Springfield Township (part 3 of 3)

When the speaking occurred Jackson stated that Judge Orr, a citizen of Springfield, was going to become a candidate, and had asked permission to announce himself, and that he, therefore, gave him fifteen minutes of his time. Orr did not take up the full fifteen minutes, just simply made his announcement. One of the best citizens of the county was sitting on a log not very far away, and he could not keep from expressing his disgust that Orr should be a candidate for Governor, and he did it so loud that everybody heard it. Quick as a flash Orr said, "Uncle E , the next day after the election if I am not elected Governor of the State of Missouri you will think I am," and I don't know what there was in it except the way he said it, but it set the crowd wild, and they cheered him "for keeps."

Orr left here that afternoon for Buffalo, where they were to speak the next day, and Jackson divided time with him until they got to Saline County, Jackson's home, when Jackson declined to canvass any further.

In the meantime the St. Louis Republican had sent a man, I can't think of his name, but we called him "The Wandering Jew," as a correspondent to report the debates between Orr and Jackson, and while the Republican was for Jackson outwardly at the bottom of its heart I thought it was for Orr, because it was sure that Orr was for the Union, and the Republican was, but Jackson being the regular nominee of the Democratic party, and the Republican being the greatest Democratic paper in the State, of course kept Jackson's name at the head of the paper, but the reports of the "Wandering Jew" set the Union men in the State wild over Orr's speeches and stories.

After Jackson decided not to pursue the canvass any further a caucus of the Democrats was held that night, and it was determined that the candidate for Lieutenant Governor, who was a polished gentleman and a fine speaker, should answer Orr the next day at Boonville, and he would tell all the stories that Orr had told on his canvass, and thereby break the effect of his speech. This he did, and he said when he got through, "Now, fellow-citizens, you will find that will be the speech of the gentleman who is candidate for Governor of the State," but, of course, coming from the lips of the candidate for Lieutenant Governor who wanted to belittle the stories it would not sound like much of a speech, and the Democrats were in high glee over the destruction of the effect of Orr's speech on the crowd. When Orr got up he made an entirely different kind of a speech from the one recited by his predecessor on the stand, and told a new set of stories, and he went home and left the field clear to Orr.

The letters of "The Wandering Jew" to the Republican had excited the people all over the State, and Frank Blair, John Howe and other Union men in St. Louis wanted him to come to St. Louis to speak, so they found him in Osage County, I think, and invited him down to St. Louis on a certain date when they would have a big rally. As to the rally, Judge Urial Wright told Judge Dade and Col. Marcus Boyd and I this story in Judge Dade's yard, when he came here to speak after the gubernatorial and before the presidential election of that year. He said that he and Col. Blair, Mr. Barnum and John Howe were appointed a committee to go to the train and meet Judge Orr and take him to Barnum 's Hotel, where he was to be their guest. They met the Missouri Pacific train, but there was no Judge Orr. None of them knew the Judge personally, but the description of his person had been so often given that they had no doubt but that they would know him when they saw him. They waited patiently until all the passengers were out of the train, and there was no Judge Orr, so they went back to the hotel, and there was no

Judge Orr. They hunted all through the city and could not find him, and were very much excited, and along about two o'clock went back to Barnum's Hotel and asked the clerk if he had seen or heard anything of Judge Orr. Orr had a very queer signature, and the clerk just pointed to a signature on the book, and there it was, "S. Orr, Springfield, Missouri," and said, "Is that your man?" and Frank Blair looked at the signature and said that Is right, and he said, "Where is he?" and the clerk said, "In the dining room." Blair, Howe and Wright went in, and he says that Orr was shoveling vegetables into his mouth with his knife, and he had on the commonest clothes he pretty nearly ever saw, but when he looked up at him he saw Andrew Jackson (Blair had in his youth known Jackson well). Blair said to Orr, "Is this Judge Orr of Springfield?" Orr looked up and said it was, and Blair said, "Well, Judge, I am Frank Blair." Orr jumped up and reached his hand across the table, and said, "How are you, Frank. I have hearn of you often, and I am glad to meet you," and Blair explained to him that they had been hunting for him all the morning, and asked him how he got there, and he said that he had come on a freight train with his horse; that he had to make a canvass in Southeast Missouri, and that he was going to stay with that horse. They had a conference lasting all the afternoon. Maj. Rollins, Bob Wilson and other noted men of the State were there, all brought there by the letters of the "Wandering Jew" in the Republican about what wonderful speeches Orr had made, and how he had enthused the masses. They talked to him that afternoon, and they were certain that the "Wandering Jew" had written those letters for the purpose of deceiving the people as to Orr's ability as a canvasser and a public speaker. Wright said he had no idea he could speak a hundred words without stopping, and as for his swaying his crowd he knew he could not do that, so they went into a conference that afternoon as to what to do, and they decided that Judge Uriel Wright should make one of his best speeches, followed by Bob Wilson, and he by Maj. Rollins, and they would let Orr speak fifteen minutes, and Frank Blair to cover the fiasco of Orr's speech; also to make a whooping-up speech, and get the crowd in a good humor. So the program was carried out, and Wright said he thought that AVilson and Rollins made the best speeches they ever made in their lives. I forgot to say that they told Judge Orr that knowing he was pretty well worked out that they would not want him to speak but fifteen minutes, the real reason being that they did not want destroyed their chances of carrying the city of St. Louis. So after all three speeches had been made Frank Blair introduced Orr as the next Governor of the State of Missouri, and Orr pulled out an old silver watch and laid it down before him, and in less than ten minutes he had the crowd wild and cheering to beat the band. At the end of fifteen minutes he was going to close, and the crowd yelled to "Go on!" "Go on!" "Go on!" and he turned around to Frank Blair and said, "Shall I go on?" and he said, "Yes," and Orr said, "How long?" and he said, "Another fifteen minutes," and Orr went at it again, and it was no trouble for him to keep them yelling and hollowing all the time at his stories and apt illustrations, and at the end of fifteen minutes he was going to close again, and the audience yelled, "Go on!" and he turned around to Blair and said, "Well, what shall I do?" and Blair said, "Go on! Go on!" and Orr says, "How long shall I go on?" and Blair says, "Just as long as you can keep them hollowing in that way," and Orr says, "I can keep them hollowing that way all night," and "Wright says, "Gentlemen, right then I believed he could do it."

