Saline County, Missouri - Chapter 12: Presidential Campaign of 1860 Its Results and Effects - the Civil War, 1910 (part 1 of 2)

Chapter 12: Presidential Campaign of 1860 Its Results and Effects - the Civil War

In i860 the population of Saline county was fourteen thousand six Inindred and ninety-nine, over one-third of which, four thousand eight hundred and seventy-six, were slaves.

The August election in i860 and the campaign preceding it were the most interesting and exciting ever held in Missouri. Claiborne F. Jackson, who liad then become a citizen of Saline county, was nominated by the Democratic convention as its candidate for governor. For a time he had no opposition, but notwithstanding, he undertook to make a canvass of the state, and when he had gotten down to Springfield, in the southwestern part of the state, and was making a speech at that place, he scared up Sample Orr, the probate judg-e of that county, who got up, made a speech, answering Jackson, declaring himself a candidate for g()\'ernor in opposition to him. This man, Sample Orr, ^-er^- much resembled .Vbraham Lincoln, and was almost as good a campaign speaker as Lincoln was, and from Springfield he followed Jackson throughout tile state, making one of the ablest and best campaigns made in the state. Jackson for a while endeavored to avoid taking sides in the campaign between Douglas and Breckenridge, but before the campaign had progressed the St. Louis Republican notified him that unless he should sup- ])ort Mr. Douglas for President, that the support of the paper would be withdrawn from him, forcing Jackson to take sides for Douglas. Then the Democratic Breckenridge party called a convention and nominated Hancock Jackson for governor. This state of affairs aroused great interest among the people. The following is the result of the election of i860, for governor, lieutenant-governor, congressman, representative and sheriff. Gardenshire, the Republican candidate for governor, received no votes in Saline countv :

Representative

As above stated, Judge Sample Orr, whose opposition Governor Jackson aroused at Springfleld. very much resembled in personal appearance Abraham Lincoln and. as experience proved, was a remarkably strong- campaigner, in this campaign for governor with Claiborne F. Jackson in i860.

Afterwards, Judge Orr was elected a member of the state convention called in 1861, where he stood up for, and voted to adhere to, the Union. But for some reason, the loyal people afterwards lost confidence in him. and he was arrested and imprisoned for a while at Jefferson City. Being ultimately paroled, in 1865, he moved to the Montana territory with his family, where he afterwards resided for many years up to his death, holding various places of public trust. He was a member of the state Senate.

As it will be seen by the foregoing tables, the Whigs carried the county in most places, except for representative in the state Legislature and for member of Congress. Doctor Hall, who was a very popular man. took his seat at the beginning of the session in Jefferson City, giving GovenK)r Jackson very earnest support in all his measures. Afterwards, he went to Neosho, where the Governor had convened the Legislature to meet in November, 1861, where he voted for the ordinance of secession, which was passed by the Legislature there.

The presidential election in November, i860, stirred the popular feelings to its greatest depth. For ten stormy years, the agitation of the slavery question had kept the people in a state of continued excitement and turmoil, and all these stormv scenes in and out of Congress culminated in the election of i860. The Democratic party itself was divided between Breckenridge and Douglas. Saline county had given a larger vote for Bell and Everett than for Douglas and Breckenridge combined. Not one vote in the county was cast for Lincoln, and Douglas carried Missouri, the only state he did carry, by a bare plurality of four hundred and twenty-nine votes. The presidential election in November was followed by a foreboding calm. Men were brought face to face at last with the disruption of the Union and the magnitude of the crisis seemed to calm and quiet both sides, but it was the calm preceding the storm. In Saline county there were very few who were really secessionists. Some saw clearly from the attitude of. the North and the South that war was imminent, but there were many in each party who were willing- to do yet what they could to bring-" about reconciliation. The people came together to discuss the troubled state of the political outlook.

Mass Meeting At Marshall

December 15, i860, a mass meeting of the citizens was called to meet in the court house to consider the disturbed condition of the country, and show the really conservative sentiment of the citizens of Saline county as late as the winter of i860 and 1861. Reference is here made to the proceedings of that meeting as given by the Marshall Democrat of that date. The ablest and best men of the county were present at that meeting, all of whom are now dead. Ex-Governor Marmaduke was called to the chair, and the editors of the two county papers were requested to act as secretaries. On motion of Colonel Allen, a committee consisting of T. R. E. Hai-vey, Dr. William iPrice, Colonel Allen, Dr. E. S. Clarkson, Hugh A. Thompson, Col. J. M. Lewis, and T. W. Gaines were appointed to draft resolutions to be submitted to the meeting. After a short absence, the committee returned with a majority and a niinorit}- report. After a warm discussion, these reports were referred to a special committee, consisting of Col. C. P. Bell, Doctor Towles, J. W. Bryant, Doctor Hardeman and E. D. Graves, and the meeting adjourned until Monday, December 17th. Governor-elect C. F. Jackson was present, taking- a leading and active part in said meeting.

On Monday a very larg'e mass meeting assemljled in the court house, and the special committee made its report, submitting the following resolutions, which after much discussion b}' Messrs. Kelly, Mitchell, McDaniel, Letcher, Governor Jackson, Clarkson and others, were finally adopted unanimously :

"Resolved, That the relation of the citizen to his government, requi ringthat he should render obedience and aid to it, while it, at the same time, extends to him security and protection, and it being a feature of the government under which we live that the citizen has the government under his control and direction, he cannot, consistently with honor or duty, abandon that government until the evils become such as to justify revolution and until a fair and honest effort to redress them by constitutional means shall have been tried and failed.

"2. That we consider the Constitution as the basis of the Uni.on, and that the Union cannot be preserved if the Constitution, and the laws made in accordance with the provisions thereof, be condemned, disregarded or nullified.

"3. That the unconstitutional and unfriendly action of the Northern states in regard to the execution of the fugitive slave law evinces a determination on their part to interfere with rights conceded to the South by the Constitution, and that the election of a president of these states upon a sectional issue is a just cause of irritation and alarm to the people of the South, that the principles upon which a Republican president has been elected, if acted out, will be a just cause for dissolution of the Union.

"4. That in this emergency it becomes all good citizens, especially those of the South, to maintain their constitutional rights - asking what the Constitution grants to them, and giving what it concedes to others.

"5. That the South should demand as conditions upon which fraternal feelings can again be restored between the North and the South, a speedy repeal of all laws made to interfere with and defeat the execution of the fugitive slave law, the punishment of citizens who do interfere to prevent its execution, and non-interference by the North with slavery in the states, in the territories, and in the District of Columbia.

as we are attached to the Union and desire its preservation, - we oi the South will heartily unite for the maintenance of our rights, if need be, out of the I'nion.

"7. That we recommend to the Legislature of the state of Missouri a rexival and reorganization of the militia laws, under such limitations and restrictions as to make it so efficient as to guard our rights against all hostile inroads.

"8. That the federal union can only be maintained and preserved by securing to the people of the several states their equal and just rights. Any attempt, therefore, to coerce by physical force any of the Southern states into the Union (in the event of secession) should be condemned by every lover of his country.

to take such steps, in concert with other states of the Confederacy, as the exigencies of the crisis may demand; and we further recommend, that all the slave-holding states meet in convention at Nashville, Tennessee, or some other point, at as early a day as such convention can possibly be assembled, to consider the imperilled condition of our country, and to concert measures to harmonize conflicting opinions, and presence the union if it can be done ; and if such desirable end cannot be accomplished, then to take measures for their own safety and union in a Southern confederacy."

The State Convention Of January, 1861

In January, 1861, the Legislature sitting in Jefferson City, passed an act to elect a state convention, and fixing the meeting on the i8th day of February, following, at Jefferson City. The delegates to said convention were to be selected from districts designated by the act. Saline county being in a district with Lafayette and Pettis counties. The election showed that the Union sentiment was very strong in this district, resulting in the election of Vincent Marmaduke from Saline county, Samuel L. Sawyer from Lafayette county, and John F. Phillips from Pettis county, who were very i)ron(mnced Union men at tliat time. The result of the election very much surprised the strong- Southern element in the county, as well as disappointing, and this condition of aft'airs lasted until the proclamation of President Lincoln, issued on the 15th of April, 1861, calling for volunteers to suppress the rebellion. A large majority of the people of these three counties were from Virginia, Tennessee and Kentucky, and while they had a strong attachment for the Union, they were opposed to coercion, or sovereign states tacked together by bayonets, and the President's proclamation produced a complete revulsion of feeling and sentiments, leaving for a time hardly any Union men in the county. The Legislature at that time was strongly Democratic and Southern, the House particularly being led by the able and alert George G. Vest, the representative from Cooper county, and when the Legislature provided for the calling of the convention, that body evidently supposed that the convention would be made up of men whose political opinions were very much in accordance with those of the Legislature, but the result proved very disappointing. When the convention assembled at Jefferson City, it was expected that the state house would be surrendered to the convention, but instead of doing that, the Legislature rented a church for the convention to assemble in, and this was regarded as shabby treatment by many members of the convention. In a speech on the subject, Mr. Vest exclaimed that "if he had his way, he would put them (the convention) in a church not made by hands but eternal in the heavens."

This Legislature adjourned sine die March 28, 186 1. It was, however, re-convened by Governor Jackson on the 22d of April, "for the purpose of enacting such laws and adopting such measures as may be deemed necessary and proper for the perfect organization and equipment of the militia of the state, and to raise money and such other means as may be required to place the state in a proper attitude of defense."

