Crownpoint Hospital, Lombardy Street, Crownpoint

Source document Quoted word for word from HABS NM-195. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

The following significance statement is from a Inventory and Evaluation Form completed for the Old Crownpoint Hospital (Hamilton & Nixon This local landmark provided health care services for much of the community of Crownpoint and the Eastern Navajo Agency since the late It served as a meeting ground for traditional healers and western Anglo doctors. Local residents came to depend on this facility and its staff for medical support on a routine as well as an emergency basis. Because of this investment in the community and tradition and because of the dependency of the community on its service, it is concluded that the Crownpoint Hospital is, according to criterion "a", "associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our [Navajo] history".

Further, given its execution in Pueblo Revival styles, its large size, and the cost to erect it at (Kammer & Tiller it is concluded that this building may be one of the most extensive built under the PWA program. It is further concluded that, according to criteria the Crownpoint Hospital embodies "distinct characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction" as represented in its late expression of Pueblo Revival style. It also is considered to contribute to the significance of surrounding properties.

Further, in correspondence dated November 1, (Downer to Taylor the Navajo Nation Historic Preservation Department and the New Mexico State Historic Preservation Office concurred that is eligible for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places under criteria "a" and CROWNPOINT HOSPlTAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page 3) PART 1. HISTORICAL

Information a

Physical History: 1. Date of erection: 2. Architect: Mayers, Murray & Phillips, original plans dated September 12, 2 W. 4th Street, New York City 3. Original and subsequent owners: Original: Bureau oflndian Affairs Public Health Service Window Rock Arizona Current: NAIHS POBox9020 Window Rock Arizona 4. Original and subsequent occupants: Same as 3 above 5. Builder, contractor, suppliers: Builder: Roy H. Bradley, Supervisor, local Navajo workers Contractors: local labor, some of which helped construct the nearby Fort Defiance Hospital Suppliers: locally cut stone, presumably local suppliers from Thoreau 23 miles to the south 6. Original plans and construction: On file, Navajo Area Indian Health Service, Window Rock, Arizona 7.

Alterations and additions: Mechanical systems have been replaced; lighting and plumbing systems have been replaced; a drop ceiling has been added; two additions have been made to the outside (see CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page 4) below); concrete ADA ramps have been added and emergency escape stairs added to North Wing. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) BABS No. (Page 5) B. Historical Context: 1. - 68: The Displacement Policy Recently, Ellen Threinen wrote: "From its inception in the U. S. government had a policy of placing Indians on reservations and providing education to integrate them into society" (198la:i).

While this technically cannot be corroborated, it does summarize the general approach of the government to Native Americans over the years. Before it was the military's function to displace the Indians and education fell predominantly into the hands of missionaries. From ca. military efforts were made to subdue the Indians and move them onto reservations; this is the displacement philosophy (see Threinen 1981a:27-32). In the early decades of this period, the situation in the Southwest was unsettled. The westward expanding United States was involved in boundary disputes with Mexico. There were sporadic Indian uprisings focused mostly against the Mexican settlers in territory which would ultimately become parts of Arizona and New Mexico.

Settlements in the area were spread over great distances, were situated in resource poor conditions, were hard to protect, and, toward the end of this period, rumblings of Civil War were heard in the South. General Stephen Watts Kearney was dispatched to wage a war of expansion against Mexico (Higgins On August 15, Kearney proclaimed that he would be the "protector" of the New Mexican population then beset by Navajo raiding (James To achieve that end, on September 18, he dispatched three Missouri Volunteer companies under command ofLt. Colonel Cosgrove Jackson to Seyboyeta, approximately ten miles north of present day Laguna. His strategy, however, did little to deter raiding. In November Colonel Alexander W.

Doniphan, representing Kearney, met with Navajo leaders at a location called Shush B 'Toh (Bear Springs). After long negotiations, Doniphan and fourteen Navajo chiefs (Higgins Simmons signed a treaty on the 22 d that stipulated that the Navajo would recognize allegiance to American settlers and travelers (and now military) in the territory; would cease attacks on residents of New Mexico; would return stolen goods and livestock, and; would release Mexican captives (James The intent of this new approach was to quell hostilities between the Navajo and Mexican populations in the area and to open a new relationship between ethnic factions. Not apparent to Kearney, the presence of a "foreign" military garrison in Dine Bikeah (homeland of the Navajo people) lead to further distrust.

From to CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page 6) the Kearney treaty, and other subsequent agreements, failed to gain control (James As hostilities increased between and Colonel Edwin Vose Sumner devised a plan to move the existing garrison at Fort Marcy (Santa Fe) to Fort Union and on September 18, he authorized construction of Fort Defiance (at Tse Hot Sohih, meadows between the rocks) nearer the center of Navajo activities (James Using a strategy of moving posts into Navajo territory, Sumner sought to develop a friendship with the Navajo by entering into trade with them. He established quartermaster stores which provided much needed goods and foodstuffs during difficult winters.

Although the next decade or so saw sporadic incidents of raiding, Sumner handled them tactfully without resort to warfare (James Several treaties (Meriwether Bonneville attempted to demarcate the territory of the Navajo. While traditional Navajo lands were included within these boundaries, the attempt to restrict activities to specified areas was not a Navajo custom; they were nomadic and were adapted to freedom of movement (Simmons This action, combined with the harsh winters and difficult conditions, resulted in an attack on Fort Defiance on April 30, by an estimated 1 warriors.

Fighting continued all day until evening when the Navajo retreated to the hills (James This prompted movement of additional troops -- companies E, F, and K, Third Infantry (Higgins into the area and on August 31, establishment ofFort Fauntleroy at Shush B'Toh (named for Department Commander Colonel Thomas Turner Fauntleroy). The fort was situated at the location of a series of springs in a small valley on the north slopes of the Zuni Mountains, the site of the signing of the treaty (Tiller Initially, Fauntleroy served as a tent camp outpost of Fort Defiance. A full scale campaign to subdue the Navajo continued into early Carleton developed a plan of rounding up the Navajo and moving them to a safe location. In early Ft.

Wingate, New Mexico, included eight companies of men, three of which were under the command of Colonel Christopher "Kit" Carson. 2 Old Fort Defiance was the staging area for Carleton's round up of the Navajo. On July 28, he dispatched Carson on the first sortie. Some 180 1 According to Threinen (1981a:9) there were warriors. The garrison included four companies of the Fourth New Mexico Mounted Rifles, one 2 company of California Volunteers commanded by Lt. Colonel Jose Francisco Chavez, and three companies of the First New Mexico Volunteers under the command of Carson. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page 7) Navajo had surrendered3 but many had not. By the end of the Navajo approached desperate straits.

Crops had been destroyed, winter had set in, food was in short supply and they were essentially homeless. On January 12, Carson captured most of the remaining Navajo at Canyon de Chelly (James and sent them to Bosque Redondo on what is known as the "Long Walk". The effect on the Navajo was immense. Threinen (1981a:10) summarizes: Although few Navajos were killed in the roundup itself, many died from the hardships of the Long Walk. Perhaps worse, the roundup and Long Walk were culturally devastating to the Navajos because they were transformed overnight from the strongest, richest group in the Southwest, to a straggling, starving band. During these years, the Navajo and a few Apaches were moved to Fort Sumner.

Conditions at Bosque Redondo were poor and complaints about miserable conditions issued forth from many quarters ( see Threinen 1981a:10-11 ).

Finally, a Congressional investigation resulted in the June 1, negotiation of a treaty with the Navajo which stipulated their return to traditional lands (James The boundaries established by the treaty were as follows (Treaty1868): bounded on the north by the degree of north latitude, south by an east and west line passing through the site of old Fort Defiance, in Canon Bonito, east by the parallel of longitude which, if prolonged south, would pass through Old Fort Lyon or the Ojo-de-oso, Bear Spring, and west by a parallel oflongitude about 109 degree 30' west of Greenwich, provided it embraces the outlet of Canon-de-Chilly, which canon is to be included in this reservation ... Note that this does not include the territory around Crownpoint, later known as the "checkerboard" area.

The treaty further specified that the Navajos stop raiding and send their children to school; the government would provide schools and teachers. The treaty reads (Treaty:1868): 3 For details on this pre-round up effort, see Higgins1960:1 l. 4 Concluded June 1, ratification advised July 25, proclaimed August 12, (15 Stat. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page 8) the United States agrees that for every thirty children between said ages [six to sixteen] who can be induced or compelled to attend school, a house shall be provided, and a teacher competent to teach the elementary branches of an English education shall be furnished, who will reside among said Indians, and faithfully discharge his or her duties as a teacher.

The key elements of this treaty - demarcation of reservation boundaries and education - are at the center of the new approach to the Indian problem, the assimilation policy, to" ... integrate Indians into Anglo-American society as quickly and inexpensively as possible" (Threinen 1981a:28). Shortly after signing the treaty, some Navajos walked back home. 2. - The Assimilation Policy From approximately to about a policy of assimilation was in place. As above, the goal of assimilation was to integrate the Indians into Anglo-American society. This was done through education, using federally sponsored boarding schools that were taught mostly by missionaries. The curriculum was generally vocational.

The purpose of these schools was to remove children from their culture of origin and educate them in the ways of the culture of domination (Threinen 1981a:29). Control of the territory in which Crownpoint is situated was long disputed. This portion of the reservation was not added until partially because of its contested ownership among the Territory of New Mexico, the federal government, private and commercial in-holdings and displaced Navajo. But, by much of the checkerboard area came under U.S. control. The use of education to advance assimilation is seen locally in the construction of the Crownpoint Boarding School, founded in by Samuel F.

Stacher (Kammer & Tiller The first buildings at Crownpoint Boarding School were erected between these included a school house, student dormitories, two school employee residences, four agency residences and the agency office. A small hospital was added in but was limited in capacity and did not meet the agency's needs. In the construction resumed with a shift in architectural emphasis also seen elsewhere on the reservation. This expansion would include health facilities and services for the general population. It is at that time that a number of the quarters were added in Crownpoint, including in and-36 in and in These structures were built to house agency and school personnel and were not immediately assigned to the medical service.

All were built in CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) No. (Page 9) southwestern vernacular style and while they dated to the period of the PWA building phase on the Navajo reservation, they are not typical of the Pueblo Revival residential themes seen elsewhere. 3. - 45: The New Deal About this time, attitudes began to change as Indian education attracted more and more attention. In recommendations were made to reverse the focus of the assimilation policy and, in particular, to move boarding schools closer to the reservations to allow education of the child to occur more closely within his/her cultural setting (Threinen 1981a:30). Beginning ca. and peaking in the New Deal era education changed in these directions. The election in November of put Franklin D.

Roosevelt in the White House. He immediately began his New Deal program focused on easing the Great Depression. The influence of this initiative effected nearly every segment of the federal government. Roosevelt selected Harold Ickes to serve as the Secretary of the Interior and Ickes, in tum, chose John Collier as Commissioner oflndian Affairs. Collier took office on April 21, Collier was a reformer. In the early he worked in the New York tenements championing the idea of "communal existence" (Threinen 198la:39). During a visit to New Mexico, he saw the plight of the Navajo people and decided that their lives could be improved by adopting a communal lifestyle, about which he was familiar.

He worked on several Indian rights committees and came to better understand the Navajo and the Pueblo tribes. As head of the Indian Rights Welfare Committee, he was well known among legislators and representatives of the government's New Deal, including the Bureau oflndian Affairs (BIA) (Philp To Collier, the Navajo, already recipients of federal assistance in several capacities, provided the ideal testing ground for his reform movements. Following his taking office as Commissioner, Collier developed two major goals. First, he would provide modem education to the Navajo through establishment of day schools to replace the then operational boarding schools. These were to allow" ... children .. . to benefit from a modem education near home and ...

not to be isolated at boarding schools away from their culture and heritage" (Hamilton Second, he intended, through the appropriate handling of curricula, to reawaken pride in being Indian and to improve Indian lands (Threinen 1981a:39; Philp These were not new ideas but through New Deal programs like the CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page 10) Public Works Administration and the Civilian Conservation Corps, Collier was able to actually provide funding to address these particular goals as part of his general notion of self government and self sufficiency for the Navajo. In the realm of education, Collier utilized the tenets of Title II of the National Industrial Recovery Act designed to put construction workers back on the job.

This, combined with a shortage of adequate schools for Navajo children, resulted in a new day school program. Collier considered day schools preferable to boarding schools. Upon receipt of funding, the BIA engaged the New York firm of Mayers, Murray and Phillip to design plans for buildings to comprise the day schools and the Navajo capitol. In developing architectural styles for New Deal buildings, administrators and designers stressed the use of the" ... prevailing type of architecture in the immediate vicinity; suitability of the plan to the surrounding landscape; the availability of native building materials; ...

simple design; and maximum opportunity for Indian employment" (Collier in Hamilton The selected style at Navajo was Pueblo Revival, often rendered with heavy massing in the walls and external features, exposed lintels, supporting vigas and redwood canales. Because of the fragile nature of adobe, construction at Navajo frequently used Dakota sandstone, a much more lasting medium (Hamilton Most of the buildings observed Navajo tradition with doorways facing east and windowless north walls. Altogether, forty six schools were planned. The hospital at the Crownpoint Boarding School had several deficiencies. First, it was small and physical facilities were limited. Second, it was designed only to serve the children who attended the school.

