us until 4 o'clock p. m., fighting almost without intermission, at which time we were ordered to change our front to meet the enemy, who had outflanked us. Here we fought until 5 o'clock, driving the enemy back, although they charged us frequently during the time. Again we were compelled to change our position, and soon after this change we were surrounded and fired upon, from front and rear, by two batteries and infantry. Here there was a most terrible shower of shot and shell. We repulsed the enemy in our rear and determined to try and reach the main body of the army, which had fallen back to the river; and in the effort to lead our now broken forces back, the gallant and much lamented Colonel Tindall fell, shot through the body, after having done his duty most nobly during the day.

After retiring about two hundred yards, we were met by a large force of the enemy, and compelled to surrender at about 6 o'clock p. m., after ten hours almost incessant fighting. Officers and men behaved nobly. I feel it my duty to mention the gallant conduct of Maj. John McCullough, who displayed great coolness and bravery throughout the day. Captains Dunlap, Eobison and Brown, and Adjutant Martin, and Lieutenants Munn and Sims were wounded. Thirty privates were killed, about 170 wounded, and 375 were taken prisoners.

This report would have been made much earlier, but being a prisoner until very recently I have not been in a situation to make it. Most respectfully, your obedient servant,

Officers Company F, Twenty-Third Missouri Infantry (original organization): Captain, Thomas Carter; first lieutenant, Thomas E. Brawner; second lieutenant, N. Judson Camp; first sergeant, Rice Morris ; second sergeant, William F. Reynolds ; fourth sergeant, William J. Furbee ; fifth sergeant, Francis M. Jones ; first corporal, Robert F. Oxley; second, George Nichols; third, William Hooker; fourth, Thomas B. Reid; fifth, James W. Gooch; sixth, William Hawkins; seventh, Robert B. Smith ; eighth, David C. Pierce.

Captain, Rice Morris; first lieutenant, Thomas E. Brawner; second lieutenant, N. Judson Camp; first sergeant, William Hooker; second, William F. Reynolds; third, William J. Furbee; fourth, Francis M. Jones; fifth, James G. Pollard; first corporal, Robert F. Oxley; second, AVilliam Hawkins; third, Richard M. Ogle; fourth, Elisha Jones; fifth, John Carter; sixth, John W. Chapman; seventh, Grandison W. Burt; eighth, James Parish ; musicians, Hiram A. Sisson and Joseph 0. Hurlbut; wagoner, Le\'i Cook.

The adjutant-general's report for 1865 gives this description of the operations of the Thirty-Third, under date of Nashville, Tennessee, December 9, 1864 :

The Thirty-third Missouri Infantry was recruited under the patronage of the Union Merchants' Exchange of St. Louis and was therefore styled the "Merchants' Regiment." Its original field officers were : Colonel, Clinton B. Fisk, secretary of the Merchants' Exchange ; lieutenant-colonel, William A. Pyle, captain in First Missouri Artillery ; major, W. H. Heath, adjutant of the Eighteenth Illinois Infantry.

