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NPS Form 10-900 (Rev. 10-90) RECEIVE -OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service JUL - 5 2000 National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 872 NATIONAL REGISTER, HISTORY & EDUCATION This formeisforeeseinnominatingorreguestindeterminationsforindividal propertiesad E Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking !x' in the appropriate box or by entering the information requested. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. 1.
Name of Property historic name Isaac Winslow House other names/site number_ Winslow House Museum 2.Location street & number_ 64 Careswell Street _not for publication city or town Marshfield - vicinity state_Massachusetts _ code_MA - county Plymouth _ code_023 _ zip code 02050 State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1986, as amended, I hereby certily that this a-nomination - request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property VZmeets does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant [ nationally - statewide f locally.
(- See continuation sheet for additional comments.) 6 28/2000 emoua Signature of certifying official/Title Judith B. McDonough, Executive Director Massachusetts Historical Commission, State Historic Preservation Officer Date' State or Federal agency and bureau In my opinion, the property meets does not meet the National Register criteria. ([ See continuation sheet for additional Comments.) Signature of certifying official/Title Date State or Federal agency and bureau 4. National Park Service Certification 1, hereby certify that this property is: entered in the National Register - See continuation sheet. - determined eligible for the National Register - See continuation sheet. - determined not eligible for the National Register - removed from the National Register - other (explain): Signature of the Keeper tatuck Andus Date of Action 8/1500 Isaac Winslow House Name of Property 5.
Classification Ownership of Property (Check as many boxes as apply) x private - public-local - public-State - public-Federal Plymouth, MA County and State (Check only one box) Xbuilding(s) _ district _ site - structure - object Number of Resources within Property (Do not include previously listed resources in the count.) Contributing 3 Noncontributing Name of related multiple property listing (Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing.) n/a building sites _ structures - objects 3 1 Total Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register 1-Daniel Webster Law Office (NR/NHL 1974) 6. Function or Use Historic Functions (Enter categories from instructions) DOMESTIC/single dwelling Current Functions (Enter categories from instructions) RECREATION AND CULTURE/museum Z.
Description Architectural Classification (Enter categories from instructions) Colonial/Postmedieval, Georgian Materials (Enter categories from instructions) foundationSTONE/granite walls - WOOD/weatherboard, shingle roof other _ WOOD/shingle Narrative Description (Describe the historic and current condition of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) MPS Form 10-800e B00 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB Approvel No. 1024-0016 Section number - Page - Isaac Winslow House Marshfield (Plymouth Co.), MA Description SUMMARY The Isaac Winslow House is located at the corner of Webster and Careswell streets in the Town of Marshfield, Plymouth County, Massachusetts.
The property consists of about 20 acres of land, and contains four contributing resources, including the main house, the Daniel Webster Law Office, a Blacksmith Shop, and the Marcia Thomas House. The only non-contributing resource on the property is a carriage house that was erected in 1970. The Isaac Winslow House was constructed as a two-and-one- half story residence. Surviving elements of the interior finish reflect features of the first half of the 18th century, while the present façade reflects the Georgian style, probably the result of remodeling during the second half of the 18 century. In the 1920s, the building was converted into a house museum and several additions were added to the rear.
Contributing outbuildings include the Daniel Webster Law Office, a small, one-story rectangular building located to the north of the main house, and a Blacksmith Shop which may date from the seventeenth century and is also located to the north of the main house. Both the Webster Law Office and Blacksmith Shop were moved to their current locations in 1965. The Marcia Thomas House, a one-and-one-half-story, Cape-type building, was constructed in 1835 and moved to the northeast corner of the Winslow House property in 1997. SETTING The Winslow House is part of a complex of several buildings. Approximately one hundred feet to the north of the Winslow House is the Daniel Webster Law Office (NHL) and the blacksmith shop. To the northwest of the house is a carriage house (circa 1970), which is currently used to house three nineteenth- century vehicles.
Also located on the property to the north of the Winslow House is the Marcia Thomas House (1835), recently moved to the site by the Marshfield Historical Society (1997) and currently being prepared for use as a museum by the Society. The property associated with the Winslow House consists of 20 acres of partially cleared, level land and second-growth woods. A small pond is located to the west of the house in close proximity to the remains of an abandoned cranberry bog. Set between the tea room and the kitchen additions along the north side of the Winslow House is an herb garden, designed and installed by Cynthia Hagar Krusell in the 1950s. The herb garden contains herbs and plants appropriate to the interpreted periods at the Winslow House.
