St. Louis City (part 7 of 11)

Mr. HITCHCOCK. I find myself most reluctantly obliged, contrary to the impression I first had, to vote against this proposition. No one is more strongly impressed than I with the demerits of the law granting Mr. Niedner the exclusive publishing of notices of sale in this county. It was an outrage, and I have always denounced it as such. It created a monopoly ; it was passed for treasonable purposes, and it has faithfully served those purposes. There is nothing whatever to be said in defense of the act. But while we are urged to repeal this section, in the interest of the people of this county, it is in the interest of that people, and to avoid :nflicting on them a greater evil, or the risk of one, that I am deterred from that vote. As a lawyer, I cannot but know that any measure which unsettles the title to property, causes a large amount of trouble in the end. I know that if this section were repealed, those who had legal advertising to do, would still, as now, be composed of two classes - the cautious, and the confident. The former, unwilling to risk the possibility of a mistake, or a decision against this action, would continue to advertise in this paper - just as at this time, in consequence of a doubt thrown upon the character of this as a newspaper, many persons advertise sales under deeds of trust in this paper because of this law, and also in one of the daily newspapers of the city because of the provisions usual in such deeds for "advertisement in some ne*f?paper." Such persons would still advertise in this paper, and our action as to them would fail of its purpose. I should have no such doubt, but I speak of probable results. Others, confident that the repeal was complete and effective, would not publish in this paper. Sales would be made on that theory, and the question be thus opened as to the validity of such sales and the title which passed under them. It is evident that an amount of litigation might thus be caused - wholly unjust, and which, as I think, could result only in sustaining the validity of such sales, but which would in the end be a heavier burden upon the parties interested - a very much heavier burden than is caused by the law as it now stands. For this reason, much as I regret to come to such a conclusion, I do not think it wise to take this action. The Legislature may hereafter repeal this section, without encountering the same risks ; and it is better, in my opinion, that it be postponed, in the interest of the people themselves.

There are other considerations which have been mentioned. I do not agree that this section is part of the consideration of the contract with Neidner, nor that to repeal it is to violate the contract. The power, I have not a shadow of doubt, the Convention possesses ; but I think the indirect result too serious, and must reluctantly vote "no."

Mr. ORR. If you will wait long ere 'h you will find out - and it was this: A coun AV'udge once went to Thomas Jefferson after siS j information, and Jefferson told him not l ° read any books at all. He said, " You arj a man of sense, and should be governed byTOmmon sense." Now common sen^e dictates * hat such a law as this ought not to exist, and l ? gentlemen of the bar - distinguished lawyers and judges - all differ, I am still left, wh -re I first was, with common sense; and, guidtn'by this, I shall vote in favor of the repeal of 4"ihis bill. We are here to protect the institutions of the State, and one of those institutions is called the printing press. I shall vote that it be more liberally patronised than by giving one paper the publication of all these sales.

Mr. TUI.NER. Since my connection with this body I have voted to repeal every one of the laws passed at the last session of the Legislature for the purpose of carrying Missouri out of the Union. I have voted to depose the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and the Secretary of State, and I did so because I was told we had the power to do so; and, as a matter of course, we could repeal every law obnoxious to the people. I regard this la\v as one of a series passed by the Legislature for the purpose of carrying Missouri out of the Union. I regard it as infamous outside of that attempt. It is an imposition upon the people of St. Louis which the Legislature had no right to make. I can not see how, if we had the power to depose a Governor and repeal every law passed for a special purpose, that we have no such power to repeal this law. I think, sir, some of the gentleman's constituents will not appreciate the difference. I vote aye.

the example that some of the gentlemen have set me, and explain my vote. This bill under consideration is an old acquaintance of mine, and I do not regard it as a contract by any means. I voted against the passage of this bill at the proper place, Jefferson city. It is a mistake to suppose that this bill was offered for the first time at the last session of the Legislature. The gentleman offered it at several previous sessions. I regard it as a bill highly improper. I will not use the language I employed at Jefferson city in denouncing it; but it is sufficient for me to say that I did all in my power, as the gentleman who is present (Mr. Niedner) knows, to defeat the passage of that measure.

The PRESIDENT. Yes ; and it was passed. But never, during my connection with this Convention, have I voted for the abrogation of any law except such as affected the relation of this State with the General Government ; and I can not, at this late day, go into the repeal of local statutes, because, if you repeal this hardship, there are a number of others, corporation acts, all over the State, that ought to be abrogated. If we give our attention to this description of legislation, we will be kept here for twelve months. People in all parts of the State have been imposed upon by local legislation ; and if we undertake to repeal these local acts, we shall have a very considerable job before us. Although there is scarcely any enactment more offensive to me than this, yet I am constrained to vote against its repeal for the reason I have given.

Resolved, That the President appoint a committee of three to contract with Messrs. George Knapp & Co. for the printing of five thousand copies of the debates and proceedings of the present called session of the State Convention, at rates not exceeding those heretofore agreed upon between the Convention and said George Knapp & Co. at its regular session in March last.

Resolved, That the account of George Knapp & Co. for printing five thousand copies of the proceedings and debates of the Convention be audited -by said committee ; and that the same be considered as printing for the Convention, and be paid for as other allowances of the Convention.

Resolved, That the Committee on Accounts be directed to audit and allow the accounts for stationery purchased for the use of the Convention, and also the claim for the rent of the hall occupied by the Convention, and that said claims for rent and stationery be paid as other claims and accounts of the Convention.

Mr. PIPKIN desired to be instiucted in reference to auditing the accounts of members. He had audited them at five dollars per day and twelve cents per mile. There seemed to be an impression on the part of many that the recent bill passed by the Convention reducing salaries, applied to the members of the Convention, and that the mileage was more than twelve cents per mile. If there was to be any change, he wished to know it.

Mr. BIRCH called up the bill offered by him yesterday, as chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means, stating that he had changed it in one or two particulars, so as to obviate the obje' ^ns which gentlemen entertained as to its pin ious so-called unconstitutionality.

Mr. HENDERSON. I am aware of that, and I desire it to have precedence because it is reported by a committee. What I deeire is to add the first six sections of the bill 1 introduced to the bill offered by Mr. Birch, leaving, of course, that portion of the ordinance 1 introduced, from the seventh to the eleventh section, out entirely. The design I had .in view in authorizing the Governor to issue a million of bonds in small amounts has, I think, been embraced in the ordinance introduced by the chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means (Mr. Birch). Hence, it will be entirely unnecessary to provide for the issue of a million of bonds as I provide, provided the ordinance introduced by the gentleman from Clinton, as chairman of the committee, shall receive the concurrence of the Convention. My idea - and it seems to be the same that operated on the minds of the committee - was to have something in the shape of an evidence of indebtedness to be issued to the disbursing officers under the military bill, and that could be used in payment of the debts due to the soldiers under that bill. That view was entertained by the committee. I must confess a difficulty presented itself to my mind in drafting any ordinance on this subject. That difficulty is this : There is a prohibition in the Constitution of the United States preventing any State from issuing bills of credit. Upon the first presentation of the ordinance by the gentleman from Clinton, it struck me that that ordinance was within the constitutional prohibition. I have examined, however, the case which went up from Chariton county in this State, in 1830, and also a case in Kentucky, in 1837, and am inclined to think, after the examination of these cases, that the changes made by the gentleman from Clinton in this ordinance, this morning, making them transferable only by special assignment, when issuing them in payment of indebtedness, will remove any defects which I may have imagined existed in the original bill. I do not think evidence of indebtedness would be any constitutional prohibition unless it be clearly designed to serve as a medium of exchange. There are some objections to the ordinance as it now stands. I object to that portion of it which provides that these certificates shall be receivable by officers in payment of taxes the present year, or any given year. It may be that $1,000,000 will absorb the taxes of Missouri for the next two years, and it may be advisable that a portion of the taxes shall be paid into the treasury in money. I make no objections to the gentleman's bill. I think, perhaps, the same objections exist to the fifth section of my ordinance that exists in his own. If his are denominated bills of credit, mine will be also ; the intention is to use them to pay indebtedness. The gentleman intends it, and so do I, and both may by some be regarded as bills of credit. But as they now stand I do no think they come within the constitutional prohibition. The gentleman proposes only $1,OUO,000 of these certificates shall be issued. Gentlemen are aware that $1,000,000 will go but a little ways towards paying the indebtedness that will soon accrue in arming and equipping the troops of this State - that is, if any considerable number should be raised ; and I apprehend, although the power of drafting will not be resorted to - and I am glad of it - that there is every probability that volunteers will rally to the standard of the State, and drive out the invaders from our soil j or, at least, more men can be procured than we can raise money for. It seems to me that a million of dollars is a small amount ; and if there should be a constitutional objection to the ordinance - and it should be remembered that we have the Supreme Court of Missouri to act (for gentlemen would not agree with me in the propriety of turning them all out - because 1 am somewhat radical on this subject, I will admit) - I say it should be remembered that we have left them to adjudicate upon the acts of this Convention j and that being the case, it is better to have some outside provisions upon which we can fall back.

Mr. HALL of Randolph proposed to add the remaining sections of Mr. Henderson's bill, from 7 to 11 inclusive, and to strike out that portion of the bill offered by Mr. Birch. He said, under the ordinance offered by the Committee of Ways and Means the whole revenue might be absorbed, but under the ordinance proposed by the gentleman from Pike there could be but $250,000 of the bonds authorized or applied for any particular year, leaving a portion of the revenue to go into the State treasury in money. He thought great inconvenience and injury might result from having all the revenue paid in these certificates. That was the substantial reason which controlled him in offering this amendment. So far as the efficiency of both ordinances was concerned, he did not know any particular difference. His impression was that the means to carry out this war would have to be furnished by the General Government. He understood means had been so furnished to other States, and also, to some extent, in this State. We must rely on the Federal Government, for we are doing what it is the duty of the Federal Government to do j and he had no doubt the Federal Government would furnish the means to accomplish the object at which we aimed.

