Major Bibliographical References (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.) Previous documentation on file (NPS): HPCA #17,849 Primary location of additional data: - preliminary determination of individual listing (36 - State Historic Preservation Office CFR 67) has been requested - Other State agency - previously listed in the National Register - Federal agency - previously determined eligible by the National - Local government Register - University - designated a National Historic Landmark - Other - recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey Name of repository: #. - recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # NPS Form 10-900 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 1 OMB Approval No.
1024-0018 H.W. Clark Biscuit Co. North Adams (Berkshire), MA Statement of Significance The H. W. Clark Biscuit Company is significant according to criteria A and C for listing on the National Register of Historic Places and as an amendment to the North Adams MRA. The H. W. Clark Company buildings and structures have integrity of setting, location, design, materials, workmanship, feeling and association, and have local significance. The period of significance of the property is 1895, the date of construction of the west storehouse, and 1954, the year in which According to criterion A, the H. W. Clark Biscuit Company is significant for the role it played in the development of North Adams's early 20" century manufacturing economy, broadening the economic base of the mainly textile- and shoe-oriented city. As one of the multiple businesses begun by North Adams entrepreneur H. W.
Clark, it is representative of an era in corporate history when it was possible for an entrepreneur to accumulate capital in sufficient quantities to invest in numerous opportunities, as there were no income tax or minimum wage laws, and labor was plentiful. Always powered by electricity, the company's buildings were part of the 20** century's technological achievements that enabled industry to shift from water-power to electricity. In regard to criterion C, the buildings represent two of the mid-to-late 19" and early 20" century's architectural solutions for fireproofing large factories and warehouses - from the technology of slow-burning mill construction to the technology of reinforced concrete construction. The reinforced concrete building was designed by William J. Higginson (1867-1943).
It is also the first reinforced concrete building to have been constructed in North Adams, Massachusetts. The North Adams Multiple Resource nomination describes the City's built environment as mainly dating from its period of greatest industrial development 1865-1915. The H. W. Clark Biscuit Company buildings contribute to that context. Furthermore, the nomination notes that between 1880 and 1890 mill builders appear to have made an effort "to retain features of the old mills in the design of new ones." The new mills were compatible in scale and material to the older and the overall character retained. The Icing House (1913), late in the period described in the Multiple Resource nomination, appears to have taken part in this approach to mill design.
It has actually in the past been misidentified as an older building, since it exhibits the low-pitch roof, the corbelled brick cornice, and segmentally arched windows of mill buildings from the 1860s and 1870s in North Adams and was compatible in scale and material with the earlier shoe manufacturing building, the Canedy-Clark shoe factory, which was on the property in 1913. The historical context of the North Adams Multiple Resource nomination established that by 1900 shoe manufacturing had declined so that it was no longer the City's main industry. Further, it describes the end of mill construction that essentially took place in the 1920s. The H. W. Clark (continued) NPS Form 10-900 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page - 2 OMB Approvai No. 1024-0018 H.W.
Clark Biscuit Co. North Adams (Berkshire), MA Biscuit Company fits into this overall historical context. As the Canedy-Clark shoe company faltered, Clark bought out Canedy and closed the factory ca. 1901. Reborn in 1922 as a baked goods factory, the company no longer followed the mill-building model, but put up a new building with new technology. Colonial Period (1675-1775) The City of North Adams is in a region of western Massachusetts that was first surveyed and laid out for settlement in 1749 by a committee of the General Court of Massachusetts.
The surveyors were instructed to lay out a township six square miles in extent, but once they were in the region they increased the surveyed area to 42 square miles, possibly reflecting the need for a larger area to compensate for the presence of the rocky landscape and dense forests of the Green Mountains, which were less favorable for farming. After laying it out and naming it East Hoosuck, the General Court turned to one of the next requirements for a new township - establishing a grist and sawmill to enable new settlers to get a start building and farming. The Court therefore offered Ephraim Williams a relatively small grant of 200 acres in 1750 if he would build and run a grist and sawmill for twenty years and keep ten acres for a fort to be built in the future.
Williams took up the grant and established the mill in 1752 on the Hoosic River in the section of East Hoosuck that was to become North Adams. It was at the head of what is now Main Street. Williams continued to operate his grist and sawmills beyond the twenty-year stipulation of his grant, and he made improvements to the site, which included a dam and bridge on the Hoosac River. The Bay Colony sold land to real estate speculators during the Colonial Period as a means of raising money, and in 1762 East Hoosuck and nine other townships were sold to Nathan Jones for 3,200 English pounds sterling. Jones turned around and split his investment with two other men, Colonel Elisha Jones and John Murray. The three men then laid out in 1762 the original 48 building lots of 100 acres in what was to become Adams and North Adams.