It was ordered to the field September 22, 1862, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Pyle, and made several severe marches through Phelps, Dent, Texas and Wright counties, Missouri. December 19, returned to St. Louis. December 23, Colonel Fisk was appointed brigadier-general, Lieutenant-Colonel Pyle was made colonel, and Major Heath lieutenant-colonel. Same daj^ the regiment moved by steamer to Columbus, Kentucky, that place being threatened. January 5, 1863, moved to Helena, Arkansas, and took part in General Gorman's expedition to Duvall's Bluff, Ai-kansas, returning to Helena January 20, at which place more than 100 men died from exposure within one month. February 24, formed part of Gen. L. F. Ross's expedition to Fort Pemberton, Mississippi, know as the "Yazoo Pass expedition." Regiment was under fire here for the first time, doing efficient service in constructing field works, mounting siege guns, reconnoitering the enemy's position and capturing his pickets. April 8 returned to Helena, and May 5 the regiment was placed in charge of the fortifications and artillery of that garrison, numbering 18 pieces of heavy and light caliber. Same date, four siege guns were taken from the fortifications and replaced by light artillery. July 14, 1863, the regiment, supported by detachments of the Forty-Third Indiana, Thirty-Third Iowa and Thirty-Fifth Missouri, held their works against the combined forces of Price, Holmes and Marmaduke, repelling numerous heavy assaults and sustaining a continuous musketry fire for six hours. Total loss of the regiment in this fight was forty -nine. Although this was the first battle in which the regiment had borne part, their intrepidity is sufficiently attested by the terrible punishment inflicted upon the enemy as compared with the small loss sustained by the regiment. January 28, 1864, left Helena with troops of General Sherman to join the expedition to Meridian, Mississippi. Regiment temporarily assigned to General Veatch's division, and marched with it to Clinton, Mississippi. Ordered back and assigned to General Tuttle's division. March 10, Gen. Joseph A. Mower assumed command of the division and the regiment moved from Vicksburg with the expedition to Red River, Louisi- ana. March 14, regiment was present, in reserve, at the capture of Fort DeRussey. March 21 the regiment, in conjunction with the Thirty- Fifth Iowa, captured Henderson Hill, Louisiana, by a midnight surprise and assault, securing the Second Louisiana Tigers (cavalry) and Edgar's Texas Battery, with horses, arms, ammunition and colors complete. April 9 regiment took part in the gallant and overwhelming defeat of the enemy at Pleasant Hill, Louisiana, capturing a five-gun battery in the final charge.

Li this battle Lieutenant-Colonel Heath received a wound in the head, and the command of the regiment fell to Major Van Beck. May 16 the regiment took part in the battle of Marksville, Louisiana ; losses small. May 18 took part in the battle of Bayou de Glaize. May 14 the troops of the Sixteenth Army Corps returned to Vicksburg. June 6 flae regiment took part in the attack upon Marmaduke's forces at Old River Lake, Arkansas, Major Van Beck, by seniority, commanding third brigade. Mower's division, and Capt. A. G. Campbell, Company C, commanding the regiment. This brigade, composed of the Thirty-Third Missouri and Thirty-Fifth Iowa, was ordered to charge the enemy, who were strongly posted on the opposite side of a bayou, and made the charge in gallant style, passing over the skirmishers of another brigade which had failed to advance, and, moving unthinkingly forward to the bank of the bayou, which was then found to be unfordable. Notwithstanding this obstacle they stood up bravely, and at forty paces distance poured in such a galling fire that the rebels broke and ran in confusion. The regiment lost here in a few minutes forty-one men; rebel loss not great, but the fight compelled the withdrawal of a battery from Columbia, Arkansas, which had seriously interrupted the navigation of the Mississippi river. June 10 the regiment arrived at Memphis, Tennessee, and immediately joined an expediton against Lee and Forrest in Mississippi, Lieutenant-Colonel Heath having returned and assumed command. July 13, guarding train during an attack upon it by Lee's cavalry. July 14, took part in the battle at Tupelo, Mississippi, joining in the charge and driving the rebel lines, capturing one cavalry squad. July 15, took part in second battle at Tupelo, joining in a second charge and routing the enemy. Total losses in the three days' fighting, thirty-six men. July 22 arrived in Memphis. July 31, moved from Memphis with expedition to Oxford, returning to Memphis August 30. September 3, moved from Memphis with General Mower's column to re-enforce general Steele. September 17, moved from Brownsville, Arkansas, to Cape Girardeau, Missouri. Moved by steamer to St. Louis, arriving October 9 and, remaining but one day to draw clothing, pushed on immediately up the Missouri river to join the column against Price. October 18, the regiment being too much reduced in numbers and officers to be effective in the field, was ordered to garrison at California and Tipton, Missouri, November 17, the regiment returned to St. Louis. November 24, moved by water from St. Louis to Nashville, Tennessee, to aid in the defense of that city against Hood.

Since its organization the regiment has marched nearly 1,500 miles, besides many thousands of miles traveled by water and rail, and has lost in killed and wounded a total of 170 men ; has captured two flags, six pieces of artillery and many prisoners. It has been very fortunate in having young and energetic line officers, and in all service has had but two officers killed and two seriously wounded. The regiment had originally nearly 1,000 men, and has received about 60 recruits. It numbers now 490 men, aggregate, but 317 of these being fit for active duty.

