Nomination for Bunker Hill House

From the form

The catalogue entry the section above was filed under.

NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. 1. Name of Property historic name Bunker Hill House other names/site number_Bunker Hill Tavern; Hawes General Store (Pre-45-01) 2. Location street & number 7919 SR 177 (at Newcombe Street) - not for publication city or town Fairhaven, Ohio (Camden, Ohio mailing address) - vicinity state Ohio. Preble_code 135 _zip code 45311 3.

State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of1986, as amended, I hereby certify that this d nomination - request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places Signature of certifying official Ohio Historic Preservation Office -- OH SHPQ State or Federal agency and bureau Signature of commenting or other official 4.National Park Service Certification 1, hereby certify that this property is: entered in the National Register determined not eligible for the removed from the National Register other (explain): _ Entered in the Date National Register REGISTRATION FORM continuation sheet for additional comments.) National Park Service Signature of Keeper July 31,2001 See continuation sheet. requested.

If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, code _ county - and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property meets - does not meet In my opinion, the property -meets - does not meet the National Register criteria. (-] See continuation sheet for additional comments.) Date af Action the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant nationally ] statewide Ik locally. (L See 5. Classification Ownership of Property (Check as many boxes as apply) Check only one box) (Do not include previously listed resources in the count) X private Number of contributing resources previously listed in 6.

Function or Use Domestic/Single Dwelling, Hotel Commerce/Restaurant, Department Store Government/Post Office, Township Bldg. Recreation and Culture/Music Facility 7.

Description Early Republic/Federal Mid-19* Century: Greek Revival Glass windows-many old Lintels - Limestone Columns - wood (Describe the historic and current condition of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) roof Foundation site other Limestone structure district object Narrative Description public-State public-local Total public-Federal Materials Architectural Classification walls Current Functions Historic Functions building(s) Noncontributing Bunker Hill House Asphalt Shingles Category of Property the National Register Brick-Flemish and common bond (Enter categories from instructions) Number of Resources within Property Name of related multiple property listing Work in progress Preble County, Ohio (Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing.) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM Preble County, Ohio Fairhaven, Ohio. The Federal/Greek Revival style building (Photos 1 through 5) is nestled between the creek and State Route 177, the old turnpike route between Hamilton, Ohio, and Richmond, Indiana. Fairhaven, an unincorporated hamlet of less than 100 people, is located in the Four Mile Creek valley in rural southwestern Ohio. The property functioned as a commercial establishment that served a multitude of uses during the period from 1834 through 1923. It was a stagecoach stop, post office and a resting place for pioneers heading west and farmers driving their livestock to Cincinnati stockyards as wells as a source of supplies for residents in the Fairhaven vicinity.

The facility at one time or another operated as a tavern, way station, ballroom for dancing, general store (Photos 6 and 7), post office, private home and township building that included space for voting and a jail cell. Although at first glance the nominated property has the appearance of a single row building, it actually consists of five distinct building phases joined by main lodging house at the south end of the "row" is three stories in height. The foundation was constructed of locally quarried limestone, presumably extracted from Four Mile Creek. The original log tavern, built in 1832, was replaced with the current structure starting with the construction of the center residential section of the building in 1834 (Flemish bond) and the south section (Flemish bond) in 1838 [see floor plan]. the turnpike road.

The Greek Revival style north section is believed to have been built in 1862! shaped brick building (Attachment A) is 118feet long and 48 feet wide at the south end and 20 feet deep at the north end. The building, three stories high on the south and two stories on the north, contains twenty rooms totaling approximately 10,000 square feet under roof. On the first floor the building originally comprised a main entrance hall with spiral staircase (Photo 8), tavern (Photo 9), office (Photo 13). On the second floor, the building contained a ballroom (Photo 14), five "post boys" sleeping rooms, innkeeper's quarters and general store manager's quarters. The "post boys" rooms were small, almost closet-sized sleeping quarters used for boys or men employed on the postal routes.

The third floor contained two sleeping rooms and a notation dated May 5, 1844 [sic] lists the probable results of the 1844 presidential election. The property has remained relatively unchanged since the building was built. The pasture to the south of the building (Lot ' Based on information provided by Walt Mast. Description Page Bunker Hill House configuration with brick arched ceilings are located adjacent to the summer kitchen. storage area for barrels used to warehouse tavern beverages. The ballroom walls have never been painted.A pencil #33;Photo 15) and adjacent creek (Photo 16) have remained relatively undisturbed. Two large cisterns of beehive Section number 7 The Bunker Hill House is located in a picturesque village setting along the eastern bank of the Four Mile Creek in The building shares its construction and basic floor plan with the typical early taverns in the Midwest.

The roughly "L" The western dining room/summer kitchen addition was constructed in 1842 during the heyday of stagecoach travel along NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM Bunker Hill House Preble County, Ohio The building is constructed of red brick manufactured in Fairhaven. The east and south walls are three brick courses thick with 60 percent of the east elevation wall (southern section of the wall) laid in Flemish bond. All remaining exterior and all interior walls are two brick courses thick.

The south side of the building is flanked by 3' by 7' slabs of limestone, six inches thick, which served as a sidewalk for passengers exiting the stage coaches which unloaded at the south hallway The south elevation facing Newcombe Street, a platted paper street west of the turnpike, (Photo 2) has three entrances. The eastern-most door enters the tavern, the middle door into the entrance hallway and the western-most doorway into the dining room. All three doors have fluting on the side panels. The windows, reconstructed in the 1960s, are 9/9 on the first reinforce the joists of the dining room addition. The hallway door was the main entrance to the hotel, dining facility, tavern and ladies parlor. The stagecoaches and the building and watered in the Four Mile Creek adjacent to the pasture. The east elevation (Photo 3), which faces Main Street (State Route 177), has five entrances.

