Major Bibliographical References (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.) Previous documentation on file (NPS): HPCA #8360 Primary location of additional data: - preliminary determination of individual listing (36 _ State Historic Preservation Office CFR 67) has been requested - Other State agency - previously listed in the National Register - Federal agency - previously determined eligible by the National - Local government Register - University _ designated a National Historic Landmark - Other - recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey #. Name of repository: - recorded by Historic American Engineering Record #. NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page_ 1 OMB Approval No.
1024-0018 New England Confectionery Co. Factory Cambridge (Middlesex), MA 8. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The New England Confectionery Company (NECCO) factory is significant as the headquarters of one of the oldest continuously operating candy companies in the United States. The signature product - the Necco Wafer - is believed to be the oldest American product continuously manufactured and still sold today in unchanged form. When the factory was built in 1927, it was the largest factory in the world devoted to candy making, and at the time Cambridge was a major manufacturing center with nearly 375 factories in operation. An important Cambridge employer for more than 70 years, the company was among the first to offer such employee benefits as life insurance and profit sharing. The massive Moderne-Style building is a visual landmark on Massachusetts Avenue, the city's major thoroughfare.
In 2002, using the Secretary of the Interior's Standards, the factory complex (manufacturing building and power plant) was converted to a biotechnology laboratory. The NECCO Factory retains integrity of design, location, setting, materials, feeling, workmanship, and association; and fulfills National Register criteria A and C at the state and local levels. The period of significance begins in 1927 and runs to 1955, which is the standard 50-year cut off for National Register listing. In 1901 three independent candy companies merged to form the New England Confectionery Company. These were Chase & Company dating to 1847; Fobes, Hayward & Company (formerly Daniel Fobes Co.) established in 1848; and Wright & Moody, formed in 1856.
In 1903, the three manufacturing plants were physically consolidated in a complex of neo-classically-styled buildings on Melcher and Summer Streets (11-37 Melcher Street and 253 Summer Street) across Fort Point Channel from downtown Boston. Occupied for twenty-five years by NECCO, the buildings survive as part of what is now Boston's Fort Point Channel National Register Historic District. In 1927, NECCO moved to Cambridge to occupy the enormous factory complex built to serve as its sole manufacturing facility. American Candy Making and the NECCO founders An Irish immigrant named John Hannan established the first known manufactory devoted to the making of sweets in America in Dorchester Lower Mills (MA) in 1765.
Hannan had learned the art of chocolate making in England and utilized his knowledge by manufacturing bars of dark or semi-sweet chocolate in a small water-powered mill on the Neponset River. Upon his death in 1770, Hannan's chocolate mill was bought by Dr. James Baker who went on to the found the famous Walter Baker Chocolate Company. In those days chocolate was used exclusively for making cakes and to be added to milk as a flavoringnot for consumption in candy bar form. (continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval No. 10240848 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation SheetK Section number 8 Page_ 2 New England Confectionery Co. Factory Cambridge (Middlesex), MA Not until the 1830s was there any commercially produced candy other than chocolate.
Other sweets of the periodstrictly of home manufacture - were derived from molasses and maple sugar, both commonly available to consumers. In 1847 Oliver Chase of Boston invented and patented the first American candy machine, a lozenge cutter which serves as the technological source of the Necco wafer, the iconic candy which remains the flagship product of NECCO to the present day. With his patent secure Chase partnered with his brother Silas to found Chase and Company, the "pioneer member of the NECCO family" In 1848 Daniel Fobes began a second candy factory in Boston, creating commercially produced confections from native products like maple syrup and popcorn.
That year Fobes paid an American missionary the then very large sum of $125 for the formula to a candy from Istanbul- capital of the Ottoman Empire - called "Turkish Delight." The recipe was deceptively simple: "obtain thirteen pounds and thirteen ounces of brown sugar. Clarify it with an egg and rainwater. Add to it two pounds of clean starch, one dram of pulverized alum, five drams of cream of tartar, and three drops of oil of roses. Boil and stir. While hot, pour into tin squares and cool, and when cold cut with [a] knife and roll pieces in finely pulverized sugar. This will yield eighteen and one- half pounds of Turkish Delight." In 1850, Fobes and a new partner Joseph Ball were operating as Ball and Fobes. Together they paid $500 for another recipe for a Turkish Fig Paste from one Zacarias Gintza, a Boston resident of Turkish origin who in turn signed a two-year non-compete contract.
