Santa Fe, New Mexico - Santa Fé County: The Heart of New Mexico, Rich in History and Resource

Santa Fé County: The Heart of New Mexico, Rich in History and Resource

The Villa Keal de Santa Fe de San Francisco, to give its original [ nd full name, is the historic seat of the government of the Territory of Xew Mexico, as well as the county seat of Santa Fe County fud the see of an archbishop of the Roman Catholic Church. It [in joys the distinction of being one of the oldest towns and the , Idest capital in the United States. Its permanent settlement b> [Europeans antedates the founding of Jamestown and also the landjng of the Pilgrim Fathers at Plymouth more than twenty years. [The thrilling and romantic incidents composing its history - the [protracted and bloody struggles with hordes of savage Indians, the I capture and pillage by hostile Pueblos in 1680, the general massafcre of missionaries and explorers and flight of the governor and ! a few followers in the night to El Paso, the reserving of some of the handsomest Spamish maidens for wives of favored warriors, the desecration and destruction of some of the Eoman Catholic Churches, and the restoration of the worship of stone idols, the reconquest by Diego de Vargas twelve years later, the terrible punishment visited upon the rebellious Pueblos, the change from Spanish rule to the rule of the triumphant Republic of Mexico, the capture by the United States forces under General Kearny and the building of Fort Marcy, the stirring scenes accompanying the distribution of the immense traffic of the Santa Fe Trail, the wild deeds of desperadoes and the fabulous hazards at cards in the days before the advent of the railroad - afford the material for an epic poem of deep interest. However, from the strenuous life and turbulent times of the past, the City of the Holy Faith has become as modem and peaceful as a New England city, looking back with pride uponi the part it has played in history, and forward hopefully to its future.

Santa Fe enjoys the advantage of three railroad systems. It is on the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Kailroad, the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad, and the Santa Fe Central Railway, giving it connection with the outside world and great railroad systems in every direction. If is the only city in the Southwest that receives nine railway mails a day and dispatches as many. It has a free delivery mail service, electric street lighting, the purest drinking water to be foumd in New Mexico, a local and long distance telephone system, and many other advantages of a thoroughly up-to-date community.

/ Environed by protecting hills and thus exempt from strong j winds and sand storms ; surrounded by enchanting natural scenery ; > beautified by orchards and gardens of flowers; blessed with a climate that is free from extremes of heat amd cold, and air that is pure and tonic; supplied with an abundance of pure water for domestic, manufacturing and irrigation purposes from the extensive storage reservoirs in the mouth of the Santa Fe Canon; furnished with competing rail, express and telegraph communication with all outside poiiits ; the headquarters of the federal and Territorial oflBcials, the meeting place of the Legislature, the Supreme Court, the United States and Territorial District Courts, and the various Territorial Boards ; the see of the Archbishop of Santa Fe ; the headquarters of the New Mexico Historical Society, the New Mexico Horticultural Society, the New Mexico Pioneers^ Society; of the District Attorney for Santa Fe and Taos Counties; a city having started a modem sewerage system; possessing a public school system with a good high school and four ward schools', and endowed by the national government for public school purposes with the Fort Marcy Reservation of almost seventeen acres in the heart of the city; having eight churches, as well as colleges and private schools, many fraternal societies and social organizations, Santa Fe is naturally forging to the front as a popular residence town.

does not depend alone upon tourists, health seekers and officials for its existence. Good crops are raised in the Santa Fe and adjacent valleys; the orchards of Santa Fe are revenue producers; dainty filigree jewelry is made here; an excellent quality of brick is manufactured ; in the surrounding Indian pueblos baskets and blankets are woven, pottery produced, and beadwork is made that finds a ready sale all over the United States. Sant^ Fe has the largest printing establishment in New Mexico and Arizona, employing twenty to forty men. Santa Fe is a thriving railroad and mercantile center, supplying a vast region, and there are manifold natural resources that are just being developed. Not only historic memories and landmarks make Santa Fe a spot well worth a visit, but the beauty of its location, like a jewel in the lap of the mountains, its perfect climate and its many present-day interests, make it the most interesting spot between New York and San Francisco. Santa Fe with its suburbs has a population of 8,700. Its altitude at its lowest point is 6,920 and at its highest 7,240 feet.

