Major Bibliographical References (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.) Previous documentation on file (NPS) Primary location of additional data - preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR Y State Historic Preservation Office 67) has been requested - Other State agency - previously listed in the National Register - Federal agency - previously determined eligible by the National - Local government - University - designated a National Historic Landmark - recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey Name of repository: - recorded by Historic American Engineering Record 1900-1948 Bibliography Industry Architect/Builder religious purposes. Property is: information important in prehistory or history.
Period of Significance for National Register listing) (Mark "X" in all the boxes that apply.) Register Other NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Hocking Valley Coal Company Town H.D. CONTINUATION SHEET Athens Township, Athens Co., Ohio Section number & Page 3 The Hocking Valley Coal Company Town Historic District is eligible for the National Register under Criterion A well-preserved and rare surviving example of a company town in the Little Cities of Black Diamonds coal region, which encompasses portions of Athens, Hocking and Perry counties in southeastern Ohio. There Hocking. Haydenville was listed in the National Register in 1973.
Congo has a number of surviving buildings, however, many have been significantly altered and it lacks the architectural integrity and cohesiveness of a historic district. Hocking Company Town Historic District is a compact historic district with all of the fifteen buildings within its boundaries contributing to the character of the district. The combination of modest houses and the company store, which also served as the railroad depot for the controlled by the company that built the town and operated the mine. Although there have been several owners over the past 100 years, the Hocking Company Town Historic District has always had single 1948. The history of all of the buildings under single ownership is unique in the region, as the other in the Historic Resources of the Little Cities of Black Diamonds, 1870-1950, a Multiple Property nominations.
The Hocking Company Town Historic District meets the registration requirements for a company town outlined in the MPD. Background Information Coal was discovered in the Little Cities of Black Diamonds region in the early 19" century, but transportation was difficult. The construction of the Hocking Canal, which extended as far as Athens in mid-1836 increased coal production considerably, but it was the development of the railroads in the region that was responsible for The Little Cities of Black Diamonds MPD describes the period between 1870 and 1920 as the "Boom Period." During this time a railroad network was constructed to connect the Little Cities of Black Diamonds to Ohio's expanding rail network.
"The Hocking Valley Coalfield would eventually be served by a network of rail lines that were part of three of the great eastern rail systems of the first half of the 20" century - the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O), the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O), and the New York Central System (NYC)... Interest in a rail line paralleling the canal through the Hocking River valley dated to the early 1850s but political maneuvering by in the region. the rapid increase in development of coal mines and the increase in population and development of communities Documentation (MPD) form, which was approved by the National Park Service in 2000. The MPD also community, is the only "public" building - typical of company towns where commercial activity was company towns have been subdivided and sold as individual parcels to multiple property owners.
are only three surviving company towns in the Little Cities of Black Diamonds region - Haydenville (which was built by Peter Hayden for his Hocking Valley Clay Manufacturing Company), Congo and ownership - the properties were never sold off individually, even after the mine closed permanently in included a discussion of property types that are found within the region and registration requirements for future The history and development of this area of Ohio as a significant coal mining region is thoroughly documented NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service CONTINUATION SHEET Athens Township, Athens Co., Ohio Section number 8 Page 4 rival roads, together with the interruption of the Civil War, pushed any real action on the line into the second half of the 1860s...
The railroad was planned to run between Columbus and Athens, its purpose being to open the valley's mineral wealth to development by rail connection to Columbus and market beyond. By this period, Ohio's capital city had been securely tied into the nations trunk-railroad system, with lines in operation to Cincinnati/St. Louis, Indianapolis/St. Louis/Chicago, Cleveland/Buffalo/New York, and Wheeling/Pittsburgh/Washington. Thus the promoters of the Mineral Railroad knew they could serve unlimited markets for the products of the Hocking Valley if they could only link it with Columbus...
Columbus investors provided the bulk of the line's capital, with Lancaster, Logan and Athens providing the rest, and construction began on the Columbus & Hocking Valley Railroad (C&HV), regionally known as the Hocking Valley, in mid- 1867..The C&HVs arrival in Athens in July of 1870 completed the long sought-transportation route, providing connections not only to Columbus and beyond but also to Cincinnati and to the east via the Marietta & Cincinnati (M&C and later part of the B&O) line through Athens."(Darbee and Recchie, Little Cities of Black Diamonds MPD, p.11-12). Map of the Ohio Coalfields illustrates the concentration in the Appalachian region of eastern and southeastern Ohio. NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Hocking Valley Coal Company Town H.D. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.