The Legislature passed the various acts suggested by Governor Jackson, one of which provided for calling out, organizing and supporting the militarv forces of the state, called "The Missouri State Guard." This bill passed within fifteen minutes after receipt of the news of the capture of Camp Jackson by the Federal troops. ,

Now, the people of Saline county had Ijeen making some preparations for the war, believing that war was obliged to come. The situation absorbed the public minds and but little else was discussed or done. Those who wanted the state to secede immediately and cast her fortunes with the Southern Confederacy were in the minority at first, but they were vastly more aggressive and earnest than the "submissionists," and this fact, together with the startling events which followed the refusal of the federal government to evacuate Fort Sumter, strengthened and increased their numbers ever}- dav.

The governor of the state was a citizen of the county, and the majority of the people looked upon him as their safe council. He was known bv his intimate personal friends to favor secession, but his position and his desire to act for the best interests of the state made him cautious and reluctant to express his sentiment. He w^as the author of many resolutions passed by the people of various counties, all expressing the strongest sympathy and looking to ultimate co-operation with the Southern Confederacy. The people of Saline county, friends and neighbors of Governor Jackson, had full confidence in him, obeying his orders cheerfully and with alacrity. Companies were soon ( rganized and made read}' under the law recently i)asse(l to take the field whenever he should call for them. One of the first companies raised was named in his honor, and was commanded by his nephew, John S. Marmadukc, who had resigned his place in the Federal army and offered his sword to his native state.

Thereafter, there was no middle ground and men were divided by sharply defined lines into Southern and Northern sympathizers, or those wdio wished Missouri to join the Confederate states, and those who desired the state to remain in the Union, of w'hich the former were very largely in the majority in this county.

The Mass Meeting At Marshall In May

The capture of Camp Jackson by the Federal troops and the killing of some men, women and children by the Federal troops on the loth of May, 1861, together with the call for troops by President Lincoln, created great excitement and apprehension and also a great change of sentiment among the people of Saline county. Under this state of excitement, a call was made for a mass meeting to assemble at Marshall to determine what measures should be adopted to resist the aggressions of the b'ederal troops. This meeting was largely attended, nearly all of the leading men of the county being present, and many of them on that day declared that they were in favor of the resistance of Federal invasion, wdio afterwards upon the arrival of Federal troops in the county shifted their positions over to the Federal side.

The meeting was organized in the court house. Judge McDaniel being elected president, and William A. \Vilson vice-president. \\'illiam A. Wilson, who had been the county clerk for fifteen or twenty years, and a popular man. brought forward a set of resolutions, strongly denouncing and reprobating the course of General Lyons of St. Louis and the President's call for troops, and calling on the people to resist coercion and asking for immediate action that would vindicate the majesty of the state.

The meeting resolved to raise funds to enlist arms and equip troops, appointing the following military committee, consisting of Dr. Crawford E. Smith, Henry S. Mills and T. W. B. Crews. Colonel Wilson and F. M. Fulker'^on. with one or two other prominent men, guaranteed the sum of five thousand dollars for arming Saline county soldiers for the purpose of resisting- invasion of the Federal troops, but these two latter-named gentlemen soon afterwards withdrew their support from resistance to Federal authority.

First Organization Of Military Companies

Some davs before this meeting at MashalK Capt. William B. Brown had organized a company of seventy or eiglit}- men, who were in camp near his residence. On the same day of this meeting. May 13th, there was a companv called the Jackson Guard organized and completed at Marshall. There was a parade by the company on that day following the election of its officers. John S. Marmaduke, who had been a lieutenant in the Federal army and a graduate of the Military Academy at West Point, was chosen captain ; Lucius J. Gaines, first lieutenant ; James H. Akin, second lieutenant ; and P. D. Craddock, third lieutenant. The company numbered oui- hundred and ten men from all parts of the county, being organized pursuant to orders of Governor Jackson for the state service, and was ordered immediately to Jefferson City for drill and other work. It was mustered in the next da}- by Colonel Clarke, district inspector.

The ladies of Marshall presented the company with a beautiful flag on the day previous to its departure to Jefferson City, May 15, 1861. The flag was designed by and constructed under directions of Mrs. John S. Davis, wife of the editor of the Democrat. Its design was the state coat of arms in blue on a white field, bound with blue and finished with blue cord and tassels. It floated over the headquarters of the state troops during their stay at Jefferson City, and the design was afterwards adopted by the authorities as the state flag of Missouri. The names of the ladies who made the flag were embroidered in the corners.

"Gentlemen of the Saline Jackson Guards : I have the honor of presenting to you, in behalf of the ladies of Marshall, with this banner, the emblem of your state, hoping you will receive it as a slight token of the high regard which is entertained by them toward you, for the valor and patriotism you have displayed in the ready willingness to go where your country calls ; and while we feel confident that its honor will ever by you be gallantly protected and sustained, we hope that it may be to you in the hour of trial and of battle an evidence of the interest that will ever be manifested by the ladies of your county in the glorious cause you have so nobly espoused, and which we hope, ])\ the assistance of a (h\'ine providence (which we in\'oke). you may be ever as able, as we know yon are willing, to maintain."

Captain Marmadnke gracefully received the flag, made an appropriate speech accepting it as a true soldier. Turning to the volunteers, asking them if they w-ere willing to stand by it, and there was a loud response, "We will! we will !" The Captain then delivered the flag over to its bearer, Sergeant R. Gaines, who delivered an elocjuent speech, in wdiich he said among other things, "We are called to repel the invasion of our territory, and our liberties as a state, and until that be effected, this banner shall float over our contending hosts. It is for you that we fight. The w'eakness of woman is no defence against the violence of fanaticism. It is to avenge the slaughter of women and children that we take up arms, and our grasps shall not be relaxed, nor our energy abated until the barbarian emissaries of a ruthless tyrant shall be driven beyond our borders. I am proud that to my keeping is permitted this banner, and though it may be shattered and torn in conflict, you have my pledge that it shall never trail in disgrace, but as the combat deepens, we will rally in the very desperation of energy, and proudly bear it aloft in the hour of victory, or compose it about us in the hour of death. It shall ever be found above us or around us."

The next day the company went in wagons to Sedalia, and thence to Jefferson City over the Missouri Pacific Railroad. On its arrival at the capital, Marmaduke was made a colonel, and Lieutenant Gaines became Captain of the company. It was well uniformed and drilled, attracting the admiration of all who saw it. This company and three other companies from the county were present at the first fight at Boonville, June 17th, famous as the first fight of any consequence after Fort Sumter between the Federal and Secession troops, and sometimes facetiously called the "Boonville Races."

At the time of the departure of the Jackson Guards to Jefferson City, there were two or three other companies wholly or partially organized in the county, awaiting marching orders. One of these, a cavalry company commanded by Capt. William B. Brown (who had been a soldier in the Mexican war), w^as raised in the eastern or northern part of the county. Another w'as called the "Saline Mounted Rifles," composed chiefly of men from Miami township. T. W. B. Crews was captain, John C. Barkley, Frank S. Robertson and O. T. Simms were, respectively, first, second and third lieutenants. Another w-as raised about Fairville (then called Fairview) by Capt. Edward J. Brown; J. H. Irwnne, R. T. Hutcherson and John H. McDaniels were the lieutenants.

flag- was presented to the company of Capt. William BrDwn by Miss Ethel Lewis, w'ho made a very fine effort in the way of a presentation speech on that occasion. Captain Brown and Sergeant Thompkins responded. The design of this flag was fifteen stars on a bine field in a corner, the remainder of the banner being in white. The ceremony took place in front of the conrt honse at Marshall. C. M. Sntherhn. Joseph Elliott and Richard Dnrrett were the lientenants of this company, which was the first cavalr\- companxorganized in Saline connty, the anthor of this Iraok being one of the high privates. Captain Crews himself states that this company- was neatlv nniformed in gray and the only nniformed Confederates to leave the connt}".

The Union Men Of Saline

\Vhile all this war preparation Avas going on, the lo}al people of the connt}-, if there were any, were doing nothing. Very few manifested a disposition to fight against their neighbors and friends. Man}- were nnable to tell which was the strong side and were waiting for this question to be determined. Some few living in the northern part of the connty crossed the river later in the season of 1861, joining the Union organizations known as "Home Guards". Others went south to Pettis connty, joining a company of Home (iuards there, and a few went to Boonville, joining Eppstein's battalion of German Unionists. There was no company of Federal troops organized in the count}- until the spring of 1862, when Ben H. A\^ilson, the son of Col. William A. Wilson, organized Company F, Sexenth Cavalry. Missouri State Militia, it being the first company of Federals organized in the county.

Camp Marshall

In July, 1861. a considerable body of state troops, at one time amounting to about three thousand, Avere camped at Robion Spring's, a short distance east of Marshall. The camp was under command of Col. Ed Price, the son of Gen. Sterling Price, and Col. Congrave Jackson, who had been a lieutenant-colonel in Doniphan's regiment in the Mexican war. Recruits from all parts of the state joined this camp, squads, companies, .'ind battalions. From northern Missouri came quite a number of volunteers, who crossed the river at Brunswick.

Camp Marshall, as it was called, was well arranged and well equipped with tents and other accommodations for the troops. Provisions and blankets had for the most part been furnished by the soldiers themselves, but what- ever was lacking was provided l)y the people of the county, large numbers of whom visited the camp from time to time. The men were mostly mounted and ref|uired food not only for themselves, but forage for their horses.

The camp was not under an\- \cr}- rigorous discipline, the military organizations being mostly new and imperfect, the men having had no previous experience in military affairs. No camp guard was established and the men went back and forth as thev pleased. At one time, a s(|uad of men refused to go on a reconnoiter because it looked like rain.