The general store entrance to those on the south elevations. The north elevation (Photo 4) has no windows in the gable ends. The summer kitchen has two 6/6 windows and a door. The servant's quarters above the kitchen has a six panel window and there is a 6/6 window on the third floor at the top of the spiral staircase, thus providing light for the stairway. The west elevation (Photo 5) is the rear of the building facing the back of the property and Four Mile Creek. The windows are identical to those on the south façade except the dining room windows have shutters to screen out the afternoon sun. entrance.

Page General Characteristics Section number Description (continued) transoms above the doors and the parlor has sidelights along each side of the door.The9/9 and9/6windows are identical The roof is covered with asphalt shingles; the east gutters are box gutters and the west gutters are metal. floor and 9/6 on the second and third floors.The lintels and sills are cut limestone. Small"S" shaped anchor irons the wagons and carriages spending the night, the horses and other animals were likewise retained in the pasture south of consists of two triple bi-fold doors with six-panel glass in the doors (Photo 6). The remaining four doors have glazed OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM Bunker Hill House Preble County, Ohio Description (continued) Specific Features (see Attachments B-D) The structure has twenty rooms with seven fireplaces, original Federal/Greek Revival style woodwork, five original built- in-cabinets of mortise and tenoned construction and four stairwells. There is a magnificent three-story high spiral staircase in the entrance hallway and three two-story stairwells including a servant's stairwell leading from the summer kitchen to the austere servant's quarters above the kitchen. The spiral staircase, attributed to the skilled local craftsman Moses Nelson, has a tubular wooden handrail, turned reeded architraves and pilasters accented by Federal style corner blocks.

The north section of the building is essentially a side passage, double pile, three bay dwelling. Along the inside of the north wall is a Greek Revival style mantel with flanking built-in cabinets. The consoles on the fireplace mantel resemble the console configuration in the transom above the front door. building marbleized baseboards. All of the interior doors are six panel wood peg constructed doors and some of the interior doors have transoms above the doors for ventilation. The floor plan has remained unchanged since the original construction. All of the interior and exterior walls are thick load-bearing walls and have not been relocated. However, several interior doorways were added in the walls to join the various sections of the building together.

entrance hall was removed and the first floor windows were changed to 1 over 1 sashes and on the second floor of the (Photos 20 and 21). There remains a 1" diameter hole through the second and third level floors for a rope from the bell on the roof to the first floor of the main entrance hall (Photo 8). The bell was utilized to notify the citizens when the Page Alterations to the property not sold.[See attached 1912 and 1998photos (Photos 18and 8,respectively).The main hallway door openings have south elevation to 2over 2 sashes; apparently to update the building to a more contemporary Victorian appearance balusters and open string staircase with a scroll end on the stair rail (Photo 8).The stairway was designed so barrels of NPS Form 10-900 Section number 7 (Photo 17). Henry Ford attempted to purchase the stairwell for $1,000 at an auction in 1938.

Fortunately, the stairway was Essentially all of the Federal style woodwork is original: fireplaces, doors, built-in cabinets (Photo #19) and the north stagecoach and mail arrived and at noon to summon everyone to dinner. spirits could be lifted by block and tackle up from the first to the third floor through the center opening in the stairs Alterations were made to the building exterior during the 1880s or early 1890s. A bell tower on the roof above the main OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM Section number _ Bunker Hill House Preble County, Ohio The restoration master plan calls for a return of the bell to the top of the building if adequate photos can be found that Several wood structure added over the years to the rear (west elevation) of the building were removed in the 1960s due to their deteriorating condition. The removal of these structures eliminated the ability to move from one section of the building to another on the first floor unless a person exited the building. A compatibly designed brick hallway was added in 1999/2000 to the rear of the building to restore first floor access functionality and to provide a utility corridor so HVAC and plumbing can be added without significantly altering the original building (Photos 4 and 5).

Deterioration and Rehabilitation The building was vacant from 1923 until 1961. Roof leaks during this period damaged the roof, a beam above the general store doors, and some upper level plaster ceilings. Some first level floors were also damaged due to inadequate under floor ventilation to remove moisture. The roofing and roof sheathing, the lower level floors and some windows have been replaced. A new beam was installed in the 1990s above the general store entrance to replace the rotted beam. During the beam replacement, a mint condition 1862 Indian Head penny was found under the bricks on top of the beam indicating the north section of the building was built in 1862, the height of the Civil War. The brick wall above the general store entrance was rebuilt using the original bricks from the wall.

Also during restoration of the door sill just north of the spiral stairs, and 1838 penny was found on the foundation stone indieting the south section of the building was built starting in Fortunately, the historic integrity of the facility has been maintained over the years. Postcards from 1912 (Photos 23 and Note: Two professional engineers and a professional architect have been involved in developing the renovation master plan. The slow, costly process of restoring the building is currently underway. Page detail the original design. Description (continued) National Park Service NPS Form 10-900 that year. The water-damaged ceilings (Photo 22) in several upper level rooms are part of the restoration master plan. 8. Statement of Significance

Statement of significance

(Mark "X" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property & A Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past. - C Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period,or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction. Property has yielded, or is likely to yield information important in prehistory or history. 1834, 1838. 1862. 1923 (Mark "X" in all the boxes that apply.) - A owned by a religious institution or used for (Complete if Criterion B is marked above) - B removed from its original location. - D a cemetery. - E a reconstructed building, object,or structure. - F a commemorative property. Nelson.