Settlement appears to have been slow, with additional allotments made in small increments in following years. Federal Period (1775-1830) Community Development The Revolutionary War brought an end to Ephraim Williams' welcome in East Hoosuck, as he was a Loyalist and was run off his site in 1777. Williams' contributions to the area were not at an end, however, as he was to leave money to found Williams College when he died in 1793. The Revolutionary War affected settlement and growth in East Hoosuck, but by 1778 the town had grown to the point that a second township was set off and named Adams, after Samuel (continued) NPS Form 10-900 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 3 OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 H.W. Clark Biscuit Co. North Adams (Berkshire), MA Adams.
The first Adams town meeting was held the following year. Land speculation continued throughout the period, and while some of the original purchasers of land settled on it, many held the land and sold it to others who were more prepared to move this far west. Western Massachusetts was the destination during the Colonial and Federal Periods of many people from the east, coming mainly from southeastern Massachusetts and the Connecticut River Valley. In the case of Adams, many of the new arrivals came from Rhode Island, and among them were a large number of Quakers. Farming was the principal activity of Adams' residents, but the presence of the north and south branches of the Hoosac River attracted mill operators to their banks and the cluster of residences and mills became North Village in Adams.
Many of the settlers from Rhode Island had mill experience that they applied to these new mills. North Village's steep, pine-covered hillsides and stony soils were less conducive to farming than the southern section of Adams, and spring floods were a further discouragement to farming. Lumbering and manufacturing took hold more easily and, ca. 1798, the first cloth dressing mill was set up in North Village. A carding machine was installed in 1801 in a grist mill, and all mill operations were improved when a second dam was constructed on the river the same year. Waterpower was so good that soon North Village was carding wool and dressing cloth in its first textile mills, and supportive businesses such as carpenter shops, blacksmith shops, and cooperages were added to North Village streets, which then consisted of Main, Eagle, and Center Streets.
Before the end of the Federal period, North Village claimed saddle and harness makers, wagon and cabinetmakers, and a brickworks. The first stage from Greenfield to Albany passed through Adams in 1814, and by 1830 North Village had 87 houses and 1,100 people. Early Industrial Period (1830-1870) Community Development The North Village of Adams, known by this time as North Adams, became a manufacturing center by mid-century. While water power was the primary factor of this development, it was the railroad that secured the village's manufacturing and commercial future.
The Pittsfield & North Adams Railroad opened in 1846, constructing the original line that is still behind the Clark factory For railroads to cross the Hoosac Range in any numbers, however, it was necessary to construct a railroad tunnel through the mountain range for the Troy, New York, to Greenfield Railroad, a project that began in 1845 and saw its first train pass through in 1859. The railroad had been chartered in 1848 by Alvah Crocker of Fitchburg. Once the tunnel had been completely lined in brick, it was safe for rail use. Encouraged by the transportation improvements, new businesses that began in the North Village were boot and shoe manufacturing in 1843, cotton mills in the 1840s and 1860s, a wrought iron forge, hatmaking, pump and lead pipe manufacturers, tool manufacturers, and stone cutters. (continued) NPS Form 10-900 (Rev.
10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet H.W. Clark Biscuit Co. North Adams (Berkshire), MA Section number 8 Page 4 By 1860 the population of Adams had grown to 4,000 and there were 400 houses, clustered mainly in North Village. Among the new streets that were in place in 1860 was Ashland Street. With the encouragement of its industrial leaders, Adams was early to adapt services that improved its industries and residential life. In 1863 a gas company was chartered and began providing gas for lighting and power; in 1867 water lines were laid in the streets. A concentration of wooden manufacturing buildings built before fire codes were established made town centers, such as North Village, highly vulnerable to fires.
The loss of a whole millyard to fire was a not-infrequent occurrence. Mill owners responded by uniting to provide their own group fire insurance, but avoiding loss was a much more significant quest. Throughout North America and Europe, people in urban areas, whether residential, commercial, or manufacturing, were experiencing the costs in life and property that fire brought, so experiments began with fireproof building construction and spread among countries. Brick buildings with iron frames were one line of endeavor. A second was the re-introduction of concrete. The English were producing concrete by 1847, mainly for use in bridges and docks, and the French were the first to construct multiple buildings with concrete in the 1850s and 1860s. In England concrete warehouses and tenements appeared in the 1860s.
In the United States the first concrete building was built in Milton, Wisconsin, by Joseph Goodrich in 1844, but it remained an isolated experiment for decades to come. In Adams between 1830 and 1870, wood-frame construction dominated for large scale buildings due to its relatively cheap construction cost. Brick buildings were, so far, reserved for a few residences. H. W. Clark Commerce in North Village developed alongside manufacturing, and among the businesses was John Leroy's wholesale grocery store where Herbert W. Clark worked as a fifteen-year-old bookkeeper. His career in business is representative of many 19" century entrepreneurs whose skills fit into the post-Industrial Revolution economy. Clark's father had sent him to the Comer Commercial College in Boston for training in bookkeeping. He returned to Adams to work for Leroy in 1867.