The interest in things oriental (which term then applied more to the Middle East than Asia) was a national passion in the United States at the time, sparked by Lord Byron's Tales of The Arabian Nights. By 1856 a third Boston-based candy company had been established by William Wright who specialized in the manufacture of hard, English-style candies, as distinct from the chewy caramel and fig paste-based Fobes confections of Turkish origins. Wright soon thereafter joined Charles Bird, another confectioner, to form Bird, Wright and Company, the third founding member of the NECCO family. In 1860, Ball and Fobes bought out Albert Webster who had introduced a line of low-priced lozenges, presumably using the patented Chase lozenge machine. This was the precursor to the NECCO Wafer.
That same year Daniel Chase invented a companion machine which printed (continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number Page_ 3 OMB Approval No. 10243808 NewEngland Confectionery Co. Factory Cambridge (Middlesex), MA words and symbols on lozenges of his own manufacture, thus inventing the idea of "conversation candies" which were popularized in the 20" century as the edible valentine routinely exchanged by children everywhere in the United States. In 1865 Joseph Ball sold his interest in the company and retired. Daniel Fobes then took on two new partners, the brothers Daniel and Albert Hayward.
Thereafter the company was named Fobes, Hayward & Company, the name it retained until the merger of the three pioneering candy companies to form the New England Confectionery Company in 1901. In 1875 milk chocolate was first used as a covering for other confectionery products, and Fobes, Hayward & Co. began to advertise themselves as "wholesale dealers in chocolate." By 1891 candies were "enrobed" in chocolate by a specialty machine, making possible widespread production of affordable chocolate-covered candies. In 1884 the National Confectioners Association was formed in order to establish and adopt purity standards for the manufacture of candy. That year Fobes, Hayward & Company, in addition to increasing their own production of candy, began the manufacture and sale of candy-making machinery.
Chase & Company had of course traced much of its early success to the invention of a lozenge-cutting machine, and later thesugar pulverizing process, both patented by Oliver B. Chase and demonstrated to much acclaim at the 1876 Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia. Therefore, it is not difficult to imagine the leadership of the company seeing manufacture of candy machinery as a separate and distinct profit center. It is not clear how long machinery production and sales persisted When the three original firms merged in1901to form the New England Confectionery Company, the business was capitalized with the sum of $ 1,000,000. At that time the NECCO acronym was adopted, and the company was called NECCO Sweets.
In 1903, after an initial period of combined offices on Summer Street but separate manufacturing locations, the merged firms acquired an additional adjoining structure on Melcher Street near the South Boston waterfront. By 1920, with the rise of gasoline-powered vehicles the consolidated business had grown to the point where the operation needed a larger factory on a larger parcel of land. In 1924 the 3.3-acre parcel of land on Massachusetts Avenue in Cambridge was identified as a good site given its close proximity to the Boston & Albany Railroad and a less congested location than Melcher Street. The New England Confectionery Company purchased the parcel from Harry F. Stimson (continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number Page_ 4 OMB Approval No.
1024-0018 New England Confectionery Co. Factory Cambridge (Middlesex), MA on September 18, 1924. The building was designed and constructed between 1925 and 1927. Upon its opening the NECCO factory was reported to be the largest in the world dedicated solely to the production of candies. The cutting edge factory included air conditioning, a rail spur to deliver sugar and other raw materials, and its own power plant. Designer of the NECCO Building The nationally-recognized firm of Lockwood & Greene was retained by NECCO to design and construct the new manufacturing facility. The builder was Hegeman Harris Company, Inc. of Boston. Drawings on file at the State Archives and articles published at the time of its opening reveal that a professional engineer named F.C. Lutze designed the building in-house.
Lockwood, Greene & Company, then of 24 Federal Street in Boston, was a prominent, integrated design and construction firm founded in Boston in 1832 and best known for their design and construction of industrial mill buildings. Although design capabilities were offered as an added service, the firm's core business was construction. By 1928 the firm had offices in Atlanta, Chicago, Detroit, New York, and Montreal, Canada. At various times it also had field offices in Charlotte, Cleveland, and Philadelphia. Among the firm's other projects in the Boston area were the W.F. Schrafit and Sons Candy Company plant in Charlestown (also designed in house), the Becker-Brainerd Milling Co., the Forbes, Harris Building, and the Sears, Roebuck & Co. building on Park Drive (NR).
