Fairview Cemetery, 700 Yale Boulevard Southeast, Albuquerque

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700 Yale SE, Albuquerque, Bernalillo County, New Mexico Bounded by Garfield Avenue to the north, Columbia Drive to the east, Santa Clara Avenue to the south, and Yale Boulevard to the west. Fairview Cemetery is located in R3E, the NW of NW , Sec. 27 USGS 7.5 min. quadrangle, Albuquerque East, NM (Center of Cemetery, Google Earth, Simple Cylindrical Projection,

Source document Quoted word for word from HALS NM-6. Not written, edited or summarised by this site.

Fairview Cemetery (now Fairview Memorial Park) was the first cemetery established to serve New Town Albuquerque, which was founded April of with the coming of the railroad into the middle Rio Grande valley. Its earliest internment, Mary Josephine Perea, dates to February 27, The cemetery s layout reflects a combination of design elements borrowed from the Rural and Picturesque cemetery movements popular in the East and Midwest. The cemetery is the final resting place of many prominent New Mexicans and Albuquerque civic leaders. The cemetery retains many original character-defining features such as spatial layout, circulation, patterns, and small-scale elements such as grave markers. Historians: William A. Dodge, Sarah R. Payne, July FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 2) PART I.

HISTORICAL INFORMATION A. Physical History 1. Date of establishment: (based on the earliest observed headstone date). 2. Landscape architect, designer, shaper, creator: Unknown 3. Builder, contractor, laborers, suppliers: Unknown 4. Original and subsequent owners: Fairview Cemetery was formally created by a consortium of prominent local businessmen Elias Stover, Franz Huning, and William Hazeldine who formed the Albuquerque Cemetery Association (ACA) in December of The cemetery superintendent was Oren Strong, who by had founded the Strong Mortuary (later the Strong-Thorne Mortuary) and became president of the ACA.

Strong later bought the cemetery from Stover and his company owned the property until the when it was acquired by a Canadian company, the Loewen Group (later renamed the Alderwoods Group). The cemetery was purchased in by Denco Holdings, Inc. who held it until the present owner Daniels Family Funeral Services acquired the property in 1 5. Original plans and construction: No early plan for the cemetery has been found. Available information indicates that the earliest gravesites were located on vacant public land selected for its distance south and east from the newly created townsite of Albuquerque.

A local newspaper article from November 28, decries the fact that there is no formal plan for the cemetery and urges civic leaders to form an association dedicated to developing a legal cemetery so the town would have a decent place to bury our dead. 2 The oldest part of the cemetery is situated in the north half of what is now called Fairview Memorial Park. This is a 22-acre rectangular parcel of land separated from the newer parts of the cemetery by concrete block walls (except for the southwest corner). A perpetual care section (the Memorial Park) was created in (along with a new crematorium immediately to the south of the original cemetery. This area has been subsequently expanded even further to the south and is used today for new internments.

1 Online Bureau of Land Management records indicate that a cash sale for a land patent was made by Edward U. Bliss for the land on which Fairview Cemetery sits (Township 10 North; Range 3 East; the of Section 27) at an unknown date. The patent itself is not digitized; however the date of this transaction and more information might be gleaned from the original patent which may be available at the regional BLM office. BLM Serial Nr: NMNMAA Serial Patent. 2 Editorial in Albuquerque Morning Journal of 28 November FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 3) B.

Historical Context History of New Town & Early Albuquerque Demographics The Villa de Alburquerque (original spelling) was founded by Spanish settlers along the east bank of the Rio Grande in It was one of many small settlements occupying the middle Rio Grande valley during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. In the Atlantic & Pacific Railroad (soon to be renamed the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe or AT&SF) started laying tracks in New Mexico territory.

Starting at the Colorado border, and working south toward Albuquerque before turning west toward California, the railroad reached the outskirts of the town by March of Fearing that floodwaters would be a constant threat to railroad operations if tracks were laid too close to the river, engineers designed a route along the base of the sandhills flanking the river some three miles east of the town. Albuquerque civic leaders welcomed the new mode of transportation, seeing it as an economic boon for the region. To accommodate the new route, they quickly made plans for a New Town to be located adjacent to the tracks. In April the railroad reached New Town Albuquerque just as new businesses were being hastily constructed ahead of the railroad crews.

New Town rapidly became the center of commercial, industrial, and residential development and the original villa was relegated to a stop at the end of the streetcar line. During the next ten years, the town grew at a rapid pace. By its population was and it was reincorporated into a city. Inevitably, as residents passed away, they required a final resting place, a place out of the way from development. This place became Fairview Cemetery, located on an isolated patch of sandhills, two miles southeast of the new commercial district. 3 From its founding, the city has always had a diverse ethnic population with an Hispanic base that was given U.S.

citizenship under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in Soon thereafter, businessmen and merchants of European descent, particularly Germans, Irish, and Italians, began to take up residence in the new American town. Jewish citizens of Albuquerque also played a prominent role in early civic affairs with Henry Jaffa, one of town s primary wholesale businessmen, being elected as the city s first mayor. Native Americans from the nearby Indian pueblos of Isleta, Sandia, Santa Ana, and Laguna often resided in the city as did students from the Albuquerque Indian School which was also founded in A small, but substantial African-American population lived in the city, including many former U.S. cavalrymen known as Buffalo Soldiers.

