Major Bibliographical References (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.) Primary location of additional data - preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR - State Historic Preservation Office 67) has been requested - Other State agency - previously listed in the National Register L Federal agency L previously determined eligible by the National - Local government X University - designated a National Historic Landmark - Other - recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey Name of repository: Central State University -recorded by Historic American Engineering Record 1927-1952 Archives Education Register Bibliography Architecture Architect/Builder Criteria Considerations Property is: Significant Dates African American (Enter categories from instructions) Applicable National Register Criteria Period of Significance our history.
Areas of Significance for National Register listing) G less than50 yearsof age or achieved significance Previous documentation on file (NPS) (Complete if Criterion Bis marked above) Cultural Affiliation C. N. & I. Dept. Power House Greene County, Ohio 10. Geographical Data Acreage of Property Approx. 1 Acre 1 17 253575 4400080 (Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.) (Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet.) 11. Form Prepared By name/title organization Sheila Darrow, University Archivist date 9/15/00 organization Central State University street & number P.O. Box 1004 _telephone 937-376-6521 _ state Ohio_ zip code 45384 Submit the following items with the completed form: A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location. A Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources.
Representative black and white photographs of the property. (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items) (Complete this item at the request of the SHPO or FPO.) name Central State University Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.). instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form.
Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of Photographs Boundary Justification Additional Documentation Continuation Sheets Property Owner UTM References Additional items Zone Easting Northing See continuation sheet. city or town Wilberforce Verbal Boundary Description additional UTM references on a continuation sheet) Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimatedto average 18.1 hours per response including the time for reviewing Management and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Project (1024-0018), Washington, DC 20503. Maps NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number 8 Page 1 C. N. & I. Dept.
Power House Wilberforce, Greene County, OH The Combined Normal & Industrial Department Power House is one of only three historic buildings still extant on the Wilberforce and Central State University campuses, Ohio's only Historically Black College and vernacular architecture designed to furnish light, heat and power to the Department. The Power House is also significant under Criterion A for its association with the Combined Normal and Industrial Department (C N & I), the state supported vocational and educational arm of Wilberforce University that would ultimately become African American students in engineering and the trades. The Power House is the only historic building on the CN & I and Central State campus to survive the devastating F5 tornado that ravaged the campus and Xenia, Ohio, in April 1974.
Some remnants of Beacon Gymnasium (1922) and Galloway Hall (1906) remain, but in a significantly altered state of preservation. The Power House continues to furnish power to the Central State campus. Wilberforce and Central State are unique in that they both survive side-by-side as predominantly black, and CN & I Power House (1926) at Wilberforce, Ohio, are the only known extant pre-1930 academic facilities University, are the only HCBUs in Ohio, the oldest and most prestigious HCBUs in the Midwest and two of only six HCBU's offering degrees north of the Mason-Dixon line. Background History - Combined Normal & Industrial Department (1887-1947) Though no racial stipulations were made at the time, it was generally believed that only blacks would wish to attend an institution closely affiliated with a black university [Wilberforce] and located in what was predominantly a black community.
Creation of the new department marked a rare instance of public support of hundreds of thousands of dollars on the part of the state. Its modern physical plant and the size of its campus, faculty and student body eventually surpassed those of Wilberforce University, its parent institution [Goggin, 15]. The C. N. & I. Department and Wilberforce were separate institutions legally and with separate Boards of Pennsylvania has the largest and most intact collection of pre-1930 academic buildings of all HCBUs in the northern states. Historical Significance In 1887, through appropriations authorized by the Ohio General Assembly, a "Combined Normal and Industrial Department at Wilberforce University"was created to offer two year courses in vocational and teacher training.
Universities[HCBUs].It is significant under Criterion C asit represents an intact example of industrial being extended to a sectarian institution,earning it the nickname"The Tuskegee of the With increased state funding, the state supported C. N. & I. Dept. grew yearly until it represented an investment small-town institutions of higher learning in a northern state.The Carnegie Library (1907),Emery Hall (1913) constructed expressly for HCBUs in the Midwest. Wilberforce and the C N & I Dept., now Central State Murphy, a Detroit chair manufacturer. Delaware State College was established in 1891, has Lockerman Hall, a private home built in the 1790s. Melrose at Cheyney State University in Pennsylvania was also built as a private residence. Lincoln University in Central State University.