Third, it occupied space that otherwise could be used for classrooms. In S. F. Stacher, Agency Superintendent, made his first request for funding to construct a new medical facility stating (Kammer & Tiller The Eastern Navajo Agency was the poorest provided with medical personnel and hospital facilities of any jurisdiction in the Southwest and ... over Indians in his district were served by one physician and one nurse. In July of Medical Director Warner visited the facility but determined that construction should be delayed until a better water supply could be established (RG 75 as presented in Kammer & Tiller Several other inspections were made of the proposed site and as Kammer and Tiller CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No.

(Page 11) summarize: "The Hospital was funded about work began in it was completed in and dedicated in Construction of the Old Crownpoint Hospital had the benefit of workers and stone masons who helped construct the recently completed Fort Defiance Hospital. It provided Eastern Navajo Agency with a medical facility with a sixty five bed capacity complete with modern x-ray equipment. It offered up to date medical services to residents of the checkerboard region, many of whom had returned to traditional lands following release from Fort Sumner. 4. Plans for the (Old) Crown Point Hospital In planning Construction during this period, Mayers, Murray & Phillips often used "patterned" floor plans and designs, styles that appear across the reservation.

The style selected at Navajo was Pueblo Revival as described above. Many buildings remain that reflect this architectural approach. The Crown Point Hospital, however, was a unique structure and existing patterns were not adequate for the task. So, instead of using patterned designs, they used the general elements of Pueblo Revival style. In they submitted a series of plans for construction of the (Old) Crownpoint Hospital. Dated September 12, this series of plans included: Crown Point Hospital, Sheet #: 01 Plot Plan 1 Basement Plan 2 First Floor Plan 3 Elevations and Sections 4 Door and Window Schedules & Details 4a [No Title], Door and Mill Work Details 5 Room Fin. Schedules - Windows and Misc.

Details 6 Interior Details, Operating Room Suite (Rooms inc.) 7 Details - Out Patients Department, Entrance, Vest - Nurses Station 8 Utility, SubUtilities, Pantries, Nursery, Dark Room,, Dumb Waiter Shaft 9 Kitchen 10 Bath Room & Toilet Details 11 Details of shelving, in Rooms 12, 29, 39 & 79 12 Foundation Structural Plan 13 First Floor Framing Plan CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page 12) 14 Roof Framing Plan 15 Basement Plumbing Plan 16 First Floor Plumbing Plan 20 First and Basement Floor Plan - Electrical 21 Basement Mechanical Plan/Heating and Ventilating 22 Boiler room Plan - Heating and Ventilating ?

First Floor Mechanical - Heating and Ventilating (Sheet Number missing from Original) A complete original set of these plans, minus Sheets 17, 18 and are maintained on file at the Navajo Area Indian Health Service in Window Rock, Arizona. While some five years were to pass before funding could be obtained and logistics arranged for the actual construction of these plans detail the parameters for the hospital to be built. Before examining these plans, some conventions are established for discussion purposes. The Old Crownpoint Hospital was ultimately constructed on a cross- plan.

The parts of the building on the Main/First Floor are referred to as follows: East Wing P EDS WING: This wing, extending from the center of the facility to the east, contained offices, the physical therapy rooms, and janitorial, bedroom, closets, etc. It also was known as the

Orange Wing

South Wing IN-PATIENT WING: Extending from the central area to the south, this wing contained utility rooms, the boiler, bath, bedrooms, showers, toilets, stone patios, etc. It also was known as the

Yellow Wing

West Wing MIXED-OCCUPANCY WING: Stretching from the central area to the west, this wing contained a waiting area, EMT, bacteriology, radiology, office space, medical records, pharmacy, labs, out patient facilities, etc. It also was known as the GREEN WING. 5 On inspection in October, many of these original maps were found to be damaged, cracked, faded or otherwise partially deteriorated. The sheet labelled First floor Mechanical - Heating and Ventilating was missing the comer on which the sheet # was indicated. It is quite possible that it could originally have been Sheet 17, 18 or 19. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page 13) North Wing OB WING: This is the top of the cross containing the delivery room, nursery, supply room, supporting rooms, etc.

(Map 1: Floor Plan 1st Floor It also was known as the BLUE WING. Central area The inside of the hospital contains two major corridors, one running north-south through those two wings and one striking east-west through those two. Near the center of the cross-plan, these two corridors intersect at a point herein termed the "Center" or "Central Area" of the hospital. This portion of the facility contained the nurses' station, a waiting area, the central chimney, elevator, storage, emergency room, etc. The portions of the hospital beneath the ground surface are known as the Basement and the Crawl Space.

They are described as follows: Basement Usable basement space radiated from beneath the central portion of the hospital under all four wings (Map 2: Floor Plan, Basement Approximately half of the East Wing (from the Central Area to the east) was :finished and used for hospital purposes. To the south only three rooms were :finished. To the west, again only a couple of rooms were :finished. To the north, the entire wing was developed beneath the Main Floor. Crawl Space The undeveloped remaining space beneath the Main Floor was used only as crawl space to access mechanical and structural elements of the facility.

Sheet 01, the Plot Plan, contains many interesting details (Crown Point Hospital The Main Entry Road to the facility is oriented north-south, turning at 90 degrees from the Existing Road which very likely was Lombardy Street (east- west). The entryway approaches the hospital's west wing from the north, looking straight ahead to a proposed east-west sidewalk and a Grass Plot bordering the 6 Maps 1 and 2 date to They were selected to represent the floor plan of not because of their date of creation but because of their clear depiction of the footprint. The representations in the original Mayers, Murray & Phillips plans do not necessarily match the floor plans. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page ~ West Wing 3). The visitors' parking lot is ahead.

Parallel to the North Wing, the sidewalk turns perpendicularly south and approaches the main entryway on the first floor. Two short sets of steps lead to the main door located near the center of the facility where the west and north wings converge. The Grass Plot is separated from the parking area by a curb and proposed Cement Walk striking east-west. As it approaches the North Wing, the walk turns south toward the main entrance. At the entryway, it turns left (east) into the main entrance and right (west) running parallel to the West Wing. At the end of the West Wing it turns left (south) and up the steps to the Out Patient Entrance and right (north) to join with the section of walkway along the parking area.

Once it joins this segment of the walk, it forms a complete rectangle enclosing the Grass Plot. Aesthetic in appearance, it originally may have contained a flag pole, just as it did in October of Traffic flow is in three directions at the end of the Main Entry Road. First, visitors can park in the parking area just north of the West Wing. Second, they can turn left (east) onto a short gravel roadway that passes to the north of the North Wing and opens into a semi-circular Service Court apparently designed to receive deliveries, pick up supplies or other service related :functions. Adequate space is provided for larger vehicles like trucks to turn around and maneuver.

Turning right at the end of the Main Entry Road, leads to another service road that parallels the West wing and then turns south to the entrance at the west end of the West Wing. Directly west of the west entrance is a circular drive area labelled "Ambulance Court and Out Patients' Ent" (see photograph This is designed to allow room for Ambulances to approach the Out Patient area, maneuver and park, and deliver their patients to the door of the facility with plenty of room to turn, manipulate and exit once their work is done. In the field in October remnants of a circular stone wall were seen forming the periphery of the Ambulance Court. The East Wing of the hospital is shown with a series of canales draining from the roof onto the ground.

On its east extreme, the exterior walls ex.tend outward forming a moderately defined T-plan (Maps 1 & 2, pages 15 & The South Wing has similar drainage structures around the roof line. On the south end of the South Wing is a paved area labelled "Terrace" traversing the entire South Wing. A field visit made to the structure in October revealed that this is best conceived as a convalescent area. The illustration includes a similar but smaller terrace on the west side of the South Wing facing the west. The south end of the South Wing, like the East Wing, terminates in a moderately defined T- plan. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No.

(Page 15 The West Wing is drained by another series of canales interrupting the parapet around roo On its west end is the Out Patient Entryway mentioned above. The West Wing terminates on the west extreme in a clean rectangular plan without the T-plan addition. The North Wing, unlike the others, terminates (north end) in an indented footprint, the exterior walls narrowing at the north end to form a smaller room approximately half the width of the main portion of the wing (Maps 1 & 2, pages 15 & This room is adjacent to the Service Court area just outside the facility. On the east side of the North Wing is a chimney situated approximately halfway along the exterior wall. Approximately directly west of the Out Patient Entrance of the West Wing is another structure labelled "Garage".

It is coded as "Existing Building" on the Plot Plan. Approximately 30' south of the Garage is another structure labelled "Chicken House" with an attached "Chicken Run" coded as "Existing Building to be Removed". Two further buildings are located approximately 75' and directly north of the Garage. Both are labelled "Commissary"; they are coded as "Existing Building"[s]. Located about northwest of the Garage is the Tennis Court which is not coded either for removal or retention. Nearly north of the west end of the West Wing is a structure labelled "Nurses Residence" and approximately 50' west of it is the "Doctors Residence". Both are coded simply as "Existing Building"[s]. Sone further west is the "Office" also coded simply as an "Existing Building".

The Plot Plan provides the conceptual layout of the hospital and its surrounding buildings within the existing landscape and facilities (Crown Point Hospital It also provides general details of the structure, its footprint and its relationship to surrounding terrain and features. The subsequent sheets in the series detail particular aspects of the proposed construction of the facility itself. The second sheet, the Basement Plan (Crown Point Hospital, details the proposed use of the basement area. The crawl space in the outer (eastern) half of the East Wing contains typical details of the supporting construction. Numerous 2' x 2' stone piers, 6" x 8" continuous girders and 2" x 12" x 16' joists are combined into the underpinning of the building.

The remainder of the East Wing was used for laundry and linen processing. From the central area looking to the south is the South Wing. Like the East Wing, only a portion of this wing of the basement was excavated and turned into usable space. The same is true of the West Wing, the bulk ofit remained as crawl space. From the central point to the north is the North Wing. It contained the kitchen and associated food processing facilities. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page t, In the margins around the footprint of the hospital are drawings of other details of construction. Some of these include: Sections of Main Entrance Stairs at Door No.

95 Elevator Doors Section through Access Door Section of Stair at Door 6a Details of Exterior Stair Out Patients Entrance at Door 74 Sheet 2 details the Main floor (Crown Point Hospital There is a point on the Main Floor where all four corridors cross; it is at the 'center' of the hospital. Standing there facing east reveals the entire East Wing on the upper level. Immediately on the right (south) is a Patients' Clothes room and a utility room; on the left (north) is a linen room and a pantry. Beyond these to the east are two wards. On the left is a ward with space for two beds; on the right is as ward with one bed. Moving beyond these are a bank of rest rooms on either side followed by two wards of four beds each, one on each side.

Beyond these wards is the area on the east end of the East Wing that expands into the T-plan. Straight down the hall at the east wall of the East Wing is another bank ofrestrooms with a six bed ward on either side. Altogether this wing could accommodate twenty three beds. The South Wing is very similar. It consists of intermingled wards, bathrooms and an occasional pantry or utility room. Altogether there were twenty beds in this wing. The unique feature of the South Wing is the Terrace attached to the outside of the southern extreme wall. Doors in the south wall open from the ward onto the terrace allowing access to the outside.

Along the left (south) side of the West Wing were, in order from the center to the western end of the wing, bathroom facilities, a four bed ward, more bathroom facilities, a two bed ward, a utility room, a nursery, a linen room, a one bed ward, a delivery room, a scrub room and a waiting room (for Out Patients). On the right (north) side of the corridor was the Nurses Station and Entrance Vestibule (waiting room). Opening to the outside main entrance, this was the hub of the hospital. Patients passed through this reception area first on their way to receive medical care.

There are built in benches around the waiting room and a glass window setup behind which the nurses kept patient records and other necessary paperwork Beyond that to the west was a four bed ward, bathrooms, an X-ray room, a dark room, bathrooms, a doctors room, a drug storage room, a clinic and a dental facility. At the western end of the hall was the Ambulance entrance. Altogether there were eleven beds along the West Wing corridor. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Pa~e Standing at the center and facing north looks directly down the hall to the Operating Room On the right (east) side of the North Wing were bathrooms, a utility room, a three bed ward, bathrooms, a one bed ward, a scrub room and a work room.

On the left (west) was a four bed ward, bathrooms, a three bed ward, and a sterilizing room. The North Wing culminates in the Operating Room which is situated at the north end of the wing and faces directly down the central corridor. A huge window on the north end of the building bathes the room in sunlight. The window is recessed into the wall Flush with the wall is a glass "cabinet" with doors and between the glass and the window is a floor mounted radiator. The doors could be opened or closed as needed to regulate the heat in the room but still allow the light to shine through. Standing at the window and facing south reveals three swinging surgical theater doors The central doors open onto the corridor facing the center of the hospital and the South Wing beyond.

On the left is the Work Room/Scrub Up Room and to the right is the Sterilizing Room, both essential to the operation of a surgical theatre. Blue tile covers the walls to a height above the doors and the floor is made of a very dense, impenetrable tile. Sheet 3 (Crown Point Hospital provides a series of elevations and sections that show the placement and patterning of windows and doors in the exterior of the structure relative to canales, stairs and other external features. Sheets 4 and 4a (Crown Point Hospital & 1934-4a) describe the particular window and door types. They provide details on the location, materials, sizes and configuration of all openings both interior and exterior. Tiling, wainscot, mill work, and flooring are also detailed on these sheets.