Although by the late there was no active military post in the city, by the late the U.S. Army Air Corps established Kirtland Field on the southeast mesa and a large military presence established itself during World War II. The railroad played a major role in early-twentieth-century economic development with the construction of maintenance shops on the city s south side. Finally, the formation of national fraternal organizations developed quickly in New Town Albuquerque with the first Masonic lodge established in followed by the Elks, the Odd Fellows, and Woodmen of the World. As would be expected with a large Hispanic population, the Catholic Church had a strong presence in the city but so too did Presbyterians, Episcopalians, and the Jewish religion, including a chapter of B nai B rith.

All of 3 The most detailed history of early Albuquerque is found in Marc Simmons, Albuquerque: A Narrative History (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico press, See also Bernice Ann Reboard, A Social History of Albuquerque, (Master s Thesis, University of New Mexico, FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 4) these different ethnicities, groups, and organizations had an effect on the development of Fairview Cemetery. Fairview Cemetery Lagging considerably behind national trends in cemetery design, Fairview Cemetery followed the examples of the Rural Cemetery and Picturesque design movements that had become popular in the mid-nineteenth century. 4 Fairview, when first established in the late was located two miles from the growing urban center of New Town Albuquerque.

This location, though not particularly far from New Town was significantly situated on the edge of a line of sand hills that stretched north and south between the Rio Grande and the Sandia Mountains. Here, the cemetery remained relatively isolated as major development did not encroach upon the cemetery until the (Figure 1). Its isolation followed the example of such hallmarks of the Rural Cemetery movement as Mount Auburn, and this was no accident. In fact, an editorial in the Albuquerque Morning Journal lamented the lack of a decent cemetery and pointed to Mount Auburn as the example that the budding New Town Albuquerque should emulate: The present excuse for a cemetery never was intended to be a permanent institution.

Situated along the side of a sand hill it will be only a question of time when it will be obliterated. . . Mt. Auburn at Philadelphia [sic. Cambridge, MA], Greenwood cemetery at Brooklyn, and indeed the cemetery grounds belonging to all the leading cities of the country are among the most beautiful and interesting places of resort beautiful homes shaded with trees and decorated with flowers for the body when the breath of life has passed from it. Why should we not follow their examples and before it is too late provide for out final earthly resting places? 5 The author went on to suggest that a cemetery association be established to select the ground, lay it off into lots, [and] sell them in order to create a proper cemetery worthy of the growth and promise of Albuquerque.

Well-conceived cemeteries were understood as substantial civic improvements, and along with city parks were signs of urban prosperity and progress. 6 Fairview Cemetery, if properly designed and managed would provide a symbol of Albuquerque s transformation from a dusty western railroad town into a prosperous and livable city. In December of the call of the editorial s author was answered when the Albuquerque Cemetery Association (ACA) was founded, with New Town s business elite serving on the board.

7 4 For the history of rural cemeteries, picturesque, and lawn-park movements and design aesthetics, see David Charles Sloane, The Last Great Necessity: Cemeteries in American History (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 5 Letter to the Editor, unknown author, Albuquerque Morning Journal, November 28 6 Keith Eggener, Cemeteries (New York: Norton and Library of Congress, 24. In the mid- Albuquerque had two small city parks, one located near the train depot, and Robinson Park on Railroad Ave. (now Central Ave.) between 8th and Streets; Marc Simmons, Albuquerque, 341 43.

7 On the ACA, see Draft National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, Fairview Park Crematorium, (on file in the Albuquerque City Planning Office); Fairveiw Cemetery vertical file, Albuquerque City Planning Office [hereafter ACPO]. FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 5) Even though by the time the ACA was founded the national trend in cemetery design had shifted to the simpler and more easily managed designs of the Lawn-park cemetery, Fairview reflected a more picturesque design sensibility (see Drawings Sheets 1, 2, and 3). Over the last two decades of the nineteenth century, Fairview developed into a conglomeration of curvilinear sections defined by curbed family plots.

Family plots too followed traditions that had fallen out of favor in the eastern United States, as a handful were fenced with decorative wrought iron, while the majority were bounded by low cement curbs. Beginning in the late the national trend of enclosing familial burial spaces with fences was replaced at such prominent cemeteries as Mount Auburn with the newer practice of enclosing plots with curbs. The curbs were most commonly formed of massive concrete or stone blocks raised twelve to sixteen inches above ground level. Typically, the lot was filled with soil and sod. At Fairview, such curbs around plots are one of the defining features of its landscape.