St. Louis, Missouri, November 7, 1865. Colonel Samuel P. Simpson, Adjutant-General of Missouri: Sir - In reply to your request for a history of operations of the Thirty-third Eegiment, Missouri Infantry Volunteers, in 1865, I have the honor to say after my last report to you the regiment participated in the battles of Nashville, December 15 and 16, 1864, joining in charging the rebel battery on Hillsboro Pike, December 15, and in the grand charge on the sixteenth which broke Hood's army finally to pieces, the loss in this latter charge being forty-three killed and wounded, among them Adjt. S. E. Day and First Lieut. Thomas Eutledge. The regiment then marched with the Sixteenth Army Corps to Clifton, Tennessee, and from there by transport to Eastport, Mississippi, remaining at the latter place until February 6, when they joined the column for the reduction of Mobile, moving by transport via New Orleans to Pensacola Bay and thence to Dauphin Island; here joined General Candy's column, and participated in the siege of the Spanish Fort and Blakely, having five wounded at the former place. After the reduction of Mobile, moved by land to Montgomerj^ Alabama, and from there by water to Selma, Alabama, May 1; remained at Selma as provost guard until the twentieth of July, 1865, when the regiment received orders to proceed to St. Louis for muster out, where it arrived August 3, and was mustered out of service August 10, 1865. I have the honor to be your obedient servant,

H. Wilkinson, captain ; date of commission, March 25, 1862 ; rank from March 12, 1862 ; postoffice, Linneus, Missouri ; resigned, February 14, 1863.

James B. Moore, captain; date of commission, February 27, 1863; rank from February 24, 1863 ; postoffice, Linneus, Missouri ; mustered out at expiration of term, March, 1865.

John D. Mullins, first lieutenant; date of commission, March 25, 1862; rank from March 21, 1862; postoffice, Linneus, Missouri; killed on Price's raid, October 23, 1864.

D. A. Woodruff, second lieutenant ; date of commission, March 25, 1862; rank from March 12, 1862; postoffice, Linneus, Missouri; mustered out at expiration of term, March 11, 1865.

The following members of this company were killed in action: John Couch, killed by cannon ball near Westport, Missouri, October 23, 1864, time of Price's raid. The same shot killed another, whose name has been forgotten. Lieut. John D. Mullins was killed in the same engagement. Samuel Stokes, Arthur Robinson and Samuel Powell were killed south of the Missouri river in bushwhacker skirmishes.

This company made a clean record and did some very effective service in the state during hostilities, especially against bushwhackers and the raids made by Price and Shelby.

Company A, captain, William H. Lewis; first lieutenants, Charles C. Clifton, and Herman Kemper; second lieutenants. Fielding Lewis, and T. F. Cutler.

about the 2nd of August, 1864. It was supposed at this date that the regiment was being recruited for home service. About the last of the month several embrj'o companies were collected at Macon and recruiting progressed rapidly. All available men were kept constantly on the scout, and with what success official reports of the operations at the time will indicate.

On the 15th day of September the regiment numbered 900 men (it afterwards numbered 956). On the 23rd of September Lieutenant- Colonel Stauber was ordered to Sturgeon, Missouri, with Companies A, C and H. They remained at that point and at Columbia, Missouri, during Price 's raid. The other companies of the regiment were stationed along the line of the North Missouri and Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroads, with headquarters at Macon. A portion of the regiment was mounted and did scouting duty in Macon, Randolph, Chariton, Howard, Boone, and Monroe counties, until the 10th of November, 1864, when orders wei'e received from General Rosecrans to proceed at once to Paducah, Kentucky. The command was ordered to rendezvous at Macon, from which point it started on the 12th, and arrived at St. Louis on the 13th. The regiment was reported to General Rosecrans with the statement that the organization was incomplete - the field and several of the line officers not having been commissioned. We were ordered to Benton Barracks; remained there until the 29th. The commissioners were received, musters made and the regiment paid during the interim.