Sheet 5 (Crown Point Hospital details particular treatments for individual features. Construction of the canales is drawn in detail, the canopy over the entrance doors is illustrated, steel window insertion relative to studs is shown, details of the X-ray room are depicted and the laundry room configuration is rendered. Sheet 6 (Crown Point Hospital focuses on the Operating Room and the adjoining support rooms. The floor and door layout is shown in detail especially the two doors that lead to the Sterilizing Room and the Work Room. In the surgical theater, specific instructions require that construction "Carry 2" Tile Cap over Doors The operating light fixture is detailed and the large window on the north wall is drawn.

Instrument sinks, water heaters, sterilizers and exhaust fans are indicated in the Sterilizing Room and in the Work Room sinks, lockers, radiators and other fixtures are shown. The Scrub Up room to the south is also shown, with sinks, a bathroom, and tiling indicated. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page IB Sheet 7 ( Crown Point Hospital illustrates the details of the Out Patients Department, the main entrance and the Nurses Station. The canopy over the main entrance is drawn as is the "Bronze Saddle" in the doorway. The built in bench specifications are given and the construction of counters and cabinets in the Nurses Station are provided. The entryway doors and the Nurses service window are drawn.

Also illustrated are the delivery room scrub area, the drug storage unit, and the dental facility on the western end of the West Wing. Sheet 8 (Crown Point Hospital details several interior rooms including a typical pantry, utility rooms, bathrooms, nursery, dark room and the dumb waiter shaft. Sheet 9 (Crown Point Hospital details the kitchen in side view, floor plan and detail finish work. Counters, refrigerators, dairy cases, meat lockers, sinks, tables, toasters and a complete dish washing area are shown. Sheet 10 (Crown Point Hospital 10) provides comparable details for bathrooms and toilets. Finally, Sheet 11 (Crown Point Hospital illustrates the details of shelving construction in several storage, linen and other work rooms throughout the facility.

Sheet 12 (Crown Point Hospital shows several structural specifications. Stairways are drawn and the construction of gutters is illustrated. Cross sections and drawings of footings and piers are specified. A note on the plans states: All footings and foundation walls to be carried at least below grade to hard firm soil, or to levels indicated on plan, except interior piers and pier footings which are to be carried at least below grade to hard firm soil. Sheets 13 and 14 ( Crown Point Hospital & 14) provide the framing plans for the first floor and the roof, respectively. Sheets 15 and 16 (Crown Point Hospital & 16) detail the plumbing in the structure, showing the locations of water sources and its flow through the facility.

Sheet 17, 18 and 19 were missing from the NAIHS Window Rock files although there is one sheet with no number (First Floor Mechanical - Heating and Ventilating (Crown Point Hospital damaged with age) that may be one of these. Sheet 20 is the electrical plan for both floors and sheets 21 and 22 provide plans for the basement and boiler room heating and ventilating systems (Crown Point Hospital 21 & Prepared in these plans provide an initial spatial allocation as perceived by Mayers, Murray and Phillips. Constructed in some five years later, these functional allocations may already have changed by then. Certainly after the hospital opened, the internal allocation of rooms and space changed with use, with hospital needs and in response to changing health and safety codes.

To provide an uninterrupted consideration of internal utilization, this is treated in a separate section below titled "Space Allocation". CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page~! 5. - 40: Funding, Construction and Dedication With these plans in hand, officials started the process of acquiring funding to construct the hospital. As above, initial requests were made as early as Relying on persistence and emphasizing need, administrators :finally received funding in about In 193 8, using the Mayers, Murray and Phillips plans, Roy H. Bradley began construction on the facility (Kammer & Tiller Part of the New Deal approach was the adoption of the philosophies oflndian self-determination and self government as opposed to the earlier policy of assimilation.

Insofar as possible, Navajo would build the hospital which later was to serve them. Embracing this approach, a work force comprised of as many Navajo workers as possible was assembled. Stone masons, carpenters, plumbers and other Navajo specialists were located, many of them from other nearby building project like the Fort Defiance Hospital. Many construction workers camped near the site as construction progressed. The camp site was situated to the north east of in an area that in October was developed as housing. It is unknown whether any archaeological deposits remain in the area. Stone for the building came from Thoreau some 23 miles to the to the south.

Workers came from Fort Defiance, Tohatchi and locally from Crownpoint (Kammer & Tiller The building was completed in at a cost of$150,670.00 and was blessed by Medicine Man JeffKing (Kammer & Tiller It was dedicated in 6. The First Decade: The Forties NAIHS holdings in Window Rock contained two files dating to the early days of operation of the Old Crownpoint Hospital. They both are dated September, The first is titled "Evaluation Survey Data" form. It contains a fair amount of information about the hospital in Its completion date is given as and it contained cubic feet of space.

The original building cost was and its new evaluation is with a replacement cost of Three attached photographs show the condition of the building to be excellent at that time (Evaluation Survey Data The second document is titled "Department of the Interior, Office oflndian Affairs, Individual Building Report". The "New Building No." is listed as the "Crown Point Boarding School" (Individual Building Report At that date it contained "65 beds & 10 Bassinetts". The exterior walls were native sandstone and the interior partitions were stone and plaster. The roof was built up CROWNPOINT HOSP ITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page with composition and the floors were hardwood and "Lino [linoleum] -covered".

In the ceilings, the construction beams are described as "showing" (Individual Building Report It was heated with steam generated by burning coal and bottled gas was used for cooking (Individual Building Report It had a central heating plant and electricity. The condition of the building on the of June last" was described as "Good" and its estimated value on of June last" was The main building covered x and the wings were: X x 64' and; 16' X 18' Five years later, a photographic image was made of the hospital. It was located during a search of the photo archives at the Navajo Nation Museum in Window Rock, Az. in October Dated September it shows the hospital looking from the northeast toward the East and North Wings (Photograph 1). 7.

The Fifties: Transfer to NAIHS/New Flooring A photograph shows a view of the main entryway of the Old Crownpoint Hospital (note the two nurses for scale). The west side of the North Wing and a portion of the West wing are illustrated (Photograph 2). Also depicted are the visitor parking area just beyond the vehicle and, in the foreground, a neatly arranged stone border around the gravel drive. Prior to was the property of the Bureau oflndian Affairs, Public Health Service. In the Indian Health Service split from the BIA and the hospital was transferred into NAIHS holding. This transfer is recorded on a Form HEW-84 that has no date other than the post-1955 bracket (HEW- 84: n. In block 21, the date of acquisition is listed as July 1, and the method of acquisition is "Transfer".

Over the years, numerous improvements were made to A document in the NAIHS Window Rock files lists several of these spanning from to (Recap of Costs, n. Projects indicated on the Recap of Costs n. d. document are noted by the superscript "re" (Itemrc) in Table 1. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No.

(Page TABLE 1: CHRONOLOGY OF MODIFICATIONS & IMPROVEMENTS, Date Proj/Ref# Descri12tion Value BIA Original Building May 30, capital improvement, construct partitions and shelving for storage area in basement Jun 29, APHS-59-4070 floor remodeling Nov 9, l SA74PH-367 roofmg Oct 16, correction of gross sq ft from to Sep 14, emergency generator Oct 12, window-door conversion Nov 10 l P01046-RPV-67-I02 fire sprinkler system ' Oct 22, amend #1 renovate kitchen _ghone confirmation July 9, remodel peds Apr 14, l construction of Out Patient Addition, sq ft Jan 15 , emergency generator Oct 15 , incinerator 1 On the Recap of Costs (n. d.) Project list, there is an entry on Oct 15, for and the project is described as "Incinerator". On the Building Record (n.

d.) list of projects, there is an entry on October 16, to "Furnish and install gas fired incinerator contract Because of the specificity of the latter entry, it is presumed that the installation very likely was done in not CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. MODIFICATIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS, (Cont'd) (Page May 13, replace flooring May 16, cancel RPV replaced May 16, emergency generator Cancel - Cancel - May 19, install automatic sprinkler system in crawl space and various rooms in the hos.12.ital July 1, receipt for LP gas tank transferred hr BIA memo dated 2 The Building Report (n. d.) lists this as May 10, not May 15, 3 The Building Report (n. d.) lists this as not as an apparent typographic error. CROWNPOINT HOSP ITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No.

(Page~;73 A second document, which is not dated is a Building Record, Form HEW-84. It also lists several projects ranging from to items on that list are designated the superscript (Itemb') on Table 1 (Building Record, Form HEW- Those items on both lists are so indicated. Together these documents chronicle some of the major projects at over the years. The actual paperwork to accomplish several of these modifications was found in records in the NAIHS office in Window Rock. These are detailed below. Twenty years after completion of the hospital, a Purchase Order was issued to make repairs of the floor treatment at various locations in the Hospital.

The PO Reads (Purchase Order Furnish all labor, material, services and equipment to remove present linoleum floor, cove feature strip, metal hook strips and stops; repair damage to wall due to removal of hook strips and stops; prepare floor and install latex underlayment; install approximately sq. ft of vinyl plastic asbestos tile flooring; install vinyl cover base 6" complete with corner cove and stop; all as attached and in accordance with specifications as set forth in Invitation No. Totaling this upgrade provided new floor covering for a fair portion of the hospital. Unfortunately, the contractor is not named on the document. 8.

The Sixties: A New Roof/New Emergency Fixtures A New Roof A Construction Contract dated November 9, specifies that Lydick Roofing Company of Albuquerque, New Mexico, shall perform reroofing services at "Buildings at PHS Indian Hospital". The total contract is for and specifies that work shall be accomplished within 45 days of issuance (Construction Contract Because this document was found in the file and because the reroofing job is listed on the Recap of Costs, it is concluded that the roof on was replaced under this authority. Gas Fired Incinerator Although there is a Real Property Voucher in the amount of to install the gas fired incinerator, this work does not appear on the Recap of Costs CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page W' list of repairs.

The authorized signature on this document is John W. Kincaid, Acting Area Property Officer. The contract number is The plans to complete this project Incinerator illustrate the installation on the "West Elevation"; they are dated April 1, All appearances are that this was an agreed contract although completion of the work is not able to be verified. Emergency Generator A voucher signed on September 14, records installation of an Emergency Generator (Real Property Voucher The voucher specifies that the foundation for this hardware would be concrete, the exterior walls would be sandstone and the interior walls covered with plaster. The roof would be "composition built-up" and the floor wood covered with linoleum. The total square footage required for of this improvement is not given.

Emergency Exit Addition Also in an Invitation, Bid and Award was made in the amount of to remove a double window and install a door at the hospital. The contract was awarded to Styron Construction Company, Inc., of Albuquerque. The construction plans, dated July 29, (Emergency Exit show the window to be removed from the west side of the "Obstetrical Wing" and diagram the door/window arrangement to be added as well as the stair and landing configuration created as a result of the work. At the time of inspection in October this was examined and replacement mortar used in the reconstruction was identified in place. This exit is on the west side of the North Wing, exiting from the (in Main Floor Delivery Room.

Installation of Sprinkler System Two maps illustrate the installation plans for the sprinkler system, both dated April 8 (First Floor Plan and Basement Plan The water supply from a 4" water main to the north of the North Wing enters the hospital at the basement level at the north end of the wing. A 4" pipe enters the building along the east wall and runs parallel to the central corridor to the rear of the basement. It has branches that supply water to sprinkler heads in the east, south, west and north basement areas. Risers At least four risers supply the upper floor. Seventy nine sprinkler heads were illustrated in the basement.

The 21 7 heads on the First Floor are shown on the accompanying map with "exact location of sprinklers, piping valves and accessories [to be] governed by conditions at site". CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page'2'J1'J5 Proposed Housing Map A map dated June 8, is titled "Proposed Housing and Hospital Sites" (Plot Plan It illustrates and other buildings, both existing and proposed, in the vicinity of the hospital. At this date, neither the Out Patient Addition nor the Boiler Room Addition are shown and the original footprint ofCR-37 is intact. 9.

The Seventies: The Out Patient Addition 5 & 6) The Out Patient Addition The voucher to add the Out Patient addition to the south wall of the West Wing is dated April 14, (Real Property Voucher The addition was to have a concrete foundation and concrete floors. Th exterior walls were to be sandstone and block and the interior walls plastered. The roof was to be built up from the addition. As is apparent in and 5, there was no attempt to match the original construction fabric either in texture or in color. Adding square feet, the Out Patient addition cost The west end of the addition contained three windows, two larger ones near the edges of the addition and a smaller one in the center.

On the south side were six windows beginning on the southwest comer and extending eastward toward a double door configuration on the east end of the addition. This probably was the service entrance into the Out Patient addition. A roof over the door was supported by vertical wood braces beneath. At the time of inspection in smoke stained the area above all windows and the double door. There were two internal entrances into the Out Patient clinic from within the hospital (Map 1, page Patients entering through the original Ambulance Entrance on the west end of the original West Wing entered into a main waiting area. To the right was a corridor opening into the Reception area of Out Patient Addition.

Turning right and walking through that into the Out Patient Addition, the patient immediately encountered a reception room. To the left was a Nurses Station, and beyond to the east, a bathroom and a Medical room and further beyond the latter, the second corridor entering the Out Patient Addition from the north to the south. Standing in the Reception area and facing south, the Nurses Station would be on the left. Directly ahead, on the south side of the Out Patient Addition was a bank of six examination rooms. To the right were storage, examination and bathrooms. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (PagemcJ4' Patient traffic was through the Ambulance entrance on the west end of the West Wing.

Once in the building, the patient faced a set of double doors directly ahead that blocked any further advancement other than into the Reception area to the right. Routed by staff in the Nurses' Station, patients were probably held in the Reception are until an Examination Room came open, then sent there. On completion, they probably were routed out through the entrance, or perhaps the double doors on the south side of the addition, never mixing with traffic from within the hospital proper. Three additional documents apparently address elements of the construction of the Out Patient Addition.