He made his canvass, and spoke at Lebanon the day of the election, and rode part of the way to Springfield that afternoon, and got into Springfield the next afternoon, and about three hundred of us went out on horseback to meet him and escort him in, and he went up on the porch of the hotel at the corner of Boonville street and the Public Square and spoke to us, and it so happened that the old gentleman who had made the sneering remark when he announced himself as candidate was sitting on the fence that was around the old public well, and Judge Orr saw him, and myself for Governor you sneered at me, and I told you then that if I wasn't elected Governor of the State of Missouri you would think I was the day after the election. Don't you?" Uncle E says, "Yes, Sample, I am sorry to say that I do."

Champ Clark

My first acquaintance with Hon. Champ Clark came about in this way: At Luray there had been a mob. When Governor Phelps was inaugurated he determined to punish the men concerned in it. Hon. John M. Wood was then a young man, and only those well acquainted with him knew how big he was. Governor Phelps intended to send Gen. E. Y. Mitchell, who was then Adjutant General, and who was a fine criminal lawyer, to aid in the prosecution of those indicted but as Gen. Mitchel was to be the assistant. Governor Phelps wanted to know for certain that the legal Prosecuting Attorney had the "sand in his craw" and "backbone" to stand up for the enforcement of law and order while bearded by the leaders of the mob and those who participated with them. So he asked me to see, and become well satisfied myself, whether Mr. Wood would prosecute in the face of all difficulties. He did not care so much about his legal abilities, as General Mitchell would furnish them, but he did want to know that he would favor vigorous prosecution of those engaged in the mob; and if I didn't think that he was the man he wanted, he asked me to see Champ Clark, and size him up. It so happened that it was convenient to interview Clark first. Of course, he did not know or even suspect that I had inveigled him into the interview on the porch of the "Old Hotel." But I spent a very happy two hours with him in chatting on that old porch discussing law, politics and religion. "I found he was a decided believer" in the Scriptures as interpreted by Alexander Campbell ; for his copious quotations from the New Testament and great writers showed me that he knew on what he based his faith. It did not take me long to find out that he was not a Seventh Day Democrat, but was a Democrat seven days in the week, and that he knew of no reason why the lenient laws of State of Missouri should not be enforced, but that he did know of many reasons why they should be. And the reasons that he gave me were so entirely satisfactory, and his illustrations so ample and so appropriate, that I felt certain that if Hon. J. M. Wood did not come to the "scratch" in first-class manner that Champ Clark would. Some days afterwards I met the Hon. J. M. "Wood, and without his "knowledge and consent" I put him through the same "course of sprouts." The interview proved entirely satisfactory, and I so reported to Governor Phelps. It is a matter of history that Mr. Wood and General Mitchell defeated the leaders of the mob at the next trial. This will be news to Judge Wood, as it was to Champ Clark. When I wrote him about it, some six months ago, I got a characteristic letter from Clark in answer to mine, informing him why 1 interviewed him on the porch of the "Old Hotel." He said substantially: "What little things change the course of human life. If I had prosecuted those men, I would probably be practicing law in Missouri, but as I failed to get the chance I am what I am."

I see that the farmers of Greene County are organizing in order to take better care of their farms, raise bigger and finer stock and greater cereal crops of all kinds than they have done in the last few years. To encourage them, I want to write that prior to the war we had what was called the Southwest Missouri District Fair. In 1860 the fair association offered a prize for the best ten acres of corn and one for the best five acres of meadow. I cannot remember how many people competed for the different prizes, but I can remember that Robert P. Faulkner, whose farm was a part of the southwest part of town, Kindred Rose, who lived in the Grand Prairie, and Elijah Gray, who lived southwest of town, were the three best exhibitors.

Robert P. Faulkner raised 126 bushels to the acre ; Kindred Rose raised 123 bushels to the acre; Elijah Gray 121 bushels to the acre. The men who exhibited the corn were required to explain how they cultivated it. I remember Mr. Faulkner's, because it was the first time I ever heard of level cultivation. In his statement as to how he cultivated his corn he stated that he broke the land with a turning plow made by John Lair, whose shop was where the Woodruff building now stands. Following that furrow was an old-fashioned bull-tongued plow drawn by a big mule, and sunk as deeply into the ground as the mule could pull it. He then harrowed the land twice and planted it, and then harrowed it twice again; then plowed it with bull-tongue plows four times, always leaving the land as level as he could. Part of the ten acres was an old Indian field when the first settlers came here, but old Colonel Neville stated that Mr. Faulkner was "cultivating another farm lower down."

The premium on hay was taken by Benjamin Cannefax, and I know of but one man living who helped to measure the corn or weigh the hay, and that is Mr. J. G. Dollison. I talked with him the other day and he told me that Mr. Cannefax 's hay weighed 3^^ tons to the acre.

Dr. T. J. Bailey's favorite cow was milked on the fair grounds one day and gave a little over one bushel of milk. Fine horses and mules, it seems to me, Avere as plentiful as they are now, although the mules were not so large. One of the largest hogs that ever was raised in the county up to that time was brought and butchered by Joseph Morris and weighed over 825 pounds.