Mr. McFERRAN proposed that the remaining sections of Mr. Henderson's ordinance be added, but that Mr. Birch's be allowed to remain in statu quo.

Mr. BIRCH said he understood the amendment proposed by the gentleman from Randolph (Mr. Hall) was a substitute for the bill reported by the Committee on Ways and Means. He proposed to address himself briefly to that subject, and give the views which governed one member of the committee - and he believed a majority - in proposing the bill under consideration. We now had in the State $200,000 in the care of a disbursing agent, and to whom all such warrants as proposed by his bill would be presented and liquidated. His ordinance proposed, mainly, that the men now , fighting under our flag might be furnished all the necessary supplies. If the Government has not the money, he might have the means of furnishing these supplies by paying out these warrants; and these warrants may be

This recognition of the services of the men would be best done in the manner proposed by his bill. If the General Government continued to furnish money, as it is its constitutional duty to do, these would be the best warrants in the State ; and so far as their being absorbed was concerned, he felt sure they would be regularly redeemed on Second street. He had had transactions at the Government office this morning, and was familiar with the mode which he proposed. It might be advantageous to add the last sections of the bill offered by the gentleman from Pike (Mr. Henderson) ; but to strike out the bill reported by the committee and substitute the gentleman's bill in its place would contemplate an utterly different arrangement, and our troops would have no warrant or recognition of their services whatever until the State could realize money on her bonds. He believed every gentleman would admit the State of Missouri could not go into competition with the United States on these bonds, and while he would not shrink from the task which they had undertaken - even if Missouri bonds should be reduced to ten cents on the dollar - yet he thought there was no necessity at present for taking a step which would lead to that result. .

Mr. HALL of Randolph said he would accept the proposition of the gentleman from Davis, (Mr. McFerran,) and simply add the sections named. He could move to strike out afterwards.

Mr. McFerran's motion was lost. The question then being on agreeing to Mr. Birch's bill as amended by the addition of the first six sections of Mr. Henderson's bill,

Mr. PHILLIPS asked if it would not be in order to offer the whole of the bill as presented by the gentleman from Pike (Mr. Henderson) as a substitute for the bill reported by the gentleman from Clinton.

A point of order was here raised and discussed at some length. Finally, the vote was taken on the passage of Mr. Birch's bill as amended by the addition of the first six sections of Mr. Henderson's bill, and the bill as amended passed - ayes 37, noes 14. Mr. WOOLKOLK offered the following: Be it Resolved by the People of Missouri in Convention assembled, as follows: That, as many of our loyal citizens have entered into the service of the State of Missouri for the purpose of repelling invasion, suppressing insurrection, and enforcing the laws of the Union in this State, which duties the Constitution imposes upon the Federal Government ; and believing that the citizen soldiery of the State - acquainted as they are with persons and localities - are more effective for suppressing f he civil and social war in our midst, and restoring and preserving law and order, than troops from other States ; and further believing that the militia system should be maintained, as many of our citizens will enter the service of the State who would be unable or unwilling to enlist as Federal soldiers; and whereas the financial condition of the State of Missouri renders it impracticable to provide for the arming, maintenance and pay of such volunteer militia, - we do therefore, in the name of the people of Missouri, petition the Government of the United States to provide for the maintenance and payment of such militia as have enlisted, or may hereafter enlist, in the service of the State during the existence of the present civil and social war in our midst.

Resolved, That the Governor be directed to proceed to Washington, to make known to the General Government the condition of the State, its military organization and finances, and to propose to that Government such measures as will enable the State to cooperate efficiently in the prosecution of the present war.

An Ordinance Respecting The State Reve Nue And The Payment Of Officers

Be it ordained by the People of the State of Missouri in Convention assembled, That the several Collectors be allowed until the first day of March next to collect and pay in the State revenue j and that so long as the Banks of the State continue to maintain their present showing of ultimate solvency, their notes shall be received for State revenue and paid out for State salaries.

" The existence of this Convention shall terminate on the day of the assembling of the Legislature to be elected in eighteen hundred and sixty-two, and in the interim shall be subject to be called together by the Governor if, in his opinion, the exigencies of the State demand it."

Source changes here: from Saint Louis : the Future Great City of the World : with Biographical Sketches of the Representative Men and Women of St. Louis and Missouri, by Reavis, L. U, published 1876; 764 words in this source stream.

Historical Review Introductory

IN presenting to the public a Centennial work on St. Louis, a city which we believe is destined to become the great metropolis of the world, it is proper that the discussion of a claim so pretentious be introduced by a brief historical sketch of her foundation, growth, and elements of civilization.

Such a sketch would enable the interested reader to obtain a limited knowledge of the founding and growth of St. Louis, from the first rude settlement by French pioneers, made on the primitive shore of the Mississippi, when wild beasts and savages contested with white men the empire over nature, on through frontier struggles, financial evolutions and constantly-accumulating wealth, to the city of civilization that she now is.

If it be true - as I hope to establish by the plainest and most incontrovertible facts and arguments - that St. Louis is destined to be the great city of the world - the all-directing head and central moving heart of the accumulated civilization of the great family of man, the facts of her history will in time, be sought by citizens and writers, with an eagerness and a zeal never before called out by the special interest of any other city - not even of Jerusalem, nor of Rome.

The facts and circumstances which foreshadowed the destiny of St. Louis - a destiny so important - will not only be of vast moment to the people of the Mississippi Valley, but of this nation, and even interesting to the world.

The biography of cities destined to become great, like that of individuals born to a life of distinction, is always found to be full of interesting incidents foreshadowing their fame and greatness. The life of the one is analogous to the life of the other. And if the exile or the refugee from one land becomes the hero and benefactor of another, the city founded in the wilderness by the pioneer and the missionary, far away from their native homes, may be also born to greatness. The eventful experience of the one finds a parallel in the history of the other ; therefore, if the curiosity of the mind is excited, and the understanding delighted by reading the biography of the great man, it will, with equal interest, peruse the biography of the great city ; hence the propriety of narrating the historic career of St. Louis, and especially when the evidence, as will hereafter be presented, is so overwhelmingly in favor of her future greatness and power.

The spirit of modern civilization is different in its operation and character from the social forces of by-gone eras. It is more catholic in its objects, more active and concentrated in its energy, and has wonderfully abridged the time formerly necessary for historical events to work out their accomplishment. Under the singular velocity generated by a more advanced civilization it has imparted, the scenes and changes of the human drama are enacted so swiftly that the prophecy of to-day, is either authenticated or disproven by the developments of to-morrow. It is this fact which gives us confidence to proclaim the destiny of St. Louis as represented in this book. Already the currents of our civic and political progress are shaping towards its development, and it will not require many years to make it more clearly evident. There are many who now believe in the future of St. Louis as the leading city of the continent and the capital of the United States, who six years ago looked with incredulity upon such prognostications, and regarded them as mere dreams of ardent minds. The agitation of the question has also spread abroad the fame of our stately and expanding city, and a conviction of the glorious future before her is growing rapidly, not only among our own citizens, but among those disconnected in every way with our municipal interests.

Believing earnestly as we do, in this future, our object is to foster an intelligent anticipation of it in the public mind; and if our volume assists to accomplish this object, it will not have been written in vain, and the time and labor necessary to group and present the facts and argument it contains will be amply repaid.

We, therefore, cannot consider this work complete without some review of the history of St. Louis. The Past often interprets the Future, and is always interesting in connection with it ; and, as an appropriate introduction, we present the following historical review, with which are incorporated some valuable and significant statistics, illustrating our present social and commercial condition.

Source changes here: from Child's Geography and History of St. Louis City, by Sisters of Saint Joseph, South St. Louis Mo. [from Old Catalog], published 1886; 14,166 words in this source stream.

Sisters Of Saint Joseph South St. Louis

'" Th3 historian and the geographer work toward each other, - the historian going back from the acts of men to study the scene which have conditioned their life, the geographer going forward from the study of the habitat of men to that of their deeds. :'

Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1886, by Sisters of St. Joseph, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.

Preface

In order to follow the requirements of our manual, it will doubtless b« found necessary to gi\ e Third Grade classes, drills in the General Questions concerning the state, before entering on the chapter - Navigation on the Miasissippi.

It has been proposed that this book be used in the fourth quarter of the Second Grade, that on taking up the work of the Third Grade, pupils may b% accustomed to the reading of the lessons. The teacher will be xhe best judge as to the ability of the pupil to take in " Navigation on the Mississippi and Railroads" before obtaining the required information concerning their State.

Motions of the earth should be taught by means of a small globe. Definitions of natural divisions may be given as dictation exercises to be copied from the board. The Fourth Grade, requiiing United States in outline, bring i» the questions given under General Review. The teacher should select those she deems most suitable.

The Fourth Grade should be provided with a map of the United States showing the principal railroads. By this means the various places to be reached from their own city may be traced, and the manner of travel described.

The thirty-six squares of a township should be drawn by pupils in Second Grade by east and west, north and south lines. The map of the city should be drawn in parts according as the class becomes acquainted with the various localities, then the map of the State, and finally of the United States tracing the work from pupil's own State. Next map drawing should be that of North America, with review of the work pieviously learned.

In this way the directions of the manual for Third and Fourth Grades will l>e followed. The book should accomplish all Geographical work required iu Seeond, Third, and Fourth Grades.

Map Of Part Of The

"THOWINC the Principal Public Pleasure Crounds, Cemeteries, -D Streets and Places of Importance in the City; also the City n connection with the river, and the surrounding villages.