Moses of Camden, Ohio - Builder of significance within the past 50 years. Narrative Statement of Significance (Explain the significance of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) 9.

The rest of the file

Bibliography, boundary description, and the people who prepared and reviewed the nomination.

Major Bibliographical References Previous documentation on file (NPS) Primary location of additional data - preliminary determination of individual listing (36 - State Historic Preservation Office CFR 67) has been requested - Other State agency - previously listed in the National Register - Federal agency - previously determined eligible by the National - Local government - designated a National Historic Landmark - Other - recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey L recorded by Historic American Engineering Record 1834-1923 Commerce University Register Architecture Bibliography Architect/Builder religious purposes.

Criteria Considerations Spiral staircase Applicable National Register Criteria Property is: Cultural Affiliation Bunker Hill House for National Register listing) Name of repository: Significant Person (Enter categories from instructions) Period of Significance Areas of Significance Significant Dates Ohio Historical Society patterns of our history. Preble County, Ohio G less than50 years of age or achieved Ca birthplace ora grave. (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.) 10. Geographical Data (Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet) 1 16 691170 4389630 - See continuation sheet. Verbal Boundary Description Refer to the attached "Plat survey Comm #9397" for a verbal description of the property and a property map including the survey details for the land.

The nominated property includes the parcels historically associated with the Bunker Hill House. 11. Form Prepared By name/title Walter Donald Mast, Professional Engineer, and Steve Gordon, Ohio. Hist. Pres. Office date_November 24. 2000 and March, 2001 street & number_9827 Schlottman Road _telephone_ 513-683-3613 city or town Loveland _state_Ohio zip code 45140 Submit the following items with the completed form: Representative black and white photographs of the property. (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items) (Complete this item at the request of the SHPOor FPO.) Name_Walter D. and Marion E. Mast Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings.

Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.). instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Chief,Administrative Services Division, National Park Service, P.0.Box37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127; and the Office of Photographs organization Additional Documentation UTM References Boundary Justification Continuation Sheets Zone Easting Northing Bunker Hill House Property Owner Additional items Preble County, Ohio A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location. A Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources.

Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18.1 hours per response including the time for reviewing Acreage of Property 2.7 acres Management and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Project (1024-0018), Washington, DC 20503. Maps NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Preble County, Ohio Statement of Significance The Bunker Hill House, built in several stages from 1834 to 1862, is significant under National Register Criterion C as a locally significant and well preserved example of Federal-Greek Revival style "piketown" architecture in Preble commercial life for nearly a century, the Bunker Hill Tavern and later the Bunker Hill House and Hawes General Store is significant under Criterion A for its long commercial association with turnpike travel in rural Preble County, Ohio.

The Bunker Hill House survives today as one of the Ohio's most intact representations of "pike town" architecture with its linear plan featuring rear alleys or "back" streets bisected by a main street, or turnpike, embodies what cultural railroads, Fairhaven throughout the 19t century was solely dependent on the turnpike for its economic existence.

Perhaps no building type in 19th century Ohio was more prominently associated with overland travel than the inn or roadside tavern, a type some have called the "architecture of transportation." Bunker Hill House's intact interior woodwork and floor plan, including the tavern, public staircase, public dining room, and "post boys" sleeping rooms, along with its strategic location near a water source and alongside a historically significant road, are physical manifestations of a building type specifically constructed for public lodging and refreshment. Architecturally, Bunker Hill House exhibits several notable diagnostic features and regional variants of the Federal and Greek Revival styles.

replaced), reeded sofffits and panels, and flat limestone lintels and sills embody the distinctive characteristics of the Moses Nelson of nearby Camden, Ohio and the fluted-Doric entrance in-antis, stylistically similar to Plate 29 for an distinctive provincial variant also seen on the Robert Beckett House in Butler County (1837), the William Leflar House in Hamilton (1841) and the David Bundy House in Middletown (1836; BUT-49-8). " 1978) and the Twelve Mile House in Sharonville (c. 1842; NR 1976) are surviving examples of larger-scale, antebellum hotels/inns built in 3 Moses Nelson (1809-1886) was born in Bourbon Co., Ky and settled in Camden in 183land was elected sheriff in the 1860s. The 1850 census lists him as a carpenter; Asher Benjamin, Practical House Carpenter, plate 29; Simmons, "Greek Revival Architecture," p. 5.

Columbian House in Waterville (1828;NR 1969); Sloan's Block in Hanoverton (1831;NR 1977) Golden Lamb in Lebanon (1815;NR Federal and Greek Revival styles in southwestern Ohio.Especially noteworthy are the spiral staircase designed by Bunker Hill House 2Wilhelm,"The Road as a Corridor for Ideas,"pp. 260-262. County, Ohio.The impressive massing and scale of such a building ensemble in a small rural village setting are entrance in Asher Benjamin's The Practical House Carpenter. The scrolled console flanking the transom window is a small village settings. The Pennsylvania House in Springfield (ca. 1822; NR 1973) operated as a tavern in a larger town. The simple massing and proportioned vernacular fenestration of the four adjoined buildings evoke a characteristic local vernacular building tradition.