Other Lockwood & Green Company projects in Massachusetts included the American Woolen Company mill in Lawrence, MA (NR), the Massachusetts Cotton Mill in Lowell, and Clark Hall at Williams College in Williamstown. Research has revealed little about the work of F. C. Lutze, although a Fred Lutze is known to have designed two houses in Brookline around the same time as the NECCO factory. These houses, located at 93 Evans Road and 85 Williston Road, were designed in the Spanish Mission and Medieval Revival styles respectively. Both eclectic in nature, they have no stylistic tie to the Moderne Style of the NECCO factory. While there is no evidence that the two Lutzes were the same man, the common first initial and unusual surname suggest there may be a connection. A Brief History of the NECCO site.
Until the middle of the 19th century the entire area now occupied by the MIT campus, the NECCO complex and numerous other structures as far west on Massachusetts Avenue as Central Square was foul-smelling tidal salt marsh occupied only sporadically by social outcasts living in (continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page_ 5 OMB Approval No. 1024-0098: New England Confectionery Co. Factory Cambridge (Middlesex), MA shanties. Gradually, following the Civil War and the filling of Boston's Back Bay, it became a priority to fill land on the Cambridge side of the Charles River and turn it to productive use.
The area on which the NECCO complex stands was filled following the construction of Massachusetts Avenue in 1890, in anticipation of a bridge being built to connect Cambridge to Boston's Back Bay. Stimson's land sale to NECCO was a small portion of what had been Charles River Park. The multi-use park developed by Stimson and others in 1896 included a bicycle racing track with a grandstand and several accessory structures. As the park closed between 1905 and 1918, development of its Massachusetts Avenue frontage commenced. What became the Charles River Park marshland was at first partially filled for an elevated railroad embankment by the Grand Junction Railroad in 1853. Starting in 1881, the Charles River Embankment Company began the broader land-filling process by constructing a sea-wall along the tidal lower Charles River basin echoing the method of the earlier filling of the Back Bay.
By 1910, with completion of the Charles River dam, the basin's level was stabilized at nine feet above mean low tide level of Boston harbor, and landfill work accelerated. In 1912 MIT acquired filled land and began construction of its new campus, which would ultimately have a profound impact on the de-industrialization of East Cambridge. Perhaps one of the reasons NECCO chose to locate in the southeast section of Cambridge was an abundant supply of labor. The site lies between the residential neighborhoods of Cambridgeport and East Cambridge, both of which were home to large numbers of immigrants. Cambridgeport had been one of the principal draws for European immigrants who increased from 2.3% of the resident population in 1848 to 21% in 1855, and to 26% by 1875.
The first group of immigrants were Irish followed by Canadian and British, Germans, Swedes, Italians, and Portuguese in roughly that order. These groups had been employed for generations by the manufacturing concerns of East Cambridge. Cambridge, second only to Worcester among Massachusetts cities in manufacturing volume, had by the end of the 1920s some 375 industrial companies, clustered largely in the East Cambridge/Cambridgeport section. The industrialization of this part of Cambridge had not occurred by accident, but rather as a result of deliberate action on the part of Cambridge industrialists. In fact, whole neighborhoods that had been largely residential during the mid-to-late 19th century were, with the introduction of the Fitchburg & Albany Railroad, bought up and the dwellings razed.
(continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 6 OMB Approval No. 10240068 New England Confectionery Co. Factory Cambridge (Middlesex), MA Interior Layout and Spatial Use of The Building. In keeping with its manufacturing use, the interior of the 509,000 square foot Moderne-style factory was largely utilitarian. The only exceptions to this were the first floor lobby and a small portion of the sixth floor devoted to executive offices. Mushroom-capped concrete columns and occasional brick firewalls were the only features to interrupt the open spaces at all levels and all parts of the factory, except for special purpose areas like bathrooms, a canteen, and medical station.
When opened, the factory was equipped with a unique gravity-driven roller belt system to move material along in the manufacturing process. This system included spiral belts between the floors. Shown in early photos, this unpowered system of moving material was removed long ago. Examination of the original plans, elevations and details of the NECCO factory reveals that the floors of the plant were 17 inches thick and constructed of two reinforced concrete slabs sandwiching 3" of natural cork. With the exception of the basement, the bottom side of the lower slab on each level was faced with another 3" layer of cork. First Floor: This level contained the main lobby with the principal entrance off Massachusetts Avenue at the northwest corner of the building.