At Camp Marshall the news of the battle of Springfield and the victory won by Price and McCullough greatly elated the volunteers, who, though armed with onh- such weapons as they had at home for sporting purposes, were now more anxious than ever to join the main body of the army under Price. But some bad news was mingled with the good. Col. George W. Allen, a Saline county man and aide of General Price's, had been killed on the field of battle.

At last this camp broke up at Robion Springs, and marched away to join General Price's army, which was reached near Nevada, on September 2d, arriving- there just as the battle between General Price and Colonel Lane's forces took place at Dr}- Wood, in \^ernon county.

The First Battle Of Boonville

The battle between the state and Federal troops fought on the 17th day of June, 1861, was not only the first in which the citizens of Saline county were engaged, but also was the first engagement on land between the state and Federal troops, and may be called the actual beginning, in the West at least, of our Civil war.

In the spring of 1861, Lieut. John S. ]\Iarmaduke, of Saline, resigned his commission in the Federal army and proceeded to raise a company in his native county under Governor Jackson's call for fifty thousand state troops on the 13th of June, 1861. This company of Mamiaduke's was received immediately and mustered in. Governor Jackson at the same time being in possession of Jefferson City, the capital of the state.

Very soon after Marmaduke reached headciuarters at Jefferson City, he was elected colonel of the regiment, composed of the state troops assembled there. Soon afterwards, Governor Jackson determined to abandon the stale capital, moving westward with his forces to Boonville, forty miles above, where they began to collect and organize the state troops. But before jjroceeding very far with the organization, it was ascertained that Gen- eral Lyon with a considerable force of Federal troops had taken possession of Jefferson City and was making preparation to move on Boonville. Unfortunately,, at this juncture, General Price was taken sick at his home in Chariton county. The brigadier-generals were all in different parts of the state, organizing their commands under the call of the Governor, leaving the troops at Boonville under command of Colonel Marmaduke. They did not number over fifteen hundred men, hardly one-third of whom had an\- arms at all, and these were mostly armed with shot guns, and having no artillery present. There was a council of war held at Boonville on the evening previous to the battle, at which both Governor Jackson and Colonel Marmaduke were present, and strongly opposed to giving battle to the well appointed and well disciplined army of from fifteen hundred to two th<3usand men that was moving against them from Jeft'erson City, under General Lyon. At this council of war, the captains of the various companies were present, and several of them, particularly Capt. William Brown, of Saline countv. said they had collected there for the purpose of making a stand against the invasion of the Federal troops and they didn't intend to retreat without a fight. Captain Brown was the leader, who insisted on making a fight, and at the conclusion his views prevailed. Governor Jackson then issued orders to Colonel Marmaduke to meet General Lyon and deliver

Early the next morning, Marmaduke marched about six hundred halfarmed troops down the river about five miles below Boonville, posting them on the bluffs, where the state road rises out of the river bottom and ascends to the hills, and here they were encountered by General Lyon with some well armed regular troops, a lot of German volunteer regiments from St. Louis, and a full battery of artillery under Colonel Totten. The state troops received the first fire of the Federals with courage and unexpected steadiness, redeeming somewhat the rashness of their former counsels, and none more so than Captain Brown's company from Saline county. The explosion, however, of nine-pound shells from the enemy's battery was soon too much for them, they falling back into a wheat field on the crest of the

Here, for half an hour, they stood steadily, receiving the Federals with a fire so galling and well sustained that what before was a skirmish assumed the appearance of a real battle; but' the odds were" too great in favor of the Federals, and the state troops soon gave away, falling back towards Boonville, Marmaduke having given orders for a general retreat. ^ The state troops had by this time become satisfied that ^larmaduke was right in not wishing to give battle, and the order to retreat was obeyed with great willingness. The number of killed and wounded were, of course, at the time greatly exaggerated. Two men were killed on the Federal side and nine woumled. Two were also killed outright on the side of the state troops, both of whom were citizens of the town of Boonville. the numlier of wounded never being reported.

Shortly after the battle of Lexington, and the retreat of General Price to the southwest, the Second Missouri Federal Cavalry Volunteers, sometimes called Merrill's Horse, for Col. Lewis Merrill, made a raid through Saline county, being the first Federal troops to invade the county. The regiment, or part of it. crossed Blackwater at the Napton bridge, having passed through the yard at Judge Napton's house in the night-time before reaching the bridge, passing on to Marshall and continuing the scout to the northern part of the county. These troops committed no depredations on the citizens, the colonel in charge having been an officer in the regular army and a strict disciplinarian, who kept his men under complete control. The a|)pearance of Colonel Merrill's men in the county was regarded with much interest and some surprise. Many of the people had never seen any well armed and ecjuipped soldiers.

About the middle of December, 1861, a regiment of soldiers, nearly all of whom were residents of Saline county and destined for General Price's army, rendezvoused at Grand Pass church, and there elected their ot'ficers and effected a temporary organization. Col. Frank Robertson was elected colonel, and Alexander, lieutenant-colonel. The regiment was about one thousand strong. Captains Ruxton and Garrett were among the Saline county men elected captains on that occasion. On the i6th of December, 1861, this regiment commenced its march south, and on that same evening reached Blackwater, in Johnson county, and camped in a horseshoe bend of the creek. Worn out with their long day's march of nearly forty miles, the whole regiment slept, sentinels and pickets, and two prisoners, whom they had captured, escaped, and, it was supposed, carried the news of their whereabouts to Gen. Jeff C. Davis, who, with two or three thousand Federal troops, was marching about to intercept bodies of Southern troops who were endeavoring to make their way to Price's army.

Early the next morning the regiment found themselves surrounded in the bend of the creek by a large force under General Davis. The Federal troops had approached very close before they were observed. The regiment was immediately thrown into line of battle and (leli\ered one fire, which the Federals returned, killing one man and then retiring for about four hundred yards. General Davis then sent, under a flag of truce, a communication stating his force and position and demanding an unconditional surrender of the men under Colonel Robertson. Comparatively unarmed, and wholly undisciplined and unorganized, to fight with any hope of success was out of the question, and the whole regiment was surrendered except a few who by scattering escaped and returned home. Many of the very best and most substantial citizens were in this Blackwater capture. The prisoners, in all about six hundred, were marched to Sedalia and there put upon stock trains and in stock cars and sent to St. Louis, where they were imprisoned in the old McDowell College building. Remaining imprisoned here for some time, they were afterwards sent to Alton, Illinois, where they were imprisoned in an old penitentiary building. Some took the oath of allegiance and were released, while the majority of them were regularly exchanged and re-entered the Confederate army.

It was said that General Davis's command had information of the raising of this regiment and of its designs to join Price's army long before it broke camp in Saline county.

The year of 1861 wore on apace, the pall of war hanging heavier and heavier over Saline county, as well as over the whole state, but at the same time we had a magnificent season, the growing crops being especially flourishing and promising, and one of the finest crops of corn was grown ever produced in the county. In June, 1861, the Saline County Herald, edited by Colonel Allen, and the Democrat, edited by John S. Davis, were merged into Marshall Democrat, finally suspended July 21st, and no further effort was made to print a paper in Saline county during the war, and we were without any county paper for five years or more. The Progress was established in 1866.

About the first of July, the mails stopped in Marshall and were suspended until the county was re-organized under the Gamble provisional government in the spring of 1862. Money became exceedingly scarce, necessaries, such as sugar and coffee, were difficult to obtain and the merchants were compelled to adopt the cash system.

When Governor Gamble, then provisional governor of the state, issued his call for state militia to defend Missouri against the public enemy, that is. the Confederate state soldiers, very few individuals had up to this time enlisted or ^-olunteered in the h'ederal army. Under the stimulus of Governor Gamble's call, Union men volunteered and several companies were organized in the county, besides which many of its citizens joined military organizations elsewhere.

At the battle of Lexington. September 12, t86i. in which, after a desperate siege of eight days. Colonel Aiulligan finally surrendered, many citizens of Saline went to Lexington to witness the siege of battle. Both sides were there as mere spectators, and some were there with ritles and shotguns making war on their own hook without joining the army.

In the latter part of November, General Price issued from his camp at Osceola a second call, a most urgent and eloquent one. for fifty thousand additional men. and, stimulated by this call, large numbers of citizens prepared to join and did join his standard.

Lnmediately after the battle of Lexington. Col. A\'illiam Brown, of Saline county (promoted to colonel since the l)attle of Springfield), in command of a raw. undisciplined and half-armed regiment, recruited in Saline and neighboring counties, numbered about six hundred men. determined to attack the Federal troops at Boonville, who were there stationed in a fortified camp, instead of proceeding to the Southern army, as he was expected to do.

The Second Battle Of Boonville

Colonel Brown was a native of Kentucky and one of the bravest of men. who distinguished himself and had his courage thoroughly tested in the ^lexican war before the Civil war began. The Federal troops were strongly intrenched at Boonville in the fair grounds, in a position absolutely impregnable without the aid of artillery. Colonel Brown was earnestly advised before and after he reached Boonville not to undertake to capture this fortified camp by assault, but the same indomitable courage and headstrong rashness which characterized him at the first battle of Boon\-ille controlled him here and led him on to destruction.

The fortifications were attacked simultaneously and imj^etiiouslv at three points. On the southeast. Colonel Brown led the attack in person, making two determined assaults on the breastworks, but each time was compelled to fall back. In the second charge. Colonel Brown fell mortally wounded within a few feet of the breastworks, and his brother, Capt. Mason Brown, in command of a Saline county company also, fell dead close to him. The same result attended the assaults at both the other points, and after the death of Colonel Brown, the command devolving- on ]\Iajor Pointdexter, the cessation of hostilities ensued. Under a flag- of truce, an armistice of six days was agreed upon between the commanders, and during this time Major P'ointdexter withdrew his forces from the city, returning to opposite Glasgow, and from thence marching south to Price's army, then moving to the southwest.