In addition to supplying power the building housed classrooms and laboratories for Lewis College of Business in Detroit was founded in 1930.Its only historic building was built in 1910 as a residence for James NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number 8 Page 2 C. N. & I. Dept. Power House Wilberforce, Greene County, OH Trustees but they both shared the same President. During the 1920s several buildings were constructed on the Wilberforce campus, including Stadium Hall (1920), Teachers Education Building - Lee Hall (1925), Business Manager's Residence (1927), Tarawa Hospital (1927) and the Power Plant (1927). Of these, only the Power Plant survives.
During the academic year 1926-1927, Wilberforce had an enrollment of 1414, with "more than 500 aspirants turned away because of lack of accommodation." Education and Industrial Arts at Wilberforce University. By 1951 the re-named Central State College was awarding degrees in the arts and sciences. Enrollment at Central State in 1962 stood at 2,100 students, with a campus encompassing 528 total acres that included a core campus of 57 acres.
It is significant to note that during this time period Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) throughout the country utilized their instructors and students in the construction of their campus buildings; from engineering, and consulting, to time, but also of the craftsmanship of African-American skilled artisans and apprentices in the early twentieth The Combined Normal & Industrial School Power Plant Designed by Herbert Briggs, the state architect and engineer, the Power Plant was constructed in 1926 to generate light, heat and power for the C. N. & I. Department. An inventory of the school ca. 1925 noted the Old Power House was "to be vacated soon and a new power house to be used." The contractor for the building was McCurran & Sons, Xenia [Ohio Capital Inventory]. It is believed the Power Plant was constructed with the assistance, and perhaps supervision of C. N. & I.
faculty and students, although this has not been documented. The Power Plant is located on the Central State University campus in Wilberforce, Ohio. Central State University was formerly the Combined Normal and Industrial Department at Wilberforce University. In 1947 the CN & I Department, which was created by the Ohio General Assembly in 1887, split with the church-related Wilberforce University. The split ultimately resulted in the establishment of two separate universities, one state and one private. After the department split with the university in 1947, the plant continued to supply power to what then became known as Central State College [later University]. The plant is still operational, having converted from coal power to steam.
For nearly twenty years after its construction, the plant also served as classrooms and a laboratory for students in electrical and mechanical engineering, as well as the plumbing and heating trades. The Power Plant's history is associated with major historical developments in African-American higher education. It represents the period of growth and expansion that took place on this and other campuses at the century. turn of the century. In 1941 the state expanded courses at C N& I to four years and the C. N. & I. Dept. became the College of masonry, carpentry, and blacksmithing. Thus, not only is this structure representative of the architecture of the NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number 8 Page 3 C. N. & I. Dept.
Power House Wilberforce, Greene County, OH Background History - Wilberforce University Episcopal Church joined forces to establish an institution devoted to the education of African American youth. Campus, the National Afro-American Museum, and Central State University) for $13,000 and the founding of Ohio African University in 1856. By 1860 enrollment stood at 200 students and in 1863 the institution was re- named Wilberforce University. The establishment of Wilberforce University also lead to the later development of Payne Theological Seminary (the theology department) in 1894 and Central State University (the normal and industrial department) in 1947. Several reasons have been suggested for the choice of Tawawa Springs as the site of Wilberforce University.
Foremost, perhaps, is the large number of African-Americans that settled in Greene County as a result of the migration patterns of freed slaves before the Civil War and the Underground Railroad, where a major route 42).
"It is worthy of mention," William Galloway, Xenia physician and Wilberforce board member, wrote in 1931 noting the historical connection between the two, "that the Columbus Pike past Wilberforce was a portion of the 'U.G.R.R.' [Underground Railroad] where the fugitive slave was hurried along at dead of night by brave Galloway continued, "travel this route day and night, happy and unmolested and avail themselves of the best education that church and state can furnish." Also, by 1850 there were numerous prosperous black merchants, artisans, shopkeepers, and farmers in Greene County and, by 1870, the county had more African-Americans in proportion to the total population than any other county in Ohio.
The development and growth of Wilberforce University, again as represented by the Power Plant and other buildings built during that time period (only the Power Plant, Emery Hall, and Carnegie Library remain), had a major impact on the Wilberforce community, as well as Greene County. As the university grew, so did the surrounding community with entire families moving into the area as family members accepted faculty positions other parts of the country, as well as the world, to Wilberforce. Among the more notable: W.E.B. DuBois taught at Wilberforce in the late 1800s; Hallie Q.
Brown, a founder of the National Association of Colored Women's Clubs and a noted elocutionist and human rights activist, was associated with the universities as both a student and professor for many years; William Scarborough, a prominent classics scholar, served as president of Wilberforce University from 1908 to 1920; Charles H.
