Major Bibliographical References (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.) Previous documentation on file (NPS): Primary location of additional data: - preliminary determination of individual listing (36 - State Historic Preservation Office CFR 67) has been requested - Other State agency - previously listed in the National Register - Federal agency - previously determined eligible by the National - Local government Register - University - designated a National Historic Landmark - Other _ recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey Name of repository: - recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number _ 8 Page _1 Pine Street School Northfield (Franklin), MA The Pine Street School is significant as an example of an early 20 century school built to accommodate the most current educational thinking and to meet the expectations of a small Massachusetts community.
For the town of Northfield the parallel private educational system, the Northfield Seminary, now Northfield-Mt. Hermon Academy, dated from the first decade of the 1gth century and acted as a stimulus to the public educational system, a stimulus that found its most advanced expression in construction of the 1904 Pine Street School. Indoor bathrooms, heating by furnace, and a ventilation system were provided for the first time in a Northfield school as townspeople made the link between improved physical conditions and improved health and learning abilities of its children. Between 1904 and 1940 the school was an important community setting for the national and local events that affected the town and for the education of many of the town's citizens by teachers who were active in community life.
The school is an excellent example of an architect-designed Colonial Revival elementary school, pragmatic in function yet dignified in appearance and an example of the work of a western Massachusetts architect whose years of activity spanned the turn of the century, Augustus Holton. buildings constructed by the town's important designers, the Stearns family. The school meets National Register criteria A and C, and retains integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association. It is of local significance. Colonial Period 1650-1776 In spite of its perilous history during King Philip's war, the town of Northfield followed the timetable of most settlements in establishing education for its children.
Formal education is first recorded in 1721 when Elizabeth Arms Field taught pupils in her home, charging 4 pence a week during the twenty-two weeks of warm weather. Her daughter Joanna took up Elizabeth Field's work as the second teacher in town, and by 1736 the town had grown to the point that it required a schoolhouse. One was built in the common land that became Main Street, a suitable location for the town's school as well as its meetinghouse. The 1736 school was replaced in 1748 by a second building. It appears that school classes continued to be held in Northfield until the French and Indian war so threatened the town that the school was suspended for two years between 1756 and 1758. The County Court intervened then to require the town to attend to its responsibilities and reestablish its schooling.
Shortly thereafter, in 1761, Seth Field was hired to teach school for fall and winter classes and the following year a new schoolhouse was built to replace the earlier one. Town reports explain that townspeople felt that the schoolhouse had grown shabby in comparison to a new meetinghouse that had been built in 1761. The new schoolhouse was as spartan as its contemporaries in the rural towns of Massachusetts, however, it was a single room, 20' x 21' in dimension.
Federal Period 1776-1830 During the Revolution, Northfield continued to have a single school district and a single (continued) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number - Page _ 2 Pine Street School Northfield (Franklin), MA schoolhouse whose classes were taught by Seth Field until 1781, but public education was exclusively for boys, and girls were taught reading and writing independently in local homes. In 1781 the town voted to create three school districts and three schoolhouses in"the street," referring to the common land that made up the main thoroughfare through Northfield. Ten small additional schools in outlying areas of town were set up to accommodate pupils outside the center.
The districting and school construction represented the town's decision to increase its expenditures to improve school conditions and make it easier for children to get to a school. In the Center the three districts functioned until they were combined into a single district with a new schoolhouse in 1800, a two-story school known as Union Hall. Union Hall was multipurpose as classes were held on the first floor; the second floor was used for meetings, and at one time by the builder Calvin Stearns as office space. Public education was still only for boys. Providing for district schools during the Federal Period was haphazard with each district attending to its school's needs.
Townspeople were aware of the inequities this independence brought about so they appointed a superintending committee of local citizens that would buy wood to heat the schools, hire teachers - at $2 a week - and make arrangements for teachers's board in local homes - at $1 a week. Each district however continued to act quite independently of the others in regard to its courses and teaching standards and guarded their ability to control the school and its costs zealously. The quality of education varied significantly as a result of each district's disparate abilities and inclinations to support the school. In Northfield Center a second school district was created in 1802 near Pine Meadow Brook in the eastern section. Known as the East Northfield district, it was later to be served by the Pine Street School.