Chi Lit X Geography Of St. Louis Lesson

The pupil having answered such questions as: How high is this room, f Haw long is it f How wide ? What direction do you the from the schoolhovset Point to your home. Standing with your right hand to the river name the opposite direction. What direction do you lire from the river ? What direct ion is this school from the rimrf With your right hand toward fh< river what direction are you facing? What is the. opposite direction t Tn what direction do the Fifth street cars run? The Market street cars f Point to South St. Louis or Carondelet. Point to East St. Louis.

Where doep the water go which falls to the ground? Most of the flowing water which falls in our state flows into the 31 is sissippi rirer. Some sinks into the ground, until it comes to rocks or clay upon which it flows along and then bursts out below the surface; and som* of it returns into the clouds through the air.

It flows in little streams called rivulets, brook* and creeks. A sud- -'. n descent of water is called, a water fall. A stream of fresh water flowing into the sea or other body of water is called a river. What then is our river ?

A stream of fresh water flowing into the sea. What do we call the sea into which our ilver flows? The Gulf of Mexico. What direction is the Gulf from our city !

The Child'S Geography Of St. Louih

What do you mean by the source ? The place where it rises. Where does the Mississippi rise and where is its mouth ? It rises in Minnesota, and its mouth is at the Gulf of Mexico. What do we call the earth beneath the river ?

We call it the bed of the river. What do we call the whole space between the banks from top to bottom ? We call this the channel of the river. At what times does the Mississippi overflow its banks, and what causes these overflows?

In January, and from March to June. The first is caused by the fall and winter rains ; the second, from the melting of the snow in its upper basin.

Lesson Ii Bridge And Tunnel

It was designed by Captain Bads, begun in 1867, and completed in 7874-. It is two stories high. The lower story for the steam cars has a double car track, and the upper story has two horse-car tracks, two carriage ways, and two foot- ways.

The Child'S Geography Of St. Louis 5

Over what, do the two roads pass when they reach the St. Louis side Over a viaduct of five drches of twenty-seven feet span each, to Washington Arenac.

The houses on the streets running parallel with the river are numbered north a nd south from Market Street. Those running east and west take their numbers from the river. Each street passing on to a new hundred.

It is built in the form of a Greek cross of Grecian architecture, built of Genevieve Limestone. The front is adorned with beautiful porticoes. It cost £ 1,200,000.

It occupies the square formed by Clark Avenue and Spruce Streets on the mirth and south ; Eleventh and Twelfth Streets on the east and west. The mansion of Henry Chouteau stood on this site.

It is three hundred and thirty feet long, and forty-four feel deep, and three stories Mgh. There is a space of twenty-five feet between the building

To the use of the Criminal Court, Court of Criminal Correction, Police Court of the First District, and the Police Department. Only three Courts are held in the building, why then is it called ":Four Courts V Because of its resemblance to the Four Courts at Dublin. What material forms the building and what is the estimated cost ? Cream colored Joliet stone. It cost about $1,000,000. Where is the City Jail ?

Corner of Olive and Eighth Streets. It is built of Maine granite, with rose colored granite trimmings, three stories in height and has a Freneji roof It cost about $5,000,000. What can you hay of the Chamber of Commerce ?

It is five stories high, wholly built of gray limestone and cost $800,000. Where is the wholesale business of St. Louis carried on ? It is confined to Front, Second, Third, and Main Street*. Front Street is one hundred feet wide.

Public Pleasure Grounds

What is the estimated value of Tower Grove Park, and hy whom were the bronze statues of Shakespeare and Yon Humboldt presented to this park ?

Where is the Missouri Botanical Garden, how commonly known, and why J.' 11 is situated on Shaw's Are////'' west of Gr-and Avenue and is known as Shaw's Garden, because Mr. Shaw has maintained it for many years at his own expense j under his personal directivn, it has grown from //ear to year until il is one of the finest places of the kind in the country.

Mr. Shaw is an Englishman by birth. He arrived in St. Louis. May 4., 1819) where he established himself in the hard/rare business. He succeeded in this so well that in twenty years, being then only forty //ears old, lie retired from business will/ a large fortune. He traveled for about ten years, and, on his return, employed his time in cultivatin - plants. Tints commenced Shaw's garden.

Lesson

June 25, 1876, on the unveiling of the bronze statue of Edward Bates, formerly attorney- general, in President Lincoln's cabinet, which statue teas placed within the bounds of this park.

It owes much of its beauty to the Hirer des Peres, a romantic little stream traversing the Pari- from northwest to southeast. A number of small If/Ires and cascades are fed by this river. Handsome drives and shad// walks traverse the Park, and fine buildings, pagodas, music-stands, dv. have been built ; while man// other (effractions are //earl// added.

It is situated one and a half miles southeast of the Court House, between Mississippi Park and Lafayette Avenue. It is one of the oldest parks in the city, and rmi la ins thirty acres. The Park and improvements are valued at one million one hundred, ana I fifty thousand dollars.

It comprises ISO acres, is situated on South Ninth Street, between Loughborough and Kansas Avenues. The //round cost $165,000 and the remaining forty thousand, appropriated by the Legislature for its purchase cud improvement, was used in fitting up the grounds in their present attractive manner.

St. Louis Park, hounded by Pen ton, Herbert, West Eighteenth Streets, given to the city in IS '^8 for a pleasure ground by Col. John </ Fallon. Cor. Mutter, and others. Estimated worth $150,000. G Fallon Park on the Bellefontaine road, contains about 150 acres, worth (.'Jf3J7.'f. Hyde Park lies between Salisbury Street, Bremen Avenue, Twelfth and Fourteenth Streets. Besides these there are Gravois Park. Curr Square, Washington Square, St. Louis Place, &c.

Lesson Vi

// is bounded on the north by the township of Central and St. Louis City, on lite east by the river, on the south by the Meramec, which separates it from Jejfi rson Couutp, and on the west by Bonhomme Township.

In 1823, St. Mary and St. Joseph's parish was formed ly the Right Reverend Bishop Dubourg of the diocese of St. Louis. A small log church was put up at the north-east corner of the west half of the block, reserved for the church. The first curate was Rev. Jean Audissio. In 1835 Father S mlnier replaced the log church by a new and a much larger one. What building occupies the block next south of the church?

Note

Here should bo introduced map exercises, requiring the children to locate the following: Fourth street; Washington avenue; the Bridge ; Court-house ; Union Depot: Waterworks; the principal Parks; Mississippi River; East St. Louis ; [Jrooklyn ; Venice; Arsenal Island; Carondelet; Kirkwood ; mouth of the Missouri River; Alton; St. Charles ; Ferguson, and Belleville. Pupils should make maps to correspond with the required locations. They should also be taught to make proper connections between their sketches and their surroundings as given in the map of St. Louis. The teacher is the best judge as to the definitions to be required. Having located the principal places in and around the city the pupil should now be taught the state in outline i. e. its boundaries ; relation of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers to the State ^Capital ; Kansas City; Hannibal; Ste. Genevieve; Chillicothe; Brookfield; St. Joseph; Sedalia. The use of wall maps will teach the child how to locate those places in reference to St Louis These exercises 6hould accompany all that follows.

Lesson Vii

Who can give me some of the differences between winter and summer ? Various answers, such as: Christmas comes in winter, and Fourth of July t? summer; toe fish in summer, butwe skate in winter; there is snow in win-

(< r, and the grass is green in summer ; the trees are hare in winter, and are covered with leaves in summer ; some trees have fruit in summer; we wear imrm clothes in, winter, and light cool ones in summer; our windows and doors arc left open in .mi miner, but closed to keep out the cold in winter &c.

It has very large leaves, six or seven inches broad . They are shaped like a heart, smooth and pale green on the upper side, downy underneath. The blossoms hang in clusters are a pure delicate white ; the inner part delicately sprinkled with violet spots. They are very beautiful.

Its branches growlow and are drooping. Its outlines are regularly rounded ; its surface close and compact. Its leaves are composed of seven leaflets, when they first unfold they h a ve a cotton-like down which falls off when they are full grown.

Ornamental And Shade Trees

The Walnut-tree has a smooth, gray bark ; its leaves are over a foot long .- they are composed of six or eight leaflets ending by an odd one. The nuts grow on the end of the young shoots, and are covered with a thick bark, which rots away. The tree is generally about sixty or seventy feet in, //eight and its trunk about three or four feet in diameter.

It grows to about the same height as the Walnut-tree. The leaves are arranged much as (hose of the walnut. The nuts are contained in a somewhat four-sided JiusJc ; they are about an inch long; smooth and cylindrical.

ft grows to a. height of sixty or eighty feet ; its trunk is of ten fifty or sixty feet without branches-; its bark is rough ; leaves composed of leaflets with an odd one.

Its lea res are three or four inches long, unequal in size, famed on a stalk about one inch long; the leaves are oral and the edges are toothed.

The Sassafras tree grows to a height of about forty or fifty feet. Its bark has an agreeable smell and taste, and is good to purify the blood; its leaves are glassy, deep green, oval, or three lobed. The blossoms are yellow and appear in small dusters in May. Its fruit is a small, deep blue berry seated on a foot-stalk or cup.

There are sere rat kinds of Willows, from the shrub of three or four inches in height, to lofty end /ride spreading trees of fifty or sixty feet. Their branches ere slender and flexible. There are the Weeping willow, the White willow, the (lot den iritlo/r, the Russel willow and the Profuse flowering willow.

The White willow and Russell willow have a pleasing, light green color. The Golden willow is remarkable for its bright yellow bark. The Weeping willow is graceful, elegant and interesting.

Because the drooping branches form in soft flowing lines and move with the slightest breeze. It is said to be interesting because of its Scriptural and: poetical associations.

The Cypress tree was at one time used in cemeteries instead of the Weeping willow ; but if has since been thought that its gloomy shade, and its thick, heavy foliage were not the proper ornaments among the tombs.