In August. 1861. the state convention, then sitting at Jefferson City, by ordinance declared the offices of governor. lieutenant-go\'ernor and secretary of state vacant, and appointed Hamilton R. Gamble, of St. Louis, provisional governor, ^^'illard P. Hall, of Buchanan county, lieutenant-governor, and Mordecai Oliver, of Green county, secretary of state, proceeding then to vacate the offices of all the other state and county officials, who should fail to take the prescribed oath of allegiance and file the same b}- a certain date. At that time the county court of Saline county was composed of Robert Dysart. presiding judge, Joseph Field and A. P. Garnett, district judges : Jesse Davis, clerk ; and Darwin W. Marmaduke, sheriff. The court, under the state government of Governor Jackson, met December 3, 1861. Dysart and Field being present: Davis, clerk; and J. H. McAllister, acting sheriff, and adjourned to meet on the first Monday in February, 1862. But before that time, they having failed to take the prescribed oath, their offices had been declared vacant and the February session of the court never took place. The provisional governor, under the ordinance of the convention, had appointed three other county judges and had called the court to meet April 21, 1862. On that day, the new court did meet. "Saline County Court. "Special Term, 1862.

"Robert Dysart, Joseph Field and E. P. Garnett. late justices of the county court of Saline county, having failed to take the oath of allegiance to the government of the United States and the provisional government of the state of Missouri, as prescribed by an ordinance of "the state convention of the state of Missouri, their offices as such were in consequence thereof vacated in accordance with the provisions of said ordinance. Whereupon Lieutenant- Governor Hall, acting governor, appointed William O. ]\Iaupin. Frederick M. Fulkerson and E. W. Simms to fill said \-acancies. who. having been commissioned and qualified according to law. and having given the requisite notice as required by law, called a special term of the Saline county court to meet in Marshall, on the 21st of April, 1862.

I 58 Past And Present

"The county court, having met on said day in pursuance of said cah, William O. Maupin, F. M. Fulkerson and E. W. Simms, judges, beingpresent, and Pascal E. Maupin, coroner, proceeded to the transaction of business. I'iie judges then ])roceeded to draw lots for the terms, which resulted as follows :

"E. \\\ Simms drew the term ending August, 1862; \A'illiam O. Maupin, the term ending August. 1864, and F. M. Fulkerson, the term ending August, 1866. Then it was ordered by the court that all the attorneys at law be anc^ the same are hereby required to take and file the oath of allegiance, as prescribed by the ordinance of the state convention, before they shall be permitted to practice in this court. F. M. Fulkerson was chosen president of the court. Then it was ordered that James R. Berryman be and he is herebv appointed clerk of the Saline county court to fill the vacancy occasioned by the failure of J. F. Davis, late clerk, to take and file the oath of allegiance, as required by ordinance of the state convention."

During the winter of 1861 and 1862 there were no military movements in Saline county of very great importance or interest. There were no Federal troops occupying the county for any great length of time, and the main body of Confederates were some distance away. Recruiting officers from the Southern army visited the county, however, and were fairly successful. Squads and companies of men were organized all through the county, and made their way south to join the main army under General Price, although there were bodies of Federal troops at Tipton, Sedalia and Warrensburg. who were endeavoring to prevent this recruiting service for the Southern army.

In the spring of 1862 a company of Colonel Eppstein's regiment from Boonville came up in Saline county on a scouting expedition. The company was commanded by Capt. John D. Kaiser, numbering about sixtv men, very nearly all of whom were Germans. They made Marshall their headquarters and place of general rendezNous. the company being divided up into squads and sent about throughout the county to reconnoiter. While one of these squads, numbering about a dozen men, was marching along north of Salt Fork between Miami and Afarshall, they were suddenlv surrounded and captured without the firing of a gun by a large company of newlv recruited Confederates from the north of the Missouri river, under a Captain Small, making their way to Price's army.

These Germans were kept as prisoners for a few days on Cow creek and were confined for a time in the Rock Creek church, being guarded for a while by volunteer citizens from the immediate neighborhood. At last their comrades procured a reinforcement from Boonville and, making an incursion into the neighborhood where they were held, recaptured them at the church, bringing- them back to Marshall without difficulty. The church was set on fire and destroyed. Upon meeting each other, the two detachments of prisoners and their rescuers indulged in a joyful jabber in German, which was kept up long after their arrival at Marshall.

One of the volunteers who guarded the Germans at the Rock Creek church was a young man who had returned a few months before from service in Price's army, his term having expired. He therefore was performing military duty while not in military service, a very serious violation of the laws of war.

The first United States troops regularly stationed in Marshall came in April, 1862. Captain Wakefield's Irish company of the Seventh Regiment Missouri Infantry Volunteers, Col. John D. Stephenson's regiment. From this time on, Marshall was almost continuously a post occupied by Federal troops. Captain Wakefield's company remained only a short time, being succeeded in May or June, 1862, by a battalion oi the Seventh Regiment, Missouri Cavalry Volunteers, under Major McKee. Under the general orders of General Fremont, declaring marshal law throughout the state. Major McKee established the post and appointed Captain Love of Company L, of the same regiment, provost-marshal of Saline county. Major McKee remained in command only two or three months, being succeeded by Lieut. -Col. W. A. Wilson, of Marshall, then of the Seventy-first Regiment Enrolled Missouri Militia. A large force of Confederates had organized under Colonel Cockrell, Jackman, Coffey and others, and were in Jackson and Johnson counties, threatening Kansas City and Lexington. Colonel Huston, then in command of Lexington, called in all the militia of Lafayette and Saline counties to defend the post. A big fight was expected and it came off, but at Lone Jack, in Jackson county, instead of Lexington.

Upon the receipt of his orders from General Totten, Major McKee issued the following order to Lieut. A. Burnsides, of the Seventy-first Enrolled Missouri Militia :

"Headquarters Detach. Seventh Cav. Mo. Vol., "Marshall, Missouri, August 9. 1862. "Lieutenant : Orders have just been received from General Totten, by telegraph, directing that the companies of the Seventh Cavalry now at Marl6o PAST AND I'RESENT shall, and all loyal militia of Saline county be ordered, forthwith, to march to Lexington. \'oii will, as soon as possible, on receipt of this communication, marcli, with your entire command, including the militia, to this post. You will, before leaxing, publish an order, directing all the loyal citizens between the prescribed ages in Saline county to repair forthwith to Lexington, and state therein that all who do ncH come will be held as traitors and hereafter can claim no protection from the Federal goxernment. Vou will subsist and forage the militia upon the rebels of all shades. When it is absolutely necessary to take from Union men. give them receipts in the name of the state of Missouri. Arms and ammunition will be furnished at Lexington to those who ha\'e not got them.

"The above is an carder of Col. Daniel Huston, received by me this day. Bring all the arms and ammunition you can raise ; also for every man that has a horse, to bring him. Vou must provide yourselves with the necessary cooking utensils and blankets. Let every man bring with him two or three days' provisions, and report yourselves at this post immediately. I shall move from this post Tuesday at 12 o'clock.

Colonel Wilson w-as in command of the post at Marshall until June, 1863, when he was succeeded by Alajor George W. Kelly, of the Fourth Cavalry, Missouri State Militia, who continued in command for some months.

"In consecjuence of apprehended trouble from guerrilla bands, at this time infesting the country, no court was held according to adjournment. The court thereupon gave legal notice that a special term of said court would be held at the court house in Marshall on the 15th day of September ,1862.

In the early spring of 1862 quite a number of the L'nion men of Saline county enlisted in the Federal seiwice in the various companies then being formed in the county. Many men who had been secessionists at the breaking out of the troubles now became ardent loyalists, ready to justify their pretensions and seal their faith Avith their blood. The imposing display made bv the Federal troops that had passed through the county, their superior equipment to the half-armed, half-clad Confederates; the magnitude of the preparation then being made by the authorities at Washington "for the suppression of the rebellion;"' the continual demonstration of the immense resources of the North, and the probable failure ultimately of the Southern Confederacy, and the certainty of good pay in money nearly par value - these considerations may have moved some to abandon the stars and bars and rally around the "old flag." And, yet, without any positive evidence that this is so, it is but fair and just to believe that there was an actual change of heart, honest and sincere, among these men. and that they abandoned the Confederate and embraced the Union cause for the reason that they believed the former to be wrong and the latter to be right.

The main reason and inducement for the change of sentiment with manv was to secure protection for property. As one prominent man said, 'T have no use for any government except to protect my property, and I intend to support the federal government hereafter because it affords some prospect of protection to property." He had recently been a Confederate.

March 24, 1862, Capt. R. L. Ferguson, then of Miami, received a commission to recruit a company for the Seventh Regiment of Enrolled Missouri Militia. The company (B) was made up of men from Saline and other counties in this part of the state. April 17, 1862, Capt. Ben H. Wilson and Lieut. John S. Crane recruited Company F of the same regiment, mostly in Saline county.

The Seventh Regiment, whose colonel was John F. Phillips, afterwards member of Congress, and now United States district judge, and whose lieutenant-colonel was T. T. Crittenden, afterwards governor of the state, did a ereat deal of service for the Union cause from first to last in Missouri.

Fighting Begins In Earnest

Hitherto there had been no collisions between the forces in this county of any consequence, but from the spring of 1862 to the close of the war there were many small skirmishes and unimportant encounters between the Confederates and Union men, or Federals. These were for the most part between scouting parties of the Federal militia and the Confederate partisan rangers, or "bushwhackers," or "guerrillas," as they were termed - the latter being organizations led by men who held no military commissions, but did as they pleased or as they could. They lived on the countrv^, armed and uniformed themselves, and took their pay out of what they could capture.