On the 29th, in pursuance of original order, we started on transport and reported on the 2nd of December to General Meredith, of Paducah, Kentucky. We were ordered by him to proceed at once to Nashville, and there report to General Thomas. We arrived at Clarks- ATille, Tennessee, on the 5th of December, where, by order of Colonel Smith, Eighty-Third Illinois Infantry, through instructions from General Thomas, we returned to Fort Donaldson, Tennessee. We arrived at Fort Donaldson on the 6th and remained at Fort Donaldson until the 30th. During the time death held high carnival in our camp, 150 men being buried there. On the 30th we started for Nashville and arrived there on the 31st; remained, awaiting transportation until the 2nd of January. Started on the 2nd for Tullahoma, Tennessee, arrived at Tullahoma on the 3rd. Colonel Forbes was given command of the post and retained it until mustered out. About the 12th of January Lieutenant-Colonel Stauber, with a detachment of the regiment, was sent by General Milroy to intercept Lyon, who was returning from his Kentucky raid. The enterprise failed, but chase was given and several of Lyon's men captured. About the same time Captain Lewis, in com-

Detachments from this time forward were constantly on the scout. On the 22nd of March Colonel Forbes, one assistant surgeon and the chaplain were mustered out by order of Major-General Thomas.

The time of three six-months' companies, H, I, and K, having expired, thereby reducing the number of the regiment below the minimum, about the same time the remainder of the regiment was ordered to Shelbyville, Tennessee, where it remained as a garrison, doing occasional scouting service, until the 23rd of June, when, under orders of the department commander, we proceeded to Nashville, where we were mustered out on the 28th of June, 1865. Thence we proceeded to St. Louis, arriving there on the 2nd of July, and were finally discharged and were paid on the 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th at St. Louis, Missouri.

Company M, Twelfth Missouri Volunteer Cavalry, Capt. Oscar F. Smith, was recruited from Linn, Sullivan, Putnam, Mercer and Grundy counties. It was mustered into the United States service at Benton Barracks, St. Louis, Missouri, March 16, 1864. In the early spring of that year it accompanied the regiment from St. Louis to Memphis, Tennessee, where it entered the field under the command of General Hatch and continued in active service from that time until the close of the war. The regiment was under the command of General Hatch, of Iowa, until after the close of the fighting with Confederates under General Hood in their retreat from Nash\dlle, Tenn., in December, 1864.

In March, 1865, Company M, including all of the Third Battalion of the Twelfth Regiment, was detailed to go with Gen. James H. Wilson on his rapid march through Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia. The company started on that campaign on the 25th of March, 1865, from Eastport, Mississippi, and was on the entire march made by General "Wilson, ending at Macon, Georgia, April 22, 1865. They afterwards returned to this state by way of Atlanta, Georgia, Chattanooga, Nashville, through Kentucky, reaching St. Louis, jMissouri, June 29, 1865. The battalion (Companies I, K, L, and M) were afterward ordered to join the regiment, which had been sent to Omaha, Nebraska, and then to Fort Kearney, Nebraska, where Captain Smith's resignation was accepted September 13, 1865. The regiment's term of service was concluded on the plains. Captain Smith left the command at Fort Kearney September 14, 1865, and returned to his home in Linneus in the latter part of the same month.

Some of the officers of Company L, Seventh Cavalry, were as follows: Captain, Wesley R. Love; sergeant, William B. Vermilya; corporal, Charles W. Benton. This company was in the "Hurrican fight" in Carroll county.

Captain, W. E. Crandall ; first lieutenant, Norman Hamlin ; second lieutenant, Hiram Black ; first sergeant, Horace W. Chapman ; second, W. A. Bryan ; third, Adam C. Glasgow ; first corporal, James H. Shirts ; second, John Q. Myers ; third, ; fourth, John Marshall.