Lesson Ix

You will learn of many varieties of these evergreens when you grow older. Now there are two very importaut trees which grow all around us, I mean the Oak. and the Maple. Will some one tell me of each of these!

I have seen the White oak, its leaves are a shining green on top, and the other side is pale. They are lobed. The Black Jack has very large leaves, broad at the top and, sometimes bristle-pointed; shining above and rusty beneath. It reaches a height of twenty-five or thirty feet and is cut down for fuel. The Scarlet oak is a. fine large tree. Its leaves are lobed mid sometimes toothed, bright, green, and shining. In autumn its leaves are scarlet. The Red oak has deeply colored leaves, which turn to a dark red before they

The Maple is considered the best tree to be planted for shade. It is clear, shady and cool, grows rapidly, transplants easily, and produces no suckers.

Fruit Teees

It is an American tree, but may be seen in other countries oftener than in its own. Its trunk is smooth and finely porportioned ; its leaves are curiously shaped, smooth and, shining. Its blossoms are lily-like. Its foliage is dear, lustrous, dark-green and rich. It of ten grows to the height of one h a nd red and thirty feet.

Fruit Trees

Who can name some other fruits besides the apple whose leaves are arranged alternately on thestem, have shiny flowers with five petals, and sire inserted in a <\*lvx !

The Pear, the quince, the apricot, the peach, the cherry, the plum, the strawberry, the raspberry, and the blackberry. !)<» you know any beautiful flower whose parts have the same qualities 1 Yes, the rose. Teacher - Right, and all these fruits we have just nunfinned as loell as the rose belong to the Rose family. Yon will learn all this in your Science Lesson next year. You have all heard such expressions hs, "sweet as a rose" "rosy cheeks," "soft as a rose leaf", and the beautiful Hues from Moore:

-- Hearts open, like the season's rose The floweret of a hundred leaves, Expanding when the dew-fall flows And every leaf its balm receives. " We shall think more of the beautiful blossoms of our fruit tree* when we know they are related to this favorite flower. Mention the trees ou which the blossoms appear before the leaves. The Peach tree, the Nectarine, and, the Almond tree. The fruit of the peach has a doiony covering while that of the Nectarine is smooth; but both have been known to grow on the same tree.

Lesson Xt Vines And Roses

A vine is a woody climbing plant. The long slender stem that trails on the ground. The Prairie Rose, the Wisteria, the Japan Honeysuckle, the Med and Yellow Trumpet Honeysuckle, the sweet scented- Clematis, and the American fry are ornamental vines.

The Prairie Roses are known to almost every one by their many double flowers, so double, that they look like pouting buds rather than full-blown roses.

The Wisteria vine bears the most delicate blossoms, of a tint between pearl and lilac, each bunch of bloom, shaped like that of a locust tree, but nearly a foot long. They hang gracefully from, branches just starting into tender green foliage

The Red and Yellow Trumpet Honeysuckles when planted together and allowed, to interweave their tranches, present a most novel and beautiful appearance ; the delicate straw-color of the flower tubes of the one, contrasts pleasingly with those of the deep coral-red, hue of the other.

The European 1 ry the best of climbers, is perfectly evergreen. The Virginia Creeper, or American, Ivy grows more rapidly than the European plant, clings in the same way to wood or stone, and makes rich festoons of verdure

Bourbon roses are the hardiest and most easily cultivated. They are the most U rely in form and color and many of them the richest in fragrance. Among these are the pale flesh color, the purplish crimson, the deep rose, the cha 1 1 U cable carmine, and the white.

Perpetual roses are large and fragrant as damask or province roses. Among these are the deep rose, eery large, the pale rose, the light crimson, the fine deep pink, and the dark crimson.

China roses are less fragrant but more constantly in bloom and have bright, rich colors. There are the pale flesh color rose, bright crimson, pure white brilliant crimson, and blush rose.

Tea Roses are most refined of all roses. There arc the rich deep fawn ; the salmon, shaded with rose ; the bright rose, large and fragrant ; the cream 1/ ndiite; the glossy bronze, and the beautiful shaded white.

It is the queen of flower 'S, always and forever. Fashion never wearies of it though there are other ornaments gayer, riclier, more dazzling and fragrant ; and the foliage of many plants hare lea res more glossy and green: yet we all feel " What were life without the rose."

Lesson Xii

The different kinds of ordinary grassess together with food plants : Rye, oats, Barley, Rice, Wheat, 8 u gar-cane, Indian Corn, Bamboo, and Reeds. There are about four thousand species.

Who can repeat some pretty lines about the ordinary grasses 1 "Here I come creeping, creeping everywhere ; When you're numbered until the dead In your still and narrow bed, In the happy spring HI come And, deck your silent home, Creeping silently, creeping everywhere. " In the United States alone what is the estimated annual value of the agricultural products of the cereals ?

About seven hundred millions of dollars. Which U the best season to sow wheat? /// autumn. This wheat is harvested the following summer. Winter-wheat sown in spring will ripen the same year. How did maize receive the name of Indian corn \

On the discovery of America, the Indians were found cultivating this arain, and as all grains in Europe are called corn, tJic European discoverers named this Indian corn. What is Sorghum?

A genus of tall grasses or canes, of which some species, csj ecially the Holms art' largely used in the East as fodder, and have a swettisji juice which has been used for the manufacture of sugar.

Lesson Xiii Mosses And Ferns

You have all seen ferns and moeeep, wheie do they grow best ? Ferns thrive best in damp places. Who can repeat some lines about the Lady Fern ?

" Where the copse-wood is the greenest, Where the fountain glistens she enest. Where the morning dew lies longest There the Lady Fern grows strongest." What can you say of mosses ''

Mosses are interesting little evergreens with distinct leaves and often a distinct stem. They are fond of moisture, shade, and retirement. They are found in the hottest as well as in the coldest climates, amidst hot sands and cold snows. "And the cool dews of night on the mountain fern fell, And the// (/listened upon the green mosses as well; And the fern loved the mountain, the moss loved the moor, For the ferns were the rich, and the mosses the poor. And thus and forever where'er the ferns grow There surely the mosses lie sparkling below ; And thus they both Jlourish, where naught grew before, And they both deck the woodland, and mountain, and moor." T>o foreigners think that we appreciate the vegetable productions of ear country? No, foreigners who go through our forests wonder why we should send across the ocean for thousands of dollars worth of trees and plants, far inferior to those they see before them.

First our Tulip-tree, the Germans make avenues of it ; second, our Magnolias are planted with the greatest care and taste in France. Our Native Holly is a general favorite ; while the pleasure grounds of England arc ornamented with clumps and masses of our Mountain Laurel, our Azaleas, mid Rhododendrons. Americans go to England to sec the natural beauties of their otcn country.

Lesson Xiv Other Productions

What can you say of the stock-iaisinjr advantages of Missouri? /. Its facility for shipping all kinds of stock; ~\ its growth of blue grass tind clover ; 3, the large amount of surplus produce available for wintering and stall feeding ; Jh the cool temperature of its streams and the great number of unfailing springs and wells.

Missouri is considered the best grape-growing stale in the Union. There are 5,000,000 acres of choice vine land in southern 3fissouri alone.

county in the state, in some sections being of the richest quality and inexhaustible. Iron Mountain is the largest exposure and purest body of iron known. Lead exists in great quantities through the magnesian lines of the rock, slate, and gravel beds of Southern Missouri. The Lead Production of Missouri is greater titan that of all the other States of the Union. It is principally yielded by two great fields, the one in the south-east and the other in the south-ioest portion of the state. The south-eastern lead district Jefferson, Washington, Franklin, Crawford, Iron, St. Francois, St. Genevieve, Madison, Wayne, Reynolds, and Carter counties ; and the south-western district, Jasper, Newton, Lawrence, Stone, Barry, and Mc- Donald counties. Cobalt, JMcldc, Zinc, Copper, and Manganese occur tit rough the state. The Salt springs in Howard Canity contain about 1,000 grains to the gallon.

Before beginning Navigation on the Mississippi, the pupils should be required to give the United States in outline, that is to bound it ; locate Dominion of Canada ; Atlantic and Pacific oceans ; Gulf of Mexico. Tell what they know of the Rocky Mountains; the Alleghany Mountains; the Great Lakes: the St. Lawrence. River.

Give the situation of Capes Prince of Wales, Charlee, Hatteras, ' S; 1 le and San Lucas; Behring and Florida straits, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Hudson Bay and Carribean Sea. Describe the principal rivers of North America. Reivew situation and boundaries of Missouri. Have the pupils trace on the map in their order Iowa, Des MoinesRiver, Mississipi River, Illinois, Alton, Mouth of the Missouri River. Meramec River, Ohio River, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, St. Francois River, Iron Mountain, Big Black River. White River, Ozark Mountain. Indian Territory, and Kansas.

When pupils have become familiar with this tracing, they ghoul J sketch the map in the same order. They should do the work themselves, and bear ni mind that work in Geography is chiefly in matters of location, form and relation.

Lesson Xv Navigaton On Thb Mississippi

The fly-boats and barges such as we have now, were the kind of craft mostly in use on the Mississippi and its navigable tributaries ; also the bark canoes, and Mackinaw boat.

What caused this slow progress ? The crookedness of the river, its treacherous currents, shoals, and snags. & I a one place a circuit of fifty-four miles had to be made for an actual gain. of only Jin- niihs. Besides this the dangers of meet lug with river pirates.

Aug. 2, 1817. It was named the Pike and was built by Mr. Prentiss at Henderson, Ky. She made two hundred and fifty miles in sixty-seven hours. was earn ma n ded by Copt. Joseph Reed.