The Fight At Meadow Springs

In May, 1862, Captain Hawk, of a company ui Iowa r>deral cavalry, had been stationed at Waverly for some time, and being informed ]}\ two negroes belonging to Baltimore Thomas that some bushwhackers were near that place, he immediately started with his company in pursuit of them. Following up the trail into the timber north of Mr. Thomas's house, they came upon seventeen guerrillas seated around what is known as Meadow Springs eating their breakfast, and immediately charged them. The guerrillas at once scattered and took refuge in the brush. A sharp fight ensued, resulting in the death of Lieutenant Wood, whose breast was riddled with buck shots, and the wounding of Captain Hawk in his right arm. The guerrillas made good their escape. Captain Hawk was tenderly cared for at the residence of George Hall, a Southern man in Waverly, and the dead lieutenant was buried with military honors at the Waverly graveyard at night, making a most impressive scene.

The guerrillas were commanded by Capt. William B. Edwards, afterwards belonging to Shelby's regiment, and was known as "Squirreltail" Edwards from the circumstance of his having worn a scjuirreltail in his hat, while he was in command of this irregular organization. He afterwards deserted Shelby's regiment and engaged in robbing down in the state of Arkansas, and was killed by a company of Arkansas Confederate militia.

War During 1 863

Saline county during the year 1863 was under almost exclusive control of the Federal troops, as it had been from Febmary, 1862. Garrisons were stationed at Marshall, Arrow Rock and Miami for the greater part of the time. Federal scouting parties were almost constantly moving through the country from one side to the other. Federal militia were organized, armed and equipped in various places. Federal officials held all the offices in the county.

Federal rule, however, was ^-ery obnoxious to the majority of the people. It was distasteful for many reasons, and obnoxious because it was oppressive and because it was Federal and not Confederate. There was no way of concealing the fact that a large majority of the people of Saline county were at heart Confederates and sympathizers with the Southern cause, although many of them had been Union people at the beginning of hostilities ; but the course of Federal commanders, and the conduct of soldiers under them, had changed them to pronounced Confederate sympathizers, and, in fact, made many of them Confederate soldiers. There were some who wished to take no part in the fighting then going on, desiring to remain at home to pursue their ordinary vocation in peace, desiring also that the soldiers of both armies should keep out of their neighborhoods and avoid fighting in the vicinity. They neither wished to fight against the flag of the stars and stripes, nor against their own race, neighbors and kindred.

But the Federal theory of war was that there were only two parties, those favoring the Union and those against it. There could be no such thing as neutrality. He that was not for them was against them, and he that favored them must show his faith by his works and take part in the Avar. Hence they called on men freely for their property, and their services, demanding ready compliance. 'Tf you are a loyal man you will not complain. If you are a rebel it but serves you right," was the usual reply to any remonstrance, protest or expostulation.

This theory had its advocates among the Confederates, who often carried it into practice, and it was probably the correct one .after all. While war exists, and in its immediate presence, men owing military duty can hardly expect to work a corn field in peace when every day there is a probability that it may be the scene of a cavalry charge and plowed by shot and shell.

In Saline county the people felt the hand of war heavily and there was destruction on every side. Bands of militia dail\- rode up to the houses of men of Southern inclination, demanding food for themselves and provender for their horses, obtaining them without money, or offering or giving anything in return. Companies of Confederates paid similar visits to the homes of Union people. Horses were pressed into service and provisions and material were confiscated by both parties. Excesses of various kinds, not to say outrages, were perpetrated daily. The scoundrels and villains of both sides enjoyed fine opportunity to pillage, rob and kill. The details of many instances of these crimes against humanity, and even against the laws of war, ought not to be perpetuated in history and will be passed over here.

There were a considerable number of encounters in the county, too manv and too unimportant to be enumerated. The principal military event was a march bv General Shelbv, at that time a colonel, across the county, and generally designated as Shelby's raid.

In Seplen]l)er, 1863, Col. Joseph O. Shell)y, at that time with the Trans- Mississippi department of the Confederate army in Arkansas, selected a body of men from the Missouri cavalry regiments to go on a march up through Missouri, through the countn- where he had formerly lived and where the most of his men had formerly lived. The object of the excursion through Missouri was to obtain recruits for the Confederate army from the many yet remaining in Missouri, but wdio w-ere strong symi)athizers of the Southern cause. Some of these people had seen more or less service already and w-ere at home on parole. Another object was to capture supplies from the Federals and to let the w^orld, and especially the people of Missouri, know that this portion of the American soil w^as still claimed as a part of the Confederate states and w-as not expected to be abandoned. The presence of a Confederate force was thought to be necessan^ to restore and maintain confidence with those who had begun to doubt the success of their cause, which had no other representatives in this territory but the guerrillas, and who had for months been under the control of Federal troops.

Just how many men Colonel Shelby had with him when he left Arkansas cannot now be knowm. Major John N. Edw^ards,* of Shelby's staff, placed the number at eight hundred.

There w-ere Shelby's regiment, commanded by Capt. George P. Gordon; Shank's regiment, commanded by himself; Thompson's regiment, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Hooper; Elliott's battalion and two guns of

*John Newman Edwards, journalist and soldier, was born January 4, 1838, at Front Royal, Virginia, and died May 4, 1889, at Jefiferson City, Missouri. His parents were John and Mary (Newman^ Edwards, both natives of Virginia.

Major John Newman Edwards received a common school education in Warren county, afterward studying Latin and Greek in Washington City. While but a boy, he learned typesetting on the Front Royal Gazette, and at the age of fourteen years wrote a story which won the commendation of his mother, a woman of strong intellect and who encouraged him to better efforts. Shortly afterward, at the solicitation of his relative, Thomas J. Yerbj^ of Lexington, Missouri, he removed to that place, where he worked at his trade until the beginning of the Civil war. He joined the command of Gen. J. O. Shelby, and became brigadier-adjutant, with the rank of major, and was made adjutantgeneral of the division when his chief succeeded to that command. The fortunes of the two were joined throughout the war. Major Edwards participated in all the battles of this famous corps and made a brilliant reputation as a soldier. He was engaged in some fifty actions of more or less consequence, and was several times severely wounded. In the attack on Cape Girardeau, a fragment of shell tore away the inside of his leg and he lay all night without surgical attention. He was found by the Federal soldiers, and was personally cared for by Gen. John McNeil. Major Edwards remembered the kindness, and

Collins' battery, in charge of Lieut. David Harris, when the expedition started. Afterwards, it was joined by Colonel Cojffey's and Colonel David Hunter's regiments, making a force of probably one thousand men. One of the guns was a ten-pound steel Parrott gun captured at Springfield from the Federals, and the other was a six-pounder brass piece captured from the Federals at the battle of Lone Jack in August, 1862.

This expedition started from the camp on the Washita river in southern Arkansas, September 22, 1863. They struck straight for central Missouri. It seemed a desperate undertaking to ride with so small a force into what was virtually the enemy's country, occupied as it was with Federal troops at nearly every county seat and important town, which were easy to concentrate into a very formidable force upon either of his flanks, front or rear, or upon all sides; but Shelby was a desperate fighter, who took desperate chances, and his men were ever ready to follow him wherever he should lead. They would do this upon any occasion, and more willingly now, as they were going back to old Missouri, and they were all, or nearly all, natives of the state. Such a ride meant iron endurance, with almost incessant fighting, and the alternative of death or capture.

On the night of October 10, 1863, the regiment encamped on the farm of Judge Nathaniel Leonard, south of Boonville in Cooper county, and the next day marched into the town, capturing it and the garrison stationed there. Major Leonard, of Fayette, in Howard county, had shortly afterward reached the river bank with his two hundred and fifty Federal militia. and a ferry-boat load of the same started across the river to Boonville, not knowing that it was occupied by rebel troops. When the ferry-foat had when his benefactor was most bitterly assailed, spoke well of him. He was exchanged soon after the Cape Girardeau affair, rejoined his command, and remained with it until the end of the war. He then accompanied Shelby and his fragmentary "Iron Brigade" southward. They sank their battle flag in the Rio Grande river, crossed into Mexico, and for more than a year acted in conjunction with the French army. Major Edwards became a favorite with Maximilian and the unfortunate Princess Carlotta. He assisted in establishing the Mexican Times newspaper, and there wrote his book, "An Unwritten Leaf of the War."

In 1867 Major Edwards returned to the United States and became a reporter on the St. Louis Republican. In 1868, in connection with Col. John C. Moore, he established the Kansas City Times, w^ith which he remained until 1873, when he took employment with the St. Louis Dispatch, subsequently following its chief, Stilson Hutchins, to the St. Louis Times. While connected with the latter paper occurred his duel with Col. Emory S. Foster, of the St. Louis Journal. He subsequently conducted the Sedalia Democrat, and afterward founded The Dispatch, which was but sliort-lived. For a time he was managing editor of the St. Joseph Gazette, from which he was recalled to the editorial charge of the Kansas City Times, occupying that position until his death, which resulted from heart reached llie middle of the stream, it was confronted by the two guns of Collins' battery, one of which sent a shot, passing- through the upper works of the boat, but not hurting- anybody. The Ijoat immediately turned al:)out, returning- to the Howard side as soon as possible, followed by two or three niore shots of the artiller}-. The guns continued to play on the troops as they landed, and accordingly they beat a hasty retreat, not stopping until they reached Fayette. Colonel Crittenden, afterwards governor of the state, with a detachment of the Seventh Cavalry, Missouri State Militia, w-as in sig-ht of Boonville on a steamboat bound u[) the ri\'er, and becoming- aware of the condition of affairs at Boonville, very discreetly landed on the northern shore.