The company numbered in all 101 men, fifty-two of whom were from Linn county. As this was the first Union company organized north of the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad a record of its services is worthy of preservation. This company was organized at Brookfield, Linn coimty, Missouri, June 22, 1861, and sworn into the United States service by Capt. F. M. C. Loring, under authority of Brig.-Gen. N. Lyon, who then commanded the Department of Missouri. General Lyon furnished the company with arms and munitions. On the evening of the organization Captain Crandall got a dispatch from Maj. Josiah H. Hunt, of the Marion Battalion, to march at once to the Chariton river bridge of Macon county, distant eighteen miles, and protect it from threatened burning by the rebels. In obedience to this order, Lieut. N. S. Hamlin was detailed with twenty-five men and proceeded to the bridge. An attempt was made to burn the bridge, but the rebels were repulsed with a loss of two men killed, no loss being sustained by the Federals, and but little damage being done to the bridge. Crandall's detachment was then relieved by the Second Iowa, commanded by S. R. Curtis.

The squad marched back to Brookfield and received orders June 24 from Major Hunt to remain and protect the railroad buildings and other property.

Crandall was relieved on the 28th of June by Company I, of the Third Iowa Volunteers, commanded by Captain Trumbull, and his (Crandall's company ordered to St. Catharine, in Linn county, to protect citizens and guard Yellow creek bridge, remaining in camp at that place till the 10th of August following. They were then ordered back to Brookfield, in the camp of the Third Iowa Volunteers, commanded by Colonel Williams, where they remained until September 8, 1861. The company was then ordered to St. Louis by Brigadier-General Polk as an escort to the unarmed regiment of the Twenty-Third Missouri Volimteers, commanded by Col. J. T. Tindall, and arrived at Benton Barracks September 9, remaining until the 19th, when they were permitted by General Curtis to return to Brookfield and disband. Orders, however, had been received from General Fremont not to muster the company out of service, nor to pay them for their service, the refusal to pay being based on the technicalities of their being Home Guards, and having guarded their homes had gotten value received in that way ; and also, that they were not properly mustered into the United States service. The company reached Brookfield on the night of the 21st of September, 1861, and were disbanded, receiving no clothing, tents, camp utensils, equipments, nor any pay for the valuable service they had rendered in holding the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad for the government instead of allowing it to fall into the hands of the Confederates.

Some time afterwards, however, they were paid by the government, when the valuable nature of their services had been ascertained, and the legality of their claim established.

Captain, E. J. Crandall ; first lieutenant, John R. Worthley ; second lieutenant, Charles C. Davis; first sergeant, R. Tooey; second, William O'Neal; third, John McCormack; fourth, Warren D. Crandall; first corporal, Robert McCormack; second, Alexander Adams; third, James King; fourth, Richard Mclntire; fifth, John L. Houck; sixth, R. F. Hurd ; seventh, Alexander McDonald ; eighth, Edward Clark.

Officers of Company D, Sixty-second Enrolled Missouri Militia: * Captain, Moses G. Roush; first lieutenant, Richard W. Mitchell; second lieutenant, Frederick Degraw ; first sergeant, Eli Lytle ; second, Henry C. Lomax; third, Daniel M. Brinkley; fourth, Thomas C. Maxwell ; first corporal, Amos Whitley ; second, William Reid ; third, Robin M. Johnson; fourth, John Edwards; fifth, Jacob Decker; sixth, John Shohoney; seventh, William D. Steele; eighth, Henry C. Eastwood.

Linn county furnished about 125 men for service in the Confederate army. The officers of Company A, Third Regiment, Third Division, Missouri State Guards, were as follows:

Captain, George William Sanduskj^; first lieutenant, E. H. Richardson; second lieutenant, Taylor Singleton; third lieutenant, Henry L. Cherry; first sergeant, L. B. Phillips; third, Eldward Barton; fourth, James Brown; fifth, John Betten; first corporal, John Gooch; second, James Laidley; third, John Barnes; fourth, John Hosford.

Company A was mustered into service at Lexington, Missouri, September 12, 1861. It went immediately into action against the Federal forces under General Mulligan and aided in the capture of the town. The term of the company expired January 12, 1861. A majority of the members re-enlisted and continued sharing the fortunes of General Price's army.

