Nomination for Old Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert

From the form

The catalogue entry the section above was filed under.

RECEIVED 2280 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior MAR 05 2009 REGISTRATION FORM Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the information requested.If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. 1.

Name of Property Historic name Old Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert Other names/site number Rocky Point Stone Arch Culvert; Stone Arch Culvert over Muddy Run on the Enon Road; County Bridge No. 1479; ODOT SFN 1253670 2. Location street & number Rocky Point Road, about 185 feet West of Old Mill Road n/a [ not for publication city or town & vicinity code OH county Clark _ code 023 zip code 45502 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of1986, as amended, I hereby certify that this X nomination | request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property X meets does not meet the National Register Criteria.

I recommend that this property be considered significant -] nationally - statewide x c logally. (See continuation sheet for additional comments.) Dept. Head, Inventory & Registration Signature of certifying official Ohio Historic Preservation Office, Ohio Historical Society State or Federal agency and bureau In my opinion, the property meets - does not meet the National Register criteria. (L See continuation sheet for additional Signature of commenting or other official 4. National Park Service Certification determined not eligible for the hereby certify that this property is: entered in the National Register removed from the National Register - See continuation sheet.

other (explain): _ determined eligible for the National Register Signature of Keeper Date of Action comments.) state Date Ohio National Register National Park Service Enon February2s200q This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in How to Complete the National Clark County, OH 5. Classification Ownership of Property Category of Property - private - building(s) - district - public-Federal 1 (one) Name of related multiple property listing 0 (none) 6. Function or Use Category: TRANSPORTATION Subcategory: Road-related (vehicular) 7.

Description (Describe the historic and current condition of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) Foundation roof public-State structure object Materials Total other Architectural Classification Noncontributing site Narrative Description walls Historic Functions Current Functions Number of contributing resources previously listed (Enter categories from instructions) _guard-rail:metal No style in the National Register (Check only one box) Number of Resources within Property (Do not include previously listed resources in the count) Old Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert (Check as many boxes as apply) walls.vault:stone.dolimitic limestone (Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing.) public-local NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number Z Page 1 Old Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert, Clark County, Ohio NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION Summary Description. The Old Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert (historical name) was built in 1871 by Samuel S. Taylor, on contract with Clark County. The Culvert is located just west of the intersection of Old Mill Road and Rocky Point Road, in Mad River wooded locale of scattered suburban housing in a predominantly rural setting. The Culvert is a free-standing single-span pylon (anchored solidly on bedrock), approaches to which are filled (boulders, gravel, and recyled architectural stone). The Culvert is about 20 feet wide, 24 feet long, and 16 feet high, with a barrel vault 12 feet wide. Its arches lack prominent keystones.

The Culvert is made entirely of locally-quarried dolomitic limestone. Its stonework is quarry-faced, mortar-laid, and generally well-coursed. Structurally, the stonework of the Culvert is in good condition. Alterations have been few, but insensitively done. Its stone side-rails have been replaced with steel guardrails, now in very poor condition (requiring weight- reduction to 70% and traffic-restriction to one lane). A concrete retaining wall and other concrete patches protect the Culvert on its Presently, the historic Culvert is difficult to see owing to (1) topside alterations (where nothing historic remains), (2) stylish houses visible both from the public road and on foot up close. Location and Setting.

The Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert is situated in southwest Clark County, Ohio, on a township road in Mad River Township about 3 miles east of the Village of Enon, about midway between Enon, Yellow Springs, and Springfield, and a little more than a mile south of Interstate 70. The Culvert spans the uppermost rocky gorge for Mud (or Muddy) Run.For most of its two miles upstream above the Culvert, Mud Run is intermittent, but drains a large and shallow upland basin. Once through the Culvert and the gorge, Mud Run wanders The Rocky Point Road near the Culvert follows an east-west section line of the square-mile rectangular system of the Between-the- Miamis Survey. Rocky Point Road runs between Tecumseh Road and Fairfield Pike. The Culvert lies about midway on this 1.2-mile road, centered within its 60-foot right-of-way. The Stonework of the Culvert.

The Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert is a pylonic structure, oriented east-to-west, with battered (sloping) faces, pierced from north-to-south by a single barrel-vaulted passage for Mud Run. Batter of ends is about 1 in 18 (about 3.5 including modern asphalt pavement). The top of the stonework is 20.4 feet wide (N-S) and 24 feet long (E-W), and its base is wider the gorge; its approaches (i.e., between structure and gully-side) have been filled with a mix of stream-worn fieldstone, local gravel, bedrock stream channel 11.6 feet at inlet, and 12.6 feet at outlet. The vault is 11.8 feet wide (E-W) and 23.3 feet long (N-S) where it rests upon the separate abutments that form the base ofthe Culvert. The interior faces of these abutments are themselves sloped, so that the passage at bedrock is reduced slightly to 11.4 feet. Township, at Rocky Point.

The Culvert spans the intensely scenic uppermost gorge of Mud Run at Rocky Point, a craggy and lightly- southwesterly, and joins the Mad River about 11.5 miles off. degrees), and of faces 1 in 12 (about 5 degrees). The stonework of the Culvert is about 16 feet high above the stream-bed (16.5 feet built to its south, and (3) overgrowth to its north.Its site (especially on the north) could be improved easily to render the Culvert more (23.3 feet) and longer (25.8 ft). The Culvert was built directly upon the solid though slightly-modified and highly variable bedrock of north. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number Z Page 2 Old Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert, Clark County, Ohio The original structure (1871) is built of well-coursed, mortar-laid, locally-quarried dolostone (a.k.a. dolomite or dolomitic limestone). bedding planes. Mortar in the construction was obtained from a local lime kiln. Stonework of the Culvert was built up in four stages: first, two separate abutments, next the half-barrel vault, then the remaining edges of abutments rectangular in plan. 33 appear at the southwest (south face), thicknesses varying from 4 to 6 inches. However, average stone thickness is almost the same, second, as occasional random courses; and third, as hidden keystones along the nether crest of the barrel vault (intrados).

The arches are 18 inches wide over the 11.8- foot-wide passage, and lack differentiated keystones. In the south face, 28 trapezoidal voussoirs -- similar in shape, size, and workmanship -- occur in the arch. Each is 18 inches long, the width of the arch; and each tapers from about 10 inches down to 8 inches. On the north face, the arch contains 30 voussoirs, comprised of 25 similar to those in comprising the interior edge of the arch are chisel-dressed back about an inch. Otherwise, individual building stones are minimally modified, invariably quarry-faced. The Barrel Vault. As noted, the barrel vault is built upon -- and creates the single span between -- two abutments. The half-cylinder of the barrel vault is faced with about 44 courses of stone.