Off the main lobby were a "clerks area," separate men's and women's waiting rooms, an employees lobby just inside the employees entrance further to the east on Mass. Ave., a sales room, the shipping room, a machine shop, watchman's station, and a "jobbers shipping area." A portion of this level to the rear or south along the Cross Street side was also devoted to manufacturing. Second Floor: In addition to manufacturing, this level included the men's and women's dining rooms, men's and women's locker rooms, and the first aid department. The latter contained a nurses' room, a doctor's room, and two examination rooms. Third, Fourth, Fifth Floors: Devoted exclusively to manufacturing.
Sixth Floor: This level housed the executive offices which included in a row along the Massachusetts Avenue side of the building: the accounting department, the assistant treasurer, the treasurer, the president, the advertising department, the sales department, the purchasing department, the first vice president, and the second vice president/factory manager. Also on the sixth floor were a research laboratory where new candies were developed and additional manufacturing operations. (continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page_ 7 OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 New England Confectionery Co.
Factory Cambridge (Middlesex), MA Recent History After a period of declining sales and financial difficulty in the mid 20" century, the heirs sold NECCO in 1963 for $4,000,000 to United Industrial Syndicate (UIS), a closely held New York company. Under the leadership of Domenic Antonellis, NECCO regained a prominent place in the confectionery industry, growing in sales from a $10 million to a $100 million company. Antonellis joined NECCO in 1968 after an early career as an industrial engineer with Ford Motor Company and General Motors. In 1978, he became president, a position he holds today. Restoring the company toprofitability was achieved through streamlined manufacturing operations and implementation of basic technological innovations.
Examples of the latter included replacing wooden mixing troughs with stainless steel and replacing the original leather belt drive system fired by the original 1927 coal boilers with modern electric motors. NECCO has also embraced more advanced robotics. Like trends across industry lines, these changes have resulted in a reduced labor force, which stands at approximately 350. This is down from 600 employees when UIS acquired the company and down from as many as 1,200 in the 1930s. Approximately 25% of the company's annual sales are derived from its signature product, Necco Wafers. The wafers come in rolls of 42 in flavors of chocolate, cinnamon, licorice, lemon, lime, peppermint, clove and orange. Some 12 million pounds of paste is used each year to produce billions of Necco wafers. The company claims that over 120 NECCO Wafers are consumed every second of every day throughout the year.
These iconic American candies have not changed in their composition (95% sugar and 5% tragacanth) or size since Oliver Chase invented them in 1847. Because of their composition, Neccos do not melt, freeze or spoil. Perhaps for this reason, Necco Wafers have been included in military rations and were brought to the Arctic by Donald MacMillon in 1913 and to the South Pole in the 1930s by Admiral Byrd. Other familiar brand names produced by the company include the Bolster Bar, the Sky Bar, Mary Janes, Canada Mints, Candy Cupboard Chocolates, Squirrel Brand Chews, the Clark Bar, and Zagnut bar. A number of these products resulted from NECCO's acquisition of such other candy manufacturers as Squirrel Brand, Haviland, and the Clark Candy Company. Because of a growing trend away from high sugar and carbohydrate intake the company is also developing a line of sugarless candies.
(continued) NPS Form I 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page_ 8 OMB Approval No. 1024-0868 New England Confectionery Co. Factory Cambridge (Middlesex), MA By the year 2000 NECCO had two plants in Cambridge (the NECCO plant on Massachusetts Avenue and the Durand Candy Co. facility on Cambridge Street) and a separate distribution facility in Woburn. Management decided that it would be expedient to consolidate its Boston area operations at a single location. In 2003 the company moved its world headquarters and Massachusetts manufacturing operations to a new 820,000 square foot state-of-the-art facility located at 135 American Legion Highway in Revere (MA).
NECCO maintains two other manufacturing facilities in the United States_one at Pewaukee, Wisconsin and another at Thibodaux, Louisiana. Although the company does have foreign sales, the candy is exported under private labels to companies in foreign countries and not shipped under the familiar NECCO names. A Socially Conscious Company Over the years NECCO has served as a reliable and socially-conscious employer. Among its notable accomplishments in the area of employee relations were its pioneering steps in benefits. In 1906, with a workforce of some 800 people, NECCO inaugurated a year-end profit-sharing plan to reward the most faithful and hard-working employees. In 1920 the company took the progressive step of providing life-insurance policies for all its employees, starting with a $500 benefit for three months of service and increasing to $1,000 for longer-term workers.