10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Hocking Valley Coal Company Town H.D. CONTINUATION SHEET Athens Township, Athens Co., Ohio Section number 8 Page 5 The Toledo & Ohio Central Railroad (T&OC), which connected Charleston, West Virginia with Toledo, through Columbus was completed in 1885. Both the Hocking Valley and T&OC lines passed immediately adjacent to the east of the Eclipse Company Town. The T&OC is still in use and the Hocking Valley Railroad has been converted to the Hocking-Adena Bikeway. The Hocking Valley Coal Company built a company town between 1900 and 1902 to serve the Eclipse Mine #4 and named the town Hocking. Thomas and Edward Johnson, brothers for whom Johnson Road was named, operated the mine. The town sits above the abandoned mine.
Both the town and the mine stretched across the landscape in an area two miles north of Athens (the county seat). At its peak the mine employed approximately 400 workers, which was considered a fairly small operation in the area. By contrast, the nearby Pittsburgh #10 and #10A mines each employed over 1,000 men. The Eclipse Mine was a deep shaft mine with a shaft depth of 171 feet. It tapped into the rich #6 Hocking Valley Coal seam, which was about six feet high. The mine operated until the early 1930s, an extremely difficult period in the southeastern Ohio coalfields. The first two decades of the 20# century were a boom period, with a generally prosperous period and World War I, which increased demand for coal.
However, the "Post-World War I recession hit the Hocking Valley Coalfield dropped to 3.3 million tons in 1922, rose to 4.4 million tons in 1923, dropped to 2.9 million tons in 1924, and, with one year's exception, never rose to as high as 3 million tons a year... For all three counties, the reduced production was a result not only of reduced demand due to the depression, but also exhaustion of coal Black DiamondsMPD, p. 37) The Eclipse Mine re-opened in 1940 as part of the war effort, but closed again, this time permanently, in 1948. After that time, the ownership of the surface land and buildings was transferred to E. A. Cottingham, the former mine's superintendent. (The History of Eclipse, Athens, Ohio) The current owners purchased the entire company town from Cottingham's daughter in 1997.
harder than any previous panics or depressions.From 6.7 million tons in 1918,Athens County's production NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Hocking Valley Coal Company Town H.D. CONTINUATION SHEET Athens Township, Athens Co., Ohio Section number 8 Page 6 Historic photos of Eclipse Mine Tipple (demolished). NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Hocking Company Town H.D. CONTINUATION SHEET Athens Township, Athens Co., Ohio Section number 8 Page 7 USGS map of area with the city of Athens at the bottom of the map and the yellow highlighted area showing the approximate area of the Eclipse Mine.
Several surviving mining buildings are located across Rt.33 from the historic district. The area on the hill above the town had 14 houses in the late 1990s. Five of these buildings were moved into the historic district and the others demolished. The rectangular area identifies the nominated Hocking Company Town Historic District. Hocking Valley Coal Company Town H.D. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Athens Township, Athens Co., Ohio Section number 8 Page 8 Surviving Eclipse Mine buildings located on the north side of Rt. 33, approximately one quarter mile from the Hocking Company Town Historic District. Hocking Company Town H.D. Hocking Valley Coal Company Town H.D. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.
10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Hocking Valley Coal Company Town H.D. CONTINUATION SHEET Athens Township, Athens Co., Ohio Section number 8 Page 9 Hocking Company Town Hocking has been referred to by various names over the years, including Hocking, Old Hocking, Old Cottingham's Place (E.A. Cottingham managed the mine and later owned the entire town), and Dog Town (because of one of the residents raised dogs). The town's original name was changed to Eclipse approximately five years ago when purchased by the current owners. It was done to avoid confusion with other nearby towns with Hocking in the name; to give it a name that would be used consistently; and to relate it to its history as the company town for the Eclipse Mine.
The company town and mine facilities were located in an area that extended from The Plains, north of what is now U.S. Rt. 33. Both the mine portal and the tipple were located across the current highway, and although the tipple is gone, there are a few mine buildings still standing in the area, which are under separate ownership from the company town. Historic view of the company store with the paymaster's office wing on the west side of the building. Historic photos for company stores in Medoc (left)and Cannanville (right). NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Hocking Valley Coal Company Town H.D.