Although the practice of enclosing family plots with curbs waned in the late nineteenth century as the lawn-park aesthetic took hold, the practice continued at Fairview well into the 8 As was typical of most American cemeteries, Albuquerque s class and ethnic make-up is reflected in the cemetery landscape. In general, a person s class determined in which of the sections he or she would be interred with the middle and upper classes occupying the picturesque sections and curbed family plots, and those of lower economic status in the gridded individual gravesite sections.

The curbed family plots were expensive, at a cost of around 15 cents per square foot, family plots ranged total price from between and A single individual gravesite, on the other hand, cost between and 9 While the more expensive family plots comprise the picturesque and landscaped portions of the cemetery, the individual gravesites occupy the sections on the edges of Fairview. It is noteworthy that social groups that were considered on the fringe, literally occupy the fringes of the cemetery space including sections for Colored, Indian, and Indigent burials. The cemetery includes the gravesites of many notable Albuquerque businessmen, civic leaders, and citizens. These include: Baldridge (businessman) Neil Brooks Field (mayor, 94) Louis W. Galles (businessman) Arthur T.

Hannett (governor, 27) Frank McKee (mayor, 06) Charles F. Myers (mayor Lyman Beecher Putnam (businessman) Bernard S. Rodey (territorial senator, U.S. congressman, founder of University of New Mexico, Edmond G. Ross (U.S. Senator, Kansas, territorial governor, NM, Albert G. Simms (NM state representative, U.S. representative 8 Blanche Linden-Ward, The Fencing Mania : The Rise and Fall of Nineteenth-Century Funerary Enclosures, Markers: The Journal for the Association for Gravestone Studies, Vol. VII, pp. 51 9 Burial Records Fairview Memorial Park : 700 Yale Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico, compiled by Clara Mulford Taylor (Albuquerque, NM: New Mexico Genealogical Society, passim. FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 6) John F. Simms (governor, Ruth Hanna McCormick Simms (U.S.

representative, Henry Springer (businessman) Elias S. Stover (businessman; first president of the University of New Mexico) Henry B. Westerfeld (mayor 10 PART II. PHYSICAL INFORMATION A. Landscape Character and Description Summary Fairview Memorial Park, of which the original Fairview Cemetery is now a part, is rectangular in shape with an original entry gate (presently not in use), located along its west wall facing Yale Boulevard. The original cemetery comprises the north half of the property and encloses approximately 22 acres. Within the cemetery boundaries is a Jewish section (approximately 2 acres in size) established by the B nai B rith in and presently owned by the Congregation Albert. This section is enclosed by a separate wall and entryway in the southwest corner.

The presence of an old wrought iron entry arch set on rock posts (now blocked off) is an indication that this section was always segregated from the main cemetery. The far eastern section of Fairview is owned by Bernalillo County and was used from the mid-1960s through the The remainder of Fairview Memorial Park was created by Strong-Thorne Mortuary in and lies immediately to the south of the cemetery. It encompasses approximately 19 acres and includes the cemetery office (originally built in as a crematorium), maintenance shops, and a caretaker s house. The scope of this cultural landscape report focuses exclusively on the pre- cemetery, but does not include the Jewish section.

Fairview Cemetery is located on loosely aggregated sand hills that are comprised of ancient streambed deposits and more recent colluvial deposition from the adjacent Sandia Mountains. The sand hills are a distinctive geomorphological feature that characterizes the edge of the Rio Grande floodplain to east of downtown Albuquerque. The sand hills are vegetated by low herbaceous shrubs and grasses, and are dissected by numerous east-west trending arroyos that drain foothills of the Sandias. Up until the late the area that now encompasses Fairview Cemetery was largely unpopulated except for some scattered houses and dirt roads.

As Albuquerque s population increased in the late and particularly after World War II, this area was heavily developed for housing subdivisions and commercial development, thus transforming the area from a scrubby high desert landscape into leveled subdivision plats, paved streets, and parks with green lawns with deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs. The 10 Richard Melzer, Famous and Unusual Gravesites in New Mexico History (Santa Fe: Sunstone Press, Fairview Cemetery Burial Records (on file at Fairview and with Susan Greene, Cemetery Historian); Fairview Cemetery vertical file, ACPO; Fairview Cemetery, Yale S.E.

Albuquerque, Strong-Thorne Mortuary, compiled by Dorothy Watts, Inez Freeman, Virginia Olmsted, Janet Curtis, Sybil Nissen (xeroxed copy of unpublished manuscript in Library, Salt Lake City, UT for New Mexico Genealogical Society, Burial Records Fairview Memorial Park : 700 Yale Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico, compiled by Clara Mulford Taylor (Albuquerque, NM: New Mexico Genealogical Society, FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 7) cemetery itself was graded and leveled to smooth out any unconformities in the topography due to drainages or erosion. The cemetery is divided into sections that have a number/letter designation. 11 These sections have been laid out in rectilinear, curvilinear, and irregular shapes.