Meanwhile in 1805-06 a private school for girls was opened in the Center on the second floor of Union Hall by Sally Williams, who thus began a tradition that continued with few interruptions of private schooling for Northfield's girls. Many of Williams's students went on to teach in the local district schools. By 1810 girls were allowed to enter public schools, but a parallel tradition of private schooling was continued by Patience Bancroft who ran a school from 1814-1816 in Union hall for a nine-month school year. Hannah Blake followed with a similar school in 1821, and Union Hall was also the site chosen by Emily and Eliza Draper, each of whom successively ran a select school for girls for several years. It wasn't until 1829 that Northfield's students could study beyond the elementary grades, or common school.
In that year, a group of local citizens organized a private upper-level school for classical studies for both young men and women. The education-minded group realized that public education was lagging behind the private schooling available to young women, and further, that students, and in particular Northfield's young men, were receiving only the most practical of educations; most were not prepared to go to college. The new institution was optimistically called the Northfield Academy of Useful Knowledge and operated until 1843.
Early Industrial Period 1830-1875 In 1836 the Massachusetts Board of Education was created and, under the leadership of Horace (continued) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number _ 6 Page - Pine Street School Northfield (Franklin), MA Mann, began to raise teaching standards and make them more uniform among towns. Mann set the limit of students who could be taught by one teacher at 40, but small class size and uniform teaching standards were only two of the problems that Northfield faced. Town Reports for this period continually stressed that students attended irregularly, that there was no established set of courses and students were found to be repeating work each year, thereby making no progress.
The East Northfield district, or District #2, had a one-room school on Main Street across from the home of evangelist Dwight L. Moody; attendance was optional and very irregular. According to Betty Congdon in the Northfield Community News, Moody himself was one of the school's irregular scholars. Northfield's districts continued to set their own standards varied greatly from district to district despite Mann's efforts. Town sentiment, however, began to shift towards improving conditions. In the 1870s there were 13 districts in town, only 10 had students, school only lasted 26 weeks and teachers were coping with mixed age classes of up to 40 children between the ages of 5 and 18 in - a single classroom. Teachers quit regularly. It was in these conditions that Rev.
Moody of Northfield founded the Northfield Seminary for young women in 1879, a private school with standardized and high level of education. The school took young women aged 15 and up and for $100 a year tuition and board, and gave them a comprehensive education by an accomplished staff. The Seminary appears to have had some effect during this period on Northfield's public education as Seminary graduates, who were among the best educated teachers available, occasionally taught in a district school for a year or two. Although the cost of Moody's private education was beyond the reach of most of Northfield's families; the excellence of the education stood as an example for the community to strive for.
Industrial Period 1875-1915 Whether the education committee was comparing its schools to Northfield Seminary or not, they wrote their evaluation of Northfield's district schools in the Town Report for 1875 as having too few teachers, no curriculum, too many schools, and poor schoolhouses. Over the next five years Reports consistently outlined these conditions. Tardiness and absence were always a problem, but now it appeared to the townspeople that the root of the problem was the old district system that they considered outmoded. The solution growing in public estimation was a town system, and beginning in 1880-81 there was also a call to add a high school to the school system. Educational change is often slow and it wasn't until 1883 that voters abolished districts.
Leading the reform movement in town, the school committee proposed a public high school assuring parents that if they could not transport their students to town to classes they could board them in town. The committee also advocated an additional two weeks of schooling from 32 to 34 as it was "stinting" at 32. Duringthe Industrial Period, New England was the center of various movements to improve living conditions not only in its industrialized cities, but also in its rural towns and villages. One aspect of greater attention to the individual was the concept of childhood as a distinct period of life; and the need for society to protect and guide its children.
Society's changing attitudes to childhood and education sifted down to the local level and in Northfield ideals of moral behavior and physical health that were developed in the larger social movement began to appear in Town Reports as goals in education. The 1884 school committee report lists educational problems as irregular (continued) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number - Page - 4 Pine Street School Northfield (Franklin), MA attendance due to sickness and slack parents, and the difficulties of keeping satisfied teachers. Adults were cautioned to be better models and not to discourage students by criticizing teachers. This theme of moral and physical health appeared again in 1886 when the school committee identified poor ventilation as the worst problem in the schools.
