Major Bibliographical References Previous documentation on file (NPS) - preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) has been requested Primary location of additional data Lpreviously listed in the National Register - previously determined eligible by the National X State Historic Preservation Office - Other State agency - designated a National Historic Landmark - Federal agency recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey - Local government - University recorded by Historic American Engineering Record - Other Name of repository: - Register Commerce Architecture purposes.
Bibliography 1878-1899 Criteria Considerations Architect/Builder (Enter categories from instructions) Cultural Affiliation Period of Significance Significant Dates Significant Person Applicable National Register Criteria for National Register listing) Property is: G less than50 years of age or achieved significance (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM Section 8 Page 1 Taylor, Colonel Joseph, House, Guernsey County, Ohio The Colonel Joseph Danner Taylor House is eligible for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places under criteria B, due to its association with Joseph Danner Taylor (1830-1899).
The home was built in 1878 by Taylor, Guernsey County's most influential nineteenth century resident. An astute educator, attorney, businessman and politician, Taylor's actions impacted virtually all aspects of the development of the city of Cambridge and Guernsey implications, as well. This structure is also eligible under Criteria C. It embodies the distinctive characteristics of the High Victorian era design of architecture with pronounced Stick and Queen Anne style detailing. It also represents the work of master architect, Samuel Hannaford, one of by the current owners reflect meticulous attention to historical detail and allow for the productive re-use of the property as a bed and breakfast without significantly impacting architectural Criteria B: Association with Colonel Joseph D. Taylor Joseph Danner Taylor, along with his first wife, Elizabeth A.
Hill Taylor, built this home to reflect their influential social position. By 1878, Taylor had established himself as an important community leader through his judicial, political, civic and business activities. Two Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Jonathan Updegraff in the 16" District. At the time of construction, the home was north of the city limits, situated on the crest of a hill overlooking Cambridge. The amenities incorporated in the building plan represented the epitome of contemporary conveniences, features found only in the homes of upper level society. Taylor's daughter, Gertrude, would later write of the family's enthusiastic anticipation of the completion of the home in her book, Only the Past is Ours. She said, "As we grew up, the family cherished a very pleasant dream, which was really a prospect and a promise.
It was the new house we were going to build. It would have all the modern improvements, which at that time seemed to belong to the realm of dreamland-a full fledged bathroom, a gas lighting system, and a furnace which would warm even the halls! It would be built on a hill, just where our farm joined the town..like my grandfather's house in Maine, it was to have the advantages of both town and landmark and retains its place in the city's distinguished architectural heritage today as the Colonel Taylor Inn Bed & Breakfast. Summary integrity. the Midwest's most influential nineteenth century designers. Renovations conducted since 1999 County.Decisions made during his tenure as an U.
S.Representative to Congress had national was rewarded for his efforts on behalf of the Republican Party with his election to the 47th years after construction of his home,Taylor's distinguished Congressional career began when he country." Upon completion, the Colonel Taylor House immediately became a community NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM Section & Page 2 Taylor, Colonel Joseph, House, Guernsey County, Ohio Joseph Danner Taylor was born in Goshen Township, Ohio on November 7th 1830. His parents moved the family to Oxford Township in Guernsey County when he was two years old. Raised on the family farm, he received a primary education in the local district school system.
His parents, Alexander Dallas Taylor and Sarah Danner Taylor, instilled in their son a value of education and he attended private schools within neighboring communities in preparation for college. Between 1854 and 1856, Taylor attended and completed coursework at Madison College which was located at Antrim, Guernsey County, about fifteen miles northeast of Cambridge. Upon completion of this coursework, Taylor assumed teaching positions at various local school districts, studied and prepared for law school, and at the same time, pursued an interest in public service by successfully running for county surveyor twice. He retained a concern regarding the educational process throughout his life.
In addition to teaching responsibilities, he promoted an initiative for more comprehensive education for the youth in his rural district, was instrumental in organizing teachers' associations and was president of the Cambridge Board of Education from 1870-1877. In the winter of 1857, Taylor entered the Cincinnati Law School, and was admitted to the bar in 1859 before the United States Supreme Court upon the motion of Congressman (later President) James Garfield. He established a law practice in Cambridge in the fall of the same year. His practice was successful enough that in 1861 he bought The Guernsey Times, the only also of Cambridge, who assumed administrative responsibility for the paper. Taylor made maximum use of the position as editor of the Times to promote the Republican ideology that he embraced.
Cambridge's location in southern Ohio contributed to contentious political, social and moral debate regarding slavery, abolition and the impending war. A staunch supporter of Lincoln's policies, Taylor forcefully supported the war effort through editorials and articles in his paper, and also published letters written by Union soldiers that provided details from the battlefield. Taylor was especially vocal regarding local politics and wrote scathingly of the Taylor's influence on the political atmosphere in Guernsey County in his book, The Household Guide & Instructor, published in 1882. Williams pointed out that as a direct result of The Guernsey Times articles and Taylor's editorials, the Republican Party and its candidates in the region reaped substantial benefits.
Prior to 1862, Republicans held less than half of elected county positions; over the next decade steady gains were realized by the Party until, in 1871 they swept the election in Guernsey County. Taylor's military service for the Union Army during the Civil War is well documented He served as a member of the County and District Military Committee early in the war. At that time his main duty was to organize troops and supplies. In 1863, Taylor assembled, and was Republican newspaper in Guernsey County at the time.His business partner was W.F. Lenfestey, Copperheads'and'Butternuts'that campaigned in southern Ohio.T. G.Williams emphasized NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.