The Flemish bond masonry, nine-over-nine and nine-over-six window sashes (some NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Preble County, Ohio Statement of Significance After the defeat of the Indians and British in the War of 1812, western Ohio and the Northwest Territory became a safer environment in which to live and travel so the westward migration started in earnest. To facilitate westward travel, the Federal Government funded construction of the National Road from Cumberland, Maryland, to Vandalia, Illinois, from 1811 through 1837. However, many pioneers elected to travel west on river boats down the Ohio River to Cincinnati where they loaded Richmond, Indiana, on a turnpike (eventually State Route 177) completed ca. 1840 (Figure I).

In Richmond, the turnpike joined the newly completed National Road with access to Indiana, Illinois and points west. Since they could only travel about 20 miles per day, travelers frequently found overnight lodging in Cincinnati, Hamilton, Fairhaven and Richmond; each located about 20 miles distant from one another. In addition to travelers heading west, many local farmers and drovers rested and refreshed at the Bunker Hill House. Cincinnati, the sixth largest U.S. city based on the 1840 and 1850 censuses, was the nation's leading antebellum meat packing center so many farmers northwest of Cincinnati drove their livestock to the Cincinnati stockyards. They too sought room, board, and/or supplies in Fairhaven, Hamilton and Cincinnati. Early History of Fairhaven and the Bunker Hill House In 1805, James Caldwell, Sr., a Quaker from North Carolina, settled in the Fairhaven area.

The Quakers left North Carolina in part because they objected to slavery and also because of the lure of good farmland in Ohio. In 1832 Caldwell's son Jonathan platted the new village of Fair Haven (later shortened to one word; i.e., Fairhaven) and built Jonathan obtained the first tavern license on September 8, 1832 per the Preble County Ohio Common Pleas court records. It is believed he named the tavern the Bunker Hill Tavern in honor of his grandfather, John Caldwell, who was the quartermaster in Colonel Stark's regiment, which fought in the Battle of Bunker Hill in 1775. From 1834 to early 1837 David Richey owned the property and operated the log tavern. He also built the center section of the building, the innkeeper's residence, from 1834-1837.

In 1838 Richey's estate for the previous year was assessed *Preble County Courthouse: Liquor Licenses 1808-1840 and Auditor's Tax Duplicates, 1838; Abstract Indexes, Recorder's Office. Caldwell held a liquor license in 1832. Historical Background Bunker Hill House their life'sbelongings into Conestoga wagons and traveled northwest out of Cincinnati through Fairhaven to the first tavern, a log structure, on the Bunker Hill property to serve the growing turnpike traffic. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Preble County, Ohio Statement of Significance (continued) west sections of the building. Based upon informal structural observations, it is believed he built the three story south building comprising the tavern and ballroom in 1838.

Sometime after construction was complete on the new brick tavern, Evans tore down the original log tavern. County court records indicate on April 1, 1837 a "license [was] granted to Hiram Evans for Tavern in Fairhaven." Evans operated the Bunker Hill Tavern for 21 years from 1837 through 1858 and was the village postmaster for a period of time. He is listed in the 1850 federal census for Israel Township as a 42-year-old male engaged in "various" occupations. A widower at the time, Evans' household included four children and two boarders. He died in 1876 and In 1837 Fairhaven was described as "a new but flourishing post village in Israel Township Preble County. It is situated 9 miles southwest of Eaton and 9 miles north of Oxford in the county of Butler [sic] in the midst of a rich and dense population and within one mile of a steam sawmill.

It contains one store, one tavern, one physician, 25 dwelling houses and 100 inhabitants..' The race for town formation and village boosterism was common themes in early Ohio. According to one account, "Fair Haven, which was located in the same section [as nearby Claysburgh] and was one year old [1833], had received 'a boom' in its new tavern, By 1839 the Hamilton, Rossville, Darrtown and Fair Haven Turnpike (SR 177) was completed (Figure 2). The livestock to the Cincinnati stockyards all pastured their animals in the field just south of the Bunker Hill Tavern and Structural analysis conducted by Walt Mast.; Eaton Register Herald, n. d. Mast. Robert D. Evans was born in the Bunker Hill House on March 12, 1843. Jenkins, Ohio Gazetteer, p.177. Lowry, History Preble County, p. 242.

was buried in the hillside cemetery overlooking the Fairhaven Community Church.6 10horses each.The stagecoaches, the settlers heading west in their Conestoga wagons and the drovers driving their Bunker Hill House Cincinnati Omnibus Line operated by the Eastern Stage Coach Company provided horse-drawn service between watered their animals in the adjacent Four Mile Creek. Weekends featured dancing in the large ballroom above the 6 Audrey, Court Records, p. 160; Federal Census 1850, Preble County, Ohio; information provided by Evans family descendants to Walt the highest amount for property improvements in Fairhaven (Lots 34 and 35). In April 1837 Hiram Evans, a master bricklayer and plasterer from Bucks County, Pennsylvania purchased the property and subsequently built the south and Cincinnati and Richmond (Figure 2).

During its heyday, the tavern serviced forty or fifty teams a day consisting of 4 to and proved the more popular site for a village.8 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Statement of Significance (continued) tavern. The Bunker Hill Tavern was the social center of southwestern Preble County for many years. Gabriel Smith, a fine local singer and fiddler, entertained in the ballroom. "Old Gabe", as he was known, was a free black who lived in Mile Creek and entered the back of the Bunker Hill Tavern. When passage was clear, they were shepherded across the street to a quieter safe house on the south side of Newcombe Street, which had a hidden stairway to the attic. The next evening, when all was clear, they returned to the creek for another nightly trek.?