The school committee, in an increasingly stronger argument for better schools, made the link between health and performance, asserting in 1886 that pure air in the school meant good blood forthe students which led to brainpower and free nerves. What they were recognizing was that spartan schoolhouse conditions had not improved appreciably over the past decades: 25-30 students were still in a single, wood-stove-heated room that measured 12 to 15 square feet. The conditions of the common outhouse were often poor. Meanwhile at the state level, educators were lobbying for measures to assure quality of education and that year legislators passed a law requiring towns to provide books for their students. Northfield followed its mandate.
With a limited budget the town had to choose among desirable improvements, and Northfield had to provide free textbooks and supplies to students at an expense of $1.05 per child - rather than improving physical conditions. The schoolhouse in district #2 was moved from its Main Street location in 1889 to Pine Street. The land was donated to the town by A. H. Moody and the Town Reports for that year record that the town paid $160 for the move "with an interruption of only about two days to the fall term" and observed that, "this house now has one of the best locations in town." In 1892 the school in its new location on Pine Street was basically a good building yet neglected, and the lack of money for schools was responsible for no repairs having been made to it since 1889. Evidence of an effort to improve teaching, though, appeared in 1892 -- a teachers' convention was held in Town Hall.
In 1893 the report from the School Committee explained that the course of study and methods of instruction in the town's schools aimed at independent thought and responsible actions, but in that regard the town still had serious problem with absentees. There was some improvement the following year (1894) as the school committee summarized the town's situation as having some good and some bad schools, an improvement in attendance but an indifference among students that was now limited more to those between the ages of 13 and 15 Striving for improvement came from all sides as students of the District 2 school joined the other two center school students in getting up an entertainment to raise money for library books. If the daily lives of students were slowly improving, those of teachers were improving slightly as well.
At the East Northfield district, teacher Lucy Alexander in 1895 earned $192.00 per year and apparently satisfied, she remained in her position. But schoolhouses were still far from comfortable. The East Northfield School was heated by wood that Willie Alexander provided for $12.60 a year and Ms. Alexander hadan average of thirty pupils a term. A major improvement for teachers and students, however, took place in 1896. The town took advantage of a Massachusetts 1893 amendment to an 1888 act directing the state to make payments to towns to enable them to hire school superintendents. In 1896 J.E. Warren was hired as the first superintendent for Northfield's schools.
Warren's duties were ambitiously described as to select teachers, direct their training, arrange the courses of study in the schools, to select books and supplies, promote and grade pupils, control attendance, and oversee school buildings and their furnishings. As superintendent, Warren was explicitly directed to improve the sanitary conditions at the schools for the moral and physical environment of children. (continued) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number - 8 Page _ 5 Pine Street School Northfield (Franklin), MA Improvements were immediate. In 1897 Anna L. Thompson at East Northfield or District #2 school had 52 pupils, but usually only 31 attended.The following year her teaching load was split among three teachers, Anna Thompson, Lucy Bright and Alice Dwight.
With fewer pupils, the standard of teaching was raised. Attendance was better, the town took better care of its school buildings and outhouses, and at #2, a new method of heating and ventilating was installed. Music, drawing, and nature study were introduced into the grades; healthy exercise and aesthetic, ethical, and religious values were regularly taught. Teachers' pay was also increased. In 1900 teacher Alice Dwight at #2 got $360 a year, almost twice as much as Lucy Alexander had received five years earlier. Kindergarten was also introduced into the schools this year. In sum, the town was trying to bring its schools into harmony with the Massachusetts school system to follow the best educational thought of the day that included free normal schools, free textbooks, plans for skilled supervision, compulsory attendance and prevention of child labor. Not all improved uniformly.
In 1902 state attendance average was 92% but in Northfield it was only 85%. The East Northfield school in 1902 had now declined to poor condition -bad for scholars and for teachers - and a new schoolhouse was clearly needed. For the year of 1903 the town spent only $161.93 for repairs to all of its schools from a total school budget of $5,613.95. The town was spending less on educating its pupils than many other towns. The state average expenditure was $7,313. While Whately spent $6,496, Northfield only spent $4,421. The number of pupils was so large even the most highly educated teacher could not work satisfactorily, and often school in East Northfield was cancelled because the classrooms were too smokey or too cold. There were more than 50 students and the school was divided into four primary grades and four grammar school grades.