Stonework of the vault -- stone size, selection, and coursing -- while not random, is less regular than the stonework of the culvert's north and south faces. Moreover, the nature of its stonework is of three sorts: (a) thick voussoirs on the end arches, (b) two arching flanks of about 20 narrow courses each on the lower sides of the vault, and (c) 4 or 5 rows of large stones making up the vault crest between the two flanks. Stones of the flank courses are narrow, about 3-5 inches thick and 10-20 inches long. In the vault, usually, pairs of courses of these narrow flank stones interdigitate with the thick voussoirs of the arches, which alternate in depth into the vault either about 1 or 2 feet; single courses articulate with the 5 thin voussoirs found only at the northwest.

In the few places where they could be seen, flank stones appear to be parallel-sided; if so, the wedge-shaped interstices between flank stone courses must have been filled with considerable mortar and/ or stone chinking. Coursing of the flanks nowhere is corbelled. In contrast, stones in the four crest rows are about 6 to 8 inches wide and about 8 to 22 inches long. Most crest rows run between and are end-matched with specific voussoirs mirrored in the north and south arches. Positions and widths of crest rows (where they meet voussoirs) together suggest that individual stones in crest rows are wedge-shaped too. Thus, the crest rows serve, essentially, as multiple parallel keystones forming a distinctive backbone for the vault. The Approaches. The bottoms of the approaches are filled with water-worn slabs of dolostone taken from the stream-bed. This slab- and subsoil.

The gravel and subsoil fill has been replaced with a thick layer of massive architectural elements especially apparent on plinths, as well as a segment of a sandstone column. They were brought here and re-used to replace the far less stable substrate, which eroded recurrently or washed away in specific flood events that went over the approaches. One such event may have occurred in 1886, when many of the township's bridges are known to have been damaged by floods (Matthews and Brown n.d.). the southwest and northeast shoulders of the approaches.

These sawn and polished stones include many massive architraves and National Park Service Its appearance owes in part to the quality of this raw material, which when quarried seems to have broken rather evenly along its Twenty-nine courses of stone are visible at the Culvert's northwest (north face), their thicknesses varying between 3 inches to 1 foot; 5.7 inches (at NW) and 5.8 (at SW). Larger stones were used in certain places: first, in a single course along the top of the north face; fill is most apparent at the southeast.This fill probably dates to 1871, and was capped the same year with several feet of local gravel stonework above the vault, lastly (if once present) the parapets. The springers for the half-cylinder barrel vault rest directly on the NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number Z Page 3 Old Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert, Clark County, Ohio Thus: The basal half of southeast shoulder is built up of stream-worn dolostone. The upper halves of the northeast and southwest shoulders are built of re-used massive architectural stone (emplaced within past 30-40 years). At the southwest, a thick layer of re- used architectural stone overlies obscured basal fill. At the northwest shoulder, slump and mortaring obscures the nature of fill there. In general, the basal fill at the southeast is thought to be original and probably remains obscured beneath later fills at the other three corners of the Culvert. Alterations.

Atop this original stone structure, and comprising its present deck, are arch steel sections, gravel, and asphalt pavement, and at sides, steel guard-rails fastened to steel I-beam posts attached to the buried sections. These are not original to the construction, and were added in or by 1972. Any low stone walls or parapets once topping the Culvert were removed by or at this time. (Less probably, the Culvert may have had a wooden deck and side-rails.) Other alterations include the building of a concrete retaining wing-wall at the northeast, various mortar pours and patches, and some repointing, all done to stabilize and protect the Culvert. Much of this work on vertical surfaces is aesthetically disturbing, superficial, and easily reversed where not still wanted.

The 6-foot-high concrete wing-wall was put up near the northeast corner to protect the base of the east approach from stream water. However, this wall diverts rainwater into the Culvert's east abutment, and is seated Various retaining devices (cable-held board revetments, still evidenced at the southeast) probably only held back limited amounts of gravel ,soil, and sod used to stabilize the uppermost several feet of the culvert's four shoulders, as well as to widen them slightly. These have rotted and fallen away, and the uppermost shoulders(particularly at the northwest) continue to subside and slough. By 1972, arch steel sections were laid lengthwise atop the structure, steel guardrails anchored to these, and the roadway re-paved These steel elements are becoming heavily corroded.

A 3-inch gas-line runs along the high north side of the culvert, and also is buried along the north shoulders of its approaches. Presently, the Culvert's effective width is reduced to one lane, and 70% load capacity. In 2006, the Culvert was inspected by Elwin Robison, a structural engineer with Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc., on behalf of the Turner Foundation of Springfield. Robison's report is attached as ADDITIONAL ITEMS, No. 1. "The.. masonry arch bridge is in generally good condition... The curve of the arch is continuous and free from distortion... Cracks in the masonry are present between the extrados...

of the arch and the spandrel, and some cracking is apparent in the spandrel itself." Despite the condition of the roadbed approaches and other recent alterations, the original stonework of the Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert historical contexts and basis of significance (q.v.). Culvert, are filled or built with a variety of materials (stream cobbles, subsoil, re-used building stone, and concrete). These materials and their stratigraphic relationships derive from original construction, periodic if not regular maintenance, and sporadic attempts to poorly upon rotting wooden forms (basal nailers).

fundamentally is sound and in good condition, and retains a high degree of historical integrity relative to similar structures pertaining to its As noted above, the two approaches to the Culvert, that is, the spaces between gully or gorge sides and the east and west ends of the stabilize the approaches and protect the superstructure. Clark County, OH 8. Statement of Significance

Statement of significance

Areas of Significance ]A Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our 1B Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past. X C Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period,or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or components lack individual distinction. ID Property has yielded, or is likely to yield information important in prehistory or history. (Mark "X" in all the boxes that apply.) JA owned by a religious institution or used for religious Significant Person - B removed from its original location. - C a birthplace or a grave. - D a cemetery. - E a reconstructed building, object,or structure. - F a commemorative property. the past 50 years. Taylor, Samuel S.

(1837-1930) Narrative Statement of Significance (Explain the significance of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) 9.

The rest of the file

Bibliography, boundary description, and the people who prepared and reviewed the nomination.