NECCO also provided pensions for retirees, offered free health care for employees, and low-cost health coverage for families of employees. These programs were implemented in addition to state- mandated Workmen's Compensation insurance. During World War II, due to its proximity to MIT and Harvard University, portions of the NECCO factory were loaned for the development of war-related technologies. In addition, the company provided candy to troops and published pamphlets saluting its own employees overseas for the war efforts in both world wars. From NECCO to Novartis When NECCO moved to its new headquarters in Revere, the old NECCO complex was sold to DSF Advisors of Boston. DSF eventually leased the property on a long-term basis to Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research. In 2003, the Swiss-based company moved its world research headquarters into the building.
The conversion of the interior from candy factory to (continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page_ 9 OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 New England Confectionery Co. Factory Cambridge (Middlesex), MA biotechnology laboratory was designed Hugh Stubbins Associates with Audrey J.S. O'Hagan serving as lead architect. Tsoi/Kobus & Associates restored the building's exterior. Both architecture firms are based in Cambridge. The use of the building represents in a tangible way the transition of the industrial sector of Cambridge from a manufacturing to a biotechnology and research center. Novartis announced in 2002 that it planned to reorganize its entire global research operations into the Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research.
This new entity is focused on improving the drug discovery process in ways that integrate discovery tools with technologies that can be applied across multiple disease areas. In order to pursue this new approach it was important that the new research facility be located in close proximity to leading academic institutions, teaching hospitals and biotech companies clustered in the Greater Boston area. In addition it was important that the facility be large enough to house a diverse array of research laboratories and flexible enough to incorporate open design that would facilitate informal interaction among scientists. The same characteristics that made the NECCO Building ideal for candy manufacturing made it ideal for pharmaceutical research.
With high ceilings that allow for space to run complex piping, electrical and duct work associated with laboratories, concrete floors that can hold 250 pounds per square foot, and a location just one block from MIT, the NECCO factory met all of Novartis' criteria for its global research headquarters. Architectural Significance. The NECCO factory has been classified as a Moderne-style building, although by benefit of its lack of surface ornamentation and tacit acknowledgement that "form follows function," it could as easily be characterized as a reflection of the International Style. This related style debuted at the 1927 housing exhibition at Stuttgart Germany. It was organized by Mies van der Rohe, first Vice President of the Deutsche Werkbund, a government agency dedicated to improvement in industrial design.
Although the International Style was not formally introduced to the United States until 1928 with Richard Neutra's Lovell House in Los Angeles, the NECCO factory in some ways anticipates its arrival on these shores. The term Moderne devolved from the term Modernistic used through the 1960s by such architectural historians as Marcus Whiffen in his American Architecture Since 1780. Moderne architecture was born out of the Parisian Exposition des Arts Decoratif in 1925 and has at its core a dedication to surface ornamentation deliberately omitted by F.C. Lutze in his design for NECCO. To that extent the NECCO factory is more closely allied with the International Style, which eschewed ornamentation.
(continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 10 OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 New England Confectionery Co. Factory Cambridge (Middlesex), MA The notable fact of its unembellished exterior brought the NECCO factory the praise of Alfred H. Barr, Jr., who later became the first director of the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. In his review entitled "The NECCO Factory," published in The Arts Magazine, Barr wrote, " The demand for 'beauty' in a factory usually implies the intervention of the architect, who courageously contributes a few Gothic arches or Renaissance cornices, sometimes both, thus reducing the factory to the mongrel level of the usual skyscraper.
It was very fortunate that Lockwood, Greene and Company left the design of the NECCO factory as well as the construction entirely in the hands of its engineering department." He goes on in a somewhat contradictory fashion to note," F.C. Lutze, engineer and chief designer of the NECCO factory has achieved architecture positively by manipulation of proportions and masses, and by the restrained use of handsomer materials than were structurally necessary; negatively by the utmost economy in decorative motive and by the frank acknowledgement of utilitarian necessity in both plan and elevation." Comparative Architectural Importance within Cambridge. The NECCO factory is a fine example of pre-World War II industrial construction in Cambridge. As noted above, the NECCO factory's stylistic attributes can be considered both Moderne and International in style.