Colonel Shelby took complete military possession of Boonville, placing guards around the stores and appropriating all the supplies needed by his troops, consisting of clothing, provisions, etc. He left Boonville for iMarshall on the morning of the 12th of October. Gen. K. B. Brown with a force of Missouri State Militia marched his command in pursuit of Shelby, it seems impossible at this time to tell with how many troops. There were about six hundred and fifty men of the First Missouri State Mihtia, under Lieut. -Col. B. F. Lazear ; three hundred and fifty of the Fourth Missouri State Militia under Major G. W. Kelly; a portion of the Missouri State Militia under Col. John F. Phillips (since a member of Congress, and now- United States judge at Kansas City, Missouri), and also some enrolled militia under Major Walker Ware, of Boonville.

Sunrise on the 12th found Shelby on his march for Saline and Lafayette counties, the homes of very many of his men. Instead of traveling the main road from Boonville to Marshall, he deflected to the southwest on the failure, at Jefferson City, May 4, 1889. The Legislature, which was in session, adjourned out of respect to his memory. Both houses of the General Assembly, headed by Governor Francis, accompanied the remains to the depot, and a special car, provided by the Missouri Pacific Railway, conveyed the funeral party to Dover, where services were conducted by the Rev. George Plattenburg, a cousin of j\Irs. Edwards. The death of Major Edwards produced a profound sensation throughout the state, and the press of the entire country teemed with tributes to his memory. He was a peerless soldier, and, while abating nothing of his loyalty to the cause for which he had fought, or of affection for his comrades in battle, he deprecated the continuance of ill feeling and philosophically accepted the results of the bitter struggle. He was a surpassingly brilliant writer. His volumes of war amlals present vivid scenes of the events treated upon and w-ill be of great value to future historians. His editorial writings have never been surpassed in journalism. They were marked with independence of thought and expressed in vigorous English. Despising cant and pretense, he condemned the one in humor and punctured the other with the keenest thrusts of sarcasm. His heart warmed to all in suffering and distress, and the poetic element of his nature responded to their need for sympathy in touching phrase.

Sedalia road, pursuing" it for several miles in order to cross the Lamine river at tlie Dng ford, instead of the regular crossing on the main state road. All the morning- his rear guards skirmished with Brown's advance. Colonel Lazear and other officers of the Federal force were anxious to hring on a general engagement he fore he crossed the Lamine. but for some reason (ieneral Brown would not permit such action. He had been inf(jrmed by what he considered good authority, that the Confederates outnumbered him. and probably he may have been expecting and waiting for reinforcements from General Ewing's command, a portion of which was at Sedalia and could easilv have been moved in Shelby's front.

At the Dug ford of the Lamine Shelljy, having crossed the river. ambushed Hunter's battalion, Jones', Langhorn's, Ferrell's and Lee's companies upon the west bank of the stream. When Brown's advance was almost across, it was subjected to a terrible and destructive fire from the carbines and revolvers of the concealed Confederates and driven back with a loss of from eight to ten men killed and three times that many wounded. Major Edwards' account of this affair places the number of Federals killed and wounded at one hundred and eleven, while Levens and Drake's "History of Cooper County" says there were two Federals killed.

The author of a former history of Saline says no attempt will be made to reconcile the wide discrepancy of the various reports of this fight. \\ hat is here stated has been derived from participants in the Dug ford fight upon either side, and the Federal surgeon, who cared for the wounded, among others.

The Confederates were not troubled any more that day until the evening when near Salt Fork, a mile or two below the town of Jonesboro. Here the Federals limbered up a section of artillery, two brass six-pound guns from Thurbers' Missouri Battery opening fire upon Shelby's rear. Harris's gims returned the fire and one Federal and one C(Mi federate were killed. The Federal had both legs shot (^ff. The Confederate was buried where he fell near the roadside.

The Fight At Marshall

Shelby marched on that day to the farm of Lsaac Xave. where he camped for the night. His camp fires were in plain sight of those of General Brown, and the pickets were still close to each other. Shelby's men helped themselves freely to the supplies, which were found in abundance upon the Nave farm, and made fire-wood of a great many fence rails. During the evening Mr. Nave visited Shelby's headcjuarters and was paid five hundred dollars in Confederate money for his property that had been used or destroyed. The following account of the movements of Colonel Shelby and his forces and also those of the Federals is taken from ''Shelby and His J\Ien," a book written several years after the close of the war by Major John N. Edwards. This account by Major Edwards of the battle of Marshall is copied here, not so much on account of its historical accuracy or value, but as a sample of the literature of the Civil war, on the Southern side, here in Saline county. The Major certainly drew on his imagination to a considerable extent in describing the fight between the opposing forces at Marshall. There was, though, undoubtedly a great deal of firing at long distance with small arms between the contending forces that day, though so far apart as to be not very effective or destructive of life. Two men, who were soldiers in that engagement, are yet living at Marshall in this year, 1909, Col. James Gordon, president of the Farmers Saving Bank, and Capt. C. L. Minor, the latter being badly wounded in this fight, and a comrade of the former was killed in such proximity to him as to strike him when he fell to the ground. Captain Minor had a leg broken, preventing further service for a length of time.

"A wet, clinging morning, cold and disagreeable, came at last, and Shelby began the march early for Marshall. There might be danger ahead, and he expected it, but not so sudden and appalling. When within two miles of Marshall, Thorp sent a swift courier. Weed Marshall, back with information that a heavy body of Federals were forming in his front. 'Charge them !' was the laconic order. 'But, Colonel, they are four thousand strong.' replied the heroic Thorp, as he formed for the desperate attempt. 'Ah, what?' said Shelby; 'four thousand devils! Then we are in for it deeper than I expected.'

''True enough, just emerging from the little prairie town of Marshall and forming their lines so as to cover it, could be seen four thousand Federals, of all arms, under General Ewing. * * * * Previous to Shelby's advance into the state, Ouantrell had destroyed Lawrence and annihilated Blunt's escort at Fort Webster, which concentrated a large force immediately to pursue him, and this force, after his escape south, had returned to meet Shelby and crush him wherever encountered. In conjunction also with Ewing came General Brown from Jefferson City, with four thousand additional troops in the rear, and when at last Shelby was brought to bay, eight thousand soldiers girt him round with walls of steel. Two miles east of ]\Iarshall ran Salt Fork, a stream sometimes deep and rapid, but now offering small impediments against its crossing. A large bridge spanned it where the main road crossed, which he immediately destroyed after everything had passed, and Colonel Shelby then called up Alajor Shanks, commanding the rear battalion, and said to him, very calmly, but with the deliberate utterance of a man terribly in earnest : 'Major, General Brown will be here in half an hour. How long can you hold this crossing with two hundred against four thousand?' 'As long as you wish it, Colonel - an hour, a day or a week.' 'Very well; I shall attack Ewing in front and endeavor to drive him from my path, but it is an up-hill business, I fear. However, if it takes just two hundred of your two hundred men, and yourself besides, never let go your hold on yonder stream until I order it; and when you do come to me come like the wind, for I shall be pressed to the wall before I cry for help.' 'Mounted or dismounted, Colonel, had I better form?' asked Shanks, as if the most ordinary commission in life had been given him. 'Dismounted, for your horses' sake. They will all be needed.' "Shanks threw forward two companies on either flank for a mile up and down the river and waited coolly for the avalanche. Shelby galloped to the front after grasping this peerless officer's hand as one he never expected to see again. The Confederate war for independence furnished no grander example of heroic courage and defiance than was exhibited this day by Marshall town. The battlefield, rent and broken by hug'e gullies, and covered with a thick growth of hazel bushes, was peculiarly unfitted for the desperate charge Colonel Shelby intended to make squarely upon Ewing's center, and he was forced to dismount his brigade and fight at a disadvantage. Hunter and Coffey were on the extreme right, operating directly against the town, Hooper in the center and Gordon on the left. Ewing formed his lines in the shape of a V". the point resting on Marshall and the tAvo prongs extending to the right and left of Shelby's position, thus enfilading his lines with artillery and musketry. Lieutenants Ferrell and Plattenburg, leading the skirmishers on the left, sprang away from Gordon's lines and engaged fiercely. Hunter and Coffey advanced upon the right through the dense bushes and under a dreadful fire, while Hooper and Gordon, moving' up to support their skirmishes, the action became bloody almost immediately. Eighteen pieces of artillery concentrated upon Shelby's two guns a withering fire, and not a portion of his lines were exempt from the bullets of the enemy. A charge along the whole front drove Ewing back upon the town, forced him to change his position and retire two of his batteries, which were admirablv served. He in turn concentrated upon Hunter and Coffey, and drove them a short distance with a severe loss, but Hooper swiuginj^- around !)}- a well executed llank movement, swept Ewing's left \vin<^' bloodil)- back and followed tlie survivors into tlie streets of the to\\u. b'resh masses ])oured from the rear, and made good the losses, and the battle raged evenly for two hours, eight hundred men fighting four thousand and driving them at all points. Confederates fell fast and Colonel Shelby saw^ go by him to the rear his best and bra\'est. now all pale and bloody, and the dark hour was on Saul. Ewing extended his cavalry to Salt Fork above and below, and thus rounded completely the little band of determined men fighting for dear life. Look where one would, the prairie was dark with uniforms and gristling with glittering steel.

