Major Bibliographical References Bibliographyp (cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.) Previous documentation on file (NPS): Primary location of additional data preliminary determination of individual listing (36 State Historic Preservation Office CFR 67) has been requested Other State agency previously listed in the National Register Federal agency previously determined eligible by the National Local government Register University designated a National Historic Landmark Other recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey Name of repository: # Mass. Highway Dept., bridge # W-41-11 recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # MA-119 MPS Form 10-800e United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number _ Page - OMB Approral Na.
1024-0018 COLEMAN BRIDGE Windsor (Berkshire Co.), Mass. 8.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The Coleman Bridge, built c. 1894, is significant as a rare and distinctive example of a late 19th-century iron truss bridge type, patented by Windsor machinist and entrepreneur Charles H. Ball, and known as the Ball Pipe Truss Bridge. The bridge is the last intact example of Ball's invention to survive in Massachusetts (two others have been dismantled and warehoused). The bridge's characteristic use of iron pipes in the fabrication of the top chords of its trusses, as well asits sparing use of rods for lower chords, vertical members and tension rods, distinguishes it in the context of iron truss types in the period. Pipes had been used in the construction of bridge trusses in the past, but usually when there was need to transport water across the bridge as well.
Ball applied the technology in a completely different way, essentially to economize on materials, reduce structural elements, avoid riveting (which he considered a waste of labor), and make a cheap and practical bridge. Ball's rationale was to create an iron replica of the small wooden bridges at secondary crossing such as Coleman Bridge, it appears that he was disappointed in this ambition and soon directed his creative energies elsewhere. The Ball Pipe Truss Bridge provides an interesting illustration of the rural application of iron construction methods recently introduced into American building practice. It also adds another important dimension to the history of bridge construction,thereby expanding the understanding and appreciation of the impact industrial materials and structural engineering had on their design and fabrication. That Charles H.
Ball was a local entrepreneur, developing a cost-efficient solution for local highway improvement as it was becoming more important at the end of the 19th century, endows him and the Coleman Bridge, as the sole surviving example of his work- in the state, with particular significance in the local and state context. The Coleman Bridge fulfills National Register criterion A and C at the local level; retaining integrity of location, design, materials, workmanship, feeling, association and setting. WINDSOR BUSH The Coleman Bridge was built along Windsor Bush road, a secondary road that wends its way through the mountains in the northeastern part of the town of Windsor. The road is so-named because a small, decentralized upland farming community once existed along it that was known as Windsor Bush.
Phelps Brook was the largest of a number of small feeders draining south through the area and into the Westfield River. The area was dotted with springs and wetlands that were the sources of these streams. Phelps Brook originated in Windsor Lake, a popular fishing spot in the 19t century known as Skeeter Pond.This area was mountainous with poor soil ill-suited for (continued) MPS Forme 10-900-4 (6-04) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB Approvel No 1024-0018 COLEMAN BRIDGE Windsor (Berkshire Co.), Mass. Section number - Page - agriculture. Farming was augmented by other mountain occupations such as lumbering and saw mills, spruce oil distilleries, mining talc, mica and copper, and maple sugaring.
The map for Windsor in Beers' 1876 Atlas of Berkshire Massachusetts identified more than a dozen houses, a school and a cemetery. The map also shows what is now Windsor Bush Road crossing the brook near the farms of H. Coleman and W.M. Coleman, which is how the bridge assumed its name. The present Ball patent pipe truss bridge was introduced to the site nearly 20 years after the Beers map was published, so it must have replaced an older wooden bridge, which exemplified Ball's sales premise: to replace wooden bridges with an iron bridge for little more cost. CHARLES H. BALL Charles H. Ball was born in Peru, Massachusetts (Berkshire County), on January 14, 1861. His father, William Isaac Ball, was something of an adventurer and inventive spirit.
He was a fortune-seeker in the California Gold Rush and worked for a time on the New York waterfront before returning to the Berkshire hills to farm and raise a family. In 1864 William Ball received a patent for an "improved potato masher," providing a model for his son's creative development. Charles Ball grew up and remained in Berkshire County for his entire life where he made a significant contribution to the region's economy and identity, as well as to the history of bridge design. Ball received his only formal education in the district school, but was said to be an avid reader and self-taught in many fields. As a young man he was introduced to factory tools and production working at the Stevens Manufacturing Co. in nearby Cummington, a manufacturer of pencils and tool handles.