Major Bibliographical References (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.) Previous documentation on file (NPS) Primary location of additional data - preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR - State Historic Preservation Office 67) has been requested - Other State agency - previously listed in the National Register - Federal agency - previously determined eligible by the National - Local government L University L designated a National Historic Landmark X Other L recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey Name of repository: Tecumseh Land Trust (Yellow Springs, Ohio) -recorded by Historic American Engineering Record 1871 Register Bibliography Architect/Builder history. Engineering purposes.

Criteria Considerations Cultural Affiliation Significant Dates (Enter categories from instructions) Period of Significance Applicable National Register Criteria for National Register listing) Property is: Old Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert (Complete if Criterion B is marked above) JG less than 50 years of age or achieved significance within (Mark "X" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service CONTINUATION SHEET Section number 8 Page 4 Old Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert, Clark County, Ohio STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The Old Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert (built 1871) is nominated for listing in the National Register of Historic Places under C.

Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or First and foremost, the Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert (1871) is a fine and rare example of a mid-sized single-span barrel-vaulted 1479, is the oldest structure in the official inventory of 241 active bridges and culverts in Clark County (Table I), and is the only remaining stone culvert in the Clark County inventory (Table 2). The other 51 extant culverts in this inventory are of steel, concrete, bridge were done as well-meaning attempts to preserve a once-valued scenic and historical asset. However, as adjacent lands to the north were no longer grazed and grew up in brush, the bridge in recent decades has become obscured to the point that few newcomers had ever seen it.

Ironically, lane width and load limits have been reduced for the bridge mostly as a result of the deterioration of elements added in 1972, than from any serious structural weakness in the stone superstructure itself. In Ohio stone culverts and bridges were built during all of the 19th century and well into the 20th century. Culverts are small bridges of small stream courses in Ohio, incredible numbers of culverts were built under Ohio roads. The number of such culverts varied with road class and increased through time as more roads were improved. Better roads had more culverts and fewer fords. As late as 1957 a stream-ford persisted where Muddy Run crossed the Old Mill Road (just north of the Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert). Stone culverts were of several subtypes: (a) stone box drains (corbelled or lintel), and (b) stone arches.

While the numbers of stone culverts (and subtypes) built can not be estimated, the numbers surviving can be using sources as diverse as (a) the Ohio Historic inspection of known sites of documented culverts along specific roads or built over time by specific contractors. All have their methodological biases and strengths. The last (see below -- "Structures Taylor Built") shows that only 1 of 8 of the arch culverts put up by this mason-builder survives, and it is the only one left in the County Engineer's entire inventory. The second stone culvert elimination in Clark County. The Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert itself replaced in 1871 an earlier bridge (wooden with stone abutments) built in 1842. This replacement in natural stone probably was appealing given the scenic locale of the rocky gorge.

Also, certain practical considerations undoubtedly were important -- the short distance to be spanned between abutments, the firm seating of abutments on the rock bottom farm equipment, etc.) descending into the gorge and onto the bridge from either direction. The survival of the Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert attests to the suitability of its design for its purpose and setting. possesses high artistic values.orrepresents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction. Criterion C. NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES stone arch culvert once commonly found on roads of all classes throughout the State of Ohio.The culvert (1871),a.k.a.Bridge No 2006b).

The reasons for the culvert's preservation to date are: a general appreciation over many years -- by community and government - of the scenic qualities of the locale and the bridge together, and the basic functionality of the bridge. Alterations to the of the gorge, and the greater durability of a stone arch in accepting the repeated force of heavy traffic (loaded wagons, steam-powered The significance of the Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert relative to the applicability of Criteria C has two distinct aspects. aluminum, and timber. No covered bridges remain in the county. (Source of these data: Clark County Engineer's Department 2006a. (invariably single-span) and drains allowing small and intermittent streams to pass beneath roadways.

Because of the great numbers Inventory, (b) the 1983 and 1990 ODOT Historic Bridge Inventories, (c) the Clark County Bridge Inventory (2006), (d) field- NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number & Page 5 Old Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert, Clark County, Ohio A second facet of its significance under Criterion C is that the Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert represents the early work of Samuel S. Taylor (1837-1930), a long-forgotten but once-prominent local stone mason. Very few works attributable directly to him have survived. Loss of Taylor's few examples would preclude more careful study, comparison, analysis, and documentation beyond the Biography of Its Builder. Samuel S. Taylor (1837-1930) built the Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert in 1871.

Taylor was born in 93, in Springfield's Arcade Hotel. (Beers 1881: 328, Clark County Auditor var., Clark County Court of Common Pleas 1910a and 1910b, Clark County Recorder var., Rerick Brothers 1894, Springfield Daily News 1930, U.S. Census Bureau var.) Structures Taylor Built. Constructions attributed to Samuel S. Taylor include: (a) the Browns' Stone House at 191 W. Main Street, Enon (ca. 1870, at age 33), (b)the Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert (1871, at age 34), (c) stone abutments at Shellabarger's Mill Race, Mad R. Twp. (completed in 1873 by his brother Alexander), (d) stone abutments at Donnels Creek and Honey Run (1873, at age 36), foundation and cut limestone work for the new County Jail and Sheriff's Residence, Springfield (1878, at age 41), (h) foundation work on the new addition to the County Infirmary, Springfield (1879, at age 42), (i) a culvert in Moorefield Twp.

on the county line (1879), Champion's East Street Shops, Springfield (1881-82, at age 44-45), (m) stone abutments for three bridges, over Donnels Creek at Jerry Leffels, at North Hampton, and over Mad River on the St. Paris road (1883, at age 46), (n) the Arcade Hotel, Springfield (1883), (o) foundation and rubble masonry for the City Hall Building, Springfield (1890, at age 53), and (p) the Ferncliff sewer across McCreight 1908, Springfield City Building 1890, Springfield Daily News 1930) The Mill Run sewer (1877) was the first sewer built in the City of Springfield, and prepared the way for downtown development (Kinnison 1985, p. 42). For a while, Champion's East Street Shops (1883) were the largest industrial facility under one roof in the world (Laybourne 1998). Extant and Lost Examples of Taylor's Work.

Of the above 19 structures built by Taylor in whole or part, only four (4) are known to be extant: Brown Stone House (ca. 1870), Stone Arch Culvert (1871), St. Paul's (1880), and City Hall (1890). Seven (7) of his works believed lost (obscured, razed). The Stone Arch Culvert over Muddy Run (1871) is the only known surviving example of Taylor's bridge, culvert, and sewer work. Taylor specialized in foundations, abutments, work involving quarried and cut stone; there is no evidence that he subcontracted to Paul's, Champion's East Street Shops, the Arcade, and the City Building. Despite this, it can be said that Samuel S. Taylor was a competent, accomplished, and well-known local stone mason who between 1870s and 1890 played a fundamental role in helping to many, and one of the very few constructions built entirely by him or entirely under his direct supervision.