Col. Solomon C. Neville, who settled in the Grand Prairie country, came here from Kentucky. I have always understood he imported his Angora goats, either in 1859 or 1860. I know I have never seen any finer ones than he had, and I have seen them at the fairs, I suppose as fine as there are in the world. He was very enthusiastic over his prospects for successful Angora goat raising, but the war, of course, put him out of business.

I think it well in this small book to record for all future ages the exact circumstances of the death and burial of Gen. Nathaniel Lyon, who was killed at the battle of Wilson Creek on the 10th day of August, 1861. I think there is but one man living who knows all of the circumstances connected with his removal from the battlefield of Wilson Creek on that day.

In 1910 I wrote to Dr. Melcher, who was a surgeon in the Volunteer Army, who participated in the battle on that date. I have known Dr. Melcher since 1861, and I know him to be a gentleman of the highest honor, with a memory unclouded, especially of what happened at that time. I give his answer verbatim :

Of Old Settlers 91

"Replying to your favor of June 22, regarding the death of Gen, Lyon, bringing the body to Springfield, placing body in the casket made by Mr. Presley Beal, burial on the Phelps' farm, etc. As you say, I am probably the only person living who can give the particulars from personal knowledge.

"I was with Dr. Smith, Gen. Rains' division surgeon, looking for wounded, not far from 12 o'clock noon, on August 10, '61, and learning from Col. Emmett McDonald that Gen. Lyon had been killed, asked for his body. He said, 'Come with me and I will see. ' In a few moments he took me to Gen. Price, and introducing me as Gen. Lyon's surgeon, requested Gen. Price to give me the body. With Gen. Price were Col. McLane, Col. Snead, Gen. Parsons, Gen. Stein, Gen. Rains, and other officers. Gen. Price took me by the hand, and turning to Gen. Rains asked if he knew where the body was. On Gen. Rains answering that he did. Gen. Price ordered him to send for it for identification. In about twenty minutes I was notified by Gen. Stein, and went to the wagon, and on raising the blanket, which was over the face, I, at once, recognized my dead general. Gen. Stein said, 'Do you identify the body?' On my replying in the affirmative he rode away. Gen. Rains then said, 'What are your wishes?' Having no conveyance, I requested that the body be removed to the Ray house, where I was acquainted.

"Arriving there, some of the Confederates kindly carried the body into the house, and placed it on a bed in the front room, where I examined for wounds. There was one on the right side of the head, another in the right leg below the knee, and another, which caused his death, was made by a small rifle ball, which entered about the fourth rib on the left side, passing entirely through the body, making its exit from the right side, evidently passing through both lungs and heart. From the character of this wound it is my opinion that Gen. Lyon was holding the bridle rein in his left hand, and had turned in the saddle to give a com-

"At this time he had on a dark blue, single-breasted captain's coat, with the buttons used by the regular array of the United States. It was the same uniform coat I had frequently seen him wear in the arsenal at St. Louis, and was considerably worn and faded. He had no shoulder straps ; his pants were dark blue ; the wide-brim felt hat he had worn during the campaign was not with him, and there was no sword or other evidences of rank. After arranging the body as well as circumstances permitted, it was carried to the wagon and covered with a spread or sheet furnished by Mrs. Ray.

"When I was ready to start Gen. Rains said: 'I will not order any to go with you, but volunteers may go'; and five Confederate soldiers offered their service of escort. One drove the team ; the others, being mounted, rode with me in rear of wagon. The only name I can give is that of Orderly Sergt. Brackett of a company in Churchill's Arkansas regiment. Another of the escort was a German, who, in 1863, was clerking in Springfield, and during the defense of Springfield against the attack of Marmaduke, January 8, 1863, did service in the citizens' company of 42 men which was attached to my 'Quinine Brigade' from the hospitals.

"Just as we were starting Gen. Rains requested that something be written to show that he had done his duty in the matter, and the following was written and signed by both of us, and is on file in the War Department in Washington:

" 'Gen. James S. Rains, commanding Missouri State Guards, having learned that Gen. Lyon, commanding United States forces during action near Springfield, Mo., August 10, 1861, had fallen, kindly afforded military escort and transportation subject to my order. I also have his assurance that all the wounded shall be well taken care of and may be removed under the hospital flag, and that the dead shall be buried as rapidly as possible.

"About half way to Springfield I saw a party under flag of truce going toward the battlefield, which I learned afterwards had been sent out from Springfield in search of the body. This party was probably 500 or 1,000 yards distant from me on the prairie as they passed. Arriving at Springfield about 6 p. m., the first officer I reported to was the ever faithful Col. Nelson Cole, then captain of Company E, 1st Missouri Volunteer Infantry, who, with what remained of his gallant company, was guarding the outposts. All who were not on guard duty came to the wagon and took a last look at the general. I passed on, to the camps of Gen. James Totten and T. W. Sweeney. Here Gen. Totten relieved my escort and sent them back to their command, a new driver was furnished, and I delivered the body of Gen. Lyon to Maj. J. M. Schofield, 1st Missouri Volunteer Infantry - later Lieut.-Gen. Schofield, U. S. A. - at the house that had been used previous to the battle by Gen. Lyon for his headquarters. [On the north side of College and a few doors west of Main street. - M. J. H.]