First, there is a Standard Form dated July 31, (Standard Form that requests the purchase of"Meals, three (3) per day @ per meal for Forty-two ( 42) persons, for Forty days." Other paperwork relating to the addition of the Out Patient Addition dates to approximately April of nearly two years after the requisition of meals for laborers and so it seems on the surface that these may be separate work efforts. There is additional evidence, however. On the the "Item" requisitioned reads This Purchase Order is established to cover means for The Army Engineer Personnel from Fort Carson, Colorado, consisting of Forty enlisted Men and two (2) Officers who form the work force who will assist in Building the New Addition unto the Crownpoint PHS Indian Hospital.

This statement clearly references construction of the Out Patient Addition. Further, on the Robert G. Birgam is listed as the Contract Specialist at IHS. An attached, handwritten Memorandum dated April 11, is to Robert G. Birgam, from C. L. Zeuges (sp ?), Maintenance Foreman, about "Addition to Crownpoint Hospital" (Memorandum It reads: 37 -New 0. P. D. Total Cost, Hope this will give you what you need". While dated nearly two years after the meal requisition, this clearly identifies the new addition to the hospital and correctly notes the contract cost of construction at A third document (Birgam to Russell originated with R. G. Birgam and notifies J. Russell of the addition to the hospital, obviously after the fact.

It is dated April 4, just one week before the handwritten note justifying the cost of the meals for the construction crew. Taken together, these documents apparently were initiated nearly two years before completion of the Out Patient Addition, span the construction period, and notify the appropriate Facility Management personnel of its completion. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page Safety Upgrades A June map (Door Details depicts "Renovation & Correction of Life Safety Deficiencies" at Primarily focused on doors, door types are illustrated and door surrounds, windows, louvers, window types and other details in the basement are illustrated. In addition, a few notes are made concerning screw jack supports on some piers and other foundation details.

With no corresponding contract, it is assumed that the safety renovations and corrections were done either by NAIHS staff engineers of by Dallas DREW Engineering. General Modifications Plans dated May 30, (Basement Floor Plan & Notes contain numerous details about modifications to be made in the basement. Door replacements, kitchen hood work, refrigeration upgrades, fire code modifications and outside stairway supports are illustrated. Again, without an accompanying contract it is assumed that these modifications were completed either by NAIHS staff engineers or by Dallas DREW Engineering. Patch and Paint Basement Hallway Although it does not appear on the Recap of Costs (n.

d.) list, on September 25, a requisition was made for "Patching & Painting Hallway in Basement; Furnish and Install Exterior Solid Core Door in OB Ward". By this agreement, Kemper Construction Company of Farmington, New Mexico, would supply the labor and materials to finish the repairs above. The total cost for the job was (Purchase/Service/Stock Requisition 10. The Eighties: Transition to the New Crownpoint Hospital Electrical Plan The First Floor electrical system is illustrated on a plan dated June 6, (First Floor Plan - Electrical, Also indicated are fixtures to be removed and replaced, extensions to the lighting circuit and exhaust fan replacements. There was no accompanying basement plan in the holdings at NAIHS Window Rock. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No.

(Page 8;, Closure ofCR-37 According to the Deep Look Survey was closed in 7 and operations were moved into the New Crownpoint Hospital described as a "replacement facility" The Survey notes that "A small portion of the building was serving as office space for a Tribal organization, when a fire heavily damaged the main building" No evidence was found to suggest that either the north or the south wings of the Old Crownpoint Hospital Building were in use following the opening of the New Hospital. On Friday, October 27, the author made a personal inspection of the building. At that time the east wing of the property was secured with padlocks.

After locating the keys, it was determined that several of the rooms in the east wing contained office supplies, books, furniture and other materials that suggested utilization of this space as offices. In a report prepared as a result of an inspection on April 14, Nay p.) writes of the Fire Department occupying an office in the East Wing, suggesting they were the residents of that segment of the Old Hospital. Alternatively, writing in Brenner notes that the"... east side of the building ... was occupied by the offices of the Department of Youth and Community Services" (Brenner Regarding the West Wing, in an inspection report done on April 14, (Nay p.) relates a meeting in which the occupants of the building were identified as " ...

the Navajo Department of Emergency Management Office which occupied approximately one third of the west wing of the building". 8 Later in his report, he writes: "The building is vacant except for the previously described occupancy in the west wing of the building". He writes further: "I was informed that a double door was in this hallway and in effect segregated the east end of the wing from the occupied west end". 7 On November 16, Glenn Tsingine ofNAIHS Window Rock contacted "Herbert" of the Maintenance Department at the New Crownpoint Hospital.

He remembered that the new hospital was "open for business on June of (Tsingine 8 This is verified by an article in the Gallup Independent (Brenner 1) that reads: "The fire started on the building's west side where the Navajo Nation Department of Emergency Management had its offices. When the arrived, they found the fire already well established in the office space". CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page3)1~ So, following the move to the New Hospital, two areas within the Old Hospital continued to be used, the East Wing and the West Wing. Indications are that the Fire Department had offices in portions of the East Wing.

The west end of the West Wing apparently also was in use, occupied by the Navajo Department of Emergency Management, using the extreme west door at the end of the West Wing for access and bounded on the east by a secured double hallway door. 11. The Nineties: Transfer to the Tribe/Fire The IHS no longer used or needed tribal offices were using it. Seeing the reality, the NAIHS proposed to transfer the property to the Navajo Nation for their use. This possibility is addressed in a November correspondence from the Navajo Nation Historic Preservation Department to the State Historic Preservation Office (Downer to Taylor In this effort, the made the determination that is"... eligible for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places".

This is justified by its architectural style and its execution. According to criterion "a" it"... represents the evolution of the Federal government's delivery of health care services to the people of the Navajo Nation" and under criterion "c" it" ... exhibits Pueblo Revival architectural features" (Downer to Taylor The correspondence was accompanied by a covenant designed to provide " ... adequate restrictions or conditions ... to ensure preservation of the property's significant historic features" (Downer to Taylor The Advisory Council's response came in January (Nissley to Downer After some consideration of the applicability of the covenant, the Council states: "Under the procedures set forth in 356 CFR the Council does not object to the finding of no adverse effect.

This letter evidences that the requirements of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the Council's regulations have been met". The stage is set for the transfer of 37 to the Navajo Nation. The transfer process was slow and before it could be accomplished, fire swept through the west wing of the on April 11, (State Fire Marshal In part, the cover letter of the Fire Marshal's report reads (Begay to Muneta "The Old IHS Hospital west wing was set afire on or about hours on CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page 12 Apr 97 (Saturday)". 9 This was not an isolated incident. The Navajo Nation Crownpoint Police Department has evidence to indicate:" ...

multiple acts of vandalism in the Crownpoint community during these hours - Firefighters called to the scene" ... got the blaze under control between - hours." The memorandum above further notes that all utilities have been turned off at the hospital and there is " ... HEAVY SMOKE DAMAGE throughout the remaining areas of the old hospital" 10 (Begay to Muneta As above, the only utilization ofthis portion of the hospital was for office space, and given that the fire was in the early morning, no one was inside at the time. The report attached to the memorandum states unequivocally that the blaze was "set by arsonists" (State Fire Marshal According to Chieflnspector Nay the" ...

perpetrator has broken the tempered glass window in the door in the west external wall, then reaching inside and pushing the panic bar to open the door". In the room he determined to be the origin of the fire, Nay continued his inspection: I began removing debris from the floor area ... Using a hydro-carbon detector in and around ... holes in the floor, I received moderate to weak signals of the possibility of the presence of a petroleum based product being present prior to and during the fire. . . Reading the indicators in the room of origin ... helped me make the decision that this was an intentional fire. He then reconstructed the event. After achieving access through the west door as above, the perpetrator poured ignitable fluid on the floor and walls"...

mostly in the large room that was located on the south side of the hallway in the approximate center of the west wing" (Nay p.) as well as on the walls and furniture. He then ignited it using a " ... match or cigarette lighter" and then left the structure. Nay concludes that the fire, in his estimation, was a "criminal act". 9 Brenner writes in the Gallup Independent that Jimmy Toledo, chief of the Crownpoint Volunteer Fire Department received the call for assistance at 3 :41 A. M. As a note, the Thoreau, Bluewater, Whispering Cedars, Navajo Estates, Window Rock, local BIA fire fighters and local law enforcement personnel all responded to the call. 10 Paul E. Nay, Chieflnvestigator, wrote of the smoke damage following an inspection on April 14, that beyond the west wing, the other" ...

parts of the building suffered moderate to light smoke damage, graduating to a lesser degree the further you moved away from the area of origin". CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page The Fire Marshal's Report discusses the extent of the damage: Approximately 25% of the Old Crownpoint Hospital was destroyed by this fire. The west wing was extensively damaged by the fire. The roof is down in this part of the building. The walls and floors are beyond repair. The utility systems are beyond repair in this part of the building. The fire was stopped near the juncture of the west wing with the north and south wings. The east wing, north wing, south wing, and basement are damaged by smoke.

The West Wing was totally destroyed The fire was stopped short of the Nurses' Station and it suffered no damage. The main entry way and the waiting room also escaped the blaze but all were engulfed in smoke. The Fire Marshal's report recommends that IHS arrange to "Move the offices out of the east wing of the building" because of heavy smoke damage and the lack of adequate utilities (State Fire Marshal The report also recommends that IHS disconnect all utilities, board up all portions of the building" ... including the east wing, north wing, south wing, west wing, and basement" and restrict access to all unauthorized persons. To ensure safety, the report also recommends increasing the :frequency of security rounds in the area of the hospital in particular.

The Fire Marshal suggests two courses of action. First, identify and engage an A&E firm to inspect the damage and provide estimates to: 1. Reconstruct the west wing and clean up the east wing, or 2. Demolish the west wing and clean up the east wing, or 3. Demolish the entire structure. Second, once the estimates are complete, forward them to IHS for their consideration in future management of the property. IHS took the Fire Marshal's advice and contacted IID Engineering Services, Dallas, to inspect and make recommendations with regard to the three alternatives above. Their report was published in December (Deep Look Survey Their inspection was done on August 12, Within their report are details of the operational/nonoperational elements of the structure.

Following their in depth evaluation the following cost estimates are provided (Deep Look Survey CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page~3~ Scheme A: - Demolish the building and return the site to a natural terrain SchemeB: - Demolish the medical wing [West Wing] - Construct a new medical wing - Renovate the Interior of the remaining building Scheme C - Demolish the medical wing and return the site to a natural terrain - Renovate the interior of the remaining building They conclude their evaluation and cost estimations with: Engineering Services has provided the three recommendations listed above. Determination on which of these recommendations to pursue should be made by the Navajo Area after thorough review of program needs and budget considerations.

A comprehensive NEPA assessment must be conducted to address environmental concerns including asbestos, lead, and historical preservation issues. The Deep Look Survey was submitted in December 22, on January 8, NAIHS notified the Navajo Nation of its intention to demolish (Hubbard to Hale NAIHS contended that because of the fire, the building is in an"... unusable and unsafe condition" and a transfer is no longer feasible. They argued further that the building is excess to IHS needs, a new facility is in operation as a "replacement" and that the costs of renovation, as estimated by the Deep Look Survey, are prohibitively high. Therefore, the decision was to select Scheme A, demolition of the property.

A correspondence of January 16, reiterates the fire damage and the decision to demolish and combines and another building designated Building No. (CR Clin-Dental), in a license revocation (Stopp to Todacheenie In the months that followed, internal memorandae within document meetings to discuss the proposed demolition (Dryer to Henderson Billie to Henderson In May of NAIHS contacted concerning the alternatives proposed for management of the selected alternative, the eligibility of the effects of the selected alternative, CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No.

(Page and the possibility of developing a Memorandum of agreement including mitigative actions relative to the effect of demolition (Tsingine to Henderson It was proposed that these actions include HABS/HAER documentation, public involvement and other actions. In the meantime, progress was made verbally to move forward on drafting a Memorandum of Agreement.

NAIHS submitted that document to and they responded with comments on August 20, (Downer to Nease In response, NAIHS resubmitted the document on September 28, (Tsingine to Waseta In summary, the proposed Memorandum of Agreement includes stipulations that NAIHS: - shall ensure that Level II HABS documentation acceptable to the National Park Service and is completed; - shall recognize the inclusion of an archaeological "Discovery Clause"; - will advertise their intent to demolish and will conduct public hearings prior to demolition; - will ensure that sandstone materials will be salvaged suitable for a bronze plaque at the location of - shall temporarily stockpile reasonable quantities of building materials from 7 for local use, and; - shall ensure that signatories have the opportunity to select architectural elements for reuse.

Pursuing these stipulations, NAIHS advertised their intent to demolish and held a public hearing at the Crownpoint Chapter House on January 28, Several issues arose including: - salvage of exterior sandstone - consideration of all alternatives - performance of a traditional ceremony prior to demolition - transfer of vacant property once is gone - coordination of future development with the Crownpoint Land Use committee - a time line of activities Having addressed all these issues, NAIHS re-contacted for signature of the MOA (Tsingine to Waseta In March, NAIHS also notified the Advisory Council of its actions in this context (Harrison to Kochan The MOA was signed on June (MOA At that point, NAIHS began preparation of a Scope of Work to use to negotiate a contract to pursue current documentation prior to demolition.

CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Old Crownpoint Hospital, HABS No. (Page 12. Space Allocation Following the fire and the recommendation of the Inspectors to close the facility, utilization of space within became a moot point. But during its days as a functioning medical facility, and even after transfer of the medical elements to the New Crownpoint Hospital, the use of internal space was dynamic. To begin a consideration of space utilization, a point of orientation is reiterated. Central corridors ran both north-south and east-west on both the Basement and the Main Floor levels. At the center of the facility, these corridors crossed each other at right angles.

For purposes of orientation this is referred to as the "Center" or "Central Point" of Basement & Crawl Space As designed by Mayers, Murray and Phillips, the basement and crawl space area beneath the hospital was only partially excavated and developed as usable space. The plans allocate approximately half of the basement level East Wing to laundry and other related functions (Crown Point Hospital Situated there were "Pressers, Ironing Boards, Ironers, Tumblers, Starch Cooker, Extractor, Soap Tanks and Washers, Laundry Gutters, and a Clean Linen Closet" all accessed by a single double door opening onto the corridor near the central area. The entire laundry area in the East Wing extended a few feet into the central portion of the structure, intruding on the common space among the wings.

Exiting the laundry and turning left at the central point, the view was to the south onto the basement South wing. To the left (east) down the corridor was a storage room and beyond, the stair well leading up to the Main Floor. Just ahead to the right (west) was the morgue. Beyond was the crawlspace area under the remainder of the South Wing. From the central point looking west was the West Wing containing the Boiler Room to the left (south) and a storage room to the right (north). Just west of the Boiler Room was a coal room to store fuel for the boiler. Beyond the coal room was crawl space to the end of the West Wing. From the central point to the north is the North Wing.

Facing north, the kitchen and associated storage, refrigeration, dishwashing and other facilities are on the right (east) side of the central corridor. An interesting photograph of the kitchen in operation was located at the Navajo Nation Museum during the archival search in October Although the date of the photograph is not known, Photographs 3 a & b show two views of typical activities in the kitchen. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page mB5 Starting at the central area facing north, on the left (west) were, in order, a storage room, the Help's Dining Room, the Nurses' Dining Room, Nurses' Lockers and Mens' Lockers. The narrow room at the end of the North Wing beneath the Operating (later Delivery) Room was used for storage.

Unlike the east, south and west wings, the entire basement area of the North Wing was excavated and developed as usable space. The details above represent Mayers, Murray and Phillips perception of the original allocation of space in the Basement. The next clear depiction of space allocation is on a map dated (Floor Plan, Basement Map 3). The East Wing laundry area has been divided by building a wall from the right side of the entryway door east to the existing wall. Standing at the central point and looking east, the Laundry and Linen room is on the left (north). To the right, on the other side of the new wall, space is allocated to "Stor." [storage] that once was the Morgue. Returning to the central point and looking south is a view of the basement South Wing.

To the left (east) is an elevator and a room where there previously was a storage room. Beyond this to the south is the stair way leading to the Main Floor. On the right (west) is a Maintenance Shop (formerly the Boiler Room) and beyond it to the west, a Supply Room (once the Coal Room). Ahead (south) and through the door is the crawl space. In the northeast comer of the central area, a small room has been created before entering the North Wing. It is labelled "Office". Looking north into the basement North Wing, the kitchen is still situated on the right (east) side of the central corridor.

On the left (west) side, space is reallocated in order proceeding toward the north end of the wing as follows: Storage Pharmacy store room Helps' Dining Helps' Dining Nurses Dining Store room Nurses' Lockers Store r.oom Women's and Men's Lockers Women's and Men's Lockers The narrow room at the end of the wing that is labelled "Storage" in is still used for storage. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page).9'53& The major changes in space allocation in the basement from to is an increase in store room space. Approximately half of the Laundry Room in the East Wing is now storage and the former Morgue in the South Wing is now storage. The original Boiler Room and the Coal Room are reallocated as the Maintenance shop and a supply room, respectively.

Finally, two of the offices on the west side of the hall in the North Wing (the Nurses' Dining and the Nurses' Locker rooms) are now used for storage. Shortly after creation of the space allocation map, another was done in (Floor Plan, Basement The functions in the East Wing have changed. The laundry and associated activities area is now replaced. The laundry room in the northeast comer of the original laundry is now the "Morge". It is noteworthy that the relocation of this facility places it now immediately within the double doors that serve as a service access into the basement from the Service Court outside. The adjacent Clean Linen Closet now is the Supply Office.

The walled off southern half of the laundry area is reallocated from Storage in to Pharmacy Storage in From the central point looking south, the Storage Room and elevator remain in place to the left (east) as do the stairs just ahead (south) but the Storage Room on the right (west) in is now allocated for Housekeeping. The allocation of space in the West Wing has changed slightly. The Maintenance Shop and the Store Room remain. The Store Room in the West Wing now is labelled "General Medical Store Room". Facing north from the central area, and before entering the kitchen, the Office space in the northeast corner has been reallocated as a Dining Room. Proceeding into the kitchen area, the facilities for that purpose remains in place on the right (east) side of the corridor.

On the left, the Pharmacy Store Room and Helps' Dining are reallocated as General Store rooms. The next two Store Rooms are generally the same with a small change of the southern one to a Linen Closet. The locker rooms near the end of the hall and the narrow storage room at the end of the hall are both still in place. The most notable changes in the basement between the plans and the maps created in were: 1) movement of the Morgue into the East Wing; movement of the remaining laundry facilities out of the East Wing and replacement with storage facilities and; reallocation of the entire west side of the main North Wing Corridor for storage (except the Women's and Men's lockers). Ifthere is a trend here it is toward reallocation of space to create additional storage.

CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page 7 In another rendering of space allocation was done (Foundation & Basement Plan In the East Wing, an oxygen storage area has been added along the east wall and the Pharmacy Storage area to the south now is reallocated as a Library. Standing in the central area, the small Dining Room in the northeast corner has been reallocated: it now is a Maintenance Office. No changes were made in the South Wing. In the West Wing, The General Medical Storage Room is now a Conference Room. Turning north in the central area, the kitchen remains in place on the right (east) side of the corridor.

On the west side of the corridor, changes are made as follows (south to north): General Medical Storage X-Ray Files General Storage Dietary Office General Storage Housekeeping Office Storage Room Dietary Storage Room Women's Lockers no change Men's Lockers no change Narrow room at end of hall no change The main changes from until involve reallocation of storage and maintenance space to more administrative functions like a library (East Wing), a Conference Room (West Wing) and office spaces along the west side of the North Wing. Perhaps administrative pressures were being felt that required additional space to attend to details of that nature.

The final map of space allocation in the Basement dates to December 20, after the transfer of medical units to the New Crownpoint Hospital (Basement Floor Plan 11 ). There were few changes in the basement shown between and and most of those are in the North Wing. Space reallocations along the west side of the central corridor of the North Wing include: 11 This plan, and its companion illustrating the First Floor, dates to December 20, (Main Floor Plan and Basement Floor Plan These appear to be "exit" maps of space utilization at the time the Old Crownpoint Hospital was evacuated and the New Crownpoint Hospital was occupied. These plans illustrate the final allocation of space at when it was used as a hospital. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No.

(Page~ X-Ray files Dietary Storage Dietary Office Office Housekeeping Office Office Dietary Storage Office Women's and Men's Lockers no change Perhaps the most notable change is moving of the Dietary Storage Room down the hall to a slightly larger office space and reallocation of the X-ray files to an unspecified location. Main Floor: East Wing 10, 11) On the original plans for the first floor, Myers, Murray and Phillips allocated space on the first floor East Wing for use as a 23 Bed "Medical Wing" (Crown Point Hospital Standing at the central point and looking east reveals the corridor down the center of the East Wing Hall. The wing itself, is built on a T- plan with the east end wider than the walls of the corridor, forming a Tat the end of the wing.

Beginning at the central point looking east; along the left (north) side of the corridor are, in order, a Linen Closet, a Pantry, a two bed ward, a bathroom complex and a four bed ward. Across the hall on the right (south) is a closet for patients clothes, a utility room, a one bed ward, a bathroom complex (directly across from the one on the opposite side of the hall), and a four bed ward. At the end of the corridor in the top of the T, are two six bed wards separated by a bathroom complex. As a note for discussion, these plans show the delivery and nursery (maternity) facilities in the West Wing. The next available map the illustrates space allocation dates to (Floor Plan, 1st Floor, Map 4).

Again from the central point looking east, down the East Wing corridor, on the right (south), where the Patients' Clothes room and the utility room were planned are a Store Room/elevator and a Medical Room. Continuing down the hall are a "Ped's" (Pediatrics) room, a bathroom complex and another Ped's room. Across the hall, starting at the central point, are a Formula Room (formerly Linen Room), an Inpatient Emergency Room (was a pantry) and a Ped's room, bathroom complex and another Ped's room. At the end of the hall, the top of the T-plan now houses two opposing Ped's Ward rooms. From this configuration it is clear that the maternity center of the hospital has been moved out of the West and into the East Wing and that an Inpatient Emergency Room has been added.

From a traffic perspective, the ER is situated in the center CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page~39 of the facility with access from nearly anywhere on the floor via one or more branches of the main corridor system. A map shows a nearly identical allocation of space with two exceptions. First, on the south side of the corridor in the East Wing, in the room before the top of the T, is space set aside for Health Education. Second, on the south side of the widened room at the top of the T, one of the Ped's wards has been converted into a Nursing Office.

With these two exceptions use of space in closely reflects that in The next available illustration of space allocation dates to (Floor Plan, 1st Floor, It does not show the Health Education office on the south side of the corridor adjacent to the top of the T-plan. Nor does it illustrate the Nursing Office in the top of the T (south side); rather this space is again labelled Ped's Ward. All other space allocation appears the same as previously shown. In a final map of space allocation was made, probably following movement of most medical facilities to the New Crownpoint Hospital (Main Floor Plan 3), This map shows some changes from the version.

Standing at the central point and looking east, the space use along the right (south) wall is utilized as follows: at the beginning of the east corridor is the storage and elevator facilities, as before. In the room immediately to the east is a small Nurses Station and a medication room and beyond it is a room labelled interpreted as a one person bedroom. The bathroom complex continues to the east and at the end of the hall (before the top of the T) is a Storage Room in the room once labelled "Health Education". On the other (north) side of the corridor, the Emergency Room is still in place. Beyond it (east) is a two bed ward, the bathroom complex and a three bed ward. In the top of the Tat the end of the corridor are the same two rooms.

The one on the south is labelled "Office" and the one to the north is "Physical Therapy". It is noteworthy that the use of"Ped's Ward" has been discontinued by It is also notable that the north wing contains nurseries and ward rooms, perhaps suggesting a reallocation space for the Maternity Ward into that wing. But the Office at the top of the T and the Health Education/Storage Room are problematic. Neither space usage appears on the maps but they are shown on the Present Use illustration (First Floor Present Use They disappear again on the map only to reappear on the version although with slightly different functions. A close examination reveals an obscure note on the map CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No.

(Page ) L-{ D indicating that the map was revised in If part of the revision was to add these two elements, then they would not appear on the maps, wrongly appear on the map, are not on the map but show up on the version. If the revision in is responsible for their appearance on the map, then the changes in space allocation occurred after (absent) but before (present), and continue to appear after that. The original plans for the East Wing designated it as the "Medical Wing" with space for twenty three beds in six wards; it was to be built on a T-plan. By space clearly has been reallocated as the Pediatrics Ward with six ward rooms. By this time it also has an inpatient Emergency Room at the corner near the intersection of the main corridors.

It is still used as pediatrics in and by (revised map) a Nursing Office and a Health Education room have been built into the existing architecture. By the time the hospital closed, the wards had been moved into the North Wing and as best as can be determined, the East Wing reverted to a standard ward setup. South Wing Like the East Wing, the South Wing was built on a T-plan. This is labelled the "T. B." Wing and was designed to hold twenty beds (Crown Point Hospital Standing at the central point looking south affords a view rather similar to that of the East Wing, with rooms along each corridor terminating in a large room at the end of the hall.

On the left (east) side of the corridor were the stair way leading down to the basement, a pantry, a small utility room, two separated one bed wards and a bathroom complex. On the other side of the corridor there was a ward with three beds, a bathroom complex and another three bed ward also adjacent to another bathroom complex. At the end of the complex were two six bed wards with a central bathroom complex, built on a floor plan similar to the end wards on the East Wing. On the west and south sides were terraces, large open areas paved with concrete and, at least around the south patio, surrounded by a nicely executed stone fence standing some 36 inches high 8). Beyond the patio was a driveway that approached the wing from the east.

A retaining wall a few feet distant was similarly constructed of native stone and mortar. While not specific to tuberculosis, a space allocation plan dated shows a very similar floor plan to the original (Floor Plan, 1st Floor, In fact, nothing changed significantly. A map also shows few changes in space allocation with one exception (Floor Plan, 1st Floor, On the left (east) side of the corridor, the second two bed ward room has been reallocated as an Isolation Room. The map (revised in shows two wards at this location, perhaps showing the CROWNPOINT HO SPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page ~YI original details before the change to the Isolation Room Even so, care must be taken reading the revised map.