Its survival for the past 135 years, outlasting once-numerous other examples of this class of structure, attests to the skill and competence of its builder, and to the intrinsic beauty and functionality of the Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert. scope of this present nomination. Maryland to Nancy and Samuel Taylor Sr. In 1849, when Samuel S. was 12, the Taylor family moved to the vicinity of Enon. Samuel Taylor Sr. and, when older, his sons -- Samuel S., Stephen, and Alexander -- all were stone masons. During the Civil War, Samuel S. Taylor served first in the Union Navy (1863) and then the Army (1864). Taylor married Eleanor J. McClure in 1863, and Enon property. Taylor bought his first quarry, probably more of a stone yard, in 1889, and lost it to creditors in 1910.

He died, age (e) Christ Episcopal second church building (1874, at age 37), (f) Mill Run underground sewer, Springfield (1877, at age 40), (g) absolutely have been destroyed: Shellabarger's (1873), Sheriff's Residence and Jail (1878), County Infirmary (1879), Moorefield culvert (1879), Grisso Bridge (1879), Arcade (1883), and East Street Shops (1881-82). The other eight (8) cannot be located, and are (i) repair of the Grisso Bridge on the Mad River (1879), (k) St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal Church, Springfield (1880 at age 43), (l) Avenue, Springfield Twp. (1895, at age 58). (Clark County, Board of Commissioners var., Kinnison 1985, Laybourne 1998, Rockel others, or laid brick (except perhaps on small jobs). His obituary perhaps overstates and is not specific about his role in building St. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number & Page 6 Old Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert, Clark County, Ohio History of Its Construction. The Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert was built in 1871 on the Enon Road. Rocky Point Road formerly Springfield-Xenia Road (present-day US Route 68), a distance of about 5 miles, trending west to east, albeit along a zig-zag course. It crossed the Fairfield Pike, opened in 1822 as Road 1, and the Broadford Road, opened in 1824 as Road 4 (now Tecumseh Road) (Clark County Engineer's Department 1895). The Enon Road itself was petitioned in 1841, was surveyed and laid out in 1842, and was opened to the public in 1843 (Clark County, Board of Commissioners var., 1842-1843, Clark County Engineer's Department var.).

Running north-to-south at the intersection just east of the Culvert, Old Mill Road was opened in 1846. The Enon Road served as a farm-to-market road for local farms, as well as provided a more direct connection between Enon and the Mad River Railroad Distinctive Characteristics of Taylor's Early Stonework. Distinctive characteristics of Taylor's early stonework -- as applied to his work with stone arch culverts -- are attested by two surviving examples of his work (1) the Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert, built 1871, and (2) the Browns' Stone House, built ca. 1870. First, he used local materials (dolostone), split (not sawn) from local quarries.

Second, stones were minimally dressed or tooled by hand: selection and juxtaposition by thickness was important; the somewhat finer trimming seen on some stonework (such as within the barrel vault) may have been done only so that the stones would lie better against the wooden forms. Third, uniformity of coursing varied with circumstance: coursing on faces of the culvert was fairly uniform; coursing within the barrel vault and on the stone house was regular but not uniform or strictly parallel: some courses were pinched or feathered out to achieve an occasional leveling, correction, or squaring up; this allowed for more certain and economical use of quarried stones of various sizes.

And fourth, area courses (for walls or vault flanks) interdigitate with the larger vertical edge/ corner stones as two or more thinner courses; this is found at the stone house where wall courses meet quoins, and at the culvert, where flank courses within the barrel vault meet the vault ends of the facade arch voussoirs. Overall, Taylor's early stonework seems entirely traditional: he did not innovate, but adapted traditional methods and local materials to particular situations. Distinctive features seen only in his arch culvert construction are the absence of oversized keystones on the facade arches, and the use of multiple parallel rows of oversized stones as the backbone for the vault; both features seem consistent with the other.

Functionally, the larger stones undoubtedly imparted a necessary greater strength at the crest of the vault not far above which was the active road surface of the bridge. Comparison with other examples of Taylor's vault-work asthese may be found, or with those by other contemporary masons may elucidate this matter. Study of Taylor's later work is made problematic by the fact of the involvement therein of architects and other contractors, by the use of materials quarried and worked elsewhere, and by the fact that it never seems clear where Taylor's work leaves off and someone else's begins. The Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert thus is significant as a precisely documented and and vault work done during the 1870s employed techniques represented by the Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert except as modified by particular requirements of specific clients. Changes in the Road's Names.

The name of the route on which the culvert was built has changed over time, older names coexisting with newer ones. As noted the road was laid out in 1842 and by 1871 was referred to as "the Enon Road". Later, this Enon Road came to be called "the Enon Cross Road", to distinguish it from two other roads that ran to Enon -- East Enon and West Enon Roads. The name Enon Cross Road was used officially through 1960, interchangeably with the name Enon Road (Commissioners Journals, 9: 521,25: 404). Presently, the Enon Cross Road no longer exists. In the 1960s, sections of this road were renamed Broadway Road (near Enon), Rocky Point Road, Shank Road, and Collier Road (near US 68); short sections following Tecumseh Road and Fairfield Pike became part of these roads, which are long local roads with few stop signs along their lengths.

The Rocky Point Road was named for its scenic locale, known as Rocky Point by the 1860s. The Old Enon Road as a Farm-to-Market Road. The Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert is an in-line structure on a road of a particular sort, a farm-to-market road laid out along section lines of the rectangular survey. Locally, earliest roads ran between places, most often mill seats. Because these roads were laid out before extensive clearing of farmland, their routes were determined first by destination and secondly by topography, that is, as the easiest and most reliable routes between two central places. Later, as more and more farmland was cleared for cultivation, starting in the 1840s, and landowners petitioned county commissioners to have these roads (locally opened in 1847). was just a part of the Enon Road.

The Enon Road ran between Enon (founded 1838) on the Dayton-Springfield Road, and the confidently ascribed example of this competent mason's very own design and work. It is highly likely that his other abutment, culvert, NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Section number 8 Page 1 Old Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert, Clark County, Ohio altered, primarily to move the roads off good farmland, and to eliminate the many triangular fields created by the intersection of such roads and fields derived out of the rectangular survey. It was during the 1840s, locally, that many "dog-leg" kinks first were put into only a part of the former Enon Road, which was opened in 1843. The Enon Road was typical of the local roads laid out de novo in the angling across farms and fields.