The hull was built on the model of the barge; a cabin was situated on the lower deck. It was driven by a low-pressure engine with a walking-beam. The inhabitants of the then little village gathered, on the bank to welcome the novel visitor. Among them were some Indians. The glare of the furnace fires and the volumes of murky smoke filled tit e Indians with dismay ; their superstitious i magi nations beheld a monster, breath in g flames and, threate/. ing the destruction of the red man.

Name the first steam-boat to enter the Missouri. I tmThe Independence. It sailed from St. Louis, May I. IS 19, reached Franklin, on the Missouri after a voyage of thirteen days, four days being spent at different landings.

Northern was organized in Jane, 1881, with a capital stock of §> 100,000. The company transacts a , ge ner al passenger and freight business between St. Paul and St. Louis and owns the following boats: "Gem City," "Eagle" "Alexander" "Mitchell," "Minneapolis" "War Eagle" "Northwestern" 'Belle of Li Crosse" and "Centennial."

In 1867, by Joseph Reynolds. Its boats are the Mary Norton, Libbie Conger, Diamond Jo, Josephine, and Josie. This line is used principally in the produce trade on the upper Mississippi.

Lesson Xvi

It was organized and chartered in 1859, as the Memphis and St. Louis Packet Company. It owns the following steamers : Hen Lewis, J. H. Dickey, Platte Valley, J. D. Perry, St. Joseph, Belle of Memphis, City of Cairo. City of Vi.cksburg, (/rand Tower, City of Chester, and others.

/// June, 1878, and incorporated during the same month : it owns the City of New Orleans, City of Alton, and J. Scudder. What can you say of the St. Louis and New Orleans Packet Company ?

It teas the successor of the Atlantic and Mississippi Steamship Company, teas organized in May, 1869. The following are among some of its boats: Olive Branch, Pauline Carroll, and Lady Lee.

If max established in 1870 ; it connected at Columbus with the Mobile and Ohio Railroad ; at Memphis, with the Mississippi and Tennessee Pailroad and Memphis and Charleston Railroad and with several other points.

St. Louis and Omaha Packet Company; the St. Louis and Peoria Packet Company; St. Louis, Cincinnati, Huntington, and Pittsburgh Packet Company ; the Merchants' St. Louis and Arkansas River Packet Company; and the Ouachita River Packets.

Lesson Xvij History Of Toe First Railroad In St. Louis

At a meeting held June, 1851, the following resolution was passed: That the route through Chouteau Pond valley and the valley of the Des Peres to the Meramec valley, end up the Meramec valley for a distance of thirty-nine in ilen from St.' Louis commencing at Fourteenth street, he adopted as the first division of the Pacific Railroad. This having been put uud r contract, the first spadeful of earth was removed in the absence of the Cover nor by the I hen in a//or of the city, Hon. L. Kennett, on Jul// 4, u.51, in the presence of a large and enthusiastic audience. This memorable event t< < k place on the south bank of Chouteau pond.

Nov. 1, 1855, the train, consisting of fourteen passenger a rs, started from Seventh Street depot, St. Louis. It had rained heavily the idght before, yet Hi" traiii proceeded in safety until the Gasconade River mas readied. The bridge across this stream gave way, and ten of the cars fell a distance of twenty-five or thirty feet. The engine reversed its position, wheels upward. Some of the cars plunged on those beneath them with their ponderous wheels, and crushed or maimed the unfortunate persons l>< low. Only one, the extreme car, maintained its position on the rail. To add to the horror of the scene a storm of lightning, thunder, and rain, of the severest description arose.

Hon of the Missouri Pacific, the Texas and Pacific, the international and (treat Northern Railroads covering Jive thousand nine hundred and forty lour miles of railways directly in the interest of St. Louis. The region drained by this system covers the whole country from the Mexican portion to the Mississippi, from Omaha to the Gulf. JSew Lines are being built in many part* of the Southwest. The Fort Worth and, Denver Road belong to this system. It is a part of the Gould system which embraces in addition to the ioads already named the Wabash. St. Louis and Pacific Railroad, system both east and west of the river. It is understood that the true interests of (his vast system will be to make St. Louis its grand centre. All the General Offices are in St. Louis. The Iron Mountain Road runs from St. Louis to Texarkana on the border between Arkansas and Tixas. From Bismarck Missouri a branch leads to Belmont on the Mississippi at which point connection is made with the system of roads east of the Mississippi River. The Atlantic and Pacific teas chartered July 27, 1866, was duly organized in October. The St. Louis and San Francisco Railway Company is the successor of the southwest branch of the Missouri Pacific.

Lesson Xix

It is one of the earliest enterprises in Missouri, was chartered February 16, 1847, and ground was broken in Hannibal early in November, 1851.

May 6, 1874, by consolidating the St. Louis and Iron Mountain Railway Company, the Arkansas Bnnu'h of the same, the Cairo Arkansas and Texas Railroad Company, and the Cairo and Fulton Railroad Company. The through line was opened in /811,.

On the 20th of September, 1865, the Union Pacific Railroad. Company \ Southern Branch, was incorporated for the construction of a railroad 180 utiles long from Junction City. When the road was completed as far as Emporia, it passed into the hands of the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway Company which was organized, April 7, 1870.

It was incorporated by the state of Indiana, February IJ+, i 8 1^.8, by a charter authorizing the construction of a railroad from Cincinnati to *SY. Louis via Vincennes. This road is the great highway of commerce and travel between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mississippi Biter.

It is one of the most important lines of the vast net-work of the Pennsylvania Company which was chartered by the legislature of Pennsylvania, April 7, 1870, for the purpose of managing in the interest of the Pennsylvania Company the railroads leased and controlled by it west <f Pennsylvania.

The Chicago and, Alton main line extends to Chicago, making connections there with the great number of roads running to the north and east. It is five hundred and sixty-seven miles long.

How does the St. Louis Division reach points in. the northwest ? .By connecting ipUh the Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern, and Minneapolis and St. Paul Roads. The south end. of the St. Louis Division, of the Burlington passes through a rich wheat country north of Vermont. III. The corn country along the line is reached and extends on through Illinois and Iowa, and in that section are also the great dairy farms of the /rest. This road brings over four million pounds of latter to St. Louis in its refrigerator cars. The business both in and out of St. Louis is rapidly increasing.

On the J/th of April, 1S79. The road is known as the u Cotton, Belt", route. omd is a most important addition to the railroad interests of Si . Lou is.

Indianapolis and St. Louis Railroad; and the St. Louis, Alton and Terra : Haute Railroad ; Louisville and Nashville Railroad ; St. Louis and ('aire Railroad ; Toledo, Cincinnati and St. Louis Railroad ; West End Narroir- <-Uiug< Radlway ; Bast St. Louis and Carondelet Railway, and the Tunnel Railroad of St. Louis.

It is on the south side of Poplar Street, between Ninth and Twelfth, and is thr central point at which converge, the railroads entering St. Louis. It is built of brick and stone, and was erected by a company organized on the 10th of June, 1871.

Lesson Xxi Street Oars

Tin- first Street Car Corporation in St. Louis was the Missouri Railroad Company, and the first car was run on the 4th of July. 1859, the driver being the president of the company, Hon. Erastus Wells.

May 10, 1859. It was organized by an act of the Legislature of Missouri. dattul Dec. 13, 1855, and by an order of the City Council. May 6. 185,9.

/// 1859. The total length of the company's track is seven and one-half miles; the line of route being from the old city limits on the north, to the Wild Hunter's on the south, by way of Belief ontaine road, Broadway, Fifth and Seventh Streets, and Crondalet Avenue.

In July, 1S74-. The track was laid on Franklin Avenue and Morgan Street, from Fourth to Garrison Avenue. In 1864 the company extended the line from Garrison Avenue to Prairie Avenue along Easton Avenue, also from Easton Avenue along Grand Avenue, to the Fair-grounds, another extension was made in 1881 from Prairie Avenue, along St. Charles rock road to Renkelville, and along Papen Avenue to the National Bridge road and King's Highway. The total length of the Company 's lines, with extensions, is fourteen miles of single track.

In 1862 from the corner of Fourth and Pine Streets, west to Gravois road a distance of three and one-half miles. The route at present is Gravois Branch ( Yellow Cars) from Fourth Street, corner of Pine, on Ninth; Gravois road to Jefferson Avenue with extension to Tower Grove Park. Lafayette Branch

( blue cars ) run the same to Park Avenue thence north to State, Carroll, Linn and Lafayette, to Lafayette Park. This was formerly known as the Qravois Hallway.

Lesson Xxii

What can yon say of the Benton-Bellefontaine Railroad Compai y ? The construction of this road was begun in 1864, completed in 1866. The lines extend from Third Street and Washington Avenue, by way of Washington Avenue, Tenth and Eleventh Streets, to the Water liwer, the length being seven miles, single track.

Feb. '26, 186 4. The road was begun Oct. 1864 ; cars commenced running on Washington Avenue, March, 1867, and on Fourteenth Street line, May 12, 1867. Give the extent of the route.

It extends from Third and Washington to Ware and Lucas Art nuts, along Lucas Avenue to Grand Avenue, north on Grand Avenue to Delmar Avenue, west on Delmar Avenue to Vandeventer Avenue, thence north on Vandeventer Avenue to Finney Avenue, east on Finney to Grand Avenue, thence south on Grand Avenue to Morgan, connecting with blue cars to Summit Avenue, by way of Fourteenth Street and Chouteau Avenue. The offices and stables are located at No. 2305 Washington Avenue. When was the Union Railway Company chartered, and give its extent. It was chartered July 29, 1865. During this year the road, was constructed from the corner of Fourth and Locust Streets west to Hyde Park. In 1875 the lines ivere extended from Hyde Park to the Fair Grounds, and at present their entire length is eight miles of single track.