10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM Section 8 Page 3 Taylor, Colonel Joseph, House, Guernsey County, Ohio voted Captain of, a company of local volunteers for the Eighty-eighth Ohio Regiment in response to Ohio Governor Tod's request for troops to defend the state from Confederate Brigadier General John Morgan's raid. Taylor's regiment was placed on duty at Camp Chase in Columbus, a Confederate prison facility. At the same time, Taylor was also elected Guernsey County Prosecuting Attorney in the fall of 1863 and was able to serve at that position through a series of leaves of absence from his military duties.
His terms as prosecuting attorney (he was re- elected in 1865) were characterized, in part, by his dedication to the temperance movement and by his vigorous prosecution of unlawful saloons in the county. At Camp Chase, Taylor was appointed judge advocate and presided over court martial proceedings and military commissions, mainly in Cincinnati, and later, (1865) in Indianapolis. In 1865, Taylor was chosen by General Joseph Hooker to oversee, as judge provost, one of the most contentious and controversial trials of the period in southern Ohio. The murder of Provost Marshall John Cook by two accused deserters and southern sympathizers added to the volatile atmosphere of a region already plagued by rumor and mistrust. The military trial of Hiram Oliver and John Hartup was bitterly divisive; should have been tried in Guernsey County Common Pleas Court.
Oliver and Hartup's conviction resulted in the first military executions to be conducted at Camp Chase. The publicity the community. Before he was mustered out of the military, Taylor received two brevets, commissioned by the U.S. Senate which resulted in the title of 'Colonel' which he used from that After his military duty, Taylor returned to Cambridge and devoted his time to administering The Guernsey Times until he sold the paper to his brother, David in 1871. He also built his law practice into a widely respected and profitable business. Taylor practiced extensively throughout southern Ohio, especially in Cincinnati, where he was widely known from his prior judge advocate experience.
In addition to the law firm, Taylor invested heavily in the economic growth of Cambridge through a series of business ventures and real estate the organization of the Guernsey National Bank (popularly known as the "Taylor Bank') and served as president from its inception until his death. Taylor also used his political, judicial and economic influence to promote the location of the Marietta & Pittsburgh (later known as the Cleveland & Marietta) railroad through Cambridge, an asset essential to the growth and prosperity of the city. Taylor established a visible presence in the city in 1866 when he bought the property and distinguished brick residence on the northeast corner of Wheeling and Sixth Streets. Earlier the same year, Taylor had married Elizabeth A. Hill, daughter of William Hill, successful business entrepreneur from Berwick, Maine.
Elizabeth was a well educated and astute businesswoman in generated by this trial furthered Taylor's recognition as a steadying and intelligent presence in those who believed in their innocence cried political maneuvering and claimed that the accused time until his death. transactions. In 1872, despite an economic recession in the region, Taylor was instrumental in NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM Taylor, Colonel Joseph, House, Guernsey County, Ohio her own right. According to public records in 1873, Elizabeth purchased approximately seventy- two acres of farmland north of Cambridge from Nathan Evans for $12,741. This farm would later become the site of the Col. Taylor House.
The Taylor's would have three children, two of whom survived, William Hill, Gertrude Elizabeth, and one son who died in infancy, Joseph Clifford Taylor utilized the visible corner of Wheeling and Sixth by replacing the residence with the construction of an architecturally impressive and commercially successful hotel. Named for his Mrs. Taylor's hometown, The Berwick Hotel was one of the city's most celebrated landmarks for four years, until it was destroyed in the first of two fires that devastated Cambridge, first in 1891 and again in 1895. In the first fire, Taylor lost the Berwick in addition to a significant number of other commercial properties that he owned on the same block. Newspaper reports noted that the monetary cost of the fire to Taylor exceeded $60,000. Despite the losses, Taylor immediately rebuilt the Berwick Hotel, complete with a fire wall on the east elevation.
The placement of the fire wall was fortuitous; it saved the hotel in the fire of 1895. The Berwick Hotel remains a cornerstone of Cambridge architectural heritage and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. In addition to political editorializing in The Guernsey Times, Taylor was active and influential within the Republican Party. At the 1872 Republican convention in Philadelphia, he received several votes in the Congressional race and was favored in the 1878 race before Guernsey County was redistricted by state legislators into a predominantly Democratic district. In 1876, he served as delegate to the Cincinnati convention in which Hayes was nominated for President, and remained personal friends with Hayes during his presidency.
In 1880, Taylor Sherman, after days of political wrangling, Taylor backed the presidential nomination of James Taylor's significant political contributions to his community and the nation were made from 1880 through 1893, while he served in the U. S. House of Representatives. During his tenure, Taylor split his time between his home on Upland Avenue, Washington D.C. and Columbus, Ohio. In a political era characterized by fierce and contentious partisan politics and hotly contested issues, Taylor gained a reputation as a 'forcible speaker, a strong debater and a valuable legislator,' according to Ohio in Congress by William A. Taylor (no known In 1880, Taylor was elected to fill the un-expired House of Representatives seat of Jonathan Updegraff in the Sixteenth District for the 47 United States Congress.
He was responsive to his constituency and cultivated widespread popularity with his voters. In 1882, relationship). Garfield. Section 8 Page 4 attended the Republican convention in Chicago as delegate. Although he initially supported John NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM Section & Page < Taylor, Colonel Joseph, House, Guernsey County, Ohio Taylor was re-elected to the 48th Congress in the Seventeenth district, which included Guernsey, Nobel, Belmont, Harrison and Jefferson counties. Defeated in 1884, he was subsequently re- elected for three additional terms. Congressional records illustrate Taylor's consistent and committed effort on behalf of those he represented.
He presented countless petitions and papers on behalf of constituents; many of these very personal pleas for assistance in gaining veteran benefits. Along with fellow Republicans, Taylor vigorously pursued equitable compensation for Civil War veterans and their families. During the first session of the 51 Congress, Taylor made overflowing treasury, be said to be liberal towards its soldiers when thousands and thousands of them are in the almshouses of the country? Men who followed the nation's flag for three and four long and terrible years, men who were brave and valiant and true soldiers, and who obtained at the close of the war an honorable discharge, are to-day public paupers and are cared for as presentations on behalf of his constituents illustrates how personal the issue was for Taylor, and how dedicated he remained.