Draw a circle of fifty miles radius with Santa .Fe as the center. It will take in the heart of New Mexico. Within it will be found a score of producing mining districts. Not only gold mines, but mines of silver, copper, zinc, lead, iron, coal, turquoise, quarries of marble, building stone, limestone, beds of clay, deposits of gypsum, veins of mica, and prospects of other minerals in abund- * ance. In that circle are found some of the best agricultural lands in the Southwest. There are raised the best fruit, the best sugar beets, the best grain in the world. Take a peep at the Espanola, the Tesuque, the Chama, the Taos, and other valleys. Within that circle there is room and chance for profitable irrigation enterprises. In that circle flow the waters of the Rio Grande, the Pecos, the Chama, the Santa Fe, the Tesuque, the Nambe, ^^^" U'o Pueblo, the Truchas, the Pojoaque, the Santa Clara, the Galisteo, the Rio Medio, the Chupadero, Bishop's Creek, the Arroyo Hondo, the Manzanares, the Canoncito, the Dalton, Indian Creek, Holy Ghost Creek, the Mora, Willow Creek and other streams, all perennial rivers with a never failing water supply in their upper courses. In that circle are found the water power, the fuel, the raw material for a hundred great industries. The circle is the most densely populated area in New Mexico or Arizona, and offers cheap and plentiful labor for industrial enterprises and at the same time a good market. Mexico, Central America and the Orient are nearer with their markets to it than they are to the eastern and northern manufacturing centers. ^ In that circle . are. viery superior sheep, cattle and goat ranges, and extensive virgioa* forests.

New Mexico has the finest climate in the world, and in that circle is the best climate in New Mexico. Within the circle are the great Pecos Kiver and Jemez Forest Keserves, which insure forever a bounteous supply of water, a summer retreat for tourists, health seekers, pleasure seekers, sportsmen, or the tired man and woman who seek rest in communion with nature in its most sublime or gentlest moods.

In that circle are located the world famous cliff dwellings, the pyramids of America, ten Indian pueblos, the oldest buildiugs in the United States, the - Scenic Highway, the Santa Fe Trail, a hundred spots which awaken memories of the romance of the great stretch of time between the coming of the Conquistadores and the supplanting of the Santa Fe Trail by the steam railroads.

It is a circle invaded by three great railroads and their important branches and connections, a circle near whose circumference are located the cities of Albuquerque aud Las Vegas, which, with Santa Fe, form the three largest and most important towns in New Mexico. The center of the circle is the most advertised spot in the United States, a town whose name is one to conjure with, a name given to one of the great transcontinental railway systems, a town whose very name is an invitation to the health seeker, to the tourist; the capital of the coming Sunshine State, the county seat of one of the most densely populated and richest counties of the Territory, an archbishop's see, the location of many Federal, Territorial, Catholic and Protestant church institutions, a town most charmingly situated, with a peerless climate all the year around, and a better summer climate than possessed by any summer resort in the world, free from excessive hea.t and protected from the icy blasts of winter with the sun shining almost every day in the year. These and many more are the advantages, resources and attractions, the hub of which is the City of Santa Fe. The city and suburbs contain about 8,700 people, and this population is steadily on the increase.

Nor must it be forgotten that the vicinity of the city offers good hunting of bear, mountain lion, coyotes and smaller game; that the Pecos, the Santa Clara, the Santa Fe, and other streams are splendid fishing grounds; and that the peculiar fauna and flora of this arid mountain region offer . much that; is interesting and worthy of note. The intending home seeker should also remember that in Santa Fe and surroundings agriculture is carried on with the aid of irrigation, which means that the farmer is always certain of his crops, for he can apply moisture to them when they need it and withhold it when moisture is not needed.