CONTINUATION SHEET Athens Township, Athens Co., Ohio Section number 8 Page 10 The Hocking Company Town consisted of rental houses for families, the company store where all of the miners and their families shopped, and rooms for unmarried miners above the store. In Artifacts of the Coal Age, Athens County Region, the function and form of company towns are documented. "Company housing was an essential element on the process of establishing a coal mine operation within the study area. Houses built by the coal companies and rented to their employees served two purposes. First, they provided homes in those situations where mines were established in rural areas and remote from any existing settlements. Secondly, the houses placed the miners in close proximity to their work...
An additional factor which dictated the need for company houses was based upon the land ownership patterns throughout the study area. Only a small portion of the land was held in fee simple by the mining companies. In most cases the property comprising the coal land was leased for the purpose of extracting the coal. Since companies only held the mineral rights and did not own the land, they could not legally sell plots to their employees for the purpose of allowing them to build their own merchandise types that included everything from grocery products to clothing, mining tools, and, occasionally liquor. Their inventories were designed to sustain all of the miners and their families within the mining camp. In Palka's study included an analysis of the types of buildings found in company towns and the most common forms of housing.
All three building types - bungalow, shotgun and company store - found in the Hocking Company Town Historic District are described in Palka's book. "The bungalow type house consists of three or four rooms, has a single story and a square or slightly elongated shape. A small front porch was often included. The shotgun house is a single story structure (and on fewer occasions, two stories) that is only one room wide and two or three rooms deep, and has a rectangular shaped appearance... company store buildings were usually of wood construction, of basic design, and blended well with the other structures in the mining camp." The bungalow (left) and shotgun (right) are two of the property types identified in Palka's study that are found in Hocking Company Town Historic District. (Palka, pp. 52,60) instead of cash...." (Palka, pp.
49, 58) homes..." The company store served an important purpose as well. "The stores were usually large, general almost all of the area's former stores, credit was extended to all employees and company script was mostly used NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Hocking Valley Coal Company Town H.D. CONTINUATION SHEET Athens Township, Athens Co., Ohio Section number 8 Page 11 Detail view of company store in Hocking Company Town Historic District. The Little Cities of Black Diamonds MPD states "These towns, which include Haydenville, Congo and Hocking (now known as Eclipse), typically consisted of housing and a company store. Depending on a particular community, the company might also have built a school, church, amusement hall and railroad depot.
The one type of building that company towns lacked that nearly every other town in the region had was a town hall. With the exception of Haydenville where the company's clay products were used in the construction of architecturally distinctive buildings, other company towns generally contained mainly frame structures and the homes were small, and repetitious in design. The company store was the focus for commercial activity in the company town and it was usually free-standing, since there was little or no private commercial activity allowed. " (Darbee & Recchie, p.
53) The MPD established registration requirements for company towns that include: "The company town should retain its town plan and enough housing in original form, without large additions or other extensive alterations, on its original site, so it conveys the sense of the town's original form, design and building relationships." The Hocking Company Town Historic District, meets these requirements. The linear form of the original town is still clearly apparent with the company store as the most important building in town. The company store served as the community center - with commercial space, the railroad depot and paymaster's office incorporated into the building. All of the buildings have survived without significant alterations; they retain a high degree of integrity of form, design, materials and building relationships.
Although five of the buildings were moved from the hillside above the nominated district, the houses are of the same design and period and were constructed by the same mine for its employees. They retain the same relationship to the street and to the other buildings in the district so that the district retains its original form and design. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Hocking Valley Coal Company Town H.D. CONTINUATION SHEET Athens Township, Athens Co., Ohio Section number 9 Page 12 Centennial Atlas of Athens County, Ohio. Athens: The Centennial Atlas Association, 1905. Darbee, Jeffrey and Recchie, Nancy. Historic Resources of the Little Cities of Black Diamonds, 1870-1950, Athens, Hocking and Perry Counties, Ohio. National Register of Historic Places, 1999.
Eclipse Company Town - The History of Eclipse, Athens, Ohio. www.EclipseCompanyTown.org Society & Museum, 1986. Palka, Eugene J. A Survey of Relic Structures of the Athens Coal Mining Industry. Athens: Department of Tribe, Ivan M. Little Cities of Black Diamonds: Urban Development in the Hocking Coal Region, 1870-1900. Athens, Ohio: Athens County Historical Society & Museum, 1988. Tribe, Ivan M. Sprinkled with Coal Dust: Life and Work in the Hocking Coal Region, 1870-1900. Athens, Ohio: Athens County Historical Society & Museum, 1988. Verbal Boundary Description The nominated historic district encompasses approximately 3.4 acres and is described as Parcel A040020039702 as recorded by the Athens County Auditor, Athens, Ohio.