Within these sections there are both individual gravesites, measuring approximately 7 by 4 feet as well as family plots, many of which are defined by enclosures (concrete curbing or fencing). With only a few exceptions, the family plots are one of two sizes that average either 10 by 20 feet or 20 by 20 feet; each size typically includes multiple internments. The sections are frequently segregated by race, religion, age of the deceased (such as child burials ), military service, or by association with a fraternal organization. There are several types of headstones (tablet, obelisk, slanted, etc.) marking the gravesites and two mausoleums are located within the cemetery grounds.

Some headstones are distinctive of military service and fraternal organizations, such as the tree trunk motif for members of Woodmen of the World. Over the past 130 years, there have been unintended changes to the cemetery s circulation patterns with cut-off roads being created as shortcuts around the sections. These have apparently resulted in damage to individual gravesites. Over the years many gravesites have been neglected or been intentionally damaged through acts of vandalism resulting in headstones being toppled and broken or dragged to another location. In addition, vegetation patterns have been altered as a result of a lack of maintenance. For example, there are indications that trees once dotted the landscape, which is now evidenced by tree stumps.

There is also evidence of an abandoned sprinkler irrigation system in some of the sections. More lush vegetation covers the cemetery s south boundary line (particularly in the cemetery s southwest corner) where watering of the perpetual care part of the Memorial Park extends into parts of the old cemetery. B. Character Defining Features: 1. Natural Features: a. Topography: The cemetery is generally flat as a result of leveling the low undulating sandhills upon which it is built. The soil is loamy sand. The terrain gently slopes to the northwest, with the high point in the southeast corner feet) and the low point in northwest corner feet). b. Vegetation: The cemetery was at one time at least partially landscaped; however, much of the vegetation has died due to neglect.

As a result, some invasive species (for example, tamarisk and Chinese sumac) have taken over through wind transport, bird droppings, and intentional plantings. Based on limited evidence (existing vegetation, tree stumps, etc.), some hint of the cemetery s original vegetation pattern can be discerned. The primary historic 11 Section numbers and names referred to in text correspond to those as indicated on Drawing 2. FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 8) plantings were most likely Siberian elms, some of which remain. 12 Elms were planted along the outside borders of the curvilinear and rectangular areas that contain the curbed family plots. Today, many of the historic elms, particularly around the Elks half-moon section, have been replaced with salt cedars (tamarisk).

For the most part, there is no grass, and it is unknown if the cemetery was ever laid with sod. The exception is in sections 12, 13, and 14, where the southwestern-most plots are covered with grass (the watering system from the newer portions of the cemetery to the south provide the necessary water to keep these plots green). Despite the scattered presence throughout Fairview of a watering system, which is used to water the live trees by hose, the bulk of the cemetery is dirt. The only ground cover currently present is the plant commonly called a goathead (Tribulus terrestris), and other weeds. The lack of ground cover has caused serious erosion issues and has sped the deterioration of the oldest markers (Drawings Sheet 3). c.

Water: The present-day landscape exhibits no natural drainages due to land- leveling activities. The earliest aerial photographs of the area show multiple small drainages (arroyos) trending which are interrupted by cemetery layout. 2. Spatial Organization: a. Layout & Patterning: The cemetery consists of sections that are comprised of both individual and family burial plots. These sections have been laid out in rectilinear and curvilinear patterns with circulation paths in-between sections. Based on headstone dates, the earliest sections were laid out during the late and the first decade of the twentieth century using the curvilinear patterning that corresponds to the Picturesque style of landscape architecture. Internments continued in these sections throughout the century.

This type of pattern dominates the center of cemetery from the entrance gate east to the Jewish section. According to the cemetery s master plan drawing (Drawings Sheet 1), many of these sections were designed to hold family plots, although not all of these designed plots were purchased or used in that manner (compare Drawings Sheet 1 with Sheet 2 made in The gentle curves of the first roads through the cemetery were oriented more or less west to east, with some of the earliest individual gravesites located along a grid at the northwest corner of the cemetery (Figure 2). Between and gravesites were added within the curvilinear sections and large sections of individual graves began to take shape along the length of the cemetery s northern side.

Throughout the and family plots 12 In the the city, under the direction of ex officio mayor Clyde Tingley, gave away thousands of elm saplings to residents as part of a city beautification project. Some of these may have been deliberately planted at the cemetery, while others may have grown as a result in unintentional germination. FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 9) continued to be delineated by the same low curbs as were used in the curvilinear sections, however, during this period a series of rectilinear sections with aisles between were plotted along the western boundary of the cemetery and to the north and south of the westernmost curvilinear sections (Figure 3). Two sections and 18) 13 were set aside by the American Legion for military burials.