Here, so carefully preserved that the marks of its three hundred years of age are not perceptible, is located the noted Adobe Palace, which was the official residence of the Spanish and Mexicam' governors, and since the Mexican war has boen the headquarters of all the Territorial governors or secretaries appointed by the different Presidents of the United States. The men who lived and conducted the affairs of state in- this building include some of the foremost, not only of the Territory, but of the nation. Here the postoffice, the Kepublican Territorial headquarters, the Territorial headquarters of the Daughters of the American Kevolution and the museum of the New Mexico Historical Society are located. The latter is open to the public every day and its collection contains historical articles of priceless value.

San Migue^ Church, the oldest Christian' Church building in the United States, is situated in the oldest part of the city, called by the Spaniards "Analco," adjoining St. Michael's College. It is about seventy-four feet in length, by thirty in width, and thirty-five feet high. The walls are massively built of adobe, and the roof, like those of all the old churches, was constructed of strong vigas, supported by carved timbers at each end, the whole being covered originally with straight branches of poplar or willow, surmounted by a layer of earth. In modern days, boards take the place of the branches. This church dates from the earliest occupation and has long been held in special veneration. In the Pueblo revolution of 1680 it was, to a great extent, destroyed, though the walls remained standing. Immediately after the reconquest by De Vargas the church was repaired and the entire building was completed in 1710, as appears from the inscription- still plainly visible' on the great square vigas near the door, which reads : bell cast in Spain in the Fourteenth Century. The edifice is still used as the chapel of Saint MichaeFs College and of a part of the Eoman Catholic parish, and perhaps no scene will impress itself so vividly upon the mind of the visitor as that of "Vespers" on a Sunday evening, attended by the Christian Brothers and pupils of the College.

The oldest house in the city, which is reputed to date back before the tijne of the Spanish conquest, and thus is the "Oldest House in the United States," is situated just northeast of the Church of San Miguel. This building until recently was two stories in height, the second story being very low and the floor between the . upper and lower rooms being of adobe. Some years ago the upper story of the eastern portion fell, and quite recently the spirit of iconoclasm, which is fast ruining many interesting historical landmarks, caused the second story of the remainder to be removed. The first story, however, remains as it has been for centuries, and there seems no reason to doubt that it is the most ancient building, continuously inhabited, in the entire United States.

The Cathedral of San Francisco de Assisi is a modern' building, not yet completed in accordance with its design, but has been used for worship during the past twenty-five years. It was built over the former adobe Parish Church under the auspices of the venerated Archbishop Lamy. There are many fine paintings and beautiful . stained ^lass windows in the structure ; behind the altar is a richly carved and painted reredos, erected by Governor del Valle and his wife in 1761. Back of the altar of this" Cathedral are preserved many fine old paintings and rich vestments. There are buried the remains of two Franciscan- Friars, who were murdered by Indians, as attested by the inscription upon a beam set into the massive wall.

Old Fort Marcy is situated on a high hill northeast of the Plaza, and the view from the summit is admired by every visitor. Historically, it is a place of great interest. A moment's notice will show its commanding militar}^ position, and that the army in possession of the hill controlled this city. In the old wars this was a scene of many a warlike encampment. When General Kearny came, in 1846, one of the first matters undertaken after the occupation of Samta Fe, on August 18, was the erection of a fortress to command the city. The site was naturally chosen. It was built by details of vohmteers, who complained grievously of having to do this laborious work when they had simply entered the army to fight. The fort was large enough to contain a thousand troops and mount many cannon. In shape the fort was an irregular tri-

On the east side of the main road entering the city from the south stand the ruins of the Garita, the only Spanish fortifications of which any remains now exist in New Mexico. It was built with two bastions and occupies a commanding position on a hill. Under the Mexican government it was used as a custom house station, and all wagons coming from the north were stopped here until the exceedingly high duties of those days were paid. On the west side of the Garita, close to the wall, the four leaders m the revolution of 1837, Desiderio Montoya, Antonio Abad Montoya, General Chopon and Alcalde Esquibel, were executed by command of General Armijo in January, 1837.