In 1903 an additional room had to be rented to house its pupils. The three previous teachers had left and were replaced by only two, Lottie Evans and A. A. Quimby. The School Committee, now consulting with the Superintendent, laid out its requirements for a new schoolhouse that revealed their desire to have a new building with all the improvements that they knew contributed to the physical and moral growth of their children. Yet the same Yankee ethic was at work that had dominated decisions on schoolhouses since the 18* century: the new school, they dictated, should have three elements, heat, ventilation and sanitation, but beauty and comfort were recommended only as far as the town could afford. Fortunately, it appears that the town felt it could afford a good measure of beauty and comfort and the Pine Street School was constructed between 1903 and 1904.
At the time of its construction the school exemplified the most modern school facility available. It had a furnace for central heating, a planned ventilation system and, as the school was on the town's water system it had separate toilets for boys and girls in the school basement, a first for a Northfield school. On the interior finishes were appropriate with the period's standard materials, plaster walls with beadboard wainscotting and the best of chalkboards. According to local historian.Herbert Parsons, the cost of the school was $4,000. Architect for the Pine Street School was Augustus C. Holton who had been born in Northfield in 1850, a member of a family that had lived in the town from the time of its settlement. Holton lived and practiced architecture in Westfield at the time the school was constructed.
He had left Northfield for Westfield to study architecture in 1871, then ran anactive practice for 25 years, and according to his 1908 obituary, nearly every street of Westfield had one of his buildings on it. Holton andhis brother Samuel who lived in Northfield were often selected for work in the town. Augustus designed Memorial Hall and the High School and Samuel constructed them. Both (continued) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number _ 8 Page _° Pine Street School Northfield (Franklin), MA Samuel and Fred Holton constructed the Pine Street School. Samuel was listed on the 1900 census as having been born in 1844, and Fred was working as a 27-year-old carpenter.
Fred later became the chairman of the Northfield Board of Selectmen and a member, with his wife Julia, of the 250*h anniversary celebration of the town. In comparison to Holton's Westfield schools, the much smaller, frame Pine Street School seems to be closer to the one-room schoolhouse than an architectural expression of 20t century educational progress.
Northfield's available budget and under-anticipated school population may have played a role in the school's size and design, but more important, the schools is sensitive in scale and materials to its residential neighborhood where 2½ story clapboard-covered houses predominate: It fits the definition of a small neighborhood school, yet harmonizes well with the Northfield-Mount Hermon campus buildings a block away.Holton designed the school for $125 in the most popular style of the period, the Colonial Revival and while the building was relatively modest in scale, it fit well into the context of Northfield's existing architecture being clapboard covered, provided with generous stylistic detailing and a complex form that was both attractive and functional. With an eye to making the most of its visual impact, Holton set the school on high brick foundations on a raised portion of the lot.
The Holtons, Augustus, Samuel and Fred were active in Northfield. As Augustus was the architect, Samuel and Fred were contractors for the Pine Street School. Samuel, Augustus' brother, was listed on the 1900 census as having been born in 1844, and Fred in that year was working as a 27-year-old carpenter. Fred later would become chairman of the Northfield Board of Selectmen and a member, with his wife Julia, of the 250 anniversary celebration of the town. Following the Pine Street School, Augustus Holton was selected to design the new high school (1911), and in it a Memorial Hall; Samuel Holton constructed them. The High School follows the model Holton set for Westfield's schools. It is a large brick school building on Main Street, Classical Revival in style, that reflected its importance as the town's first public high school building The school was completed after February of 1904.
School desks were provided by George N Kidder and Company,lumber by H.A. Reed, and the Fleming and Crown Company did the heating and plumbing. Samuel Holton was not only one of the co-contractors but also did masonry work. The old school remained on the property as Samuel Holton bought it from the town for $50 in 1904. It may have remained in the neighborhood as an outbuilding into the 1930s. While the new school lot was itself rather small in size, land behind the school was owned by the Colton family who kept it mowed so it could be used as a playing field. The new school was tested quickly. By 1906 the town had 253 children between ages of 5 and 15 and the newly constructed Pine Street School with its two first floor classrooms was already crowded.
At the time of its construction, the two-story school had been finished off for classrooms on the first floor only, but the high attic space was intended for eventual expansion and classrooms were fit out in it. Not unrelated to crowded classrooms, in three successive years epidemics hit the schools; (continued) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number _ Page - 7 Pine Street School Northfield (Franklin), MA measles in 1906, scarlet fever in 1907 and whooping cough in 1908. When this happened the town's schools were generally closed to stop the spread, but finally a doctor was hired to do physical exams of students and when smallpox broke out in Brattleboro in 1908, children were vaccinated at all Northfield's schools. Mindful of children's dental health as well, Northfield's dentist Dr.