"In the rear, the conflict was darker still. Brown hurled his forces upon Shanks' in wave after wave, that burst in spray of skirmishes, and recoiled before the grim shore beyond held by two hundred desperate men. As the artillery fire deepened and rolled over the field, great cheers arose from the friendly ranks now closing and shoutiug around their prey. Shanks, enveloped and almost overpowered, fought on with a desperation rarely ecjualled. Brown bn^ught up his artillery, and swept the position with a hurricane of balls, but could not dislodge his enemies. Shanks asked for one piece of artillery to stem the hot tide, but it could not be given. Shelby only shouted back from his ow^i gloom : 'For half an hour. Shanks ; for half an hour, until I mount my men.' The woodwork of one of his Parrot guns had Ijeen shot into shreds, both wheels gone, and the trail clear broken. Even then he tried to save his darling cannon, and attempted to lift it into an ammunition wagon. The wagon, too, was shot away, and eight men fell around it. From all sides now death came leaping and insatiate. Brown extended his lines beyond the utmost of Shanks' skirmishers and crossed Salt fork three miles below the bridge, pouring up and joining Ewing by regiments. Fraternizing and shouting like devils, they came down upon the left as a vast torrent. But Shelby was prepared, his men mounted and closed up. solid and defiant, while the ammunition wagons had six drivers detailed to each team to whip them through with the charge. On the extreme left of Ewing's line could be seen drawn up across the only road at all practicable a splendid Federal Missouri regiment, with infantry skirmishes in front, in groups behind corn-shocks. Shelby determined to hurl his whole force upon this regiment, and crush it or double it back upon the center. The object was to break through the lines, now strengthening every moment, even if it required the sacrifice of half the brigade. With this view he recollected Shanks, and ordered him to fall back immediately, but that devoted officer was so hard j)ressed and crippled that he mounted his men with difficulty, and had to form and fight three times before he traveled the half mile between his position and Colonel Shelby's. Meantime, the danger thickened each moment, and Shanks had not arrived. Knowing he could well take care of himself, and believing that he would come up by the time the encircling lines of the enemy were broken. Colonel Shelby ordered the final charge in column, leading himself, though entreated not to take so much exposure. It was a fearful moment. The thin, gray wedge dashed down full upon the enemy's line, receiving the fire of three full batteries, but killing the skirmishers behind the corn-shocks in dozens. The Federal regiment swayed slightly as Shelby neared it, and from both wings the infantry double-quicked for its relief. Too late! That column, fierce as a full-fed river, and canopied in powder clouds, as the men fired right and left, swung into line with the rush of a whirlwind, and grappled with the foe, standing bravely to see the issue through. Short work and very bloody. A few first fell away from the flanks panic stricken ; the regiment then qui\-- ered and shook, from end to end. until. hea\'ing and collapsing to an impulse as swift and vivid as the lightning's flash, it broke away toward Alarshall. hopelessly rent and scattered, ^^'ith this charge came the wagons, clattering along as fast as the fastest horsemen, and went through the gap white and huge as the new sails of a staunch, fleet frigate. Daylight ahead now, for in that thundering charge the entire left wing of Ewing's four thousand men gave way in wild disorder, and but for the arriving masses of Brown's division the day would have been lost to Ewing. Colonel Shelby knew salvation to be near at hand, and halted, even there, to wait for Shanks, giving time for new columns of attack to be formed against him and fresh forces to join in the battle; but Shanks could not reach him. Surrounded, hemmed in, fighting hand to hand, and bleeding at every step, he turned directly east, at the point where Colonel Shelby turned west, and cut through everything before him to the timber, bringing oiT the remaining piece of artillery in safety.

"Seeing Shanks cut off, and Brown throwing his whole force between them, Shelby determined to retreat toward Waverly, believing that Shanks' indomitable pluck and sagacity would carry him through, and whether they did or not, Shelby was powerless to assist him, and even his owai safety could not entirely be counted upon as certain, for great masses of cavalry came thundering after him, evidently bent on mischief. Capt. Reck Johnson held the rear, and repulsed two severe charges of the enemy ; but he, too, sent for help, and received two more companies under Edwards and Crispni. With these he held the pursuers in check until darkness settled down, good and black, and the brigade had gained the river road leading to \\'a\-erl>-.

"A short halt for tliree hours gave time for a Httle rest and feeding, wlien sixty rounds of ammunition were issued to the men, and the wagons, now perfectly useless, since all the cartridges had heen used or distril)uted, were sunk many fathoms in the Missouri river."

The Federal account of this battle dififers very materiallv from that gi\'en by Major Edwards. Horace Greeley in his historv of the American conflict says that Shelby was pursued by a hastily gathered body of Missouri militia under Gen. E. B. Brown, who struck them October 12th, near Arrow Rock at nightfall, fighting them till dark, renewing the attack at eight next morning, and putting them to flight with the loss of some three hundred killed, wounded and prisoners, and further, upon the strength of a dispatch from General Brown to General Schofield, commanding at St. Louis, the latter officer telegraphed the next day to the Federal authorities at Washington, the following: "Major-General Halleck, General-in-Chief.

"General Brown brought the rebels under Shelby to a decisive engagement yesterday. The fight was obstinate and lasted five hours. The rebels were finally completely routed and scattered in all directions with loss of their artillery and baggage, and a large number of small armed prisoners. The enemy's loss in killed and wounded is very great. Ours is also large. Our troops are still ])ursuing the flying rebels.

So it seems there was a wdde difference between the official accounts of the battle of Marshall, but as a matter of fact, there was a great deal of firing between the forces without any great loss or serious results, the combatants being too far apart and too much sheltered by the irregular ground that was covered with young timber. Consequently, the loss on either side was not so great as it was reported to be. The number of \\ounded on either side was about twenty-five. Of these, the Confederates were the worst injured because they were shot with muskets and rifle balls, while the Federals were wounded with carbine and revolver bullets of comparatively small calibre. Six Confederates afterwards died of their wounds, eighteen were taken prisoners, but not a single Federal.* Shelby's men made no effort to take prisoners. Those killed on the field were buried on Mr.

* Some years after the Civil war, the late Col. ^''incent !\Iannaduke, on meeting General Brown, who was in command of the Federals following General Shelby, asked him w^hy he did not capture Shelby and his men at Marshall. General Brown said that his forces were in ample number to do so, but the regiments were made up of raw men, who he could not rely upon to stand up against such veterans as were following Shelb\-, and for that reason he did not undertake to capture him.

Mooney's place. Those who died in the hospital were buried a few yards from where they died, the hospital being at the eastern edge of Marshall, on the Arrow Rock road, in the house of "Black" Johnson, who was absent from home.

A former historian of Saline county, says : WTiile the two forces of Brown and Shelby were encamped on the Nave farm, as before stated. Brown conceived the idea of dividing his forces and sending a portion of it in front of Shelby, and in that way place the Confederates between two fires. Accordingly Lieutenant-Colonel Lazear was directed to take his command, numbering about three hundred and fifty men, and Major Kelly with about the same number, and Johnson's battery of four guns, and make a circuit flanking Shelby to the southwest by way of Hook's mill on Salt Fork, thence to Marshall, and take up the position at Marshall, and await the advance of Shelby. Major Kelley, with a battery of Fourth Missouri Militia, had the advance. He moved at three o'clock in the morning, crossing at Salt Fork at the old Hook's mill ford, arriving in Marshall about sunrise. At once, he sent out pickets on the Arrow Rock and Miami roads. The pickets on the Arrow Rock road were stationed on top of the hill over the bridge just east of Salt Fork. Kelley scattered his men about the east and southeast part of the town to get breakfast. Lieutenant-Colonel Lazear with his command of the First Missouri Militia started from Brown's camp immediately after Kelley, but got on the wrong road, and in the darkness did not get to Marshall until after the battle had commenced. Kelley's men had hardly finished their breakfast when the pickets on the Arrow Rock road galloped into town and reported Shelby's approach. Kelley instantly mounted his men and pushed out to dispute the road with the Confederates. At the edge of towni, he dismounted and leaving every fourth man to take care of the horses, he drew a portion of his force across the road, sending the remainder down into a deep ravine, running nearly parallel with the road. Just as he had completed this formation, Colonel Lazear arrived with the head of his command, the remainder following rapidly after him. Major Kelley here turned over the command to Lazear, who was the senior officer. Lazear did not disturb the position of Kelley's men, but sent his own regiment across the road to the left dismounting them, and leaving most of the horses in Marshall.

When Shelby's advance struck the Federal pickets, Shelby himself rode liack along his line, ordering his men, in his short, nervous manner to 'Close up! Close up!' and adding, 'There is trouble ahead.' He had heard when near Boonville that General Ewing was at Sedalia with a considerable force of l<"e(lerals, and he believed that this force had been marched across the country and was now confronting- him. Tlie truth was, howexer, that neither Ciencral Ewing- nor an}' of his command were at Alarsliall at that time. She!l)\- pushed his wliole force ra])idly across Salt Fork, leaving- Major Shanks and Hunter to guard his rear with about two hundred and fifty men. He placed his two cannon on top of the hill west of the stream in plain view of his encnu' and the town in front of the mad to Hook's mill crossing to his left, along which Lazear's command was hurrying. Captain Thorpe with al)out tiftv men (some say seventy-five) was ordered to charge up the main road and into Marshall, on Kelly's command across the road, and feel of and discover the Federal strength. The charge was made in gallant style, but the Federals down in the ravine gave their enemies a flanking fire as they passed up the road and those in front stood their ground, and Thorpe soon retreated, losing three or four men, only one of whom was killed, however. He reported to Shelby that it was im^xossible for him to break through the Federal lines, and the Confederate commander was confirmed in the belief that it was Ewing, who was at his front.* Thereupon, he arranged his lines, and prepared to fight it out to the best advantage possible, determining to escape to the northwest westward, and pass into Lafayette county

"Dear Sir: - Vour favor of the i6th inst. is received. Neither I nor any of my command participated in the engagement at Marshall, October 13, 1863, between the Confederates, under General Shelliy, and the Union forces, under General Brown.