The oldest cemetery in the Southwest, except the graveyard immediately surrounding San Miguel Church, was very near the Garita, and the high adobe wall surrounding it is still in quite good repair. On one side of it was a small mortuary chapel where funeral services were conducted. Many celebrated historical characters are buried here, but, unfortunately, no monumental stones distingTiish their last resting places.

Guadalupe Church is situated just south of the river, at the western edge of the city, near the Santa Fe Kailway depot. Owing to the modem appearance of a shingle roof and wooden steeple, it often escapes attention, but is really of much historic interest. The walls are very massive, and the carved supports of the vigas are the best specimens of their class in the Territory. Prior to 1883 the church was only opened once a year, on Guadalupe Day, December 12, but in that year it was renovated, many windows cut in its walls, and it has since been used by the English-speaking Koman Catholics for regular services. The altar-piece is a large group of pictures about 14 feet high by 10 feet wide. The large central painting is of the Virgin of ' Guadalupe, copied from the celebrated ^Imagen" in Mexico, and it is surrounded by four scenes in the well known legend, representing the appearances of the Virgin to Juan Diego, and the visits of the latter to the Bishop; the whole surmounted by a representation of the Trinity. The church and sacristy contain many interesting paintings, the most curious and valuable being one painted on a plate of copper, 28 x 18 inches in size, by Sebastian Salcedo, in 1779. This also represents the Virgin of Guadalupe, a small portrait of Pope Benedict XIV being introduce* The statuette of the Virgin standing in the crescent of the new moon, is a beautiful specimen of antique wood carving.

San Miguel'S Church At Santa Fe

miles southwest of the Plaza on the Agua Fria Koad. It is now very appropriately marked by a neat stone monument erected by the Daughters of the American Eevolutiom in 1901. It was here that the Governor, in the Revolution of 1837, while retreating from the Capital, was killed by an arrow shot by a Pueblo Indian from Santo Domingo. His assailants then forced Santiago Prada, by threats of death, to cut off his head, which was carried to the insurgent encampment, near the Eosario Chapel, and treated with great indigmity.

The Plaza, in the center of the city, is of historic interest. Here Onate camped and set up .the banner of Spain, and here General Keamy first floated the Stars and Stripes, in 1846, when he proclaimed American government in New Mexico, a spot marked with an appropriate stone by the Daughters of the American Revolution. In this Plaza the Indians burned the archives and sacred vessels of the church during the Revolution of 1680; and here De Varga& entered in triumph twelve years later. The Territory has erected a handsome monument in the center of the Plaza in memory of the soldiers who fell on New Mexico soil in the various Indiajn wars, and the war of the Rebellion, and the Woman^s Board of Trade has there placed a handsome bronze drinking fountain in memory of Archbishop Lamy, who was beloved by all. The Woman^s Board of Trade has been in charge of the Plaza for the past five years, by direction of the city government, emd to this organization of energetic ladies is due the present beauty of the place. A stone, suitably inscribed, marks the spot where General Keamy first floated the Stars and Stripes.

Eosario Chapel, in Rosario Cemetery, commemorates the victory of De Vargas over the Pueblo Indians in 1692, and is the terminus of the annual historic De Vargas procession, which, with the two annual Corpus Christi processions and the custom of celebrating Gua-dalupe Day, Christmas Eve and other holidays by the lighting of numerous bonfires, is an echo of "ye olden^' days that gives Santa Fe a charm peculiarly its own.

The National Cemetery is a beautiful burial ground where repose, the bodies of over a thousand soldiers who fell in the war of the Rebellion, the Indian wars, or died at Santa Fe and vicinity in more peaceful days. It is the .only National Cemetery in' New Mexico or Arizona since the abandonment recently of the cemetery at Fort Sumner and the reinterment at Santa Fe of the bodies in the National Cemetery. Other burial grounds at Santa Fe are

San MigueFs Cemetery, the aDcient cemetery surrounding Guadalupe Church, the Odd Fellows^ Cemetery and Fairview Cemetery, the two last named being under the care of the Woman's Board of Trade.