George Thompson volunteered to examine children's teeth for free on Saturdays. In 1911 a new public high school was constructed which was a relief to the center, but not to Pine Street School that in 1912 was overly crowded and had no more unfinished space for classroom expansion. Two teachers continued to cover the primary and grammar school grades at Pine Street. Viola E. Haven who taught the 38 pupils of grammar school grades 5-8 was a high school graduate of Athol, and Lottie Evans who taught 42 children in the primary grades 1-4 had graduated from the Northfield Seminary, also high school. For their work in overcrowded classrooms of mixed ages, Haven got $50 a month and Evans got $44.
Adding pressure on the schools was the fact that the compulsory age for school attendance in 1913-14 remained 7-14 years, but new legislation was passed that extended it to 16 unless students had certificates to work at home or to be employed elsewhere. Education in Northfield's Industrial Period, and by extension at Pine Street School, made important progress with the health and well-being of its students. Improvements to their well- being were intellectual as well as physical, and included expansion of the curriculum to include cultural education in music and art, of their physical well-being in exercise and health care. The Pine Street School typifies the town's struggle to achieve modern education for a growing school age population within a limited budget and long-standing thriftiness among its residents.
The school was architecturally well-designed and built by one of its founding families, yet only the first floor was finished so it could be expanded at a later date; music and drawing were introduced into its curriculum, but two teachers had to manage four grades each. Early Modern Period 1915-1945 The Early Modern Period saw a significant shift in education in Northfield and the children of Pine Street School were a part of the shift. While children's health continued to be addressed through the schools, national and world events influenced school curriculum and school activities as never before. The effect of World War I on the town and its schools appears most prominently as a fuel shortage and a debate took place on whether it would be more efficacious to heat by wood than by coal. It appears that Pine Street continued to be heated by coal.
We know that the turnover of teachers diminished as conditions improved, and that many of the teachers long remained respected members of the community after their retirement. In 1915 Northfield ranked fifth in Franklin County in per pupil payments, and parents organized the first Parent Teacher Association. The level of education at the school was high, so that three of the great grandsons of Dwight L. Moody attended the school during the period. One became head of the Powell Insurance Agency, another a school principal, the third was a trustee of Northfield Mt. Hermon (continued) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number _ Page - Pine Street School Northfield (Franklin), MA In 1918 the State mandated that towns over a certain size were to pay not less than $550/year to their teachers.
Northfield was below the minimum level so it was needed to expend an additional $1000 a year to meet the mandate. There were now 76 students at the Pine Street School with two teachers. Influenza hit the schools that year and because the schools were closed to limit spread of the disease, an extra half hour was added each day during the last few months of the school year to make up the time; but in general Northfield's pupils were not as heavily hit by the disease as in other parts of the state. The 1920s saw consistent improvements in education. In 1928 the town voted to introduce manual training and domestic science and both were soon taught to Pine Street's sixth grade. The school's two teachers, Misses Sheldon and Kimball, were assigned to the lower floors at the school in 1928 and a school system nurse and doctor began caring for students in September.
They used the second floor coat room as an examining room. The town voted to introduce electricity at the east school, along with a system of bells and gongs. Meanwhile the school committee worked on providing more room in the school for a playroom. In 1929 the Pine Street School had 42 boys and 31 girls in grades 1-8. But in that same year malnourished children were showing up in the doctor's examinations in addition to the common problems with tonsils, adenoids, and impetigo. Whether malnutrition statistics were due to the fact there was now a full time nurse and school doctor available to monitor the children, or whether they were a reflection of the Depression is not certain, however, nutritional advice was sent home to parents to improve the situation. In 1930 Miss Truesdell replaced Viola Haven and Dorothy Tatman taught the middle grade room.
In 1931 there was yet another new teacher, Harriet Mills who was a graduate of Fitchburg Normal school, an improvement in teacher credentials. The school was given a new basement furnace; it had adequate water pressure and modern sanitation. The combination of better health care and improved conditions in the school may have been partly responsible for fact that Northfield's children escaped polio. The number of pupils in the school jumped in 1932 when children from the closed Mountain district school were brought by car to Pine Street School. So there were 50 boys and 28 girls. In 1932 it jumped to an all time high of 82. In 1933 the school superintendent described that the Depression brought a decrease in the amount of money needed to run the schools, yet an increase in the number of pupils. He glumly summarized the state of affairs as, ...decline in every phase of human endeavor".