Wesley, a founding scholar in the field of African- American history, served as the first president of Central State University; Charles Young, the third Black to graduate from the United States Military Academy, was a professor of military science at Wilberforce; from Cincinnati to Columbus reportedly passed through Wilberforce along the Columbus Pike (U.S.Highway In 1853,the African Methodist Episcopal(A.M.E.) Church and the Cincinnati Conference of the Methodist or attended classes.The vibrant community that developed provided the setting for a myriad of cultural and and faithful friends and swift horses in constant fear of capture and return to slavery.""Now his descendents," This effort culminated in the purchase of Tawawa Springs (current site of the Old Wilberforce University intellectual events and activities.
The Pennsylvania Railroad brought many a student, teacher, and visitor from NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number 8 Page 4 C. N. & I. Dept. Power House Wilberforce, Greene County, OH composer William Grant Still studied music at Wilberforce, and opera singer Leontyne Price studied at Central State. Wilberforce, the community, has become one of the major African-American cultural and educational in Wilberforce in 1988 recognized this fact. The history of Wilberforce University, Payne Theological Seminary, and Central State University tells the history of higher education for Blacks in the state. It is within Places) that thousands of African-Americans received the education denied them for many years at other Ohio institutions.
Many of the contributions of African-Americans to the advancement of education, medicine, law, technology, and the arts in Ohio have their roots at the Tawawa Springs in Wilberforce, Ohio. centers in Ohio and the nation. The establishment of the National Afro-American Museum and Cultural Center the walls of this and the other remaining structures (also being nominated to the National Register of Historic NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Section number g Page 1 C. N. & I. Dept. Power House Wilberforce, Greene County, OH Major Bibliographic References Blumenson, Jon J.-G. Identifying American Architecture: A Pictorial Guide to Styles and Terms, 1600-1945. New York: W.W. Norton, 1981. Brown, Hallie Q. Pen Pictures of Pioneers of Wilberforce.
Wilberforce, OH: Aldine Publishing, 1937. Combined Normal and Industrial Department at Wilberforce University Board of Trustees, Minutes, Central State University Archives, Wilberforce, Ohio. Galloway, C.M. "Circular: Tawawa House, Xenia Springs," 10 September 1909, Galloway Papers, Greene County Public Library, Xenia, Ohio. Galloway, William. "The First Dwellers in Green County," 1931, Galloway Papers, Green County Public Library, Xenia, Ohio. Goggins, Lathardus. Central State University: The First One Hundred Years, 1887-1987, Wilberforce, Ohio: Central State University, 1987. (Nov-Dec 1999): 36-40. Johnson, Charles S. The Negro College Graduate. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1938. Keys, L. B. "The Community of Wilberforce." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Cincinnati, 1943. Lee, Carol. Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. January 2003.
Lowell, Cadance, John E. Silvius and Sheila Darrow. "Tawawa Woods, Natural Landmark: Geological, Cultural, and Land Use History." (anticipated publication, Fall 2001). McGinnis, Fredrick A. A History and an Interpretation of Wilberforce University. Blanchester, OH: Brown Publishing 1941. Michigan Historical Marker: Lewis College of Business. CONTINUATION SHEET Hutslar,Donald and Dave A.Simmons."Taking to the Waters:Xenia Springs in 1853."Timeline NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number 9 Page 2 C. N. & I. Dept. Power House Wilberforce, Greene County, OH Negro Year Book: An Annual Encyclopedia of the Negro. Tuskegee, AL: Tuskegee Institute, 1937-1938. Ohio Department of Finance. "Combined Normal & Industrial Department at Wilberforce" Ohio Historical Society, P-122, Box 1, File 9.
Ohio Department of Finance. Ohio Capital Inventory. C.N.& I., ca. 1930 & 1962. Payne, Daniel. Annual Report and Retrospective of the First Decade of Wilberforce University. Cincinnati, OH: B.W. Arnett, 1873. Ramsey, Eleanor Mason. Wilberforce, Ohio and the Underground Railroad: Feasibility/Suitability Study. Wilberforce, OH: National Museum of Afro-American History and Culture, 1978. Robinson, George F. History of Greene County, Ohio. Chicago, IL: S.L. Clarke Publishing, 1902. Talbert, Horace. Sons of Allen. Xenia, OH: Aldine Publishing, 1906. Wesley, Charles H. Negro Ameiricans in Ohio. Wilberforce, OH: Central State University Press, 1976. Wilberforce University Bulletin, Wilberforce, OH: Wilberforce University, 1926-1927. Wilberforce University Presidents, Annual Reports, Wilberforce University Archives, Wilberforce, Ohio.