Within two years, he had left Leroy and formed a partnership with Orson Dalrymple to open a variety store on the corner of Main Street and Holden Street in North Village. Two years later, he was a partner with Charles Ketchum in a grocery store in the nearby town of Braytonville. Keeping up his two-year business leaps, in 1869 Clark started a wholesale grocery business with his first employer John Leroy, and a third partner, Stephen Fairchild, when an established wholesale grocery business became available on Holden Street in the center of North Village. During this early part of his career he married a teacher, Ellen Brayton, from Hartford, New York, who had come to Adams to work. Late Industrial Period (1870-1915) Community Development The North Village with its manufacturing and commercial businesses soon outstripped the (continued) NPS Form 10-900 (Rev.
10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet H.W. Clark Biscuit Co. North Adams (Berkshire), MA Section number 8 Page 5 southern section of Adams, which remained more rural and agricultural. In 1878 the North Village officially split off as a separate town named North Adams. Railroad investors were attracted to North Adams for its broad commercial and manufacturing base. By 1875 the Fitchburg Railroad was using the Hoosac tunnel, greatly improving freight and passenger service between Boston and New York. A second railroad - the Pittsfield and North Adams Division of the Boston and Albany - also began serving North Adams during the period.
Street railroads offered yet another opportunity to improve transportation for passengers and freight, and in 1886 Adams and North Adams were connected by a horse-drawn street railroad that ran up and down State Street. Electricity was introduced to the two towns shortly thereafter, in 1889, and the street railroad was soon electrified. In 1895 its route was extended to Williamstown, then the following year to Clarksburg. Six important railroad lines passed through North Adams during this period. The population had grown so by 1900 that traffic on dirt roads was no longer acceptable, and the city began paving its most active streets. Ashland Street was paved by 1909 with brick or granite as it was among the developed mixed neighborhoods containing factories, houses, stores, and other small businesses. H. W. Clark One entrepreneur who capitalized on the transportation resources was H. W.
Clark. In 1876 he built the brick Flatiron Building (now gone) on Depot Square across from the depot used by the Boston and Albany and Fitchburg Railroads and made it the headquarters for his new business, the H. W. Clark Wholesale Company, selling wholesale groceries. The street railroad was to pass directly west of his building; the railroads, depots, and freight houses were also on its west. Not only did Clark capitalize on the transportation that was in place when he began his business, he also took part in adding to it. In 1903 he was an incorporator of a streetcar line extension to Bennington, Vermont, on the north and Great Barrington, Massachusetts, on the south. It was chartered to carry freight as well as passengers, so was clearly planned as a means to transport goods.
The wholesale grocery company was very successful and within a few years it provided Clark with money to invest in other businesses. By a series of investments and wise management, Clark became a highly successful North Adams businessman during the Late Industrial Period. Among his ventures was a building supply business he bought and moved to Pittsfield, and a cold storage business he started in the 1890s. Boot and shoe manufacturing had outstripped textile manufacturing by the last few decades of the 19*h century in North Adams, and Clark bought into the Canedy-Whitman shoe factory with J. M. Canedy on Ashland Street in the mid-1890s. The company name changed and it ran for five years as Canedy-Clark shoe factory.
Between 1895 and 1897 Clark and Canedy added a single-story brick shipping building, which is extant as the west storehouse, and connected it with a bridge to their shoe factory (now gone). By 1901 they had added a frame storage shed to the shoe factory, and several frame storehouses in its north yard (where now is a parking lot). The Sanborn Insurance maps of 1884 and 1897 also show (continued) NPS Form 10-900 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet H.W. Clark Biscuit Co. North Adams (Berkshire), MA Section number 8 Page there had been three identical frame houses, one with a hen house out back, south of the Canedy- Whitman (1884), then Canedy-Clark (1895), Shoe Company.
The houses were set close to the street in front of the brick shipping building that is now the west storehouse. By 1897 Canedy and Clark had bought the three houses from their owner J. L. Hunter, and had demolished two of them. In its enlarged complex of buildings, the Canedy-Clark Shoe Company did shoe sole cutting, bottoming, stitching, and packing in the 1884 building, shipping products from the brick shipping building, stored materials in the wooden buildings, and maintained one house for Company use. Clark set up a cigar factory in Pittsfield and formed the Berkshire Beef Company in North Adams. At the same time he formed spin-off companies associated with his wholesale grocery business. He established a line of foods that he sold under the names "Greylock" and "Goldflower," and he established the H. W. Clark Produce Company that dealt in wholesale fruit and dairy products.
This was a period when monopolies were unregulated, so Clark faced strong competition from large food companies that could undersell his products. In response, he devised a marketing and promotion plan called the "nation wide" plan that extended his market and fended off much of the competition. Some of his businesses took off and others either failed or were sluggish. In either of the latter cases, Clark would quickly close them up or sell them to other entrepreneurs with more experience in that particular field. When the Canedy-Clark Shoe Company failed to prosper, Clark bought out Canedy after 1901 and closed the company, but maintained the buildings whose location next to the railroad tracks was valuable. One of Clark's last business investments was the bakery that he started up in 1899 with $25,000.