The "dog-legs" along its 5-mile-long zig-zag course originate from its original survey and layout, not as the result of petitions for road changes. Today, its route is remarkably similar to its route when first laid out (1842). In particular, the present-day peculiar configuration of the intersection of Rocky Point Road and Old Mill Road at Rocky Point is shown identically on all historical maps of the locale (Clark County Auditor 1853 Plat Map Book, Everts 1875, Titus 1870, Rerick Brothers 1894, USGS 1968/ 1992, Clark County GIS 2006, etc.). De novo roads such as the Enon Road were laid out in a specific stage in the maturation of the local road network leading up to the rural population maximum (21,218, achieved in Mad River Township in 1880). The Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert represents one of the most important sporadic improvements along the course of the Enon Road.

The Culvert's existence owes generally to the on-going process of improving such secondary farm service roads from the end of the Civil War to and through the time of maximum rural population. It also owes to public works projects fielded after the Civil War, to repair bridges ill-maintained during the war. The Construction Contract and Its Fulfillment. The Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert was one of many bridges and culverts built throughout Clark County and the State of Ohio under provisions of acts of the General Assembly relating to roads and highways, such 1867 and1868 authorized County Commissioners to fund bridge and culvert construction on all classes of road (state, county, and township), but Townships were forbidden to erect bridges or culverts costing more than $50 (Ohio General Assembly 1867, 1868)] County records further document that on Monday, February 6, 1871, "S.S.

Taylor" [elsewhere "Samuel S. Taylor"] was awarded the contract to build "a Stone Culvert, to supplant the old Bridge over Muddy on the Enon Road in Mad River Township" in return for Township assured the County Commissioners that if the county built the culvert that they would fill its approaches (p. 180). On April 4,1871, Taylor was paid S50 on his contract (p. 194), and, after the Commissioners had inspected his work, they ordered the Auditor to pay him the remainder ($400) (p. 198). Township records document that, on July 15, "F. Daugherty" was awarded the contract for sides" (Mad River Township, Trustees 1871, pp. 83-84). "F. Daugherty" was Francis Daugherty (1815-ca.1889), listed as a Irish-born day-laborer in the 1870 census of Mad River Township (U.S. Census Bureau 1870), and as a street contractor in Springfield City Directories in and after 1873 (Williams' Directories 1870+).

These entries show that the 1871 culvert replaced an old bridge (1842?-1871), with certainty a wooden bridge on stone abutments, at farmland along the Enon Road within a half-mile of the Stone Arch Culvert: John Howell, S.J. McClure, W.B. Jenkins, Charles Swaney, John E. Jones, and Jonathan H. Shank. McClure was related by marriage to Samuel S. Taylor, and served as surety for Taylor's bond for building the Shellabarger abutments (Clark County, Board of Commissioners 1871, p. 105). Howell was a local representative in the State Legislature in 1860 and 1862, was a prosperous farmer and owner of extensive acreage, between 1856 and 1864 held various offices in the Clark County Agricultural Society, including its vice-presidency 1863-64, and in Springfield was a founder and director of the Lagonda National Bank, chartered in 1873 (Rockel 1908, p. 276).

The Culvert's stonework, existing in 2006, had an approximate cubic volume of over 6100 cubic feet, or about 240 perches of stone CONTINUATION SHEET along its north and south top edges. 1840s. That is, its route went through farm lands it was intended to serve, as a farm-to-market road, following section lines, and not The local road committee who were guarantors for the Township's filling of the approaches were prominent local landowners with as that passed March 29, 1867, as amended March 31, 1868 (Clark County, Board of Commissioners, Journal E, p.495). [Laws of $450 and "the old Bridge" (Commissioners Journal, Volume F, p. 179). At the same meeting, a road committee from Mad River $143.50 to fill the approaches to the culvert before August 13, 1871, "said fill to be within 18" of the top of the walls...

ditches at the only as the approach ramps, but also atop the stonework (as roadbed), and that the culvert once had stone walls (perhaps 2 feet high) (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET around $1.88 per perch. Similar culverts and abutments were laid up for a common rate of $3.25 per perch. Taylor's low rate may have been the consequence of five factors, alone or in combination. First, Taylor may have bid low just to obtain his first public contract. Second, the quarry for the stone may have been close, allowing Taylor to avoid significant transport costs. Third, a nearby landowner may have provided the stone freely or at a reduced price. Fourth, the structure may have a rubble core, that is, is well- coursed only on its exterior.

And/ or fifth, Taylor may have extensively re-used stone from the old bridge's dry-laid abutments, or even incorporated parts of these abutments into the 1871 design. The nearest known abandoned quarry is about 1/3 mile southwest of the Culvert (Enon Community Historical Society 2000, p. 119) on land along the Enon Road, and owned by H.G. Miller in 1870 (Titus 1870), now owned by James A. and Charles D. Swaney; other commercial quarries were over two miles away (Titus 1870). Other Historical Features along the Old Enon Road.

Despite the intrusion of frequent small-lot residential development (and the subdivision just west of the Culvert), the 5.5-mile length of the Old Enon Road is dominated by active farmland -- with four properties the old Enon Road include the three Howell farmsteads with farmhouses built 1827, 1830s and before 1848, the Shank brick farmhouses (with paired-end chimneys) from the 1820s, and the Shank Octagon Stone Barn (1884). Near and/ or slightly beyond the old road's west end are the Enon Adena Mound, the "Enon Log Cabin" (1830s; moved to site from within Enon), the Browns' Stone House (probably built ca. 1870 by Samuel S. Taylor), and the Knob Prairie Church (1851).

Numerous farmsteads -- active, old, and contemporary with the Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert are the Browns' Stone House and the farm of John Howell: Taylor built the Brown Stone House around the same time as the Culvert; and John Howell played a central role in having the culvert built. (totalling over 1io0 acres) protected under conservation easementsheld by Tecumseh Land Trust.Noteworthy historic features along former -- are scattered along the entire route, with their farmhouses, large barns, and outbuildings in various conditions. The Eppley House (1827) on the old Folger Howell Farm is being restored carefully to serve as a bed-and-breakfast. The most important features Section number 8 Page 8 Old Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert, Clark County, Ohio NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number 9 Page 9 Old Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert, Clark County, Ohio Integrity. "The quality of significance in American history, architecture, archeology, engineering and culture is present in... structures ...that possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association..." overall but to varying degrees, based on evidence presented heretofore. 1 Location. The culvert has not been moved from its site since construction in 1871, where it remains an in-line feature of the same road where it was built, and the roads about its site have not been straightened nor their intersection reconfigured since the 1840s. 2 Design.