The area surrounding the property was once part of "Careswell," an approximately 1,000-acre estate assembled by Isaac Winslow's grandfather, Edward, in the early seventeenth century. Edward Winslow's House, the seat of the estate, was constructed in 1636 and was located across Careswell Street, southeast of the Isaac Winslow House. The site is accessed by a wooded dirt road, which leads to a granite marker indicating the location of the house. Extensive archaeological surveys were conducted there in the 1940s (continued) MPS Forme 10-900-e (5-00) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB Approvel No. 1024-0018 Section number _/ Page - Isaac Winslow House Marshfield (Plymouth Co.), MA and 1970s, and the site has yielded more than 15,000 artifacts (Photographs 14-15).
On the opposite corner of Webster and Careswell streets, northeast of the Winslow House, is the one-room Winslow Schoolhouse (1857), which was one of eight district schools in the town of Marshfield in the nineteenth century (Photograph 39). To the south of the Winslow House is the Ford/Thomas House (ca. 1760, photographs 11-12), a one-and-one-half-story, gambrel-roof house that was moved to its present site from Plymouth in 1920. In the twentieth century, the land that once made up the Winslow estate was divided for residential development and a number of modern period residences have been added to the streetscape in the vicinity of the Winslow House. ISAAC WINSLOW HOUSE Exterior The house faces east toward Careswell Street and is set back approximately thirty feet from the road.
It was constructed during the Colonial Period, and reflects both early and later 18* century hands that created the property's present Georgian-style appearance. Extensive additions in the 1920s included a tea room, kitchen, and the attachment of a nineteenth-century barn. The Winslow House is a remarkable example of a colonial-period building, probably among the largest and most elaborate in the region. Many of the building's decorative elements reflect a remodeling during the second half of the 18th century. The house is a two-and-one-half-story, side-gable building, which measures forty-four feet wide and thirty-three feet deep. The walls are clad in wood clapboard, which was applied between 1994 and 1996 to replace the original deteriorating clapboard.
Wood quoins, which were part of the building's later 18" century updating, are located on the northeast, southeast, and southwest corners, as well as on the entrance portico. These quoins were removed in 1965 after the building was damaged by a hurricane, but were restored between 1994 and 1996. The roof is clad with wood shingles. The eaves extend to protect restored crown molding. A massive brick chimney, embellished with decorative corbelling, extends from the center of the roof ridge. The Winslow House sits on its original, hammered-granite foundation. The five-bay facade (east elevation) includes a central main entrance which is located within a one-story, front-gable, one-by-one-bay portico embellished with wood quoins at the corners and a pediment decorated with dentils and a small, astrological star in bas relief (Photograph 2 and 13).
The main door is a double door with wrought-iron hardware, flanked by simple pilasters and topped by a blank entablature. Windows are twelve-over-twelve, double-hung sash (twentieth century replacements) with molded headers. A small, four-over-six, double-hung sash window is located over the (continued) NPS Form 10-900- 8-00 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number - Page - OMB Aaprovel No. 1021-0018 Isaac Winslow House Marshfield (Plymouth Co.), MA stairwell on the second story.of the west elevation. The north elevation contains a small, recessed, six- over-four-light buttery window set below the first-story pantry window. Windows in the attic and second stories of the north elevation are twelve-over-eight, double-hung sash.
Attached to the northeast section of the west elevation is a two-story rear ell, which extends approximately nineteen feet from the main block (Photographs 1 and 4).: This ell may predate the main building, as recent renovations revealed vertical siding with brick nogging and embedded timbers underneath the original clapboards. The ell may have been part of the old Josiah Winslow house and moved from its original site when the main block of the Winslow House was constructed. The ell contains the summer kitchen on the first story and two rooms (believed to be slave or servants quarters) on the second story. The north and south elevations of the ell both contain simple door surrounds, which lead into the summer kitchen. A restored (1999) brick chimney covered in cement extends from the roof ridge. Extending from the rear ell is a series of additions, constructed in the 1920s.
A one-story, gable-roof addition attached to the rear ell was constructed in 1920 and used as a tea room until 1938 (Photographs 1,5 and 6). It is presently used as a function room. The tea room addition is clad in vertical wood siding double, fifteen-paned, casement windows. The tea room addition is accessed by a brick terrace leading to extends approximately three feet beyond the wall of the ell. This section contains a plank door topped by a four-light transom and a twenty-four fixed pane window. The original well is located beneath this section of the addition, which somewhat imitates the original well enclosure. Attached to the west end of the tea room addition is a two-and-one-half-story, side-gable barn, thirty-eight feet wide (Photographs 1 and 7).