When was the Tower Gro\o md Lafayette Railway Company Chartered " March W, 1866. It was constructed and- put in operation during 1866 over Second and, Third Streets, from the corner of Fourth and Morgan to Anna Street, the whole length being six miles of track. By what principal buildings does the Mound City Line pass f

Trade, Commbsci And Manufactures 27

The Mound City 1 Arte passes by the new post-office and government building, Pope's Theatre, St. Luke's Hospital, St. Louis University. St. Louix Place Park, LmdeU Park, Base-ball Park, Fair-grounds, and Zoological Garden.

It extends north from the stables along Main Street, Carondelet road, and Jefferson Arenue, east on Pestalozzi Street, north along Eighth and Decatur Street*, mst on Lafayette to Pulton, north to Hickory, east to Fifth, north to Market, returning same to Pestalozzi, south on> Eighth to Arsenal, thence west to Jefferson Avenue and south to the stables, which are located on the north side of Dams, near Main Street. The general office is at the corner of Sixth and Walnut Streets.

Trade, Commerce And Manufactures

They are in part the result of the co-operation of soil and climate with intelligent labor ; in part from the richness of the mineral products of the state which are poured, into St. Louis. Besides this St. Louis combines more of the advantages of site and location than any other interior city in tike world. Capital, labor, an el talent are the three forces which have worked together to promote the growth, and expand the trade of St. Louis.

The Cotton manufactures ; the Hemp, Bagging and Tow manufacture ; Bread, and. Crackers. The manufacture of White Lead emd Qils, and because of its richness in the controlling mineral it is called the "City of the Iron Crown.1' Name some of the rich deposits of Iroa near St. Louis. Iron Mountain, Pilot Knob. Shepherd Mountain, and Simmon* Mountain.

What has the Stale geologist of Missouri said of the Iron fields of this state/ "If Missouri will work up her iron and coal she may become as powerful

Lesson Xxiv Iron Manufactures

It is two hundred feet high and covers an area of Jive hundred acres, and is made up almost entirely of this ore in its purest form. The quantity above the surface of the valley is estimated at two hundred million tons.

It was the property of Mr. Louis V. Bogy and others incorporated as the " Madison Iron-mining Company. " They own some °25,000 acres of land, ineluding the Knob, the Shepherd, mountain, and eight other valuable iron deposits, all in the same vicinity in Iron County, about eighty-eight miles south of St. Louis, on the line of the Iron Mountain Railroad.

No, each produces iron adapted, to various purposes, and that found at Iron Mountain is in some particulars different from the deposits of the other places. Iron Mountain ore is a hematite. Pilot Knob is blue specular. Shepherd Mountain is to some extent magnetic.

There are thirty iron works, the J/'re oldest being Mississippi Foundry, Getty, McCune and Co., Broadway Foundry, of Kingsland and, Cuddy, Eagle Foundry of Clark, Renfrew d; Co., Empire xto^e- Works of Bridge & Bros., and Excelsior Stove- Works of Giles F. Filley.

Lesson Xxv Manufacture Of Other Minerals

The purest and whitest sand for the manufacture of flint glass is found in great quantities but a short distance from St. Louis, < n the Mississippi Birer both above and below. Here is the best lead market, both for the mines of. Illinois and Missouri, and by the extension of our railroads to the West and South, this latter supply is to be immensely increased while pot and pearlash can be obtained either from the Ohio, the lakes, or the upper Mississippi, from the asheries of Iowa and Wisconsin. These fire the principal elements of the manufacture of glass.

What can you say of the fire-brick and potteryof St. Louis * The first record of the manufacture ofpotttry in St. Louis is dated April W, 1816.

Lesson Xxvi Location Of Principal Business Places

About 18 "19, there were separate dealers in groceries, dry-goods^ and hardware, although many houses continued to deal in mixed merchandise. From this mixed, begining the dry-goods trade of St. Louis sprang.

Samuel C. Davis & Co. This structure is built in the Italian style of architecture, and spacious and, imposing in appearance ; has a frontal of one hundred and seventy -jive feet on Fifth Street by one hundred and twenty -five feet on Washington Avenue, ana I contains six floors.

It is an immense building Jive stories in height with a basement, and covers about 60,000 square feet. It is situated at the northeast corner of Fifth and St. Charles Streets.

hi the manufacture of wooden-ware proper, pine and oak are chiefly used. One of the largest establishments supplies the West with water buckets and like articles.

The manufacture of brooms by machinery. The only one of the kind in the world. It consumes or .'/{discs more broom-ccm than all (In- bream factories in Ihr west.

Lesson Xxvii

Dark purple and white heads called wampumpeag or wampum. Thepurple beads had twice the value of the /chile. Wampum was used in strings and valued according to measure.

It was usually in the shape of Spanish milled dollars and was inconvenient for small change. Sometimes it was cut into pieces /worth twenty-fine cents each, and twelve and a half cents each, and was- nicknamed " sharpsk ins." Smalh r sums were givt n out by store -keepers in pins, needles, writing paper.

Lesson Xxviii Insurance Companies

The Citizen's Insurance Company located, at the corner of Third and Chest - 'nu I -Streets, has had, a flourishing career of more than forty-five years duration. It transacts a general fire insurance business, which is principally local, being confined, almost exclusively to St. Louis County.

The St. Louis Mutual Fire Insurance Company was organized on Feb. °22, 1821, under the name of St. Louis Mutual Fire and Marine Insurance Company of St. Louis. The office is situated at the southeast corner of Seventh and Locust Streets.

The Mound City Fire Insurance Company is one of the most important companies in St. Louis. The general offices are located at the southwest corner of Sixth and, Olive Streets.

The Washington Fire Insurance Company was chartered on Nov. 23, 1857, the name of the Washington Mutual Fire Insurance Company. The office is situated at the corner of Market and Second streets.

The. Franklin Insurance Company is one of the most successful institutions of its kind in the west. Its office is at No. 1^00 North Third, Street.

Lesson Xxix

The President's message del leered to Congress Dec. 6\ 18Jfi, was transmitted from Philadelphia to Vincennes : thence by "pony express'' to St. Louis. The "Republican" teas the only paper in St. Louis to receive the message.

That the most extraordinay undertaking of the age. the completion of a line of communication by magnetic telegraph from the Atlantic < ities to the east bo ak of the Mississippi had been accomplished.

On the Villi of December, 1847, the Republican announced that in a day or two it would begin the publication of all important en nts in the East, almost to the eery moment of putting the paper to press.

When, the transfer to the United States had been effected the new government at once proceeded to establish a regular mail sere ice for St. Louis and other imyorta nf points, and post-offices were then established at St. Louis. St. Charles and Ste. Genevieve.

Oct. 10. 1858, and the occasion was celebrated by a demonstration in honor of Mr. Butterfield who had been mainly instrumental in putting it into successful operation.

No, on Dec. 84, 1879, Mr. Newman, under an order of the court, delivered the entire of the company to 11. J. Lackland, its president .

Under an act of the Legislature in 1858, and re-organized in 1871. The works. situated on Main, between Mullanphy and, Mound, Streets, were erected in the following year and gas icas first applied in June of the same year.

Lesson Xxx Principal Hotels

if is situated on the corner of Washington Avenue, Sixth Street and Lucas A re 11 ne. The principal front is on Washington Avenue, with, a frontage of 188 feet and a depth of 870 to Christy Avenue. The height of the building is 106 feet and the architecture is Italian. The first story is constructed of iron, the Jive upper stories of the facades on Washington Avenue and Sixth Strei ' are composed of Warrensourg gray sand stone.

ft was- completed in Jan. 1857, located at the corner of Poplar and Seventh streets three stories high and, a front on Seventh street of SO feet.

Lesson Xxxi

In 7803, it did not fairly begin to grow ur.til 1818. It was no more th<m a frontier trailing place when it was incorporated as a city in 1882.

Which are the two American cities that lave owned the French and Spanish sway before yielding allegiance to ihe Constitution of the Ui i'ed States ?

"On this d iy me started for the Mission of St. Ignace. Above all I put our voyage under the protection of the Blessed Virgin Immaculate, promising her that ifsht did as the grace of discovering the great river, I would give of Conception ; and that J would also give that name to the first which 1 should establish among these new nations, as [had actually done among the Illinois. " sissippi d ltd for this lie prayed. He thirsted for martyrdom. On his return from exploring the great Mississippi, he was broken down in health ; recovering partially he engaged again in arduous labors until finally on his way from old Kaskaskia on the Illinois river, to his fctmcr station at Mackinaw he expired on the eastern shore of Lake MicJtigi v.. j^oy. )8, i675.

Two years of ter his death, his Ottowa Indians passing that way, took up his bod;/, cleaned his bones, and, placing them, in a hex of bark, conveyed them to Point St. Ignace, where they were with solemn, rite deposited in a little vault in the middle of the church. This edifice was burned, down in 1700 and, in time all trace of the site and of Marquette" s tomb was lost, till, in 188..' Rev. Edward Jacler discovered and identified loth. . The remnants of the box and some fragments of bones were 'piously gathered, to be placed under a monument in his ho, tor.

The party reached the bluff s of Prairie du Chicn, June 17, 1673, -and" [MarquHtes words) "safely entered the Mississippi with a joy I cannot express. The current of the river is slow and gentle; it is in matey places studded with islands ; on sounding, wehave found ten fathoms of water ; its breadth is very unequal, sometimes three quarters of a league, sometimes only .:..''> yards. We (fladly f>]]<>w its course which bears south and south-east till the' forty-second degree.. Here we perceive the whole face is changed,; there is now almost no mountain or wood, the islands are more beautiful, the trees are finer. When did the two explorers see foot-prints of men*

On June 25th, they had arrived at a Tillage of the Illinois Indians. Can you repeat ihe welcome given by the sachem to Marquette and his companions ?

w-/A>"' beautiful is the sun, 0 Frenchmen, when thou comest to visit us. All our town awaits thee, thou shall enter all our cabins in peace" What .lid Marquette call the Missouri river ? Pekitanoui or muddy river.