The present shape, dimensions, and formal features of the stone arch structure are essentially those constructed in 1871, such that the stonework structure certainly would be recognized by its own builder. However, one or several rail courses were replaced by steel guardrails and related elements in 1972. 3 Setting. The terrain and topography of the locale at and around the culvert has been altered little. The profile along the road bed is similar to its profile in 1871, though its declivity has been lessened slightly at the approaches to the culvert. Characteristics of the remain unaltered, though the ford for Old Mill Road was bridged in 1957. Intrusive elements include two houses on the cliffs include modern steel elements atop the culvert, the concrete retaining wall, and concrete pours on the stone floor beneath the vault. 5 Workmanship.

Stone surfaces have not been painted or reworked in any way, though the stonework has been repointed. Original stones are in original positions, courses, and number of courses, and many exposed stones bear traces of tools used in quarrying and shaping them to their task. Certain stones at the northeast appear to have defoliated, but the problem is not extensive. now rusted, narrowing of the bridge with bumper-style guardrails, various signage -- all entirely obscure and obliterate the historic and culvert hide it and its immediate locale from view along Old Mill Road. However, those who at closer range have been able to view the culvert and the natural scene it brackets immediately grasp and proclaim the culvert's venerable charm, apparent importance, and singular locale.

The view of and through the culvert -- though not of enormous scale -- is one of the best in the township at least, and 7 Association. Historical features contemporaneous with the culvert have been altered and obscured, but many remain. Most such features along the old Enon Road or near the culvert are in worse shape in terms of all considerations of integrity than the culvert National Park Service The Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert (1871) retains integrity of location, design, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association stream valley for Muddy Run -- its particular winding course, its sloping valley sides, its rocky floor, and its mossy, craggy gorge -- 4 Materials. The culvert consists only of its original stones, and much of its original mortar, except that it has been repointed, and patched lightly but not obtrusively.

No stonework has been removed and replaced by other stonework or concrete. Intrusive materials 6 Feeling. The alteration and paving of the bridge's upper surface, removal of the bridge's original stone rails, addition of steel rails, scenic qualities of the bridge itself viewed from atop and along Rocky Point Road. Brush, weeds, and trees grown up just north the overlooking the gorge and bridge from the south, the pipeline high on the culvert's north face, and road signage. evokes a time long past when the countryside was full of farms on sleepy roads. As such, the culvert has integrity of feeling. NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Section number 9 Page 10 Old Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert, Clark County, Ohio Beers, W.H. and Company (publishers) The History of Clark County, Ohio. Chicago.

Clark County Auditor Plat Map Book for Clark County. On file in Tax Map Room. Tax Duplicates, Volumes 50 - 77 (1863 - 1877). On microfilm, Board of Assessment. Clark County, Board of Commissioners Indexes Nos. I through 7 (18?? - 1945), to the Commissioners Journals. On file, Board of Commissioners, Clark County Office Building, Springfield, Ohio. 1842- Commissioners Journal, Volume C (1834 - 1847). Commissioners Journal, Volume F (1869 - 1877). Clark County Court of Common Pleas Law Record 79, May Term 1910. Pages 177 ff. Clark County Engineer's Department 2006a Bridge 1479, ODOTFSN 1253670, Rocky Point Road. Bridge Inventory Information. (1 page) 2006b Bridge Inventory. (6 page list of existing bridges and culverts) 1895 Index to Road Records (with Maps). Comprehensively organized 1895, with minor additions 1895 - 1918. Road Records, Volumes 1, 2. 3 and 4.

[Volumes 3 and 4 cover the period 1850-1887] Clark County Recorder 1871 BIBLIOGRAPHY var. CONTINUATION SHEET National Park Service Miscellaneous transfers and deeds of Samuel S.Taylor,as grantee and grantor,1864-1910. 1910b Case No. 17727, Red Star Lodge vs Samuel Taylor et al. 1881 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number 9 Page 11 Old Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert, Clark County, Ohio Enon Community Historical Society Our Heritage: Enon, Ohio, and Mad River Township, An Illustrated History. Everts, L.H. and Company (Publisher) Illustrated Historical Atlas of Clark County, Ohio. Philadelphia. Reprinted 1974 by The Bookmark, Knightstown, Indiana. Kinnison, William A. Springfield and Clark County, An Illustrated History.

Produced in cooperation with the Clark County Historical Society and Wittenberg University. Windson Publications, Northridge, California. Laybourne, Harry Images of America - Springfield. Arcadia Publishing, Dover, New Hampshire. Mad River Township, Trustees Record of Proceedings, Mad River Township, Clark County, Ohio, 1860-1871 Minutes, School Funds, Road and Drift Business Book. On file, Enon Community Historical Society. Matthews, James and Don Brown (indexers) Index to Mad River Township Minute Books. On file, Enon Community Historical Society. Ohio Department of Transportation [ODOT] The Ohio Historic Bridge Inventory Evaluation, and Preservation Plan. In cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration. The Second Ohio Historic Bridge Inventory, Evaluation, and Preservation Plan.

Ohio General Assembly General and Local Laws and Joint Resolutions, Passed by the Fifty-Seventh General Assembly of the State of Ohio, at the Adjourned Session, Begun and Held in the City of Columbus, January2,1867,and in the Sixty-Fifth Year of Said State. Volume LXIX. L.D. Myers & Bro., State Printers, Columbus. General and Local Laws and Joint Resolutions, Passed by the Fifty-Eighth General Assembly of the State of Ohio, at the Rerick Brothers (Topographers, Surveyors, Publishers) The County of Clark, Ohio. An Imperial Atlas and Area Folio, Including Chronological Chart. Statistical Tables, and Descriptions of Surveys. M.Cullaton & Co., Printers. 1990 1985 National Park Service 2000 1867 1983 1868 1871 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number g Page 12 Old Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert, Clark County, Ohio Robison, Elwin C Rocky Point Bridge Investigation, WJE No. 2006.2033 Letter report from Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc., Engineers, Architects, Materials Scientists, Twinsburg, Ohio, to Kevin Rose, The Turner Foundation, Springfield, Ohio. (8 pages) Rockel, William M. (editor, compiler) 20th Century History of Springfield, and Clark County, Ohio, and Representative Citizens. Biographical Publishing Company, Chicago. Springfield City Building Dedication. Re-typed contemporary document, on file, Heritage Center of Springfield and Clark County. Springfield Daily News Obituary of Wednesday, October 22, 1930. Williams' Directories 1870+ Springfield City and Clark County Directories. Titus, C.O.