The Capitol is a stately building of modern construction, and a view from its dome is one of the sights that no tourist should miss. It is surrounded by a fine park. In addition to the beautiful Hall of Representatives, the Council Chamber and the Supreme Court Room, it contains the offices of the Governor, the Secretary, the Superintendent of Public Instruction, the Treasurer, the Auditor, the Traveling Auditor, the Game Warden, the Supreme Court Clerk, the United States Judge of the First Judicial District, the Land Commitesioner, the Insurance Commissioner, the Territorial Law Library and rooms and offices for the various Territorial Boards and Commissions, and assistants or clerks of the Territorial officials enumerated. The Capitol was partly constructed with the aid of convict labor and material manufactured by convicts. Considering its size, its cost was less than that of any other Capitol in the United States.

The Federal building is a fine stone structure of classic design and is surrounded by oval grounds, partly in lawn. In front of the building is the Kit Carson monument. Kit Carson having made his headquarters at Santa Fe for many years. In this building are the offices of the Register and Receiver of the Santa Fe Land District, with their clerks; the headquarters for the Special Agent of the United States Land Office for the Southwest, of the Internal Revenue Collector and his clerks for the Territories of New Mexico and Arizona, the United States Surveyor General for New Mexico and his large force of clerks, of the Supervisor of the Pecos and Jemez Forest Reserves, the United States Attorney for the Pueblo Indians, and from time to time of other officials of the United States.

The Court House is a brick building of attractive design and is the headquarters for the First Judicial District, which, besides the County of Santa Fe, includes the Counties of Rio Arriba, Taos and San Juan; of the District Clerk, of the Probate Clerk, Assessor, Treasurer, District Attorney, Board of County Commis- sioners, Surveyor and other county oflBcials. On the second floor is the court room, also much used as an auditorium for entertainments of a public nature.

Saint Michael's College, conducted by the Christian Brothers, is the oldest college for boys west of the Missouri Kiver and recently celebrated its semi-centennial. Its main building is a large structure of French architecture. A modem brick building with classrooms and gymnasium adjoins it. The athletic grounds are the best in the Southwest. The course is mainly commercial, and many of the leading men of New Mexico, Arizona and of the northern States of Mexico are proud to call Saint Michael's College their alma mater. The attendance is between 200 and 300 students, coming from all parts of the Southwest. The faculty is an especially capable one.

The Sisters of Loretto conduct, the oldest school for young women west of the Missouri Kiver and recently celebrated their semi-centennial. The Academy is of unique design. The Chapel adjoining is one of the finest Gothic structures in the West. The large convent, a brick building of unostentatious design, adjoins the Chapel, while in the rear is a brick auditorium that will seat 'almost a thousand people. The grounds of the College are beautiful.

The Archbishop^s residence is a brick structure which, together with the homes of the Bishop of the Diocese, the Vicar General and other priests, is contiguous to the Cathedral and borders on the famous ^^ishop's Garden," with springs, lakelets and a fine orchard that offers sylvan retreats of rare beauty.

St. Vincent's Hospital, St. Vincent's Orphans' Home and St. Vincent's Sanitarium, all modem structures, are grouped together northeast of the Cathedral. The Sanitarium fronts on a beautiful park.

The United States Indian School is just south of the city limits and is a community in itself of about a dozen fine brick structures. It ranks with the Indian School at Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and has an attendance of over 300 Indians, representing a score of Western tribes, the pupils ranging in age from six to twenty years ; has a school farm and is surrounded by a beautiful park.

St. Catherine's Indian Industrial School is situated just west of the city's boundary line. It is attended by almost 200 pupils and is in charge of the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament. A beaiitiful garden surrounds the school, which consists of several massive . buildings.

The Territorial Penitentiary is located just south of the city line and consists of a number of stone and brick buildings surrounded by a high wall. Large gardens are cultivated by the convicts, who number almost 250. The institution is a model in many respects and is well worthy a visit.

The Territorial Deaf and Dumb Institute consists of two modem brick buildings and can accommodate one hundred pupils. It is located in the southern part of the city.