In that vein, it would not be inappropriate to compare it to the 1937 B. B. Chemical Building at 780 Memorial Drive. Designed by Coolidge, Shepley Bulfinch and Abbott (with assistance from Henry Wilk and Herman Voss), the B.B. Chemical Building later became better known as the Polaroid Building. Although, unlike the NECCO Building, the B.B. Chemical Building includes a single curved element in its principal facade in the form of an entrance canopy and projecting window bay, both it and the NECCO Building share a horizontality, emphasized by bands of rolled steel windows, intersecting geometric volumes, flat roofs (B. B.'s with a recessed penthouse at its topmost level), smooth wall surfaces, strips of flush-mounted windows (the NECCO's being only slightly recessed by comparison) light-colored man-made materials and a lack of ornamental detail - all hallmarks of the International style.
Clearly the decade-newer B. B. Chemical Building is a more audacious and stylish structure than the NECCO Building. Both share an original industrial purpose, a utilitarian concrete and steel framing system, and an overwhelming presence on their respective streetscapes. These factors (continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 11 OMB Approval No. 1020-0818 New England Confectionery Co. Factory Cambridge (Middlesex), MA afford both buildings an elevated status amongst the industrial buildings in Cambridge. In some ways Shepley, Bulfinch's designers were able to capitalize on the evolution of industrial architecture by trial and error during the fertile period between 1927 and 1937. By comparison, F. C.
Lutze, designer of the NECCO factory was charting virgin territory in his design for the New England Confectionery Company. The company, as noted by Alfred Barr, Jr. in his 1928 review, had asked Lutze to deliver "a beautiful building." Barr concludes that in its relative asceticism and forward-looking architectural spirit Lutze did just that. (end) NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation heet Section number 9 Page- 1 OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 New England Confectionery Co. Factory Cambridge (Middlesex), MA 9. Major Bibliographical References Allen, Frederick. "An Indestructible Product." Invention & Technology Magazine. Fall 1995. Almond, Steve. "The Kings of Candy." The Boston Phoenix. March 200 Barr, Alfred H. Jr. "The NECCO Factory," The Arts Magazine, May 1928.
Burks, Sara L., Memorandum on Garage Demolition, Cambridge Historical Commission, July 2001. Unpublished. Cambridge Historical Commission, Survey of Architectural History in Cambridge (5 Vols.). MIT Press, 1971. Cambridge Historical Society. "From NECCO to Novartis. "Centennial Celebration Program Booklet with articles by Domenic Antonellis (NECCO CEO), Edward Tsoi (Tsoi/Kobus, architects) and Audrey O'Hagan (Stubbins Assoicates). May 2005. Copies on file at the Cambridge Historical Society. City of Cambridge. Building permit files. Denniston, Sean. "New England Confectionery Company." (Unpublished term paper) 1996. Diesenhouse, Susan. "From Candy to Chromosomes in Cambridge." The New York Times. October 2002. Dodge, John (for Novartis). "Growth Means Thinking Big." The Boston Globe. September 2002. Ehrenfeld, Tom. "Golden Wafers." Boston Magazine. 1988. Feeny, Mark.
"Cambridge and the Candy Factory." Boston Globe Magazine. December 1995. Lockwood, Greene & Co. "Building with Foresight." The Engineer. May 1928. (Article contains original photos of the NECCO building's interior and exterior.) (continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval No. 10280808 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 9 Page_ 2 New England Confectionery Co. Factory Cambridge (Middlesex), MA NECCO Chronology. Prepared by the company for its centennial. 1947. Stipp, David. "Sweet Nostalgia." The Wall Street Journal. February 1995. Tiffany, Susan. "NECCO: A Company With Heart." Candy Industry. April 1997. Untermeyer, Louis. A Century of Candymaking 1847-1947, the History of the New England Confectionery Company. Boston: The Barta Press. 1947. Weber, Bruce.
"Sweet Hearts." The Boston Globe Magazine. February 2000. Wiffen, Marcus. American Architecture Since 1780. Cambridge: MIT Press. 1969. Maps and Plans Bromley, G.W.& Co., Philadelphia, PA (Plate 2.) 1928. Sanborn Insurance Map. Sanborn Perris Map Company, New York, NY, (Page 78) 1926. Original architectural drawings (1925). Massachusetts State Archives. File #B-9-32- 19190. (end) NECCO Factory Name of Property 10. Geographical Data Acreage of Property 3.3 acres UTM References See continuation sheet. (Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet) 1. 19 Zone 327200 Easting 4691760 Northing 2. Zone Easting Northing Middlesex, MA County and State 3. Zone 4.