(Publisher) Atlas of Clark County, Ohio. From Actual Surveys by and under the Direction of D.J. Lake, C.E. U.S. Census Bureau Decennial Federal Censuses of 1850, 1860, 1870, 1880, and 1900 for Clark County, Ohio. Manuscript Schedules on Microfilm. Greene County Public Library, Greene County Room, Xenia, Ohio. 1908 2006 1930 var. Philadelphia. National Park Service "War Veteran is Taken by Death. Samuel S.Taylor Succumbs at Age of93Years." Old Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert Clark County, OH 10. Geographical Data Acreage of Property less than one acre (Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet) 1 17 253722 4417040 Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.) Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet.) 11. Form Prepared By name/title organization Douglas L.

Bailey, Documentation Specialist, Tecumseh Land Trust date August 28, 2007 street & number PO Box 417, 4627 US 68 N telephone (937) 767-9490 city or town Yellow Springs state Ohio zip code 45387-0417 Submit the following items with the completed form: A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location. Representative black and white photographs of the property. (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items) (Complete this item at the request of the SHPO or FPO.) name Clark County Engineer's Department street & number 4075 Laybourne Road .telephone (937) 328-2484 city or town Springfield .

state Ohio zip code 45505 Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.). instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Project (1024-0018), Washington, DC 20503. Maps Photographs included Continuation Sheets Additional items UTM References Property Owner Additional Documentation See continuation sheet.

Zone Easting Northing A Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18.1 hours per response including the time for reviewing this form to the Chief, Administrative Services Division, National Park Service, P.0. Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127; and the Office of NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET VERBAL BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION The Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert is in the center of its bounded area, a simple rectangle in plan, 120 feet east-to-west and 60 ft north-to-south. Its area is 7200 square feet, or 0.1653 acre. The center of the rectangle is top dead center of the arch culvert's arch and deck defined by its stonework.

Its south and north bounds are the edges of the township road's right-of-way, which here is 60 feet wide. Bearings and lengths of the right-of-way edges, beginning at the SW corner, moving clockwise, are (a) 3 degrees 42 minutes 39 seconds, 60 feet; (b) 93 degrees 42 minutes 39 seconds, 120 feet; (c) 183 degrees 42 minutes 39 seconds, 60 feet; and (d) 273 degrees 42 minutes, 39 seconds, 120 feet, to the place of beginning. This boundary includes about 48 feet of roadbed both east and west beyond the top of the mortared stonework of the 1871 culvert, and about 18 feet of right-of-way both north and south beyond the base of the stonework, more or less. BOUNDARY JUSTIFICATION within the right-of-way, to the edges of the historical right-of-way, whose local route, bearing, and width was established in 1842 and was extant in and since 1871, the year of its construction, unto the present.

These boundaries include the bed and rocky shoulders of the gorge for Muddy Run (just upstream and downstream of the culvert) which comprise its immediate natural setting. The Muddy Run is tributary to the Mad River, and it to the Great Miami River. These boundaries define an area entirely public in ownership, sufficient to include the aforementioned necessary elements, and not excessive. Moreover, the boundaries are easy to determine in the field. National Park Service Section number 10 Page 13 Old Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert, Clark County, Ohio These boundaries are selected in order to include the arch culvert per se, all alterations, its filled approaches, and its natural setting NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Section number Photographs Page 14 Old Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert, Clark County, Ohio Negatives are held by Tecumseh Land Trust, PO Box 417, 4627 US 68 N, Yellow Springs, Ohio 45387. Photographs 1 through 7 were taken September 9, 2006, and Photographs 8 and 9, August 18, 2007. Douglas Bailey, photographer. Black-and-White Roll #1 (Kodak 400 TMY) 2. Entire culvert and its adjacent approaches (variously filled and rebuilt). Looking NNE. Exposure 19. 3. Culvert's north face. Looking S. Exposure 14. 4. Approach fills and rebuilding at the culvert's SW corner. Looking WNW. Shows at base (a) (?) older abutment for predecessor wooden bridge, and atop this (b) recycled massive building stones. Looking WNW. Exposure 17. 5. Fill at the culvert's SE corner.

Slumped soil over weathered stream boulders used in 1871 to fill the approaches to the stonework. Looking E. Exposure 25. 6. Rebuilding of approaches and stabilization at the NE corner of the culvert. Recycled massive building stone was used to refill the 7. Closer view of the recycled massive building stones used at the NE corner. Looking down and somewhat W. Exposure 30. 8. The underside of the barrel vault of the arch culvert. This view shows how the uppermost four voussoirs of the south and north facade arches are continued through the vault as multiple parallel keystones which form the backbone of the vault. Looking up and South. Exposure 1. Looking up and SE. Exposure 2. PHOTOGRAPHS CONTINUATION SHEET Exposure 20. National Park Service 9.Coursing of the barrel vault --theca.20 narrower flank/shoulder courses and the ca.4wider crest rows. eroded or washed-out approach ramp.

More recently, a concrete block or wall was poured to stabilize this corner. Looking SE. 1. The roadway of Rocky Point Road at and across the culvert. Looking E toward Old Mill Road. Exposure 33. Page 1 of 1. Table 1. The Distribution of Dates of Construction of Bridges and Culverts listed in the Clark County Engineer's Inventory. Note: The Stone Arch Culvert over Muddy Run on the Enon Road is Bridge No. 1479. In the Engineer's Inventory, Bridges and Culverts with the nominal date "1900" are older than about 1910, the year when the present bridge numbering system first seems to have been used. See note at bottom 1229 (1929), 1414 (1929), 1436 (1927), 1834 (1927) 1448 (1914) Oldest specifically dated bridge 1418 (1900), 1479 (1900), 1620 (1900) Type & date built 1448 Steel beam, built "1914" Repert Pike 0.5 mi E of Hagan Rd.