He installed the bakery in a former shoe manufacturing building, a wood-frame building on Lincoln Street about 10 blocks north of the Canedy-Clark location on Ashland Street in the center of North Adams. Then between 1901 and 1908 he expanded the business to his former shoe factory on Ashland Street. But in order to convert the shoe factory to a bakery, work had to be done. Clark took down the frame storage buildings on the north side of the shoe factory, added an engine room (now the Boiler House) to the 1884 shoe building, and two-story ovens on the north elevation of the shoe factory building. At a time when the concept of "mass production" was developing, Clark's bakery production lines were said to be the longest in Massachusetts. He installed cracker machines as part of the lines and devoted the remainder of the building to packing, shipping, and storage.
The shipping building, or west storehouse, continued in use. The frame house, still there but not in use, was considered a "skeleton" according to the Sanborn Insurance map of 1908. When H. W. Clark's son Herbert B. Clark graduated from Williams College in 1903, he joined the wholesale grocery business, and, within a short period of time, took over its operation. H.W. Clark was freed up to concentrate his attention on the baking company and the town's community affairs. (continued) NPS Form 10-900 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet H.W. Clark Biscuit Co. North Adams (Berkshire), MA Section number 8 Page7 Clark became a fixture of his community. In 1895 North Adams became a city, and a year later Clark was among its first City Council members.
He served on other companies' boards in both North Adams and Pittsfield. He was Director of the Berkshire Mutual Fire Insurance Company of Pittsfield and the Bigheart Oil Company of Oklahoma. Clark was Director of the North Adams National Bank for twenty-seven years and became a trustee of the North Adams Savings Bank in 1900. He donated money to the YMCA, to the Baptist Church, of which he was a member, and to the North Adams Hospital, where he served as president in 1909. Clark also donated two new buildings to the hospital, in 1909 and 1912. On July 7, 1913 the Lincoln Street bakery burned down. After the fire, Clark and his management team determined not to rebuild on Lincoln Street, but to keep his 90 Lincoln Street employees working by bringing them all to Ashland Street, where they could run a night shift until a new building could be constructed.
The new building of 1913, the Icing Building (Photograph No. 4), was begun within two months of the fire, and it was built on the site of the frame house. It was attached to the south side of the Boiler House, which at that point held a coal storage room and a mixing room, and a second-story bridge was built to connect the new building with the 1884 building. The coal storage room and mixing room are still extant as the Boiler House (Photograph No. 5); the bridge is now gone. The ovens were still on the north side of the 1884 building. The new 1913 building was designated as the Icing Building Working with the Newark, New Jersey, contractor L. Dillon Construction Company, Clark built the new bakery in the slow-burning construction method that New England textile mill owners had developed.
A brick building with timber frame, it was much more cost-effective than a brick building with an iron frame, and many felt it was even more effective as a fire proof means of construction. With the Icing Building, Clark took part in the mainstream of fireproof construction: he built a slow-burning masonry building, protected his investment through a mutual fire insurance company (Director of the Berkshire Mutual Fire Insurance Company), and according to Massachusetts Department of Public Safety Records, provided fire-prevention by "water pails on each floor." As inadequate a measure as this seems today, it was a fully accepted means of fire suppression. The bakery operations were not strictly linear. Dough mixing took place in the Boiler House.
The dough was then taken to the 1884 building's second floor where machines shaped it into biscuits (cookies) before they were put in the second floor ovens. The baked cookies were packed into boxes on the first floor and taken to the Icing Building, where the wooden lift took them to the third floor for icing. The third floor was operated by ten men and thirty women. The shipping house was converted to the west storehouse for goods that were kept in both the basement andon the main floor. (continued) NPS Form 10-900 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet H.W. Clark Biscuit Co.
North Adams (Berkshire), MA Section number 8_ Page 8 Early ModernPeriod (1915-1940) Community Development History North Adams followed the pattern of most cities in New England in the 1920s with economic and population growth promoting optimism among its residents. The presence of the automobile allowed people to live outside the city and work within it, but labor was plentiful in North Adams as well, with Chinese immigrants adding to the labor force. The advent of the Depression, however, marked the beginning of the city's economic decline, from which it has never fully recovered. North Adams residents, like those in many New England mill towns, increasingly had fewer manufacturing jobs available, as competition from the southern states drew textile- and shoe-manufacturing companies away. H. W. Clark Taking part in the city's boom of the 1920s H. W.