Dr. P. C. Flournoy was the first captain of Company K, Second Missouri Infantry, C. S. A. Was afterwards made colonel of the regiment, and later became acting brigadier-general in Hood's Tennessee campaign.

George William Sandusky was the second captain of the company. He was wounded at Corinth, Mississippi, October 4, 1862. J. J. Phillips was first lieutenant.

This company was mustered into the Confederate service at Springfield, Missouri, January 16, 1862. April 9, 1865, it surrendered with its regiment and division, to the Federals, in Alamaba ; was disbanded and sent home. During its term of service it participated in some of the hardest fought battles of the war; viz.. Elk Horn (or Pea Ridge), Arkansas ; siege of Corinth, Mississippi, May, 1862 ; luka, second battle at Corinth, Grand Gulf, Baker's Creek (Champion's Hill), Big Black, siege of Vicksburg, where the entire regiment was captured; Resaea, Georgia, New Hope Church, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, battles in front of Atlanta, Altoona Pass, Franklin, Nashville, Fort Blakely, and the defense of Mobile (Alabama). At Elk Horn the company went to action with forty-nine men, and lost four killed and fifteen wounded. At Franklin, Tennessee, the second Missouri Regiment lost 150 men, out of 192 engaged. Only four were left in Company K. The Second Missouri made a record second to none from this state, in the cause of the Sunny South. It's first colonel was J. Q. Burridge, subsequently F. M. Cockrell, and lastly Col. P. C. Flournoy. When the long and bloody struggle was over and the cause of the Confederacy went down to honorable defeat the brave survivors of the Second Missouri returned to their homes; and since the war, having surrendered and taken the oath of allegiance in good faith, have made as good citizens as they had been soldiers.

as a state was deeply interested, and when the news was flashed over the wires telling of the disaster that had overtaken the "Maine," her patriotic citizens were among the first to demand that the lives of those brave men be avenged.

When at last war was declared and President McKinley issued his call for volunteers, Linn county was among the first to respond, offering the flower of her young manhood in defense of the nation's honor. The sectional feeling (if there still remained any) engendered by the great Civil War was forgotten, and the sons of the men who had fought under the "Stars and Bars" together with those who had carried the "Stars and Stripes" ^ied with each other as to which could be first to wipe out with their blood, if necessary, the deadly insult which had been hurled at us as a nation.

In response to the President's call, steps were at once taken to recruit a company in Brookfield and Linn county, and the active work of enlisting men for the war was soon under way. Many of the best young men of the city and county offered themselves to the service, and a company of 100 men was soon formed and the following ofiBcers elected :

The above list represents the commissioned and non-commissioned officers when they were mustered into United States service on July 20, 1898. In this connection it may be well to note that among the young men who were active in recruiting the company was William J. Carlon, of Brookfield, who was elected its first lieutenant, but on account of defective eyesight was unable to pass the rigid examination imposed by the United States government and, much to his regret, was rejected from the service.

The drilling of the company was begun in earnest, and yoimg men who, a few days before, were filling the peaceful occupations of farmers, clerks, or that of their professions, were answering to the stern commands of their officers to "fall in, about face, forward march" and other military orders.

This company became Company A of the Sixth Missouri Volunteer Infantry, which was mustered into the United States service on July 20, 1898, at Jeflferson Barracks, Missouri, and honorably mustered out on May 10, 1899, at Savanna, Georgia.

When the day arrived for the boys to leave home to scenes of activity, Brookfield and the entire county turned out en mass, escorted them to the train, and wished them "God speed" and success to their arms.

The company was first sent to Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis, where their military education was continued until August 11 and 12 of the same year, when they were removed to Camp Cuba Libre, Jacksonville, Florida, arri\'ing there on August 15. The regiment was encamped at Jackson^dlle until November 7, and during that time suffered a loss of two men by death, William S. Busby, of Brookfield, Missouri, and August Eamm, of Walnut Hill, Illinois. On the above mentioned date the camp was changed to Camp Onward, at Savanna, Georgia, and while there death again visited them, its victim being John A. Burns, of Brookfield, Missouri.