In the early 1880s he entered the employment of Granville Jordan, the proprietor of an iron foundry and machine shop in East Windsor that made "Jordan's Improved Turbine Water Wheels," circular and band saws, and woodworking machinery. Jordan made Ball a partner in 1885, and the firm continued as Jordan & Ball, adding wrought iron bridge stringers to their inventory. In 1888 the firm sold a small bridge to Peru for fifty dollars, the first recorded instance of Charles Ball's involvement in bridge design and construction. That same year Ball built a machine shop in East Windsor to further his work in bridge design, employing his brother Frank and a friend, Harrison Hathaway, as a construction team. Several years, and more than a dozen bridges later, on July 25, 1893, Ball received a U.S. patent for an iron pipe truss bridge of his design.
By the end of the century, more than 25 of his patented bridge types were erected in western New England. However, by 1895 Charles Ball was already pursuing other interests. He had: purchased a portable saw mill and moved it into a factory in the nearby town of Savoy to launch a new woodworking enterprise known as the "High Ball Mill" for the manufacture of barrel (continued) MPS Form P-00 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number - Page - OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 COLEMAN BRIDGE Windsor (Berkshire Co.), Mass. staves and broom handles. By 1905 the factory was specializing in the manufacture of lollipop. sticks, meat skewers, coat hangers, knitting needles, lead pencils and other wood products.
Ball continuously redesigned and improved the machinery to produce ever-greater amounts of these items. Output grew continuously and significantly over the years so that by 1924, Ball could boast an increase in production from 30,000 annually in the early days to 700,000pieces per year. By then Ball was selling his products in markets all over the world. While his bridges never made headlines and were concentrated around his home, Charles Ball's lollipop sticks did, internationally. Throughout his life, Charles Ball was an active participant in local government and held nearly every elective town office at one time or another. He was regarded as one of the best known and popular men in Berkshire County. Ball's mill employed about 30 people, which represented the bulk of East Windsor's labor force at the time.
He owned more than 2,000 acres of land and many East Windsor houses which he rented to employees. Charles Ball died at his East Windsor home on May 15, 1928, and was buried at the Peru Cemetery. BALL'S PIPE TRUSS BRIDGES Charles Ball disparaged most iron bridges being built in his day, saying "the builders of iron bridges seem to be paying more attention to appearance than to the strength of their bridges." He also thought that rivets reduced the strength of the metal, and their use represented unnecessary labor. Thus, Ball's bridges were designed for easy manufacture and assembly. The main members of the bridges were large sections of iron pipe. Connections were simplified by bending the pipe for hipped sections and by looping vertical members over it.
In a sales pamphlet, Ball described the premise of his bridge technology as follows: To meet the demand for a low priced iron bridge having all the important qualities of strength and durability found in the best iron bridges now made, I have perfected a pipe truss bridge...The question of artistic or architectural effect was not considered in planning this bridge, the main point being to produce a strong, cheap bridge that would last as long as any iron bridge, and cost but little, if any, more than a good wooden bridge. (continued) MPS Form 10-900-4 OMB Aaproval Na. 10210018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number _ COLEMAN BRIDGE Windsor (Berkshire Co.), Mass.
Page - The majority of Ball's pipe truss bridges were small, having only one or two vertical members, although a drawing in his sales pamphlet suggests that the structure could be extended to a multi-panel truss in a modified Howe-type configuration. During the 1890s, Ball's shop manufactured and erected an unknown number of bridges, of which 24 have been documented. His concept of a cheap iron bridge was a compelling sales point; small towns could have several small Ball truss bridges erected for the cost of a single conventional iron-truss span. However, unlike his later lollipop stick business, his bridge sales apparently did not extend very far afield. While Ball bridges are known to have existed as far north as Jericho, Vermont, and as far south as Washington Depot, Connecticut, most were built in a 12-mile radius of his East Windsor headquarters.
The Town of Windsor was, in fact, his best customer. At least six of his bridges (a quarter of his output) were built there, and he was paid for highway and bridge repair work on numerous occasions between 1889 and his death. Curiously, with this extensive record of bridgework in the town, there is no recorded reference to the construction or maintenance of the Coleman Bridge. Three Ball pipe truss bridges are known to survive, all in Massachusetts. In addition to the Coleman Bridge, the other two are the Holiday Road Bridge (1895) in Dalton, and the Stage Road Bridge (1890) in the Hampshire County town of Cummington. While all three are materially intact, the Dalton and Cummington bridges were both removed from their sites in 1990 and stored to await restoration on another site.