General Thomas Ewing, who wrote the foregoing letter, acquired a reputation for cruelty by issuing what was known as Order No. Eleven, an order requiring the removal of all citizens from the country in the counties of Jackson, Cass and Bates, which order made him odious to all Southern jjcople in this section. The execution of the order caused great hardship and suffering, many of the houses of the country people being burned by the Federal troops after they were abandoned by their owners.

lUit General Ewing did not appear to be harsh, cold-blooded or cruel as a civilian after the war was over. Years afterward ( 1876J the author met General Ew^ing at the Democratic national convention at St. Louis, being introduced to him by Major Edwards, who thought he was lighting Ewing and his forces at Marshall, hawing was an exceedingly handsome man, appearing to the author as i)articularly amiable and gentlemanly in his manners and conduct, there being nothing about him to indicate cruelty, brutality or harshness towards others. But, notwithstanding, be ne\er reco\ered from the reputation gained by ( )rder Xo. Eleven, thai had, in the meantime, been represented and perpetuated on canvas by the Missouri artist. Gen. George C. Bingham, who also fought on the Federal side, as General Ewing did.

Harris' two guns opened on the Federals and kept up a xigorous tire for some time, mainly directed against the town. Gordon's regiment was sent to the left (^f the road, dismounted, the Imrses left in a ra\-ine, and the regiment deployed and marched obliqueh' in line against Kelly's men down in the ravine. Gordon's men were as game as any of those in the fight, but they were driven back 1)}- the militiamen in the hollow, who kept themselves concealed and their numbers unknown. On the retreat, some of Gordon's men rallied around an old log house, but a couple of shots from a Federal gun on a hill on the road to Hook's mill drove them away. Thev fell back, and eventually were sent over to the right of the road, where thev co-operated with the main body in the principal fight. Some of Gordon's men were wounderl in the assault on the ravine, and one John Corbin, a Lafavette county man, was mortally wounded, falling against Orderly-Sergeant J. A. Gordon, of Company C (now of the Farmers Savings Bank of Marshall), then in command of his company. Thompson's regiment, commanded bv Lieutenant-Colonel Hooper, Elliot's battalion, Pickler's battalion, Thorpe's battalion, or company, and Hunter's regiment were to the right of the road fighting Lazear warily and cautiously, but not very vigorously, as Shelby was gradually getting ready to make his escape. His men were well shelr tered, as were the ^>derals, by timber and raxines. and firing was mere l)astime; it was not at all dangerous; lead enough was thrown to kill and maim a (li\ision, but the protection afforded by nature, the inaccuracy of the Federal fire, being mostly delivered from muskets, and the distance of the Confederates from their foes, prevented any \ery great slaughter, for which we may all now be verv thankful.

When General Brown arrived at Salt Fork he found Shanks holding the post and fighting with all of his great deal of braveiy. He could, however, have made a charge and with his superior force overthrown the brave Confederates on the south bank. True, he would have lost a few men, but he would have gained a victory - and soldiers ought to expect to die. But Brown was afraid of Shelby. He imagined the Confederates to be twice as strong as they were. Citizens along the road had told him that Shelby had two thousand five hundred men, and he believed them. So, after planting two guns of Thurber on the hill and firing a few shots, one of which disabled Shelby's brass "Lone Jack" gun. Brown left about two hundred men to keep up a constant firing on Shanks and keep him from co-operating with Shelby's force, and passed around with the remaiTider of his force and.

crossing' the Salt Fork at Hook's mill, joined Kelly and Lazear at Marshall at about ten o'clock. His command did not all get up until two hours later. It was some time before Brown seemed to comprehend the situation. Lazear had been taken sick, his horse had Ijeen shot, and he had turned the comman(J over to Kelly, who reported the condition of affairs and asked to be allowed to charge Shelby. After some charging and counter-hubbub generally, great cry and but little wool. Brown attempted to extend his line to his left completely around Shelby, who was in the timber and ravines northeast of town, getting his wagons together and his men well in hand to make a strike for the open air and freedom. Brown succeeded in getting his line extended, but it was a very thin one, a man every six feet or so, on foot and armed with a musket. At last Shelby had completed his preparations. He had one horse killed under him in a ravine, and he carried his arm in a sling, still suffering from a wound received at Helena, Arkansas, the 4th of July previously. But he had been all over the field and knew the situation of his men. He also thought he knew that of the Federals. Calling upon his men, he rode along the line and told them that he proposed to "cut out." "If you want to surrender, any of you," he said, "you can do so; but remember that if you do, you surrender with your heads in halters, for these are militia, and you know what they are. Many of you have been captured l)efore, and released on taking the oath of allegiance to the United States. You are now fighting in violation of that oath, and if captured, are liable to be shot down like dogs. At the best, you can only expect incarceration in northern dungeons for an indefinite period. Which would you rather do - be shot like dogs or rot in northern dungeons, or cut your way out with Joe Shelby?" A general and hearty shout was the response, "We'll cut out! We'll cut out." Shelby thereupon sent word to Shanks to join him, and when he thought that officer had time to catch him, he gave command to "Charge." Away went his advance, breaking through Brown's thin line very easily, and without losing a man, the column steering northward toward the Miami road, which was soon reached. Just as Shelby charged. Major Kelly with his battalion of the Fourth Missouri, charged also upon the Confederate line. He was checked for a minute by only about twenty men of Gordon's regiment, but he soon went on and cut Shelby's line in two, cutting off Colonel Hunter with a part of his regiment, and Shanks with all of the men who had been holding the crossing at Salt Fork all day. With Hunter was the remaining piece of artillery, "The Springfield gun," and it was carried from the field in safety. Owing to this charge of Kelly, the most of Shelby's wagons were left behind, not being able to get out

Ijefore they were o\-ertaken. Ouartermaster Neale, of Gordon's regiment, succeeded in saving about half his wagons and his own "bacon" by a very close sha\'e.

Upon being cut off and pursued by the Federals, Shanks and Hunter went up the Salt Fork a short distance, crossed and went east for a few miles, then turned south, heading for Arkansas. They crossed the Pacific railroad near Sedalia, and after some unimportant skirmishes with militia joined Shelby about a week after the fight at Marshall.

Shelby continued his retreat to the northwestward, leaving the Miami road and going through Grand Pass township in the direction of Waverly, reaching the river bottom about dark. Only one battalion of Lazear's and a company or two of the Seventh ( Phillip's) Regiment pursued the Confederates at first. Johnson's battery of four-pounders was started, but the Federal commander ordered them back, saying he would rather have four big clubs. Shelby's rear guard, composed of the companies of Johnson, Edwards and Crispon, was hard pressed and compelled to halt and fight three or four times, once at Salt Fork, once at the crossing of Muddy creek, and at two other points between Marshall and the bottom. The Confedera.tes fought hard and lost some men, one man being killed at Muddy creek and two others elsewhere. The Federals were kept back and some of them wounded. Upon reaching the heavy timber on the bottom, Shelby halted and rested for three hours. His men were ordered to take all the ammunition from the wagons that they could conveniently carry, and when this was done the most of them were run into the river. A few wagons and two ambulances fell into the hands of the Federals.

The Confederate wounded were gathered up and at first carried to the house of a Mrs. Johnson, in the east part of town, near wdiere the fighting occurred. While they were here a wounded Confederate sat leaning against a crab-apple tree in the door-yard, waiting to have his wound dressed. A brute of a Federal militiaman saw him and shot him dead with a revolver. Three days afterwards the wounded men were taken to the then Methodist church, which had been improvised for hospital purposes, and Dr. Spencer Brown, who had been sent back by Shelby for the purpose, was placed in charge of them. Among the Confederates were Captains Clanton, Brannon and Minor and Lieutenant Thompson. The latter was shot with a carbine ball through both temples. His wound was a dreadful one; his eyes protruded and he suffered very much; yet he recovered, and, in company with Captain Clanton and three others, made his escape within a few weeks. The following are the names of all of the Confederate

Wdinided ijrisoners lliat were taken to the Methodist church hospital. The Hst was prepared 1>\' Miss Kitty Er\-iii. a }-onng- lady who lived near Marshall and who was a frequent visitor at the hospital. She died shortly after the close of the war. Cai)tain Clanton (escaped). Captain Minor. Captain Brannon. Lieutenant 'Jliompson (escaped), Zadoc R. Noe (escaped). Ross (escaped). Fountain (escaped), Tate Sherrill ( escai:)ed ) , John and Thomas Branncick, Mulot. Cephas \Villiams. White, Braden, h"o\-, Hiley, Barrette, Bird. Kirtley. (iraham. Lewis and Clasgow. The following died of their wounds: Corhin. Cotton. Pettis. Parkison. Richardson, Captain Frazier and Smith. John Corbin died at the residence of Mrs. Sheridan in Marshall, the rest in the hospital.

Miss Mary Allen, Mrs. Shroyer, Mrs. Bryant and many other ladies were very attentive to the wants of the wounded men. These ladies were sympathizers with the Confederate cause and suffered more or less persecution at the hands of unscrupulous members of the Federal force during the ^var. 1diev were largely assisted in their errands of mercy by Mrs. D. Landon, a lady of northern birth, rearing and sympathies, whose many good deeds done for her neighbors will ever endear her to them.

The Federal hospital was at tirst in the house of Jacob Smith, and in a few days was remo^-ed to the residence of Judge Bryant, then occupied by tlie family of Judge Landon. Here the man Etter died. His arm had been amputated and he was unable to survive its loss.