Finally, the map (Main Floor Plan shows some space allocation changes prior to hospital closure. Along the left (east) corridor wall, were the stairs, two utility rooms, a one bed ward labelled "Security", another one bed ward and the bathroom complex. Across the hall were two three bed wards separated by a bathroom complex. At the end of the hall before reaching the large double ward, was another bathroom complex on this side of the corridor. The ward on the left (east) of the top of the Tis shown to contain six beds; the one on the right (west) contains five, a small amount of space lost to the introduction of a corridor leading to the outside. Outside on the patio on the west side of the wing are an Evaporative Cooler and a Boiler Room, both additions to the original structure.

West Wing As originally planned, the West Wing is the largest in the facility (Crown Point Hospital and, as conceived in provided a variety of services. Standing at the central point and looking west provides a view down the corridor to the other end of the wing (assuming the doors were open). On the original plans it was designated "Outpatients and Ambulance Entrance". It was designed to meet and process emergency patients, delivery cases and routine visit Out Patients.

Along the left (south) corridor were (east to west): - a utility room - a four bed ward - a bathroom complex - a two bed ward - a sub utility room - a nursery - a linen/utility room - a one bed ward - the delivery room - a scrub - up room and a bathroom - the waiting room Across the hall (east to west) were: - the Nurses' Station - an Entrance Vestibule - a four bed ward CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page - a bathroom complex - an X-ray room - a dark room/bathroom complex - a Doctor's office - a "Drugs" room (pharmacy?) - a clinic - a dental facility The Nurses Station/Entrance Vestibule was designed to meet and process medical recipients. The main entry (outside), 16 (inside)) was through double metal doors located at the intersection of the West and North wings.

Upon entry, the patient stood in the entryway with the Nurses Station on his left. Proceeding to the station, the receptionist/nurse sorted emergency from routine cases, previous patients, new patients and other visitors and organized requisite paperwork. On completion the patient was invited to wait in the vestibule, possibly using built in benches on the west wall When medical personnel were prepared to receive patients, nurses would instruct patients to follow the orange line on the floor to the East Wing; the yellow line to the South Wing; the green line to the West Wing, or; the blue line to the North Wing. The Nurses' Station was critical to the operation of the hospital.

Surrounded with glass for visibility, it was only a few steps from the architectural central point from which visibility was possible in all four directions. Double swinging doors, however, served to isolate activities in each wing. The doors to the East Wing just beyond the linen closet on the north side of that corridor. To the South Wing, the doors were only one room removed, and the main stairway to the other level was just beyond to the east. The West Wing doors were just beyond the west wall of the Entrance Vestibule and to the north, the Surgical Wing doors opened just north of the edge of the Nurses Station. From their station, the Nurses could control traffic and activities in any direction.

With a variety of functions, it was inevitable that changes in space allocation occurred in the West Wing. The following summarizes changes on the left (south) side of the main corridor between and (east to west): utility room no change four bed ward out Patient Clinic bathroom complex no change two bed ward pharmacy storage CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page ~ sub utility room laboratory storage nursery admissions office linen/utility room no change one bed ward D. 0. N. office (Director ofNurses?) the delivery room M. D. Office (Doctor's Office) scrub - up room and a bathroom laboratory waiting room waiting room One of the four bed wards became an Out Patient Clinic.

This meant that Out Patients who checked in for medical service would either 1) check in at the waiting room at the west end of the wing, or; 2) would check in the Main Entrance and wait in the Entrance Vestibule until called. Those who checked in at the west end would wait to be called, then proceed down the West Wing corridor to the clinic room, and enter there, on the 'outside' of the main doors separating the West Wing from the Nurses' Station. Those who checked in at the Nurses' Station would, when called, go through the main doors into the West Wing corridor and into the clinic for treatment. The pharmacy, laboratory and admissions apparently all needed additional space. A two room ward, a utility room and a nursery were reallocated for their purposes.

Another one bed ward was reallocated to the D. 0. N. office (Director ofNurses?) and the delivery room became a Doctor's Office. Note that the nursery moved into the North Wing (below). On the other side of the corridor (north) from east to west, the following changes were made: Nurses' Station no change Entrance Vestibule no change four bed ward dental clinic bathroom complex laboratory & bathroom X-ray room no change dark room/bathroom complex no change Doctor's office S. U. D (?) "Drugs" laboratory clinic medical records dental facility not indicated CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No.

(Page The most notable change in space allocation was transforming part of a bathroom complex and the "Drugs" room into laboratory facilities, perhaps reflecting the increasing need for chemically and biologically based diagnoses. The other major change in this time period was the reallocation of one of the four bed wards for use as the dental clinic. The old dental facility, directly across (north) of the waiting room was abandoned and on the map, there is no indication of the current use of that space. By additional changes have been made (Floor Plan, 1st Floor From the central point along the left (south) wall, there is the janitorial/bathroom area still in place. But west of that, where the Out Patient Clinic was in is the D. 0. N.

Office and a library; obviously the examination rooms and clinic have been moved. Further west is a bathroom complex still in place and a small room designated Further west, the pharmacy storeroom has been reallocated as additional CSR space and the next room which in was laboratory storage now is film storage. The Administrative Office has been modified to create three examination rooms. The next room to the west is a bathroom which does not change function. But further west, the former D. 0. N. Office and a part of the Doctor's office have been reallocated as examination rooms. The remainder of the Doctor's office has changed to an extension of the Waiting Room.

Across the corridor along the right (north) wall, The Nurses' Station and the Entrance Vestibule remain but the third room, the Dental Clinic in has been reallocated as the Pharmacy. The small laboratory, X-ray and Dark room/bathroom remain. Further west, the SUD room is gone, replaced by a larger laboratory. All of the space beyond the laboratory to the west is now allocated to medical record storage. The two main changes on the north side of the corridor are reallocation of space for the Dental Clinic as a Pharmacy and expansion of the medical records storage area. The plan (First Floor Present Use that was revised in shows details to suggest that the West Wing as illustrated reflects the revisions rather than the original space allocation.

In particular, the new Out Patient Clinic, added ca. is on the plan. Further, space allocation on the right (north) side of the corridor reflects almost exactly the layout on the plan, further suggesting that the map more accurately illustrates the configuration. Standing at the central point and looking west, on the left (south) side of the corridor, the bathroom is still in place but the D. 0. N. room has become the EMT room and the library has been reallocated as the Bacteriology Laboratory. The CSR room remains but the series of examination rooms/bathrooms/waiting CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page ~Cf r;- room has changed.

Space west of the CSR room has been reassigned as (east to west) the dark room, the X-ray room, a corridor into the new Out Patient Addition, an X-ray reading room and men/women's bathrooms adjacent to the waiting room. Across the corridor on the right (north) side, the configuration remains essentially the same with one exception. Between the Pharmacy and the X-ray room is a small room labelled "Consultant Room", possibly a waiting room for either of the adjacent rooms. The biggest change between and is the addition of the new Out Patient clinic in ca. The reallocation of floor space (described above) changed the flow of traffic in this section of the hospital. Patients entering through the doors on the west end of the West Wing proceeded directly to the Out Patient Waiting Room.

Directly ahead is the main corridor of the West Wing with the double doors sealing the wing. To the right is a "Screening" room to organize and control patient flow through the Out Patient facility. To the left (east of the screening Room was a Conference Room. Patients would be called from the Waiting Room into a series of Examination rooms along the south wall of the addition. They would leave either back through the waiting room or through a vestibule/door on the south side of the new addition. An addition to the Out Patient clinic was new Emergency Room with an external door.

A ramp on the south side of the addition leads up to a door that leads directly into the Emergency Room from outside and which allows traffic flow into the ER without disruption of traffic or patients in the Waiting Room area. The net effect of the new Waiting Room/Out patient Addition/Emergency Room reallocation must have been to isolate Out Patients to the new addition, maintaining uninterrupted flow of traffic in the remainder of the facility. Finally, at the end of the corridor in the new Out Patient Addition is a small office. On the west end of the new building it served as the Supervisor's Office.

The plan drawn at the closure of the facility shows only a few changes in the West Wing between and (Main Floor Plan Standing at the central point and looking west, the left (south) side of the corridor space allocation remains the same. The right (north) side of the corridor is the same as before with the exception that a small room between the Pharmacy and the X-ray rooms is labelled "Consultant Room" in is called "Waiting" in In the Out Patient Addition, the room just off the waiting room to the south used as a conference room in is labelled ''Nurses Station" in reflecting a slight CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page change in function.

Also, at the west end of the corridor in the Out Patient Addition, the Supervisors Office has been reallocated as storage space. North Wing On the original plans, the North Wing of the Building was labelled the "Surgical Wing" with a capacity of eleven beds (Crown Point Hospital The wing is rectangular in shape with a narrower rectangular extension on the north end, termed the indented footprint on page 18 Standing at the central area looking north toward the wing, the Nurses Station is on the left (west) Opening the double doors and entering the wing, on the left (west) are (in order) a four bed ward, a bathroom complex, a three bed ward and a Sterilizing Room.

On the right (east) side of the corridor are a bathroom, a utility room, a three bed ward, a bathroom complex, a one bed ward, a Scrub Up Room and a Work Room. At the end of the North Wing, in the narrow indented area, is the Operating Room. At the north end of the Operating room is a large window enclosed within a clear glass closet. Doors in the glass control the flow of heat from a floor mounted radiator yet still allow the light to fill the threatre 17, Looking south from the northern window revels three doors. The left door enters into the Work Room, the right into the Sterilizing Room and the center door opens into the corridor.

The map shows a number of changes in the North Wing, generally toward reallocation of the wing as a Delivery Room as opposed to an Operating Room (Floor Plan, 1st Floor, Standing at the central point looking north, on the left (west) is an 0. B. room, a bathroom complex, a second 0. B. room, and a room labelled "Sterilization". On the right (east) side of the corridor are a bathroom, a utility room, a Nursery, a bathroom complex, a labor room, a scrub up room and a store room. At the end of the hall, in the narrow room, is the Delivery Room. It is clear that space allocation by was devoted to obstetrics and deliveries. There are only two space reallocations indicated on the plan (Floor Plan, 1st Floor, The first 0. B.

room on the left (west) side of the corridor and the Nursery on the right are switched. Second, the last room (north) on the left (west) side of the corridor has changed from a sterilization room to a second Labor Room. The map revised in shows changes at the latter time (First Floor Present Use The nursery on the left (west) side of the corridor is subdivided into three smaller nursery facilities. The bathroom that separated it from the OB CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page ward is still present but there is a corridor perpendicular from the west wall into the central north-south hallway. This corridor leads to an emergency escape to the outside. To the north of the corridor is the "Post Partum Patient" room.

The Delivery Room remains situated at the north end of the wing. The final map shows few changes from the version (Main Floor Plan On the left (west) side of the corridor, the Post Partum Patient and the Labor rooms are labelled "M. On the right (east) side the Labor Room is called "M. These reflect changes only in nomenclature, not in function. Over time the biggest change in space allocation in the North Wing was the change from an operating theatre to a delivery room, and the concomitant changes in the supporting rooms. Perhaps the need for delivery and associated medical services increased over time to the point where an entire wing was devoted to this function. This is reflected on looking at the plan which labels this the Surgical Wing and the map on which it is titled the OB Wing.

In a similar context, the plans label the East Wing the "Medical Wing" and the closure diagram calls it the "Peds Wing", perhaps together reaffirming the importance of health care for younger individuals. As a note the South Wing in is the "T. B. Wing" and in is the "Inpatient Wing", possibly reflecting the gradual success of combating TB. Finally in it is the "Out Patient and Ambulance Entrance" and in it is the "Mixed-Occupancy Wing". CROWNPOINT HOSP ITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page PART II. ARCHITECTURAL INFORMATION A General Information: 1. Architectural Character: was built in Done in a Pueblo Revival style, the hospital is a one story structure with a partial basement and crawlspace. It has a stone parapet around the entire roof that is interrupted only by canales.

There are two cinder block additions, an Out Patient Addition and a Boiler Room Addition. The building is done is sandstone and mortar. On the inside, the added drop ceilings cover the once exposed wooden beams. Originally the ceiling was tongue and groove 6" boards that were varnished and highlighted by exposed wood beams. It was closed in 12 and in portions of the property were damaged by fire. The floor plan is modified cross shape.

For analytic purposes, the portions of the building are referred to as designated in when the last space allocation plan was drawn: East Wing PEDS WING (office, physical therapy, janitorial, bedroom, closets, etc.) Also known as ORANGE WING South Wing IN-PATIENT WING (utility, boiler, bath, bedrooms, showers, toilets, stone patios, etc.) Also known as YELLOW WING West Wing MIXED-OCCUPANCY WING (waiting area, EMT, bacteriology, radiology, office space, medical records, pharmacy, labs, etc.) Also known as

Green Wing

North Wing OB WING (top of the cross, delivery room, nursery, supply, etc.)(Main Floor Plan also known as BLUE WING Central nurses' station, waiting area, chimney, elevator, storage, emergency room, etc. As is apparent, each of the wings served particular medical functions. Remnant original colored tiling remains in many rooms; colors once served to direct patients to various wards. The nurses station in the center has glass hopper windows on all 12 The Deep Look Survey says CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page four sides affording views in all directions, and built in wooden desks, shelves and drawers. Both additions are done in cinder block.

These include the examining rooms & emergency entrance on south side of the West Wing and a Boiler Room on the west side of South Wing 2. Condition of Fabric: Some of the original colored floor tile is still in place and some of the paint used to direct patients to particular facilities remains. In April of portions of the facility were severely damaged by fire. This and the deteriorating condition of the property lead NAIHS to the decision to demolish the property and on January 8, NAIHS notified of this course of action (Hubbard to Hale While many interior detail elements of original Pueblo Revival are removed or obscured by dropped ceilings, many exterior elements remain. B. Description of Exterior: 1.