Zone Easting Easting - See continuation sheet Northing Northing Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.) Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet.) 11. Form Prepared By name/title Frederick Lyman, Consultant, with Betsy Friedberg, NR Director, MHC organization Massachusetts Historical Commission street & number220 Morrissey Boulevard city or town Boston _stateMA _ zip code_02125 Additional Documentation Submit the following items with the completed form: Continuation Sheets _ date September 2005 telephone 617-727-8470 A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location. A sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. Photographs Representative black and white photographs of the property.
Additional items (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items) Property Owner (Complete this item at the request of the SHPO or FPO.) name Novartis Services Inc. attn: Michael Golub street & number250 Massachusetts Avenue _ telephone city or town Cambridge _ state MA _ zip code 02139 Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.).
Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18.1 hours per response including the time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Chief, Administrative Services Division, National Park Service, P.0. Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127; and the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Project (1024-0018), Washington, DC 20503.NPS Form 10-900 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet New England Confectionary Co. Factory Cambridge (Middlesex), MA Section number_10, photPage_ 1 10.
GEOGRAPHICAL DATA Verbal Boundary Description The NECCO complex stands on an irregularly-shaped 3.3-acre site bound by Massachusetts Avenue, Landsdowne Street, Cross Street and Albany Street. Containing 143,680 square feet of land, the site is shown as map 68, lots 47 and 51 on the assessor's map for the City of Cambridge. While the NECCO complex consumes most of the city block on which it stands, there are two small parcels (lots 19 and 51) along the Massachusetts Avenue section that are not part of the NECCO complex. Verbal Boundary Justification The nominated property includes the entire parcel historically associated with the building. No enlargement or diminishment of the original boundaries has taken place since the date of acquisition. (end) PHOTOGRAPHS Photographer: Frederick Lyman, American Landmarks Date: April, 2004 1.
View of complex looking W from Massachusetts Avenue, near corner of Albany Street. (Low building in foreground is the power plant.) 2. View of main building looking SW from corner of Massachusetts Avenue and Landsdowne Street. 3. Detail of new front entrance on Landsdowne Street looking S. 4. View of building looking N from corner of Landsdowne and Cross streets 5. View of building looking NE from the corner of Landsdowne and Cross streets. View of building looking NE from the corner of Cross and Albany streets. 7. Renovated atrium view showing retained mushroom pod piers. 8. Interior: company library with retained original woodwork. 9. Interior: retained soffit. NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval No. 1024H United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet New England Confectionary Co.
Factory Cambridge (Middlesex), MA Section number Page DATA SHEET NECCO FACTORY Cambridge (Middlesex), MA Main factory 1927 Moderne Power House 1927 utilitarian Garage ca. 2003 utilitarian reinforced concrete, beige brick, limestone reinforced concrete Beige brick, limestone reinforced concrete, Beige brick B C B C B NC Totals: two contributing buildings, one noncontributing building RECEIVED FEB 02 2005 MASS. HIST. COMM Cross Street NECCO FAKTORY Lansdowne Albony Street Yord DEMOL- ISHED PowaR FLANT HOT NELCO OWiED Massochusetts Ave Scole: 1/32°-1'-0° Scote: 1/64'-1'-0° SECONP SITE PLAN SHOWING SERARATE OWNERSHIPS AND BUILDING- ORIGINALLY ON SITE. NECCO Technology Center TK&A / NECCO ELEXATONS PAGEI. ruili OMASSAYE ELEYATION OELEVATION B ROWER PLANT ELEVATION...
- OLANDSDOWNE STREET ELEVATION OPOWER PLANT BLEYATION DSF Cambridge, LLC NECCO Technology Center TK&A | NECCO ELEVATIONS PASE2. 0 . - .. 9 ../9..9.9.19..9..9..9..Q.. OHHHE -*p HOS IEN *tttt OCOURT YARD ELEYATION °.....;.;. OELEYATION A -T*T* EEEED DEROSS STREET ELEVATION DSF Cambridge, LLC NECCO Technology Center TKOA /1e1/.. NECCO SANBORN MAPCO. (BUILDING CIRCLED IS GARAGE DEMDLISHED /I 2002 5 47 AMASSACHUSETTS 48~ om. :"'-18 w. NEWENGYFN OCONFECTI" ERY CO ASSOC. nre. LANDSOOWNE ALBANY 57 Wizz Coasrea Nº3 194 -TN PILGRIM 66 Case D-863: 196-254 Mass. Ave.