Boundary Justification The nominated historic district includes a single parcel that contains all fifteen of the nominated properties - the Geography, OhioUniversity, 1985. Palka, Eugene J. Artifacts of the Coal Age, Athens County Region. Athens, Ohio: Athens County Historical Bibliography (Rev. 10-90) only surviving properties associated with the Hocking Company Town. Hocking Valley Coal Company Town Historic District Athens County, Ohio 10. Geographical Data Acreage of Property 3.42 UTM References (Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet) Athens Quadrangle 1 17 403664 4357591 - See continuation sheet. Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.) Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet.) 11. Form Prepared By name/title organization Nancy Recchie/Benjamin D.
Rickey & Co./consultant street & number 593 South Fifth Street telephone 614-221-0358 city or town Columbus _ state OH zip code 43206 Additional Documentation Submit the following items with the completed form: Continuation Sheets A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location Additional items (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items) (Complete this item at the request of the SHPO or FPO.) name Eclipse Ltd c/o Sowash, Carson & Ferrier street & number 39 North College Street .telephone 740-591-2248 city or town Athens benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 et seg.). this form to the Chief, Administrative Services Division, National Park Service, P.O.
Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127; and the Office of Photographs date9/06 Maps Property Owner Zone Easting Northing state OH _zip code 45701 Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate Representative black and white photographs of the property. Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18.1 hours per response including the time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Project (1024-0018), Washington, DC 20503. United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Hocking Valley Coal Company Town H.D.
CONTINUATION SHEET Athens Township, Athens Co., Ohio Section number photos Page 13 Photographer :Nancy Recchie Benjamin D. Rickey & Co. 593 South Fifth Street Columbus, Ohio 43206 1. View of Eclipse from Johnson Road, looking east. 3. View of bungalow houses on north side of street - 11360, 11350 Jackson Drive - looking west. View of bungalow houses on north side of street - 11320-11310 Jackson Drive - looking east. 6. View of bungalow houses on south side of street - 11355, 11345, 11335,11325 Jackson Drive - looking 7. View of bungalow houses on south side of street - 11355, 11345 Jackson Drive - looking west. 8. View of bungalow houses on south side of street - 11335, 11325, 11315 Jackson Drive - looking east. 9. Streetscape view of bungalow houses on south side of street with company store in distance. 11. Detail of company store storefiront. 12.
East elevation of company store, viewed looking west from railroad tracks. 13. Interior of first floor of company store, looking from rear toward the front entrance. 14. Interior of second floor of company store, looking from rear toward the front. 15. View of north and east elevations of shotgun located directly behind the company store. 16. View of 11235 Arbor Drive, looking west from the second floor of the company store. 17. View of small addition at rear of 11235 Arbor Drive. 18. View of 11340 Jackson Drive, with garage at rear. 19. View of back yards behind 11340-11320 Jackson Drive, looking west. 20. View of small park located between company store and bikpath and railroad track. 21. View of east end of district from railroad tracks ; the bikepath is located between the tracks and the east. Photos park/parking area next to the company store.
10.Main elevation of company store, looking east toward railroad tracks. OMB No. 1024-0018 Date of Photographs : July and September, 2006 View of bungalow houses on north side of street -11360, 11350, 11340 Jackson Drive- looking east. NPS Form 10-900 4. View of bungalow houses on north side of street - 11340, 11330, 11320 Jackson Drive -l ooking east. (Rev. 10-90) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Hocking Valley Coal Company Town H.D. CONTINUATION SHEET Athens Township, Athens Co., Ohio Contributing Buildings/Map Key 11235 Arbor Dr. company store 29 Arbor Dr. 11340 Jackson Dr. (rear) Z MOUED TO SITE NAT TO SCALE garage shotgun bungalow Address Building Number 11310 Jackson Dr.