He also vehemently supported the restoration of the 1867 tariff on wool, and presented petitions signed by thousands of his constituents. Widespread Republican industry; an important economic component in Taylor's district. Taylor maintained a wide network of business, political and judicial relationships cultivated throughout his lifetime. He fully utilized his impressive home to entertain guests as well as hold business meetings. Taylor maintained personal friendships with Presidents Hayes, Garfield and McKinley. The Col. Taylor Home was the site of a visit by President McKinley late in the summer of 1899, while on a railroad trip through southern Ohio, according to Margaret Leech's book, In the Days Of McKinley. Taylor did not neglect his local interests during his distinguished Congressional career.
He maintained an interest in the educational process through trusteeships on the boards of Scio and Mt. Union Colleges in Ohio, and Allegheny College in Pennsylvania until his death in 1899. He also provided leadership in the finance industry through his position as President of the Ohio National Bank and Guernsey National Bank in Ohio, and of the Washington National Building and Loan Association in Washington D. C. Taylor retained and developed extensive commercial real estate properties, and was characterized as 'the most extensive business property owner in Cambridge and Guernsey County' by the 1895 Cambridge Business Directory. Taylor made use of his business and political success to contribute to his community in a variety of ways.
According to Williams, Taylor sponsored the education of 'worthy' young Cambridge men, and provided them with internship opportunities and career counseling. He was also active in the Methodist Episcopal Church in Cambridge for over thirty years. Taylor such.Although legislation passed during his tenure was subsequently questioned, the number of an impassioned speech in which he said, "How can a great Government like ours, with an support of high tariffs on imported woolen products won the support of the sheep growing NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.
10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM Section 8 Page 6 Taylor, Colonel Joseph, House, Guernsey County, Ohio demonstrated his dedication to the church by serving as one of two lay delegates from eastern Ohio to the general conference in Cincinnati in 1880, and was a delegate to the Ecumenical Conference in Washington D.C. in 1892. In 1878, he and Elizabeth were instrumental in the campaign to raise funds for a free public community library. At one fund raiser held at the family home on Upland, almost two thousand dollars was pledged from prominent business and social community leaders in support years, giving the organization an opportunity for growth. Elizabeth Taylor died in 1887, and was remembered as an intelligent, well principled and charitable asset to her community.
According to the terms of her will, Joseph acquired the deed to the Col. Taylor House, along with the balance of her real and personal property. In 1889, Taylor married Caro M. Palmer and together they had one child, Joseph Danner Taylor, Jr. Colonel Taylor died at his home on September 19, 1899, and was mourned by the community with what his obituary in the Jeffersonian called*the largest funeral procession that the city had witnessed to date.' In a final respectful tribute, Cambridge's downtown business district was closed and residents lined the streets to witness the funeral procession. After Taylor's death, William Hanna assumed title to the property as trustee of the estate. Between 1915 and 1999, when the present owners took possession, public records show that a succession of nine owners held title to the Col. Taylor House.
In The Household Guide & Instructor, Williams observed of Taylor: "With every enterprise that tended to the improvement of Cambridge since his residence there, he has been opportunities for Ohio's rural youth led to a lifetime of activism for that cause. Under his tenure as member of Cambridge school board, the Union school building, widely hailed as one of the finest period educational facilities to be constructed in eastern Ohio, was completed. His military and judicial reputation provided the community with prestige and authority. Through newspaper editorials and Republican activism he influenced the political atmosphere in During the time period in which Taylor occupied the home on Upland, he participated in crafting legislation that personally affected his constituents and also impacted the nation.
His legislative career was marked by a dedication to his constituents and passionate debate for causes in which he believed. In the tradition of many of his contemporary entrepreneurs, military veterans, and dedicated public servants, Taylor impacted his community late in his life through decisive leadership through trusteeships on Scio, Mt. Union and Alleghany Colleges. He also served as President of the Ohio National Bank, as well as the Washington National Building and Loan Association. As the most extensive commercial real estate property holder in Guernsey County late in the nineteenth century, Taylor molded the physical and economic development of Guernsey County. of the library. Taylor also provided free space for the Cambridge Library Association for five closely identified."Williams did not exaggerate.Taylor's interest in improving educational NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.
1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM Taylor, Colonel Joseph, House, Guernsey County, Ohio Cambridge's business community and contributed to the economic and built environment in Cambridge through extensive real estate development and local business investments. The Colonel Taylor House provides the best representation of the important contributions made by Joseph Taylor during the most significant years of his life. His successful judicial career culminated with Congressional service beginning in 1880, which resulted in important legislation that directly impacted those he served. In addition to his Congressional service, during the years he lived in the Col.
Taylor House, Taylor also maintained business ties with his community through extensive commercial real estate development that shaped the physical growth of the city of Cambridge. Taylor's trusteeships on local and national financial institutions provided him an opportunity to network with prominent business leaders and politicians both in Ohio and Washington, D.C. He also provided leadership within his community through activism on behalf of the local Methodist church and the county Board of Education. The architectural lineage of the Col. Taylor House, with prominent architect, Samuel Hannaford as designer, illustrates Taylor's social position as businessman, statesman and community leader. No expense was spared in the utilization of the most up to date features to accomplish a most prestigious setting for Taylor's business, political and social functions.