To meet the reduced budget they reduced the schools's year, postponed repairs, reduced salaries, and did not buy new texts. Music instruction was simply cancelled. The number of students at Pine Street declined slightly to 78. But the following year of 1934 saw a rise in morale if not in conditions, due it was felt to a strong s rehiod eut n 9as he dectr vas e seang o o martin an atd rand number was 49 students. In 1937 new toilets were constructed at the school and enrollment was down to 64. (continued) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number _ 8 Page - Pine Street School Northfield (Franklin), MA In 1938 the Pine Street 8" grade was transferred to the center school and the West School upper room went to Pine Street so that there were 78 pupils in 1s through 7" grades.
Malnutrition continued to affect 69 children that year: too high a rate, the doctor noted. In 1939 Pine Street School was fireproofed, but in 1940 the Center school burned down which precipitated wide-spread changes in the school system. A new school was built in the Center and the town consolidated its schools to the Center to attend the fireproofed building. Sixty percent of the town's students were bussed to the new school, and although it had been fire proofed the year before, the Pine Street School was closed for the consolidation. The school remained closed for three years until it was reopened in 1943 as a town museum. Joseph R. Colton, Northfield Historical Society director conceived of using the school in this way and was the first curator- custodian.
Modern Period 1945-present The Pine Street School has continued in use as a museum and repository of school and town artifacts collected and displayed by the Northfield Historical Society. Technically still in town ownership, the building is being transterred to Historical Society ownership..It is one of only five remaining of the thirteen Northfield schools dating from the 19*h 'and early 20* centuries. One is abandoned and severely deteriorated, one has been converted to a residence, and the third is in use, relatively unchanged, as a Veterans' building. Archaeological Description While no Ancient Native American sites are recorded on the school property, sites may be present. Eight sites are recorded in the general area along tributary streams and on the floodplain of the Connecticut River.
Environmental characteristics of the nominated property indicate the presence of locational criteria (slope, soil drainage, distance to wetlands) that are favorable indicators for many types of ancient sites. These criteria are similar to known sites in the general area. The East Northfield School is located on a well drained, level to moderately sloping floodplain terrace of the Connecticut River. An unnamed pond and wetlands are located within 1000 feet of the property. The Connecticut River is located approximately 2000 feet west of the school. In spite of the above information, the potential for locating ancient Native American resources on the school property is low.
Movement of the district #2 schoolhouse from Main Street to the Pine Street site in 1889, related construction for the site of the schoolhouse, potential outbuildings, and construction of the existing school, which has a full basement, on the small lot (.67 acres), would have adversely effected the integrity of any ancient Native resources present on the property. The potential for locating historic archaeological resources on the school property is high. The District #2 schoolhouse, moved to the Pine Street site in 1889, remained on the property, after construction of the existing school in 1903. Structural evidence may survive from the earlier school and an outhouse that may have been present. Trash pits and artifact scatters may also exist on the property. No land use has been identified on the site prior to 1889.
(end) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number _ Page - Pine Street School Northfield (Franklin), MA Bibliography Annual Reports of the Selectment, Overseers,Together with the Reports of the School Committee, Treasurer, Collector, Cemetery Commissioners, Trustees and Librarian, Northfield 1875-1945. Beers atlas of 1871. Calendar of Northfield Seminary, Boston, 1887. Census of Massachusetts, 1900. Congdon, Betty. "Remembering the Pine Street School", typescript, adapted from and article in Northfield Community News, December 2000. Downs, Robert. Horace Mann: Champion of Public Schools, New York, 1974. Martin, George. The Evolution of the Massachusetts Public School System, New York, 1894. Parsons, Herbert Collins: Puritan Outpost, New York, 1937.
Scrapbook of news clippings from Gazette & Courier, 1905-1952, Northfield Public Library. Temple, J. H. and George Sheldon. History of Northfield, New York, 1875. 250" Anniversary Celebration of the Town of Northfield, 1923. 1795 map of Northfield 1830 map of Northfield. (end) Pine Street School Name of Property Franklin, MA County, State 10. Geographical Data Acreage of Property .67 acre UTM References See continuation sheet. (Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet) 1. 18 Zone 709010 Easting 4473100 Northing 2. Zone Easting Northing Zone 4 Zone 3 Easting Easting - See continuation sheet Northing Northing Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.) Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet.) 11.