Section 10D was created out of the east end of this Picturesque section soon after World War I. A second American Legion section was laid out in a rectilinear form in the north center of the cemetery in A flagpole was placed east end of this section (Figure 4). In the a rectangular County gravesite area was created just east of the Jewish cemetery. It was designated County North and County South on later drawings with the latter indicating use from the to the present (Figure 5). Another rectangular County section was created in the It is located between the second American Legion section and the Elks section. Based on grave decorations, this third County section appears to be used primarily by Hispanic families (see discussion below on headstone types).

Several fraternal organizations have their own sections in the cemetery. The Masons have two sections (6 and 11A), both located near south entry between the old cemetery and the memorial park. The earliest internment in the older section is The Woodmen of the World also have two sections located near the Masons. The earliest gravesite in this section is dated The Independent Order of Odd Fellows has a section adjacent to the Woodmen at the west end of section 10. The dates on these individual gravesites range from the first decade of the through the Finally, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks have a distinctive half-moon section bounded by concrete curbing in the center of the cemetery. This is the only section that has a lawn and is consistently watered.

The burials in the Elks section date from to with the oldest gravesites located along the west portion of the half-moon section. The cemetery has sections set aside for child burials and stillborns 12A, and 18A). Other sections were set aside for Colored burials (the west end of Section 17E) and Indians (immediately east of the African-American section). Burial records indicate that the Indian internments include children who died while attending the Albuquerque Indian School. There was also a small area on the south side of Section 14 for Albuquerque residents of Greek descent. As already noted, a separate Jewish cemetery was established within the confines of Fairview.

Section 10C (west end) was set aside for railroad workers, and although no headstones are visible in this section today, burial records indicate that there are numerous burials in the area. 13 Section numbers in text refer to those as given on Drawing 2 FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 10) b. Circulation: Vehicle and pedestrian traffic through the cemetery is directed by narrow dirt roads that measure 15 to 20 feet wide. In addition, sections 1, 5B, and parts of section 10, all Picturesque sections, are divided by narrow (less than 5 feet wide) dirt footpaths, often marked by the curbing from family plots on either side, which allowed visitors to walk between plots (Figure 6). c.

Views and vistas: The entrance to the cemetery is oriented towards the west, which overlooks the Rio Grande valley and the city s West Mesa that includes the low bluffs line the Rio Grande and remnant volcanic features on the horizon. To the east, the view is towards the Sandia and Manzano Mountains, the former marked by Sandia Peak which reaches an elevation of feet above sea level. d. Water Features: There are no water features within the old cemetery boundaries. e. Buildings and structures: There are two mausoleums at Fairview, one for the Springer-Walton family and the other for Herbert Louis Galles and his wife Celeste B. Galles. The Springer-Walton mausoleum is located roughly in the center of the cemetery grounds immediately north of the Elks section.

The building s date of construction is unknown; however, the first portion of the lot on which it sits was purchased in March of while the other half was bought in July of There are at least six individuals buried within the mausoleum including Estelle Walton Springer, her husband William Henry Springer and four other individuals in the Walton family the burials date from to 14 The simplified classical revival structure is 14 feet square, with a tiered roof and west-facing doorway. The door, likely not the original, is painted metal and is securely bolted shut. The doorway is flanked by engaged pillars with simple bases and Doric capitals. The entablature is relatively plain with the name Springer engraved into the frieze the name Walton is engraved into the base, just under the doorway.

A cornice frames the roof, however, the roof tiers are unadorned. The structure is constructed of stuccoed concrete masonry units. The condition of the Springer-Walton mausoleum is fair, with flaked and cracking stucco exposing the concrete units underneath, and prickly pear cactus growing from the tiered roof (Figure 7). The Galles mausoleum is located in a family plot in the southwest corner of the cemetery in section 14. The date of construction is unknown but bronze plaques flanking the doorway indicate that the prominent Albuquerque businessman H. L. Galles died in while his wife passed away in The structure lacks specific architectural style, as it is a simple stuccoed concrete rectangle, measuring 11 feet wide by 12 feet deep by 8 feet tall with its doorway facing north.

The door is metal, and is painted white. The structure is in fair condition, 14 Personal communication with Susan Greene, Fairview Historian, and information gathered from Fairview Burial Records in her possession, June FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 11) with the exception of the stucco, which is flaking off the majority of the structure (Figure 8). f. Small scale elements: There are several types of small-scale elements found throughout the cemetery grounds, including: headstones and monuments, family plot boundary markers, an entrance gate, boundary walls, cemetery row markers, and road curbs. 1. Headstones & Monuments: A variety of types were observed, most were constructed out of marble (Figure 9). Tablet Style.