Clark decided to modernize his biscuit company with a new factory building that would serve as a baking and shipping center. In 1921- 1922 he hired New York architect William J. Higginson to design the building using the latest in building technology, reinforced concrete. (Photograph No. 9) Reinforced-concrete construction had migrated east from California to New York and New England during this period. While there was one example for architects to note -the first house of reinforced concrete was in Port Chester, New York built in 1871-72 by W. E. Ward - it was not until the 1890s that it began to be used in a substantial number of buildings. A landmark in the professional acceptance of this method of construction took place in 1894 when a paper on "Concrete Construction" was presented to the San Francisco chapter of the American Institute of Architects.
With architect acceptance and engineering study taken on in earnest, the construction technique began to be used in large-scale commercial and manufacturing buildings. William J. Higginson (1867-1943) was one of the architects who adopted the construction technique fairly early in its United States history. He was born in London, and immigrated to the United States when he was seventeen. He developed his practice, William Higginson and Son, in New York, specializing in large industrial buildings and warehouses. Among the first reinforced- concrete buildings by Higginson were the still-extant Bush Terminal buildings built ca. 1903 on the Brooklyn waterfront. In 1904-05 he built the Robert Gair Company Warehouse No. 3 in Brooklyn - also extant - for the packaging company; at the time of its construction it was the largest reinforced concrete building in the world.
He was responsible for other buildings in the Gair Paper Manufacturing complex, eventually numbering seven constructed around 1915. The choice of both the well-known New York architect and the use of this particular building technology tells us that Clark was opting for the best available for his company and for North Adams. The new building of 1922, the first reinforced-concrete building in North Adams, kept (continued) NPS Form 10-900 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 - Page 9 OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 H.W. Clark Biscuit Co.
North Adams (Berkshire), MA the company competitive with the major bakery chains National Biscuit Company, Sunshine Biscuit Company, and American Biscuit Company, and assured the company's economic place in North Adams for the next three and a half decades. The building complex was organized to take advantage of its location just east of the tracks of two rail companies with a spur line running beside the single-story storehouse on the west. With one building devoted to baking, packaging and shipping (the Baking Building of 1922) and another to storage (the Icing Building of 1913), the oldest (1884) shoe factory (Canedy-Clark Shoe Factory) was taken down by 1929. One remainder of this building is probably the wall at the north end of the Boiler House, a former party wall between the Boiler House and the 1884 shoe factory.
The Baking Building was constructed according to the patented technique known as the unit method, which was developed in this country ca. 1900-1902 by Ernest Ransome. Rather than pouring the building walls in wood forms between members of its steel structure, units of concrete were cast separately and assembled on the site. The unit method allowed for greater spans for window openings, greater architectural detailing, and a more refined finished product. At the time the new Baking Building was constructed in 1922, a debate was taking place in the architectural press on the proper appearance of exterior concrete: should it be covered, should it be natural? The architect of the Baking Building opted for the natural solution; it was exposed yet formed into a contemporary style, in this case a geometric Moderne ornament. The new Baking Building was organized for efficient production.
Jerry Gamari, an employee in the building, was later to recount his experience working the ovens. The ovens contained metal shelves that rotated like a ferris wheel. Cookie dough placed on the shelves baked in just one rotation, and Gamari would then direct the baked cookies to a chute that emptied into a basket. He took the basket to the elevator and sent it to the first floor, where women would pack and ship the cookies. Gamari recalled that the company gave employees surplus boxes of cookies, or sold employees an entire barrel at a very low price. Within a few years after the Baking Building was constructed, H. W. Clark's health declined, and he decided to sell the company. He refused, though, to sell it to any of the chains with which he had been competing for so many years. Instead, he sold in 1928 to Alex R. Patoie of Providence, Rhode Island, an independent bakery company owner.
At the time of its sale, Clark Biscuit Company had $750,000 capital and an annual income of more than a million dollars. Two stipulations of the sale were that the name of the company would remain, and that Clark would be its president. Clark served until his death in 1935. Patoie ran the Clark Biscuit Company until 1954 when he closed its operations and sold the building. Between 1954 and 1990, the buildings were owned by a series of companies, but they were leased for almost 40 years by the Tartan Machine Company, which manufactured a vertical form/fill/seal machine for packing liquid products. In 1990 the Tartan Machine Company was bought by a second machine company, Ropak, which moved the company from North Adams, leaving the buildings vacant. (continued) NPS Form 10-900 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service OMB Approval No.
1024-0018 National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet H.W. Clark Biscuit Co. North Adams (Berkshire), MA Section number 8 Page 10 Preservation Activities Vacant for almost two decades, the Clark Biscuit Company is being rehabilitated into apartments using Investment Tax Credits. Archaeological Significance Historic archaeological resources described above may contribute important information related to the settlement history of North Adams and the role the Clark Biscuit Company Complex played in the development of North Adams' early 20" century manufacturing economy. Additional historic research, combined with archaeological survey and testing, may contribute information related to the three frame houses located on Ashland Street south of the Canedy- Clark Shoe Factory and on the site of the Icing Building.