In 1849 the Eaton and Hamilton Railroad was begun and by 1852 the line was completed from Hamilton to Richmond, bypassing Fairhaven while serving the nearby communities of Camden and Eaton. Railroad service planned for Fairhaven was cancelled when some individuals absconded the railway funds despite the fact that construction had commenced. Traffic on the turnpike declined as the new railroad through Eaton facilitated travel west and to the In 1862, Edward Hawes (1825-1901), a native of Wayland, Massachusetts, purchased the Bunker Hill Tavern. His doctors had told him he had tuberculosis and needed to get fresh air. Consequently, Hawes migrated from Boston to the Hawes renamed the property the Bunker Hill House since he would not operate a tavern due to his wife's religious operated the store from 1862 until his death in 1901.

Upon his death, his daughter, Laura, took over the operation with the help of Louis Foley. The general store also served as the community post office for some time, at least until 1912. The mail was brought to the Bunker Hill House Post Office by what was called "The Star Route" from Hamilton to Richmond. There also was a "hack line" that carried mail, freight and passengers. From the 1870s to the 1910s, on the eve of motorized travel, a daily omnibus/stage coach also stopped at the Bunker Hill House on its way between Hamilton and Richmond. by the Friends of Freedom Society, Inc. traffic. Bunker Hill House convictions.He immediately added the general store and residence to the north end of the Bunker Hill House.He Preble County, Ohio clean country air of Fairhaven.An 1871 business directory listed"E.Hawes & Co.,dealers in Dry Goods, Groceries, History of Preble County, p.

232; In May 2001, the Bunker Hill House was designated an official Ohio Underground Railroad Historical site Population Schedules 1860, Manuscript Census lists Edward Hawes as a "saw miller"; Atlas Preble County, 1871. Hats, Caps, Boots, Shoes, Ready-Made Clothing, Hardware and General Merchandise."10 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Statement of Significance (continued) With the advent of the automobile in the early 1900s, consumers had greater mobility and could access larger stores in nearby communities. Like the introduction of rail service in the 1850s, this dramatic change in transportation caused the demise of the Bunker Hill House business once again.

The small general store in the tiny country village could not store, the quaint little village of Fairhaven has been lost in time, probably never to flourish again. Laura Hawes, who lived in the building until her death in 1923, was a nationally renowned collector of art, furniture, weaving and needlework. She traveled extensively, including a train trip to Mexico and California, in search of the building remained closed but contained her extensive collection. On October 12, 1938, an auction was held to sell the contents of the Bunker Hill House. Such notables as Henry Ford and John D. Rockefeller, Jr. were present due the priceless nature of the items that were for sale. After the sale, the building remained vacant for many decades.

Fairhaven was a self sufficient community in the early days with doctors, lawyers, a blacksmith shop, a tin shop, a sawmill, livery, buggy shop, a button factory which made buttons from clam shells found in the Four Mile Creek, and all of the other trades that made small towns viable. The Bunker Hill House was the hub of activity for the community heyday of the tavern during the 1830s through the 1850s. In those days, at least in Fairhaven, nothing moved faster than Bunker Hill House long survive and was closed sometime in the first or second decade of the 2o century. Since the closing of the general Fairhaven as a testament to the village's previous importance as a stop on the Hamilton to Richmond Turnpike.

a horse;not people;not merchandise;not news;not even ideas.Essentially only the Bunker Hill House remains in Preble County, Ohio Section number Page priceless antique furniture of rare designs in mahogany, rosewood and walnut. From Laura's death in 1923 until 1938 housing a hotel, tavern, dining room, post office and general store. The way of life was much different during the @Rochester JASPER FIGURE Fairhaven Locale MORGA CLA TON ULLIVAN Conneaut Toledo Carkiburg Fredonia 4 Hartford: John Paine, 1839.

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number Page LAW- BARREN Brownstowni SCOTT BUNKER HILL HOUSE PREBLE COUNTY OH Charles 9.000 LEWIS RUSH South Bend SPENCER Glasgow LIM United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Preble Co., OH FAIR HAVEN Scale 10 Rods or 165 Feet to 1 Inch. D. & H. Bostick Harriet A. Evans 68.57 0.85 EAST 230 CHERRY NEWCOMBE Page Bunker Hill House 2.05 ROAD Location of Bunker Hill Simpson Section number National Park Service Charles Map of Fairhaven, Preble County, Ohio, 1912. IN ISRAEL TOWNSHIP House & Lots 33 - 35. SCHOOL Iaura Hawes ággie C.Brown 0.73 Smith Hawes 4.18 Est. Norris Pierson PUBLIC Scouller NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Benjamin, Asher. The Practical House Carpenter. Boston: The Author, R. P.& C. Williams and Annin & Smith, 1830. Eaton Register. 28 January 1841; 30 June 1855. "Fairhaven Spans Two Hillsides and Two Centuries." Richmond Palladium-Item.16 December 1978. Hamilton, Rossville, Dartown [sic] Fairhaven Turnpike Road [map], 1839. Haven" Hamilton Daily News. 3 November 1962. Hawes, George W. Ohio State Gazetteer and Business Directory for 1860-61. Indianapolis: George W. Hawes, 1860. Hays, Jeannette F. "A History of Fairhaven, O." May 18,1961. History of Preble County, Ohio. H. Z. Williams & Bro., 1881. Jenkins, Warren. Ohio Gazetteer and Traveler's Guide. Columbus: Isaac N. Whiting, 1837. Lowry, R. E. History of Preble County, Ohio. Indianapolis: B. F. Bowen & Co., Inc., 1915.