Overall Dimensions: Overall the hospital measures north-south x east-west (Maps 1 & 2, pages 15 & The dimensions of the individual wings, excluding the central section, are approximately as follows: East Wing north-south x east-west expanding to the east end measuring north-south x east-west South Wing north-south x east-west expanding to the south measuring north-south x east-west. Note also the south a patio measuring north-south x east-west and an addition on the west measuring north-south x 21 east-west. West Wing north-south x east-west. Note an addition to the south side of the west wing measuring 31 north-south x east-west.

North Wing rectangular, north-south x east-west with an indented footprint on the northern end measuring x This area originally was CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page the surgical theater and later the delivery room complex. Central area approximately north-south x east-west 2. Foundations: The foundation is a combination of concrete and stone. It contains an occasional small vent opening approximately 12" square opening into the crawl space or basement. There is an occasional crawlspace opening (east side) with a concrete lintel The lower level floor is "2 x 12 floor joist over beams and spread footings" and the main floor level is a "concrete slab on steel mesh over steel bar joist" (Deep Look Survey 3.

Walls: The walls are constructed from random coursed sandstone and tooled mortar. The exterior walls are load bearing stone with "wood columns and bearing corridor walls" (Deep Look Survey The medical addition has "load bearing concrete block exterior walls with wood trusses at roof' (Deep Look Survey 4. Structural Systems, Framing: the framing is wood. 5. Porches, Stoops, Balconies, Bulkheads: has various porches with concrete steps. Some have stone walls and there are recent concrete ramps on most of the entry ways to the building. Cantilevered hoods are situated over the front and west entries. The main entry has a x porch with sandstone walls and five steps. 6. Chimneys: The chimney is on the inside of the building in the central area.

It is done in random coursed red, gray and brown sandstone in:filled with mortar 7). 7. Openings: a. Doorways and Doors: The doors are large paired institutional metal varieties with small lights. Altogether there are nine entry ways with institutional single or double doors with shatterproof glass; most are replacements. The main door is double with four large horizontal lights and a transom At the end of the south wing are two sets of doors and windows that open onto a patio CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page%51 b. Windows & Shutters: Most of the many windows are steel hopper or casement varieties with sandstone sills and concrete lintels. The plate glass is thick. 8. Roof: a.

Shape, Covering: There is a continuous stone parapet around the entire flat roof broken only by cinder block addition on the West Wing. It is made of 1" x 6" decking over 4" x 12" wood rafters (Deep Look survey The original flat roofis intact. It is a single membrane roof with parapet and the original 6" x 12" exposed wooden beams in place. Around the roof are occasional 30" canales breaking the roof parapet; they are of redwood construction originally with copper linings, now replaced by aluminum It has been re-roofed. b. Cornice, Eaves: N/A c. Dormers, Cupolas, Towers: NIA 9. Additions and Alterations: Other than the mechanical, emergency escape and ceiling alterations, two major structural additions have been made.

First, on the south side of the West Wing is an addition done in cinder block that measures east- west x 4" north-south 6). A central corridor runs east- west and bisects the space. On the north side of the corridor (abutting the original hospital wing) are from east to west, an emergency room, toilet, a corridor linking the addition to the main West Wing, medical room, a toilet, a nurses station, a reception room and a final examining room with a bath. Opposite these on the south side of the corridor (from east to west) are a storage room, a vestibule, and six examining rooms. Outside the storage room, the vestibule and part of the first examining room is a loading dock with an attached ramp slanting down to the west.

Second, there is a small addition on the west side of the south wing in a patio area containing mechanical equipment These are the only two major structural additions on the exterior. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page C. Description oflnterior: 1. Floor Plans: The Ob/Gyn (originally surgical) area has tile floors and tile wainscotting A large window on the north floods the (now) delivery room with light and illuminates the doorways to two antechambers, the one to the west a work room and the one to the east is a supply room Just inside the window rising from the floor is a radiator that is enclosed in a glass cabinet. Doors in the glass provide control of the radiator's release of heat.

The original floor plan of the surgical theater and adjoining nursery is still intact and still in the original location. Down the hall from the delivery room to the south is the nurses station It features built in seating (a bench) just inside the main entry The nurses station opens to the waiting room and hall near the built in windows. 2. Stairways: There is one internal stairway from the basement to the upper (main) floor. It is south of the intersection at the center of the building past the elevator and a storage room and storage closet. In the south wing, it exits to the east and goes downward two flights to the basement. 3. Flooring: the main floor is tongue and groove, but the basement is concrete. Special floors are present is some areas such as the delivery room.

There the floor is a closely packed vinyl tile over a wood deck, apparently designed for ease of cleaning and for sanitation. 4. Wall and Ceiling Finish: The interior walls are lath and plaster over wood studs Deep Look Survey In the upper level, drop ceilings have been added covering exposed wooden beams and tongue and groove original wood ceilings. In several places the original ceiling is still visible. It was tongue and groove in construction and originally was varnished with exposed beams. It is especially prevalent in closets and small spaces not conducive to reworking with a drop ceiling. Many exposures have been painted but a few remain in their original varnished finish.

In the lower level, there is a lath and plaster ceiling now covered with a drop ceiling in most areas (Deep Look Survey 5. Openings: a. Doorways and Doors: There are many internal doors with stone sills and concrete lintels. Most are institutional and generic in character. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page~53 b. Windows: The window treatment in the delivery room is unusual and striking The large northern exposure window is encased in a glass closet approximately one foot deep. Doors form panels in the closet for control of heat and air flow. 6.

Decorative Features and Trim: The Nurses' Station has glass hopper windows and a 'Service window' opening onto the waiting area Located at the intersection of the two main corridors, the Nurses could control traffic through the institution. 7. Hardware: Most of the original lighting and plumbing has been replaced. Radiators in many of the rooms indicate that a central steam system, originating at the boiler. In the basement, many of these are overhead tied onto a hung piping design. 8. Mechanical Equipment: The boiler and elevator original. a. Heating, Air Conditioning, Ventilation: There was no central cooling system; "one rooftop air conditioning unit provided to serve Dietary spaces in basement" (Deep Look Survey At some point, an evaporative cooler was added.

There is an interior rectangular chimney of random coursed red, gray and brown sandstone with mortar. Steam radiators are situated around the facility to provide heat. "Steam provided by 15 psi steam boilers located at boiler room. Boilers are gallon LPG tank located on site" (Deep Look Survey There was no central ventilation system. Roof mounted exhaust fans provided general exhaust capabilities for bathrooms, janitors closets and other areas (Deep Look Survey b. Lighting/Electrical: Most of the original lighting was replaced when the drop ceilings were installed. The building was serviced by an Amp, three phase, 4 wire, Delta Secondary" system (Deep Look Survey The fire alarm consisted of"Pull stations with audible bell alarm in corridor. Manually activated" (Deep Look Survey c.

Plumbing: Much of the original plumbing is still in place in the basement including steam heat boilers and piping. Steam radiators are still present throughout the portion of the building that was accessible during the October inspection. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page From Deep Look Survey "Domestic water piping is generally galvanized, with some copper. Domestic hot water provided by domestic water heater, located at boiler room. Sanitary sewer piping is cast iron. Mixture of plumbing :fixtures of different ages. Sprinklered building (covers most areas)." D. Site: 1.

General Setting and Orientation: The historic Crownpoint Hospital complex is situated at approximately feet AMSL just southwest of a slight ridge AMSL) to the northeast near permanent BM It is on a gently rolling valley floor. The hospital itself is on the south aspect of the valley. 2. Historic Landscape Design: The hospital complex is situated south of an east-west striking road southwest of the Crownpoint Boarding School complex. Two roughly parallel streets turn off this road extending to the south forming the grid in which the complex is situated. The hospital is located along the easternmost of the two roads. A paved driveway leads to the service entrance of the hospital along this road. There is a series of residences lining both sides of the western road.

Staff parking is paved with asphalt southeast of the structure; patient parking was to the north, also asphalt; concrete sidewalks are situated for ease of circulation (Deep Look Survey 3. Outbuildings, Surrounding Buildings: and formerly residences for hospital staff are located along the east-west road approximately 50 and 75 meters northwest of the hospital. Slightly further west along the east-west road is another residential compound containing another residence dating to the same historic period. To the north of the complex is a school and further north is a landing strip. To the east is a series of roads, the main highway stretching north south and the arterials leading to the hospital reaching east-west. To the south and west is undeveloped landscape.

Originally part of the complex, the nurses quarters, doctors quarters and a large commissary are still standing as is a garage. The chicken coop mentioned in the original plot plan is in ruins and the small commissary is gone. There is no evidence of the former tennis courts today. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page~ PART III. SOURCES OF INFORMATION A Architectural Drawings: Basement Floor Plan & Notes Basement Floor Plan & Notes. Crownpoint IHS Hospital Modifications, Project No: D6- Dean & Hunt Associates, Albuquerque, NM. May 30. On file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. Basement Floor Plan Basement Floor Plan. DHEW Public Health Service, NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. Crownpoint Service Unit, Crownpoint, New Mexico. Old Hospital, Building No. 37.

December 20, On file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. Basement Plan Basement Plan, Installation ofAutomatic Fire Sprinkler System. USPHS Indian Hospital, Crown Point, NM. April 8. On file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. Crown Point Hospital Plot Plan, Crownpoint Hospital, Sheet 01. Department of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs, Washington D. C. Mayers, Murray & Phillips, 2 West 4th Street, NY, NY. September 12. Original on file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. Basement Plan, Crownpoint Hospital, Sheet 1. Department of the Interior, Office oflndian Affairs, Washington D. C. Mayers, Murray & Phillips, 2 West 4th Street, NY, NY. September 12. Original on file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. First Floor Plan, Crownpoint Hospital, Sheet 2. Department of the Interior, Office oflndian Affairs, Washington D. C.

Mayers, Murray & Phillips, 2 West 4th Street, NY, NY. September 12. Original on file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. Elevations and Sections, Crownpoint Hospital, Sheet 3. Department of the Interior, Office oflndian Affairs, Washington D. C. Mayers, Murray & Phillips, 2 West 4th Street, NY, NY. September 12. Original on file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. Door and Window Schedules & Details, Crownpoint Hospital, Sheet 4. Department of the Interior, Office oflndian Affairs, Washington D. C. Mayers, Murray & Phillips, 2 West 4th Street, NY, NY. September 12. Original on file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page W)5 1934-4a [No Title], Door and Mill Work Details, Crownpoint Hospital, Sheet 4a.

Department of the Interior, Office oflndian Affairs, Washington D. C. Mayers, Murray & Phillips, 2 West 4th Street, NY, NY. September 12. Original on file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. Room Fin. Schedules - Windows and Misc. Details, Crownpoint Hospital, Sheet 5. Department of the Interior, Office oflndian Affairs, Washington D. C. Mayers, Murray & Phillips, 2 West 4th Street, NY, NY. September 12. Original on file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. Interior Details, Operating Room Suite (Rooms inc.), Crownpoint Hospital, Sheet 6. Department of the Interior, Office oflndian Affairs, Washington D. C. Mayers, Murray & Phillips, 2 West 4th Street, NY, NY. September 12. Original on file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ.

Details - Out Patients Department, Entrance, Vest - Nurses Station, Crownpoint Hospital, Sheet 7. Department of the Interior, Office oflndian Affairs, Washington D. C. Mayers, Murray & Phillips, 2 West 4th Street, NY, NY. September 12. Original on file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. Utility, SubUtilities, Pantries, Nursery, Dark Room, Dumb Waiter Shafi, Crownpoint Hospital, Sheet 8. Department of the Interior, Office oflndian Affairs, Washington D. C. Mayers, Murray & Phillips, 2 West 4th Street, NY, NY. September 12. Original on file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. Kitchen, Crownpoint Hospital, Sheet 9. Department of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs, Washington D. C. Mayers, Murray & Phillips, 2 West 4th Street, NY, NY. September 12. Original on file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ.

Bath Room & Toilet Details, Crownpoint Hospital, Sheet 10. Department of the Interior, Office oflndian Affairs, Washington D. C. Mayers, Murray & Phillips, 2 West 4th Street, NY, NY. September 12. Original on file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. Details of Shelving, in Rooms BOl 4, BOl 5, 12, 29, 39 & 79, Crownpoint Hospital, Sheet 11. Department of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs, Washington D. C. Mayers, Murray & Phillips, 2 West 4th Street, NY, NY. September 12. Original on file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page Foundation Structural Plan, Crownpoint Hospital, Sheet 12. Department of the Interior, Office oflndian Affairs, Washington D. C. Mayers, Murray & Phillips, 2 West 4th Street, NY, NY. September 12.

Original on file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. First Floor Framing Plan, Crownpoint Hospital, Sheet 13. Department of the Interior, Office oflndian Affairs, Washington D. C. Mayers, Murray & Phillips, 2 West 4th Street, NY, NY. September 12. Original on file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. Roof Framing Plan, Crownpoint Hospital, Sheet 14. Department of the Interior, Office oflndian Affairs, Washington D. C. Mayers, Murray & Phillips, 2 West 4th Street, NY, NY. September 12. Original on file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. Basement Plumbing Plan, Crownpoint Hospital, Sheet 15. Department of the Interior, Office oflndian Affairs, Washington D. C. Mayers, Murray & Phillips, 2 West 4th Street, NY, NY. September 12. Original on file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ.