The Presbyterian Mission School is beautifully located near the heart of the city and consists of a fine three-story brick building and a brick annex in a well-kept garden. It is attended by about one hundred girls of Spanish- American birth, who come from all parts of the Territory. It is proposed to erect a similar school for boys in the same part of the city.

The Woman's Board of Trade has just let a contract for the erection of a handsome Public Libran^ building wherein its library will be situated. The structure will be built of brick and stone, commodious and of Moorish architectiure. It will be erected on a lot donated to the Woman's Board of Trade by the Territory of New Mexico, just north of the "Old Palace'' and fronting on Washington Avenue.

The hotel facilities of Santa Fe are good. The Palace Hotel is famed for its cuisine. It is three stories high and can a9- commodate 150 guests. The Claire Hotel is a modern brick structure, steam heated, and can accommodate over 100 guests. The Normandie is a modern, low-priced hotel. The Coronado and others conduct rooming houses together with restaurants. In addition to the accommodations offered by Sunmount Tent City, the Glorieta Sanitarium, Saint Vincent's Sanitarium and the Pinecroft Kanch, there are a number of private boarding houses in the city and ranches in the vicinity that take boarders.

Santa Fe has one daily newspaper. The Santa Fe Daily New Mexican, issued every evening, except Sunday. It has four weekly newspapers. The New Mexican Review, The Eagle, El Xuevo Mexieano and El Boletin Popular.

In addition to the three Catholic Churches enumerated, the Cathedral, Guadalupe Church and San Miguel Church, Santa Pe has five Protestant Churches. The First Pre&byterian Church is a brick structure with a pipe organ and a brick parsonage. The congregation is self-sustaining. The Church of the Holy Paith is a stone edifice belonging to the Protestant Episcopal denomination. It has a pipe organ and a brick rectory. The St. John^s Methodist Episcopal Church is a new brick structure in mission style. The Presbyterians and the Methodists each have churches for Spanishspeaking members.

The Fraternal Associations are well represented in Santa Fe. The Masons own their temple, a two-story brick business block facing the Plaza. The Masonic bodies of the city are Montezuma Lodge No. 1, A. F. & A. Masons, the oldest Masonic Lodge west of the Missouri, excepting a Lodge at Salem, Oregon; Santa Fe Chapter No. 1, K. A. Masons; Santa Fe Commandery No. 1, Knights Templar, and Santa Fe Lodge of Perfection, No. 1, A. & A. S. K. In the Masonic Temple are interesting relics of the early days of the Americani occupation, and among its members were many of the early pioneers who blazed the way for the thousands who came after them. The Odd Fellows, who organized a Lodge at Santa Fe over fifty years ago, are represented by Santa Fe Lodge No. 2; the l^ights of Pythias by Santa Fe Lodge No. 2, and the Fraternal Union by Santa Fe Lodge No. 259. Numerically, Sanita Fe Lodge No. 460, B. P. 0. Elks, is the strongest fraternal organization. It will build a $25,000 Opera House and Lodge Hall. The Order of United Workmen and other fraternal orders have Lodges in the city. There are several social organizations, including the Capital City Club. There is a Board of Trade and a Woman's Board of Trade, the latter a unique organization that dispenses not only charity, but maintains the Plaza in the center of the city; a Public Librarj^, for which it is about to erect a fine building, and looks after other movements for civic improvement. The city has two brass bands, two orchestras, several Spanish and a number of church societies.

in a great stretch of coiintrv, namely, western Texas, Xew Mexico, Arizona and southern California. Its capital stock is $150,000 and it has a handsome surplus and undivided profits. It is considered one of the safest banks in the entire country. It is located in a handsome brick structure on San Francisco Street, the principal business thoroughfare of the city.

The United States Bank and Trust Company has just been organized and will be ready for businesis by the first of July. It will work under the Territorial statutes, liaving a charter from the Territory. The capital stock is $50,000. It is believed that there is a good field for this new ])ank.