"Early the next morning the two nurses from the hospital who had remained with the body after the troops left reported to the hospital that some ladies had taken their place to watch with the body. I went there and found Mrs. Boyd, wife of Col. Marcus Boyd (she is still living - the widow of Mr. Blackwell), with her two eldest daughters, one of whom is now living in Springfield, Mrs. Lula Boyd Kennedy, and Mrs. Jane Beal, who remained with the body until it was placed in a black walnut coffin which Mr. Presley Beal had been constructing by order of Dr. Franklin, when Mrs. Mary Phelps appeared, and the coffin containing the body was placed in a wagon and taken to her farm. This is the last I knew, personally, of the disposition of Gen. Lyon's body.

Editor National Tribune : In your issue of April 4 is an item in the Washington columns regarding a sword in the National Museum, said sword purporting to be the one worn by and belonging to Gen. Nathaniel Lyon at the battle of Wilson Creek. The item states, "One of the battery officers was Churchill Clark, a cousin of the general, and when the body was sent back to the Federal lines next day under a flag of truce, he unhooked the sword from the belt and put it on," etc. The facts are, the body was turned over to me by General Rains by order of Gen. Price, and I proceeded from the Ray house with a volunteer Confederate escort in charge of Orderly Sergeant Brackett of Cliurehill's Regiment of Arkansas Mounted Infantry, arriving in Springfield about 6 o'clock August 10, 1861.

From May 7, 1861, for five weeks I was a member of Gen. Lyon's military household at the arsenal in St. Louis, meeting him many times every day. I do not recollect ever seeing him wearing a sword or a sword belt.

After returning to Springfield with the wounded from the battle of Carthage, about July 7, I saw him every day up to 5:30 o'clock p. m., August 9, when we were about ready to move to Wilson's Creek, and do not remember of seeing him with a sword.

I am the officer who received the body from Gen. Price, brought it to Springfield that same evening of the day of the battle, turned it over to Major Schofield (Lieut. Gen. Schofield later), assisted Surgeon Frankliii in preparing the body the next day for burial, placed the body in a coffin, made by Presley Beale, a cabinet maker of Springfield. These facts are matters of history. I also send you a statement by Col. David Murphy, of St. Louis. - S. H. Melcher (Assistant Surgeon, 5th Mo., Aug. 10, 1861, Springfield, Missouri).

Of Old Settlers 95

"Your letter of the 10th inst. is at hand. In reply to your inquiry concerning the clothing and arms worn by Gen. Lyon at the battle of Wilson Creek, fought August 10, 1861, I will state that I was with Maj. Osterhaus' battalion of the 2nd Mo. when it made its last bayonet charge, and received a gunshot wound in my leg which disabled me.

"I went to the rear for surgical assistance, and after having the bullet extracted by Lieut. Lothrop, of the 4th U. S. Art., proceeded to inspect the field, and wandered about among the dead and wounded. In this way I espied Private Edw. Lehman, of Co. B, 2d U. S., crouching by the side of a body which was covered with a U. S. army overcoat.

"I asked Lehman if the body was that of the General. He answered with a nod of his head. I asked him why he did not have the body taken into Springfield? He answered by asking the question, 'What can a private soldier do?'

"Observing one of Capt. E. A. Carr's wagons passing at the base of the hill I hailed it, told the teamster that I wanted him to take the body of Gen. Lyon into Springfield. The teamster turned his wagon from the road up to where the dead General lay, and the three of us lifted the body into the wagon, requiring the wounded soldiers therein to make room for the body, and I saw the wagon drive off in the direction of Springfield.

"A few minutes later, a sergeant of the regular army came up and ordered the body taken out, saying, 'There will be an ambulance here in a minute for it.' The corpse was then carried beneath the shade tree where it had before reposed. The Federal army now retreated, and the ambulance ordered never came up. * * The body had been placed in a small covered wagon, used as an ambulance, to be conveyed to Gen. McCulloch's headquarters (not Gen. Price's) when an order arrived that it should be taken to Price's and delivered to Dr. S. H, Melcher.

Arsenal, also en route to and on the march from Boonville south to Springfield, prior to the battle without epaulettes, sword or belt, and never saw him wear either a sword or belt.

CHARLES H. ALLEN (HOSS ALLEN) He was a Whig and the country was Democratic. At his first session of court the Senator from this district went to the court room to "lick him." Peaceable citizens stopped his progress, but a commotion was created and one of the Headlees, Whig supporters of "Old Hoss," went to his defense and told "Old Hoss" the situation. "Old Hoss" said, "Sheriff, adjourn court." He took off his wig and gown and laid them on the railing in front and walked up to the irate Senator and said, "Maj.

His brother sent him to feed the hogs when he was a boy, and he was gone a year, and when he came home he went to where he had hung his basket containing the corn to feed the hogs - when he "lit out" - got the basket and "showed up" to his brother on the porch.

Source changes here: from Greene County, Missouri : 1916, published 1916; 5,184 words in this source stream.

The Chinch Bug

Few insects have been the direct cause of such enormous pecuniary losses as the chinch bug. No other insect native to the Western Hemisphere has spread its devastating hordes over a wider area of country with more fatal effects to the staple grains of North America than has this one. Some of this insects own habits, emphasizing as they do the effects of weather conditions, are among the most potent influences that serve to hold it within bounds by giving its tendency to excessive increase a decidedly spasmodic character.

Natural Enemies Of The Chinch Bug

Chinch bugs have few predaceous insect enemies, none of which,, owing perhaps to their repugnant odor, appears to be of any very great importance when it comes to surppressing a serious invasion.

Inland the common "quail" or bobwhite is the only bird that can be said to devour the chinch bug in considerable numbers. It is said that from 300 to 400 chinch bugs have been found in the crops of bobwhites. As the bobwhite is one of our most highly prized game birds, it is slaughtered annually in tremendous numbers, frequently with no object except sport. As a result the helpfulness of the quail against chinch bugs is greatly diminished. It would seem that as important an enemy of the chinch bug as this bird is known to be would receive protective immunity throughout the agricultural regions and that farmers would see to it that protective laws were not only enacted but also stringently enforced.