Later described as a 'prospect and promise,' by Taylor's daughter, the family home provides a very personal connection to Joseph Taylor's aspirations, accomplishments and personal life. The high quality of preservation and restoration of the Col. Taylor House presents an exceptional opportunity to represent the considerable contributions made by Joseph Taylor, and serves as a valuable link to a significant period in the history of Cambridge and Guernsey County. Criteria C Architectural Significance The Colonel Joseph Danner Taylor House is eligible for inclusion to the National Register of Historic Places under Criteria C. It embodies the distinctive characteristics of the Victorian era homes so popular at the time of construction.
The design was heavily influenced by Stick and Queen Anne styles; plans favored by the wealthy in urban and rural areas in the latter part of the nineteenth century. The structure exhibits the Stick style through the half timbered ornamentation within the steeply pitched gables, wooden wall cladding, horizontal facade bands facade accomplished with bay windows, oriel windows, balconies, and flamboyant ornamentation. With the exception of the loss of the original central cupola, a slight re- configuration of the roofline and modification to the front porch, which appears to have originally extended to the southeast corner of the building, the home has not been significantly altered, and the basic architectural integrity is intact. and overhanging eaves. The Queen Anne influence is equally apparent through the irregular Section 8 Page 7 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.
10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM Section 8 Page 8 Taylor, Colonel Joseph, House, Guernsey County, Ohio It is also eligible under Criteria C, due to its association with one of the Midwest's leading architects of the period, Samuel Hannaford, who designed it. The Col. Taylor home is categorized as "Victorian,' a term that refers to the final years of Britain's Queen Victoria's reign (1837-1900). Variants of this category, the Queen Anne and Stick styles enjoyed extensive popularity throughout the Midwest from roughly 1860-1900, due both to their appeal to architects and through the proliferation of builders' pattern books which provided widespread availability.
At the same time, technological innovations in construction techniques due to industrialization, as well as transportation advances through a growing rail system radically affected American house design. More sophisticated machinery operated with reliable power sources allowed elaborate detailing in woodworking, previously laboriously done by hand. The advent of balloon framing which quickly replaced heavy timbered construction allowed more innovative structural diversity. Novelties such as bay windows, wall extensions, overhanging projections and irregular floor plans became visible symbols of the application of the most modern techniques and materials.
As described in Virginia and Lee McAlester's A Field Guide to American Houses, the Stick style retained the basic elements of the Gothic Revival architectural design, based on medieval precedents such as steeply pitched roofs, multi-textured wall treatment and asymmetrical facades. However, in addition, this design employed the exterior wall surfaces as a canvas for decorative elements beyond the traditional window and door surrounds. While the promoters lauded the idea of the structural honesty of the style, eschewing details such as classical pillars that did not provide actual support, the visible stick work was, itself, merely ornamentation applied to the façade, with no structural relationship to the framework. Despite this, the Stick style was a popular choice among the wealthy and elite, and gained the attention of the most prominent American architects.
Richard Morris Hunt, the Ecole des Beaux Arts trained architect chose this style for the T. G. Appleton House (1875) and J. Griswold House (1862). Frank Furness, a Philadelphia based architect also designed several important residences based on the Stick Style. Especially noteworthy was the home built in 1878 at Cape May, New Jersey for Emlen Physick, a prominent New Jersey doctor. Several of Samuel Hannaford's residential works displayed Stick detailing, in addition to the Col. Taylor home. These included the Walter Griffith and Louis Van Antwerp homes in Avondale, which were featured in Hannaford's publication; Selections from Executed Work and Sketches by Samuel Hannaford & Sons, Architects, (1894?). The popularity of the Stick Style was relatively brief and quickly transitioned to the more flamboyant Queen Anne style which dominated domestic building from about 1880 until 1900.
Based on the same medieval foundations; steeply pitched gabled rooflines and half- timbering, the Queen Anne style also used the façade as a foundation for ornamentation and NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM Section 8 Page 9 Taylor, Colonel Joseph, House, Guernsey County, Ohio added texture by avoiding flat planes on the façade through bay windows and other devices. English architect, Richard Norman Shaw and a group of his peers named and promoted the Queen Anne style. While the name implies connection with architectural design of the Queen Anne era (1702-1714), this style relies instead on late medieval models of the Elizabethan and Jacobean eras.
American interpretation added the familiar spindle work and, in many cases, classical elements such as columns, Palladian windows and cornice line dentils. The Col. Taylor House is a classic example of the High Victorian, embellished with The placement on the hill top coupled with the polychrome exterior wall treatment and exuberant ornamentation commanded attention and reinforced the prominence of the Taylor family in Cambridge society. Upon entry, the richly appointed foyer leading to the grand open staircase is hardware, rich wood paneling and plaster ornamentation. Plaster brackets decorated with an ornate foliate design adorn the grand foyer, and the main rooms of the first and second floors contain central ceiling plaster medallions.
Each medallion reflects a different motif, for example; fruit and vegetables in the dining room, floral in the Rose room and abstract geometric design in the Magnolia room. Eleven elegant fireplaces grace the house, each with a unique pattern of ornamentation that incorporates artistic tile, soapstone surrounds or elaborately worked wood Originally coal-burning, the fireplaces were later converted to gas and continue to function. The main entry which leads to the grand foyer is embellished with lovely, high-quality art glass panels. The transom contains two triple paneled works, each of which depicts hand painted native songbirds, themed to emphasis the country-home distinction; an important status symbol of the period gentry.
Additional art glass panels flank the double front door; these are of a more sophisticated geometric pattern which contrasts with the domestic themed songbird motif. The artist who created these panels is unknown, but Hannaford was associated with prominent art glass craftsmen from the Cincinnati area, including the G. Riordon & Co. who advertised in Hannaford's publication. The Col. Taylor House exhibits a high quality of preservation and restoration. Information provided by former owners indicates that primary use continued to be one family residence except for a period of time in the 1960s through the late 1970s. Although converted to multiple family use, the conversion did not employ the removal of key architectural components, but rather used removable partitions.