Ohio Historic Preservation Office. National Register of Historic Places Nomination Files. Bibliographical References Bunker Hill House "Hamiltonian Purchases Historic Bunker Hill House;Former Twenty-Room Tavern Located in Fair National Park Service Preble County, Ohio "Biographical Sketch of Robert D. Evans." Eaton Register Herald. 6 April 1932. Correspondence. Cathy Nelson, Friends of Freedom Society to Walt Mast,10 March 2001. Directory of Preble County Ohio for 1875. Eaton: B. F. Morgan, 1875. Gilbert, Audrey. Preble County, Ohio, Common Pleas Court Records, 1808-1840. Vol l. Page Section number NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Ohio Historic Inventory, Pre-45-01, 1978. "Only Israel Township Veteran." College Comer News 7 April 1932. Pierce, Susan.

History of Fairhaven, Ohio. Ca. 1911. Preble County Court House. Auditors and Recorders Offices. Preble County Pioneers. Ca. 1940 Railsback, Mildred Holmes. "Bunker Hill Tavern." National History Magazine (April 14, 1947); Railsback, Mildred Holmes Watkins. "Post Roads, Hamlets and Taverns Preble County 1803-1943." D.A.R., 1943. Simmons, David A. "Greek Revival Architecture in the Domestic Structures of Butler, Preble and Warren County, Ohio". 1974. Titus, C.O. Atlas of Preble County. 1871. U. S. Census. Population Schedules, 1850; 1860. Israel Township, Preble County. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996): 256-284. 587-588. Bibliographical References (continued) Preble County, Ohio Bunker Hill House Old Bunker Hill House: Key to Village's Renewal." Cincinnati Enquirer. 6 September 1970. "Stagecoach Lines Recalled, Hamilton Trip took 9 Hours." Richmond Palladium.

18 November 1970. Wilhelm, Hubert G. H. "The Road as a Corridor for Ideas." in Raitz, Karl, ed. The National Road. Page Section number NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Preble County, Ohio Situated in the Northwest Quarter of Section Nine (9), Township Six (6), Range One (1) East, Isreal Township, Preble County, Ohio, and being all of a 1.883 acre tract of land described in Deed Book Volume 398, Page 54 and part of an original 78.00 acre tract of land described in Deed Book Volume 323, Page 641 in the office of the Preble County Recorder and being more particularly described as follows: Town of Fairhaven as shown in Plat Book Volume 1, Page 28: Thence along the centerline of said state route South 04 degrees 05 minutes 03 seconds East a distance of 236.40 feet from a railroad spike found for the Northeast corner of a 0.835 acre tract of land described in Deed Book Volume 366, 22.00 feet; Thence along the north line of said 0.835 acre tract and the south line said 1.883 acre tract South 67 degrees 13 minutes 26 seconds West a distance of 323.97 feet to an iron pin found for the Northeast corner of a 0.667 acre tract of land described in Deed Book Volume 384, page 395: Thence along the Northwest line of [nominated property] North 16 degrees 40 minutes 38 seconds East a distance of 532.18 feet to an iron pin found for the Northwest corner of said 1.883 acre tract: Thence North 28 degrees 43 minutes 59 seconds West a distance of 23.10 feet to an iron pin: Thence North 20 degrees 15 minutes 13 seconds West a distance of 204.51 feet, being the northwest corner of Lot #33.

Thence continuing North 88 degrees 16 minutes 1 second East a distance of .33 feet, thence South 23 degrees 43 minutes, 59 seconds East a distance of 12.94 feet. Thence continuing North 88 degrees 16 minutes 01 seconds East a distance of 190.63 feet to an iron pin. of said Village of Fairhaven: Bunker Hill House Page237, said spike being witnessed by an iron pin found South 67degrees13minutes 26 seconds West a distance of Commencing at a railroad spike found on the centerline of State Route #177, said spike found on the South line of the Thence continuing South 01 degrees 47 minutes 20 seconds East a distance of 366.75 feet to extreme Southwest corner NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Preble County, Ohio Thence along the South line of said village North 88 degrees 16 minutes 01 seconds East a distance of 36.12 feet to the point of beginning, containing 2.775 acres of land more of less and being subject to all legal easements and highways of record. The boundary includes the Bunker Hill House and the adjacent pasture to the south/southwest and a portion of Four Mile Creek where the horses and livestock were rested, fed, and watered overnight. This acreage includes (but does not totally comprise) the historical boundaries of the property. CONTINUATION SHEET National Park Service Bunker Hill House Section number Page NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number Photos Page Walter D.

Mast June, 2001, unless noted below 9827 Schlottman Rd Loveland, Ohio 45140 All information above applies to each of the photographs except photo 7, 18, 20, 21, 23, 24 and 25. The photographer's for those historic old photos is unknown and unknowable. 1. Façade and south and east elevations, looking NW 2. Façade and south elevation, looking N 3. Façade and east elevation, looking W 4. North and west (rear) elevations, looking S 5. West (rear) elevation, looking SE 6. Front of general store on east wall, looking W 8. Entrance hall showing spiral staircase, looking N 9. Tavern, looking S 10. Lady's parlor, looking E 11. Dining Room, looking S 12. Summer kitchen, looking W 13. General store, looking SW 14. Ballroom, looking S 15. Pasture south of building with Bunker Hill House in background, looking N 16. Creek west of building, looking S 17.