Last Remarks About Tni Kivsb. Zt

To the mouth of the Arkansas. Here they seen red proof that the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico, and not. as they hod supposed, into the Atlantic or the Gulf of California.

They turned the prows- of their canoes up the river, retraced their course until they reached the mouth of the Illinois river ; by it and the port aye and Chicago river they reached Lake Michigan, passing the Indian town ofKaskaskha 7 miles from the town of O/tiwa, Illinois.

Father Dablon, the superior of Father Marquette, forwarded them to Trontenac. who sent them to Europe. The French government did not publish the accounts ; but a copy of Marquette's "Relation" was preserved in the archives of th " Jesuit College in Quebec.

In variety, extent, and utility of productions, the Mississippi exceeds all other rivers. It is the only rreer which spans any of 17 e continents from north to south. As has been beautifully said " Thehiod waters of the Mississippi ore cooled by the trickling rills and the clear lakes (h noting the beds of aticifn-t glaciers, is invigorated by the strength of the temperate zone, and Us In '- ii y. impetuous feet are bathed in the warmth of the tropics. The pine dud the hemlock crown its head, the oak and walnut shade its body, and it rests amid the regions of the cypress and palm. "

Th' I if we should conceive the river under the image of a tree, rooted in the Oulfff Mexico, we should find our great city at the most convenient and eligible point to the great branches which unite to make the trunk stream, the Missouri, Upper Mississippi and the Ohio.

It nestles among the pines of an unfrequented and wild, region of Minnesota, utany miles from the -nearest white settlement, and just on the dividing ridge which forms the great water-shed of J\ orth America. Within a few miles of it can be found lakes and streams whose waters are tributary to the Bed River of the North and the Yellowstone, thus reaching t lie sra thousands of miles from the mouth of the mighty Mississippi, which jlcusina trickling brook from Lake Glazier. This lake, discovered lobe the true .source of tht greatest river in North America by Willard Glazier, on the %°2d of July, 1881. i:-: about a mile and a half in greatest diameter, and would be nearly round shape but for a single promontory, whose rocky shores give it, in outline, the shape of a heart.

Lesson Xxxiii

lit told the commandant that he had found a situation where he intended to establish a settlement which might become Ian after one of I he finest cities in America.

It is on the western edge of the Illinois coal-beds, upon the eastern edge of the Missouri coal-beds, it is near two great deposits of lead and the largest masses of iron ore in the world are convenient to its furnaces and its foundries.

frosted to the icest side and explored as far as the mouth of the Missouri, in irked the spot for his trading post by marking the trees. To this place ha August* Chateau, Feb. 15, 1764-.

Laclede remained in the youthful village of St. Louis fourteen years, r< turned for a short time to New Orleans, and though very sick, set out again for St. Louis, and died on the wag within one day's march of the post of the . I rkansas. He icas supp>osed to be fifty-four years of age at his death.

He was born in New Orleans Aug. 14, 1750. Laclede est \emed. him as an unusually clever lad ivitJi great business capacity. He became eventually Laclede's successor.

Lessor Xxxiv

The climate does not correspond with that of the same latitude on the searoast. Our spring seasons are usually wet ; our summers dry. Our autumns ore delightful though frost appears sometimes in October and November, often bringing very cold weather. Our winters are seldom stvere, temperature averages about $8 or JO degrees. Snow falls at various depths but soon disappears.

The nights of summer of ten feel as the days though often the thermometer falls 28 degrees after sunset. Dew is rapidly distilled. The night air is humid. Fogs are not continual nor even frequent.

The commonest diseases of the country are billions and remittent. Ague :>ud fever prevail in the low grounds. Give The time of flowering of some of our fruits.

Peach's blossom from March 17 to April 1 ; cherries, from March 30 to April 5 : plu its the same ; early apples, April 5 to 75 ; pears and gooseberries, the

Salad and' cabbage seeds tee sow under glass in January; carrots, parsnips, in /'(binary. Irish potatoes for early crops, raddishes, lettuce, onions and early peasinopen ground the taller part of February or the first of March.

Grows stay with us a (I winter ; robins, larks, blue-birds and buntings appear in the warm days of winter. Birds in variety appear in March. Bees ar< often tempted out of their hires the early part of April. Ducks, geese, and brants fly north in February and, March. Quails and pinnated grouse are abundant all the year.

"They are situated on the second bank fust above the town and disposed in a singular manner. The space enclosed is about four hundred yards in length and tiro hundred in breadth-; about six hundred yards above there is a single mound with a broad .stage on the river side. It is thirty feet in height and one hundred fifty in length, the top is a were ridge of lire or six feet wide.

They reprc.se i, I < d k< tiles, < ups, water-jugs, pipes, and rases. They ornamented the surfaces of lhe.se with cur red lines and, fretwork and moulded, them in the image of birds, quadrupeds and the human figure. There is a collection of these treasured in the museum of the St. Louis Academy of Sciences, and in the Missouri Historical Society.

That they were laborious, had fixed habitations, were numerous and gregarious, d, veiling inpopulaus cities, attested by the grouping of the mounds, and that they were acquainted with many of the practical arts of civilized life.

What Indians are thought lobe descendants of the mound-builders/ The Katche.s Indians, and they are said to be rery much like them in manu rs and customs.

It was a I ii;r surround* d by trees of the original forest. It is more than forty yearsago si nee it . xistt d in its original farm. It /cos then a glittering sheet of water covering an area of one hundred acres. Thesite oftheFour Courts was a sort of promontory jutting into the lake and occupied by the old Chou tea// Mansion.

On this side there was a gradual slope, con red villi hazel-bushes, scrub oak. persimmon trees, and <,ra[ e tines. To this spot groups of women wouldresort to w ish their clothes in the style of the old countries.

First, the unwholesome accumulatiovis, the unavoidable result of the city's growth in tl, at aim ti in ; second, the central position cj th< pond, its easy gmde and public accessibility made it a desirable outlet to the rixtr an advantage of which the Mistouri Tacific Bailroad availed itself.

Lesson Xxxvi

Shickle & Harrison Iron Works occupies the site of the main body of Chouteau Pond ; the old stone mill was torn down in 1863 ; the site is now covered by a substantial building of brick, while the Union Depot is located partly on the old shore and partly on the bed of the pond .

He selected a tract of one hundred and fifty acres oun<d ly Col. John (f Fallon, immediately west of the Fair Grounds. Col. O Fallon gave the land for one year at the nominal price of $ 150.

Missouri was partly Republican, partly Democratic. A number of the Republican party fraternized , calling Humstlrts tk Black .lagers. " drilling t nd practising rifle- shooting. The li Minute men " of the Democratic party 1 ept their organization and their head- quarters, and in these places drill was going on, and recruiting for the Confederate army. The Mayor of the city, Louis Filley, was Republican, the Governor, Claiborne Jackson, sympathized entirely with the South. The two parties looked on each other with suspicion, and both kept a hungry eye on the Arsenal. Whoever possessed thai, held the city. The United States Government held if : I he "States Right Party"1 wished to possess it.

To answer the requirements of a bill formed in 18~>o, in mew of the threatening relations between the North and South. The people <>f Missouri being made up of nearly equal proportions from both places it must be expected that their sympathies were divided .

Capt. jV. Lyon commanding U. S. troops in and about St. Louis Arsenal seemed, somewhat suspicious of the loyalty <f Gen. Frost . He watched all movements around the Camp distrust in gly, and finally received command from the Secretary of War to muster four r<gimerits act < \ ding to order f rem President Lincoln. These were given to protect public pn pt rty and exteute the laws. The first measure taken ly Lyon was to secure tie Camp. The regiments selected for this purpose were the First, Second. Third and. Fourth Missouri Volunteers, and the Third and Fourth Bi.iik Guards.

Col. Blair's regiment approached Camp Jackson ly way of Laclede Avenue. Col. Boernstein's marcJud up Pine Street ; Cd. Schuttner's.up Market ; Col. Sige.Vs, up Olive ; Col. Brown's, up Morgan, and Col. Mc Kiel's up Clark Avenue : in this way the. camp would be surronitded. When all was in readiness Capt. Lyon sent an < aplanation. or rattier a demand to give up tlw Camp. Finishing his message with the words.

'- Believing myself prepared to enforce 1 bis demand, one half-hour's time before doing so, will be allowed for your compliance therewith."'

''Sir. - I never for a moment conceived the idea that so illegal and niieonsiitutional a demand as I have just received from ;\ou would be made by an officer of the United States army. 1 am wholly unprepared to defend my command from this unwarranted atiack, and ^hall therefore be fenced to comply with your

Gen. Frost then sent order to his companies, still engaged in their military exercises, to march to their camp grounds, stack arms and form in line by battalions. This done, Lyon sent Capt Sweeney to lake possession of the camp, while Lieut. Schofield was delegated to take its late inmates to imprisonment in the arsenal. When the head of (he rank had proceeded about a block and a half along Olive Street toward the city, the prisoners were kept standing in their ranks, unarmed of course, for nearly three hours. This halt has never been explained. The crowd that gathered became excited. Accounts vary as to what followed, but the result was, that several victims of the events which took place at Camp Jackson on the 10th of May, came to their death by gun-shot wounds, inflicted by musket balls, discharged by certain United States Volunteers, under the command of Gen. Lyon.

In what year were the grounds, given by Col. O'Fallon in 1*61 for the use of the United States army, returned to its owner f In September, I860.

Lesson Xxxix

It is in, the extreme north-west corner of the county, is built up to the line of the State in the west, and the Missouri River on the north. The 'present city limits include an area of about 3,600 acres.