Destruction Of Chinch Bugs While In Hibernation

The first effort that may be made with a view to warding off an attack of chinch bugs is to destroy them in their winter quarters. This can be accomplished by burning all dried grass, especially such as grows in clumps, notably broom sedge or sage grass, leaves, or other rubbish during winter or early spring, especially during early winter.

The burning of grasses and rubbish about the farm during winter to destroy hibernating chinch bugs has been often recommended and is doubtless the most effective measure to be taken against future ravages of the pest.

Sowing Decoy Plats Of Attractive Grains Or Grasses In Early Spring

Judging from the manner in which the overwintered adults are attracted to hills of young corn, wheat fields, or plats of panic and foxtail grasses, it has always seemed to the writer practicable to take advantage of this habit and sow small patches of millet, Hungarian grass, spring wheat, or even corn, early in the spring and thus bait the adults as they come forth from their places of hibernation. Their instincts will prompt them to seek out the places likely to afford the most desirable food supply for their progeny, and if an artificial supply can be offered them that will be more attractive than that furnished by nature, the bugs will certainly not overlook the fact, but will take advantage of it to congregate and deposit their eggs there, whereupon eggs, young, and adults can be summarily dealt with a little later by plowing both bugs and their food under and harowing and rolling the ground to keep the former from crawling to the surface and escaping.

Summary Of Remedial And Preventive Measures

In summing up the matter of remedial and preventive measures for the control of the chinch bug, it may be stated that the insects can be destroyed in their places of hibernation by the use of fire. They can be destroyed while in the act of mibrating from one field to another by bariers or deep furrows supplemented by post holes and by burying them under the surface of the ground with the plow and harrow, or the latter method may be applied after the bugs have been massed upon plats of some kind of vegetation for which the bugs are known to have a special fondness, these decoy plats being so arranged as either to attract the females and induce them to oviposit therein or to intercept an invasion from wheat fields into corn fields. When these decoys have been turned under with a plow and the surface immediately smoothed and packed by harrow and roller the bugs will be destroyed, while in the cornfields they can be destroyed on the plants by the application of kerosene emulsion. Without vigilance and prompt action, however, only indifferent results are to be expected from any of these measures.

There are several spraying materials which can be used effectively against the bugs after they have been congregated on the young corn, but unfortunately, most of these are injurious to the plants. Kerosene emulsion of 5 per cent strength will generally kill the bugs and will not always injure the corn. The stock solution is made by boiling 1 pound of good lye soap in 1 gallon of water, adding this to 2 gallons of kerosene, and stirring he mixture with a paddle for 5 to 10 minutes. A better way to stir the mixture is to put the nozzle of the spray in the vessel and pump the liquid back into the vessel for five minutes.

Dilute the mixture to a 4 or 5 per cent solution by adding soft water. Some of the proprietary spraying materials and cattle dips have been used to kill the bugs where they have become alarmingly abundant. One serious objection to thse materials is that they are very often injurious to the plants. However, it is sometimes better to sacrifice the first few rows and save the cornfield than to let the bugs have their way.

Fall Army Worm And Recommendations For Its Control

Warning - Great care should be taken that cattle and other stock are kept from pasturing in the fields where the grass and other crops have been poisoned with arsenicals; also, that poisoned plants are not fed to stock.

The U. S. department of agriculture recommends the use of arsenicals as the most satisfactory means of destroying the worms, though other measures may be advisable in special cases. Where insecticides are used the directions given herewith must be followed implicitly, otherwise very serious injury may resulut. Among the poisons that may be used are the arsenate of lead, Paris green, and London purple. None of these poisons should be used upon vegetation that is afterwards to be used for forage. Paris green and London purple are dangerous to use upon corn on account of the danger of injury to or the destruction of plants. In most cases it will be best to apply these poisons in dry forms instead of with water. Dry applications can be made by sifting the poisons upon the plants through light cloth sacks or by means of blowers or dusting machines. Liquid applications must be made with spraying apparatus to be effective. For this reason the dry applications meet the present emergency better than liquid ones.

Arsenate of lead in powdered form is recommended above all other arsenicals because it wil not injure the foliage of any of the field crops grown in the South, even when applied without the addition of any carriers. The cost may be reduced by mixing with two or three times its weight of flour and dusting upon whatever crops the worms may be attacking. Paris green is next in effectiveness and if used in the dust form should be mixed with four or five times its weight of flour or airslaked lime. Flour is the most satisfactory carrier to use, as the lime has the tendency simply to drive the worms to other vegetation. Lime, however, has the advantage of preventing the burning of the foliage. London purple may be used, but should be applied with air-slaked lime or flour, as recommended in the case of Paris green.

Wherever it is feasible to use liquid sprays, the paste form of arsenate of lead may be used by dissolving 2 to 21/£ pounds in 50 gallons of water. Paris green may be used at the rate of about 10 ounces to each 50 gallons of water, but if so used 2 pounds of freshly slaked lime should also be added.

On forage crops and others in the case of which unfortunate results might follow the use of- arsenicals, other expedients must be adopted. A most effective measure for destroying the worms without injuring the crop is to mix 100 pounds of wheat bran with a couple of pounds of either Paris green or powdered arsenate of lead, or, if these are not obtainable, use 3 pounds of London purple, bringing the mass to a stiff dough by the use of IV2 to 2 gallons of molasses. If the whole mass is thoroughly mixed and dropped about on the ground where the worms are at work they will be attracted by it, feed upon it, and be destroyed thereby. Many planters prefer this method to dusting or spraying, and the poisoned bait is said by them to attract worms from 5 to 10 inches away.