The barn is believed to have been constructed in 1878 by Caroline Webster, the widow of Daniel Webster's eldest son, Fletcher, when she occupied the Winslow House. It originally stood some distance from the house, but was moved and attached to the tea room in 1920. The barn is clad in wood shingles and rests on a fieldstone foundation. The barn has six-over-six, double- hung sash windows, with two stationary, six-light windows located on the second story of the west elevation. The original, central, hung-track, vertical wood door has been fixed in the open position and the main entrance has been converted to a casement window with nine-over-twelve lights. The barn is currently in use as a meeting room and gift shop. To the north of the barn is a small, one-story, gable- roof, attached kitchen. This kitchen addition was constructed in 1920 and also contains a small lavatory.
The kitchen extends thirty-three feet from the barn and contains two doors: one to access the kitchen and one to access the bathroom. Windows are six-over-six, double-hung sash and are 1994 replacements. Attached to the north elevation of the kitchen is a twenty-six by seventeen-and-one-half-foot, side-gable storage barn clad in wood shingles with a central, vertical wood door (Photograph 8). (continued) MPS Form 10-800e (5-00 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number - Page - OMB Approvel Na. 1024-0016 Isaac Winslow House Marshfield (Plymouth Co.), MA Interior The interior of the Winslow House is organized around a central chimney with a hall and parlor to the front of the house and a kitchen to the rear. The second story contains four bedroom chambers.
The main entrance through the entry portico leads to a stair hall, which contains the original, twenty-four tread staircase with original turned balusters. Dropped pendants in the form of acorns on the staircase are original; however, the acorn newel caps are 1920s reproductions. The stair hall contains four doors, one leading to the outside, one to the great hall, one to the parlor, and one to a closet located under the stairs. All doors in the main block of the house are original with original hardware. The flooring throughout the first floor is believed to be from the second half of the 18h century, with the original floorboards underneath. The great hall contains a large fireplace, one of six to share the main chimney. The fireplace has curved corners and decorative brick work to the rear. The room's summer beam was un-boxed in the 1920 restoration.
The windows in this room were believed to have been installed in the second half of the 18th century. To the west of the great hall is a small room with painted plaster and woodwork, as well as boxed timbers. To the north of this room is the winter kitchen, which contains nine doors, all of which are believed to be original. The ceiling, which was covered with plaster in the later 18th century and re- exposed in 1920, revealed original decorative paint stippling (white with black daubs). The large cooking fireplace was uncovered in 1920 and contains a large beehive oven (36"X 36") to the rear. A large, eighteenth-century granite fireback is also located to the rear of the fireplace. The frieze board above the lintel is carved with hex signs. The kitchen also contains original open shelving with carved moldings. The timbers in the winter kitchen were un-boxed in 1920.
To the north of the winter kitchen are two small areas, possibly a dairy, combined in an unusual split-level portion of the house. The first area, presently interpreted as a buttery, is accessed by four granite steps down into the cellar level.. The foundation walls have been partially plastered and the floor is paved with brick tiles. The second area, now called the pantry, is accessed by three original wooden steps and contains original shelving and paneling on the walls. Continuing around the central chimney to the east is the parlor, which exemplifies the Georgian-style embellishments of the Winslow House. The room contains paneled wainscoting and doors, all of which likely date to the renovations in the second half of the 18" century. The south wall of the parlor is paneledfrom floor to ceiling and contains an early fireplace flanked by fluted pilasters.
The fireplace is surrounded by blue and white Portuguese tiles (added in 1920), and hand-carved bolection molding. The fireplace contains a fireback which dates from the eighteenth century and depicts a Phoenix rising from the ashes, with the inscription, "The Great Fire in Boston, March 1760." All the beams in the room are boxed, and moldings are found on the baseboards, cornices, and door and window surrounds. The room is decorated with a reproduction of 1755 French wallpaper (Photograph 16). The second floor is accessed by the main staircase, which leads to a small stair hall. The stair hall contains one window and three doors; one to the hall chamber, one to the parlor chamber, and a 1920 replacement door which leads to the attic.
To the south of the stair hall is the hall chamber (Photograph (continued) MPS Form 10,500e (8-06) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number - Page - OME Approvel Na 1021-0018 Isaac Winslow House Marshfield (Plymouth Co.), MA 23). This room contains a very unique, original, paneled fireplace wall, which has such remarkable detail that Henry DuPont attempted to purchase it, along with the Jacobean staircase, for his museum, Winterthur, in the 1920s. The fireplace has curved corners and large bolection molding (photograph 20). The mantel is embellished with detailed moldings, and the paneling along this wall is considered to be some of the finest paneling in the Old Plymouth Colony. Two closet doors flank the fireplace.