1418 Prestress box, built "1900" Enon-Xenia Road 0.25 mi S of Hunter Rd. 1620 Steel beam, built "1900" Nagley Road 1 mi N of Charleston-Clifton Rd. Green Twp. 1479 Stone culvert, built "1900" Rocky Point Road 100 ft W of Old Mill Rd. Source of data: Clark County Engineer's Department, Bridge Inventory. 222 201 219 90.5 218 241 96.4 100.1 110 17.8 163 214 26.6 98.6 37.8 10.8 98.2 89.2 10.4 1930s Township 1940s Number 73.4 1890s 1900s*** cum% Decade 2000s 1970s 1850s 1870s 1960s 1860s 1980s 1950s 1990s 1920s 1910s 14.5 1880s Road Location All bridges in inventory Numbers and dates of specific examples Mad River Twp. Dated bridges only No date 49.5 The undated examples (N=19) include:Steel beam(9),Concrete beam (1),Concrete slab (3),Prestress box(1),Steel culvert (5) Note: The Stone Arch Culvert over Muddy Run on the Enon Road is Bridge No. 1479. N Type Date range Br. no.

68 Steel beam 1620 "1900" Pre-stress box beam Steel truss 3-s. Concrete box Concrete beam Concrete box beam Concrete frame 1479 '1900" 241 From chronological distribution table 6 Errors in counts above Source of data: Clark County Engineer's Department, Bridge Inventory. 1004 1418 1007 288 1016 235 1228 1436 1630 17.9 1834 1927-1995 1939-2002 1999-2004 455 226 1997-2001 431 1992-1997 1406 1927-1997 1937-1958 1991-2004 1964-1993 1994-1995 1997-2005 13.2 1965-1967 1954-1993 1938-1975 1935-1997 14.2 Con-span Built Truss 1990s 1960s Culvert [Covered Bridges] Concrete slab Stone culvert 2000s Concrete culvert This classification Pre-stress beam "1900"-2002 "1900"-2004 Table 2. Classification by type and decade built of bridges and culverts in the Clark County Engineer's inventory.

Steel culvert Aluminum culvert Timber culvert [19th C] Qldest of type Steel girder 241 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE STATE & COUNTY: OHIO, Clark DATE OF 16TH DAY: OTHER : N PROGRAM UNAPPROVED: COMMENT WAIVER: N V ACCEPT ABSTRACT/SUMMARY COMMENTS : If a nomination is returned to the nominating authority, the TELEPHONE REJECT MULTIPLE RETURN DATE 4/18/09 DISCIPLINE REVIEWER 3/05/09 4/07/09 EVALUATION/RETURN SHEET NAME: PDIL: PERIOD: NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES DATE RECEIVED: DATE OF WEEKLY LIST: REASONS FOR REVIEW: DOCUMENTATION see attached comments Y/N see attached SLRY/N DATE OF 45TH DAY: 411a/2009 REFERENCE NUMBER: 09000209 N SLR DRAFT: N REQUESTED ACTION: NOMINATION Historian nomination is no longer under consideration by the NPS.

NATIONAL: NO TRUCKS REDUCED TONS BRIDGE OVER LEGAL LIMIT FOR TOTAL WEIGHT AND AXLE LOADS ROCKY POINT STONE ARCH CULVERT CLARK COUNTY, OHTO ROCKY POINT STONE ARCH CULVERT No. 2 CLARK COUNTY, OHIO No. 3 ROCKY POINT STONE ARCH CULVERT CLARK COUNTY, OHIO No. 4 ROCKY POINT STONE ARCH CULVERT ROCKY POINT STONE ARCH CULVERT ROCKY POINT STONE ARCH CULVERT CLARK COUNTY.OHIO NO. 6 CLARK COUNTY, OHIO No. 7 ROCKY POINT STONE ARCH CULVERT ENON ROAD STONE ARCH CULVERT MAD RIVER TOWNSHIP, CLARK CO., OMIO Looking s. (A.KIA. ROCKY POINT STONE ARCH CULVERT) ENON ROAD STONE ARCH CULVERT (AK.A. ROCKY POINT STONE ARCH CULVERT) AUGUST 18, 2007. D. BAILEY. PHETUGRAPH 9. ROCKY POINT STONE ARCH CULVERT DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES YELLOW SPRINGS, OHIO YELLOW SPRINGS QUADRANGLE 7.5 MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC STONE ACCH UTM ZONE I GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MAR 0 5 2009 NAT.

REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES National Park Service 2280 March 2, 2009 Ms. Jan Matthews, Associate Director and Keeper of the National Register of Historic Places 1201 "T" (Eye) Street, NW Washington DC 20005 Enclosed please find four (4) new National Register nominations for Ohio. All appropriate notification procedures have been followed for these new submissions. NEW NOMINATION Old Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert Inglewood Historic District Wells, Harvey, House Historic Preservation Office and the Ohio Historic Site Preservation Office concur that the property meets National Register Criteria and retains integrity. However, during the review of the railing upon the overall integrity of the structure's significant features, namely the stone arch as reaffirm our assessment of the integrity of the nominated property.

If you have questions or comments about these documents, please contact the National Register staff in the Ohio Historic Preservation Office at (614) 298-2000. Dr. William K. Laidlaw, Jr. State Historic Preservation Officer Ohio Historic Preservation Office 567 East Hudson Street, Columbus, Ohio 43211-1030 ph: 614.298.2000 fx: 614.298.2037 COUNTY HISTORY Tuscarawas Enclosures Cuyahoga www.ohiohistory.org Sincerely, Clark Jackson National Register OHIO HISTORICAL SOCIETY The Railway Chapel RECEIVED 2280 the work of a local nineteenth century stonemason.We are seeking a substantive review to I am requesting a substantive review of the Old Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert.The Ohio nomination questions were raised regarding the impact of the changes to the approaches and the Dear Ms.

Matthews: OHIO Patrick Andrus/WASO/NPS To Barbara Powers, Lisa Rupple 04/16/2009 06:59 AM Stone Arch Culvert in Clark County, OH. Concerns were raised regarding the culvert's historic integrity due to alterations to its approaches and the modern deck railing. After review of the nomination have convincingly demonstrates that the alterations (while not keeping in character with the culvert) have not Register on 4/16/2009. Please feel free to share this email with any interested parties. Patrick W. Andrus National Register of Historic Places Sincerely, Historian bcc Patrick_Andrus@nps.gov Hi Barb and Lisa:At your request I have substantively reviewed the nomination for the Old Enon Road Subject Old Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert destroyed the culvert's historic integrity.

The Old Enon Road Stone Arch Culvert was listed in the National retains historic integrity.The nomination does a good job in addressing the integrity issues and