Spiral staircase, looking down from third floor 18. Spiral stairs first floor from 1912 photo, looking N 19. Fireplace and built-in cabinet in innkeeper's room, looking N 20. Façade and south and east elevations w/ bell tower & 9/6 first floor windows circa 1862, looking NW 21. Façade and south and east elevations without bell tower and 9/9 windows circa 1895, looking NW 22. Third level ceiling illustrating water damage, looking N 23. Post card of Bunker Hill House from 1912, looking NW 25. Sketch of 1840's stage coach that stopped at the Bunker Hill House Photographer: Fairhaven Location of original negatives: Date of photographs: Bunker Hill House United States Department of the Interior Preble County, Ohio 7.Front of general store in circa 1900's, looking W GRAPHIC SCALE IN FEET 33.00 (330) S 28°43'59"E 1.883 ACRES LOT 33 WALTER { MARION MAST LOT 32 O.R.

398-54 S01*43'59'E 1G 50 LOT 34 LOT 35 IEWCOMBE S RESIDENTIAL PROIGRT & STREET #177 Boundaries of Nominated Property MAIN PLAN OUTE 2.658 ACRES PASTURE PLOT 4.541 TOTAL ACRES BUNKER 100' COUNTY HOUSE -- NEW DIV § 50105 03 138.00 LINE 3.10.91.88N +CUT RESIDENCE REFERENCE SUBJECT CHECKED BY ATTACHMENT PREBLE KEEPER'S TAVERN DATE FIREPLACE FILE NO. COMPGOVNTY CUPBOARD POST PREBLE, OH - SUBJECT "POST Boys" Rooms DATE REFERENCE FILE NO. ATTACHMENT CHECKED BY COMFCOVNTY 12/30/97 FLOOR BALL Room SERVANT'S CUPBOARO HALL F.920 5/77 SP _ FILE NO. FOR TAVERN REFERENCE SUBJECT DATE Calculation and Sketch Sheet CHECKED BY ATTACHMENT PREBLE SHEET NO.

SCALE : /"= 16'o" ATTIC FAIRHAVEN Bunker Hill House CLAYS.BURG John Sloo Preble County, OH FIGURE Bunker Hill House Henry Marshall Lsevi Gard David Ra UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES EVALUATION/RETURN SHEET NAME : DATE OF 16TH DAY: DATE OF 45TH DAY: OTHER : N PDIL: N PERIOD: N PROGRAM UNAPPROVED: N COMMENT WAIVER: N ABSTRACT/SUMMARY COMMENTS: TELEPHONE REJECT RETURN DATE DISCIPLINE MULTIPLE 8/14/01 9/29/01 ACCEPT 10/18/01 REVIEWER RECOM./CRITERIA DATE RECEIVED: DATE OF WEEKLY LIST: REASONS FOR REVIEW: DOCUMENTATION see attached comments Y/N see attached SLR Y/N STATE & COUNTY: OHIO, Preble SOVTH AND EAST ELEIATIONS PREBLE BUNKER ELEVATION SOUTH VIEW BUNKER HILC EAST FLEVATION LOOKING PRE BLE COUNTY,OMO NORTH ELSVATION ELEVATION BUNKER HILL HOUSE MAST GENERAL STORE LOOKING *J.S.FISHER.

GRg PROVISION 1900 $ PHOTO SOUTH AT PREBLE COUNTY, OHO PHOTO House COUNTY, ONDO PREBLE WEST ELEVATION OAT nex PURE LA ROLLE VICTOR COUNTY, OHIO PHOTO PREBLe PHOTO BALL ROOM VIEW WITH THE BACK GPOUND COUNTY, ONIO PREBLe PHOTO DOWN 1912 LOOKING OHO BUNKER HILI HOT CIRCA 1912 MAINST TAKON CARD PHOto operating between here and Cincinnati Hamilton. This route was considered the Ohio River. The route is still used Illustration of a two-team coach of today by many motorists.

in the 1840s by way of Boston, Fair- the most direct one between here and CINCINNATI OMNIBUS LINE * RICHMOND, the Eastern Stage Coach Company, FAIRHAVEN, OHIO-IND DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES FAIRHAVEN QUADRANGLE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STATE OF OHIO STATE OF INDIANA OHIO_INDIANA FAIRHAVEN, ONID 640 000 FEET UNITED STATES INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA N3937.5 - W8445/7.5 DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS Mapped, edited, and published by the Geological Survey DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY UTm Insurance, Commerce Columbus, Ohio 43215 and Labor - Chair Commerce and Labor Ways and Means Fax: 614/466-7662 Energy, Natural Resources BWC Oversight Commission Scott R. Nein May 16, 2001 Dr. Amos J. Loveday State Historic Preservation Officer Ohio Historic Preservation Office 567 E. Hudson St.

Columbus, OH 43211-1030 I am pleased to support the nomination of the Bunker Hill House in Fairhaven, Ohio to the National Register of Historic Places. The Bunker Hill House, built in 1837, initially contained a tavern, ladies parlor, dining facility, ballroom and hotel. In 1862, a general store was added to the building to serve the needs of the growing community. During the majority of the 19th century, the building served as a way station of pioneers heading west, for drovers herding their animals to Cincinnati stockyards and as a source of supplies for local residents. The building was also a post office and stagecoach stop on the Cincinnati to Richmond route.