With. Independence, irhich had grown rich with an inditputed monopoly of the commerce of the plains, and. irhich was disposed to make a death struggle to retain if: and with Westport which ridiculed the presumptuous aspirations of her steamboat landing. Also St. Joseph and Leavenworth, each with capital and enterprise.

the immense amount of public and private improvement, and in all the substantial and important interests which go to build up a great city. In all these, Kansas City has no parallel in the history of the continent. The number of inhabitants increased from 6,000 to 32,°268 in jive years.

Fourteen lines of railway concentrate ivithin the limits of this city and it is believed that Kansas City is now and shall remain the converging and diverging railroad center west of St. Louis. It has a magnificent iron bridge crossing the Missouri.

The Missouri 'washes the northern boundary. Big Blue River with its tributaries, Brush, West Fork, and several smaller creels drain the western part of the County. Rock and- Sugar Creeks enter the Missouri just west of Independence. Little Blue and its branches, among which are Spring, Bryan's Camp, Mouse, Big Cedar, Little Cedar and East Foil: , drain the central portions, Fire Prairie, the north-east, and the head waters of the Big Sniabar, the south-eastern part of the county. The larger vatt-r- courses traverse the county in the general direction of from south-west to north-east.

Its agricultural productions are corn, wheat, oats, hemp, tobacco, cattle and hogs, a net the fruits (end vegetables common to the latitude. There is an abundant supply of excellent building stone.

Lesson Xl St. Joseph

He allowed no settler s\upon his claim till he obtained his title to 160 acres of land in May 1SJ^. St. Joseph was incorporated as a milage, Feb. 26, 18JtG. with Joseph Robidoux as first president of the Board of Trustees.

The 3Iissouri River, and virtually eleven railways extend, the commerce of the city to the whole north-west of the State, and to large portions of Kansas, Nebraska, and Iowa. -

It is midway between the Atlantic and the Pacific, British America and the Gulf. An Air line from Chicago to Santa Fe passes through this city. A straight line drawn from Augusta, Maine, to San Diego in Lower California, passes through Detroit, Chicago and St. Jose? h, and the latter city is an equal distance from either extreme. The North and, the South, the East and West will in all future time exchange products and short lines of communication pass through Si. Joseph.

It has a large boot and shoe manufactory, clothing menu factory, stventeen cigar manufactories, a car and machine shop, a Irani factory. In all St. Joseph has &4 manufacturing establishments, besides the large number of shoemakers, tailors, glove-makers, brick-makers, bcx-makers, etc.

Lakes form an important feature of this County. Contrary Lake five miles south-west of St. Joseph, is shaped like a half circle, half a mile wide and nearly six miles in length. Horseshoe, Muskrat, Lost, Singh ten, Prairie. >ugar and Mark's Lakes, are also found in this county in the townships bordering on the Missouri River. The county near the Platte River is heavily timbered,. The Platte Country has a world-wide fame for its fertility, the deep soil producing all kinds of grains, grasses, fruits, and vegetables found in, this latitude.

It is agreeably diversified with hill and dale, high and steep bluffs, low and gentle declivities and gently undulating surfaces. There is a bluff 6' miles south- west of St. Joseph which is 3 10 feet high. The other bluffs along the river are not so high.

Chillicothe has a beautiful and healthy location near the center of Livingston County on the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad. It is 215 miles from St. Louis, 95 miles from Kansas City, and 76 miles from St. Joseph, and is on the St. L., K. C, and N. R. W.

Black, white, and red chestnut ; pine and laurel oak; maple and sugar ma^ pie, sycamore, cotton-wood, black walnut, linden, shell-bark hickory, pecan, white and' red elm, ash, red-bud mulberry, dogwood and clurry.

It is dark and rich, from one to two feet in depth, except in the broken portions where it is light brown often sandy, and only a few inches in depth, but well adapted to fruit culture and, grazing.

Lesson Xli Hannibal

the west bank of the Mississippi River, which is bridged at this point, thus making Hannibal the western terminus of the T., W. and W., and F. V. Branch of Q., A. and St. Louis Railroads. It is also the northern terminus of the M., K. & T. R. R., and present terminus of the M., V. & W. R. R., and of the St. Louis, H and K. R. R., which is in operation from Frankford, to Hannibal, a distance of 18 miles.

Hannibal is built between Halliday 's Hill on the north and Lover's Leap on the south, and is divided by Bear Creek into North Hannibal and South Hannibal.

In 1870 and 1871. It cost ^J-,85,000, is a combined railroad and highway bridge over the Mississippi. The trains of the C, B. & Q. R. R.t and the T., W. & W. R. R., pass over the bridge and, through the tunnel, which is cut through Halliday' s Hill, one mile above the city, and 302 feet long, 20 feet high, and, 18 feet wide.

By North and South Fabius, Troublesome Saline and Grassy Greeks, North and South Rivers and many smaller streams. There are many springs of pure water, besides several chalybeate and sulphur springs.

It is situated one mile below the city of Hannibal and about a quarter of a mile from the Mississippi River ; it is approached through a broad ravine, hemmed in by lofty ridges ichich are at right angles with the river. The antechamber is 8 feet high and 15 feet long; this descends into the Narrows, thence through Grand Avenue to Washington Avenue where the Altar chamber is reached. Bats may be seen in the Bat chamber hanging from the ceiling in clusters. In this cave are two natural wells which are circular in shape and filled, with limpid water. In 181^0, Dr. Joseph McDowell, of St. Louis, purchased it with the intention of using it as a grand museum.

Lover's Leap, a promontory 300 feet above the Mississippi River, is in South Hannibal, and commands a fine view of the city and surrounding county.

Lesson Xlti

It is bounded on the north by Saline County, east by Cooper and, Morgan, south by Benton, west by Henry and Johnson Counties ; it contains ^6,289 acres. Name the county scat and tell wbat you know of it.

Sedalia is the seat of Pettis, county. It is a beautiful little city styled the " Queen City of the Prairies, " 189 miles west of St. Louis, 96 miles east of Kansas City, and 30 miles from the Missouri River.

In 1859, by Gen. R. Smith, who named it Sedville for his daughter Sarah, who was familiarly called Sed. The name was afterwards changed' by Mm into Sedalia.

Ste. Genevieve

Yes, numerous raids were made on this place by the Confederate troops. The town was captured twice, first by Capt. Staples in 1801. and afterward by Gen. Jeff. Thompson with a party of Gen. Price's command Oct. 15, 186^.

The northern part is -well watered by Black Water, Meath, Beaver Dam. Brushy, Turkey, and Muddy Creeks; in the southern by Flat Creek, Lake Creek, Spring Fork, Basin Fork, Camp Branch, and, Elk Fork with their tributaries. La Mine River, curving sharply westward, enters the county in the north-east, pursues a winding course for a mile or two, and then leaves as abruptly as it entered. Most of these streams flow north-easterly toward tin Missouri into which they empty by means of Lei Mine River.

Lesson Xliii

As being the oldest town in the State. It ioas originally built directly on Hie bank of the river but the great flcoel of 1785 caused the inhabitants to choose a higher situation.

What wonderful change in the Mississippi has occurred at this point? . The main channel of the river turned eastward , thus forming an island between the town, and river.

"The houses are generally one story ; frame or log. but all whitewashed, which gives the town quite a lively appearance. Many of the new houses however arc of brick and are large and commodious. It has a chapel, a courthouse and jail. "

This county is in the eastern part of the State, is bounded north by Jefferson County, north-east by the Mississippi River, south-east by Perry, and, south-west and west by St. Francois County ; it contains 319,711 acres.

About 1720, Renault , son of a celebrated, iron founder of France, established himself at Fort Chartres on the opposite side of the Mississippi, ten miles above the present site of Ste. Genevieve. lie was in search of gold and silver to find which he sent out mining parties through what is now Missouri.

No, but he finally turned his attention to the smelting of lead, which was conveyed on pack horses from the interior to Fort Chartres, and thence to France via New Orleans.

As early as 1735 ; a house was sold there in 1754, and new life was given it in 1763, when a number of French from Kaskaskia and St. Philip sett led there. Many of the descendants of the pioneers of Ste. Genevieve are men of much wealth and have held positions of honor and trust.

Lesson Xliv

By an act of the legislature of Missouri passedin 1875, the township of St. Ferdinand, Central, Bonhomme, Meramac and Carondelet were separated from the city of St. Louis, and erected into a county bearing the same name.

It extended theUmits of thecitM, defined the boundaries between the City and county, fer^X provisions ipld m-ade organisations of the county and the appointment of its tirst officers.

That the presiding justice of the new county, inform the presiding justice of the old county, that the new government is now organized in a manner as provided by law, and has assumed the control of the affairs of the county of St. Louis in the newly-established limits as fixed and determined by scheme and charter; also that the presiding justice surrender to the mayor of the city of St. Louis the county buildings and property belonging to Hie old county and located within the extended limits of the city.

At the 3ft. Olive house, on Olive street rock road, 9 miles from the old courthouse. First meeting was held at this place, March 12th, 1877.

Dec. 9, 1878. It is a brick structure and, is neatly -finished. The Jail which stands near the court-house is connected with it by a corridor 10 feet wide, and 16 feet long.

St. Louis County occupies the tongue of land formed ly the junction of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers, and drained ly the Maramec; area, 550 sq. m. population in 1870, 351,189, of whom 26,387 were colored.

The surface is varied and the soil very fertile. There are extensive mined of coal and quarries of marble, and the western part extends into the great iron region of the state.

Lesson Xlv

St. Louis is 20. miles below the entrance of the Missouri, 175 miles above the mouth of the MtgBifl»ippi-, 1,170 miles above New Orleans, and 125 miles east of Jefferson City; latitude 38 degrees, 37 minutes, 28 seconds north, longitude 90 degrees, 15 minutes, 16 seconds west.