Form Prepared By name/title_Jean Kozloski, NHC and Bonnie Parsons, PVPC, with Betsy Friedberg, NR director, MHC organization_ Massachusetts Historical Commission -date January 2002 street & number. 220 Morrissey Boulevard _telephone 617-727-8470 city or town Boston stateMA _ zip code 02125 Additional Documentation Submit the following items with the completed form: Continuation Sheets Maps A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location. A sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. Photographs Representative black and white photographs of the property.
Additional items (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items) Property Owner (Complete this item at the request of the SHPO or FPO.) name Town of Northfield, MA street & number_ 69 Main Street telephone _ 413-498-2901 city or town Northfield _ state MA zip code 01360 Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.).
Estimated Buurden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18.1 hours per response including the time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Chief, Administrative Services Division, National Park Service, P.0. Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127; and the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Project (1024-0018), Washington, DC 20503. 8200 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number_10 Page - oa No. 1024-0014 Pine Street School Northfield (Franklin), MA Verbal Boundary Description Please see attached assessor's sheet, Map 17A, Northfield, Lot 3.
Boundary Justification The boundaries have been drawn to follow the lot lines historically associated with the Pine Street school. Although near the existing Main Street Historic District (NRDIS, 1982), the distance between the school and the district is such that an extension to existing district is not feasible. (end) PHOTOGRAPHS Taken by Jean Kozlowski, September 2000 Negatives at Massachusetts Historical Commission 1. 2 3. 4 Front of the school, facing N with porch and hip roof. East end of the building as well as the front of the building. West side of the building, including a view of the back and fire escape. Side view of front porch and schoolyard. 10A PINE 10 29 s" 1.04 Ac 17 -SaNO -NK/A- -STREET - 1.09 ACC -203 203 Ac 20.0O 16 18 17B ORICINAL PROPERTY MAPC NERE PREPARSD UONC PHOTOCRAMME TRIC METHOOSBYCSHERA MAPOICEHC COVOLSTOH DATES7471973 ASRIAL CARTOGrAPHIC Assoc.
THE MAPS ARE REMSED AMD REPRINTED BY PURPOSES ONLY. IT IS NOT VALIO FOR LEGAL DESCRIPTIOM OR CONVEYANCE. BAUSNT TACT PO RA 061 A 10A 18A B 23 -MORICI: ASTXFS 1415 220 2/012 14 13 AMENUE LEGEND 17B SCALE 1- 100 NO PARON A-1S A-I0 A-2 REWSED t0 : January 1,2000 PROPERTY MAPS NORTHFIELD MASSACHUSETTS MAP NO.
17A UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES EVALUATION/RETURN SHEET REQUESTED ACTION: NOMINATION PROPERTY East Northfield School NAME: MULTIPLE NAME : STATE & COUNTY: MASSACHUSETTS, Franklin DATE RECEIVED: DATE OF 16TH DAY: DATE OF WEEKLY LIST: 1/29/02 3/01/02 DATE OF PENDING LIST: 2/13/02 DATE OF 45TH DAY: 3/15/02 REFERENCE NUMBER: 02000156 REASONS FOR REVIEW: APPEAL: N DATA PROBLEM: N LANDSCAPE: N LESS THAN 50 YEARS: OTHER: N PDIL: N PERIOD: N PROGRAM UNAPPROVED: REQUEST: N SAMPLE: N SLR DRAFT: N NATIONAL: N N N COMMENT WAIVER: N (LACCEPT __RETURN REJECT ABSTRACT/ SUMMARY COMMENTS: Entered in the National Register RECOM./CRITERIA REVIEWER TELEPHONE DISCIPLINE DATE DOCUMENTATION see attached comments Y/N see attached SLR Y/N Pine Street School 13 Pine St.