Contributing Original Location Building Type COMPANY HOCKIXGCOMPAUYTou Hocking Valley Coal Company Town H.P. E COLUMBUS ATHENS PHOTO VIEWS O> - ORIGINAL LOCATION MOUED TO SITE Athens County, OH JACKSON DE. RT. 33 BIKEPATH 13-14 NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES EVALUATION/RETURN SHEET OTHER : PROGRAM UNAPPROVED: COMMENT WAIVER: N ABSTRACT/ SUMMARY COMMENTS: DOCUMENTATION see attached comments I/N see attached SLR Y/N 6/24/07 TELEPHONE PROPERTY 5/11/07 DATE RETURN MULTIPLE 6/13/07 NAME: PERIOD: PDIL: DATE RECEIVED: If a nomination is returned to the nominating authority,the NATIONAL PARK SERVICE REASONS FOR REVIEW: DATE OF 45TH DAY: DATE OF WEEKLY LIST: UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Stevenson, Joshua, House APPEAL: N DATA PROBLEM: N N SLR DRAFT: Y NATIONAL: Accept A nomination is no longer under consideration by the NPS.
REQUESTED ACTION: NOMINATION RECOM./CRITERIA 5/29/07 DATE OF PENDING LIST: NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES EVALUATION/RETURN SHEET REQUESTED ACTION: NOMINATION STATE & COUNTY: OHIO, Athens DATE RECEIVED: DATE OF PENDING LIST: 05/29/07 DATE OF WEEKLY LIST: REFERENCE NUMBER: 07000579 N PERIOD: PROGRAM UNAPPROVED: COMMENT WAIVER: N ABSTRACT/SUMMARY COMMENTS : RECOM. /CRITERIA DOCUMENTATION see attached comments Y/N see attached SLR Y/N If a nomination is returned to the nominating authority, the nomination is no longer under consideration by the National Park Service. 06/24/07 05/11/07 DATE 06/13/07 REJECT RETURN REVIEWER DISCIPLINE Phone REASONS FOR REVIEW: Counties MPS NAME: DATE OF 16TH DAY: APPEAL: N REQUEST: N PDIL: SAMPLE: OTHER: UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LESS THAN 5O YEARS: ATHENS Co, O H HOCKING UALLET CONL CO, TOWN H.D.
ATHENS Co., HOCKING VALLEY COAL CO. TOWN H.D. ATHENS CO. OH ATHENS Co, OH HOCKING UALLEY COAL CO. TOWN H-D. ATHENS (o, ATHENS Co., HOCKING VALLEY COAL CO. TOWN H.D. ATHENS CO. OH ATHENS CO. OH HOCKING TALLEY COAL CO. TOWN H.D. ATHENS CO., OH HOCKING VALLEY COAL CO. TOWN H.D. ATHENS CO., OH HOCKING VALLEY COAL CO. TOWN H.D. ATHENS CO, OH HOCKING VALLEY COAL CO. TOWN H.D. ATHENS B., OH HOCKING ÜALLEY COAL CO. TOWN H.D. ATHENS Co., OM ATHENS Co., OM HOCKING VALLEY COAL CO. TOWN H.D. ATHENs Co., OH HOCKING VALLEY COAL CO. TOWN H.D. -ATHENSCO, OH ECLIPSE TOWN COMPANY ATHENS CO., OH HOCKING VAUEY COAL CO. TOWN #.D. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ATHENS QUADRANGLE 7.5 MINUTE SERES (TOPOGRAPHIC ATHENS, OH ATHENS, OH UNITED STATES OHIO-ATHENS CO. ZONE May 8, 2007 Ms.
Jan Matthews, Associate Director and Keeper of the National Park Service 2280 National Register of Historic Places 1201 "T" (Eye) Street, NW Washington DC 20005 Dear Ms. Matthews: Enclosed please find four (4) new National Register nominations. All appropriate notification NEW SUBMISSION Hocking Valley Coal Company Town Historic District Forest Hill Realty Sales Office Stevenson, Joshua, House Norwalk Memorial Hospital If you have questions or comments about these documents, please contact the National Register staff in the Ohio Historic Preservation Office at (614) 298-2000.
State Historic Preservation Officer OHIO HISTORICAL SOCIETY Ohio Historic Preservation Office 567 East Hudson Street, Columbus, Ohio 43211-1030 ph: 614.298.2000 fx: 614.298.2037 Huron COUNTY Cuyahoga Franklin Athens Enclosures RachelTooker www.ohiohistory.org Sincerely, procedures have been followed for these new submissions. National Register OHIO