Structural evidence and artifacts may contribute important information related to the architectural characteristics of the buildings, their construction dates, and demolition. Important information may also exist related to the village economy prior to 19" century industrial growth and the development of the village's early 20th century manufacturing economy. Agriculture and cottage industries may have remained important well into the 19"h century. Detailed analysis of the contents of occupational-related features and structural remains from outbuildings might contribute information that indicates the relative importance of manufacturing and agriculture at residential sites while the inhabitants worked in factories or on farms. Agriculture may have supplemented the wage economy of factory workers.
Historical and archaeological evidence may also exist that residents pursued home manufacturing or cottage industries in textiles and shoe manufacturing while they or other family members worked on farms or in factories. Analysis of structural remains and occupational-related features from industrial/manufacturing buildings may contribute information related to shoemaking technologies, baked goods technologies, and the expansion of North Adams' manufacturing economy from textiles and shoe making to include baked goods. Industrial trash areas may contain examples of machinery, raw materials, and finished goods that indicate levels of technology used in those industries and changes in raw materials used to manufacture specific products.
Historical and archaeological information may contribute important evidence that indicates why the North Adams economy was receptive to the addition of baked goods to its manufacturing base. Important information may also exist that identifies patterns of adaptative reuse of factory buildings as the manufacturing focus changed. Structural evidence from residences and outbuildings combined with detailed analysis of the contents of occupational-related features, may also contribute information on the changing social life in North Adams as the town's economy changed from an agricultural base to a continually expanding manufacturing economy throughout the 19* and early 20" century. (end) NPS Form 10-900 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 9 Page1 OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 H.W.
Clark Biscuit Co. North Adams (Berkshire), MA Bibliography Primary Sources Department of Public Safety. Public Building Records, "Ashland Street, Clark Biscuit Company, 1913, Case B, Rack 7, Apt.22, No. 14230. 157 Ashland Street. H.W. Clark Biscuit Co. April 21, 1920. Case B, Rack 9, Apt. 11, No. 16796 Secondary Sources Bradley, Betsy Hunter. The Works: The Industrial Architecture of the United States, Campanile, Robert. North Adams, Massachusetts, 2001. Chisolm Brothers. Picturesque North Adams and Vicinity, Portland, Maine, 188-? Collins, Peter. Concrete: The Vision of a New Architecture Manning, Joe. "Bytes from the Bean" ,iberkshires.com, 4-12-99. New York Times, April 12, 1908 North Adams Publicity Committee. Official Souvenir Book: Old Home Week, September 5 to 11, 1909, North Adams, 1909. Randall, Frank A. History of the Development of Building Construction in Chicago, 1999.
Ransome, Ernest Leslie, and Alexis Saurbrey. Reinforced Concrete Buildings: A Treaty on the History, Patents, Design and Erection of them, Rivers, Roger, "H. W. Clark Left History Legacy in North Adams", iberkshires.com, May 26, 2004. Slaton, Amy E. Reinforced Concrete and the Modernization of American Building 1900-1930 Society of Architectural Historians. American Architects' Biographies, www.sah.org/aame/bioa. Spear, Willis F. History of North Adams, Mass., 1749-1885, North Adams, 1885. Terryberry, Ann B. ANADEX: Adams-North Adams, Massachusetts Historical Index, North Adams, 1984. (continued) NPS Form 10-900 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 9 Page 2 OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 H.W. Clark Biscuit Co.
North Adams (Berkshire), MA Maps, Plans, and Atlases Berkshire, County Massachusetts, New York, 1894. Miller, D.L. & Co. Atlas of the towns of North Adams, Adams, Williamstown and Cheshire, n.d. Sanborn Insurance Maps, 1884, 1897, 1901, 1908, 1914, 1929. (end) H.W. Clark Biscuit C Name of Property Berkshire,MA County, State 10. Geographical Data Acreage of Property 1.08 acres UTM References See continuation sheet. (Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet) 1. 18 Zone 654800 Easting 4782380 Northing 2. 3. 4. Zone Easting Northing Zone Easting Northing Zone Easting Northing _ See continuation sheet Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.) Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet.) 11.
Form Prepared By name/title_Bonnie Parsons, Pioneer Valley Planning Commission, with Betsy Friedberg, NR Director, MHC organization Massachusetts Historical Commission _dateFebruary,2009 street & number_ 220 Morrissey Boulevard _ telephone 617-727-8470 city or town_ Boston _ state MA _ zip code_02125 Additional Documentation Submit the following items with the completed form: Continuation Sheets Maps A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location. A sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. Photographs Representative black and white photographs of the property. Additional items (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items) Property Owner (Complete this item at the request of the SHPO or FPO.) name Clark Biscuit Apartments LP.
Arch Street Development street & number _ 50 Sargent Street _ telephone _ city or town Needham _ stateMA zip code02492 Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.). Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18.1 hours per response including the time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form.
Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Chief, Administrative Services Division, National Park Service, P.0. Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127; and the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Project (1024-0018), Washington, DC 20503 NPS Form 10-900 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 10 Page 1 OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 H.W. Clark Biscuit Co. North Adams (Berkshire), MA Verbal Boundary Description The Boundaries of this nomination follow the lot lines of Map 171, Lot 10, which is attached. Boundary Justification The boundaries chosen for this nomination follow the historic lot lines of the property. (end) NPS Form 10-900 (Rev.
10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number photos Page_1 OMB Approval No. 1024 H.W. Clark Biscuit Co. North Adams (Berkshire), MA List of Photographs 1. View to north of Ashland Street and neighborhood of residential and commercial buildings. 2. North parking lot and site former site of Canedy-Clark Shoe Factory and wooden storage buildings. 3. View north on west side of property and area of spur railroad track. 4. Icing Building of 1913 (179 Ashland Street) east and north facades. On right rear is Boiler House and smokestack. 5. Boiler House and smokestack east and north facades. Former party wall rising above Boiler House is visible as north wall of Boiler House. 6.
North façade of Icing Building showing second floor bricked-in windows and ghost of former bridge between Icing Building and Canedy-Clark Shoe Factory Building (now gone). On right Boiler House and smokestack. 7. View to northeast corner of Icing Building on third floor showing slow-burning mill construction. 8. View to north of third floor Icing Building with fire door connecting Icing Building with Baking Building. Detail of construction and condition. 9. East and south facades of Baking Building (191 Ashland Street) of 1922. Third and fourth floor oven wall visible on east elevation. On right is one-story garage infill building. 10. Reinforced concrete column in Baking Building, first floor. 11. View to east of oven wall, fourth floor, Baking Building. Note column thickness. 12. East elevations of Baking Building, garage infill and a section of Icing Building. 13.
North and west facades of west storage building, with Baking Building in background. 14. West façade of Baking Building with loading doors at spur track and Moderne details. 15. West façade looking north of west storage building, originally shipping building. On right one bay of Baking Building. Map No. 171-10 171-10 171-10 171-10 171-10 171-10 171-10 171-10 171-10 Resource Buildings Structures Objects Sites Total Address 179-191 Ashland Street 179-191 Ashland Street 179-191 Ashland Street 179-191 Ashland Street 179-191 Ashland Street 179-191 Ashland Street 179-191 Ashland Street 179-191 Ashland Street 179-191 Ashland Street Contributing 3 1 8 Historic Name H. W.
Clark Biscuit Company 171-191 Ashland Street North Adams, Massachusetts Date Style West Storehouse 1895-97 Icing Building 1913 Boiler House 1913 Baking Building 1922 Smokestack pre-1929 spur railroad track 1895-97 infill garage ca. 1955 iron fence and fence post 1895-1897 water tank structure 1922 utilitarian utilitarian utilitarian Moderne utilitarian utilitarian utilitarian Late Victorian Moderne Non-contributing 1 Resource C/NG Str. Str. B Str. 000000200 NPS Form 10-900-a (Rev. 8/2002) OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet (Expires 1-31-2009) Section number Page Name of Property County and State Name of multiple property listing (if applicable) SUPPLEMENTARY LISTING RECORD NRIS Reference Number: 09000235 Date Listed: 4/22/2009 Property Name: H. W.
Clark Biscuit Company Multiple Name: North Adams MRA County: State: This property is listed in the National Register of Historic Places in accordance with the attached nomination documentation subject to the following exceptions, exclusions, or amendments, notwithstanding the National Park Service certification included in the nomination documentation. latinh Andrus Signature of the Keeper 4/22/2009 Date of Action Amended Items in Nomination: This SLR is issued to reconcile the different resource counts found in Section 5 of the cover form and the inventory. The count of contributing structures and non-contributing buildings contained in Section 5 is incomplete; the correct count is three contributing structures and one non- contributing building. The form is amended to make this resource count correction.
DISTRIBUTION: National Register property file Nominating Authority (without nomination attachment) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES EVALUATION/RETURN SHEET REQUESTED ACTION: NOMINATION PROPERTY H.W. Clark Biscuit Company NAME : MULTIPLE North Adams MRA NAME: STATE & COUNTY: MASSACHUSETTS, Berkshire DATE RECEIVED: DATE OF 16TH DAY: DATE OF WEEKLY LIST: 3/09/09 4/11/09 DATE OF PENDING LIST: DATE OF 45TH DAY: REFERENCE NUMBER: 09000235 3/27/09 4/22/09 REASONS FOR REVIEW: APPEAL: N DATA PROBLEM: N LANDSCAPE: N LESS THAN 50 YEARS: OTHER: N PDIL: REQUEST: N SAMPLE: N N PERIOD: N PROGRAM UNAPPROVED: SLR DRAFT: Y NATIONAL: COMMENT WAIVER: N / ACCEPT RETURN REJECT 4/22/2009 DATE ABSTRACT/SUMMARY COMMENTS: RECOM.