In 1985, Eugene Lehman, president of the Cambridge BancOhio, acquired it and was in the process of restoration when a fire ignited in the attic. A re- configuration of the roofline resulted from this fire. When Jim and Patricia Irvin purchased the property in 1999, there was significant deterioration to the porches and siding on the exterior. Historic photographs reveal that where restoration has been required, care has been taken to fashionable details at the cutting edge of architectural design at the time of construction (1878). equally impressive. Attention to detail is apparent through the liberal employment of ornate brass NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM Section 8 Page 10 replicate the original design.
In addition, scrapings revealed the original color scheme which was also employed to achieve historical accuracy. The Col. Taylor House was designed by, and represents the work of, noted architect Samuel Hannaford (1835-1911) of Cincinnati. Hannaford was undoubtedly one of the most influential Midwest architects of the nineteenth century. According to the Cincinnati limes-Star publication, Cincinnati: the Queen City of the West, his designs significantly impacted the landscape of Cincinnati and, in addition, graced properties from Cleveland to Tennessee and West Virginia to Illinois. The same book said of Hannaford, "There is probably no man, Cincinnati than has Mr. Hannaford." Hannaford was born in Devon, England, in 1835 and arrived in Cincinnati nine years later. His parents were farmers who instilled in him an interest in agriculture as a young man.
He attended Farmer's College in College Hill, Ohio until 1854. His interest then turned to architecture and from 1855 until 1857 Hannaford studied and worked as a draftsman for local and they designed both residential and public buildings in and around Cincinnati. One of their works was The Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railroad Depot in 1864, which featured arched hoodmolds, corbelling and stone belt courses; favored elements in many Hannaford designed buildings. The firm was also responsible for several fire engine houses and buildings for the University of Cincinnati. However, Anderson & Hannaford's most significant commission was the Cincinnati Workhouse and Hospital, built in 1867-1869. At the time of its construction, the Workhouse represented the cutting edge philosophy of prison construction and reform.
Hannaford based its design on the Kirkbride theory which emphasized maximum use of light and air circulation in battlements incorporated into the Romanesque inspired design, the Workhouse was featured in virtually all of Cincinnati's guidebooks published prior to 1900. The size, picturesque setting, and visual impact of this impressive structure became an architectural statement for the city's progressive attitude toward social reform. Despite a protracted court battle and the protestations of preservationists, the Workhouse was demolished in the early 1990s. large public buildings. Nicknamed the "Cincinnati Castle"due to the imposing turrets and architect,J.R.Hamilton.In 1857he began an independent practice in Cincinnati and eventually partnered with Edward Anderson to form Anderson & Hannaford.
Their partnership flourished Taylor, Colonel Joseph, House, Guernsey County, Ohio Criteria C Represents the work of master architect: Samuel Hannaford probably no corporation that has more thoroughly left its imprint on the general appearance of NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM Section 8 Page 11 Taylor, Colonel Joseph, House, Guernsey County, Ohio In 1870, the partnership with Anderson was dissolved and Hannaford worked independently for four years. In addition to building his architectural practice, Hannaford expanded his professional network by accepting the directorship of the Ohio Mechanics Institute, a position he held from 1867 to 1871.
He also became a charter member of the Cincinnati Chapter of the American Institute of Architects and later was awarded an honorary life membership. In 1874 Hannaford entered into a partnership with Edwin B. Proctor, an affiliation that would last only two years. Although short lived, the partnership was productive and was involved in a variety of projects including residences, churches and public buildings. They also designed the seven-story Grand Hotel in the French Second Empire style. A thoroughly celebrated building at the time of it's completion in 1874, the Hotel featured an impressive Ohio sandstone façade and luxurious interior rooms.
Hannaford & Proctor also designed several church buildings during their two year partnership, including the extant Episcopal Church of Our Savior on Hollister Street (1877), a comparatively modest edifice with Stick detailing, and Episcopal Church of the Resurrection, Kirkwood Lane in Fernbank (1877), now on the National Register of Historic Places. The most significant commission for Hannaford & Proctor, however was undoubtedly the Cincinnati Music Hall, (National Register 1970) awarded to the firm in 1876. In addition to housing musical performances, the new facility would need to accommodate industrial expositions as well. Hannaford & Proctor submitted designs along with other prominent Midwest architects, including James McLaughlin of Cincinnati, A. F. Oakey of New York and Ware & Van Brunt of Boston.
Hannaford's innovative design included a grand central pavilion with flanking wings to accommodate the Exposition and Machinery Halls. The complex design utilized elements such as towers, gables and a decorative polychrome brick façade to successfully incorporate the wings with the elevated centrally located structure. The celebrated Hannaford's place among the elite Midwestern architects late in the nineteenth century. The partnership with Proctor was dissolved after the Music Hall project and Hannaford once again worked independently and completed his career working with his sons, Harvey and Charles Hannaford who joined their father in 1887 through the firm of Hannaford & Sons. This association proved as successful as previous partnerships, and the two worked on a myriad of projects using a variety of styles.
Among the most important commissions retained during this phase of Hannaford's career was his work as company architect for the Thomas Emery's Sons construction company which provided him the opportunity to be involved in a multitude of projects, including the Lombardy apartment complex (National Register 1976) and the Palace Hotel. Hannaford & Sons also designed Cincinnati's City Hall (National Register in 1972) in 1888, a landmark building that focused more critical acclaim to the firm. Hannaford's credibility and prestige within the region made him a favored architect of the wealthy and elite in home initial Exhibition held in the Music Hall in 1879,and accompanying acclaim secured NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.