In some cases where the ground is hard, with little vegetation, a heavy roller or a brush drag may be used to advantage in crushing the worms.

When the worms have become full grown with rare exceptions they descend an inch or two into the ground, construct an earthen cell, and pass into a pupal state. It has been demonstrated by several different experts in widely separated localities that from 50 to 95 per cent of these pupae can be destroyed in the ground by thorough shallow cultivation. This can be done by disking or the use of a spring-tooth harrow, and the efficiency of the measure will depend upon the thoroughness with which the work has been done. Cultivation of the ground between the rows of corn and cotton has been found to destroy nearly all of these pupae where the soil is sandy and has been thoroughly cultivated under hot midday sun.

For fields threatened with invasion but not actuaully attacked, a deep furrow should be plowed out around the entire circumference of the field; into this the caterpillars will fall, when they may be crushed by dragging a heavy log through the furrow. If the soil is such as to be somewhat impervious to water, this furrow may be kept partly filled with water, on the surface of which a small quantity of kerosene may be poured, which will kill the worms almost immediately when they come into contact with it.

Since the worms seem invariably to consume the grass and other vegetation growing in fields before attacking either corn or cotton, it should prove an important method of protection to spray or dust grass and weeds in cornfields threatened with attack with arsenate of lead according to the methods advised above.

To summarize the situation, the department recommends the speedy application of arsenical poisons and the working of the ground wherever practicable, in order to prevent further damage.

Veterinary Notes For Stock Owners

The following notes are not meant as a complete veterinary guide, which would be out of place in this kind of work, but are intended as a kind of first aid to the sick.

COUGHS AND COLDS if treated in time usualy pass away without much trouble. At first appearance of either it is well to take your horse's temperature and pulse. If it is not much above normal a good warm bran mash with one oz. of nitre in it will help to relieve him. If he does not show improvement by the next day give him every four hours twenty drops of aconite in a little water from your syringe or a bottle. Should he continue to get worse it may be well to call the doctor.

When the horse is recovering from sickness or is in need of a tonic, the best is Fowler's solution of Arsenic. Water your horse from a pail and give him one fluid ounce of Fowler's soltuion in the drinking water for eight days, then discontinue for six days and begin for eight days more; eoch ounce of solution contains five grains of arsenic. The reason for discontinuing is in order that it cannot accumulate too much in the system at one time.

FOUNDER - If shod, remove shoes and give one quart of linseed oil and a bran mash with one oz. of nitre. Make swabs of old sacking and keep them on his feet and keep them wet until the inflammation seems to be gone. Rest and time is the best cure.

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Springfield, Missouri

lard. Rub it into the affected part and in about three days apply a little linseed oil or lard so that the scales will come off easily. If one application does not cure apply again after three weeks.

WORMS - A drench composed of three oz. linseed oil and one oz. of turpentine given twice a day for three days, followed on the third day by a quart of linseed oil will generally remove them.

CUTS OR WOUNDS - Get the injured surface as clean as possible by washing, and applying a good healing lotion. One composed of 2 drams each of sulphate of zinc and acetate of lead in a pint of water is about as good as any. This is a good lotion to apply to scratches or cracked heels.

FOR FISTULA - When everything else seems to fail get some crude petroleum and a syringe having a long nozzle. Insert it in the false membrane and fill with oil. Do this about every second day and in four to six weeks it will effect a cure unless it is a hard case and may take longer.

LICE - Fifty parts of crude petroleum and one part of crude carbolic acid is a sure cure. Should be applied to horses or cattle with a spray. A few gunny sacks soaked in it and wound round a post in the hog lot will soon cure them.

OZOTURIA or Monday morning disease, as it is sometimes called usually comes after a day or two of rest. Immediately it is noticed give one quart of linseed oil and follow it with one oz. doses of sweet spirits of nitre in some warm water every four hours, until he has had about three doses. Keep the horse warm and get the bowels and kidneys to act and do not work the horse until he seems completely cured.

SWEENEY - Rub the affected parts with equal parts of turpentine and linseed oil. This is one of the best mild blisters known, and can be used for sore throat or sprains.

Cattle

Cattle affected with Foot and Mouth Disease, lose their appetite and become stiff and lame in their movements and on closer examination small pimples and sores are formed around the lips and around the tops of the hoofs. It runs its course in about two weeks and only about two per cent of the cases are fatal. A good wash to apply to the sores is two drams each of sulphate of zinc and acetate of lead in a pint of water.

BLOATING is often relieved by administering half a tea cup full of baking soda dissolved in a quart of sweet milk and given as a drench, but in a bad case the animal ought to be tapped with trocar and canula. The place to tap the animal is six to eight inches (according to size) forward and downward from the poiint of the hip. Better wash the place with some disinfectant first.

Extracts taken from Circular Number 31, (fifth revision), issued April 29th, 1914, by the Bureau of Animal Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

The symptoms of Black Leg are so characteristic that the disease is easily recognized. The first symptoms may be either of a general or a local nature, though more frequently of the latter. The animal moves around with difficulty, frequently lies down, and when water is near at hand, drinks at short intervals and but little at a time. The visible mucous membranes are at first dark red and congested, but they change in the course of 12 hours to a dirty leaden or purplish color.

The most important diagnostic feature is the development of a tumor or sweling under the skin. The swelling may appear on any part of the body or limbs. It is frequently seen on the thigh or shoulder. Tumors may also appear on the neck, the chest, the flank or the rump. At first they are small and very painful. They increase rapidly in size and may in a few hours cover a large portion of the body.