/CRITERTA Accept Aic REVIEWER Hatrick Andrus DISCIPLINE TELEPHONE DATE Nistoriar 4/22/2009 DOCUMENTATION see attached comments Y/N see attached Y/N If a nomination is returned to the nominating authority, the nomination is no longer under consideration by the NPS. H.W0. Clark Biscint Compar Berkshire, mssoachesith Bonnie Pasmo Squater, 2007 PVPL Viess to narth Photogaph no.1 ASHLAND ST. NEIGHBORHOOD VIEW N 089 1NNN 005 09.25.07 NEGH-- 1 s Chaie Birins Compa Berkshines, Bonnee Parom lugust, 2007 PVPc. Urro to nista wo20 Photoqragh no. z 09.25.07 NEG FORMER SITE CANEDY - CLAR SHOE FACTORY Berteshere HieiShent Cisins Cop Bornis Paroms August, 2007 PVPc Uius lo hoth Photograph No. 3 VIEW N, AREA & SPUR RA TRACK NEGH 008 1NNN 011 h-w.Clask Biscint Compom Berkshire, Ms Bonniu Par ono Augendt, 2007 PVPL Vicest, south wat. Phats qroph ho t 003 09.25.07 NEGW E,N. FACADES ICING BLD6. H.W.
Clark Biocint Co. Berkakire, MA Bonnie Parsons lugust, 2007 PVPC. Vireo tWBtIN Phots No. 5 09.25.07 NEGW BorLen HOusE, SMOKESTACK, e, N FACADES H.W. Clark Biseint Company Bertshire, Bonnie Parson Auquat, 2007 PVPL Viww to Sauth aon o Phots. No.6 09.25.07 NEGW N FACADE ICING BLDG. H.W. Clark Biscunt Company Berkshire, MA Bonnie Perono Auquat, 2007 PVPC vies to north cuot Phats 1o. 7 NE CORNER, ICING BLDG. 011 1NNN 014 09.25.07 NEG#- HW. Clare Biscint Company Berkshin, M4 Boance Parms PVPL viens to North Phote ho. 8 3Ro Fi. ICING BLDG., FINÊ DOOR TO BAKING BLDG. 1NNN 1H 09. 25. 8 7 NEGI h-w. Clart Biscint company Berksher, MA Bonnix Parsons Auguot, 2007 PVPe View to roile weat Phote No. 8 9 E, S FACADÊS & BAKING BUDE. 009 1MNN 886 09.25.07 NEGW H.W. Clark Biacint Compary Ququst, 2007 PVPC View to saot Phote No. 910 BAKING BLDG. Ist FL.
REINFORCED COLUMN 009 1NNN 021 09.25.07 NEG# H. W. Clark Biociit Company Bertshie, Ma Bonnis Pasmo august, 2007 PUPc viest.caot Phot, 14 yTt FL. BAKING BLD6. OVEN WALC 011 1NNN 020 09.25.07 NEG#- W. W. Clark Biscunt Company Botelit Parsn Qugust, 2007 prPc vient suth wol 09.25.07 09.25.07 NEGV Pholo. ho.sp. E ELEV. BAKING BLDG., GANAGE, SECTION 8 ICING BLDG. Ceark Biscind Compumy Berkshire MA Bonnce Parsao Oclober, 2007 PVPC Ua ESE Phite 13 NIW FACADES & STONAGE BLDG. Clask Biscut Co. Berkshire M4 Bonnis Pasous October, 2007 PUPC Cü.eu heasr phd. W FACADE & BAKING BIDES. Clare Bercent Co Berhshere, M7 Bonnis Pasm oclober, 2007 PUPC Uiro t. Plile 1o.15 W FACADE & STORAGE BLDG.
LOOKING N TIT-CPLACH RECEIVED 2280 MAR 09 2009 The Commonwealth of Massachusetts William Francis Galvin, Secretary of the Common»A7 HEGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES February 26, 2009 Massachusetts Historical Commission NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Mr. J. Paul Loether National Register of Historic Places Department of the Interior National Park Service 1201 Eye Street, NW, 8*h floor Washington, DC 20005 Dear Mr. Loether: Enclosed please find the following nomination form: H.W. Clark Biscuit Co., North Adams (Berkshire), MA The nomination has been voted eligible by the State Review Board and has been signed by the State Historic Preservation Officer. The owners of the property were notified of pending State Review Board consideration 30 to 45 days before the meeting and were afforded the opportunity to comment.
Sincerely, Betry tredheg Betsy Friedberg National Register Director Massachusetts Historical Commission enclosure CC: Bonnie Parsons, PVPC, consultant Clark Biscuit Apartments LP John Barrett III, Mayor, City of North Adams Michael Nuvallie, North Adams Historical Commission Michael Leary, North Adams Planning Board 220 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125 (617) 727-8470 - Fax: (617) 727-5128 www.state.ma.us/sec/mhc
Block