Northfield, ma Jean Kozlowski Sept.'co negatives included - humber 1ofy Front of the Schoil, facing north with the porch e hiprock 2. - Pine Street Schoul 13 Pine st. North field Ieam Kozlowski, Sept, 'oc icgatires included number zufy East side af the building aswallas the frout of the building Pinu street Schoul 13 Pini st. North Ricld Jean Kozlowskr, sept.seu negatives included number a ofy West side of bailding including a view of the back aad the fire escape. Pine Street School 13 Pine St. North freld Jean Koz lowski, Sept oo nogatives included number 4 0f 4 side wafront pouch and the yard and neighberng dzstorydwcling NRp4 COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS MASSACHUSETTS SENATE STATE HOUSE, BOSTON 02133-1053 SENATOR STEPHEN M. BREWER WORCESTER, HAMPDEN, HAMPSHIRE AND FRANKLIN DISTRICT ROOM 109B TEL.
617-722-1540 FAX 617-722-1078 E-Mail: SBrewer@senate.state.ma.us RECEIVED OCT 3 0 2001 MASS. HIST.COMM COMMITTEES: STEERING AND POLICY (CHAIR) PuBLIC SAFETY (VICE-CHAIR) ENERGY LOCAL AFFAIRS ETHICS October 25, 2001 Ms. Cara Metz, Director iviassachusetts Historical Commission Massachusetts Archives Building 220 Morrissey Boulevard Boston, MA 02125 Dear Ms. Metz: I am writing to express my support that the Pine Street School (13 Pine Street, Northfield, MA 01360) be nominated by the Massachusetts Historical Commission to be included on the National Register of Historic Places. As you are aware, the Pine Street School is one of only several schoolhouses that remain in Northeast Franklin County, and is of great importance to the community.
The Pine Street School is located in the vicinity of the historic Main Street area, as well as the 17th century Town Common area, which was included in the Town Commons Preservation Initiative sponsored by the Department of Environmental Management (DEM) in 2000. Furthermore, I feel strongly that the preservation of the school will benefit the revitalization of the immediate area. In conclusion, I fully support the Pine Street School being nominated for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places, and I encourage the Massachusetts Historical Commission to give the school all due consideration in this matter. Please contact me if I can be of any assistance in this regard. Sincerely, PHEN M.
BREWER State Senator SMB/klv RECEIVED -9280 JAN 2 9 2002 The Commonwealth of Massachusetts William Francis Galvin, Secretary of the Commonwealth Massachusetts Historical Commission January 24, 2002 Ms. Carol Shull National Register of Historic Places Department of the Interior National Park Service Mail Stop 2280, Suite 400 1849 C Street, NW Washington, DC 20240 Dear Ms. Shull: Enclosed please find the following nomination form: Pine Street School, Northfield (Franklin), MA The nomination has been voted eligible by the State Review Board and has been signed by the State Historic Preservation Officer. The owners of the property were notified of pending State Review Board consideration 30 to 45 days before the meeting and were afforded the opportunity to comment. One letter of support has been received.
Sincerely, Betry Fredhey Betsy Friedberg National Register Director Massachusetts Historical Commission Enclosure CC: Bonnie Parsons, PVPC, consultant Jean Kozlowski, Northfield Historical Commission David Balk, Northfield Planning Board John Spandauer, Chair, Board of Selectmen Northfield Historical Society Sen. Stephen Brewer 220 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125 (617) 727-8470 - Fax: (617) 727-5128 www.state.ma.us/sec/mhc RECEIVED 2280 APR 1 O 2002 MAT PECTTEAL PAHRSORC PRACES The Commonwealth of Massachusetts William Francis Galvin, Secretary of the Commonwealth Massachusetts Historical Commission March 25, 2002 Ms. Carol Shull National Register of Historic Places Department of the Interior National Park Service Mail Stop 2280, Suite 400 1849 C Street, NW Washington, DC 20240 Dear Ms.
Shull: In the weekly update of March 22, 2002, the following property was listed in the National Register of Historic Places, as of March 13, 2002: East Northfield School, Northfield (Franklin), MA. I am writing to request that the property be listed under its historic name, as indicated on the cover form for the nominationthat is, 02000156 Pine Street School, Northfield (Franklin), MA Thank you for making this change to the listing record for this historic property. Sincerely, Brana Simon Brona Simon Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer Massachusetts Historical Commission CC: Bonnie Parsons, PVPC, consultant Jean Kozlowski, Northfield Historical Commission David Balk, Northfield Planning Board John Spandauer, Chair, Board of Selectmen Northfield Historical Society Sen.
Stephen Brewer 220 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125 (617) 727-8470 - Fax: (617) 727-5128 www.state.ma.us/sec/mhc
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