The city has a flourishing Building and Loan Association. All lines of business are fully represented, wholesale and retail. The stocks are large and everybody can be suited to such an extent as he wants in every line of trade. The stores are modern, carry large and well selected stocks and the merchants are enterprising and energetic.

The Central High School Building is a modern, three-story building, just completed, and is the finest school house in Xew Mexico. The grounds surrounding it are extensive and will be beautified with ornamental trees and shrubs. The city has in addition four ward school buildings, one of which is about to be replaced with a modern brick structure. The graded public school system is modern in every respect.

Santa Fe has many beautiful homes and gardens and a number of modern brick residencies have been recently constructed or are in the process of erection. In a city as old as the Capital City, naturally, there are many ancient and quaint buildings, but these are being gradually replaced with up-to-date business blocks and homes. Socially, Santa Fe, as the Capital, and owing to its antiquity, enjoys pre-eminence throughout the Southwest.

stated elsewhere, has no superior. Among the larger orchards in the city are Buena Vista, the orchards of Arthur Boyle, E. S. Andrews, J. P. Victory, the Manderfield and Quintana orchards, the Bishop's Garden, and many others.

The Santa Fe V/ater and Light Company has two power houses for generating electric current, one with steam power plant of 150 horse-power, and the other a water-power plant. The company has four reservoirs, all deriving their water supply from the Santa Fe Kiver, which has its source on the Lake Peak at an altitude of 12,400 feet. Above the reservoir that supplies Santa Fe with drinking water there is not a single residence or home, and almost the entire watershed is within the Pecos Forest Keserve. The supply is, therefore, absolutely uncontaminated. The water is free from alkali or other deleterious mineral ingredients and has been declared by experts to be the purest and best drinking water furnished any city in the Southwest. Under the city flows an undercurrent, which, in many instances, is pumped for domestic and irrigation purposes by windmills.

* The Denver & Eio Grande and the Santa Fe Central Kailroads have a modern brick Union Depot at Santa Fe. The depot of the Santa Fe System is within one hundred yards of the Union Depot.

A start has been made in paving the sidewalks in the city limits, which, owing to the continual dry weather and hard-packed soil, is not so urgent a necessity as elsewhere, but now that a city ordinance provides for paving, several miles of sidewalks have been and are being constructed.

From climatic, scenic, health, historic and social standpoints, Santa Fe is undoubtedly the most desirable residence city in -the Eocky Mountains.

Other Towns And Settlements

Lamy is the junction point of the Santa Fe branch with the main line of the Santa Fe System. It has a roundhouse, a depothotel, a postoffice, store, a church and a public school. It has a sandstone quarry, charcoal and lime ovens. It is also the headquarters of the Onderdonk Livestock Kanch, at present under lease.

Galisteo is a settlement of farmers and stockmen in the southern part of the county, with church, school house, postoffice and stores. It is on the Galisteo Eiver and two and a half miles from Kennedy at the junction of the Santa Fe and the Santa Fe Central Eailways. It is the headquarters for the Eaton Land Grant.

Golden is a mining camp on the northern slope of the San Pedro Mountains. It has a church, school house, postoffice and stores. Bound about it are gold placer fields and gold mines with mills.

A few miles south of Golden is the mining camp of San Pedro, where the mines and works of the Santa Fe Gold and Copper Company are located. It has a large smelter and in the vicinity are a number of important mining properties. A public school, church, postoffice and stores indicate that San Pedro is a trading center.

Madrid is an abandoned coal camp with several score of frame company houses, school house and church. It is the terminus of the Santa Fe branch line from Waldo.

Cerrillos is the principal settlement of southern Santa Fe County. It has a smelter, at present idle, stone quarries, a fine public school building, church, business houses, and in its vicinity are a number of mining properties.

Glorieta is on the Santa Fe System and is beautifully located on Glorieta Pass at an altitude of 7,600 feet. Xear by a sanguinary battle was fought in the Civil war. Upon the site of the battlefield still stand the ruins of an old road-house of considerable importance in the days of the Santa Fe Trail. Here is also a well sunk by the government through the solid rock at an expense of $4,000. Xear Glorieta are iron, copper and other mines and coal deposits. It was formerly an importanit shipping point for timber, and today is the most convenient point from which to reach the upper Pecos eountry and the Pecos Forest Eeserve.