In addition, the building has been "designated as an official Ohio Underground Railroad Historic Site by the Friends of the Freedom Society, Inc.," only the second The Federal/Greek revival style three story brick structure contains twenty rooms totaling approximately 10,000 square feet under roof. The building contains a fine spiral staircase and the original Federal style woodwork. The building is privately owned and the owners are currently rehabilitating the building. The restoration of the building will be tremendous importance to preserving the early history of I would hope the Preservation Advisory Board would look favorable upon this project.

State Senator, 4th District Serving: Butler and Preble Counties 1-800-282-0253 614/466-8072 Sincerely, Council Subcommittee Rules SRN/smk Ohio Historic Society Preble County, Pension Systems and Environment State Senator Compensation Advisory Committees: Dear Dr. Loveday, Senate Building Ohio Senate site so designated in the county. Unemployment and 4th District REC'D BY OHPO REC'D BY OHPO MAY 2 12001 REC'D BY OHPO MAY 2 3 2001 THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS PHONE (937) 456-8143 EATON, OHIO 45320 FAX (937) 456-8114 Mark J. Goeke Gene Krebs May 21, 2001 Dr. Amos J. Loveday State Historic Preservation Officer Ohio Historic Preservation Office 567 East Hudson Street Columbus, Ohio 43211-1030 Preble County is pleased to support the nomination of the Bunker Hill House in Fairhaven, Ohio, to the National Register of Historic Places.

The Bunker Hill House, built in 1837, initially contained a tavern, ladies parlor, dining facility, ballroom and hotel. In 1862, a general store was added to the building to serve the needs of the growing community. During the majority of the 19th century, the building served as a way station for pioneers heading west, for building was also a post office and a stagecoach stop on the Cincinnati to Richmond route. In addition, the The Federal/Greek Revival style three story brick structure contains twenty rooms totaling approximately building will be of tremendous importance to preserving the early history of Preble County. We would hope the Preservation Advisory Board would look favorably upon this project. BOARD OF PREBLE COUNTY COMMISSIONERS Commissioner Mark Goeke, President AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER Sincerely, woodwork.

Commissioner Stan Spencer Ohio Historic Society PREBLE COUNTY Dear Dr. Loveday: The building is privately owned and the owners are currently rehabilitating the building.The restoration of the drovers herding their animals to Cincinnati stockyards and as a source of supplies for local residents. The building has been"designated as an official Ohio Underground Railroad Historic Site by the Friends of Commissioner Gene Kgebs 10,0oo square feet under roof. The building contains a fine spiral staircase and the original Federal style Stan Spencer Freedom Society, Inc.", only the second site so designated in the county. Page 1 of 1 05/16/2001 file://C:IWINDOWS\TEMP\Facade South Elevation 1 MVC-028S.jpg May 22, 2001 60th House District Butler & Preble Counties Finance & Appropriations 333 Sir Lawrence Drive Hamilton, Ohio 45013 Dr.

Shawn Webster Vice- Chairman State Representative Economic Development Office: (614) 466-5094 & Small Business Fax: (614) 644-9494 Jobs, Aerospace & Toll Free: 1-800-282-0253 Dr. Amos J. Loveday State Historic Preservation Officer Ohio Historic Preservation Office 567 East Hudson Street Columbus, Ohio 43211-1030 As Preble County's State Representative, I offer my support to the effort of nominating Bunker Hill House in Fairhaven, Ohio, to the National Register of Historic Places. During my campaign, I had the occasion to speak with Mr. Mast while he was working on the structure. I believe that the restoration of Bunker Hill House, could serve as a catalyst to other structures in Fairhaven following suit. Ohio House of Representatives 77 South High Street Columbus, OH 43266-0603 Sincerely, Subcommittee COMMITTEES: STATEHOUSE: DISTRICT: Education Dear Dr.

Loveday: Financial Institutions Technology Subcommittee Human Services Ohio Historic Society E-mail: rep6u@ohr.state.oh.us REC'D BY OHPO MAY 2 4 2001 MAY 3 1 2001 RECD DI John Hornbrook, President Tom Barnes, Vice-President Martin Homan, Treasurer Geraldine Caplinger, Secretary Dr. Amos J. Loveday Marty Bresher, Past-President State Historical Preservation Officer Ohio Historical Preservation Office Eldon Stewart, Dixon Twp. 567 East Hudson Street Columbus, Ohio 43211-1030 Rebecca Kisling, Eaton Betty McKnight, Gasper Twp. Fred Specht, Gratis Twp. James Lady, Gratis Marianne Marshall, Harrison Twp. On Behalf of the Preble County Historical Society, I would like to take this Stanley Wright, Israel Twp. opportunity to offer our support for the nomination of Bunker Hill Tavern located in Fairhaven, Preble County, Ohio, to the National Register. Robert Bruns, Jefferson Twp.

Todd Miller, Lanier Twp. Stephen Pope, Lewisburg James Corson, Monroe Twp. Joan Steinberger, New Paris Peggy Christian, Somers Twp. JoAnn Lange, 7win Twp. Denise Hoerst, Washington Twp. Bob Roach, At-Large Kevin Johnston, At-Large Barbara Brower, At-Large Nan Erbaugh, At-Large Jane Lightner, Executive Director Anna Carlson, Registrar/Curator Telephone 937-787-4256 Facsimile 937-787-9662 E-mail: prcohs@infinet.com Sincerely, Trustees Staff Officers Dear Dr. Loveday, Executive Director Jane Lightner Diana Crull, At-Large Susan Kendall, At-Large Gaton, Ohio 45320 Janet Jones, West Alexandria 7693 Snartsel Ra.