This classic upright, rectangular headstone is found in a variety of sizes and materials. Fairview markers most commonly have either flat, rounded (military style), or scalloped tops, which are either polished or rusticated. Some also have a small sculpture attached, such as a reclining lamb for an infant s grave (Figures 4 and Obelisk Style. As with the tablet style, obelisk monuments at Fairview are a variety of sizes and materials. Most sit on a pedestal that is often made of a different material than the marble obelisk (a common pedestal material is reddish sandstone with a carved cross-hatched design).

The tops of the monument are either pointed or vaulted (Figure Flat Style: There are very few flat markers within this section of Fairview, however, flat copper markers are used with the Elks section, and within some of the family plots flat markers of copper or stone can be found (Figure Slant Styles. There are a variety of sizes and materials that represent this style found throughout Fairview. Marble and granite are the most commonly used materials, with both smooth and rusticated surfaces (Figure Ledger Style. Although not commonly found at Fairview, there are several of these flat monuments that cover the entire burial plot. There are both above ground and inset flat makers.

Some are accompanied by headstones, while others are engraved or possess integrated sculptural elements such as crosses or scrolls (Figure Sculptured Monuments. There several monuments with a variety of sculptured designs. Typical designs represented on several graves sites include a sculpted lamb atop children s headstones, and a square or rectangular base with a horizontal cylinder lying across the top (see background of Figure Crosses. Crosses of a variety of sizes and heights are found primarily in the Hispanic sections of the cemetery, which are much newer, dating from the to the present (Figure Fraternal Organization Symbols. Many headstones and monuments have designs and symbols associated with fraternal FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 12) organizations.

These include Masonic symbols such as the Square and Compass, and the Odd Fellows motto letters, FLT (Friendship, Love, and Truth) (Figure The most distinctive headstone at Fairview is the Woodmen of the World (WOW) tree trunk. Several of these unique monuments are found in the WOW sections of the cemetery. These include tall carved trunks, shorter stacked logs, and even a double- trunk design which has toppled and become literally encased in tumbleweed. All of the trunks possess the classic symbols of the WOW including the axe, mallet, wedge, and the Latin inscription Dum Tacet Clamet (Though silent, he speaks). Common floral motives of calla lilies, fern, and elaborately carved bark are also present (Figure Other.

Several pieces of free-standing statuary, such as statues of Jesus or the Virgin Mary, are found on grave sites. Some graves are marked by short 4 by 4 inch concrete posts with metal tags (Figure 2. Family Plot Boundary Markers: There are several methods through which the boundaries of family plots and individual gravesites are marked, including curbs, fencing, and other methods such as riverine cobbles or pavers. Curbs: The distinctive shapes of the various sections at Fairview are formed by the presence of curbed family plots. The plots are generally one of two sizes: 10 feet wide by 20 feet long, or 20 by 20 feet. The majority of the plot curbs are uniform and are constructed of relatively simple concrete blocks and posts with a center block upon which the family name is inscribed.

The posts, located at the four corners and on either side of the inscribed center block, are approximately 20 inches tall and 10 inches square. The concrete blocks between the posts are 12 inches high and 10 inches wide (Figure In section 16, it appears that a stem wall for the family plots indicated on the master plan drawing along the south and spanning the section may have been laid according to the master plan. Portions of this wall are visible where no curbed plots exist and although excavation of the stem wall was not possible, what is visible approximates the master plan drawing. In the other family plot sections, however, there is no indication that stem walls or curbs around plots were laid out in advance of their purchase.

In fact, burial card records indicate that some plots were purchased at the time of burial, with line item costs given to the curb, inscribed name block, grave, and headstone. Some plots contain headstones but remain unbounded by curbs. Although there are a scant number of curbed family plots FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 13) that appear to be empty, given the history of vandalism and movement of headstones at Fairview, such plots may in fact contain burials. Although the majority of the curbing is as described above, some plots have curbing created of large carved stone, rusticated or etched stone, and cast concrete blocks to replicate rusticated stone (Figure Fences: A number of family plots use fencing rather than curbs to delineate the plot.

Both wrought iron and wooden picket fences can be found, and ranging from the simple to highly decorative (Figure Cerquitas: Within the three County sections (North, South, and within section small fences of various materials enclose gravesites, most of these date from the and later (see Figure Other: Riverine cobbles, and more recently colored concrete pavers have also been used to mark gravesite boundaries. 3. Entrance Gate & Boundary Walls: The design of the original entry gate into the cemetery, if one existed, is unknown. However, in Italian cement- worker Angelo deTulio was hired to construct the exiting pillars that flank the entry gate.