United States Department of the Interior NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES C. N. & I. Dept. Power House Wilberforce, Greene County, OH Located on Parcel Number: M36000200270003800, Wilberforce, Greene County, Ohio. The nominated building stands on a portion of the above parcel on the campus of Central State University, and includes only the footprint occupied by the Power Plant and brine tanks. PUMP Source: Ohio Capital Inventory, 1962. ENGINE PLATFORM Boundary Justification UPPER CLR. LAB. CONTINUATION SHEET SUPPLY Verbal Boundary Description: National Park Service Section number 10 Page 1 PART OF BCILER RM. TEST NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES C. N. & I.
Power House Wilberforce, Greene County, OH Photographs by Sheila Darrow, May 2002 and December 2002 Original Negatives, Central State University Archives 1. Looking northeast at south elevation. 2. Looking north at south elevation. 4. Looking west at east elevation. 5. Detail of limestone trim at southwest corner. 6. Looking northwest at tile stack. 7. Looking north at attached "bag house." 9. Looking west at coal storage building. 10. Looking east at interior first floor entrance. 12. Detail of basement equipment. 14. Looking southeast at north elevation. 15. Historic view, ca. 1930. 16. View of Power Plant, 1975. Photographs 11. Looking northwest interior first floor. CONTINUATION SHEET 3.Detail of bonding pattern above south staircase entrance. 8.Looking east at brine tanks on west elevation.
*Power Plant photographs labeled "Power Plant and corresponding number." United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Section number 11 Page 1 Floors Basement Contractor Architect Comments: Roof Construction: Concrete State Architect BINDING MARGIN Photo No. Year erected P-122 Cost S. MeCurran & Sons (Xenia) Ohio Historical Society Source: Ohio Capital Inventory, ca 1935 464 OWER New Power House Name of Bldg.... New Power House Nane of Bldg. 19.30.
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE EVALUATION/RETURN SHEET NAME : DATE OF 16TH DAY: DATE OF 45TH DAY: 10/30 030ATE N PDIL: N PERIOD: N PROGRAM UNAPPROVED: COMMENT WAIVER: N ABSTRACT/ SUMMARY COMMENTS: DOCUMENTATION see attached comments Y/N see attached SLR Y/N TELEPHONE REJECT RETURN DATE 10/22/03 MULTIPLE 9/15/03 DISCIPLINE REVIEWER RECOM./CRITERIA OTHER: VACCEPT UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DATE RECEIVED: NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REASONS FOR REVIEW: Bntered in the DATE OF WEEKLY LIST: NEC 2002 MN Kodak Processing by GREENE CO., OH Pwer Plant C. N. &-I. DEC. 2002 MN GREENE Co., OM Processing by Yep GREENE CO., OH NFC 2002 MN Kodak Processing by C. N. & I. DEC. 2002 MN Processing by GREENE CO., OH GREENE CO, OH Kodak Processing by GREENE CO., OH NEC 2002 MN Kodak Processing by C.N. &I.
Power Plant GREENE Co., OH NEC: 2002 MN Kodak Processing by GREENE CO., OH NEC 2002 MN Kodak Processing by GREENE Co., OH Kodak Processing by GREENE CO., OH Processing by GREENE CO., OH Processing by C. N. &I. GREENE CO., OH NEC. 2002 MN GREENE Co., OH Processing by C.N. & I. PoweR C. N. & I. GREENE CO., OH Processing by 1930 C.N. & I. Photo #15 1975 Photo #16 1975 GREENE Co., OH CEDARVILLE QUADRANGLE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR CEDARVILLE, OHIO 75 MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC) UTM Reference! - State Route in cooperation with the Army Map Service UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 567 East Hudson Street Columbus, Ohio 43211-1030 614/298-2000 Fax: 614/ 298-2037 Visit us at www.ohiohistory.org SEP |52003 September 10, 2003 Ms.
Carol Shull, Chief of Registration National Register of Historic Places 1201 Eye Street, NW 8t Floor Washington DC 20005 Enclosed please find four (4) new National Register nominations. All appropriate notification about these documents, please contact this office. NEW SUBMISSION C N &I Department Power House Spread Eagle Tavern State Historic Preservation Officer - Attend Building Connections November 6-8 in Columbus - www.buildingconnections.info or 1-888-532-2036 for details. COUNTY Sincerely, enclosures Butler SOCIETY Greene Cuyahoga RECEIVED HISTORICAL SINCE 1885 National Park Service Ohio Historic Preservation Office Corlett Building National Town and Country Club procedures have been followed for this new submission.If you have questions or comments Dear Ms. Shull: 2280