If slight pressure is made on the tumor, a cracking sound is heard, and percussion gives a clear, resonant tone, due to the collected gas in the affected tissue. The tumor is cool to the touch and painless in the center, the skin over it is dry and parchment like. When the tumor is lanced, a frothy dark red fluid is discharged, and smells like rancid butter and decomposition takes place very soon after death.

No pain is manifested when the center of the tumor is lanced, but as the knife reaches the warm inflamed part the animal will bellow loudly and flinch. With very few exceptions the disease terminates fatally, death generally occurring from twelve to thirty-six hours after appearance of symptoms. A few cases linger from three to four days, and the disease may terminate in recovery.

Dr. R. B. Love Veterinarian Breeder

PREVENTIVE MEASURES - Remedial treatment is of little avail, consequently our principle recourse against the disease is prevention. Answers to numerous inquiries received from cattle owners by the chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry at Washington, D. C. The following salient points concerning the use of Black Leg vaccine are presented below in a concise manner for emphasis.

1. - Owing to the fact that a number of cattle owners have attempted to modify or have otherwise deviated from the printed directions, losses have occurred which might have been easily avoided. It is therefore urgently recommended to follow the directions implicitly, and especially to refrain from castrating, spaying and dehorning at the time of vaccination.

2. - Vaccine which for any reason is not used should be returned to this office immediately, and in acknowledgement of the same a new application blank will be forwarded to the sender.

3. - All vaccine should be used within three months of the date on the back of each package. After this period has elapsed the vaccine may be used to advantage in cases of emergency, as a first vaccine, but to insure immunity it is advisable to revaccinate with fresh vaccine in the course of two weeks.

4. - The only vaccine distributed by this department is a single powdered vaccine for the prevention of Black Leg, and it may be injected at any season of the year.

5. - Black Leg vaccine is distributed by this department free of charge to all stock owners who pledge themselves to report the results in accordance with the instructions.

6. - Neither vaccine nor application blanks wull be forwarded to any person for distribution - each stock owner must apply in his own behalf.

8. - Deaths of animals within one or two days after vaccination should not be attributed to the vaccine, but to the fact that they were already infected before vaccination.

9. - It is not advisable to vaccinate an animal after the symptoms of black leg have developed as the vaccine is a preventive and not a curative agent.

Veterinarian Breeder

10. - Vaccination is generally followed by insignificant symptoms. In some cases there is a slight rise in temperature, and a minute swelling may some times be noted at the point of injection.

11. - Calves vaccinated before they are six months old lose the artificial immunity produced, and should be revaccinated before the beginning of the next black leg season.

17. - The only satisfactory method of administering the vaccine distributed by this department is by the use of a hypodermic syringe. The method of soaking a string or cord in our vaccine solution and inserting a portion of the cord under the skin cannot be recommended.

18. - Anthax is an entirely different disease from black leg, and therefore black leg vaccine does not act as a preventive against anthrax. Anthrax vaccine is not distributed by this department.

19. - There are two blanks connected with each supply of vaccine which the owners are requested to fill out. First application blank for vaccine is to be filled out in applying for vaccine or immediately upon its receipt. Second blanks received with the vaccine for reports of the effects within seven days after vaccination, which are to be filled out and returned not later than the expiration of ten days.

How and where to apply for Black Leg Vaccine. A regular application blank will be mailed to any stock owner who so requests by the chief of The Bureau of Animal Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

blisters that appear principally in the mouth or under the tongue, and under the lips; also in the interdigital space of the cloven footed animals.

The active cause of the disease has never been isolated, although it is claimed to be due to an ultra-microscopic microorganism; that this microorganism passes through the finest filter, and is, of such minute structure that it cannot be seen by microscopes now at our command.

Whatever the cause may be we know that it is of extremely contagious character, and may be carried by immune animals, implements, and utensils used around infected stock, or it may be carried on hides, or in fact in any way that has a direct connection with diseased animals, or with pastures, corrals, or stables, that have been used by affected animals.

Cattle are most susceptible, then come hogs and sheep. Man may become infected by handling diseased stock, eating diseased meat, or drinking unboiled or unpasturized milk or milk products from a diseased cow. In man the disease runs a very mild course and is not to be feared. In children, the disease may be of more serious type, since gastro enteritis may follow, causing considerable distress. Horses and chickens are practically immune, although cases have been reported. The chief danger from horses and chickens lies in the fact that they may carry the disease from infected animals or farms to healthy animals.

As has been stated, the first sympton is a high fever, varying from 104 to 106 degrees. This may be followed by a chill, the animal standing off by itself, its back arched, and with a general appearance of distress. If the mouth is examined, small vesisles or blisters may be seen on the tongue or under lips. These blisters may be very small, but as the disease progresses will grow larger and will run together. There is profuse salivation, which increases as the blisters break and the animal makes a peculiar smacking sound with its teeth much the same as an old person without any teeth might make. There is intense pain and the animal, while usually unable to eat, may make painful efforts to take food, rolling its head around in an effort to swallow.

the top of the hoof. They may also appear on the teats or udder. When the animal lies down it frequently stretches its neck, and extends its head parallel with the ground. As the disease progresses the blisters or vesicles break, leaving raw red sores which in many cases may join each other. If the tongue is taken hold of, many times the entire tongue covering will come off on the hand. One of the characteristic signs of foot and mouth disease is the sloughing of the affected membranes. In ordinary stomatitis, or sore mouth of calves, or in forage abrasions with infection, the affected part is oftimes raised and feels hard to touch; but, as has been said, in foot and mouth disease if the blister or raw sore is rubbed, dead tissue will adhere to the hand. If the foot lesions are severe, the entire hoof becomes loose, and in exceptional cases may drop off.