10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM Section 8 Page 12 Taylor, Colonel Joseph, House, Guernsey County, Ohio design as well. Hannaford designed two residences for prominent Cincinnati businessman, George Stone. The first one, built in 1880 was a wooden Stick Style home which was featured in Langsam and Weston's Great Houses of the Queen City. Stone's second home was an impressive Romanesque style stone building with Queen Anne detailing which featured a distinctive turret (National Register 1990). One of Hannaford's strengths as an architect was his versatility.
Throughout his career, he designed residential, commercial, and religious buildings in addition to apartment buildings, of his buildings featured Richardsonian Romanesque detailing, he also implemented Gothic, Italianate, French Second Empire, Stick and Queen Anne. The Colonel Taylor House represents an early example of several exceptional Queen Anne inspired residences that Hannaford designed late in the 1870s and early 1880s. In 1883, Kentucky State Representative and businessman, Thomas Jefferson Megibben commissioned the design for his private residence. Like the Col. Taylor house, the Megibben House featured an extensive use of highly ornamented porches and an elaborate porte corchere. At nearly the same time, Hannaford designed the John E. Bell house (1883) in Cincinnati, which exhibited the same stylized details and highly decorated porches.
In addition to Hannaford's affiliation with the American Institute of Architects and Ohio Mechanics' Institute, he was active in community affairs as well. He was instrumental in the creation of new building codes for Cincinnati and worked on the committee to draft innovative legislation for enforcement. He was concerned and wrote extensively on sanitary sewer reform and served as chair of the Committee on Sewers which examined the issue of open municipal sewers. He was also an early advocate, through his position of editor of The Western Architect and Builder, of the necessity of smoke stack regulation to improve air quality in the city. Hannaford's designs are well represented in the National Register of Historic Places with over eighty listings comprised of buildings listed within historic districts, a thematic resource listing, and those resources distinguished singly. The Col.
Taylor House is one of relatively few significant frame dwellings that Hannaford designed in Queen Anne or Stick style; they were more often constructed of stone or brick. How the relationship between Hannaford and Taylor formed is not known but it is also not surprising. Taylor's distinguished law firm was based in Cambridge, but he conducted extensive business in Cincinnati. Both men were at the top of their professions in the early 1870s, and both had political affiliations with the Republican Party. Col. Taylor joined the long home which made a statement regarding their status in the community. The Col. Taylor House factories, schools, water towers, pump stations, fire stations and train stations. Although many list of distinguished politicians and businessmen who engaged Hannaford's services to design a NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.
10-90) United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM Taylor, Colonel Joseph, House, Guernsey County, Ohio illustrates that Hannaford's influence extended well beyond Cincinnati, where the landscape was most affected by his work. National Park Service Taylor, Colonel Joseph, House Guernsey County, OH 10. Geographical Data Acreage of Property _less than one (Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet) 1 17 Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.) (Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet.) 11.
Form Prepared By name/title organization Susan Tietz/ Youngstown State University date August 2007 street & number 1529 Oak Street, #17 telephone 330-307-7754 city or town Flowood Submit the following items with the completed form: A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location Representative black and white photographs of the property.
(Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items) (Complete this item at the request of the SHPO or FPO.) name Jim and Patricia Irvin street & number 633 Upland Rd _telephone 740.432.7802 city or town Cambridge _state Ohio _ zip code 43752 Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate 449460 4431440 Northing Easting Zone Maps Photographs Continuation Sheets Property Owner Additional Documentation Boundary Justification UTM References Additional items See continuation sheet. Zone Easting Northing _ state Mississippi zip code 39232 A Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.).
Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18.1 hours per response including the time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Project (1024-0018), Washington, DC 20503 this form to the Chief, Administrative Services Division, National Park Service, P.0.Box 37127,Washington, DC 20013-7127; and the Office of NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM Taylor, Col. Joseph, House Cambridge, Guernsey County Ohio Verbal Boundary Description The Col. Joseph Danner Taylor house is located within the municipality of Cambridge, Ohio Guernsey County.
It comprises lots number 18, 19, and 20 in the unrecorded plats of Uplands bounded as Street a distance of245 feet thence with the north line of Upland Road a distance 152 feet, thence with the north line of Upland road a distance 150 feet, thence with a distance of 172 to the north line of an Alley thence with the north line of Alley a distance of 150 feet to an iron pin set on the west line of a 12.00 foot Alley, thence with the west line of said 12.00 foot Alley a distance of 172 feet to the beginning and containing .592 acres. Said boundary reflects the current legal description of the property now associated with the Col. 1024-0018 Boundary Justification The boundary reflects the property as it currently reflects its historic significance and integrity. Section 10 Page_1 follows: Beginning at the intersection of the N.7* Street & Taylor Ave. thence with the west line of N.
7th Taylor Inn Bed & Breakfast. It encompasses the house, garage, parking lot and grounds of the property. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service REGISTRATION FORM Taylor, Col. Joseph, House Cambridge, Guernsey County, Ohio Page 1 of 2 Barnhart, Ted. 'Mansion Saved' The Jeffersonian. September 20, 1985 p.l. Cincinnati City Planning Commission. Inventory and Appraisal of Historic Sites, Buildings, and Areas. Cincinnati: 1960. Crow, Michael, A Preliminary Documentation of the Career of Samuel Hannaford (1835- 1911). Cincinnati: Master's Thesis, University of Cincinnati, 1977. Elkins, Bob. "Buildings Form City's Heart," The Cincinnati Enquirer. March 15, 1991. Samuel Hannaford & Sons Thematic Resources in Hamilton County. 1980. Guernsey County Recorder, Colleen Doutt Wheatley; Public Records/Real Estate Transfers. Vol.