During the time the regiment was encamped, prior to their embarkation, many of the boys were taken sick ; due largely to the poor sanitary conditions existing and the radical change of climate, a number being discharged for disabilities caused from the exposure of camp life.

On December 21, 1898, the long-wished-for order came to embark, and the boys began to think that they were going to get a taste of real war ; but they were doomed to disappointment, for the haughty manners of Spain had been trailed in the dust, and her navy swept from the high seas, before our boys were given a chance to display their valor in a single engagement.

The regiment was taken to Havanna, Cuba, in December of 1898, where it was held in reserve until it was proven beyond a question of a doubt that their services were not needed. It was then returned to the United States and duly mustered out at Savauna, Georgia, on May 10, 1899, having been in the service a little less than one year.

A beautiful Soldiers' Monument was unveiled at Brookfield in May, 1912. It occupies a commanding position, on a grassy plot in North Main street, between two picturesque parks.

"In memory of the days of '61- '65, in honor of the men, living and dead, who fought under the folds of the flag of the great Republic, who periled life and limb that a nation might live, of the men who in their young and vigorous manhood toiled through long, weary marches, but who now sleep beneath that Mow, green tent whose curtain never outward swings,' or march with halting step or bended head to pay the last sad rites to a dead comrade or to strew flowers on the graves of comrades who have in the years that are past crossed over the river of death and pitched their tents on the other side.

"In memory of all these, and not forgetful of the gallant men in gray whom they met in the shock of battle, the patriotic people of Brookfield have builded the durable, beautiful and artistic monument that now ornaments the oval between east and west parks, from the summit of which the effigy of a volunteer soldier of the Civil War, carved in Italian marble, standing at 'parade rest,' looks down upon the busy scenes of the main street during the day and keeps watch and ward over the sleeping city at night.

"It is all a patriotic expression of a patriotic people, some of whom were in sympathy with the men who fought under the stars and bars, and who, feeling a just pride in the magnificent valor displayed by these grand men in gray, are yet glad that owing to the valor and sacrifices of the men in blue that this is today one country with one imited people and under one flag.

The movement to erect the monument grew out of a suggestion on the part of the local Women's Relief Corps, the ladies' auxiliary to the Grand Army of the Republic, to replace the monument to the

In a conference between tbe local corps and the local Grand Army Post, it was suggested that a Soldiers' Monument Association be organized, contributions be solicited and a monument to the soldiers of the Civil War be built.

It was seriously doubted if a sufficient amount could be raised, but there were a few who expressed the utmost confidence that the patriotic people of Brookfield would respond liberally to the call.

A soliciting committee was appointed, headed by the president of the association, Henry Tooey, and a sufficient fund was pledged in but a brief period to assure the success of the project. In this work the energy and zeal of the president of the association, the lamented Henry Tooey, always conspicuous in any and eveiy good cause, was never more plainly demonstrated. He not only worked untiringly himself, but brought out good work on the part of others, and the Soldiers' Monument as it stands today between the parks is also a monimaent to the patriotism, zeal and energy of that splendid citizen, Henry Tooey, who will long be remembered by the people of Brookfield, not only on account of his zeal or his energy in work for the best interests of Brookfield, but on account of a warm heart that promptly responded to the call of distress on the part of any and every human being.

The monument is of Barre granite, the figure of the soldier of Italian marble, the base nine feet four inches by nine feet four inches, artistically tapering to the summit, and, with the figure of the soldier, is twenty-two feet six inches in height. The cost, not including the foundation which was put in by the city at an expense of $105, was $1,620.

D. L. Williams, the Linneus monument dealer, was the local contractor and A. Eraser & Co., of Mansfield, Ohio, the builders. It is constructed in strict compliance in every respect, in material, in work-

Stewart Marsh, with his trained force, moved the massive blocks from the freight house to the park and set up the monument. It was his first experience in handling such heavy weights, but he went to work like a veteran, without hesitation and without doubt, and did the work as well as though he had been setting up towering monuments all his life.

Brookfield has a monument of which our people may well be proud, and in one hundred years from now, unless removed by the hand of man, it will be standing where it stands now, as artistic and as complete as it is today.