One leads to a small space with two shelves and a false ceiling, which leads to a passage which ends behind a panel in the first floor parlor. The other door leads to a small closet. To the west of the hall chamber is the upper back hall, which leads to the children's room and the Webster room. The children's room, located in the southwest corner of the house, is an unadorned room with plaster walls and boxed beams (Photograph 19). The Webster room was named when it was the repository of the Daniel Webster memorabilia before the Law Office was moved to the site. (Photograph 22). The fireplace in this room has been walled up and a small wood door was installed to allow heat to escape into the room from the chimney. To the north of the Webster room is the Historical Society room, which contains display cases with exhibits on loan from the Marshfield Historical Society (Photograph 24).
In the northeast corner of the house is the parlor chamber (also known as Dr. Isaac Winslow's room), which contains a mid-18th century fireplace possibly set into an earlier fireplace opening (Photograph 29). The fireplace is surrounded by 18" century mulberry-colored, Delft tiles and bolection molding. A small closet is located within the room and is believed to have provided laboratory space and storage for Dr. Isaac Winslow's medicines (photograph 18). A portion of the wall in the parlor chamber has been revealed to interpret the construction of the house. Exposed are four-by-four studs with brick nogging, the original white pine panels, plaster, pre-1755 wallpaper, and lathes. This section of wall is covered by a glass panel. The interior plan of the rear ell consists of a summer kitchen on the first floor and two bedroom chambers on the second floor.
Local historians believe that the ell may predate the main house and may have been constructed in the 17# century as part of either the Josiah Winslow or the Edward Winslow House; they believe that it was moved by General John Winslow in 1755 to replace an older, one-story summer kitchen. (Additional research would be necessary to substantiate this assertion.) The ell is of post construction with double, vertical outer planking. The summer kitchen has high horizontal wainscoting and a closed, three-story staircase; one flight leading to the root cellar, one to the second floor, and one to the attic (Photographs 25 and 28). The fireplace is a 1920s reproduction duplicating the great hall fireplace with its curved corners. The floorboards in the summer kitchen date to circa 1885, when they were installed over the original floorboards.
The second floor of the ell is accessed by the staircase, which leads to an upper stair hall (Photograph 27). This stair hall contains doors that lead to the bedroom chambers and to the Webster room. Several names and dates from the eighteenth and nineteenth century have been carved in the door to the Webster room. The two bedrooms located off the stair hall are believed to have been used as quarters for slaves and servants. These bedrooms both have exposed gunstock timbers (Photograph 30). (continued) MPS Forme 10-900- (5-00) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number - Page - OMB Aaprovel Na. 1021-0016 Isaac Winslow House Marshfield (Plymouth Co.), MA The tea room, which extends.
off the summer kitchen to the west, was constructed with timbers from an earlier barn which stood where the Marshfield Country Club is now located. The walls are clad with vertical wood boards and a large fireplace (1920) is located along the east wall, flanked by doors which connect to the summer kitchen (Photograph 31). The hearth is laid with bricks and to the south of the fireplace is what is possibly the original well, which is approximately fourteen feet deep (photograph 26). The well has always been protected under an attached shed, which has contributed to its good condition. Along the east wall of the tea room are swinging doors, which lead into the barn and kitchen ells (photograph 32). The barn (1878) was connected to the tearoom in 1920 for use as a restaurant and gift shop. This area is now used as meeting space (Photograph 34).
The second floor of the barn contains four rooms and a bathroom, which were used for restaurant staff in the 1920s to the 1940s. These rooms are now used as a library and storage rooms. Interior walls in the barn are wood paneled partitions. The barn contains a "prep room" in its northern section, which connects to the kitchen ell. The prep room contains storage cupboards along the south wall and two sinks on the north wall. The kitchen contains ice boxes, sinks, and stoves which date from 1920 to 1940 (Photograph 35). The door on the east side of the kitchen leads into the garden and the door on the west side leads to the parking area. A small bathroom is located in the kitchen ell is accessed through an outside door to the south of the kitchen door. Attached to the north end of the kitchen is a small barn (1920) with a dirt floor, which is currently used for storage.
OUTBUILDINGS Included on the Winslow House site are several buildings, which are not directly associated with the Winslow House but have been moved to the property to ensure their preservation and to assist the Marshfield Historical Society with the interpretation of the town's early history. Contributing Buildings To the north of the Winslow House is the Daniel Webster Law Office (NHL 1974), a small, front-gable, one-story building, which was originally located on the nearby Thomas-Webster Estate (NR 1993) and moved to this site in 1965 to prevent its destruction through vandalism and neglect (Photograph 33). It was restored by the Marshfield Historical Commission and the Marshfield Historical Society and is currently owned by the Town of Marshfield and maintained by the Winslow House Association. Located to the northwest of the Winslow House is a very early structure (Photograph 36).