22 Pg. 554. Hannaford, Samuel & Sons. Selections from Executed Work and Sketches by Samuel Hannaford & Sons, Architects. Cincinnati: 1894. "Hannaford's Handiwork Now Sparks Battle," Cincinnati Enquirer, April 3, 1980. Sec. B, Pg. 1. The Jeffersonian. Guernsey County. 1863-1899. Leech, Margeret. In the Days of McKinley. New York: Harper, 1959. Military Execution at Camp Chase, Harper's Weekly. Vol. IX No. 456. September 23, 1865. 1. Military Service File, National Archives and Records Administration, Old Military and Civil Records. 700 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington D.C. Master Number 322652. Obituary of Samuel Hannaford. The Western Architect and Builder. Jan. 12, 1911. Ohio Historic Inventory; Col. Joseph Danner Taylor House. Bibliography NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Gordon, Steven C. and Elisabeth H. Tuttle. National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form.
NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM Taylor, Col. Joseph, House Cambridge, Guernsey County, Ohio Page 2 of 2 Roe, George Mortimer, 1848-1916. Cincinnati: the Queen City of the West. Cincinnati, Ohio: Cincinnati Times-Star Co. Press of C. J. Krehbiel & Co., 1895. Sarchet, Cyrus P. B. History of Guernsey County Ohio Volume 1. Indianapolis, Indiana: B. F. Bowen & Company, 1911. Slaughter, Gertrude. Only the Past is Ours: The Life Story of Gertrude Slaughter. New York: Exposition Press, 1963. Weston, Alice, Walter E. Lansam. Great houses of the Queen City : two hundred years of historic and contemporary architecture and interiors in Cincinnati and Northern Kentucky. Cincinnati, Ohio : The Cincinnati Historical Society ; Cincinnati Museum Center at Union Terminal, 1997.
Who is who in and from Ohio; a history of the development of the state; sketches of those who have helped to build up the commonwealth. Cincinnati, Ohio, Queen City Pub. Co., 1910-12. Williams, T.G. The Household Guide & Instructor with Biographies of the Presidents of the United States and a Brief Outline of the History of Guernsey County Ohio. Wimberg, Robert J. Cincinnati: Over the Rhine: A Historical Guide to 19" Century Buildings and their Residents. Cincinnati: 1987. Wolf, William G. Stories of Guernsey County Ohio: History of an Average Ohio County. Cambridge, Ohio:William Wolf, 1943. Works Projects Administration. Cincinnati: A Guide to the Queen City and Its Neighbors. Cincinnati: Miami Purchase Association, 1943. 1870 Atlas of Cambridge, Ohio Interviews with current owners, Jim and Patricia Irvin: February 2007. Bibliography National Park Service NPS Form 10-900 (Rev.
10-90) National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES 633 Upland Rd. Cambridge, Guernsey County Ohio Page 1 of 2 All photographs provided were taken by Susan M. Tietz. Negatives are held at the Youngstown State University Center for Historic Preservation.
Digital images on CD-R at OHS Description of View 7 Feb 2007 South elevation facing north 12 March Detail porch south elevation West elevation facing east North elevation facing south East elevation facing west Detail balcony on east elevation Stained glass south façade entryway Stained glass transom south facade 2 Feb 2007 Double pocket doors lead from grand foyer to formal parlor first floor View of grand foyer looking north from south entry door Detail of inlaid hardwood flooring in grand foyer Detail of wood paneling in grand foyer Formal parlor fireplace Art tile formal parlor fireplace View of side entryway from staircase (looking east) Number Photograph 21A Date Taken Photographic continuation sheet Library fireplace inscription REGISTRATION FORM Library/gift shop Colonel Joseph Taylor Mansion Detail porte cochere east elevation Detail interior double entry door south elevation Dining Room fireplace United States Department of the Interior Detail stained glass east entry door Grand Foyer fireplace Those photographs with * from digital photographs RECD BY OHPO JUN 05 2008 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.
1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Those photographs with * from digital photographs 633 Upland Rd. Cambridge, Guernsey County Ohio Page 2 of 2 19 Feb 2007 Sitting room fireplace first floor located off grand foyer Detail original light fixture on newel post first floor Representative photo of brass fixtures throughout house Representative photo of brass hardware throughout house 2 Feb 2007 Rose Room bathroom fireplace second floor Not Available 12 March Staircase leading from second floor to third floor Third floor bedroom showing double paned doors lead to balcony Second third floor bedroom Second third floor bedroom fireplace 20 Feb 207 Exterior third floor porch accessed through closet YMCA building sits to the south of Col.
Taylor house, across Upland Road; Row of saplings along north edge of grounds looking north Row shrubbery along west side of grounds looking northwest. View of Upland Road looking east in front of Col. Taylor House floor north Photographic continuation sheet looking south. REGISTRATION FORM Colonel Joseph Taylor Mansion Second floor landing Lilac Room fireplace second floor Example plaster ceiling medallion Rose Room second floor Adjacent to Iris Room;windows lead to balcony south side of house second Brick duplexes located directly east of the Col.Taylor;looking east. Non-contributing two car garage located north of Col.Taylor house looking Lilac Room second floor Magnolia Room fireplace second floor OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) Floor Plan sketch: First Floor Kilchen Dining Room Grand North Cambridge Guernsey Co.
Ohio United States Department of the Interior REGISTRATION FORM National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Colonel Joseph Taylor House NPS Form 10-900 FORMAL BAth entry door Sitting Butlee Room NPS Form 10-800 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) Floor Plan sketch: Second Floor 'LILAC BALcony North Cambridge Guernsey Co. Ohio Colonel Joseph Taylor House REGISTRATION FORM NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES National Park Service United States Department of the Interior Room Rose ALL.WAY ROOn BAL MAIn STAiR - BALA TRIS Shower NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) ¿Loset North Sewing National Park Service Cambridge Guernsey Co. Ohio NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM United States Department of the Interior Floor Plan sketch: Third Floor Colonel Joseph Taylor House Storage Room Statrkasei Living Col.