Hogs seldom show the characteristic mouth lesions at first, but they suffer severely with the foot lesions. The disease appears to work very rapidly in them. In the evening they may be running around and eating as usual, but in the morning while they are perfectly willing to eat, they move with the greatest difficulty. They may not be able to stand up, but move around on their knees.

The soles of their feet are swollen and hot, and the animal shows every sign of intense pain. Lesions may be later found in the mouth, but in hogs the foot lesions are generally the first symptoms noticed. Sheep are not so susceptible as cattle or hogs, but when they do become affected the foot lesions predominate.

Young hogs are more susceptible and naturally show the first symptoms. One or more of the young ones will be seen to lag behind the others. They refuse their feed, may seem to suffer from cold, shiver, will seek their sleeping quarters, be restless and anxious, ears hot and lopped down; back may be arched; they may stand cross-legged and when they walk may do so with an uncertain wabbling gait in fact they seem to be paralyzed in their hind quarters, and when handled may emit a peculiar squeal.

Dirrahoea or constipation may be present, but in most cases diarrhoea with blood-stained feces will follow constipation as food becomes decomposed in the intestines. Breathing or respiration is hurried and the animal may show signs of pain. Skin lesions present themselves

Visitation of neighbors carrying the micro-organism on their shoes from infected herds to uninfected herds are responsible for 33 per cent of the outbreaks; birds carry the infection 27.5 per cent of the outbreaks; dogs are responsible for 6.5 per cent of the outbreaks; streams and irrigation ditches are responsible for 8 per cent of the outbreaks; hogs on adjoining places in 4.5 per cent of the outbreaks; new stock from infected sources in 10 per cent of the outbreaks, and other sources 6:5 per cent of the outbreaks.

In the treatment of hog cholera, some authorities have stated that there is only one method of treatment, The Dorset Niles Method of Immunization. This treatment accepted by the farmer in its literal meaning has undoubtedly cost the farmers many millions of dollars. In all infectious contagious diseases sanitation comes first. And if hog cholera symptoms appear in your herd it is advisible to call the state veterinarian. To keep up-to-date on the subject of Hog Cholera, write The Bureau of Animal Industry, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

Money

We assure you the largest and most complete stock of Furniture, Carpets, Rugs, Stoves, etc., in the city to select from. Our buyer goes to market often and buys for cash real values in every department, therefore giving you the benefit. A comparison of our extremely low prices will convince you this is the place to buy and save on every purchase.

Just because you are half persuaded to buy from Catalogues sent out by mail order houses, stop! and consider their proposition. Besides, you are apt to be disappointed. Again we say, Come In and See what You are Buying. We will meet their prices, prices and quality considered.

Hawkins Brothers

You will find our big store completely stocked from basement to roof with everything in Furniture, Stoves, Ranges, Carpets, Rugs Draperies, Etc. Buying for spot cash always get the lowest possible prices from Manufacturers. We divide the profits with you. Besides we are here to make good every purchase.

Keep Your Money At Home Where It Does The Most Good

Without question we carry the largest and most complete line of Stoves and Ranges in the city. Any kind at the price you care to pay. We especially sell and recommend the famous Charter Oak Stoves and Ranges, a standard of merit for over 67 years. Ask your mother about the Charter Oak.

When in Springfield don't fail to visit our store whether you wish to buy or not, its' worth your while to see our lines and get our liberal prices. We meet mail order competition, prices and quality considered.

Piles

When in need of services of an expert SPECIALIST remember Dr. F. W. Diemer IS A REGULAR GRADUATE and LICENSED PHYSICIAN as well as being the OLDEST and LONGEST ESTABLISHED SPECIALIST in THIS CITY having been located here for 24 years.

This alone is a guarantee to all patients calling that they are consulting a specialist that is established. A social chat together with an HONEST and SCIENTIFIC opinion of your case will cost you nothing as CONSULTATION and ADVICE is FREE and strictly confidential. All patients calling are assured of my PERSONAL ATTENTION as I examine all cases myself, thereby giving you the benefit of my many yea-rs' experience in this special line. MY CHARGES ARE REASONABLE and within the reach of all; and remember that satisfactory arrangement can always be made for payment of same.

WOMEN you suffer from Suppressed, Irregular, Profuse or Painful menstruation, Female Weakness, Leucorrhoea, Change of Life, or any of the many ailments peculiar to women you should call at once. I have saved thousands of women from the surgeon's deadly knife.

Consumption, Cancer, Growing Tumors. Enlarged Glands, Pimples, Epliepsy, St. Vitus' Dance, Dyspepsia, Lumbago, Sciatica, Neuralgia, Paralysis, Deafness, Goitre, Rheumatism, Dropsy, Gall Stonese, Piles, Fistula, Rupture, Hydrocele, Kidney and Bladder afflitcions and all Chronic, Nervous, Blood, Skin, Genito-Urinary and Special Diseases and Weaknesses.

When suffering from Specific Blood Diseases with ulcerations of the mouth, throat and tongue, rash over the body, lose no time in consulting me. I use the genuine Prof. Ehrlich's remedy (imported from Germany) and administer the same to you right in my office; no going to the hospital, no loss of time, as you can go home immediately after the treatment. Remember, that this remedy conquers the worst form of this disease in either the primary, secondary or tertiary stages.

STOMACH con(iitions, coated tongue, perverted appetite, gases causing a ° ^ fullness and distress after eating, heartburn, palpitation, dizziness and all other conditions of stomach respond quickly to my treatment.

DESTRUCTION of the urinary canal, causing interruption to the flow of urine or inflammation of the bladder and prostate are treated by me without a cutting operation.

T£T A T)])ER and kidney diseases, frequent urination disturbing your night's sleep, pain in the back and loins, deposit in urine are all conquered by my system of treatment.