15 Two support pillars are located on either side of the main gate, which is wrought iron and opens into the cemetery on the west end, roughly in the center (this entrance is no longer used). The four gate pillars have simple capitals, surmounted by round finials. Each side of the pillars is paneled with a singled long rectangle. The center gate is not the original, however, wrought iron fencing between the short and tall pillars may be original and the gate would have been in a similar style. The gate structure is flanked by a stuccoed concrete block wall with concrete pilasters placed every 14 feet.

The pilasters match the style of the gate posts, but are visible only from the exterior (the capitals are visible from inside the cemetery) (Figure 21, see also inset detail sketch on Drawings Sheet 2). The cemetery s boundary walls on the north and east are made of concrete masonry unit (CMU) and were constructed relatively recently (the north wall in The southern boundary of the historic section of Fairview cemetery is marked by a CMU wall that extends approximately two-thirds of the length of the cemetery, from the western entry to just below section 11. The wall has 6-foot tall engaged pilasters spaced every 18 feet, and the 16 by 12 inch standard blocks of which it is constructed are surmounted by one course of red concrete block.

15 Ledger Book One, Fairview Burial Records, in possession of Fairview Historian Susan Greene. FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 14) The eastern one-third of historic Fairview s southern boundary is marked only by the presence of large spruce and elm trees that line the road. The distinction between the historic and newer areas of the cemetery is immediately visible both in the increased vegetation in the newer section and in the layout the newer section does not have bounded family plots, but rather rows of individual plots with flat marker stones. 4. Cemetery Markers: Short, 4 by 4 inch concrete posts identify section row; however, many of these are missing or have been covered by dirt and are no longer visible. 5.

Road Curbs: Concrete curbing, 6 inches wide and at least 5 inches deep, are found along the west edges of section 16, row A and section 18A, the west end point of section 1, the south ends of sections 12 and 13, and the west point of section 5A. They appear to have been added to these sections to protect them from vehicle traffic. The date of their construction is unknown. In addition, the same type of curbing that is typically found around the family plots has been added long the road immediately to the west of sections 19 and 11, and along the south side of section 17 on the northern 1/3 of the section (see Drawings Sheet 2). g.

Archaeological sites: Due to a loss of cemetery records, neglect, and vandalism, there a number of unmarked grave sites scattered throughout the grounds, dating back as far as the late nineteenth century. A majority of these graves are located primarily in sections 16, 17 C, D, E, and F along the cemetery s north wall. PART III. SOURCES OF INFORMATION A. Drawings, plans: Plan drawing of Fairview Cemetery, undated, Map and Geographic Information Center (MAGIC), Centennial Science and Engineering Library, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. [Note: this appears to be a master plan drawing of cemetery; however, this could not be confirmed by cemetery records.] B.

Historic Views, photographs: Aerial photograph of Albuquerque, Earth Data Analysis Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico. FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 15) C. Interviews: Bruce Seagrave. Interview by William A. Dodge. February and June Fairview Cemetery, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Susan Greene. Interview by William A. Dodge. February and June Albuquerque, New Mexico. Edward Boles. Interview by William A. Dodge. April Albuquerque, New Mexico. D. Bibliography Primary and Unpublished Materials Albuquerque Historical Society Records, Center for Southwest Research, Zimmerman Library, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM. Bureau of Land Management Records, Serial Patent Nr: NMNMAA New Mexico, R003E Section 27, NW .

Burial Records of Fairview Cemetery (including original burial cards, ledgers, and other sources material), in possession of Susan Greene, Fairview Historian. Draft National Register of Historic Places Registration Form, Fairview Park Crematorium. On file in the Albuquerque City Planning Office, Fariveiw Cemetery vertical file. Albuquerque City Planning Office, Albuquerque, NM. Letter to the Editor, unknown author, Albuquerque Morning Journal, November 28 Ripp, Bart. City History Retold on Tombstones. Albuquerque Journal, October 30, sec. A, Secondary and Published Materials Burial Records Fairview Memorial Park: 700 Yale Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Compiled by Clara Mulford Taylor. Albuquerque, NM: New Mexico Genealogical Society, Condie, Carol J. for the City of Albuquerque.

The Cemeteries of Albuquerque, Bernalillo County, and Parts of Sandoval and Valencia Counties. City of Albuquerque, Eggener, Keith. Cemeteries. New York: Norton and Library of Congress, Fairview Cemetery, Yale S.E. Albuquerque, Strong-Thorne Mortuary. Compiled by Dorothy Watts, Inez Freeman, Virginia Olmsted, Janet Curtis, and Sybil Nissen for New Mexico Genealogical Society, (original unpublished manuscript housed at Library, Salt Lake City, UT). FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 16) Gable, Laurel K. Ritual, Regalia, and Remembrance: Fraternal Symbolism and Gravestones. Markers: The Journal for the Association for Gravestone Studies, XI:1 27. Linden-Ward, Blanche. The Fencing Mania : The Rise and Fall of Nineteenth-Century Funerary Enclosures.