Joseph TAyloR Mansion 140ª 592AL HARR ISON 174 A 187 189 193. EIGHT UPLAND ROAD 243 AVENUE 188 2.50 NCRTH 190 2.52 247 192 48.8° 48.8° 257 273A NORTH 19.5 47.90 172 A 3-10 Z45 .1264. 65.35 196 248 160. / 242 Joseph Dannee Taylok Mansion EARly SKetch of Taylor, Colonel Joseph, House, Guernsey Co. OH Cambridge On. by Samuel Hannaforo. Col.Voseph TayloR mansion Jim à PatricA Irvin - (GRAnd FoyerR) Cambridge, Ohio Col. Joseph TayloR mansion CoL Joseph FAyloR Mansion - (dining room) CAmbridge Ohio Taylar, Cdonel Joseph, House, Guernsey Co, OH CoL.
Joseph TAtloR Mansion Cambridge on (Looking West) C Ambridge, Onio Photocopy of Historic Photo op Cul Josepn TAyoR Mansion NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES EVALUATION/RETURN SHEET DATE OF 16TH DAY: DATE OF 45TH DAY: OTHER : PROGRAM UNAPPROVED: ABSTRACT/SUMMARY COMMENTS: DOCUMENTATION see attached comments Y/N see attached SLR Y/N If a nomination is returned to the nominating authority, the TELEPHONE REJECT RETURN DISCIPLINE MULTIPLE DATE 7/16/08 8/19/08 8/29/08 REVIEWER NAME: PDIL: The National Register PERIOD: RECOM./CRITERIA Historic Places DATE RECEIVED: DATE OF WEEKLY LIST: Entered in UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR REASONS FOR REVIEW: N SLR DRAFT: N COMMENT WAIVER: N STATE & COUNTY: OHIO, Guernsey nomination is no longer under consideration by the NPS. NATIONAL: ACCEPT @ Col. Joseph Taylon Mansion Cambridge, OH Guernsey Co.
Col Joseph Taylor Mansion 2 Cambridge Oh, Guernsey co CAmbridqe Oh. Guernsey Co. Col Joseph Taylor Mansion Col Joseph Taylor Mansion Cambridge Oh, Guensey Co. 6 Col Joseph Taylor mansion Cambridge Oh, Guensey co. 4 Col. Joseph Taylor Mansion Col Joseph Taylor mansion 9 Col. Joseph Taylor mansion 10 Col Joseph Taylor Mansion // COl. Voseph Taylor Mansion Cambridge, OH Guensey Co. Col. Voseph Taylor Mansion Col Uoseph Taylor Mansion Col Joseph Taylor mansion Cambridge Oh, Guernsey Co. Col. Joseph Taylor Mansion Col. Joseph Taylor Mansion Col. Joseph Tay lor Man510n Col. Joseph Tay/or Mansion Cambridge Ok, Guensey Co. 20 Col. Joseph Taylor Mansion Cambrclge Oh, Guensey co. Colonel Joseph TayloRHouse Combridge Olt Guernseyco CRI Guernsey Co. OHio #Z1A Cambridge OK, Guensey lo. Cambridge Oh, Guernsey lo. Col. Joseph Taylor Mansion 24 Col. Joseph Taylor Mansion Cambridge Oh, Guernsey co. Col.
Uaseph Taylor Mansion Cambrdge Oh, Guensey Col. Uoseph Taylor Mansion Cambridg e Oh, Guensey 29 Col Voseph Taylor Mansion Col. Joseph Taylor mansion Cambridge Oh, Guenzey lo. Cambridge OR, Guernsey Col. Uoseph Taylor Mansion Col vosepn Taylor mansion EXIT Col. Voseph Taylor Mansion Cambridge On, Guernsey Cambridge Oh, Guernsey Co. Col Uoseph Tay lor Mans1on Col. Joseph Taylor Mansion Cambrcdlge O h, Guernsey Lo. Col. Vosepn Taylor mansion Cambridge Oh, Gue-nsey Co. Col. Joseph Taylor mansion Col. Joseph Taylor Mansion Col. Uoseph Taylor mansion Col. Voseph Taylor Mansion Col. Joseph Taylor Mansion Col, Joseph Taylor Mansion Cambrdge Oh, Guensey le.
County, State Taylor, Colonel Joseph, House _X_ Photographs (#37) Reference Number Property Name Nomination Form USGS Map The following Core Documentation is missing from this entry: Missing Core Documentation 08000801 Guernsey County, 1994 UNITED STATES CAMBRIDGE QUADRANGLE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 7.5 MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC) CAMBRIDGE, OHIO SCALE 1:24000 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RECEIVED 2280 July 15, 2008 NAT. REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES National Park Service 2280 Ms. Jan Matthews, Associate Director and Keeper of the National Register of Historic Places 1201 "T" (Eye) Street, NW Washington DC 20005 Dear Ms. Matthews: Enclosed please find two (2) new National Register nominations. All appropriate notification procedures have been followed for these new submissions. Please note that the Ohio State forwarded to the National Park Service concurrent with this transmittal letter.
NEW NOMINATION Taylor, Colonel Joseph, House If you have questions or comments about these documents, please contact the National Register staff in the Ohio Historic Preservation Office at (614) 298-2000. Dr. William K. Laidlaw, Jr. State Historic Preservation Officer Ohio Historic Preservation Office www.ohiohistory.org Hamilton COUNTY Guernsey Enclosures Sincerely, OHIO HISTORICAL SOCIETY National Register Historic Preservation Officer designation has changed.Notification of this change has been Union Trust Building 567 East Hudson Street, Columbus, Ohio 43211-1030 ph: 614.298.2000 fx: 614.298.2037 HISTORY OHIO
Block