The Sanborn Map Company, 1997 6 EASTERN AERIAL SURVEY 1957 NECCO AERIAL VIEW C.1940 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES EVALUATION/RETURN SHEET REQUESTED ACTION: NOMINATION PROPERTYN New England Confectionery Company Factory NAME : MULTIPLE NAME: STATE & COUNTY: MASSACHUSETTS, Middlesex DATE RECEIVED: DATE OF 16TH DAY: DATE OF WEEKLY LIST: 9/26/05 11/05/05 DATE OF PENDING LIST: 10/21/05 DATE OF 45TH DAY: 11/09/05 REFERENCE NUMBER: 05001209 REASONS FOR REVIEW: APPEAL: N DATA PROBLEM: N LANDSCAPE: N OTHER: PDIL: N PERIOD: N REQUEST: N SAMPLE: N SLR DRAFT: N COMMENT WAIVER: N VACCEPT RETURN ABSTRACT/SUMMARY COMMENTS: REJECT LESS THAN 50 YEARS: PROGRAM UNAPPROVED: NATIONAL: N N N 11.9-05 DATE Entered 1n ta National Redis RECOM./CRITERIA REVIEWER DISCIPLINE TELEPHONE DATE- DOCUMENTATION see attached comments Y/N see attached SLR Y/N If a nomination is returned to the nominating authority, the nomination is no longer under consideration by the NPS.
NECCO NECCO 254 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 Frederick W. Lyman 4l View of complex looking Massa chusetts Avenue nea of Albany St. Low Dulklng un foregaound is the NECCO NECCO 294 Massachusetts An Cambridge. MA 02131 Frederich W. Lyman view of main building from th corner of Mass Avenue and Landsdown NECCO NECCO 254 Massachusitls A Cambrilge, MA 0213 Frederich W.Lyman Detail of new frent en on Landsdowne st. le South. NECCO NECCO 25@ Massachusetts Ar Cambridge, MA 02138 Frederick W. Lyman 4/11/0 View of building Looking ! corner of Landsdowne and NECCO NECCO 259 Massachusetts Avenu Cambridge, MA 02138 Frederick W. Lyman 4/ View oz building looking N corner o Landsdowne and ( NECCO NECCO 259 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 Frederick W.Lyman 04/"1.
Viewo of building looking NE corner & Crossaud AlbanyS NECCO 259 Massoch Cambribgo, MN Kedcrick Lyman 10 Atrium view showing mushroom pod piers P NECCO 259 Massachu Cambridgo.MA Fredenich Leman ( Company Librarywi original woodwork P NECCO 250 Massachasetts Avemu Cambridge. MA 02138 Fradesich Lyman 10/ Relained soffit, typ (PHo SED RECEIVED 2280 SE 25205 NAT. REATSKAL PARH SERIC PLACES The Commonwealth of Massachusetts September 26, 20iliam Francis Galvin, Secretary of the Commonwealth Massachusetts Historical Commission Dr. John Roberts, Acting Chief National Register of Historic Places Department of the Interior National Park Service 1201 Eye Street, NW 8' floor Washington, DC 20005 Dear Dr.
Roberts: Enclosed please find the following nomination form: NECCO Factory complex, 250 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge (Middlesex), MA The nomination has been voted eligible by the State Review Board and has been signed by the State Historic Preservation Officer. The owners of the property were notified of pending State Review Board consideration 30 to 45 days before the meeting and were afforded the opportunity to comment. We request an expedited review of this nomination.
Sincerely, Betan tuedlurg Betsy Friedber National Register Director Massachusetts Historical Commission enclosure CC: Frederick Lyman, American Landmarks, consultant Charles Sullivan, Cambridge Historical Commission Novartis Services Inc., attn: Michael Golub Mayor Michael Sullivan, City of Cambridge Beth Rubenstein, Community Development Director 220 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125 (617) 727-8470 - Fax: (617) 727-5128 www.state.ma.us/sec/mhc
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