First Floor Plumbing Plan, Crownpoint Hospital, Sheet 16. Department of the Interior, Office oflndian Affairs, Washington D. C. Mayers, Murray & Phillips, 2 West 4th Street, NY, NY. September 12. Original on file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. First and Basement Floor Plan - Electrical, Crownpoint Hospital, Sheet 20. Department of the Interior, Office oflndian Affairs, Washington D. C. Mayers, Murray & Phillips, 2 West 4th Street, NY, NY. September 12. Original on file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. Basement Mechanical Plan/ Heating and Ventilating, Crownpoint Hospital, Sheet 21. Department of the Interior, Office oflndian Affairs, Washington D. C. Mayers, Murray & Phillips, 2 West 4th Street, NY, NY. September 12. Original on file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ.

Boiler Room Plan - Heating and Ventilating, Crownpoint Hospital, Sheet 22. Department of the Interior, Office oflndian Affairs, Washington D. C. Mayers, Murray & Phillips, 2 West 4th Street, NY, NY. September 12. Original on file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page in)5'6 First Floor Mechanical - Heating and Ventilating, Crownpoint Hospital, Sheet ??. Department of the Interior, Office oflndian Affairs, Washington D. C. Mayers, Murray & Phillips, 2 West 4th Street, NY, NY. September 12. Original on file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. Door Details 197 5 Renovation and Correction of Life Safety Deficiencies: Ground Floor Plan and Door Details, Sheet RA-I of 8 Sheets. DPHEW, USPHS, Window Rock, Az. June 30. On file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ.

Emergency Exit Installation of Emergency Exit Door, Landing and Stairs from North Wing. USPHS, Division oflndian Health, Albuquerque, NM. July 20. On file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. First Floor Plan First Floor Plan, Installation ofAutomatic Fire Sprinkler System. USPHS Indian Hospital, Crown Point, NM. April 8. On file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. First Floor Plan - Electrical First Floor Plan. Flatow, Moore, Bryan and Associates. June 6. On file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. First Floor Present Use Present Functional Use of Existing Hospital No 37, Sheet I of 2. USPHS Indian Hospital, Crownpoint, NM. October 31. On file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ.

Floor Plan 1st Floor Floor Plan First Floor, drawn by Weller Architects presented in Kammer & Tiller On File at Navajo Area Indian Health Service, Window Rock, AZ. Floor Plan, 1st Floor Floor Plan, 151 Floor. Crownpoint Hospital, Crownpoint NM. DHEW - Division of Indian Health, Albuquerque, NM. July 1. On File at NAIHS Window, Rock, AZ. Floor Plan, 1st Floor Floor Plan, 151 Floor. Crownpoint Hospital, Crownpoint NM. DHEW - Division of Indian Health, Albuquerque, NM. April 13. On File at NAIHS Window, Rock, AZ. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. - - ~Page 96)ut:f Floor Plan, Basement Floor Plan Basement, drawn by Weller Architects presented in Kammer & Tiller On File at Navajo Area Indian Health Service, Window Rock, AZ. Floor Plan, Basement Floor Plan, Basement.

Crownpoint Hospital, Crownpoint NM. DHEW - Division of Indian Health, Albuquerque, NM. July 1. On File at NAIHS Window, Rock, AZ. Floor Plan Basement Floor Plan Basement. Crownpoint Hospital, Crownpoint NM. DHEW - Division of Indian Health, Albuquerque, NM. April 12. On File at NAIHS Window, Rock, AZ. Foundation and Basement Plan Foundation and Basement Plan. Flatow, Moore, Bryan & associates. June 3. On File at NAIHS Window, Rock, AZ. LPG Incinerator l 963 Installation of LPG Fired Incinerator. USPHS, Division oflndian Health, Albuquerque, NM. April 1. On File at NAIHS Window, Rock, AZ. Main Floor Plan Main Floor Plan. DHEW Public Health Service, NAIHS Window Rock, Az.. Crownpoint Service Unit, Crownpoint, New Mexico. Old Hospital, Building No. 37.

December 20, On file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page B.

Source document Quoted word for word from HABS NM-195. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

Brenner, Malcohn Fire Burns old Crownpoint !HS Hospital. Gallup Independent, April 14, Number 88, volume Page 1. On file at Gallup Public Library, Gallup, NM. Collier, John Indian Reservation Buildings in the Southwest. American Architect and Architecture. Vol. CL (June) Pp. Hamilton, M. Colleen United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Navajo Nation Council Chamber. Unpublished Manuscript on file at Facility Management Program, Window Rock, AZ. Hamilton, M. Colleen and Joseph M. Nixon NAIHS Historic Buildings Inventory & Historic Properties Management Plan. Prepared for Navajo Area Indian Health Service Facility Management Office, Window Rock, Arizona.

Prepared by White Oak Environmental Alliance, Inc., San Jacinto, California. On file at NAIHS, Window Rock, AZ. Higgins, Elaine W. (Compiler) The Bear Springs Story A History of Fort Wingate, McKinley County, New Mexico. Fort Wingate Centennial Commission Historical Committee. On file at Facility Management Program, Window Rock, AZ James, HaroldL. "The History of Fort Wingate". In Guidebook of Defiance-Zuni-Mt. Taylor Region: Arizona and New Mexico. Frederick D. Trauger, Editor. New Mexico Geological Society, Eighteenth Field conference, October 19, 20, and 21, Pp. Kammer, David J and Veronica E. Tiller Historic Indian Health Service Buildings on the Navajo Reservation. Prepared for Indian Health Service, Window Rock, Arizona. Prepared by Tiller Research and Weller Architects, Inc.

On file at Facility Management Program, Window Rock, AZ Philp, Kenneth R. John Collier's Crusade for Indian Reform, Tucson: University of Arizona Press. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page ~l~ Simmons, Marc "Horse Race at Fort Fauntleroy: An Incident of the Navajo Wars". In La Gaceta, Vol V, No. 1. Threinen, Ellen 1981a The Navajos and the BIA: A Study of Government Buildings on the Navajo Reservation. BIA, Navajo Area Office. On file at Facility Management Program, Window Rock, AZ. Tiller, Veronica E. Fort Wingate: A Review of Historical and Architectural Documentation at the National Archives in Washington, D. C. Tiller Research, Inc., Albuquerque, NM. Unpublished Manuscript on file at Facility Management Program, Window Rock, AZ.

CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page~0~ C. Correspondences: Begay to Muneta Memorandum, Ron C. Begay to Anita Muneta Re ":Old IHS Hospital Fire - 123 Apr April 14. On file at Facility Management Program, Window Rock, AZ. Billie to Henderson Memorandum from Tamara Billie to Roger Henderson Re setting up meeting to discuss May 28. On file at Facility Management Program, Window Rock, AZ. Birgam to Russell Correspondence from Robert G. Birgam to Jack Russell Re Notification of Addition to Hospital, April 4. On file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. Downer to Nease Correspondence from Alan Downer to Alan Nease Re comments on Review of MOA for demolition at August 20. On file at NAIHS, Window Rock, AZ.

Downer to Taylor Correspondence from Alan Downer to Michael Taylor Re Transfer ofCrownpoint Hospital Building from the Navajo Area Indian Health Service to the Navajo Nation. November 1. On file at Facility Management Program, Window Rock, AZ. Dryer to Henderson Memorandum from James Dryer to Roger Henderson Re set up meeting to discuss demolition. May 22. On file at Facility Management Program, Window Rock, AZ. Harrison to Kochan Correspondence from Gilbert Harrison to Nancy Kochan Re public hearing and Notification of Council oflntent to Demolish. March 16. On file at NAIHS, Window Rock, AZ. Hubbard to Hale Correspondence from John Hubbard to Albert Hale notifying the Navajo Nation of NAIHS intent to demolish January 8. On file at NAIHS, Window Rock, AZ.

Nissley to Downer Correspondence from Claudia Nissley to Alan Downer Re transfer ofCR-37. January 31. On file at NAIHS, Window Rock, AZ. CROWNPOINT HO SPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page Stopp to Todacheenie Correspondence from Bob Stopp to Felix Todacheenie Re Fire damage in 7 and intent to pursue Demolition. January 16. On file at NAIHS, Window Rock, AZ. Tsingine to Henderson Correspondence from Glenn Tsingine to Roger Henderson Re NAIHS Building Old Crownpoint Indian Hospital Request for Determination of Effect. May 13. On file at NAIHS, Window Rock, AZ. Tsingine to Waseta Correspondence from Glenn Tsingine to Dwayne Waseta Re transmittal of Draft MOA for review. September 28. On file at NAIHS, Window Rock, AZ.

Tsingine to Waseta Correspondence from Glenn Tsingine to Dwayne Waseta Re Public Hearing and MOA, February 7. On file at NAIHS, Window Rock, AZ. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page D. Maps: Plot Plan U. S. P. H S. Indian Hospital, Crownpoint, New Mexico. Proposed Housing & Hospital Sites. June 8, N. b.: "Crownpoint Building RB appears above the legend on the map. Unknown if modifications were made at that time. On file at NAIHS, Window Rock, AZ. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page ') E. Photographs: Photograph 1 Crown Pt. Hospital, Sept. On file in photo archives, Navajo Nation Museum, Window Rock, Az. Courtesy Navajo Nation Museum. Item No. NE-10-51. Photograph 2 Crownpoint Hospital, Jan.

31, On file in photo archives, Navajo Nation Museum, Window Rock, Az. Courtesy Navajo Nation Museum. Item No. NE-I Photographs 3 a & b n. d. Crown Point Hospital Kitchen. No date. On file in photo archives of Navajo Nation Museum, Window Rock, Az. Courtesy Navajo Nation Museum. Item No. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page~G, F. Supplemental Materials Building Record, Form HEW-84, n. d. n. d. Building Record, Crownpoint Hospital On file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. Construction Contract Reroofing Buildings at PHS Indian Hospital, Crownpoint, New Mexico. November 9. On file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. Deep Look Survey Deep Look Survey for the Indian Health Service Hospital (Building 37) Crownpoint, New Mexico.

Prepared for Navajo Area Indian Health Service, Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services by Engineering Services, Dallas, office of Environmental Health and Engineering. December 22, On file at NAIHS, Window Rock, AZ. Evaluation Survey Data Survey of September On file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. HEW- 84 n. d. Building Record. No date. On file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. Individual Building Report Department of the Interior, Office oflndian Affairs, Individual Building Report. On file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. Invitation, Bid and Award Removal of Double Window and Installation of Door and Related Work at PHS Indian Hospital, Crownpoint, New Mexico. October 9, On file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. Memorandum Hand Written Memorandum, from Robert G. Birgam to C. L. Zeuges.

April 11, On file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. Memorandum of Agreement Memorandum of Agreement, Pursuant to 36 CFR Part 800.6(a). Agreed June by assistant Area Director, Environmental Health and Engineering and Navajo Nation Historic Preservation Officer. On file at NAIHS, Window Rock, AZ. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page 7 Nay, PaulE. No Title. Report of inspection of following the fire. April 14, On file at NAIHS, Window Rock, AZ. Purchase Order Purchase Order, Remove Linoleum and Replace. June 29. On file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. Purchase/Service/Stock Requisition Patching and Painting Hallway in Basement. October 25. On file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. Real Property Voucher Out Patient Addition to PHS Indian Hospital, Crownpoint, New Mexico. April 14.

On file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. Installation of Emergency Generator Set. September 14. On file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. Installation of Gas fired Incinerator. October 15. On file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. Recap of Costs n. d. Recap of Costs in Reference to Crownpoint Hospital On file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. Standard Form Purchase order, Meals for Construction Crew. July 31. On file at NAIHS Window Rock, AZ. State Fire Marshal Fire Investigation Report Involving NMSFMO CASE Office Building. Prepared by State Fire Marshal, State of New Mexico. Prepared for Public Health Service, Crownpoint, New Mexico. With cover letter dated April 14, On file at NAIHS, Window Rock, AZ.

Treaty Treaty between the United States of America and the Navajo Tribe oflndians; Concluded June 1, Ratification advised July 25, Proclaimed August 12, (15 Stat. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page RY ~ Tsingine, Glenn Conversation with "Herbert" of the Maintenance Department ofNew Crownpoint Hospital. Personal Communication & e.mail. On file at NAIHS, Window Rock, AZ. CROWNPOINT HOSPITAL (Old Crownpoint Hospital) HABS No. (Page PART IV. PROJECT INFORMATION A. Preparers 1. Field team (addresses, names) - Engineering team White Oak Environmental Alliance, Inc. Joseph M. Nixon, RP A, M.

Colleen Hamilton, M.A., RPA PO Box San Jacinto, California 1 909 658 whiteoak@koan.com /and/ Rabinowitz Photography Jerry Rabinowitz B Severn Drive Boca Raton, Florida 1 561 jerry@jrabinowitz.com 2. Historic context and report preparation: White Oak Environmental Alliance, Inc. Joseph M. Nixon, Ph. D., RP A PO Box San Jacinto, California 1 909 658 whiteoak@koan.com 3. Photographers: Rabinowitz Photography Jerry Rabinowitz B Severn Drive Boca Raton, Florida 1 561 jerry@jrabinowitz.com B. Sponsor: DHHS/Indian Health Services Engineering Services - Dallas; Suresh Shah, Project Manager Young St. Room Dallas, Texas 1 214 767 FAX 214 767 sshah@esd.ihs.dhhs.gov