It was originally located on the site of the Josiah Winslow grant and was moved to this site in 1965. The building was remodeled as a blacksmith shop as a Bicentennial grant project and is maintained by the (continued) MPS Form 10-900e 8-00 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB Approvel No. 1021-0018 Isaac Winslow House Marshfield (Plymouth Co.), MA Section number _ 7 Page - / Marshfield Historical Commission and the Marshfield Historical Society. This one-story, side-gable building is clad in wood clapboards with a large, vertical wood door along its south elevation. building has small, fixed, six-light windows with simple surrounds. The roof is clad with wood shingles and a brick chimney extends from the north slope of the roof.
Additional research would be required to give an accurate date of construction for this structure. To the west of the Winslow House, along Webster Street, is the Marcia Thomas House (1835), a one-and- one-half-story, side-gable, Cape-type house owned by the Marshfield Historical Society and moved to the Winslow House property in 1997. The house is clad in wood clapboards on its facade and wood shingles on the roof and remaining elevations. The main entrance is centered on the facade (south) and consists of a wood door flanked by fluted pilasters and a blank entablature. Windows are twelve-over-twelve, double-hung sash with simple surrounds. A one-story rear ell (1979) extends from the north elevation. Despite its recent move, it is considered to contribute to the property's significance.
Non-contributing Building To the north of the Winslow House is a one-story, side-gable carriage house constructed in the 1970s to house three nineteenth-century vehicles, including a Concord Coach, Daniel Webster's Phaeton, and a Brougham that was owned by Samuel Fayette Curtis, president of the Old Colony Railroad (Photograph 37). Archaeological Description One prehistoric site is recorded on the Winslow House property and a high potential exists for the recovery of additional prehistoric resources. Thirteen prehistoric sites are recorded in the general area (within one mile). Little cultural information is known for the Edward Winslow Site (19-PL-36), the site recorded on the property. Recorded sites in the area, however, contain sufficient information to predict a wide range of site types and periods of occupation in the area.
Known sites contain lithic and ceramic artifacts representative of the Middle Archaic (8,000-6,500 B.P.) through Late Woodland (1,300-400 B.P.) Periods. Contact Period and earlier Archaic Period occupation is also expected in the area. Artifacts from these sites also represent a wide variety of functional activities. The above information combined with information from features and faunal materials indicate sites in the area range from smaller short term campsites, burials and shell middens to larger long term habitation sites. Environmental characteristics in the area also represent favorable locational criteria (slope, soil drainage, proximity to wetlands) for Native American sites. The nominated property is characterized by a well drained, level to moderately sloping landscape within 1000 feet of a small pond, bogs, fresh water springs and a marine related ecosystem.
The Duxbury Salt Marsh and related estuary is located to the south and east of the Winslow House. Given the above information, the size of the nominated property (continued) MPS Forme 10-900-e (3-09 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number Page - OMB Aaproval Na. 1021-0016 Isaac Winslow House Marshfield (Plymouth Co.), MA (approximately 20 acres) and limited historic development, the presence of prehistoric sites is documented on the property and a high potential exists that additional prehistoric resources will be found. There is also a high potential for the recovery of historic archaeological resources on the Winslow House property.
Since the Isaac Winslow House (1699) is still extant, most archaeological resources on the property should include structural remains from outbuildings and occupational related features (trash pits, privies, wells) associated with the various occupations of the house. Structural evidence from barns, sheds and possibly slave quarters may survive on the property. It is known that various members of the Winslow Family kept slaves. The original well for the house reportedly survives, however, the locations for privies and trash deposits are unknown. Archaeological evidence from outbuildings and occupational related features associated with the original Edward Winslow House or the Josiah Winslow House may also exist on the nominated property.
Archaeological investigations were conducted in the area but not on the nominated property in the 1940,s and 1970,s that recovered thousands of artifacts and structural evidence of one or both houses associated with Isaac Winslow's father and grandfather. Archaeological evidence may also exist from a tunnel that reportedly extended from the Isaac Winslow House to the Duxbury Marsh. Structural evidence from the house and occupational related features may also survive from the Marcia Thomas House (1835), moved to the northeast corner of the Winslow House Property in 1997. (end) Isaac Winslow House Name of Property 8. Statement of Significance