Although no longer in its original use on an active town road, and while the small farm community it serviced has since moldered away around it, the Coleman Bridge remains a landmark to the history of transportation and community development in northwestern Massachusetts as well as to the integrity and enterprising spirit of one of Windsor's favorite sons, Charles H. Ball. Archaeological Significance Historic archaeological resources described above have the potential to provide detailed information on certain aspects of the Coleman Bridge construction not included in the 1893 Ball Patent. Additional documentary research combined with archaeological testing can help identify the form and techniques used in the construction of the original timber bridge abutments and their later rebuilding with concrete.
Archaeological research may identify changes that were made in the abutment design and the reasons for their rebuilding. (end) NPS Form 10-800-e OMB Approral No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number _ COLEMAN BRIDGE Windsor (Berkshire Co.), Mass. Page - BIBLIOGRAPHY Atlas of. Berkshire County, Massachusetts. Pittsfield, MA: Barnes and Farnham, 1904. Berkshire County Directory, 1885-86. Boston: Briggs and Co., 1885. Boston, MA. Massachusetts Department of Public Works. Bridge Files. Chila, Hamilton, comp. Gazetteer of Berkshire County, Massachusetts...1725-1885. Syracuse, NY: Journal Office, 1885. County Atlas of Berkshire, Massachusetts. NY: F.W. Beers and Co., 1876. Dalton Bicentennial Committee. A Bicentennial History of Dalton, Massachusetts, 1784- 1984.
North Adams, MA: Excelsior Printing Co., 1984. Dalton, MA. Town Hall. Town Archives. Annual Reports. Drew, Bernard A. "Ball Iron Pipe Bridges. "Ball's Iron Pipe Bridges," Society for Industrial Archeology Newsletter, vol. 6, no. 5 (September 1977), p 2. "Berkshire Bridges: Going, Going, Gone!" The Berkshire Sampler, April 29, 1979. "Charlie Ball: One Man Industry." Berkshire Off the Trail. Great Barrington, MA: Attic Revivals Press, 1982. -. Spanning Berkshire Waterways. Great Barrington, MA: Attic Revivals Press, 1990. Drew, Gabrielle T. Town of Windsor: 200" Anniversary. Windsor, MA: Windsor Bicentennial Committee, 1971. Foster, Helen H., and William W. Streeter. Only One Cummington. Cummington, MA: Cummington Historical Commission, 1974. History of Berkshire County, Massachusetts. NY: J.B. Beers and Co., 1885.
"Making Millions of Sticks for Lollypops." Newspaper clipping, source unknown, 1924, found in the research files of Bernard A. Drew, Great Barrington, MA. Nason, Elias. A Gazetteer of the State of Massachusetts. Boston: B.B. Russell, 1874. National Cyclopedia of American Biography. NY: James T. White and Co., 1932. Peru, MA. Town Hall. Town Archives. Annual reports. Pittsfield, MA. Berkshire County Historical Society. Archive Collection "Ball's Pipe Truss Bridge." Sales pamphlet, 1894. The Berkshire Eagle. Pittsfield, MA. 1880-1938. Washington, D.C. United States Patent Office. Patent granted to Charles H. Ball, #502,165 (July 25, 1893). Windsor, MA. Town Hall. Town Archives. Annual Reports. - Windsor Historical Society. Historical Collections. (end) Coleman Bridge Name of Property 10.
Geographical Data Acreage of property less than one UTM References (Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet.) Berkshire County, Massachusetts County and State 1 18 Zone 664800 Easting 4710620 Northing 3 Zone Easting Northing 2 4 See continuation sheet Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.) Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet.) 11.
Form Prepared By name/title Information supplied by Deborah Balmuth/Mary Ann Corcoran, Windsor HC; edited byNeil Larson, preservation consultant, with Betsy Friedberg, NR Director, MHC organization Massachusetts Historical Commission date street & number 220 Morrissey Blvd telephone city or town - Boston state MA January 2000 617-727-8470 zip code 02125 Additional Documentation Submit the following items with the completed form: Continuation Sheets Maps A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location. A Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. Photographs Representative black and white photographs of the property.
Additional items (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items) Property Owner (Complete this item at the request of the SHPO or FPO.) name Town of Windsor street & number 1890 Route 9, PO Box 205 city or town Windsor telephone MA 413-684-3878 zip code 01270 Stat e Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties and to amend existing listings.
Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C.470 et seq.) Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18.1 hours per response including time fo reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this from to the Chief, Administrative Services Division, National Park Service, P.O. Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127; and the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Projects (1024-0018), Washington, DC 20503. MPS Forre 10-900-e (-00 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number - Page - OMB Approvel No.
1024-0018 COLEMAN BRIDGE Windsor (Berkshire Co.), Mass. 9. GEOGRAPHICAL DATA Verbal Boundary Description The boundary of Coleman Bridge is location on the attached assessor's map for the Twon of Windsor. Boundary Justification The nominated property consists only of the bridge and its abutments; it is only the area that has been historically associated with the bridge.
(end) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES EVALUATION/RETURN SHEET REQUESTED ACTION: NOMINATION PROPERTY Coleman Bridge NAME : MULTIPLE NAME : STATE & COUNTY: MASSACHUSETTS, Berkshire DATE RECEIVED: DATE OF 16TH DAY: DATE OF WEEKLY LIST: 1/18/00 2/18/00 REFERENCE NUMBER: 00000112 DATE OF PENDING LIST: 2/02/00 DATE OF 45TH DAY: 3/04/00 REASONS FOR REVIEW: APPEAL: OTHER: N N REQUEST: N DATA PROBLEM: N LANDSCAPE: N LESS THAN 50 YEARS: N PDIL: SAMPLE: N N PERIOD: N PROGRAM UNAPPROVED: N SLR DRAFT: N NATIONAL: N COMMENT WAIVER: N VACCEPT RETURN REJECT ABSTRACT/ SUMMARY COMMENTS : Eotarad in the Naticnal Begioter RECOM./CRITERIA REVIEWER TELEPHONE DISCIPLINE DATE DOCUMENTATION see attached comments Y/N see attached SLR Y/N Property name: Coleman Bridge Street Address: Windsor Bush Road over Phelps Brook Community: Windsor Photographer & date: Windsor Historical Commission Photograph number 1 of 3 Description of view: view to the south Property name: Coleman Bridge Street Address: Windsor Bush Road over Phelps Brook Community: Windsor Photographer & date: Douglas f.
Pierce, 11/91 Location of negative: Windsor Historical Commission Photograph number 2 of 3 Description of view: view to the east Property name: Coleman Bridge Street Address: Windsor Bush Road over Phelps Brook Community: Windsor Photographer ouglas f. Pierce, 11/97 Location of negative: Windsor Historical Commission Photograph number 3 of 3 Description of view: view to the west WN WINDSOR C BNGEHOROU MASS BF VR CORPORA LED JULY OFFICE OF THE SELECTMEN Jnwn of Windgnr BERKSHIRE COUNTY - MASSACHUSETTS P.O. BOX 205 WINDSOR, MASSACHUSETTS 01270 TELEPHONE 413 684-3811 RECEIVED JUL 29 1998 MASS. HIST. COMM July 27,1998 TE Massachusetts Historical Commission 220 Morrissey Boulevard Boston, Mass. 02125 Attn: Betsy Friedberg Dear Ms.
Friedberg, The Board of Selectmen wish to go on record as supporting the nomination of the Coleman Bridge on Windsor Bush Road in Windsor for the National Register of historical structures. The Board is certain that our HIstorical Commission has provided you with all of the historical background of this bridge. Sincere-y b Dacls Gary B. Boody Chairman The Commonwealth of Massachusetts William Francis Galvin, Secretary of the Commonwealth Massachusetts Historical Commission January 14, 2000 Ms. Carol Shull National Register of Historic Places Department of the Interior National Park Service Mail Stop 2280, Suite 400 1849 C Street, NW Washington, DC 20240 Dear Ms.
Shull: Enclosed please find the following nomination form: Coleman Bridge, Windsor (Berkshire Co.), MA The nomination has been voted eligible by the State Review Board and has been signed by the State Historic Preservation Officer. The owners of the properties included in the district were notified of pending State Review Board consideration 30 to 45 days before the meeting and were afforded the opportunity to comment. A letter of support has been received from the Windsor (Mass.) Board of Selectmen.
Sincerely, Betoy Friedher Betsy Friedberg National Register Director Massachusetts Historical Commission enclosure CC: Nicole Pierce, Windsor Historical Commission Joseph Landquist, Jr.; Windsor Board of Selectmen Neil Larson, Preservation consultant Planning Director, Town of Windsor Matthew Amorello, Massachusetts Highway Department Ross Dindio, District One, MHD 220 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125 - (617) 727-8470 Fax: (617) 727-5128 - TDD: 1-800-392-6090 www.state.ma.us/sec/mhc