Markers: The Journal for the Association for Gravestone Studies VII:35 58. Melzer, Richard. Famous and Unusual Gravesites in New Mexico History. Santa Fe: Sunstone Press, Reboard, Bernice Ann. A Social History of Albuquerque, Master s Thesis, University of New Mexico, Sanborn, Laura Sue. Camposantos: Sacred Places of the Southwest. Markers: The Journal for the Association for Gravestone Studies, VI:159 80. Schuyler, David Paul. Public Landscapes and American Urban Culture Rural Cemeteries, City Parks, and Suburbs. dissertation, Columbia University, Simmons, Marc. Albuquerque: A Narrative History. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico press, Sloane, David Charles. The Last Great Necessity: Cemeteries in American History. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, Stott, Annette.

The Woodmen of the World Monument Program. Markers: The Journal for the Association for Gravestone Studies, 29. E. Sources not yet investigated: The online records of the BLM were investigated, however, original deeds were not yet scanned and could be consulted to determine original homestead information regarding the land on which the cemetery is constructed. In addition, many of the burial records, ledgers, and other materials for Fairview Cemetery, currently in the possession of Susan Greene the cemetery historian, were not consulted as she has only recently acquired these materials and they are not yet organized. Dates of construction for the two mausoleums might be determined from consulting building permit files on record with the City of Albuquerque.

Manuscript collections of individuals associated with the ACA or otherwise known to be associated with the cemetery should be located and consulted. It should be noted that a fire destroyed many of the cemetery s historical records. F. Supplemental material: All supplemental photographs were taken by staff during February or June of Drawing Sheet 2 was created by from field survey, and Drawing Sheet 3 was drawn by John Barney and Teresa Hamer with Humus Mirabilis using vegetation survey information collected by FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 17) PART IV.

PROJECT INFORMATION This cultural landscape report was carried out by Van Citters: Historic Preservation, Albuquerque, New Mexico, as a public service project for the Daniels Family Funeral Services and for the benefit of the citizens of Albuquerque. The historical research, fieldwork, and report preparation were conducted by William A. Dodge and Sarah R. Payne. The project administrator was Karen Van Citters. FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 18) Figure1. Aerial of Albuquerque, (cropped to show Fairview Cemetery and surrounding area). Earth Data Analysis Center, University of New Mexico. FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 19) Figure 2. View of curved road created and curbed family plots, looking east (Sarah R. Payne, June FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 20) Figure 3.

Rectilinear sections and aisles of curbed family plots, looking northwest (Sarah R. Payne, June FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 21) Figure 4. American Legion Section 18, looking northwest (Sarah R. Payne, June FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 22) Figure 5. County North section, showing area where headstones and markers are missing, looking north (Sarah R. Payne, February . FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 23) Figure 6. Narrow footpaths formed by family plot curbing, looking east across section 1 (Sarah R. Payne, June . FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 24) Figure 7. Springer-Walton Mausoleum, looking east (Sarah R. Payne, June FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 25) Figure 8. Galles Mausoleum, looking south (Sarah R. Payne, June FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 26) Figure 9.

Photograph showing variety of headstones and typical plot curbing, looking southwest (Sarah R. Payne, June FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 27) Figure 10. Tablet style headstones with scalloped tops, looking east (Sarah R. Payne, June FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 28) Figure 11. Slant, obelisk, and sculptural headstone styles, showing variety in materials and finishes, looking northeast (Sarah R. Payne, June FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 29) Figure 12. Flat style headstones located in the Elks half-moon section (note also the lawn in this area), looking west (Sarah R. Payne, June FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 30) Figure 13. Example of above-ground ledger style marker with sculptural element on top, looking north (Sarah R. Payne, June FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 31) Figure 14.

Section 18, a newer County section with primarily Hispanic burials, showing examples of cross headstones, cerquitas, and free-standing statuary, looking east (Sarah R. Payne, February FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 32) Figure 15. Corner marker for the IOOF section, looking northwest (Sarah R. Payne, June FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 33) Figure 16. WOW tree trunk grave marker, looking west (Sarah R. Payne, June The name on this grave marker has been edited out of the photograph to protect the privacy of the family. FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 34) Figure 17. Small 4 by 4 inch post grave markers with metal name plates, looking northeast (Sarah R. Payne, February FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 35) Figure 18.

Typical curbing found around family plots throughout the cemetery, looking northeast (Sarah R. Payne, June FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 36) Figure 19. Other types of curbing found around family plots, various views (Sarah R. Payne, June FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 37) Figure 20. Wrought iron and wooden fencing found around family plots, various views (Sarah R. Payne, June FAIRVIEW CEMETERY HALS (page 38) Figure 21. Main entry gate, showing pillars constructed in looking from outside the cemetery to the east (Sarah R. Payne, June