The other settlements of Santa Fe County are all north of the Santa Fe Railway line. Xear Santa Fe are the agricultural settlements of Agua Fria, Cieneguilla, Cienega and Tesuque, all with orchards, churches, school houses and stores. Xear Tesuque is the Indian pueblo of Tesuque, of much interest to tourists and antiquarians. In the Tesuque Valley are the rural settlements of Cuyamungue and Jacona.

Santa Cruz is the most important place of northern Santa Fe County. It has a quaint old church that antedates the mission churches of California, a flour mill, a public school house, a postoffice and a number of stores, and is surrounded by some of the finest orchards and agricultural lands in Santa Fe County, deriving their water supply both from the Rio Grande and the Santa

Chimayo is another pretty settlement in the Santa Cruz Valley at the foot of the Cobra ISTegra Peak. It has beautiful orchards, a church, a school house, a postoffice and stores

Hobart is an agricultural settlement in the Rio Grande Valley and on the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad. Here are the Round Top Mountain Fruit and Truck Farm and the Black Mesa, an Indian battlegroimd r»f some fame. Here is also the head of the ditch built by the government to carry the waters of the Rio Grande to the Pueblo village of San Ildefonso. Hobart has a flour mill, a postoffice and a store.

San Ildefonso is the largest Indian pueblo in Santa Fe County and, although it is situated in the Pojoaque Valley near the confluence of the Pojoaque with the Rio Grande, yet its water for irrigation purposes is, to a great extent, derived from the Rio Grande. San Ildefonso has an interestimg mission church, a school, stores and a postoflBce. Many nice f i:uit farms are situated in the vicinity. It is in the southern extremity of the fertile Espanola Valley.

Nambe and Pojoaque are small but pretty and quaint Pueblo Indian settlements, although the latter has been practically abandoned by the Indians, most of whom have intermarried with surrounding settlers. Near Nambe are the most beautiful falls in the county, which are about to be utilized to furnish power for an electric plant to be erected by Santa Fe capital.

Conclusion

It is not only what Santa Fe County has been or what it is, but what it promises to be in the future that should attract the attention of home seekers and of capital. The superb climate in itself means eventually the establishment of many sanitaria for health seekers, the founding of summer resorts and the building of hotels and homes for people who seek an ideal summer and winter climate. Its large area of grazing lands must sooner or later bring cattle to cover its thousand hills, and sheep and goats by the hundred thousands to browse upon its mesas; its perennial water supply, which is increased largely at a certain season of the year, must lead to the building of irrigation systems that will make the county rich in farms and orchards, not to speak of the dry farming possibilities; its undeveloped mineral wealth must in time make it one of the richest mining districts in the west, giving employment to thousands of miners, and last, but not least, its industrial possibilities are such as destine it to be a manufac- luring center. Its great bqds of fuel that can be mined cheaply; its possibilities for the development of water power; its comparatively dense population, which would furnish labor; its climate, so conducive to continued activity; its nearness to the Oriental, Mexican and South American markets; its great supplies of raw material, such as wool, hides, lumber, mica, ores; its transportation facilities, which will be added to from year to year, should make Santa Fe County an industrial beehive with a pojuilation ten and twenty fold its present number. Woolen mills, beet sugar factories, canneries, brickyards, tanneries, smelters, furnaces, steel mills, potteries, glove, shoe and furniture factories are a few of the manufacturing possibilities of this section, which is richly endowed by nature and evidently designed by Providence to be a center of industrial activity.

New Mexico, and Santa Fe County especially, have within them the great natural resources which are bound to make them prominent in the industrial world, and the wise mans who invests his capital in such enterprises at present, before the grind of competition is felt, ought to reap a rich reward.

For information concerning Now Mexico in general and Santa Fe County in particular, address ^lax. Frost, Secretary, and the members of the Bureau of Immigration, Santa Fe, New Mexico.